Jordan
Title of the survey:
Employment and Unemployment Surveys, 2001.
Organization responsible for the survey:
Planning and conduct of the survey:
Department of Statistics, Household Surveys Directorate.
Analysis and publication of the results:
Department of Statistics, Household Surveys Directorate.
Topics covered:
Current employment and unemployment. Actual hours worked at all jobs and reason for temporary absence from work. Desire for change of job and reason. Educational level, current industry, occupation and status in employment in main job. Monthly income from employment addressed to employees and self-employed persons. Past work experience, current availability for work, active job-search, channels used in seeking work, duration of job-search and timing of last job-search. Major activity of population not in labour-force.
Coverage of the survey:
Geographical:
Entire nation expect nomadic areas.
Population groups:
Total population, excluding population living in remote areas (mostly nomads) and those living in collective dwellings such as hotels, work camps, prisons, etc.
Availability of estimates from other sources for the excluded areas/groups:
No.
Groups covered by the survey but excluded from the published results:
Non-Jordanian. Survey results are limited to the Jordanian population. No separate estimates are available for Non-Jordanians.
Periodicity:
Conduct of the survey:
Quarterly
Publication of results:
Quarterly and Annual.
Reference periods:
Employment:
Moving reference week. Seven days prior to date of interview.
Seeking work:
Active job-search of the unemployed during the 4 weeks prior to the date of interview.
Availability for work:
Seven days prior to the date of interview or in the next 15 days after the date of interview.
Concepts and definitions:
Employment:
Persons, 15 years old and over, who worked at least one hour during the reference period in the government sector or in the private sector. Work includes any paid work, paid or unpaid activity in a business, completely or partially owned. Employed also include paid employees and self-employed persons who were temporary absent from work during the reference period for reasons such as own illness, vacation, holidays, reduction in economic activity (lack of customers, shortage of demand, etc.), temporary breakdown in the establishment (shutdown, shortage of raw materials, shortage of fuel, and electric or mechanical breakdown).
Unemployment:
Persons, 15 years old and over, who were not employed, but able to work, available for work and actively looking for work. Availability for work means being ready or prepared to receive work immediately, during the seven days prior to the date of interview or within 15 days following the date of interview. Actively looking for work means having taken specific steps and spent some or all time in search for work during the four weeks prior to the date of interview. Specific steps include: registration and direct application for work to employers, search for work at special workers’ gatherings or assembly places, placing or answering advertisements in newspapers, seeking assistance from friends and relatives, etc. The unemployed include persons without work, currently available for work, who did not search for work during the four weeks prior to the date of interview because they were waiting to return to their previous job or had found a job that starts later.
Underemployment:
Time-related underemployment:
Refers to employed persons who want to obtain a replacement job or an additional job and were available for such work during the reference period. Three reasons for wanting a replacement or an additional job are: current work is insufficient in terms of salary and bonuses, current work does not suit the educational qualification of the person, and the hours of work in current job are too short.
Inadequate employment situations:
Hours of work:
Refers to the number of hours actually worked during the seven days prior to the date of interview. The number is the sum of five components: (1) hours actually worked during normal periods of work; (2) overtime hours; (3) time spent at the workplace not engaged in the business activity proper, but preparing, maintaining, and cleaning work tools and equipment, or preparing receipts, time-sheets and reports, etc.; (4) time spent at workplace waiting or standing by for the provision of work materials, or the repair of mechanical or electrical damages or breakdowns, etc.; and (5) time spent at the workplace on short breaks or rest periods.
It excludes hours paid but not worked such as paid annual vacations, paid official or public holidays, and paid sick leaves. It also excludes time designated for meal breaks which normally does not exceed three hours and time spent on travel from home to the workplace and vice versa.
Employment-related income:
Income from paid employment:
Monthly income. The amount of money and other in-kind benefits received during the calendar month prior to the date of interview. It may be one of the following: (1) Wages or salaries, in cash or in-kind, received in return to work performed whether as a regular or temporary employee or a trainee. It includes overtime payments, whether in cash or in-kind. In cases of multiple jobholding, the total income from all jobs should be recorded. The inkind payments include the market value of cloths, meals, transportation, housing, and similar subsidies provided by the employer; (2) Income from self-employment, in cash or in-kind revenue obtained as an employer or own-account worker, regardless of branch of economic activity.
Income from self-employment:
No information.
Informal sector:
No information.
Usual activity:
No information.
Classifications:
Branch of economic activity (industry):
Title of the classification:
No information.
Population groups classified by industry:
Employed and unemployed persons with previous work experience.
Number of groups used for coding:
3-digit level. Results published at the 1-digit level with 17 categories.
Links to ISIC:
ISIC-Rev.3.
Occupation:
Title of the classification:
No information.
Population groups classified by occupation:
Employed and unemployed persons with previous work experience.
Number of groups used for coding:
3-digit level. Results published at the 1-digit level with 9 categories.
Links to ISCO:
ISCO-88.
Status in employment:
Title of the classification:
No information.
Population groups classified by status in employment:
Employed and unemployed persons with work experience.
Groups used for classification:
Employees, employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers, unpaid workers.
Links to ICSE:
ICSE-1993.
Education:
Title of the classification:
No information.
Population groups classified by education:
Population 15 years old and above.
Groups used for classification:
Illiterate. Read and write. Elementary education. Preparatory. Basic education. Vocational apprenticeship. Secondary education. Intermediate diploma. B.S.C. Higher Diploma and above.
Links to ISCED:
ISCED-1997.
Sample size and design:
Ultimate sampling unit:
Households.
Sample size (ultimate sampling units):
8,800 households in 440 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) that are area units or blocks.
Overall sampling fraction:
1%.
Sample frame:
Based on the enumeration areas of the 1994 Population and housing census. Each of the 12 governorates in Jordan was considered as independent stratum. In each governorate, the localities were divided into urban and rural except for the five major cities: Amman, Wadi Essier, Zarqa, Russeifa and Irbid. The urban and rural localities were then further divided into categories according to the population size of the locality, and ordered according to their geographical succession.
The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) within each stratum were divided into four categories (low, medium low, medium high, and high) according to scores calculated using socioeconomic information based on the results of the 1994 Population and Housing Census. The PSUs thus formed were ordered within each stratum according to a geographical procedure for urban and rural areas, and according to socio-economic characteristics for the major cities.
The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, a sample of 110 PSU’s was then selected according to probabilities proportional to size with a systematic selection procedure. In the second stage, after updating the frame of selected PSUs, a constant number of ultimate sampling units (20 households) were selected from each PSU using a systematic procedure from the list of households.
Updating of the sample:
The USUs are updated at the listing stage of the sampled PSUs in preparation of each new survey round.
Rotation:
Scheme:
Beginning in 2000, a rotation sample scheme was introduced according to which a sample household initially selected is retained in the sample for two consecutive rounds, leaves the sample in the next two rounds, and returns in the sample for two more consecutive rounds before leaving the sample permanently.
Percentage of units remaining in the sample for two consecutive survey rounds:
According to this design, there is an overlap of 75 percent of the sample units between consecutive quarters and 50 percent between quarters one-year apart.
Maximum number of interviews per sample unit:
No information.
Length of time for complete renewal of the sample:
One year and a half.
Field work:
Type of interview:
Personal interview with paper and pencil recording.
Number of ultimate sampling units per sample area:
20 households.
Duration of field work:
Total:
One month including updating of PSUs, selection of sample households and interviewing
Per sample area:
No information.
Survey organization:
Permanent.
Number of field staff:
Around 50 to 60 persons including interviewers and supervisors.
Substitution of non-responding ultimate sampling units:
No.
Estimation and adjustments:
Total non-response rate:
2%. Number of successfully completed interviews after three callbacks, in the four quarters of 2001 was 32,540 corresponding to 92.4% of the total sample households. Among the reasons for non-interview were dwelling closed at time of visit (4.0%), dwelling vacant (2.5%), unavailability of eligible respondent and refusal (0.6%).
Adjustment for total non-response:
Yes, by inverse of rate of response within strata.
Imputation for item non-response:
No.
Adjustment for areas/population not covered:
No.
Adjustment for undercoverage:
Yes, by ratio-estimation to projected population figures.
Adjustment for overcoverage:
No.
Adjustment for seasonal variations:
No.
History of the survey:
Title and date of the first survey:
Employment and unemployment survey, 1982.
Significant changes or revisions:
Surveys of the labour force were conducted twice in 1982, once in both 1986 and 1987. Between 1991 and 1997, surveys were conducted once or twice a year, except for 1992 when the survey was not conducted. In 1998 and 1999, three survey rounds were conducted per year covering May-June, September-October and November-December. Since the beginning of 2000, the survey has been conducted on quarterly basis.
Documentation and dissemination:
Documentation:
Survey results:
Annual Report of Employment and Unemployment Survey 2001, published in March 2002.
Survey methodology:
Annual Report of Employment and Unemployment Survey 2001, published in March 2002.
Dissemination:
Time needed for initial release of survey results:
2 months.
Advance information of public about date of initial release:
No.
Availability of unpublished data upon request:
Yes.
Availability of data in machine-readable form:
Tabulated data available in machine readable format on request.
Website:
http://www.dos.gov.jo/.