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   An association of several health micro-insurance schemes that pool part of their resources in order to provide and/or finance a number of services. These may include support and advice; training; financial services, such as establishing a guarantee fund; and the promotion of social protection with regard to health care. Several unions may form a federation. [ILO-STEP, 144]

   The parameter (day, session, prescription, etc.) used to describe the quantity of a health service utilized. The selection of a particular unit is the basis for calculating the average number of units consumed in a given year and the average unit cost, and thus for calculating premiums.
Example: If it is assumed, in the case of a hospitalization, that the unit of service is the number of hospital days, then the relevant information is the number of hospital days and the cost of one hospital day (not the total cost of hospitalization). Additional example: In the case of the provision of medicines, the unit of service employed is often the number of prescriptions. Thus, the relevant information is the number of prescriptions issued (not the number of medicines) and the cost of each prescription (not the individual cost of each medicine). [ILO-STEP, 144]

   Tax-financed benefits or transfers that are paid to all citizens or inhabitants falling into a specific category of the population (for example, families with children or people over a certain age). [ILO,ISSA,630].

   An indicator used to measure the utilization of health services over the course of a single episode of illness or a single pregnancy, and to determine whether patients are receiving proper treatment as compared to standard practices.
Example: A utilization rate of 3.5 for prenatal consultations means that, on average, pregnant women undergo 3.5 prenatal consultations per pregnancy. Additional example: A utilization rate of 1.1 for consultations means that, on average, patients undergo 1.1 consultations over the course of a single episode of illness.
The utilization rate is equal to the number of new cases plus the number of old cases divided by the number of new cases. New cases may be defined as new episodes of illness or new pregnancies ¿seen¿ by the health facility staff for the first time. If a patient must return one or more times to undergo treatment in connection with a single episode of illness or pregnancy, these new visits fall under the category of old cases.
See: episode of illness [ILO-STEP, 144]