EPLex - Danemark - Conditions de fond du licenciement

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Danemark - Conditions de fond du licenciement

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Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Motifs prohibés: état matrimonial; grossesse; congé de matérnité; avoir déposé une plainte contre l'employeur; maladie ou accident professionel temporaire; race; couleur; sexe; orientation sexuelle; religion; opinion politique; origine sociale; nationalité/origine nationale; âge; affiliation et activités syndicales; handicap; congé parental; origine ethnique

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008 as amended in December 2014, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008 as amended in December 2014, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008 as amended in December 2014, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008 as amended in December 2014, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

No ground for dismissals required in the laws reviewed.
valid grounds may be established through collective agreements.
This does not result in a total freedom to terminate the contract: it must be understood in light of the existence of prohibited grounds.
In addition sec. 2b(1) ESEA provides for the employer's obligation to pay compensation if the dismissal of an employee with at least 12 months' service which is not considered to be reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise.
(see also sec. 3 ESEA)

Remarks:

See anti-discrimination regulation:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act on Discrimination on the Labour Market, 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters, 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

On temporary illness: see sec. 5 (1) ESEA.

Without good cause:
Sec. 2b ESEA: dismissal not considered reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise entail compensation.
Sec. 3 (1) ESEA: an employer who is terminating the employment relationship without a "good cause" shall pay compensation.

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

+ show references

Obligation d'informer le travailleur des raisons du licenciement: Oui

Remarks:

- Sec. 2 (7) ESEA : At the employee's request, the employer must state the reason for dismissal. This provision only applies in respect of white-collar employees.

- Sec. 4 of the General Agreement (1973) concluded by the Danish Employers' Confederation and the Danish Confederation of trade Unions states that "in the case of dismissal of an employee who has been employed in a company for at least nine continuous months, the employee concerned is entitled to request the reason for his dismissal in writing".

Motifs autorisés (licenciement justifié): aucun

Remarks:

There is no general statutory prohibition against unfair dismissals, which means that the employer is, in principle, free to dismiss the employee.
This right can however be restricted by law or through collective agreements.
- For example, under the Employers' and Salaried Employees' Act, which only applies to salaried employees, those employees are entitled to compensation if the dismissal is "reasonably justified by the conduct of the employee or the circumstances of the enterprise" (sec. 2 (b) ESEA)
- In addition, with respect to collective agreements made under the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions and
the Confederation of Danish Employers, for example, the General Agreement [GA] between those two organisations prohibits arbitrary action in connection with dismissals of employees (sec. 4 (3) of the GA)
- Lastly, anti-discrimination laws place restriction on the employer's right to dismiss employees. [see below under prohibited grounds.]

Remarks:

There are a number of laws that protect all workers against dismissals for specific reasons:

- The Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006, prohibits discrimination due to sex. The Act also lays down special rules on the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.

- The Act (No. 1349 of 2008) on Discrimination on the Labour Market of 16 December 2008, prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination due to race, colour, religion or belief, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability or national, social or ethnic origin.

- The Act (No. 424 of 2006) on Protection against Dismissal due to Organisational Matters of 8 May 2006, protects employees against dismissal due to membership or non membership of a specific trade union and other organisation.

-National service (whether civil or military): Sec. 6 ESEA (applicable only to white-collar employees): "The fact that a salaried employee is called up for national service (whether civil or military) shall not entitle the employer to dismiss the employee (...)".

Travailleurs bénéficiant d'une protection particulière: femmes enceintes ou en congé de maternité; travailleurs avec des responsabilités familiales

Remarks:

- See art . 7 ESEA and the Consolidation Act on Equal treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment, 28 June 2006 that lays down special rules of the burden of proof in cases were an employee is dismissed during pregnancy, adoption or maternity.