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2011

CIS 12-0208 Rosenberg N.
Occupational respiratory diseases among cleaning workers
Affections respiratoires professionnelles chez les personnels de nettoyage [en francés]
Cleaning of premises involves a particularly high risk of rhinitis, asthma and asthma-like syndromes and concerns a large number of workers. Respiratory allergens that are present in the dust dispersed into air during cleaning activities may be responsible, as are the wide variety of cleaning agents which may by irritating (ammonia, Javel water, strong acids) and/or sensitizing (isothiazolinones, aldehydes, quaternary ammonium salts, aliphatic amines, surfactants and terpene derivatives). This article on respiratory allergies among cleaners also addresses the following topics: diagnosis; immunological tests; recognition of these diseases as being of occupational nature in France; prevention; limitation of exposure; substitution.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, Dec. 2011, No.128, p.683-694. Illus. 29 ref.
Affections_respiratoires_professionnelles_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [en francés]

CIS 12-0180 Bernstein J.A., Ghosh D., Sublett W.J., Wells H., Levin L.
Is trimellitic anhydride skin testing a sufficient screening tool for selectively identifying TMA-exposed workers with TMA-specific serum IgE antibodies?
Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) can elicit specific IgE-mediated immune responses leading to asthma. This single-blinded study investigated the ability of TMA skin testing to identify workers with TMA-serum specific IgE antibodies. Forty TMA-exposed workers who were previously screened for the presence of TMA-IgG and/or IgE serum specific antibodies were skin tested to a TMA-human serum albumin reagent by nurses blinded to their antibody responses. Findings from skin-prick tests were positive in 8 of 11 workers with TMA-serum specific IgE antibodies. Intracutaneous testing, performed only on skin prick testing-negative workers, was positive in two additional workers with TMA-serum specific IgE antibodies. A significant correlation was found between serum and skin test dilutions eliciting positive responses. It is concluded that TMA skin testing provides an alternative and potentially more practical method for monitoring TMA-exposed workers at risk of developing IgE sensitization.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2011, Vol.53, No.10, p.1122-1127. Illus. 20 ref.
Is_trimellitic_anhydride_skin_testing_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [en inglés]
ILO_LABORDOC_[INTRANET_ACCESS] [en inglés]

CIS 12-0155 Kelly K.J., Wang M.L., Klancnik M., Petsonk E.L.
Prevention of IgE sensitization to latex in health care workers after reduction of antigen exposures
The objective of this study was to investigate occupational latex allergy in health care workers (HCWs) before and after an intervention designed to reduce latex allergen exposure from gloves. Latex antigen concentrations in work area air ducts were measured before the intervention. Symptoms and latex sensitization were monitored annually before and after the intervention in 805 HCWs, using questionnaires and skin prick testing. The prevalence of latex sensitization before the intervention correlated with air duct latex antigen measurements for HCWs exposed to low, intermediate and high antigen levels. After the intervention, new latex sensitization rates declined 16-fold, and 25% of previously sensitized employees reverted to negative skin tests. Airborne antigen exposure is a major source of latex sensitization among HCWs. Use of powder-free latex gloves markedly reduces the risk of sensitization.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2011, Vol.53, No.8, p.934-940. 26 ref.
Prevention_of_IgE_sensitization_to_latex_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [en inglés]

CIS 12-0126 Sastre J., Carnes J., García del Potro M., Manso L., Aguado E., Fernández-Nieto M.
Occupational asthma caused by triglycidyl isocyanurate
This article reports the case of 28-year-old female worker who, four months after beginning work in a powder-coating factory, developed asthma-like symptoms. At her workplace, aluminium frames were treated with an electrostatic powder paint containing 2.5-10% triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). Various examinations were conducted (spirometry, immunological response, challenge tests). It is concluded that that TGIC inhalation induced immunologic occupational asthma, although no IgE mechanism was evidenced.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, June 2011, Vol.84, No.5, p.547-549. 9 ref.
Occupational_asthma_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [en inglés]

CIS 12-0123 Geier J., Krautheim A., Uter W., Lessmann H., Schnuch A.
Occupational contact allergy in the building trade in Germany: Influence of preventive measures and changing exposure
Since 1993, assiduous efforts have been made in Germany to lower the incidence of allergic cement dermatitis by reducing the content of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI). However, the use of epoxy resin systems in the building sector increased considerably during the same period. This study analysed data of the German Information Network of Departments of Dermatology to evaluate the influence of these changing occupational exposures on frequencies of sensitization. Data of 1,153 men working in the building sector presenting with occupational skin disease in the years 1994-2008 were analysed, taking into consideration not only the year of patch testing, but also beginning and duration of their employment in the building sector. While contact sensitization to chromate decreased from 43.1 to 29.0%, sensitization to epoxy resin increased from 8.4 to 12.4%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared to those who had already worked before 1994, patients having started to work after 1999 had a significantly decreased risk of chromate sensitization (odds ratio 0.42) and a significantly increased risk of sensitization to epoxy resin (odds ratio 2.79). Additionally, risk of thiuram sensitization increased with the duration of employment. These findings confirm that reducing Cr(VI) content of cement is useful in preventing allergic cement eczema, as previously found in Scandinavia. In contrast, the increasing prevalence of contact sensitization to epoxy resin components in the building sector is a cause for concern.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 2011, Vol.84, No.4, p.403-411. Illus. 26 ref.
Occupational_contact_allergy_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [en inglés]

CIS 11-0805 Renaudin J.M.
Occupational respiratory allergy to seafood
Allergie respiratoire professionnelle aux produits de la mer [en francés]
Occupational exposure to sea fish, shell fish or mollusca can cause rhinitis or asthma. These IgE-dependent respiratory allergies derive from a sensitization to proteins. Diagnosis rests on skin tests with the suspected products, while a bronchial provocation test may be useful for confirming a positive diagnosis of seafood asthma. Technical means of prevention involve measures for reducing the atmospheric concentrations of allergens. Medical prevention involves regular medical surveillance of exposed workers, particularly those having a history of atopy. Replaces the occupational allergy information sheet of 1987 (see 88-1566).
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd quarter 2011, No.126, p.317-329. Illus. 54 ref.
TR_51.pdf [en francés]

CIS 11-0677 Meijster T., van Duuren-Stuurman B., Heederik D., Houba R., Koningsveld E., Warren N., Tielemans E.
Cost-benefit analysis in occupational health: A comparison of intervention scenarios for occupational asthma and rhinitis among bakery workers
Use of cost-benefit analysis in occupational health increases insight into the intervention strategy that maximizes the cost-benefit ratio. This study presents a methodological framework identifying the most important elements of a cost-benefit analysis for occupational health settings. The methodology was applied to two intervention strategies focused on reducing respiratory diseases. A cost-benefit framework was developed and used to set up a calculation spreadsheet containing the inputs and algorithms required to calculate the costs and benefits for all cost elements. Inputs from a large variety of sources were used to calculate total costs, total benefits, net costs and the benefit-to-costs ratio for both intervention scenarios. Implementation of a covenant intervention program resulted in a net benefit of 16,848,546 Euros over 20 years for a population of 10,000 workers. Implementation was cost-effective for all stakeholders. For a health surveillance scenario, total benefits resulting from a decreased disease burden were estimated to be 44,659,352 Euros. The study highlights the importance of considering different perspectives (employers, employees and other constituents among members of society) in assessing and sharing the costs and benefits of interventions.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2011, Vol.68, No.10, p.739-745. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 11-0669 Heinrich S., Peters A., Kellberger J., Ellenberg D., Genuneit J., Nowak D., Vogelberg C., von Mutius E., Weinmayr G., Radon K.
Study on occupational allergy risks (SOLAR II) in Germany: Design and methods
SOLAR II is the 2nd follow-up of a population-based cohort recruited in Munich and Dresden in 1995/6. A first follow-up study was conducted 2002 and 2003 (SOLAR I). The aims of SOLAR II were to investigate the course of atopic diseases over puberty taking environmental and occupational risk factors into account. This article describes the methods of the 2nd follow-up carried out from 2007 to 2009 and the challenges faced while studying a population-based cohort of young adults. Wherever possible, the same questionnaire instruments were used throughout the studies. They included questions on respiratory and allergic diseases, domestic and occupational exposure and work related stress. Furthermore, clinical examinations including skin prick tests, spirometry and bronchial challenge with methacholine, exhaled nitric oxide and blood samples were employed at baseline and 2nd follow-up. Of the 3053 SOLAR I study participants who had agreed to be contacted again, about 50% had moved in the meantime and had to be traced using phone directories and the German population registries. Overall, 2904 of these participants could be contacted on average five years after the first follow-up. From this group, 2051 subjects (71%) completed the questionnaire they received via mail. Of these, 57% participated at least in some parts of the clinical examinations. Challenges faced included the high mobility of this age group. Time constraints and limited interest in the study were substantial. Analysing the results, selection bias had to be considered as questionnaire responders (54%) and those participating in the clinical part of the study (63%) were more likely to have a high parental level of education compared to non-participants (42%). Similarly, a higher prevalence of parental atopy (such as allergic rhinitis) at baseline was found for participants in the questionnaire part (22%) and those participating in the clinical part of the study (27%) compared to non-participants (11%).
Public Health, 2011, Vol.11, No.298, 11 p. (Internet document).
Study_on_occupational_allergy_risks.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0666 Broding H.C., Frank P., Hoffmeyer F., Bünger J.
Course of occupational asthma depending on the duration of workplace exposure to allergens - A retrospective cohort study in bakers and farmers
This study investigated the importance of exposure duration, work cessation, and confounding factors on allergic obstructive airway disease in bakers and farmers. Patients with confirmed allergic occupational airway disease registered in a German Occupational Health Inspectorate received a mailed questionnaire on their respiratory health and employment status. Relations between duration of exposure and course of disease were analyzed by multi-factorial logistic regression. A total of 178 patients (65 farmers and 113 bakers) aged between 24 and 74 were included in the analysis. Farmers had much more severe respiratory complaints than bakers, with a significantly larger proportion having been employed over ten years (farmers 77.5% and bakers 36.6%). Other findings are discussed.
AAEM - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2011, Vol.18, p.35-40. Illus. 19 ref.
Course_of_occupational_asthma.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0540 Barruyer C.
Occupational allergies - More and more reactions
Allergies professionnelles - De plus en plus de réactions [en francés]
It is estimated that 15% of adult-onset asthma cases have occupational causes. In the construction sector, painters and woodworkers are particularly affected by occupational asthma. More than three hundred and fifty occupational allergens have been identified, but only a handful is responsible for most cases of allergy within the construction sector. This article addresses allergy hazards and preventive measures in the construction sector, essentially asthma and eczema.
Prévention BTP, May 2011, No.141, p.48-50. Illus.

CIS 11-0496 Voelter-Mahlknecht S.F.
Occupational asthma
Occupational asthma is defined as "a disease of variable airflow limitations and/or airway hyper-responsiveness due to causes and conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not stimuli that are being encountered outside the workplace". An analysis of general population-based studies published up to 2007 showed that 17.6% of all adult onset asthma is due to workplace exposures. In this article, various aspects of occupational asthma are briefly reviewed.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2011, Vol.2, No.32, p.76-81. 40 ref.
Occupational_asthma.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0357 Mäkelä R., Kauppi P., Suuronen K., Tuppurainen M., Hannu T.
Occupational asthma in professional cleaning work: A clinical study
Several epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of asthma among professional cleaners. The aim of this study was to describe the cases of occupational asthma (OA) diagnosed at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) during the period 1994-2004 among workers employed in professional cleaning work. OA was diagnosed according to patient history, lung function examinations and specific challenge tests with measurements of one-second forced expiratory volume and peak expiratory flow values. The series comprised 20 patients, all female, with a mean age of 48.8 years, a mean duration of cleaning work before the onset of the respiratory symptoms of 14.3 years and a mean duration of cleaning work before the FIOH examinations of 18.6 years. OA was triggered by chemicals in 9 cases and by moulds in 11 cases. The chemicals were cleaning chemicals (wax-removing substances containing ethanolamines in five cases and a cleaning agent containing chloramine-T in one case) and chemicals used in the industrial processes at workplaces (three cases). Of the moulds, the most frequently associated with OA was Aspergillus fumigatus (nine cases). Implications of these findings are discussed.
Occupational Medicine, 2011, Vol.61, p.121-126. 29 ref.

CIS 11-0056 Epling C., Duncan J., Archibong E., Østbye T., Pompeii L.A., Dement J.
Latex allergy symptoms among health care workers: Results from a university health and safety surveillance system
The objective of this study was to describe risk factors for latex glove allergy symptoms among health care workers by combining data from an active clinical surveillance programme and a comprehensive occupational health surveillance system. A total of 4584 health care workers at a university hospital in the United States completed a latex allergy questionnaire. Six percent (276 subjects) reported symptoms consistent with latex allergy. Years of latex glove use was a significant risk factor for latex allergy symptoms even after controlling for the effects of atopy, gender, age, race and other allergies. Nurses, medical or lab technicians, physician's assistants, other clinical professionals and housekeepers had the highest prevalence of latex glove allergy symptoms. Forty subjects were confirmed as having latex sensitization. Implications of these findings are discussed.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1st quarter 2011, Vol. 17, No.1, p.17-23. 28 ref.

2010

CIS 11-0665 Allan K.M., Murphy E., Ayres J.G.
Assessment of respiratory health surveillance for laboratory animal workers
Occupational asthma is the most common work-related respiratory disease in the United Kingdom. Individuals whose work potentially puts them at risk include those exposed to laboratory animals. Workplace health surveillance programmes aim to minimize these health risks but are recognized to be challenging to implement effectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the respiratory health surveillance programme provided by an occupational health service (OHS) to individuals potentially exposed to respiratory sensitizers at work with laboratory animals. Case notes from the OHS respiratory health surveillance programme over a two-year period were examined. Symptom detection by the OHS surveillance questionnaire was compared to a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The surveillance spirometry records were audited against good standards of practice. The current surveillance appears to be effective in identifying potential cases of occupational asthma. Modification of the questionnaire content and layout might improve response rates. This study suggests that spirometry does not detect new cases other than those already identified by questionnaire.
Occupational Medicine, Sep. 2010, Vol.60, No.6, p.458-463. 16 ref.
Assessment_of_respiratory_health_surveillance.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0509 Nicholson P.J., Mayho G.V., Roomes D., Swann A.B., Blackburn B.S.
Health surveillance of workers exposed to laboratory animal allergens
Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) remains prevalent among workers exposed to laboratory animals. Pre-placement and health surveillance procedures vary between different employers. The objective of this literature survey was to determine evidence-based strategies for pre-placement and periodic health assessments for workers exposed to laboratory animals. Based on the findings, it is recommended that laboratory animal workers should have a baseline health assessment that includes a health questionnaire, face-to-face assessment and spirometry. Identification of specific immunoglobulin E to common aero-allergens and to domestic and laboratory animal allergens may be used to identify workers who would benefit from further advice about managing their exposure, where risk assessment indicates that this might be prudent. Thereafter health surveillance should be performed by administering an appropriate health questionnaire, covering upper and lower respiratory, eye and skin symptoms on exposure, and wheals with animal scratches. The questionnaire should be administered at increased frequency for the first few years, the frequency being determined by a risk assessment. When workers develop new symptoms suggestive of LAA or where an asthmatic employee experiences deterioration either in symptoms or in control, they should be assessed further and a multicause multidisciplinary investigation performed.
Occupational Medicine, 2010, Vol.60, p.591-597. 50 ref.

CIS 11-0201 Sato M., Yoshiki H., Horie M., Yano E.
A case report of acute dermatitis that developed during an experiment examining the bromination of 3-hexylthiophene
This article presents a case of acute allergic dermatitis that was likely to have been induced by 3-hexylthiophene, an aromatic compound often contained in fragrance substances. The case, who was a 27-year male researcher engaged in organic chemical synthesis for six years, was exposed to 3-hexylthiophene and its product (2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene) through an experiment in May 2004 and itching, swelling and eczema immediately developed from face to back. This case of sensitization to 3-hexylthiophene suggests that it be a possible allergen for fragrance allergy.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 2010, No.5:3. 4p. Illus. 16 ref.
A_case_report.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0193 McHugh M.K., Symanski E., Pompeii L.A., Delclos G.L.
Prevalence of asthma by industry and occupation in the U.S. working population
Workers are potentially exposed to asthmagens daily. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma among working adults in the United States by industry and occupation. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2004), multiple logistic regression was used to investigate associations between industry and occupation and current asthma as defined by positive responses to "Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you have asthma?" and "Do you still have asthma?" Workers in mining (17.0%), teaching (13.1%) and health-related industries (12.5%) had the highest prevalence of asthma. Compared to construction industry workers, the adjusted odds ratios for workers in mining and health-related activities were 5.2 and 2.3 respectively. Implications of these findings are discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2010, Vol.53, p.463-475. 45 ref.

CIS 11-0219 Crépy M.N.
Occupational allergic skin diseases to metals. First part: contact allergies to nickel
Dermatoses professionnelles allergiques aux métaux. Première partie: allergie de contact au nickel [en francés]
Occupational allergic skin diseases to nickel are mainly allergic contact dermatitis. Metallic nickel is present in the composition of many alloys and is widely used in industry. Exposed occupations include metalworkers, hairdressers, motor mechanics, cashiers, shopkeepers in contact with coins, construction workers and workers in the healthcare, food and cleaning sectors. Nickel metal and its salts are allergenic. The risk of sensitization depends on the amount of nickel ion released into the environment and the skin concentration of nickel. It is the allergen with the highest prevalence of positive patch tests. The etiological diagnosis is based on history, physical examination and testing for suspected allergy. Professional relevance of positive patch tests to nickel should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Prevention involves implementing all possible measures to reduce exposure. There exists a EU directive limiting the release of nickel from alloy objects: this includes jewellery, some personal items but it does not include coins or work tools. Occupational allergic skin diseases to nickel are compensated in France under Table 37 of occupational diseases in the general system of Social Security and under Table 44 for the agricultural system.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, Mar. 2010, No.121, p.91-103. Illus. 80 ref.
TA_84.pdf [en francés]

CIS 10-0839 Page E.H., Dowell C.H., Mueller C.A., Biagini R.E., Heederik D.
Exposure to flour dust and sensitization among bakery employees
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a study to determine prevalences of sensitization to bakery-associated antigens (BAAs) and work-related respiratory symptoms at a large commercial bakery. Measurements included personal breathing zone (PBZ) and general area (GA) monitoring for inhalable flour dust, α-amylase and wheat. Data were also collected by means of questionnaires and participants were subjected to blood tests for IgE specific to flour dust, wheat, α-amylase and common aeroallergens. Of 186 bakery employees, 161 completed the questionnaire and 96 allowed their blood to be drawn. The geometric mean PBZ and GA inhalable flour dust concentrations for the lower-exposure group was 0.235 mg/m³, and for the higher-exposure group was 3.01 mg/m³. Employees in the higher-exposure group had significantly higher prevalences of work-related wheezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, and frequent sneezing than the lower-exposure group. The prevalences of IgE specific to wheat, flour dust and α-amylase were significantly higher among employees who ever had a job in the higher-exposure group or in production at another bakery. Despite knowledge of the risks of exposure to flour, bakery employees in the United States are still at risk of sensitization and respiratory symptoms from exposure to high levels of BAA.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2010, Vol.53, p.1225-1232. 24 ref.

CIS 10-0525 Rimac D., Macan J., Varnai V.M., Vučemilo M., Matković K., Prester L., Orct T., Trošić I., Pavičić I.
Exposure to poultry dust and health effects in poultry workers: Impact of mould and mite allergens
The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to moulds and house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in poultry farms, and related health effects in poultry workers. The study involved 41 poultry workers and 45 unexposed office workers as controls. The working environment was evaluated for D. pteronyssinus allergen, moulds and endotoxin. Among the workers, eye, skin and respiratory symptoms, ventilatory lung function, atopy markers (skin prick test to inhalatory allergens, total IgE) and specific IgG to moulds were assessed. The poultry houses contained hazardous levels of D. pteronyssinus allergen, endotoxin and moulds, and a high prevalence of work-related symptoms and IgG antibodies to moulds was found among poultry workers. Healthy worker effect is proposed as an explanation of the low prevalence of atopy markers among poultry workers.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 2010, Vol.83, No.1, p.9-19. Illus. 43 ref.
Exposure_to_poultry_dust.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0545 Pignatti P., Pala G., Pisati M., Perfetti L., Banchieri G., Moscato G.
Nasal blown secretion evaluation in specific occupational nasal challenges
The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of nasal blown secretion evaluation during specific nasal provocation tests (sNPT) in diagnosing occupational rhinitis (OR). To validate the method, nasal blown secretions from 103 healthy subjects and 30 allergic rhinitis patients were analysed. Furthermore, nasal blown secretions of 29 subjects with work-related rhinitis symptoms (WRRS) who underwent the diagnostic pathway for OR were collected before and after sNPT, and analysed. Rhinoscopy and nasal symptom score were used to define a positive sNPT. A total of 89.6% WRRS subjects provided suitable nasal secretions. Eosinophils significantly increased after positive sNPT compared to negative sNPT. Four percent and/or 1 × 104 eosinophils/mL was the cut-off for a significant post-sNPT eosinophil increase. A total of 4/13 (33%) WRRS subjects with negative sNPT, assessed by rhinoscopy and nasal symptom score, presented a significant post-sNPT nasal eosinophil increase, and were identified as possible OR. It is concluded that eosinophil evaluation in nasal blown secretions is an important tool in monitoring the response to occupational specific nasal challenges.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 2010, Vol.83, No.2, p.217-223. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 10-0388 Crépy M.N.
Allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in occupational settings - Classification by occupation
Allergènes responsables de dermatites de contact allergiques en milieu de travail - Classement par secteur d'activité professionnelle [en francés]
This article lists the main allergens reported in literature as having the potential to cause contact dermatitis, classified by sector or activity. It provides a first indication in the etiological investigation carried out by the occupational physician, the dermatologist or the allergologist faced with an eczema occurring in occupational settings.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2010, No.123, p.319-341. Illus. 114 ref.
TA_86.pdf [en francés]

CIS 10-0382 Paulsen E., Christensen L.P., Andersen K.E.
Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present and future
Common ivy (Hedera helix subsp. helix) is a well-known native and ornamental plant in Europe. Contact dermatitis from ivy has been regularly reported since 1899. Recently, it has been suggested that allergic contact dermatitis from the plant may be under-diagnosed, partly due to lack of commercial patch test allergens. This article presents the results of patch testing with the main common ivy allergen, falcarinol, during a 16-year period and reviews the newer literature. Cases published since 1987 were retrieved from the PubMed database. One hundred and twenty-seven Danish patients were tested with falcarinol and 10 (7.9%) tested positive. Seven were occupationally sensitized. Between 1994 and 2009, 28 new cases of contact dermatitis from ivy were reported, two of which were occupational. Only 11 of the 28 patients were tested with pure allergens. Falcarinol is not only widely distributed in the ivy family, but also in the closely related Apiaceae. Sensitization may occur in childhood or in adults pruning ivy plants or handling them in an occupational setting. In view of the ubiquity of falcarinol-containing plants and the relatively high prevalence of positive reactions in aimed patch testing, falcarinol should be considered as a priority plant allergen for commercial availability and inclusion in the plant series worldwide.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2010, Vol.62, No.4, p.201-209. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 10-0344 Heo Y., Lee S.H., Kim S.H., Lee S.H., Kim H.A.
Public facility workers' immunological characteristics involved with development of respiratory allergic diseases in Korea
The immuno-pulmonary status of employees working at public facilities was evaluated to determine whether they are at greater risk of developing respiratory allergies. Fifty-two employees from child daycare centres, elderly nursing homes, subway stations and hypermarkets, and 17 office workers were recruited. All were subjected to a skin prick test (SPT) for 25 aeroallergens and the methacholine bronchial challenge test. Various immunological parameters, including plasma IgE and IgG4 levels, hematology parameters and in vitro cytokine production from peripheral T cells, were assessed. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were also determined. Of the facility employees, 54% responded to the SPT, and house dust mite induced positive skin reactions most frequently. Compared to the SPT-negative facility employees and the office workers, the SPT-positive facility employees had upregulated plasma IgE levels and eosinophil frequency in their peripheral blood. Findings are discussed. This study suggests that workers at public facilities could show greater risk towards the development of respiratory allergic diseases.
Industrial Health, Mar. 2010, Vol.48, No.2, p.171-177. 32 ref.
Public_facility_workers.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0106 Rosenberg N.
Respiratory allergies caused by natural gums
Allergies respiratoires professionnelles dues aux gommes naturelles [en francés]
Occupational respiratory sensitization to natural gums concerns workers exposed to powders or aerosols of these substances, mainly in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and paper industries, as well as health care personnel. Contents of this article on respiratory allergies caused by natural gums: physiopathology; prevalence; diagnosis at the place of work; confirmation of the diagnosis in specialized settings; progression; prevention; compensation.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 2010, No.122, p.209-219. Illus. 46 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TR%2049/$File/TR49.pdf [en francés]

CIS 10-0084 Vander Hulst K., Kerre S., Goossens A.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from tetrazepam in nurses
Tetrazepam is a muscle relaxant belonging to the benzodiazepine group. Drug eruptions following ingestion of tetrazepam tablets are well known. The objective of this study was to draw the attention to occupational airborne dermatitis and/or hand dermatitis among nurses involved in crushing of tablets for elderly or disabled people. Since 2003, 16 nurses with facial (eyelid) and/or hand dermatitis, suspected to be of occupational origin, were patch tested in the dermatology department of a Belgian hospital with the medication they handled during work. Ten nurses presented with a positive patch test reaction to tablets containing tetrazepam, 14 controls remaining negative. Some of them also reacted to other drugs. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Contact Dermatitis, May 2010, Vol.62, No.5, p.303-308. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 10-0083 Thyssen J.P., Skare L., Lundgren L., Menné T., Johansen J.D., Maibach H.I., Lidén C.
Sensitivity and specificity of the nickel spot (dimethylglyoxime) test
The EN 1811 European standard describes a sensitive reference method to estimate nickel release from products with direct and prolonged skin contact. Because assessments according to EN 1811 are expensive to perform, time consuming and possibly destructive of the test item, a non-destructive screening test such as the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) nickel spot could be useful. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the DMG test, spot testing, chemical analysis according to EN 1811 and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were performed on 96 metallic components from earrings recently purchased in San Francisco. The DMG test was found to have a high specificity but a modest sensitivity. It may serve well for screening purposes.
Contact Dermatitis, May 2010, Vol.62, No.5, p.279-288. Illus. 40 ref.

2009

CIS 11-0845 Goldcamp M.J., Goldcamp D.M., Ashley K., Fernback J.E., Agrawal A., Millson M., Marlow D., Harrison K.
Extraction of beryllium from refractory beryllium oxide with dilute ammonium bifluoride and determination by fluorescence: A multiparameter performance evaluation
Beryllium exposure can cause a number of deleterious health effects, including beryllium sensitization and the potentially fatal chronic beryllium disease. Efficient methods for monitoring beryllium contamination in workplaces are valuable to help prevent dangerous exposures to this element. In this work, performance data on the extraction of beryllium from various size fractions of high-fired beryllium oxide (BeO) particles (from <32 μm up to 212 μm) using dilute aqueous ammonium bifluoride (ABF) solution were obtained under various conditions. Beryllium concentrations were determined by fluorescence using a hydroxybenzoquinoline fluorophore. The effects of ABF concentration and volume, extraction temperature, sample tube types, and presence of filter or wipe media were examined. Findings are discussed.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Dec. 2009, Vol.6, No.10, p.735-744. Illus. 22 ref.
Extraction_of_beryllium.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0547 van Rooy F.G.B.G.J., Houba R., Palmen N., Zengeni M.M., Sander I., Spithoven J., Rooyackers J.M., Heederik D.J.J.
A cross-sectional study among detergent workers exposed to liquid detergent enzymes
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate sensitisation and respiratory health among workers who produce liquid detergent products and handle liquid detergent enzymes. It involved 109 workers of a detergent products plant, who were interviewed for respiratory and allergic symptoms and who provided blood samples to examine sensitisation to enzymes. Those sensitised to ≥1 enzymes were referred for clinical evaluation. Workers and representatives were interviewed to characterise exposure qualitatively and estimate exposure semi-quantitatively. Workers were classified into three exposure groups with varying exposure profiles to enzymes, based on frequency, duration and level of exposure. Workers were exposed to proteases, alpha-amylases, lipase and cellulases. The highest exposures occurred in the mixing area. Liquid spills with concentrated enzyme preparations and leakage of enzymes during weighing, transportation and filling were causing workplace contaminations and subsequently leading to both dermal and inhalation exposure for workers. Workers with the highest exposures reported significantly more work-related symptoms of itching nose (prevalence ratio PR 4.2) and sneezing (PR 4.0) and marginally significant more symptoms of wheezing (PR 2.9) compared with the least exposed group. Fifteen workers (14.2%) were sensitised to ≥1 enzymes. A marginally-statistically significant gradient in sensitisation across the exposure categories was found. There was a clinical case of occupational asthma and two others with probable occupational rhinitis. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2009, Vol.66, No.11, p.759-765. 30 ref.

CIS 10-0799 Warren N., Meijster T., Heederik D., Tielemans E.
A dynamic population-based model for the development of work-related respiratory health effects among bakery workers
This article presents a dynamic population-based model for the development of sensitization and respiratory symptoms in bakery workers. The model simulates a population of individual workers longitudinally, and tracks the development of work-related sensitization and respiratory symptoms in each worker. The model has three components: a multi-stage disease model describing the development of sensitisation and respiratory symptoms in each worker over time; an exposure model describing occupational exposure to flour dust and allergens; and a basic population model describing the length of a worker's career in the bakery sector and the influx of new workers. Each worker's disease state is modelled independently using a discrete time Markov Chain, updated yearly using each individual's simulated exposure. A Bayesian analysis of data from a recent epidemiological study provided estimates of the yearly transition probabilities between disease states. For non-atopic/non-sensitised workers the estimated probabilities of developing moderate (upper respiratory) symptoms and progression to severe (lower respiratory) symptoms are 0.4% and 1.1% per mg/m³/year of flour dust, respectively, and approximately twice these for atopic workers. The model predicts that 36% of workers with severe symptoms are sensitised to wheat and 22% to α-amylase. The predicted mean latency period for respiratory symptoms was 10.3 years.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2009, Vol.66, No.12, p.810-817. Illus. 39 ref.
A_dynamic_population-based_model.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0243 Euler E.
Evidence-based guidelines
Evidenz-basierte Leitlinie [en alemán]
Chronic berylliosis is a granulomatous systemic illness that is difficult to distinguish from sarcoidosis. A project was therefore set up in Germany to develop evidence-based guidelines on the prevention of chronic beryllium disease. This article presents the current stage of development of the project and the methods applied for a systematic literature search.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2009, Vol.59, No.10, p.316-318. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 10-0219 Heutelbeck A.R.R., Hallier E.
Prevention of cattle allergy in agriculture: Experience with work clothing impermeable to allergens
Aktuelles zur Prävention der berufsbedingten Rinderallergie in der Landwirtschaft: Erfahrungen mit allergendichter Arbeitskleidung [en alemán]
This study evaluates the first experience with allergen impermeable work clothing worn by 24 farmers with allergic respiratory disorders due to cattle. The results show that protective clothes that are impermeable to occupational allergens may be a suitable complement to traditional work clothing and may lead to an improvement of the symptoms. Skin symptoms such as itching or erythema also lessened when wearing impermeable clothes.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Apr. 2009, Vol.59, No.4, p.98-104. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 09-1336 Meijster T., Tielemans E., Heederik D.
Effect of an intervention aimed at reducing the risk of allergic respiratory disease in bakers: Change in flour dust and fungal alpha-amylase levels
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention programme aimed at reducing exposure to flour dust in the bakery products industry in the Netherlands. Data from several measurement surveys collected before and after the intervention were used to evaluate exposure over time. Measurements were based on personal sampling and analysis of flour dust and fungal α-amylase concentrations. The limited reduction in exposure levels indicates that a more rigorous approach is needed to substantially decrease the exposure levels to flour dust and related allergens.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2009, Vol.66, No.8, p.543-549. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 09-886 Lessmann H., Uter W., Schnuch A., Geier J.
Skin sensitizing properties of the ethanolamines mono-, di-, and triethanolamine. Data analysis of a multicentre surveillance network (IVDK*) and review of the literature
Numerous publications address the skin sensitizing potential of the short chain alkanolamines triethanolamine (TEA), diethanolamine (DEA), monoethanolamine (MEA), which are not skin sensitizing according to animal studies. In this work, data of the literature on MEA, DEA and TEA as well as data of a multicentre surveillance network were analyzed. For TEA, patch test data of 85,098 patients were examined. Altogether, 323 patients (0.4%) tested positive. The profile of patch test reactions indicates a slightly irritant potential rather than a true allergic response in many cases. The risk of sensitization to TEA seems to be very low. For MEA and DEA, patch tests in 9602 and 8791 patients, respectively revealed a prevalence of contact allergy of 3.8% and 1.8%. Chronic damage to the skin barrier, the alkalinity of ethanolamines and other cofactors may contribute to a notable sensitization risk.
Contact Dermatitis, May 2009, Vol.60, No.5, p.243-255. 83 ref.

2008

CIS 09-562 Jeebhay M.F., Robins T.G., Miller M.E., Bateman E., Smuts M., Baatjies R., Lopata A.L.
Occupational allergy and asthma among salt water fish processing workers
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of allergic symptoms, allergic sensitization, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma among workers processing saltwater fish. Subjects were 594 workers in two processing plants who responded to a modified European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire and who underwent skin tests using extracts of common airborne allergens, fresh fish and fishmeal, as well as spirometry and methacholine challenge tests. Findings are discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2008, Vol.51, No.11, p.899-910. 50 ref.

CIS 09-165
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Skin sensitization in chemical risk assessment
This harmonization project activity in 2006 focused on skin sensitization in chemical risk assessment. An IPCS international workshop was convened from 17-18 October 2006, in Berlin, Germany with the aim of evaluating experimental techniques for their ability to produce data to inform risk assessment, including provision of dose-response information and information relating to sensitive sub-populations. The workshop focused on whether it is possible to distinguish between chemicals with a high potency to elicit allergic skin reactions and those with a low potency. Emerging approaches, such as structure activity relationships (SAR), were explored. The meeting also explored whether assessment approaches for skin sensitization could inform approaches for the respiratory tract.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2008. iv, 85p. Illus. Bibl.ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/methods/harmonization/areas/skin_sensitization.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 08-1328 Bakers' asthma
L'asthme du boulanger [en francés]
Flour is the primary cause of occupational asthma in France. Bakers are constantly exposed to flour dust in the course of their job and are the most affected. Respiratory allergies (asthma and rhinitis) are particularly common in this occupation and can arise at any given time during bakers' careers. Among workers notifying these diseases, one in four is a baker. Contents of this Internet document on bakers' asthma: prevention initiatives of the French national occupational disease insurance for salaried workers (CNAMTS); simple and effective prevention measures; information aimed at bakers; joint initiatives with machinery suppliers; "Safer tools 2008" campaign; educational and recreational comic book.
Caisse Nationale de l'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés (CNAMTS), 26-50 av. du professeur André Lemierre, 75986 Paris cedex 20, France, 2008. Internet document (HTML format). 8 ref.
http://www.risquesprofessionnels.ameli.fr/fr/AccueilDossiers/AccueilDossiers_asthmeboulanger_1.php [en francés]

CIS 08-1303 Rosenberg N.
Occupational allergic respiratory diseases among painters
Affections respiratoires professionnelles allergiques chez les peintres [en francés]
Occupational allergic respiratory diseases observed among painters essentially consist of rhinitis and asthma. Products likely to cause respiratory allergies include constituents of polyurethane, amine, phenolic and epoxy resins, inorganic (chromates, cobalt) and organic (azo) pigments, formaldehyde, and additives such as aromatic amines and polyfunctional aziridines. Dust levels found in the work environment can also be a causal factor. This article also discusses physiopathological mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention (limitation of exposure) and rules applying to the compensation of these diseases in France.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, June 2008, No.114, p.273-284. Illus. 39 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TR%2043/$File/TR43.pdf [en francés]

CIS 08-1463 Seitz C.S., Bröcker E.B., Trautmann A.
Occupational allergy due to seafood delivery: Case report
Sensitization to fish or crustaceans requires intensive skin contact and/or airway exposure. This article presents the case of a truck driver delivering seafood for 10 years, and who neglected preventive measures such as wearing gloves and protective clothing. Despite his sensitization to fish and crustaceans, he tried to remain in his job but with ongoing allergen exposure: his symptoms progressed from initial contact urticaria to generalized urticaria, anaphylaxis and finally asthma. Among predisposed atopic individuals, even minor exposure to seafood allergens may lead to occupational allergy. With ongoing allergen exposure, progression to potentially life-threatening symptoms may occur.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, May 2008, Vol.3, No.11, 3p. 14 ref.

2007

CIS 09-456 Krakowiak A., Wiszniewska M., Krawczyk P., Szulc B., Wittczak T., Walusiak J., Pałczynski C.
Risk factors associated with airway allergic disease from exposure to laboratory animal allergens among veterinarians
This study examines the risk factors for the development of occupational airway allergy (OAA) from exposure to laboratory animal allergens (LAA) among Polish veterinarians. Two hundred veterinarians responded to the questionnaire and were subjected to skin prick tests for common allergens and LAA (rat, mouse, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit). Evaluation of total serum IgE level and specific IgE against occupational allergens was performed. The prevalence of asthmatic and ocular symptoms was statistically more prevalent in the group of veterinarians sensitised to LAA versus non-sensitised subjects. The most frequent occupational allergens of skin and serum reactivity were LAA (44.5 and 31.5%, respectively). In 41 (20.5%) and in 22 (11%) subjects, serum specific IgE to natural rubber latex allergens and disinfectants was also found. Serum sensitisation to cat allergens and daily contact with laboratory animals (LA) increased the risk for developing occupational rhinitis. Furthermore, having worked more than 10 years and daily contact with LA were also significant risk factors for the development of OAA. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, May 2007, Vol.80, No.6, p.465-475. Illus. 41 ref.

CIS 08-1286 Ould-Kadi F., Nawrot T.S., Hoet P.H., Nemery B.
Respiratory function and bronchial responsiveness among industrial workers exposed to different classes of occupational agents: A study from Algeria
This cross-sectional study investigated lung function parameters and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine in workers exposed to various compounds. The study group consisted of 546 male subjects of whom 114 were exposed to welding fumes, 106 to solvents, 107 to inorganic dust, 97 to organic dust and 123 without known exposure to airway irritants. Participants were administered a questionnaire, subjected to spirometry and tested for bronchial responsiveness to histamine before work to prevent effects of acute exposure. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 39.3 (7.8) years, with a mean duration of employment of 13.8 (6.6) years. Both before and after adjustment for smoking status, FEV₁ was lower among welders (-4.0%) and workers exposed to solvents (-5.6%) than in control subjects. Furthermore, solvent workers had an odds ratio of 3.43 for bronchial hyperresponsiveness compared with the reference group. Other findings are discussed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Oct. 2007, Vol.2, No.11, 8p. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 08-1211 Heutelbeck A.R.R., Janicke N., Hilgers R., Kütting B., Drexler H., Hallier E., Bickeböller H.
German cattle allergy study (CAS): Public health relevance of cattle-allergic farmers
This study involved farmers from all regions of Germany who were reported to the Agricultural Institutions for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention (Landwirtschaftliche Berufsgenossenschaften) between 1990 and 2002 with a suspected occupational cattle-allergic airways disease. A total of 513 patients were identified considering following parameters: age, gender, onset of airways symptoms related to contact with cattle, beginning of employment disability, total and specific Immunoglobulin E against cattle allergens, and lung function.. Of these patients, 24.8% showed cattle-related symptoms of asthma, 11.7% of rhinitis, and 60% of both asthma and rhinitis. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nov. 2007, Vol.81, No.2, p.201-208. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 08-591 Skin protection in dental laboratories - Suddenly an allergy appeared
Hautschutz im Dentallabor - Und plötzlich war die Allergie da [en alemán]
This article describes the case of a female dental assistant working without gloves or skin protection. After about 30 years of practicing this occupation, she developed eczema on the hands for the first time, followed by clacks on the fingertips and on the palms. Her fingers then swelled to such an extent that she was no longer able to work. Skin examinations revealed allergies to various allergens typically found in the plastics used in dentistry. Recommended measures included wearing two superposed protective gloves, namely a plastic film glove under a nitrile rubber glove, together with the use of a skin protective cream and skin care. After an adaptation period of a few weeks for getting used to working with the gloves, she was able to work again. This case clearly shows that allergies can declare themselves after many years of daily contact with a substance, and highlights the need to adopt protective measures right from the first day of work.
Arbeit und Gesundheit, 2007, No.12, p.14-15. Illus.

CIS 08-649 Gil Micharet M.S., Barriga Medina F.J., Pérez de Villar Grande J.A.
Alergia al latex en los trabajadores sanitarios (I). Vigilancia de la salud
Latex allergy is an important health issue among heath services workers given its high prevalence and the severity of reactions it can cause. Following a brief overview of the epidemiology and clinical data of latex allergies, this article goes on to propose a medical surveillance protocol for identifying workers likely to develop latex sensitization, and to make an early diagnosis allowing the implementation of measures for avoiding the incidence and progress of the disease.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Sep. 2007, Vol.LIII, No.208, p.53-61. 32 ref.

CIS 08-334 Brasseur G., Ravallec C.
Allergies in occupational settings - A disease of the times
Allergies en milieu professionnel - Un mal dans l'air du temps [en francés]
Topic addressed in this special feature on allergies in occupational settings: interview of an occupational physician working in the dermatology department of two French hospitals; respiratory allergies; allergic risks in care institutions; prevention approach aimed at apprentice bakers; account of a baker who is continuing to work in his field while being allergic to flour; screening for causal agents; allergies among hairdressers.
Travail et sécurité, Sep. 2007, No.676, p.18-31. Illus. 4 ref.
http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/archivests/archivests.nsf/(alldocparref)/TS676page18_1/$file/TS676page18.pdf?openelement [en francés]

CIS 08-383 Crépy M.N.
Occupational skin diseases caused by rubber
Dermatoses professionnelles au caoutchouc [en francés]
Occupational allergies to rubber are common. They are mostly caused by gloves. Occupational skin diseases are either of the "immediate allergy" type with urticaria, rhinitis, asthma and risk of anaphylaxis, or of the "delayed allergy" type, with contact allergic eczema. The main allergens are latex proteins, as well as various sulfur-containing vulcanization agents. IPPD-type antioxidants also have a strong allergic potential. They are found in black rubber, mainly in the automobile sector and in the rubber goods industry. Prevention is based on a more widespread use of latex substitutes and less-allergenic additives. When the wear of latex gloves cannot be avoided (such as in cases of infection risks), gloves with a low latex protein content should be favoured, with little or no powder.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, Mar. 2007, No.109, p.73-86. Illus. 87 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TA%2075/$File/TA75.pdf [en francés]

CIS 08-86 Jully H.
Alergias oculares: diagnóstico adecuado en los lugares de trabajo
Allergies oculaires: bien les repérer en milieu professionnel [en francés]
Determinadas sustancias que se utilizan en el trabajo pueden provocar o agravar las alergias oculares. En el sector de la construcción, los polvos de cemento constituyen el alergeno más común. También existen agentes sensibilizantes en barnices, colas, productos anti-corrosión, detergentes, desinfectantes, colorantes, aditivos de materiales plásticos y de caucho, y resinas epoxi. El efecto más frecuente es una conjuntivitis crónica, asociada o no a rinitis, un eczema de palpebral o, incluso, un asma alérgico. La prevención pasa por la utilización de productos menos alergizantes, si existen, una adecuada higiene (lavado de las manos, ducha al final de la jornada laboral) y la utilización de gafas protectoras
Prévention BTP, May 2007, No.96, p.51-52. Illus.

2006

CIS 08-579 McDonald J.C., Beck M.H., Chen Y., Cherry N.M.
Incidence by occupation and industry of work-related skin diseases in the United Kingdom, 1996-2001
The objective of this study was to summarize incidence rates of work-related skin diseases reported between 1996 and 2001 to the EPIDERM and OPRA national surveillance databases by consultant dermatologists and occupational physicians in the United Kingdom, with an emphasis on allergic contact dermatitis by occupation and industry. Findings are discussed. Contact dermatitis was most frequently attributed to rubber chemicals, soaps and cleaners, wet work, nickel and acrylics; most cases of contact urticaria were attributed to rubber chemicals, foods and flour. Rates of contact dermatitis were highest among skilled workers in the petrochemical, rubber and plastic manufacturing, with machine operators and technical workers in metal and automotive industries also at increased risk. High proportions of cases attributed to rubber chemicals were in nurses and technicians in the health and social services.
Occupational Medicine, Sep. 2006, Vol.56, n°6, p.398-405. 7 ref.

CIS 08-661 Niven K.
Health and Safety Executive
An evaluation of chemical disinfecting agents used in endoscopy suites in the NHS
The objective of this research project was to evaluate alternatives to glutaraldehyde for the disinfection of endoscopes. Their benefits and limitations are discussed. The work was undertaken because of the historically high number of cases of occupational asthma caused by glutaraldehyde. It concludes that there is no single most appropriate disinfectant. Many users are moving away from glutaraldehyde towards other products, some of which are also regarded as potential respiratory allergens. The report includes approaches for limiting exposures to disinfecting agents based on HSE's COSHH Essentials (see CIS 00-675), including ventilation and containment.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2006. 28p. Illus. 102 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr445.pdf [en inglés]

2005

CIS 07-895 Hagamos frente a las alergias por látex en los lugares de trabajo
Dealing with latex allergies at work [en inglés]
El término alergia por látex se utiliza para describir diferentes problemas de salud asociados a la utilización de objetos de caucho, especialmente erupciones cutáneas, así como las alergias observadas entre trabajadores de servicios de salud, y otros trabajadores cuya profesión implica una exposición a este tipo de productos de caucho. Entre los trabajadores de los servicios de salud, estos problemas podrían estar relacionados con la creciente utilización de guantes de goma, para protegerse contra enfermedades infecciosas, como la hepatitis y el SIDA. Este folleto describe los problemas de salud que pueden provocar el uso de este tipo de productos, centrándose especialmente en las alergias producidas por látex de caucho natural, sus factores de riesgo y su prevención
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, 2nd ed., 2005. iv, 16p. Illus.
http://www.worksafebc.com/publications/health_and_safety/by_topic/assets/pdf/latex_allergies.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 06-1350 Elliott L., Heederick D., Marshall S., Peden D., Loomis D.
Incidencia de alergia y de sintomatología alérgica entre trabajadores expuestos a animales de laboratorio.
Incidence of allergy and allergy symptoms among workers exposed to laboratory animals [en inglés]
Este estudio se ha realizado sobre una cohorte de trabajadores expuestos a animales de laboratorio, en una empresa farmacéutica, a lo largo de un periodo de 12 años, examinándose la relación entre la exposición a los animales de laboratorio y la alergia a los mismos (AAL). Se basó en los datos obtenidos mediante cuestionario así como en los resultados de pruebas serológicas. Los datos de tasa de incidencia de AAL a diversos niveles de exposición se modelizaron mediante regresión de Poisson. Se observo un incremento de informes de tasas de incidencia en función del número de horas dedicadas a realizar tareas que requerían trabajar con jaulas de animales o con varios animales a la vez. Los síntomas más frecuentes estaban máss relacionados con rinitis que con asma. Estas conclusiones parecen sugerir que el riesgo de AAL aumenta con la duración de la exposición a los animales y las tareas relacionadas con ellos. La incidencia podría disminuirse limitando el número de horas semanales de exposición a los animales de laboratorio.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2005, Vol.62, No.11, p.766-771. Illus. 19 ref.

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