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1973

CIS 74-163 Hazucha M., Silverman F., Parent C., Field S., Bates D.V.
Pulmonary function in man after short-term exposure to ozone.
Normal subjects, smokers and non-smokers, were exposed to 0.37 or 0.75 ppm ozone for 2 h in an environmental chamber. 2 h of intermittent exercise in such atmospheres of ozone produced major changes in lung function. At higher concentrations of ozone, slightly greater effects were noted in smokers than in non-smokers, but at lower concentrations this difference was not evident. It is concluded that a concentration of 0.37 ppm ozone for a period of 2 h is unacceptably high if impairment of pulmonary function is to be avoided in a normal, active population.
Archives of Environmental Health, Sep. 1973, Vol.27, No.3, p.183-188. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 74-161 Lorant P., Svoboda K.
Medical examination of lead absorption in groups of persons occupationally exposed to street dust in Vienna
Untersuchungen über die Bleibelastung strassenstaubexponierter Berufsgruppen in Wien [en alemán]
19 garbage collectors, 21 roadsweepers and 11 traffic policemen were examined for blood lead concentrations, and for δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin in the urine. All parameters for these groups were significantly higher than for an occupationally unexposed control group. A close linear relationship was found between ALA excretion and blood lead, and also between these 2 factors and coproporphyrin excretion.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Apr. 1973, Vol.8, No.4, p.95-97.

CIS 74-160 Füllgrabe E., Degenhard G.
Continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide in an iron and steel works
Surveillance en continu de l'oxyde de carbone dans une usine sidérurgique. [en francés]
French translation of an article abstracted under CIS 2121-1972, Cedb Fyq Qfx Ssk Xni: Kontinuierliche Überwachung gasgefährdeter Arbeitsbereiche durch automatische Dräger-CO-Mess-und-Warnanlagen in einem Hüttenwerk. Drägerheft, Lübeck, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1972, No.287, p.21-26. Illus. The works in question used blast-furnace gas (25-30% of carbon monoxide by volume) for industrial heating. In establishing the atmospheric monitoring programme, particular attention was paid to the relationship between carbon monoxide concentration in the respired air and blood carboxyhaemoglobin saturation. The monitoring system incorporates continuous carbon monoxide measuring instruments fitted with warning devices. A comparison of the cost of the installation and the cost of manual air sampling shows that the installation was amortised over a period of 2 years. There have been no gassing accidents since the installation was brought into service and faulty procedures in starting up gas-consuming plant have been detected. Experience obtained is described.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1973, No.72, Note No.856-72-73, p.333-338. Illus.

CIS 74-153 Šimko A., Jindřichová J., Kovařík J., Preiningerová O., Klímová A., Finková A., Kořísko F.
Some findings of the state of health of female workers occupationally exposed to the risk of carbon disulfide poisoning
Einige Erkenntnisse über den Gesundheitszustand der unter Schwefelkohlenstoff-Risiko arbeitenden Frauen [en alemán]
Results of a systematic study carried out over 3 years of 35 female viscose workers in Czechoslovakia. An account is given of analyses carried out at the workplace as well as medical tests covering internal medicine, gynaecology, ophthalmology, neurology and psychiatry. The conclusion drawn from these examinations is that there is no particular risk of carbon disulfide poisoning for female viscose workers provided that the TLV - even for single peak value concentrations - is not exceeded.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, June 1973, Vol.23, No.6, p.173-179. Illus. 45 ref.

CIS 74-140 Mushak P.
Gas-liquid chromatography in the analysis of mercury (II) compounds.
A review of the status of the gas-liquid chromatography of mercury compounds, including the relevant chemistry and biocoordination chemistry of mercury in its various chemical forms.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Experimental Issue No.4, June 1973, p.55-60. 29 ref.

CIS 74-125 Lagerquist C.R., Hammond S.E., Bokowski D.L., Hylton D.B.
Distribution of plutonium and americium in occupationally exposed humans as found from autopsy samples.
19 cases where tissues were obtained from autopsy and analysed radiochemically for plutonium and americium are discussed. A typical plutonium and americium distribution could not be found, due to variance in mode of entry, chemical form, particle size, time elapsed since exposure, age, etc. On average, the lungs and tracheal-bronchial lymph nodes had the highest concentrations, followed by the liver, bones and the other tissues. In 12 of the 19 cases investigated, the workers concerned had no known record of plutonium exposure (based on their urine tests).
Health Physics, Dec. 1973, Vol.25, No.6, p.581-584. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 74-124 Mays C.W.
Cancer induction in man from internal radioactivity.
Sections of this literature review relate to occupational cancers and the respective responsible radionuclides in uranium miners and radium dial painters. Virtually all of the observed malignancies arose within the irradiated tissues.
Health Physics, Dec. 1973, Vol.25, No.6, p.585-592. Illus. 42 ref.

CIS 74-88 A simple method for controlling pollution due to beryllium
Une méthode simple pour contrôler les contaminations dues au béryllium. [en francés]
During the drawing from the kiln of beryllium oxide ceramics, local exhaust ventilation is provided by means of a vacuum pump coupled to a detachable filter by a flexible tube. The operator is thus protected from polluted air and the filter retains the substances which will serve to check the level of pollution. A simplified method is described for BeO dosage, based on the fluorescence of morin. An appendix gives a description of beryllium poisoning symptoms and means of medical prevention.
Travail et sécurité, Sep. 1973, No.9, p.418-424. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-71 Cralley L.J., Lainhart W.S.
Are trace metals associated with asbestos fibers responsible for the biologic effects attributed to asbestos?
There is no definite evidence that relates the fibrogenic properties of asbestos fibres to trace metals associated with the fibres. There is, however, evidence to support the hypothesis that the electromotive interactions of the metals and minerals present are important determinants in the carcinogenicity of asbestos.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.262-266. 29 ref.

CIS 74-68 Coates E.O., Watson J.H.L.
Pathology of the lung in tungsten carbide workers using light and electron microscopy.
Studies of lung biopsy specimens by light and electron microscopy are described in 3 workers in the tungsten-carbide industry; one asymptomatic with clinically normal lungs, the second who developed semi-acute interstitial pneumonitis and a third with established interstitial fribrosis. There were pathological findings in each case. Impressive similarities exist between the clinical and pathological findings of this disease and those caused by beryllium.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.280-286. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-20 Leuschke G.
Fire and explosion hazards of dusts in the handling of aluminium powder during the manufacture of gas concrete
Staubbrand- und Staubexplosionsgefahren bei der Handhabung von Aluminiumpulver zur Gasbetonherstellung [en alemán]
Report by the Federal Institute for Materials Testing, Berlin, on safety engineering techniques in the handling of aluminium powder used in the manufacture of gas concrete. Research on explosion pressure (up to 9 at), rate of pressure rise, self-ignition temperature of the air-aluminium mixture (570°C), conditions of combustion and burning of aluminium powder stored in bulk, and the effect of controlled atmosphere from the beginning. Recommendations are given for the preparation of preventively neutralised aluminium powder for safety measures for the prevention of dust explosions (explosion venting, remote control).
Die Industrie der Steine und Erden, Apr. 1973, Vol.83, No.4, p.84-88. 8 ref.#fx, Hannover, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Apr. 1973, Vol.83, No.4, p.84-88. 8 ref.

CIS 74-19 Installation and repair of CO2 fire-extinguishing systems
Montering og reparasjon av CO2-anlegg for brannslukking [en noruego]
These rules were made under the Norwegian Workers' Protection Act of 1956 and entered into force on 19 Oct. 1973. They must be observed to prevent unintentional release of CO2 when installing, revising or repairing CO2 fire-extinguishing systems in buildings and on board ship.
Verneregler Nr.8, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, Apr. 1973. 5p. Gratis.

CIS 73-1313 Goldblatt P.J., Liebermann M.W., Witschi H.
Beryllium-induced ultrastructural changes in intact and regenerating liver
Light and electron microscope studies were carried out on thin liver sections of intact or partially-haepatectomised rats which had been given injections of aqueous beryllium sulphate. Liver necrosis was found in animals surviving 48h, and mitosis was inhibited in animals treated 20 or 16h before death. Ultrastructural alterations in animals examined 24h after Be injection included vacuolisation and dense deposite in lysosomes, loss of fibrils and appearance of dense plaques in some nucleoli, and distortion of bile canaliculi.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan. 1973, Vol.26, No.1, p.48-56. Illus. 44 ref.

CIS 73-1369 Smith S., Brandon S.
Morbidity from acute carbon monoxide poisoning at 3-year follow-up
A group of 74 survivors of acute CO poisoning were followed up for an average of 3 yrs. In 8 patients gross neuropsychiatric damage was directly attributable to the poisoning; 3 other patients had committed suicide and 8 had died from other causes. Morbidity and mortality among those deliberately and accidentally poisoned was approximately equal. Of 63 patients 8 showed personality improvement and 21 (33.3%) deterioration; 27 (43%) reported subsequent impairment of memory. Deterioration of personality and memory impairment were highly correlated; level of consciousness on hospitalisation in acute poisoning phase correlated significantly with development of gross neuropsychiatric sequelae. Prompt and efficient treatment are emphasised, plus follow-up in all cases.
British Medical Journal, 10 Feb. 1973, Vol.1, No.5849, p.318-321. 25 ref.

CIS 73-1311 Stewart R.D.
Experimental human exposure to high concentrations of carbon monoxide
Six human volunteers were exposed to various CO concentrations ranging from 1000ppm for 10min to 35,600ppm for 45s. The experimental procedure and the results are presented and discussed in detail (blood and breath analyses, subjective and cardiovascular responses, electroencephalographic records, visual evoked responses). CO was absorbed rapidly. It was found that the increase in percent carboxyhaemoglobin saturation in venous blood per litre of CO mixture inhaled can be accurately predicted by the equation log (Δ% COHb/L) = 1.036 log (ppm CO inhaled) - 4.4793.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan. 1973, Vol.26, No.1, p.1-7. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1207 Margossian N., Limasset J.C., Richard S.
Thermal degradation of certain chlorinated industrial solvents - Part 5: Oxidizing degradation of tetrachloroethylene and trichloro-1,1,1-ethane in the air in the presence of various common metals
Contribution à l'étude de la dégradation thermique de quelques solvants chlorés industriels - 5e partie: Dégradation oxydante du tétrachloréthylène, du trichloréthylène et du trichloro-1,1,1-éthane dans l'air en présence de quelques métaux usuels [en francés]
Following similar studies in the presence of an inert material (CIS 72-2070), this article reports on additional studies on the effect of various metals (copper, iron and aluminium) on solvent degradation. Material, methods (dynamic) and analytical techniques are described, with results given in graphs and tables. In the presence of copper and aluminium, emission of combustion products (Cl, HCl, CO, COCl2, CCl4) is often considerably reduced or eliminated. Tries to explain these phenomena and apply them to industrial practice.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1973, No.70, Note No.825-70-73, p.11-22. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1876 Horstman S.
Aerosols of lead, nickel and cadmium - A method of generating soluble and insoluble compounds
Description of a generator developed for the production of aerosols of soluble nickel and lead compounds (PbCl2 and NiCl2) as well as aerosols of insoluble nickel oxide (NiO) and cadmium oxide (CdO). The mass median diameters obtained were within the range 0.15-0.30µm. The generator consists essentially of a nebuliser; its use provides a simple, easily controllable and flexible system for the generation of metal oxide aerosols.
Archives of Environmental Health, Feb. 1973, Vol.26, No.2, p.75-77. Illus. 8 ref.

1972

CIS 93-362 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Electrolytic Chromium Process) Regulations [Hong Kong]
Regulations effective 1 Sep. 1972 and issued under the authority of the 1955 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (see CIS 89-6). They provide for safe working conditions where electrolytic chromium processes take place, namely: floors of every place where there is an electrolytic bath to be rendered even and impervious to water; installation of effective mechanical exhaust systems; provision, storage and drying of protective clothing; provision of towels and soap to workers; warning notices. Employees are required to use appliances appropriately and to wear protective clothing.
Government Printer, Hong Kong, 1991. 2p. Price: HKD 10.00.

CIS 92-364 Ordinance on Prevention of Lead Poisoning [Japan]
English translation of the Ordinance of 30 Sep. 1972 (for the original see CIS 75-747), as amended till 1989. Contents: definition of lead-containing substances and work procedures involving lead exposure; prescription of appropriate ventilation facilities and other preventive methods; management of workplaces where lead is present; monitoring of workplace air; medical examinations; personal protective equipment; training of supervisory staff; notification provisions.
In: Industrial Safety and Health Law and related legislation of Japan, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, 1991, p.501-526.

CIS 75-1347 Acceptable concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.
This standard, sponsored by the American Industrial Hygiene Association and approved on 14 Aug. 1972, provides information for the recognition, evaluation and control of occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Sections cover: chemical, physical and toxic properties of hydrogen sulfide and its occurrence; acceptable concentrations (maximum peak exposure, 50ppm for 10min; ceiling concentration, 20ppm; time-weighted average (8-h working day), 10ppm); sampling procedures and analytical methods.
ANSI Z37.2-1972, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 1972. Standard approved 14 Aug. 1972. 8p. 12 ref. Price: US-$2.50.

CIS 75-747
Industrial Safety and Health Division, Ministry of Labour, Tokyo.
Ordinance No.37 of 1972 concerning protection against lead poisoning.
Ordinance under the Japanese Industrial Safety and Health Act 1972, concerning the prevention of poisoning by lead, lead alloys and compounds and other substances containing lead. A list of processes involving the use of lead is followed by sections devoted to: local exhaust systems; atmospheric lead TLV; medical examination of workers.
Collection of regulations and ordinances concerning occupational health, Japanese Industrial Safety Association, 35-1, 5-Chome, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 1972. p.216-249.

CIS 75-128 Panova Z.
Early changes in the ovarian function of women in occupational contact with inorganic lead.
Results of ovarian function studies in 100 female workers exposed to lead-tin alloys in a printing-plate factory. Diagnostic techniques used were cytology of vaginal smears, determination of ALAD activity and urinary coproporphyrins, and counts of stippled erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Comparisons with a control group of 100 non-exposed female workers showed a greater incidence of anovular cycles and cycles with disturbed lutein phase in lead workers. The disorders observed enable the harmful effects of inorganic lead to be detected at an early stage.
Works of the United Research Institute of Hygiene and Industrial Safety, 1972, Vol.23, p.161-166. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 75-55 Ivanovich E., Antov G.
"In vivo" studies on the cytotoxic action of mixed, silica containing dusts.
Mixed-dust suspensions obtained from 3 Bulgarian ore mines were administered intraperitoneally to guinea pigs which were killed 2 or 5 months later to enable certain enzyme activities to be determined in liver homogenates. Adenosine triphosphatase and acid phosphatase showed the most important activity changes, while the alkali phosphatase activity was ony slightly disturbed. It is likely that the cytotoxic effects of the mixed dust investigated is due not ony to its free silica content, but also to the metal ions (Pb, Cu, Fe, S) contained in it.
Works of the United Research Institute of Hygiene and Industrial Safety, 1972, Vol.23, p.119-122. 15 ref.

CIS 74-1957 Cadmium - Health and safety precautions.
This note briefly describes cadmium and its industrial uses, toxic effects and appropriate preventive measures. Threshold limit value: metal dust and soluble salts, 0.2mg/m3 of air; cadmium oxide fume, 0.1mg/m3 of air.
Technical Data Note No.11 (Rev), H.M. Factory Inspectorate, Department of Employment, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1972. 2p. Gratis.

CIS 74-1956 Antimony - Health and safety precautions.
This note briefly describes antimony and its physical properties, industrial uses, toxic effects and appropriate preventive measures. A threshold limit value of 0.5mg/m3 of air is indicated for metallic antimony and its compounds.
Technical Data Note No.5 (Rev), H.M. Factory Inspectorate, Department of Employment, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1972. 2p. Gratis.

CIS 74-1941 Mancuso T.F., Locke B.Z.
Carbon disulphide as a cause of suicide - Epidemiological study of viscose rayon workers.
In a longitudinal epidemiological study of U.S. viscose rayon workers employed during the period 1938-1948 and observed to 1968, a higher rate of suicide was found among 4,899 white males and females aged 25-64 in certain departments and occupations. The results are set out in numerous tables. It is postulated that, in addition to the acute and subacute toxic effects of carbon disulfide, biochemical and pathological changes intiated by carbon disulfide during occupational exposure may persist over a long span of time and that delayed biological effects of abnormal mental and social behaviour may occur in subsequent years in response to further environmental and social stresses. A national study should be carried out to assess the nature and extent of the population at risk, and research to establish the biochemical precursors to mental illness attributable to carbon disulfide should be carried out.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1972, Vol.14, No.8, p.595-606. 44 ref.

CIS 74-1555 Lead-acid storage batteries.
Discusses the construction and use of motor-car and industrial batteries of this type. Safe working methods include: avoiding ignition sources; vent cap maintenance; safe lifting procedures; determining hazardous areas; ventilation; acid neutralisation and removal. Treatment of acid burns, personal protective equipment, showers and eye-wash fountains are also dealt with.
Data Sheet 635, National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1972. 9p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: US-$0.50.

CIS 74-1659 Safety requirements for the storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia.
This standard applies to the design, construction, location, installation and operation of anhydrous ammonia systems (including refrigerated ammonia storage systems but excluding ammonia manufacturing plants, refrigerating or air-conditioning systems and ammonia transportation pipelines). Basic rules cover: equipment; testing, marking and location of containers; container valves, piping, tubing, fittings and hose connections; charging of containers; transfer of liquids; tank car unloading; liquid level gauging devices; painting of containers. Systems utilising portable containers and stationary non-refrigerated storage containers, tank motor vehicles, systems mounted on farm vehicles and refrigerated storage systems are also dealt with.
ANSI K61.1-1972, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 4 Feb. 1972. 32p. Illus. Price: US-$4.00.

CIS 74-1658 Acceptable concentrations of inorganic mercury and non-alkyl organo compounds.
This American National Standard applies to elemental mercury vapour, to inorganic compounds of mercury and to all organic compounds of mercury except alkyl mercury compounds. The acceptable time-weighted (8h) average concentration for mercury in air is fixed at 0.05mg/m3. Sections are devoted to: properties of mercury and its compounds, acceptable concentrations, sampling procedures and analytical methods.
ANSI Z37.8-1972, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 18 Apr. 1972. 8p. 16 ref. Price: US-$2.50.

CIS 74-1648 Lapin A.
Liquid and gaseous oxygen safety review.
This report presents the results of a comprehensive and detailed study of the design and use of oxygen equipment and systems undertaken for the NASA Aerospace Safety Research and Data Institute. It is based very largely on the practices developed by Air Products and Chemicals. Topics dealt with include: material compatibility, operational hazards, maintenance programmes, systems emergencies, accident investigations and reports, and references. Areas requiring further research and development for systems involving exposure to oxygen environment have been identified.
Final report NASA CR-120922, APCI TM 184, Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, June 1972. 4 vol. 1265p. Illus. Price: US-$21.00. Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA. Accession No. N73-14716/14719.

CIS 74-1639 Beryllium (Be).
Properties, sources and uses of beryllium, shipping and storage, fire hazards, health hazards, occupational exposure standards (threshold limit value of 2µg/m3 air), area control, housekeeping, local exhaust systems, personal protective equipment, employee training, medical control, beryllium reclamation and waste disposal.
Data Sheet 562, Revision A (extensive), National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1972. 6p. Illus. 21 ref. Price: US-$0.50.

CIS 74-1388 Elo R., Määttä K., Uksila E., Arstila A.U.
Pulmonary deposits of titanium dioxide in man.
Lung specimens from 3 workers processing titanium dioxide pigments were analysed in detail. Significantly higher titanium levels were found in these workers when compared to controls. Deposits in the pulmonary interstitium were associated with cell destruction and slight fibrosis. Titanium dioxide was found in lymph nodes suggesting its clearance by the lymphatic system. Electron microscopic examination revealed titanium dioxide particles within lysosomes of alveolar macrophages. The findings suggest that industrially-processed titanium dioxide, either alone or with other compounds such as silicate, behaves as a mild irritant in the pulmonary interstitium.
Archives of Pathology, Nov. 1972, Vol.94, No.5, p.417-424. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 74-1342 Kaltreider N.L., Elder M.J., Cralley L.V., Colwell M.O.
Health survey of aluminum workers with special reference to fluoride exposure.
Comprehensive medical examinations were carried out over a number of years at 2 prebake aluminium producing plants on 338 potroom workers and 260 controls. Results show that the majority of potroom workers will probably develop skeletal fluorosis after 10 years of exposure. Those with more than 15 years of such exposure may develop osteosclerosis with limitation of dorsolumbar spine mobility. The only way to diagnose the early stages of fluorosis is by radiological changes in the skeleton. A short literature review is given to support the contention that there is no nonskeletal phase of fluorosis.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1972, Vol.14, No.7, p.531-541. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 74-1300 Kirk W.P.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory, Box 61, Montgomery, Alabama 36101, USA, Jan. 1972. 68p. Illus. 280 ref.
Krypton 85 - A review of the literature and an analysis of radiation hazards.
Major topics covered in this report prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency are: physical, chemical and radiological data; maximum permissible concentration in air (MPCa) and its rationale; source data; atmospheric concentrations and dose estimates near nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities; proposed control methods; uses in science and industry; calculations of dose to skin and various organs and their relationship to the MPCa; unexplained noble gas phenomena; methods of sampling and analysis. The in vivo internal behaviour of krypton 85 is discussed in detail and preliminary desaturation curves obtained with rats are presented.
Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA. Accession No. PB 207 079.

CIS 74-1021 Letavet A.A., Burykina L.N.
The toxicology of radioactive substances - Series 8: Iodine 131
(Materialy po toksikologii radioaktivnyh veščestv - Vypusk 8: Jod-131 [en ruso]
A literature review on the toxicology of radioactive iodine is followed by sections devoted to: metabolism of iodine 131 in rats (thyroid function changes); early and late sequelae due to the combined action of iodine 131 and X-rays in relation to the age of test animals (ceruloplasmin activity, copper levels, neutrophile changes, immunological changes, reproductive function); combined long-term action of small doses of iodine 131 and gamma radiation; harmful effects of iodine on embryogenesis.
Izdatel'stvo "Medicina", Petroverigskij per. 6/8, Moskva, USSR, 1972. 246p. Illus. 96 ref. Price: Rbl.1.29.

CIS 74-746
Booklet No.25, Department of Employment, H.M. Factory Inspectorate, London.
Methods for the detection of toxic substances in air - Zinc oxide fume.
After reviewing briefly the occurrence and toxic effects of zinc oxide fumes and indicating the appropriate first-aid treatment in case of accidental inhalation, the booklet describes a colorimetric method for their detection in air. Details are given of apparatus, reagents and procedure used, and interferences.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1972. 13p. 1 ref. Illus. Price: £0.18.

CIS 74-742 Mas S.
Chromium-related gastro-intestinal disorders
Les entéropathies liées au chrome. [en francés]
MD thesis. The author's intention is to draw attention to the risk of gastro-intestinal impairment resulting from chromium and its derivatives, hazards which are not recognised by French legislation. A review of the uses of chromium and its compounds is followed by a description of the chromium cycle in the body, and monitoring techniques. The section on toxicology gives the results of experiments and cites cases referred to in the literature which suggest that there is very probably a relationship between exposure to chromium and gastro-intestinal disorders. The case of a 24 year old worker in a tannery is analysed in detail. The possible carcinogenous effect of chromium is considered, not only at the level of the upper airways, but also as affecting the entire digestive tract. The importance of detailed questioning of the patient as regards digestive disorders is stressed, and practical preventive measures are suggested.
Université de Paris V, Faculté de médecine Paris-Ouest, Paris, France, 1972. 49p. 40 ref.

CIS 74-741 Gomes E.R.
Incidence of chromium-induced lesions among electroplating workers in Brazil.
A survey was carried out among workers in Sao Paulo, exposed to chromic acid in its hot and cold states. Within a group of 303 electroplaters in the State of Sao Paulo, 86.8% showed lesions due to chromic acid either in solution or vapour form. The threshold limit value of 0.10 mg of CrO3/m3 was exceeded in the majority of undertakings using hot chrome baths. Collective protective equipment when installed and individual protective equipment when provided were not used routinely because of lack of sanitary education not only of the workers, but also of the industrialists.
Industrial Medicine and Surgery, Dec. 1972, Vol.41, No.12, p.21-25. 15 ref.

CIS 74-729 Lalou I.
Procedure to be followed in treating skin burns due to hydrofluoric acid
Conduite à tenir dans le traitement des brûlures cutanées par l'acide fluorhydrique. [en francés]
M.D. thesis. In view of the particularly dangerous character of hydrofluoric acid, the storage, transportation and handling of this substance is covered by stringent legislation in France. Referring to a case of acid burns on the hand which, because treatment was not forthcoming quickly enough and was perhaps inadequate, resulted in necrosis requiring amputation of the phalanges, and basing his theory on experiments in neutralising hydrofluoric acid with various alkaline products, the author recommends the following treatment for hydrofluoric acid burns: thorough and prolonged washing of burnt areas, neutralisation with sodium bicarbonate, subcutaneous injection of calcium gluconate as an analgesic. This emergency treatment should forestall such serious consequences as occurred in the case related.
Université de Paris VI, Faculté de médecine Broussais - Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France, 1972. 40p. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-728 Sarfati D.
Mercury hazard (pre-hydrargyrism) in dental practice
Le risque mercuriel (pré-hydrargyrisme) en pratique dentaire. [en francés]
Thesis for the doctorate in dental surgery. After describing his own case, the author briefly reviews the history of occupational mercury poisoning, especially among dentists. The toxicology of mercury in occupational health is discussed: threshold limit values, ways of entering the body, processes of elimination, clinical signs and exposed occupations. The section devoted to dental work covers sources of mercury vapours in dental surgeries (amalgams), monitoring of mercury vapours, urinary mercury rates among dentists, and the ratio urinary excretion/Hg vapour concentration in inhaled air, and points out how real the mercury hazard is. This hazard can produce a state of pre-hydrargyrism without clinical signs, which calls for preventive measures: improvement of techniques for the preparation and handling of amalgams, monitoring of air pollution, more effective hygiene measures and periodic surveillance of dental personnel exposed. Tables giving the results of monitoring carried out by the author are appended.
Université de Paris VII, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris, France, 1972. 102p. 52 ref.

CIS 74-726 Friberg L., Vostal J.
Mercury in the environment - An epidemiological and toxicological appraisal.
A comprehensive review by 6 American and Swedish contributors of the toxicity of both inorganic and organic mercury compounds. Subjects dealt with include: analytical methods for the determination of mercury in air and biological material; transport and transformation of mercury in nature and possible routes of exposure; metabolism (elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds and organic mercury compounds are considered under the aspects of absorption, biotransformation and transport, distribution, retention and excretion, and indices of exposure and retention); symptoms and signs of intoxication; "normal" concentrations of mercury in human tissue and urine; inorganic and organic mercury compounds (relation between exposure and effects); genetic effects; conclusions.
The Chemical Rubber Company, 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128, USA, 1972. 215p. Illus. 936 ref. Price: US-$33.55.

CIS 74-499 Hartung R., Dinman B.D.
Environmental mercury contamination.
This publication is based on the papers submitted to the International Conference on Environmental Mercury Contamination held at Ann Arbor (USA) on 30 Sep. - 2 Oct. 1970. It consists of 44 papers supplemented by material and comments by the editors. Part I (The occurrence of mercury in the environment and in man) discusses sources and distribution of mercury in the USA, the emphasis being on the environment. Part II (Methods of analysis) reviews modern techniques for the determination of elemental mercury and inorganic and organic mercury compounds, while Part III is devoted to the environmental dynamics of mercury (methylation, etc.). Part IV (Biological effects of mercury compounds) contains a number of papers of special interest to persons concerned with occupational health.
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA, 1972. 349 p. Illus. 799 ref. Price: US-$22.50.

CIS 74-317 Standard for hypobaric facilities.
This standard is intended for the general guidance of hospital personnel giving hypobaric therapy or using hypobaric chambers with oxygen-enriched atmospheres, and for rescue workers in related emergency situations. Individual chapters are devoted to: nature of hazards (general, fire and explosion, mechanical, physiological and medical hazards); construction and equipment (illumination, ventilation, fire fighting, electrical systems, intercommunications and monitoring equipment); administration and maintenance (denitrogenation, equipment, control, handling of gases, electrical and electrostatic safeguards). Data on pressures in hypobaric chambers and a suggested procedure in case of fire are appended.
NFPA No.56E-1972, National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, USA, 1972. 40 p. 4 ref. Price: US-$1.25.

CIS 74-535 Grossdorfer K.
Lead exposure in wire patenting
Zur Bleibelastung in der Drahtpatentierung [en alemán]
Following a short technical introduction and a description of the layout of a patenting plant, the related lead poisoning hazard is reviewed on the basis of an actual case of lead poisoning. Atmospheric lead determinations are reported and the mode of lead emission into the workplace air is discussed. Engineering and medical protective measures are reviewed (mechanical removal of material collected by the wire wiper, enclosure of the lead bath, washing of processed wire, cleaning of floor, etc., periodic medical examinations).
Amtstätigkeit der Arbeitsinspektorate im Jahre 1971, p.79-87. 4 ref. Verlag des Zentral-Arbeitsinspektorates, Stubenring 1, Wien I, Austria, July 1972.

CIS 74-172 Clary J.J., Hopper C.R., Stokinger H.E.
Altered adrenal function as an inducer of latent chronic beryllium disease.
Experiments were carried out to test the validity of the hypothesis that an altered adrenal function is the initiator of chronic beryllium disease. Metyrapone was given to alter the adrenal function of mice and guinea pigs which had previously received radioactive beryllium. One month later beryllium was determined in the lung, liver, heart, kidney, adrenal gland and femur. The results indicate that adrenal function, altered by metyrapone, is involved in the translocation of beryllium, primarily from bone to the liver with resultant liver necrosis, and can be regarded as a cofactor in the development of chronic beryllium disease.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Nov. 1972, Vol.23, No.3, p.365-375. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-168 Mercury contamination in man and his environment.
Monograph prepared as a joint undertaking with the ILO, FAO and WHO to implement a recommendation made by an IAEA Symposium (Amsterdam, Netherlands, May 1967) on food and environmental contamination by mercury. Contents: use of mercury compounds in agriculture and its implications; use of mercury and its compounds in industy and medicine; behaviour of mercury in the environment; mechanisms for methylation of mercury in the environment; the toxicity of mercury in man and animals; determination of mercury by instrumental neutron activation analysis; the determination of mercury and its compounds by destructive neutron activation analysis; the determination of traces of mercury by spectrophotometry, atomic absorption, radioisotope dilution and other methods; identification of mercurial compounds; the reliabiltiy of mercury analysis in environmental samples; results of an intercomparison organised by the IAEA; present levels of mercury in man and his environment; present levels of mercury in man under conditions of occupational exposure.
Technical Report Series No.137, International Atomic Energy Agency, Kärntnerring 11, A-1011 Wien, Austria, 1972. 181p. Illus. 402 ref. Price: US-$6.00; £2.30.

CIS 74-165 Hills B.A.
Neurologic oxygen toxicity: Effects of switch of inert gas and change of pressure.
Methods were devised to test the validity of the concept that differential osmosis is a contributing factor in neurological oxygen toxicity. The principle employed, using rats as subjects, was that of introducing a transient gas osmotic gradient at the appropriate time and in the appropriate direction to observe the influence on convulsions. The gradients were induced by change of pressure or by switching inert gases (from N2O to N2 and N2 to NO2) such that total pressure and inspired PO2 were not changed. This afforded 5 tests whose results are compatible with the view that nervous activity can be increased by cellular dilution induced osmotically by gases.
Aerospace Medicine, July 1972, Vol.43, No.7, p.716-723. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 74-158 Coudray P.
Cadmium poisoning as an occupational disease - An attempt at a medico-legal definition
L'intoxication par le cadmium, maladie professionnelle - Essai de définition médico-légale. [en francés]
This M.D. degree thesis first recalls the properties of cadmium and describes how it is prepared, its uses in industry, its toxicity and the symptoms of acute and chronic poisoning. Passing symptoms denote impregnation: cadmium "yellow tooth", general health disturbances, irritation of upper airways, digestive or nervous troubles, cardiovascular impairment. Some symptoms are definitive and indicate more severe poisoning: pulmonary, renal and bone disorders. Discussion of biological data, animal experiments, pathogenesis and treatment. Definition of the medico-legal aspects of the problem. Review of cadmium hazards in industry and methods of detecting this substance. Recalls French regulations on the subject. Health engineering and medical prevention.
Université Paris VI, Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France, 1972. 86p. 215 ref.

CIS 72-2614 Hazards of irradiated liquid nitrogen - A brief bibliography
A literature survey undertaken to increase general awareness of the hazards involved in the irradiation of liquid air, or liquid nitrogen containing oxygen as an impurity. There is general agreement that the principal explosion mechanism involved is the production of ozone formed by oxygen present in the liquid nitrogen by accident or design. The formation of nitrogen oxides and the oxidation by ozone of organic materials present also play a part. Great care should therefore be exercised in removing oxygen from liquid helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and the higher noble gases before these are irradiated.
Health Physics, July 1972, Vol.23, No.1, p.116-117. 17 ref.

CIS 72-2271 Nappée J., Bobrie J., Lambard D.
Cerium pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiose au cérium [en francés]
Miliary lung marking were found in 2 workers exposed to cerium oxide dust inhalation in a cerium processing plant. Duration of exposure was 15 and 11 years respectively. Diagnosis of rarer conditions such as miliary tuberculosis, carcinosis and sarcoidosis was eliminated. Industrial hygiene survey showed the presence of cerium oxide and the absence of measurable quantities of radioactive substances, and the authors therefore made a diagnosis of cerium pneumoconiosis. It seems to be an accumulation disease. Work procedures were modified, certain jobs were automated, exhaust ventilation was installed, and personnel were provided with respiratory protective equipment; these measures eliminated the pneumoconiosis.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Jan.-Feb. 1972, Vol.33, No.1-2, p.13-18. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 72-2273 Albu A., Schuleri E.
External ventilation and pulmonary mechanism in occupational siderosis
Contribution à l'étude de la ventilation externe et de la mécanique pulmonaire dans la sidérose professionnelle [en francés]
A study of lung volume, ventilatory capacity and pulmonary mechanics in 14 persons with pure occupational pulmonary siderosis due to iron oxide inhalation in a chemical works gave the following mean values: vital capacity = 86,9%; total lung capacity = 92%; residual volume/total lung capacity = 29,2%; FEV% = 73,35%; maximum breathing capacity 93,6%; static lung compliance = 0.275L/cm H2O; dynamic lung compliance = 0,133L/cm H2O; dynamic resistance = 1,99cm H2O L/s; pulmonary elastic work=2,38g/cm. These figures indicate the absence of ventilatory disorders and interstitial fibrosis morphopathological changes in pulmonary siderosis.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Jan.-Feb. 1972, Vol.33, No.1-2, p.51-58. 13 ref.

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