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1977

CIS 78-413 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to chloroprene.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to chloroprene. The ceiling concentration is fixed at 1.0ppm (3.6mg/m³) for any 15min sampling period over a 40h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the following heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and engineering controls, and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis in air are detailed; useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-210, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Aug. 1977. 176p. Illus. 104 ref.

CIS 78-411 Glaser Z.R.
Special occupational hazard review with control recommendations for the use of ethylene oxide as a sterilant in medical facilities.
This study includes a literature survey of the toxicity, mutagenicity and possible carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide used extensively in hospitals for sterilisation of heat sensitive equipment. Alternative chemicals or processes have serious limitations or health hazards. A review of the properties of ethylene oxide, its uses in medical facilities and a summary of the results of NIOSH field studies conducted in hospitals, etc. are followed by chapters on: biologic effects in animals and humans of exposure to ethylene oxide; occupational exposure limits; hazards, control measures, medical supervision and record keeping; and sampling and analytical methods. The report recommends a ceiling occupational exposure limit of 135mg/m³ (75ppm) over a 15 min sampling period, and a time-weighted average TLV of 90mg/m³ (50ppm) over a given workday.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-200, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Aug. 1977. 58p. 139 ref.

CIS 78-396 Guy A.W., Webb M.D., McDougall J.A.
RF radiation absorption patterns: Human and animal modeling data.
Since little is known about radiofrequency (RF) biological effects from 10 to 300MHz, although the vast majority of industrial sources operate within this frequency range, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated a programme to determine human RF exposure thresholds. Various models of animals and humans were exposed to RF fields (10-300MHz) produced by differing sources. Power absorption patterns and the rate of power absorption at specific anatomical locations within the models were thermographically recorded. The results of the modelling research demonstrate the validity of this technique for predicting the magnitude and distribution of RF-induced power absorption in humans and animals. The utility of the technique for extrapolation to human RF exposure thresholds from animal data was firmly established.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-183, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Sep. 1977. 67p. Illus.

CIS 78-348 Higgins R.I., Dewell P.
Medical and environmental studies in an ironfoundry - with special reference to pneumoconiosis.
The association between the results of a medical and chest X-ray survey conducted in an ironfoundry, and a subsequent dust-sampling survey were studied. The data were used for estimating the average lifetime dust concentrations which ironfoundry workers can tolerate without passing certain radiological scores. The number of employees who had a chest X-ray taken was 267; of these, 256 were interviewed and medically examined. A tabulated summary of occupational history, together with findings from medical and chest X-ray examination, was available for 253 of the original 283 personnel. The survey included estimates of cumulative dust exposure, clinical tests, X-ray abnormality due to dust retention and accumulated respirable quartz-dust exposure. The authors conclude from the above data that ironfoundry workers can tolerate certain dust concentrations (total respirable dust, and respirable quartz) without exceeding - before the end of a 50- or 40-year working lifetime, respectively - a given radiological score (indicated). These parameters are shown in tabular form.
Report 1252, BCIRA, Alvechurch, Birmingham B48 7QB, United Kingdom, Jan. 1977. 4p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: £1.00.

CIS 78-159
Bekanntmachung, Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung), Bonn, 20 Apr. 1977.
Technical rules and directives for the enforcement of the Ordinance on Hazardous Industrial Substances
Technische Regeln und Richtlinien des BMA zur Verordnung über gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe [en alemán]
Publication of the revised version (Mar. 1977 edition) of the Technical Rules TRgA 102, issued under the Ordinance on Hazardous Industrial Substances of 8 Sep. 1975. These rules concern indicative technical concentrations of some carcinogenic or mutagenic substances for which it is impossible to determine a TLV. General definition; table of concentrations for arsenic and its compounds, asbestos, benzene, nickel and its compounds, and vinyl chloride monomer; commentaries.
Arbeitsschutz, June 1977, No.6, p.127-128.

CIS 78-149 Indicative technical concentrations (TRK) for hazardous substances
Technische Richtkonzentrationen (TRK) für gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe [en alemán]
Information sheet intended for the Austrian Labour Inspectorate, reproducing in full the Technical Rules TRgA 102 issued in the Federal Republic of Germany; these prescribe indicative technical concentrations (TRK) for carcinogenic or mutagenic substances: arsenic and its compounds, asbestos, benzene, nickel and its compounds, vinyl chloride monomer.
Amtliche Nachrichten des Bundesministeriums für soziale Verwaltung und des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit und Umweltschutz, 31 Aug. 1977, Vol.33, No.8, p.545-546.

CIS 78-74 Izrajlet L.I., Pavljutina Z.N., Hincenberg Ja.A.
Establishment of a TLV for peat dust
K gigieničeskomu normirovaniju torfjanoj pyli [en ruso]
Tests carried out in workers exposed to peat dust showed that allergy-induced disease was more common in these workers than pneumoconiosis; the authors therefore attempted to find a method to determine a TLV for peat dust concentrations which would be based on the sensitising effect of the dust rather than on its fibrogenic effect. In animal experiments with white rats and guinea pigs they studied signs of sensitisation due to peat dust (leukocytolysis, leukergy). In the light of the results obtained they propose a TLV of 4mg/m³.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Feb. 1977, No.2, p.106-107. 2 ref.

CIS 78-140 Schütz A., Wolf D.
Hazards of vinyl chloride in PVC processing - Exposure limits, measurement methods and workpost studies
Gefährdung durch Vinylchlorid bei der PVC-Weiterverarbeitung - Grenzwerte, Messverfahren und Untersuchungen an Arbeitsplätzen [en alemán]
The number of workers employed in processing of PVC is many times that of production workers, but no cause-effect relation has been found between exposure and disease in the processing stage. Review of trends in exposure limits. Requirements for VC monitoring methods at the workplace. Description of occupational hygiene studies in the PVC processing industry: 90% of the values at different workplaces were below 0.1ppm. Depolymerisation of PVC does not occur in mechanical or heat processing, so that the presence of VC can be explained only by a residue of the monomer which failed to be polymerised during production. The problem of PVC dust, until now regarded as inert, is mentioned. Recommendations on content of VC impurities in PVC, ventilation and air monitoring by detector tubes.
Die Berufsgenossenschaft, Jan. 1977, No.1, p.7-13. 16 ref.

CIS 78-135 Lemeševskaja E.P.
Experimental data for establishing of exposure limits for cesium compounds
Ėksperimental'nye dannye k gigieničeskomu normirovaniju nekotoryh soedinenij cezij v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Report on toxicity studies in rats and mice given cesium arsenate and cesium hydroxide by ingestion or inhalation. Inhalation of 13.4mg/m³ had marked toxic effects. Cumulative properties of cesium hydroxide are more marked than that of the arsenate, which produces local irritation and is absorbed by the skin. The irritation threshold of cesium hydroxide in man is 5mg/m³. Proposed exposure limit for both substances: 0.3/m³.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Jan. 1977, No.1, p.29-33. 6 ref.

CIS 78-122 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to refined petroleum solvents.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational disease due to refined petroleum solvents. The solvents include petroleum ether, rubber solvent, varnish makers' and painters' naphtha, mineral spirits, Stoddard solvents and kerosene. Only solvents having less than 20% aromatics are considered. The time-weighted average exposure for the solvents, except kerosene, is 350mg/m³ for up to a 10h work shift, 40h week. The ceiling concentration is 1,800mg/m³ as determined by a sampling time of 15min. For kerosene, the time-weighted average is 100mg/m³. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and engineering controls, development of standard. Research needs are defined, the benzene hazard is discussed, and procedures for sampling and analysis are detailed; useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-192, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, July 1977. 247p. Illus. 160 ref.

CIS 78-50 Dobreva M., Dinolova B.
Determination of concentration of asbestos fibres in workplace samples of mixed dust
Opredeljane koncentracijata na azbestovi vlakna v smesen azbest-sădăržašt prah ot văzduha na rabotnata sreda [en búlgaro]
A review of the basic properties of 2 mineralogical asbestos groups (serpentine (chrysotile) and the amphiboles) is followed by considerations on TLVs and the determination of concentrations. The article lays down rules for mass concentration determination and describes a fibre count method (number concentration of total dust and of respirable dust fraction); filtration sampling, preparation of samples, preliminary particle number concentration determination by phase-contrast microscopy, calculation of number concentration of asbestos fibres. Fibres exceeding 5µm in length are differentiated according to thicknesses above and below 3µm. 6 TLVs for mixed dust of different asbestos content are recommended.
Letopisi na higienno-epidemiologičnata služba, 1976, Vol.9, No.3, p.127-130. 2 ref.

CIS 78-117
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, USA, and Ministry of Labour (Ministerio de trabajo), Madrid.
Valores límites umbral (TLV) para sustancias químicas y agentes físicos en el medio de trabajo con los intentos de modificación para 1976
Spanish translation of: "TLVs - Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents in the workroom environment with intended changes for 1976" (CIS 76-1925). Part 1 (chemical pollutants: definitions (skin absorption; mixtures; nuisance particulates; simple asphyxiants; physical factors; biologic limit values)). TLVs (TWA (time-weighted average) and STEL (short-term exposure limit)) are given for approximately 600 substances. Limits, or references for limits, are also given for radioactivity, mineral dusts and nuisance particulates. There are about 50 (25 new) substances on the intended changes list. Appendices: TLVs of recognised occupational carcinogens and a list of suspected occupational carcinogens, TLVs for mixtures, permissible excursions for TWA limits, and lists of nuisance particulates and simple asphyxiants. Part 2: physical agents: TLVs for heat stress, ionising radiation, lasers, microwaves, noise (impulsive or impact) and ultraviolet radiation, as well as intended changes for these agents.
Serie Documentos N°010.10.12, Ministerio de trabajo, Dirección general de trabajo, Madrid, Spain, 1977. 89p.

CIS 77-1960 Occupational exposure limits for airborne toxic substances - A tabular compilation of values from selected countries.
This publication, which supersedes and updates No.20 of the same Series (CIS 1430-1970, Gzt, Qem), provides a review of the present approach to the problem of exposure limits of harmful substances in the working environment and presents, in tabular form, the limits prescribed or recommended in a number of countries. Contents: scope and definition of "exposure limits" in this document; differences in criteria and methods for determining these limits, varying from one country to another; observations on national lists; comparative tables of exposure limits for 1,116 substances in 18 countries (Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Germany (Fed.Rep.), German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, USA, Yugoslavia) and in the Council of Europe; alphabetical index of substances with references; position in 8 of the above countries respecting exposure limits for mixtures; exposure limits for particulate matters in 13 countries; national lists and comparative list for suspected or recognised carcinogens in 11 countries.
Occupational Safety and Health Series No.37, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1977. 287p. Price: SF.25.00.

CIS 77-1911 Vautrin J.P., Cavelier, Clauzade B.
Non-ionising electromagnetic radiation - Radiofrequency and microwave radiation - Applications and hazards
Le rayonnement électromagnétique non ionisant - Domaine des radiofréquences et hyperfréquences - Applications et risques. [en francés]
General remarks on electromagnetic waves (physical data, induction field, electromagnetic spectrum). The principal uses of radiofrequency radiation and microwaves are tabulated. Hazards for personnel (thermal effects as a function of frequency and energy, specific effects, subjective disorders caused by changes in the autonomic, cardiovascular and endocrine systems). Hazards for the environment. Exposure limits (in mW/cm²) in USA, USSR, France and United Kingdom. Exposure levels measured in French industrial settings. Review of preventive measures: shielding of electrodes by a metal screen, use of machines equipped with a transfer table, maintenance of machines, limitation of exposure.
Travail et sécurité, May 1977, No.5, p.258-264. Illus.

CIS 77-1948 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to inorganic nickel.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational disease due to nickel or its inorganic compounds (those not containing a covalent bond to carbon). Exposure should not exceed 15µg/m³, measured as nickel, determined as a time-weighted average for up to a 10h work shift, 40h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protective equipment, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biologic effects of exposure environmental data and engineering controls, development of standard, and compatibility with other standards. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis are given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-164, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, May 1977. 282p. Illus. 250 ref.

CIS 77-1941 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to benzoyl peroxide.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational disease due to benzoyl peroxide. The time-weighted average exposure should not exceed 5mg/m³ for up to 10-h working day in a 40-h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protective equipment, information of personnel, work practices, sanitation practices, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biologic effects of exposure, environmental data and development of standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis are given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-166, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, June 1977. 117p. 100 ref.

CIS 77-1918 Hathaway J.A.
Trinitrotoluene: A review of reported dose-related effects providing documentation for a workplace standard.
This literature survey concentrates on studies correlating occupational exposure and health effects. Many adverse effects (respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, anaemia, liver function) occur at levels below the current standard of 1.5mg/m³. Mild biological effects (haemoglobin, red blood cell counts) occur with 0.2mg/m³. A time-weighted average of 0.5mg/m³ is proposed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1977, Vol.19, No.5, p.341-345. 31 ref.

CIS 77-1633 Maximum allowable workplace concentrations, 1977
Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen 1977 [en alemán]
The permissible workplace concentration (MAK) is defined, with introductory remarks, concerning the origin, object and analytical determination of TLVs, limits exceeded, mixtures of substances, allergic symptoms and skin absorption. The list of some 370 substances with chemical formula and MAK in ppm and mg/m³ is given. Certain MAKs have been modified in comparison with the 1976 list and new substances (particularly carcinogens) introduced. Particular attention is given to carcinogenic substances, dust, organic peroxides, petrol and turpentine. In the case of carcinogens and mutagens for which a MAK value cannot be determined (arsenic, asbestos, benzene, nickel, vinyl chloride), "indicative technical concentrations" (Technische Richtkonzentrationen - TRK) are given, based on technical data available and the possibilities of technical and medical prevention.
Mitteilung XIII, Committee for Testing Harmful Industrial Substances, German Research Centre (Kommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), Kennedyallee 40, 53 Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 3 June 1977. 51p. Price: DM.6.00.

CIS 77-1381 Zielhuis R.L.
Second International Workshop on Permissible Levels for Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Lead.
Recent findings indicated that the recommendations made at the 1st Workshop on guidelines for health protection of lead workers (Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1968) should be reviewed. This official report of the 2nd Workshop (21-23 Sep. 1976, Coronel Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) defines the terms "critical concentration" for a cell or an organ, "critical effect", and "response", and summarises the discussions and conclusions concerning early effects. Further chapters deal with biological tests to be performed with different objectives, the relationship between environmental and biological tests, blood analysis, and dose-response relations. It was agreed that the individual blood lead level should not exceed 60µg/100ml for male workers and 40µg/ml for female workers of child-bearing age.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 30 June 1977, Vol.39, No.2, p.59-72, 15 ref.

CIS 77-1322 Review of NCRP radiation dose limit for embryo and fetus in occupationally-exposed women.
This report reviews the basis for the current foetal dose limit and the recently published information on this question. The recommended maximum permissible dose equivalent to the embryo-foetus from exposure of the expectant mother should be 0.5rem. Comments on the recommendations and the historical background of the ICRP and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements are given.
NCRP Report No.53, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20014, USA, 1 Mar. 1977. 42p. 61 ref.

CIS 77-1373 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to carbon disulfide. The time-weighted average exposure (10h working day) should not exceed 3mg/m³ (1ppm by volume) over a 40h week. The ceiling concentration is 30mg/m³ (10ppm) for any 15min period. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the following heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and biological monitoring and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis in air are detailed; useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-156, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, May 1977. 185p. 131 ref.

CIS 77-1372 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to alkanes (C₅-C₈).
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to C₅ - C₈ alkanes. The time-weighted average exposure (10h working day) should not exceed 350mg/m³ total alkanes (120ppm pentane, 100ppm hexane, 85ppm heptane or 75ppm octane). The ceiling concentration is 1,800mg/m³ as determined over a sampling period of 15min; this concentration is equivalent to about 610ppm pentane, 510ppm hexane, 440ppm heptane or 385ppm octane. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and engineering controls, development of a standard, research needs. Procedures for sampling and analysis in air are detailed and useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-151, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Aug. 1977, Mar. 1977. 129p. Illus. 119 ref.

CIS 77-1371 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to hydrogen sulfide. The time-weighted average exposure (10h working day) should not exceed 15mg/m³, as determined with a sampling period of 10min, over a 40h week. Evacuation of the area shall be required if the concentration equals or exceeds 70mg/m³. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the following heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and analytical methods and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis in air are detailed; useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-158, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, May 1977. 149p. 171 ref.

CIS 77-1337 Henschler D.
Substances hazardous to health - Toxicological and occupational medical criteria for MAC values
Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe - Toxikologisch-arbeitsmedizinische Begründungen von MAK-Werten [en alemán]
This loose-leaf compendium is published under the auspices of the Hazardous Industrial Substances Testing Committee (Chairman: D. Henschler) of the German Research Association (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). With this 5th supplement the collection now covers 106 industrial substances in the form of gas or vapour, as well as fine particulate quartz, asbestos and cotton dust. The chapters on trichloromethane and trichloroethylene have been re-edited, and basic information on the following substances has been added: azinphosmethyl; 2-butanone; chloroform; 1,2-dibromoethane; 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether; dioxane; fluorine; isophorone; B-propiolactone; thiram; vinyltoluene. Each monograph gives toxicological data, human experience, experimental findings in animals, and the arguments for the establishment of the MAC value.
Verlag Chemie GmbH, Postfach 1260/1280, 6940 Weinheim, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 5th Supplement, 1977. 110p. Price: DM.48.00. Complete collection: 2 Vol. 800p. 3750 ref.

CIS 77-1070 Vigliani E.
Methods used in Western European Countries for establishing maximum permissible levels of harmful agents in the working environment.
This working document was used for a meeting in Milan (6 June 1976) to discuss the policies employed in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. The policies were to be used by the WHO in its comparison of the methods with a view to possible international agreement. The lists and their development in each country are discussed with some examples. The activity in the European Economic Community is mentioned.
Carlo Erba Foundation, Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Via Cino del Duca 8, 20122 Milano, Italy, 1977. 32p. 36 ref. Gratis.

CIS 77-796 Taine P.
Maximum permissible concentration of carbon disulfide in workplace air
A propos de la concentration maximale admissible de sulfure de carbone dans l'air des locaux de travail. [en francés]
MD thesis investigating whether the TLVs for CS₂ (especially the time-weighted average (TWA) limit of 60mg/m³ or 20ppm) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists can be considered medically reliable, given the risk of carbon disulfide atherosclerosis. Biochemical data on CS₂ exposure (preference is given to determination of urinary metabolites - the iodine azide test - as a test of exposure) are followed by 2 chapters devoted to a literature survey of toxicological data from animal experiments and observations in humans (neurological, cardiovascular, biochemical and endocrine effects). Animal studies revealed no toxicity at 20ppm CS₂, but the results cannot be readily extrapolated to man. Clinical and epidemiological studies in exposed workers suggest such effects at concentrations below 20ppm. Until more thorough studies have been performed, a TWA of <10ppm is proposed.
Université de Paris Val-de-Marne, Faculté de médecine de Créteil, Paris, France, 1977. 57p. 89 ref.

CIS 77-721 Threshold limit values for the air concentrations of toxic substances
Valeurs limites de concentration des substances toxiques dans l'air. [en francés]
The threshold limit values recommended in the USA and those in force in 1976 in the USSR for 1,005 chemical substances are listed in this data sheet. Supplementary data drawn from U.S. sources are given regarding TLVs for silica-containing mineral dust, industrial carcinogens, hazardous substances for which there is no TLV and derogations permitted in case of short-term exposure. A list of U.S. proposed modifications covering some 50 substances (including 25 new ones) is given.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1977, No.86, Note No.1050-86-77, p.67-94.

1976

CIS 78-75 Revised recommended asbestos standard.
The revised text recommends a maximum level of 100,000 fibres >5µm in length/m³ (0.1 fibre/cm³) on an 8-hr time-weighted average with peak concentrations not exceeding 500,000 fibres >5µm in length/m³ (0.5 fibre/cm³) based on a 15min sampling period. There is no evidence for a threshold or "safe" level. The updated review includes information on biological effects of exposure on animals (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity), effects on humans (nonmalignant respiratory disease, carcinogenicity, synergism, fibre analysis in tissue), sampling methods and environmental data, basis for the recommended standard.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-169, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Dec. 1976. 96p. 234 ref.

CIS 78-112 Ekel G.J., Teichner W.H.
An analysis and critique of behavioural toxicology in the USSR.
Behavioural and neurophysiological methods used in toxicity testing in the USSR were examined, including details of methodology. These methods are contributing factors to the difference between USSR and USA maximum allowable concentrations (MAC). A comparison of the recommended limits for 100 common contaminants showed the USSR MAC to be lower than the US MAC in 78 cases. The standard methods used in USSR toxicity testing are: olfactory sensation, eye-light sensitivity, EEG-unconditioned reflex, optical chronaxy, general motor activity, chronaximetry, motor response latency, motor operant conditioning, EEG-conditioned reflex, and EEG-photic driving. The last 2 methods were the most sensitive to effects of neurotoxic chemicals. The first 2 were used often in the testing.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-160, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Dec. 1976. 130p. Illus. 49 ref.

CIS 77-1954 Hromenko Z.F.
Establishment of the TLVs for hydrogenated terphenyls, a terphenyl mixture and isopropyl-m-terphenyl in workplace air
K obosnovaniju PDK terfenilov GTF, TFS i IPMTF v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Results of animal experiments on the toxicity of these compounds, which are used as heat transfer media. They produced functional disturbances of the nervous system, liver and kidneys, peripheral blood changes and dystrophic changes in parenchymal organs. Annual medical examination of exposed workers, and a TLV of 5mg/m³, are recommended. French translation may be obtained from I.N.R.S., 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1976, No.12, p.42-44. 6 ref.

CIS 77-1931 Christensen H.E., Fairchild E.J., Lewis R.J.
Suspected carcinogens - A subfile of the NIOSH registry of toxic effects of chemical substances.
A compilation of 2,415 chemical substances reported as causing benign or malignant tumours, with synonyms and cross-references, detailed toxicity data - toxic dose, route, species exposed, description of exposure (lethal, toxic, etc.), dose causing the toxic response, body system affected, occupational safety and health standards in force in the USA - with reference to bibliographic sources of the toxicity data. Additions and deletions since the first edition, Standards Completion Program Analytical Methods, NIOSH criteria documents completed (with pertinent data), requests for health hazard evaluation are appended.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-149, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, Maryland 10852, USA, Dec. 1976. 251p.

CIS 77-1924 Lykova A.S., Skačkov M.A., Mitrofanova A.I., Davydova M.P., Saparmamedov Ė.S.
Data for establishing threshold limit values for atmospheric concentrations of monoisopropyl and monobutyl ethylene glycol ethers
Materialy k gigieničeskomu normirovaniju monoizopropilovogo i monobutilovogo ėfirov ėtilenglikolja v atmosfernom vozduhe [en ruso]
Results of electroencephalographic studies in humans to detect the olfactory thresholds, and toxicological studies in animals. Olfactory thresholds: 3.2mg/m³ for the monoisopropyl ether (2-isopropoxyethanol), and 2.3/m³ for the monobutyl ether (butylcellosolve). Both substances present a serious toxicity risk on short-term exposure to high concentrations. Their cumulative properties also make them hazardous in the event of repeated exposure to low concentrations. The toxicity threshold for physiological and biochemical changes is 3mg/m³ for both ethers. A TLV of 1mg/m³ is proposed in each case.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Nov. 1976, No.11, p.7-11. 2 ref.

CIS 77-1923 Rumjancev G.I., Novikov S.M.
Modern principles for establishing indicative levels of innocuity of chemical substances
Sovremennye principy obosnovanija orientirovočnyh bezopasnyh urovnej vozdejstvija na organizm himičeskih veščestv [en ruso]
Literature survey of the possibilities of using mathematical methods to establish indicative TLVs on the basis of laws discovered empirically in respect of the influence of the chemical structure and physical properties of toxic substances on the body. Mathematical models used for this purpose should present a statistical analogy with the actual facts and be consistent with the findings of modern toxicological research.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Nov. 1976, No.11, p.3-7. 16 ref.

CIS 77-1662 Hristeva V., Spasovski M.
Experimental determination of a maximum permissible concentration of polyvinyl chloride
Eksperimentalno obosnovavane na predelno dopustimata koncentracija (PKD) na polivinilhloridnata smola [en búlgaro]
Results of research on white rats to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) administered cutaneously or by inhalation. Acute exposure produces only a slightly toxic effect, irrespective of path of entry. Long-term exposure produces insignificant peripheral blood changes. Histological examination of the lungs of animals after inhalation of 2mg/m³ and 6mg/m³ concentrations during 4 months did not reveal any changes which could be ascribed to PVC. No cumulative effect and no skin irritation or sensitisation were observed. The authors propose a provisional workplace TLV of 2mg/m³ for PVC dust.
Problemi na higienata, Dec. 1976, No.2, p.39-44. 9 ref.

CIS 77-1656 Kovjazin V.G.
Reliability of mathematical methods for the establishment of threshold limit values for harmful substances in the workplace air
O nadežnosti rasčetnyh metodov opredelenija veličiny PDK vrednyh himičeskih veščestv v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Study of a method proposed in 1967, based on the physicochemical properties of chemical substances and acute toxicity criteria. Soviet TLVs (1970) for 32 compounds are listed together with the values calculated on this basis. It is concluded that these calculation methods gradually lose their prognostic value. Regular revision and correction of the methods in the light of new experimental findings is recommended in order to render them more reliable.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1976, No.10, p.29-32. 8 ref.

CIS 77-1613 Blagodatin V.M., Smirnova E.S., Dorofeeva E.D., Golova I.A., Arzjaeva E.Ja.
Establishment of the maximum allowable concentration of methyl methacrylate in workplace air
Obosnovanie predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii metilovogo ėfira metakrilovoj kisloty v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Results of animal experiments with a view to modifying the TLV for methyl methacrylate. Concentrations around 50mg/m³ produce hepatotoxic effects and raise the blood pressure. There is also a narcotic effect. A survey of 90 exposed workers (3-6 years exposure, mainly to 4-20mg/m³ concentrations) showed ECG changes and disturbance of liver proteinogenic function. On the basis of data obtained the authors recommend a Soviet TLV of 10mg/m³ for this substance.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1976, No.6, p.5-8. 10 ref.

CIS 77-1370 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to cadmium.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational disease due to cadmium and its compounds. The time-weighted average exposure (10h working day) should not exceed 40µg/m³ over a 40h week. The ceiling concentration is 200µg/m³ for any 15min period. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, sanitation, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis are detailed; useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)76-192, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Aug. 1976. 86p. 287 ref.

CIS 77-1416 Criteria for a recommended standard - occupational exposure to parathion.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of parathion on the health of workers. Exposure should not be greater than 0.05mg/m³ determined as a time-weighted average for up to a 10h shift and a 40h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protective equipment, information of employees, work practices and monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental and biological evaluation; development of a standard; research needs. Procedures for sampling and analysis of the compound in air are described in detail and useful additional information is given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)76-190, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, June 1976. 102p. 204 ref.

CIS 77-1313 Radiofrequency radiation - Directives for exposure limits and protective measures
Radiofrekvent strålning - Anvisningar om hygieniska gränsvärden och skyddsåtgärder [en sueco]
These directives (entry into force: 1 Jan. 1977) provide information on the biological effects and uses of radiofrequency radiations, giving the exposure limits to microwaves and short waves, and specify the in-plant protective measures to be taken: sale of guarded equipment with servicing instructions; limitation of exposure by all means possible; warning or prohibition notices (reproduced) for cases in which inadvertent exposure can occur; consultation of physician if the permissible dose is exceeded; information of personnel; prohibition of work to users of cardiac pacemakers.
Anvisningar nr 111, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, June 1976. 7p. Illus. Price: Swe-cr.4.50.

CIS 77-961 Modification of the threshold limit value for asbestos
Ändring av gränsvärdet för asbest [en sueco]
This directive (entry into force: 1 July 1976) lays down the reduction of the Swedish TLV for asbestos (excluding crocidolite) from 2 to 1 fibre per ml of air.
Meddelanden 1976:9, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, 26 Feb. 1976. 1p. Gratis.

CIS 77-1081
Guidance Note, EH 15/76, Health and Safety Executive, London.
Threshold limit values for 1976.
This note reproduces the list of threshold limit values (TLVs, expressed in ppm or mg/m³) adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists in 1976 for over 500 hazardous substances which may be absorbed in the form of dust or fume in workroom air. A preface discusses briefly chemical contaminants, advantages and disadvantages of ceiling as against time-weighted average limits, nuisance particulates as opposed to fibrogenic dusts, biologic limit values, asphyxiants, etc. TLVs for mineral dusts, notice of intended changes in the list (especially carcinogens, e.g. 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, beta-naphthylamine, 4-nitrobiphenyl, bis(chloromethyl) ether, hexamethylphosphoramide, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, etc.), substances of variable composition, welding fumes, mixtures, some nuisance particulates, some inert gases and vapours (simple asphyxiants), etc. are appended. Different TLVs for some of these substances are recommended for the U.K. (in particular for asbestos, CO, cotton dust, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), mica, talc and vinyl chloride). The 1976 list introduces individual values for short term exposure limits for the various substances. A set of tentative guidelines for grading experimental animal carcinogens into high, intermediate, and low potency is appended.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom, 1976. 20p. 45 ref.

CIS 77-1076 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to formaldehyde.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of formaldehyde on the health and safety of workers. The ceiling concentration is 1.2mg/m³ (1ppm) for any 30-min sampling period. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data; development of a standard; work practices. Procedures for sampling and analysis of formaldehyde in air are described in detail and additional information (recommendation for a material data sheet, properties of the substances, uses in the US, forms of formaldehyde polymers, occupations with potential exposure to the substance, dose-response relations in animals exposed to formaldehyde, standards in effect in various countries, etc.) is given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-126, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Dec. 1976. 165p. 222 ref.

CIS 77-1038 Gurova A.I., Alekseeva N.P., Gorlova O.E., Černyšova R.A.
Data for establishing TLVs for trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate and butyl isocyanate in the workplace air
Materialy k obosnovaniju PDK v vozduhe rabočej zony m-triftormetilfenilizocianata i butilizocianata [en ruso]
Data on the toxic effects of these isocyanates and results of animal experiments. A TLV of 1mg/m³ is recommended in both cases.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1976, No.3, p.53-55. 5 ref.

CIS 77-1037 Ivanov N.G., Kljačkina A.M., Germanova A.L.
Experimental data for establishment of a hygiene standard for bromine and hydrogen bromide concentrations in the workplace air
Ėksperimental'nye materialy k gigieničeskomu normirovaniju soderžanija broma i bromistogo vodoroda v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Results of research in several animal species. Bromine vapours (12.4mg/m³) produced functional and morphological changes of the respiratory, nervous and endocrine systems, with marked chronic toxicity. Prolonged inhalation of 1.4mg/m³ bromine caused much less marked changes, which diminished after 1 month's exposure. A concentration of 0.16mg/m³ caused no changes. The TLVs adopted are 0.5mg/m³ for bromine (given its irritant effect on the skin) and 2mg/m³ for hydrogen bromide.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1976, No.3, p.36-39. 5 ref.

CIS 77-1036 Volkova Z.A., Fomenko V.N., Bagdinov Ju.M., Bjalko N.K., Katosova L.D., Ponomareva N.I., Tolčeva Ė.I., Davtjan R.M., Zil'fjan Z.N., Gurdžiev T.I., Hajrullina A.Š.
Establishing a TLV for chloroprene in the workplace air
K obosnovaniju veličiny PDK hloroprena v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Women working for several years in neoprene glove and balloon production, and thus exposed to chloroprene, presented menstrual disorders, the incidence of hypomenorrhoea being related to the length of service. Animal experiments showed the present Soviet TLV of 2mg/m³ to be justified in respect of general toxicity, but 0.15mg/m³ produced mutagenic and gonadotropic effects. A TLV of 0.05mg/m³ is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1976, No.3, p.31-36. 8 ref.

CIS 77-1032 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of 1,1,2,2-tectrachloroethane on the health and safety of workers. The ceiling concentration is fixed at 1ppm by volume (6.87mg/m³) determined as a time-weighted average for up to a 10h day, 40h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data and engineering controls; development of standard. Procedures for sampling and analysis of the compound in air are described in detail and useful additional information (storage, handling and use; equipment maintenance; emergencies; skin and eye protection; sanitation; respiratory protection; material safety data sheet) is given.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-121, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Dec. 1976. 143p. 112 ref.

CIS 77-1031 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to boron trifluoride.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of boron trifluoride on the health and safety of workers. The ceiling value is fixed at 1ppm (3mg/m³). Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data; development of a standard. Sampling and analytical methods are reviewed. A material safety data sheet is appended.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-122, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Dec. 1976. 83p. Illus. 73 ref.

CIS 77-793 Tarasenko N.Ju., Zjuzjukin Ju.V.
Experimental determination of the maximum permissible concentrations for strontium compounds in workplace air
Materialy ėksperimental'nogo obosnovanija predel'no dopustimyh koncentracij soedinenij stroncija v vozduhe proizvodstvennyh pomeščenij [en ruso]
Studies in several animal species to determine the toxic and fibrogenic effects of strontium carbonate, nitrate and sulfate aerosols. The short-term toxicity of nitrate is low but its dust had moderately marked cumulative properties and several chronic effects. TLVs of 1mg/m³ for strontium nitrate, and of 6mg/m³ for the carbonate and the sulfate, are recommended.
Gigiena i sanitarija, May 1976, No.5, p.28-32. 5 ref.

CIS 77-786 Workplace threshold limit values for airborne toxic substances and physical agents
Valeurs limites aux emplacements de travail pour les substances toxiques dans l'air (valeurs MAC) et les agents physiques [en alemán]
Valeurs limites aux emplacements de travail pour les substances toxiques dans l'air (valeurs MAC) et les agents physiques. [en francés]
This loose-leaf compendium, which replaces the list for 1974, gives the threshold limit values (TLVs) prescribed by Swiss law. A preliminary definition of TLVs and their application is followed by a list of the TLVs for some 500 chemical substances and the permissible levels for physical agents such as ionising radiation, laser radiation, microwaves, radar and sound waves. These values are in most cases the same as those in the USA and the Fed. Rep. of Germany.
Form. 1903,Swiss National Accident Insurance Institute (Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents), Case postale, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1976. 64p.

CIS 77-779 Flickinger C.W.
The benzenediols: catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone - A review of the industrial toxicology and curent industrial exposure limits.
This article reviews the acute animal toxicity data (oral LD₅₀, skin penetration LD₅₀, eye irritation, primary skin irritation, inhalation) for catechol, resorcinol and phenol, and studies on plant exposures to resorcinol and hydroquinone. Threshold limit values are discussed. The data suggest a TLV for catechol close to that for phenol (5ppm). Resorcinol is significantly less toxic than phenol, and a TLV of at least 10ppm, possibly 20ppm or higher, is suggested. The TLV for hydroquinone (2mg/m³) appears appropriate. Appendix: physical properties of the 3 benzenediols.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1976, Vol.37, No.10, p.596-606. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 77-763 Mason J.W., Dershin H.
Limits to occupational exposure to chemical environments under novel work schedules.
A mathematical basis is proposed on which to adjust the TLV of solvents exerting systemic effects as a result of tissue concentration (mainly narcotics and anaesthetics) when the work schedule is other than the 40h, 5-day week on which ACGIH TLVs are based. The applicability of the model and its restrictions are discussed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1976, Vol.18, No.9, p.603-606. 7 ref.

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