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1980

CIS 81-323 Safety recommendations for loading and unloading tank trucks transporting alcohol
Recomendações de segurança para carga e descarga de caminhões-tanque utilizados no transporte de álcool [en portugués]
Points covered by these recommendations: accumulation of static electricity and its hazards; protective measures (prevention of sparks; bonding and bonding methods according to type of soil).
Cooperativa central dos productores de açucar e álcool, rua Boa Vista, 280, Caixa Postal 5691, 01014 São Paulo, Brasil, no date, 4p. Illus.

CIS 81-425
American Industrial Hygiene Association
Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Polypropylene glycols.
Information given: chemical and physical properties; toxicological and use experience; recommended workplace environmental exposure level (WEEL) guide. Polypropylene glycols present no significant hazard to health in the workplace environment, and a WEEL of 10mg/m³ is recommended.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1980, Vol.41, No.10, p.A-53 to A-55. 8 ref.

CIS 81-311
British Fire Protection Association
Cyclohexanol
Industrial uses of cyclohexanol; hazards; precautions (tank and drum storage, dispensing); fire fighting; reference to regulations; characteristics and properties of cyclohexanol.
Fire Prevention, Aug. 1980, No.137, p.47-48.

CIS 81-420 Nordic Group of Experts for TLV Documentation - 14. Ethylene glycol
Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation - 14. Etylenglykol [en sueco]
Literature survey on the toxicity of this antifreeze and solvent: metabolic model (inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination; biological half-life; factors influencing metabolism); toxic mechanisms; effects on skin and mucosae, liver, kidneys, stomach, heart, central nervous system, eyes; genetic and carcinogenic effects; exposure indices; dose-response relations; evaluation of data. Appended: TLVs adopted in 11 countries; sampling and analysis methods.
Arbetarskyddsverket, 17184 Solna, Sweden, 1980. 36p. 116 ref.

CIS 81-120 Brenner Ė.S.
Separate determination of ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid in air by thin-layer chromatography
Razdel'noe opredelenie ėtilenglikolja i metakrilovoj kisloty v vozduhe metodom tonkoslojnoj hromatografii [en ruso]
Studies with different solvents led to the use of a CHCl₃-ethanol system (4:1) for separation of the substances sampled together, which is optimal for the mobile phase and can be used again. It is recommended to activate the plates at 105-110°C for 1h in advance and to protect them from humidity. Sensitivity of the assay is 1µg for each substance.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1980, No.2, p.54-55. 5 ref.

CIS 81-112
American Industrial Hygiene Association
Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Polyethylene glycols.
Workplace environment exposure levels (WEELS) are provided for chemicals, stresses, or agents in the workplace for which there are no current authoritative guidelines. Information given: chemical and physical properties; toxicological and use experience; recommended WEEL guide. Polyethylene glycols present no significant hazard to health, and a WEEL of 10mg/m³ is recommended.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1980, Vol.41, No.9, p.A-55 to A-57. 8 ref.

CIS 81-104 Mráz M., Šedivec V.
Determination of methanol in urine
Stanovení metanolu v moči [en checo]
This gas chromatographic method involves the addition of anhydrous sodium sulfate to the sample in order to increase sensitivity. Detection threshold is 0.1µg/ml; coefficient of variance for concentrations near the centre of the calibration curve is 3.0%.
Pracovní lékařství, Jan. 1980, Vol.32, No.1, p.18-23. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 80-1941 Semenova V.N., Sadovnik O.V., Fedjanina V.N., Kreslina E.V., Kopanev V.A.
Biological effects of ethylene chlorhydrin (ECH) as an atmospheric pollutant
Izučenie biologičeskogo dejstvija ėtilenhlorgidrina kak faktora zagrjaznenija atmosfernogo vozduha [en ruso]
Concentrations of 0.67, 0.067, 0.05 and 0.1mg/m³ ECH produced changes in physiological functions in chronic toxicity studies in animals. The olfactory threshold of ECH determined in 20 volunteers was 1.3-1.6mg/m³. Recommended exposure limits: 0.15mg/m³ for a single exposure, 0.002mg/m³ for round-the-clock exposure.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Jan. 1980, No.1, p.84-85. 5 ref.

CIS 80-1684 Savolainen K., Riihimäki V., Vaheri E., Linnoila M.
Effects of xylene and alcohol on vestibular and visual functions in man.
10 volunteers were exposed to 6 and 11.5µmol/l xylene for 4h, with or without single doses of ethyl alcohol. Both xylene concentrations combined with 0.8g/kg alcohol increased body sway and nystagmus, but there was little effect on visual function. Xylene alone had little effect on the vestibular system, and negligible effect on function. Alcohol significantly increased blood m-xylene levels.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1980, Vol.6, No.2, p.94-103. 39 ref.

CIS 80-1623 Limasset J.C., Morel C., Gendre M.
Chlorophenols and dioxins - Hazards for chemical industry workers and users
Chlorophénols et dioxines - Risques pour les travailleurs de l'industrie chimique et pour les utilisateurs. [en francés]
This literature survey of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins reviews animal experiments and epidemiologic studies, and considers accidents such as that at Seveso. While 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is particularly dangerous, all members of this group are toxic and present industrial hygiene, civil defence and environmental protection problems. They may be present as impurities in manufactured compounds (o-chlorophenols, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides, hexachlorophene) or occur during chemical processes including reactions in their industrial preparation.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd quarter 1980, No.99, Note No.1249-99-80, p.243-252. 45 ref.

CIS 80-1103 Miller T.L., Deinzer M.L.
Effects of nonachloropredioxin and other hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers on biological membranes.
The pesticide pentachlorophenol (PCP) contains hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers and other compounds as impurities. The effects of hydroxy derivatives of nonachlorodiphenyl ether (NDE), 2-hydroxy-2',4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether (HTDE), and PCP, were studied in the human erythrocyte membrane. The hydroxy NDEs are very potent haemolytic agents. The order of activity is: 2-hydroxy-NDE (nonachloropredioxin)>3-hydroxy-NDE>4-hydroxy-NDE>HTDE>technical PCP>pure PCP. Haemolytic potency varied with the degree of chlorination and to some extent with the position of the HO group. The hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers can directly alter properties of biological membranes.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Jan. 1980, Vol.6, No.1, p.11-25. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 80-1101 Alderson M.R., Rattan N.S.
Mortality of workers on an isopropyl alcohol plant and two MEK dewaxing plants.
262 men working at an isopropyl alcohol plant and 446 at 2 methyl ethyl ketone plants for 15.5 and 13.9 years respectively were followed up. There was no clear evidence of a cancer hazard. Lung cancer deaths were fewer than expected.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1980, Vol.37, No.1, p.85-89. 6 ref.

CIS 80-1084 Van Roosmalen P.B., Klein A.L., Drummond I.
Simultaneous determination by gas chromatography of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol in the urine of industrially exposed workers.
This method requires a minimum of sample treatment and has suitable sensitivity and selectivity for chlorophenols in the urine of workers exposed in the production of phenoxy herbicides and of pentachlorophenol. The phenolic compounds are separated by steam distillation, extracted into isopropyl ether, and analysed by gas chromatography directly, using flame ionization detectors. The detection limits in urine range from 0.1mg/l urine for phenol to 1mg/l for the di- and triphenols. The naturally occurring metabolites cresol and 4-heptanone are also isolated and can be quantified by this method.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 1980, Vol.45, No.1, p.57-62. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 80-795 Venable J.R., McClimans C.D., Flake R.E., Dimick D.B.
A fertility study of male employees engaged in the manufacture of glycerine.
64 men employed in the glycerine department of a chemical factory, exposed to epichlorohydrin, allyl chloride, and 1,3-dichloropropene, or combinations of them, and 63 controls were studied. Data were obtained by medical history, hormone determinations, medical examination, and semen analysis. No detrimental effect on fertility from exposure to chlorinated 3-carbon compounds was observed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1980, Vol.22, No.2, p.87-91. 5 ref.

CIS 80-475 Zack J.A., Suskind R.R.
The mortality experience of workers exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in a trichlorophenol process accident.
All 121 workers who developed chloracne from the accident in March 1949 were followed up. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.69, with 32 deaths observed and 46.41 expected. For malignant neoplasms and circulatory diseases, SMR was 1.00 and 0.68 respectively. These results are not conclusive, but the absence of excess mortality over 30 years is important. Broader studies are in progress.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1980, Vol.22, No.1, p.11-14. 15 ref.

1979

CIS 89-95 Phenol
Fenoli [en finlandés]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limit: 19mg/m³. Toxicity: is rapidly absorbed through skin; it severely corrodes the skin, the eyes and the mucous membranes of the digestive system; the vapour corrodes the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract; lung damage; long-term exposure affects the central nervous system and causes renal damage; can cause eczema. Mandatory European labelling: T, R24, R25, R34, R38, S2, S28, S44, S23, S38, S46.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, Mar. 1979. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 82-152 Methanol
Properties, uses, containers and shipping regulations, labelling, storage, handling, precautions (health engineering), toxicity, medical examinations, U.S. TLVs (ACGIH: 200ppm; short-term exposure limit (STEL): 1,000-2,000ppm), personal protective equipment, ventilation, fire and explosion hazards, electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres, handling and earthing containers (static electricity) poisoning symptoms, first aid, waste disposal.
National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1979. 6p. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 81-439 Kryńska A., Pośniak M.
Determination of chlorophenol and pentachlorophenol in air by gas chromatography
Oznaczanie chlorofenolu i pięciochlorofenolu w powietrzu metodą chromatografii gazowej [en polonés]
Review of the industrial uses and toxic effects of chlorophenol and pentachlorophenol (PCP), and methods for their determination in air. Description of a method for determination by gas chromatography with a flame-ionisation detector. The lower limit of the method is 0.03µg p-chlorophenol and 0.15µg PCP per sample. The method is based on the absorption of vapours in a Na₂CO₃ solution, the chromatography column being filled, in the case of p-chlorophenol, with silicon oil DC-550 at 150-180°C and, in the case of PCP, with diethylene glycol polysuccinate at 190°C to which 2% phosphoric acid is added. The method is highly sensitive and selective. The conditions for determination established for p-chlorophenol can be used for determining concentrations of 0- and m-chlorophenol, dichlorophenol, phenol, and cresols occurring in mixtures in ambient air.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1979, Vol.29, No.103, p.303-315. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 80-1516
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften).
Safety rules for prevention of fire and explosion hazards due to alcohol disinfectants
Sicherheitsregeln zur Vermeidung von Brand- und Explosionsgefahren durch alkoholische Desinfektionsmittel [en alemán]
This guideline dated Oct. 1979 covers disinfection of premises, surfaces, equipment and skin. Other relevant rules and standards are listed. Rules are given for precautions to be taken in the use of liquid or spray disinfectants (quantity, surface area and maximum temperature, dilution) and marking. Appendices, excerpts of guidelines for prevention of hazards of explosive atmospheres, VDE regulations for electrical installations at workplaces presenting an explosion hazard.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5000 Köln 1, Federal Republic of Germany. 15p. Price: DM.1.00.

CIS 80-1028 Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone. [en francés]
Data sheet containing information on: presentation, use, pathology, emergency treatment, prevention, TLV, regulations.
Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 4th quarter 1979, Vol.19, special number, toxicology (supplement to No.76). p.39. 5 ref.

CIS 80-432
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Gruppen för utarbetande av standardmetoder.
Determination of furfural and furfuryl alcohol in air
Bestämning av furfural och furfurylalkohol i luft [en sueco]
Standardised method by gas chromatography: principle, sampling on adsorbent, analysis after desorption, method of calculating concentration, contents of analysis report.
Metod nr 1019, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, June 1979. 8p. 1 ref.

CIS 80-442 Ebner H., Helletzgruber M., Höfer R., Kolbe H., Weissel M., Winker N.
Vitiligo due to p-tert-butylphenol - Problem of internal manifestations of this occupational disease
Vitiligo durch p-tert-Butylphenol - Beitrag zur Frage interner Manifestationen dieser Berufserkrankung [en alemán]
Case studies of vitiligoid depigmentation attributed to the action of p-tert-butylphenol in 10 workers employed in resin and paint manufacture. Description of workplace conditions, dust measurement and dermatological findings, clinical examinations (methods, results). In 5 cases, signs of liver damage were observed, but no vitiligo-hepatosphenopathy-struma association was found. Preventive measures taken: wearing of respirators and gloves, dust control by wetting and hermetically enclosed processes, separation of work clothes from ordinary clothing, showers to be taken immediately on going off work, medical examinations.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1979, Vol.27, No.4, p.99-104. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 80-112 Vizethum W., Goerz G.
Does 2,4,5-trichlorophenol have a porphyrogenic effect?
Ist 2,4,5-Trichlorphenol ein Porphyrogen? [en alemán]
0.05% 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) and 0.05% hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were administered orally to rats for 70 days. No difference was observed in the elimination of porphyrins between the TCP-treated animals and controls. The porphyrogenic effect of HCB cannot be ascribed to TCP (as with pentachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol).
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1979, Vol.27, No.3, p.78. 7 ref.

CIS 80-107 Klaschka F., Nieding G., Walter R.
Skin sensitisation due to wood preservatives containing pentachlorophenol
Zur Frage der Hautsensibilisierung durch Pentachlorphenol (PCP)- haltige Holzschutzmittel [en alemán]
Review of the properties, uses and toxic effects of this substance, and a report on an investigation of skin reactions by patch testing, and some case studies. In some cases the patch tests gave rise to reactions of the contact dermatitis type. No proof of allergic reaction in the strict sense was observed. In view of the frequency and intensity of exposure in actual practice, pentachlorophenol seems to be not a very active allergen.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Prophylaxe, June 1979, Vol.29, No.6, p.150-154. 20 ref.

CIS 79-1969 Lamberton J., Griffin D., Arbogast B., Inman R., Deinzer M.
The determination of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in pentachlorophenol and wood treatment solutions.
Samples of technical pentachlorophenol (PCP), recirculated PCP solution and sludge from the bottom of the recirculation tank were analysed. Normalised against the PCP content, the octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin level was 34% higher in the recirculating PCP solution, and 90% higher in the sludge, than in the fresh solution. The relative content of heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the sludge was similar.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1979, Vol.40, No.9, p.816-822. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 79-1952 Jindal H.R.
Bilateral retrobulbar neuritis due to insecticides
Névrite rétrobulbaire bilatérrale due à un insecticide. [en francés]
Translation of an article in Postgraduate Medical Journal, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1968, Vol.44, No.3, p.341-342. This is a case report in a subject exposed to an insecticide containing dieldrin and pentachlorophenol, for 8h daily for 4 consecutive days, without respiratory protection. The only symptom was marked loss of visual acuity.
Traduction INRS 5-79, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1979. 5p. 3 ref.

CIS 79-1813 Phenol.
Uses, hazards (volatile combustible solid which gives off flammable, toxic vapours when heated, and may spread fire by melting and flowing as it burns; highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption); precautions (storage of molten and solid phenol, marking of containers, ventilation; prohibition of naked flames or hot elements; enclosed plant for processes using phenol; electrical equipment for use in atmospheres containing flammable concentrations); fire fighting; physical and chemical properties; chemical reactions.
Fire Prevention, H 82, Information sheets on hazardous materials, Fire Protection Association, Aldermary House, Queen Street, London EC4N 1TJO. London, United Kingdom, July 1979, No.131, p.47-48.

CIS 79-1703 Angerer J.
Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents - V. Chromatographic methods for determination of phenols in urine
Chronische Lösungsmittelbelastung am Arbeitsplatz - V. Chromatographische Methoden zur Bestimmung von Phenolen im Harn [en alemán]
In relation with his studies on the metabolism of alkyl benzenes, the author developed a gas chromatographic method for the determination of phenol and cresol in urine and a high pressure liquid chromatographic method for comparison. The methods and results of determinations are described. The principle is a liberation of phenol by acid hydrolysis and simultaneous separation from urine by steam distillation. The comparison included a known photometric determination method. The detection limits lie between 0.2 and 1.3mg/l.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1979, Vol.42, No.3-4, p.257-268. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 79-1702 Baumann K., Angerer J.
Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents - VI. Formic acid concentration in blood and urine as an indicator of methanol exposure.
Blood, urine and expiratory air were collected in 20 workers exposed in a printing shop to 85, 101 and 134ppm methanol. The increase in formic acid blood levels during the shift was found to be a very useful parameter for biological monitoring of methanol exposure around 100ppm. Determinations of methanol concentrations in the ambient air or in the exhaled air are only crude estimates.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1979, Vol.42, No.3-4, p.241-249. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 79-1684
Bekanntmachung, Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung), Bonn, 10 July 1979.
Data sheets for medical examination relating to Nos. 1307, 1310, 2104, 4301 and 4302 of schedule 1 of the occupational diseases Ordinance
Merkblätter für die ärztliche Untersuchung zu den Nrn. 1307, 1310, 2104, 4301 und 4302 der Anlage 1 zur Berufskrankheitenverordnung (BeKV) [en alemán]
The diseases covered are: 1307 - those due to organophosphates; 1310 - those due to halogenated alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl oxides; 2104 - blood circulation disorders of the hands due to vibration; 4301 - obstructive respiratory diseases due to allergens; 4302 - obstructive respiratory diseases due to irritant or toxic chemicals. A brief definition of the causal agent is given in each case, with information on the hazard source, physiopathology, clinical picture and diagnosis, and history-taking and medico-legal aspects.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, July-Aug. 1979, No.7-8, p.69-75. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 79-1624 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to furfuryl alcohol.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of disease due to furfuryl alcohol. The time-weighted average ceiling concentration as determined for up to a 10h workshift and 40h workweek is 200mg/m³ (50ppm). Other recommendations relate to medical surveillance, labeling and posting, personal protective equipment (respirators), information of personnel, work practices, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed: biological effects (exposure extent, history, effects on animals and humans, dose-response relatton), environmental data and engineering controls, development of standard, research needs. Procedures for sampling and analysis and physical and chemical properties are given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.79-133, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Mar. 1979, 60p. Illus. 72 ref.

CIS 79-1383 Klisenko M.A., Kiseleva N.I., Kokarovceva M.G.
Determination by gas chromatography of ethylene chlorhydrin (chloroethanol) in the blood and liver tissue of warm-blooded animals (rat)
Gazohromatografičeskij metod opredelenija ėtilenhlorgidrina (hlorėtanola) v krovi i pečeni teplokrovnyh životnyh (krys) [en ruso]
Description of a method involving sampling of 15-18ml blood or 20-25ml liver tissue subsequently crushed in a porcelain mortar after addition of anhydrous sodium sulfate to dehydrate the sample. The blood is extracted with diethyl ether and liver tissue by n-hexane. The extracts are filtered and the solvents evaporated in a water bath. After evaporation, acetone is added and the mixture cooled. The acetone is evaporated in a water bath and the solution thus obtained is introduced into the chromatograph. Reproduction of 2 chromatograms and results of several samplings.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1979, No.3, p.54-55. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 79-1363 Blinova Ė.A., Mjannik Ė.I.
Toxicity of shale phenols and methods for their determination in air
Toksičnost' slancevyh fenolov i metody ih opredelenija v vozduhe [en ruso]
Literature survey reporting health damage in workers exposed to these phenols (raised frequency of upper arway disease, neuralgia and disorders of the autonomic nervous system), the composition of the incriminated phenols (phenol content of the volatile part of the mixture extracted from shale pitch: 35-40%; cresols content: 42-47%; dihydric phenols content: 15.5%) and animal experiments conducted to study the acute and chronic effects of these substances. Analysis of the results obtained shows that shale phenols have general toxic effects on the body, causing damage especially to the nervous system and parenchymal organs such as the liver. The authors recommend a TLV of 0.3mg/m³ for water-soluble shale phenols.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Jan. 1979, No.1, p.24-27. 15 ref.

1978

CIS 79-1339 Samama E.P.
Poisoning due to pentachlorophenol: 22 case studies
Intoxication par le pentachlorophénol: à propos de 22 observations. [en francés]
MD thesis. Pentachlorophenol is very widely used as a fungicide in many trades (particularly in the woodworking industry) and for domestic purposes. The author takes stock of the present state of the art concerning this substance: properties, place and mode of utilisation in the woodworking industry, physio-pathology, experimental and human toxicology (review of 29 fatal cases and many cases of varying severity referred to in the literature), symptomatology, personal observations, occupational hygiene. Much space is devoted to the possible role of dioxin constituents in poisoning by commercial-grade chlorophenol and to the haematological toxicity of this substance.
Université de Paris VII, Faculté de médecine Lariboisière - Saint-Louis, Paris, France, 1978. 128p. 72 ref.

CIS 79-1325 Mráz M., Flek J., Šedivec V.
Is the urinary formic acid level an index of human exposure to methanol vapour?
Je hladina kyseliny mravenčí v moči ukazatelem úrovně expozice člověka parám metanolu? [en checo]
Report of experiments in which 4 volunteers were exposed for 8h to methanol vapour in concentrations approximating to, or double, the Czechosovak TLV (100mg/m³). The methanol dose received in these conditions was relatively small. Methanol metabolism was too insignificant for any increase in urinary excretion of formic acid to be determined. Consequently, monitoring of urinary formic acid cannot be used as an index of exposure to methanol vapour.
Pracovní lékařství, Oct. 1978, Vol.30, No.9, p.333-337. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 79-1074 Levin J.O., Rappe C., Nilsson C.A.
Exposure of hospital staff to bactericides
Sjukvårdspersonals exposition för baktericider [en sueco]
Report on a study of 3 commonly used bactericides: hexachlorophene, Irgasan DP 300 and chlorhexidine. The investigation concerned their uses, toxicology and blood levels, and involved exposure tests (the results of analysis of blood samples from exposed persons are given). The chemical interaction between various disinfectants or antiseptics and the impurities found in commercial grades were also studied. The following measures are recommended to limit the exposure of hospital staff: regular surveillance of blood levels, careful rinsing of the hands after thorough washing, wearing gloves, substitution of soap and hot water for disinfectants. Appended: description of monitoring of blood levels of the 3 bactericides and text of an article in English on the genetic activity of chlorophenols and chlorophenol impurities.
Undersökningsrapport 1978:18, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Fack, 100 26 Stockholm, Sweden, June 1978. 34p. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 79-1060 Slaga T.J., Bracken W.M., Dresner S., Levin W., Yagi H., Jerina D.M., Conney A.H.
Skin tumor-initiating activities of the twelve isomeric phenols of benzo(a)pyrene
11-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was moderately active in mice, and the 2-hydroxy isomer and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) itself were strong tumour initiators when applied topically to mice followed by application of a promotor substance. The other hydroxy isomers had less than 5% of the tumour initiation activity of BP. BP produced tumours in 13 weeks and 2- and 11-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene in 15 weeks.
Cancer Research, Mar. 1978, Vol.38, p.678-681. 36 ref.

CIS 79-751 Levin J.O., Nilsson C.A., Westermark S.O., Andersson K.
Sampling and analysis of organic substances in the list of threshold limit values - III. Epichlorohydrin - Ethylenechlorohydrin
Provtagning och analys av organiska ämnen på gränsvärdeslistan. III. Epiklorhydrin - Etylenklorhydrin [en sueco]
Evaluation and results of sampling methods for these 2 substances by adsorption on active charcoal or on Amberlite XAD (a granular, cross-linked polymer); the best results were obtained by desorption of active charcoal or Amberlite XAD-7 (polyacrylate), using CH₂Cl₂. Description of methods of analysis by gas chromatography. If these 2 substances are present simultaneously in the atmosphere they can be monitored simultaneously.
Undersökningsrapport 1978:23, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Fack, 100 26 Stockholm, Sweden, 1978. 10p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: Swe-cr.10.00.

CIS 79-739 Labunskij V.V., Ljahova L.A.
Data for establishment of a maximum admissible concentration of hydroquinone in the workplace air
Materialy k obosnovaniju predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii gidrohinona v vozduhe rabočej zony [en ruso]
Results of medical examinations in 37 hydroquinone-production workers and chronic and subacute toxicity studies are reported. Hydroquinone is widely used as a developer and antioxidant. The exposed workers showed low red blood cell counts and haemoglobin levels, and complained of strong eye and mucosal irritation. The toxic and irritant effects were confirmed in rats, which developed anaemia and presented lesions of parenchymal organs and metabolic disturbances. An exposure limit of 0.5mg/m³ is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1978, No.9, p.35-38. 7 ref.

CIS 79-484 Ikeda M., Hirayama T., Watanabe T., Hara I.
GLC analysis of alkylphenols, alkylcatechols and phenylphenols in the urine of workers as a measure to prevent occupational leucoderma.
Gas-liquid chromatographic systems are described for quantitative analysis of p-tert-butylphenol, p-tert-amylphenol, p-octylphenol, p- and o-phenylphenol, 3- and 4-methylcatechol, 3-isopropylcatechol, and 4-tert-butylcatechol. The systems were successfully applied for the exposure assessment of workers in the chemical industry producing p-tert-butylphenol, p-octylphenol and/or 4-tert-butylcatechol. Urine concentrations were higher in product packers, who had higher estimated exposure, than in plant operators and engineers. They were reduced by improved hygiene conditions in the workshops. The importance of biological monitoring is discussed in connection with possible skin penetration. A urinary p-tert-butylphenol concentration of 2µg/ml is tentatively proposed as the biological limit to prevent a leucodermogenic effect.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1978, Vol.41, No.2, p.125-138. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 79-114 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to hydroquinone.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational disease due to hydroquinone. The ceiling concentration is 2.Omg/m³ (about 44ppm) determined during a 15-min collection period. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of personnel, work and sanitation practices, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads: biological effects of exposure, environmental data and engineering controls and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis are given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-155, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Apr. 1978. 182p. 127 ref.

CIS 78-1635 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to cresol.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to any of the isomers of cresol or to their mixtures. When skin contact is prevented, the time-weighted average maximum concentration is 10mg/m³ (2.3ppm) for up to a 10h workshift and 40h workweek. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of personnel, work and sanitation practices, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data; work practices and development of the standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis, and useful additional information are given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-133, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Feb. 1978. 117p. Illus. 82 ref.

CIS 78-1373 Koleva M.
Changes in urinary excretion of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase on combined exposure to ethylene glycol and high temperature
Promeni v ekskrecijata na gama-glutamiltranspeptidazata, levcinaminopeptidazata i alkalnata fosfataza v urinata pri kombinirano dejstvie na etilenglikol i visoka temperatura [en búlgaro]
Results of experiments with rats to determine these changes 2, 8, 15, 30 and 90 days after exposure, separately or simultaneously, to ethylene glycol (EG) (1/8 LD₅₀) and 35°C ambient temperature. The effect of ambient heat alone caused an increase in enzyme excretion at the early stage of exposure, whereas exposure to EG alone caused a reduction in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTR) and leucine-aminopeptidase, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase excretion. The temperature factor attenuated the toxic effect of EG on these enzymes towards the end of the observation period. Changes in GTR excretion are the earliest and most sensitive sign of tubular lesions.
Problemi na higienata, 1977, Vol.3, p.35-46. 26 ref.

CIS 78-1339 Yrjanheikki E.
A new method for personnel sampling and analyzing of phenol.
Concentrations of 2.5-100mg/m³ phenol in air were measured by a method involving adsorption of phenol on activated carbon, leaching in diethyl ether and quantitative analysis as a trimethylsilyl derivative by gas chromatography. Recovery was 96-102%; sensitivity was 0.5mg/m³. The method was more sensitive and specific than conventional liquid absorption, and can be adapted for breathing zone monitoring of phenol.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1978, Vol.39, No.4, p.326-330. 7 ref.

1977

CIS 90-1817 Pentachlorophenol
Pięciochlorofenol [en polonés]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limit (USSR) = 0.1mg/m³.
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy, 1 Ul. Tamka, 00-349 Warszawa 30, Poland, 1977. 2p.

CIS 78-1617 Hadžieva J.
Activity of some enzyme indicators in persons occupationally exposed to phenol and acetone
Prosledjavane aktivnostta na njakoi enzimni pokazateli u lica v profesionalen kontakt s fenol i aceton [en búlgaro]
The activity of the liver-specific enzymes ornithine carbamoyl transferase, guanase and leucine aminopeptidase was studied in the blood serum of these workers. The mean concentrations of phenol and acetone were several times the exposure limit. There was a statistically significant increase in ornithine carbamoyl transferase and guanase activity. The problem of hyperenzymaemia is discussed.
Letopisi na higienno-epidemiologičnata služba, 1977, Vol.10, No.6, p.45-48. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1090 Pančenko E.N., Nalča I.F., Dzjuba N.I., Luk'janova N.P.
Influence of industrial factors on the course of cerebral atherosclerosis in methanol plant employees
Vlijanie proizvodstvennyh faktorov na razvitie cerebral'nogo ateroskleroza u rabočih metanolovogo zavoda [en ruso]
Results of clinical and neurological observations in 104 chemical industry workers (84 of whom were exposed to carbon monoxide and to methanol) to study the course of cerebral atherosclerosis. Nearly all the exposed subjects suffered from migraine. Neurological symptoms: tremor of the eyelids and fingers, hyperhidrosis, weakening of dermographic response (or, on the contrary, over-reaction), vascular dysfunction. Clinical and biochemical findings: increase in β-lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, increase in coagulation properties of the blood, etc. - all characteristic signs of atherosclerosis.
Vračebnoe delo, Apr. 1977, No.4, p.109-113. 16 ref.

CIS 78-1012 Levin J.O., Westermark S.O.
Analytical methods for organic substances on the TLV list. II. Phenol, furfural, furfuryl alcohol
Analys av organiska ämnen på gränsvärdeslistan. II. Fenol, furfural, furfurylalkohol [en sueco]
Report on a comparative study during which activated charcoal and Amberlite XAD-2 were tested for their adsorption capacities. The latter adsorbent proved to be superior to charcoal. Description of the gas chromatographic analyses of the 3 compounds after sampling in factory air.
Undersökningsrapport 1977:24, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Fack, 100 26 Stockholm, Sweden, 1977. 10p. 6 ref.

CIS 78-791 James O., Mayes R.W., Stevenson C.J.
Occupational vitiligo induced by p-tert-butylphenol, a systemic disease?
Vitiligo was detected in 54 of 198 men exposed to p-tert-butylphenol (PTBP) during its manufacture. Clinical and laboratory findings are reported. There was evidence of a systemic mechanism, severity of the disease being related to intensity of exposure. There was no evidence of autoimmune disease. Liver damage occurred in the affected workers, and could be related to PTBP.
Lancet, 10 Dec. 1977, Vol.2, No.8050, p.1217-1219. 8 ref.

CIS 78-26
H64, Information sheets on hazardous materials, Fire Protection Association, London.
n-Butanol.
Details are given of uses of n-butanol, hazards (flammability, toxicity), fire fighting, fire precautions (storage, ventilation, flame arresters, handling, spills, pressure relief devices, vents, etc.), source of further information, relevant British regulations, physical and chemical properties.
Fire Prevention, Dec. 1977, No.122, p.47-48.

CIS 78-157 Greenblatt D.R., Rosman J., Freedman M.L.
Benzene and ethanol additive inhibition of rabbit reticulocyte heme and protein synthesis.
The haeme and protein synthesis were measured in vitro. The protein synthesis inhibitions were: benzene 29.9%, ethanol 20.5%, both 42.3%, haeme synthesis: benzene 26.6%, ethanol 25.5%, both 39.7%. It is suggested that it might be prudent for workers exposed to benzene to limit their intake of alcohol.
Environmental Research, June 1977, Vol.13, No.3, p.425-431. 22 ref.

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