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1978

CIS 78-1209
National Joint Technical Committee for the Building Trades (Comité technique national du bâtiment et des travaux publics), Paris, 10 Jan. 1978.
Tower cranes
Grues à tour. [in French]
This recommendation consists mainly of a table indicating the periodicity and nature of tests to be performed on the slewing ring fastening bolts for new equipment and equipment already in service, and the steps to be taken in the event of defective parts.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd quarter 1978, No.91, Note No.1124-91-78 (Recommendation No.136), p.335-337.

CIS 78-1438 Al'perovič A.I., Pajkin V.I., Kalinin N.P.
Device to prevent accidental movement and overturning of tower cranes
Predohranitel'noe ustrojstvo ot ugona i oprokidyvanija bašennyh kranov [in Russian]
Description of a semi-automatic rail grip which satisfies the conditions laid down by a new Soviet standard on tower crane safety. The rail is left free during normal movement of the crane along it, while the grip engages under the rail head as soon as the wheel loses contact with the rail for any reason. An automatic model of the device has been developed for regions subject to high winds.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Feb. 1978, No.2, p.46. Illus.

1977

CIS 87-1180 Manitoba Regulation 205/77 relating to derricks, cranes and other hoisting equipment [Canada - Manitoba]
Regulation issued under the Workplace Safety and Health Act (1976).
Queen's Printer, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Oct. 1977. 2p.

CIS 79-317 Di Maggio G., Viola E.
Travel-limiting devices on lifting equipment
Dispositivi di fine corsa negli apparecchi di sollevamento [in Italian]
Limit positions for the pulley block during lifting and lowering loads are defined. Travel-limiting devices for mobile cranes are presented: 3 circuits which stop the electric winch motor at the limit of travel of the pulley block and 2 types of circuit for cranes with a telescopic jib; various hydraulic or mechanical limiting devices acting on the control elements or the injection pump of diesel powered cranes. Some of the devices limit jib travel.
Securitas, Sep.-Oct. 1977, Vol.62, No.9-10, p.508-521. Illus.

CIS 78-1801 Rules concerning lifting equipment
Règles concernant les appareils de levage. [in French]
These rules define lifting equipment as "all materials handling equipment by which loads can be transported vertically by a power-driven lifting device, and can also be moved in one or more directions by one or more power-driven mechanisms". The rules are divided into: general rules; construction and equipment; hoists; traversing and slewing mechanisms; crane cabins and means of access; safety of working platforms for repair jobs, etc.; safe distances; controls; electrical equipment; chains, hooks, grabs and other lifting accessories; operating rules; erection, assembly, maintenance, inspection and testing. A commentary on some of the rules is appended.
Form. 1845, Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents), Luzern, Switzerland, July 1977. 48p.

CIS 78-1202 Behrens L.
Prevention of crushing and shearing hazards by observing safe distances with overhead travelling cranes
Vermeidung von Quetsch- und Schergefahren durch Einhaltung von Sicherheitsabständen an Krananlagen [in German]
Full text of the provisions of the West German safety regulations concerning cranes (VBG 9) with respect to safe distances, and comment on the regulations with accompanying diagrams: lateral safe distance between crane and nearby objects, installation of railings, upper and lower safe distances. Strict observance of these safe distances around lifting equipment could significantly reduce the number of overhead travelling crane accidents.
Sicherheitsingenieur, May 1977, Vol.8, No.5, p.18-21 and 42-43. Illus.

CIS 78-606 Electromagnets used with crane hoists.
Description of the uses, types of design, power sources and hazards involved in the use of electric lifting magnets. Recommendations for hazard elimination in magnetic handling of ferrous scrap and stock: storage, selection of design features, safe procedures in operation, preventive maintenance, hand signals for cab-operated monorail or underhung cranes.
National Safety News, Data Sheet 359, Revision B, National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago 60611, 1977. Chicago, USA, Nov. 1977, Vol.116, No.5, p.71-75. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 78-601 Gluško M.F., Levčenko N.N., Kozlov M.A.
Safety winches for overhead travelling cranes
Bezopasnye polispasty dlja kranov mostovogo tipa [in Russian]
Description of a twin-drum winch which not only holds the load if the rope breaks but also facilitates lowering of the load. The novelty of the device is a twin balancing drum for winding the 2 opposite rope ends, equipped at both sides with 2 screws on which the stopping discs turn. If the rope breaks at any point, the rope end attached to the corresponding balancing drum unwinds and pushes the stopping disc against the brake, which gently arrests the drum.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, May 1977, No.5, p.43-44. Illus.

CIS 78-305 Evans R.
Safe erection and dismantling of tower cranes.
This article covers: compliance with manufacturer's instructions; competent supervision of erection and dismantling; general precautions; foundations, rail tracks and hardstandings (static and mobile cranes, hardstandings for truck- and crawler-mounted cranes); installation of crane base or chassis; erection of mast; assembly and erection of counter-jib, counterweight and main jib; extension or retraction of mast; energising of electrical installation during erection; testing and examination; dismantling.
Safety Management - Veiligheidsbestuur, Oct. 1977, Vol.3, No.10, p.19-23.

CIS 78-302 Erofeev N.I., Podobed V.A.
Crane operation under strong wind conditions
Rabota pod"emnyh kranov pri sil'nom vetre [in Russian]
Description of a method of drawing up a wind map developed in a Black Sea port; reproduction of an equation whose terms express wind direction and force at different locations. With this equation, the wind conditions calling for interruption of work for reasons of safety can be predicted.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Mar. 1977, No.3, p.37-38. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 78-301 Azpiazu J.
Safe erection of cranes
La seguridad en el montaje de grúas [in Spanish]
Profusely illustrated article indicating safe methods of erecting rail-bound mobile tower cranes, to prevent accidents during crane erection and operation. Contents: safety requirements for electric power supply cable; track-laying (type of soil, sleepers, rails, buffers, earthing, etc.); installation of base platform; erection of counter-jib and jib; positioning of 2 first elements of turret (telescopic cage, ballast, etc.); positioning of lifting cable and saddle trolley; terminal operations (anchoring, assembly of travelling gear, etc.). Table of crane signals.
Prevención, July-Sep. 1977, No.61, p.23-29. Illus.

CIS 78-8 Inspection of cranes and other lifting equipment
Besiktning av kranar och vissa andra lyftanordningar [in Swedish]
These directives (entry into force: 1 Oct. 1977) apply to fixed and mobile cranes (including derricks, cableway transporters, floating cranes and stacking cranes), mobile platforms and suspended cradles. They prescribe the conditions for, and scope of, the inspections required before such equipment can be put into service, periodic inspections (generally once a year) and inspections following dismantling, transport and erection.
Meddelanden 1977:13, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, 15 June 1977. 8p. Gratis.

CIS 78-7 Amendment of Directives No.103, building crane drivers' cabs
Ändring i anvisningarna nr 103, Byggkranhytter [in Swedish]
These directives (entry into force: 1 Jan. 1978) contain amendments to Directives No.103 (CIS 76-305) with respect to the distance between fixed ladders and ladder cage (65cm instead of 55cm), minimum cab dimensions (100x130cm), allowance for resistance to movement of controls, location of trapdoor in cab floor, heating, visibility, etc.
Meddelanden 1977:15, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, 1 July 1977. 4p. Gratis.

CIS 77-1808 Herbst D.
Prevention of accidents when using non-railbound mobile cranes
Unfallverhütung beim Betrieb von gleislosen Fahrzeugkranen [in German]
Rules and recommendations (profusely illustrated) for safe work with mobile cranes in building construction and transport. The following aspects are covered: use of power shovels to lift loads; danger points in the driving and lifting mechanisms; crane components and equipment (access, safe loads and load-limiting devices); testing; erection; stabilising; operational procedures; lifting of loads other than vertically; work near overhead electric lines; dismantling; lifting tackle. Tables of safe working loads for wire ropes and chains, wind speeds and wind loads (Beaufort scale) are appended.
Berufsgenossenschaft für Fahrzeughaltungen, Max-Brauer-Allee 44, 2000 Hamburg 50, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Jan. 1977. 120p. Illus.

CIS 77-1803
Guidance Note PM9, Health and Safety Executive, London.
Guidance note: Access to tower cranes.
This guidance note, which replaces H.M. Factory Inspectorate Technical Data Note TDN 27 (CIS 942-1973 Jfuj Jmuz (627)), gives advice on safe means of access to, and provision of, safe workplaces in tower cranes. It is emphasised that manufacturers' advice should be sought before making modifications to cranes in order to provide means of safe access since the cranes' strength and stability may be affected. Sections are devoted to access to mast and driver's cab and access to jib and counter-jib, for purposes of erecting, dismantling, inspection, maintenance and repair. A list of the United Kingdom statutory provisions is included.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, Apr. 1977. 4p. Illus.

CIS 77-1210 Delhaye.
Study of some hazards of operating overhead travelling cranes
Etude de quelques risques concernant la commande des ponts roulants. [in French]
Considerations on some problems concerning the supply of direct current to overhead travelling cranes, main disconnecting switch or circuit breaker, and brake system when the crane is equipped with AC power supply. Suggested solutions to these problems.
Promotion de la prévention, 1st quarter 1977, No.39, p.25-31. Illus.

CIS 77-1174 Maule H.G., Weiner J.S.
Human factors in work, design and production.
This book presents 4 case studies - crane cabs; slab shearing; trawler fishermen's protective clothing; quality control of coins - to illustrate the basic principles of ergonomic analysis. Each problem is investigated in terms of problem identification, laboratory experiments, field studies, new design, development and validation.
Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd., 10-14 Macklin Street, London WC2B 5NF, United Kingdom, 1977. 138p. Illus. 51 ref. Price: £7.00.

CIS 77-626 Lifting and construction site equipment used near overhead electric lines
Appareils de levage et engins de chantier travaillant au voisinage de lignes aériennes. [in French]
This data sheet, prepared by a group of engineers of the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), recalls the French regulations concerning the operation of construction site equipment in the vicinity of overhead electric lines, and shows that merely earthing this type of equipment does not provide adequate protection for workers operating the equipment or slingers. The earthing circuit should be supplemented by an automatic circuit-breaker sensitive to fault current or fault voltage. Otherwise, construction site equipment not fitted with an automatic circuit-breaker of this kind should be kept well away from all electrical installations, as prescribed by regulations. Procedure to be followed in the case of accidental contact with overhead lines.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1977, No.86, Note No.1047-86-77, p.41-46. Illus.

1976

CIS 79-1801 Slinging and hand signals in crane operation
Anbinden und Einweisen beim Krantransport [in German]
This film illustrates the danger of bad slinging practices and the dependence of the crane driver on accurate, clear hand signals. Examples of good practice are given.
Colour film, 16mm, magnetic sound track (German), 29min. On loan from Österreichisches Zentrum für Wirtschaftlichkeit und Produktivität, Hohenstaufengasse 3, 1010 Wien, and Österreichisches Filmservice, Schaumburgergasse 18, 1040 Wien, Austria, 1976.

CIS 78-1805 Haun H.
Transport of bricks and concrete blocks - Safe methods of transporting bricks and concrete blocks by tower crane
Transport des briques et agglomérés - Sécurité lors du transport par grue à tour. [in French]
Translation of: Steintransport. Sicherheit beim Transportieren von Steinen mit dem Turmdrehkran. Württembergische Bau-Berufsgenossenschaft Mitteilungen, Stuttgart, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Mar. 1976, Vol.17, No.1, p.20-30. Illus. An enumeration of the various ways of piling and strapping bricks and concrete blocks for lifting and loading, and a brief overview of the types of accidents which can occur in handling these materials, are followed by safety rules for their handling by tower crane (transport between delivery vehicle or storage area and worksite). Responsibilities of project director, foreman and crane driver. Specifications for various types of loading cages and their use. A list of practical tips and advice concludes this well-illustrated text.
Traduction INRS 65 B-76, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1976. 38p. Illus.

CIS 78-907 Perazzi F., Perazzi M.
Tension and flexion in mobile crane structures - Testing procedures
Le strutture pressoinflesse delle autogrù - Procedimenti di verifica - Considerazioni [in Italian]
The case of a girder hinged at its ends, with a load at the point and a uniformly distributed transverse load, is examined. Calculations follow for the testing of structures used in mobile cranes, employing the exact formula, an approximate one, and the formulae given in a German and an Italian standard; the results are compared.
Securitas, Nov.-Dec. 1976, Vol.61, No.11-12, p.485-495. 4 ref.

CIS 78-904 Stability of mobile non-trackbound cranes
Stabilité des grues mobiles non montées sur rails. [in French]
Translation of: Standsicherheit für gleislose Fahrzeugkrane. DIN 15019, Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin (West), 1968. 3p. Illus. This West German standard applies to mobile cranes, self-propelled construction-site cranes, track-mounted cranes and trailer cranes. The rules for determining their stability are given, either by calculation (overturning axis), or tests under load. Commentary.
Traduction INRS 75 B-76, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1976. 10p. Illus.

CIS 78-307 Scheffler M.
Stability of mobile cranes
Stabilité des grues mobiles. [in French]
Translation of: Zur Problematik der Standsicherheit von Fahrzeugkranen. Hebezeuge und Fördermittel, Berlin, Germany (Dem.Rep.), Oct. 1975, Vol.15, No.10, p.290-294. Illus. 6 ref. (CIS 77-2). Mobile cranes are particularly susceptible to overturning. Load capacity, boom length, and lifting height and speed of such cranes have greatly increased in recent years, and studies and measures to ensure their stability are required. Determination of the axis of tilt, stability calculations, tilting work and intrinsic stability are discussed. The minimum tilting moment is determined by calculation or empirically.
Traduction INRS 45 B-76, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1976. 18p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 77-1506 Directives for the design and inspection of electrically-operated overhead travelling cranes and similar equipment
Anvisningar om utförande och kontroll av eldrivna traverskranar och liknande kranar [in Swedish]
These directives (entry into force: 1 Jan. 1977) lay down that electrically-driven overhead travelling cranes should be designed and equipped in conformity with Swedish Standard IKH 6.31.06, and specifiy inspection procedures (compliance tests, inspections, periodic checks, maintenance and repairs). The text of Swedish Standards IKH 8.00.03 (testing of lifting equipment) and IKH 8.00.04 (periodic checks of lifting equipment) is appended.
Anvisningar nr 113, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, Nov. 1976. 12p. Price: Swe-cr.5.25.

CIS 77-1217 Overhead and gantry cranes - Top running bridge, multiple girder.
This standard, which revises ANSI B30.2.0-1967 (CIS 182-1969 Jfud (203)), forms part of the USA standard safety code for cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks, jacks and slings. It applies to top running overhead, and gantry cranes including polar, semi-gantry, cantilever gantry, wall cranes and similar cranes, grouped together because they have top running trolleys and similar travel characteristics. Definitions are followed by specifications regarding: construction and installation (marking; clearances; runways and supporting structure; crane construction; cabs; lubrication; footwalks and ladders; stops, bumpers, rail sweeps and guards; brakes; electrical equipment (controllers, resistors, switches, etc.); hoisting equipment); inspection, testing and maintenance, including rope inspection, replacement and maintenance; qualifications for operators; handling of load; signals; ladders; fire extinguishers. Standard hand signals are illustrated.
ANSI B30.2.0-1976, American National Standard, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017, USA, 1976, 29p. Illus. 13 ref. Price: US-$6.00.

CIS 77-1209 Use of tower cranes
Utilisation des grues à tour. [in French]
This brochure, which is intended for worksite managers and crane drivers, contains 2 check lists, one to be followed before commencing operations and the other for periodic overhauls: checking for good working order before and after operation; checking of installations, structures, organs and adjustments (rails, metal framework, brakes, safety devices, electrical equipment); maintenance (oil level in sump, greasing).
Edition INRS No.536, National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, July 1976. 24p.

CIS 77-908 Safety rules for cranes
Veiligheidsregels voor hijskraanen [in Dutch]
This circular informs all manufacturers concerned that, with effect from 1 Apr. 1977, all calculations of static and dynamic loads in cranes in the Netherlands are to be assessed exclusively on the basis of Dutch standards NEN 2018 (Cranes - Loads and combinations of loads) and NEN 2019 (Cranes - The metal structure). As regards travel limiting and stop devices actuated in the event of failure, crane makers should comply with the rules laid down in standard NEN 2023 (Cranes - Design requirements relating to safety) (CIS 74-1202). V-belt transmissions may not be used in crane lifting gear.
Informatiebulletin 76-2, Inspectorate of Labour, Directorate General of Labour (Arbeidsinspectie, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Voorburg, Netherlands, Oct. 1976. 3p.

CIS 77-905 Hannover H.O., Mechtold F., Tasche G.
Safety of cranes - Annotations to accident prevention regulations (VBG 9)
Sicherheit bei Kranen - Erläuterungen zur Unfallverhütungsvorschrift (VBG 9) [in German]
Profusely illustrated, exhaustive commentary on these safety regulations, which were issued in the Fed.Rep. of Germany in Dec. 1974 by the Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Berufsgenossenschaften). The introduction retraces the history of the regulations and refers to the problems of their application to various types of crane. Some explanations on the scope of the regulations, the type of equipment covered and other technical standards or regulations applicable, are followed by sections on: construction and equipment (indication of load, control post, access, platforms and walkways, safe distances, prevention of derailing, overturning and falls, brakes, travel limiting devices, load limiters, rails, warning devices, assembly instructions, etc.); tests before putting into operation, tests following major modifications, and periodic tests; operation (qualifications and responsibilities of cranedriver, coordination of several cranes, maintenance, entry, transport of personnel, operations which are forbidden or permitted in special circumstances, assembly and dismantling of mobile cranes, repairs and modifications); special provisions; various technical rules.
VDI-Verlag GmbH, Graf-Recke-Strasse 84, 4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1977. 223p. Illus. Price: DM.48.00.

CIS 77-605 Use of cranes to lift personnel - Instructions for owners, users, suppliers, lessors and lessees
Personløft med kran - Anvisninger for ejere, brugere, leverandører, udlånere og udlejere [in Danish]
These instructions (entry into force: 1 Sep. 1976) prescribe safety rules for work at height in aerial baskets or work platforms lifted by crane: legal liability of manufacturers, importers, vendors, lessors and parties repairing or using equipment of this type; criteria to be met by crane (good working order, maximum working load, travel limiting devices, etc.); features of aerial basket or platform (maximum weight: 1,000kg, railings, mode of suspension, etc.); precautions for raising and lowering and for work in or on suspended aerial baskets or platforms.
Publikation nr.65, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet), Rosenvængets Allé 16-18, 2100 København, Denmark, Sep. 1976. 8p. Gratis.

CIS 77-601
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, Mar. 1976.
Guidelines for vertically adjustable crane cabs
Richtlinien für höhenbewegliche Steuerstände von Kranen [in German]
These rules for the construction and equipment of vertically adjustable crane cabs are intended to ensure the crane driver's safety: marking, protection against falls, protection against the load striking the cab, cab suspension, travel limiting devices. Provisions concerning testing and operation.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5000 Köln 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1976. 7p.

CIS 77-306 Hentschel H.
Safe work with tower cranes in compliance with the new crane safety regulation
Sicherer Turmdrehkranbetrieb unter Berücksichtigung der neuen UVV "Krane" [in German]
Referring to the crane safety regulations VBG 9 (CIS 76-301), this article gives a number of safety rules for operating and assembling tower cranes, periodic inspections, selection of crane driver and slinger, and transport of loads. Recommendations concerning operating technique, position of crane when not in use, communication and signalling, co-ordination of 2 cranes, transport of persons, storm hazard and maintenance.
Die Berufsgenossenschaft, May 1976, Vol.28, No.5, p.172-179. Illus.

CIS 77-16 Cranes - Stability (safety against overturning)
Hijskranen - Stabiliteit (veiligheid tegen kantelen) [in Dutch]
This standard applies to all cranes and parts of cranes which are not fixed components of the supporting structure. The following aspects of stability are taken into consideration: crane subject to static loading; crane subject to dynamic loading and to wind; crane with load suddenly released; crane subject to storm conditions. Table of values for determining limit values of stability for various types of crane. Definition of axis and angle of tipping in the case of mobile cranes (with and without outriggers, and track-mounted). Coefficients to be used in calculations, to take into accunt any inadvertent movement of the crane due to the action of wind or storm.
NEN 2022, Netherlands Standards Institute (Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut), Polakweg 5, Rijswijk (ZH), Netherlands, Mar. 1976. 6p. Illus. Price: Glds.1.20.

CIS 76-1810 Materials handling: prevention of accidents
Manutention: des parades aux accidents. [in French]
After pointing out the great increase in the use of materials handling equipment, above and at ground level, and the resultant hazards, reference is made to the principle of segregating pedestrian walkways and traffic lanes on the ground. Detailed inventory of means to prevent accidents with overhead travelling cranes (especially collison between 2 cranes or striking against the buffer stops): anti-collison systems based on measurement of the distance by means of a material link between the moving object and a fixed reference point, or electronic devices functioning either by sensing of energy thresholds or by coincidence of the beam and sensor. In atmospheres that are highly charged with particles, smoke, dust or vapours, the use of ionising radiation may be of interest. The feasibility of an ultrasonic anti-collision device is under study in France.
Usine nouvelle, 16 Sep. 1976, No.38, p.66-67. Illus.

CIS 76-1505 Safety manuals - Building contractors' plant - 4. Mobile cranes
Manuels de sécurité - Engins de chantier - 4. Grues mobiles. [in French]
This handy pocket-sized manual, illustrated with humorous drawings, is intended for crane drivers and repairmen. Contents: points of law crane drivers should know (regulations); description of 2 types of mobile cranes (self-propelled cranes, truck-mounted cranes) and their equipment; precautions before starting up, on starting and during operation (how to lift a load, work on sloping ground, work with 2 cranes, etc.); special hazards (electrical hazards, demolition work, breakdown of crane on the worksite); crane drivers' behaviour (alcohol, taking due care, etc.); equipment and accessories; transport, maintenance and periodic checking of vehicle.
Edition INRS n°516, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Mar. 1976. 85p. Illus.

1975

CIS 77-2 Scheffler M.
The problems of stability of mobile cranes
Zur Problematik der Standsicherheit von Fahrzeugkranen [in German]
Mobile cranes are particularly susceptible to overturning. Load capacity, boom length, and lifting height and speed of such cranes have greatly increased in recent years, and studies and measures to ensure their stability are required. Determination of the axis of tilt, stability calculations, tilting work and intrinsic stability are discussed. The minimum tilting moment is determined by calculation or empirically.
Hebezeuge und Fördermittel, Oct. 1975, Vol.15, No.10, p.290-294. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 76-1503 Tower cranes - General safety rules
Grues à tour - Règles générales de sécurité. [in French]
This standard applies to all mechanically operated tower cranes (dismountable, folding or telescopic). It specifies the rules for operation and the safety conditions to be satisfied by the construction and equipment of these cranes. Provisions relate to the following points: erection (stability, protection against derailing); electrical equipment; cabins and means of access; mechanisms, ropes, safety devices (torque limiter, tilting-moment limiter, overwinding cut-out, buffers, etc.); safety during operation, (load-rating plates and nameplates, warning signals, wind speed and direction indicator); maintenance and interventions; modification of equipment.
Norme française homologuée NF E 52-082, French Standards Association (Association française de normalisation), Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense Cedex 7, France, Oct. 1975. 10p.

CIS 76-1501 Tower cranes - Calculation rules
Grues à tour - Règles de calcul. [in French]
This standard specifies basic rules for calculating the structural steelwork of mechanically operated tower cranes and the requirements for such equipment as regards strength. Contents: stresses in crane structures (dead weight, load weight, inertia effects, centrifugal effects, load amplification factor, effect of wind, etc.); permissible stresses (in the elements and assemblies); calculation of fatigue strength. A classification of different types of assembly according to the notch effects they produce is tabulated.
Norme française homologuée NF E 52-081, French Standards Association (Association française de normalisation), Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense Cedex 7, France, Oct. 1975. 36p. Illus.

CIS 76-1206 Overhead travelling cranes - Compliance testing
Ponts roulants - Conduite des épreuves et essais. [in French]
This standard defines the conditions for testing of overhead travelling cranes, the criteria to be taken into consideration in deciding on putting them into service, and tests with a nominal load. Contents: procedures before testing (general examination, visual inspection of no-load operation, test of no-load operation of safety devices, testing ground); testing (estimation of loads, static test, dynamic test, tolerances); points to be observed during compliance testing; tests under nominal load; user's specifications.
Norme française enregistrée NF E 52-126, Association française de normalisation, Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense, Cedex 7, France, Mar. 1975. 6p. 4 ref.

CIS 76-908 Dickie D.E.
Crane handbook.
This handbook identifies the fundamentals of crane safety and recommends minimum safety requirements, guidelines and procedures. It is intended to become a working and training guide and deals with machine selection and equipment requirements, inspection, testing and maintenance, assembly, dismantling and transport, operating procedures and precautions relating to cranes used most commonly in construction - mobile and tower cranes. The text is accompanied by a wealth of instructive drawings. This handbook is intended for use with the rigging manual of the Construction Safety Association of Ontario.
Construction Safety Association of Ontario, 74 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2A5, Canada, 1st edition, Oct. 1975. 304p. Illus. Price: Can-$18.95.

CIS 76-610 Safety devices for cantilever lifting equipment
Dispositifs de sécurité des appareils de levage en porte-à-faux. [in French]
Cantilever lifting equipment causes a relatively high number of fatal accidents (some 50 per year in France). The author points out that despite frequent updating the French regulations on lifting equipment (Decree of 23 August 1974) have found little application. The present state of the art, however, has opened the way to strict appplication (difficult in the past) of the provisions forbidding overloading. The technical department of the French Organisation for Safety in Building Construction and Engineering (OPPBTP) has defined the technical conditions load-monitoring devices must satisfy: automatic cutout in the event of overload; visible and audible advance warning signals; automatic switch-over to the appropriate programme according to the effective load on the jib (variable-length jib; presence or absence of supporting jacks); automatic correction of cant; failsafe system; etc.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, July-Oct. 1975, No.4-5, p.155-158. 1 ref.

CIS 76-834 Hammerhead tower cranes.
This standard applies to the construction, installation, operation, inspection and maintenance of this type of crane. Definitions and references are followed by chapters devoted to: erection and construction; inspection, testing and maintenance; and operation (operator qualification, handling of the load, signals, etc.).
ANSI B30.3-1975, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017, USA. Standard approved on 20 Jan. 1975. 22p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: US-$4.50.

CIS 76-305
Anvisningar nr.103, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Feb. 1975.
Building crane drivers' cabs
Byggkranhytter [in Swedish]
These directives, which apply to tower cranes and to gantry or portal cranes, entered into force on 1 Oct. 1975. They apply to the design and layout of crane drivers' cabs (seat, minimum dimensions, layout of controls, visibility, well-insulated windows equipped with windscreen-wiper, door, heating, ventilation, lighting) and cab access.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden, 1975. 19p. Price: Swe-cr.6.40.

CIS 76-303 Ardouin G.
Surveillance and maintenance of tower cranes
Surveillance et entretien des grues à tour. [in French]
Review of manufacturers' instructions for the inspection and checks on critical parts of certain models of tower cranes: inspection of preset torque bolt assemblies; and of the elevating screw mechanism for telescopic cranes.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Mar.-Apr. 1975, No.2, p.60-61. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 76-9 Aerial baskets directly attached to the jib head of mobile cranes
Nacelles de travail installées directement sur la tête de flèche de grues mobiles. [in French]
This data sheet specifies the safety measures to be taken in the design of mobile cranes, so as to accommodate aerial baskets on their jib head rendering them equipment "especially designed for lifting personnel". Such aerial baskets may be used only when the lifting equipment is maintained in a stationary position. List of the relevant French regulations, followed by details of the hazards involved and advice on the construction of the basket (railings, means of access, anti-collision devices, etc.), on the fitting-out of the crane (siting of controls, speed and smoothness of movements, load and travel limiting devices, etc.), on protection of workers on the ground, and on means of leaving the basket in the event of breakdown.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Fiche de sécurité C.305, Organisation for Safety in Building Construction and Civil Engineering (Organisme professionnel de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics), 2bis rue Michelet, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Jan. 1975. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, Jan.-Feb. 1975, No.1. 4p. Detachable insert.

CIS 76-7
Labour Inspectorate, General Directorate of Labour (Arbeidsinspectie, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Voorburg.
Inspection register for mobile cranes
Kraanboek voor mobiele kraan [in Dutch]
Inspection register in which entries should be made concerning all inspections and periodical checks of the working order and condition of cranes and their load-limiting devices and wire ropes. This register should be kept near the crane.
Staatsuitgeverij, Christoffel Plantijnstraat 13, Den Haag, Netherlands, 1975. 99p. Price: Glds.11.00.

CIS 75-1206 Havik P.H., Benis H.G.
Research into the causes and prevention of crane accidents on building and construction sites in New Zealand.
The 1st part of this report describes the results of site visits to inspect tower and mobile cranes (design, operation, erection). Information obtained indicated a serious lack of training in crane operation, erection and maintenance. It was shown that proper pretensioning of bolts used in crane assembly is a vital factor in ensuring structural integrity. Therefore, tests and analyses were performed on bolts used; the results are discussed in the 2nd part. They showed that the universal method of torque control (use of torque wrenches) to obtain proper bolt pretension can result in wide and unacceptable variations. The variations in bolt pretension depend on accuracy of wrenches and lubrication, finish, thread condition or contamination of bolts, nuts and washers. Hydraulic pretension of bolts or use of load indicator washers are judged to be more reliable methods.
Report R7, Building Research Association of New Zealand, 42 Vivian Street, Wellington, New Zealand, Jan. 1975. 34p. Illus.

1974

CIS 76-301
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, 1 Dec. 1974.
Cranes
Krane [in German]
After definitions of scope and terms, these safety regulations deal with construction and equipment (control devices, access, safe distances, brakes, safety devices, crane tracks), crane testing and operation (qualifications and responsibilities of crane drivers, transport of persons, special tasks, maintenance and repairs). Exceptions for overhead travelling cranes, portal cranes, crabs, jib cranes, tower cranes. Instructions for implementation of the regulations and notes are contained in a supplement.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5 Köln 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.). 23 + 18p. Price: DM.1.70.

CIS 75-2023 Ostler J.
Special hoisting equipment for transporting molten materials - Design and operational experience
Sonderhubwerke für den Transport feuerflüssiger Massen - Konzeption und Betriebserfahrung [in German]
The author presents a cinematic system composed of two parallel chains of modular construction, designed so that should breakage of one lifting element occur the teeming ladle is still held and remains under control. Testing and measuring the load on the various structural elements and the wire rope are described. The hoisting unit has given problem-free service in 2 years of operational use.
Heft 18, Moderne Unfallverhütung, Vulkan-Verlag, Haus der Technik, 43 Essen, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1974, p.69-72. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 75-1806 Lindberg B.
Old shipyard cranes are dangerous - Serious accidents this year
Gamla varvskranar säkerhetsrisker - Allvarliga olyckor i år [in Swedish]
Short descriptions of 5 serious crane accidents which occurred in Swedish shipyards in 1974 (2 fatalities) are followed by a review of the causes: material failures (design according to obsolete standards, reduction of strength due to corrosion and wear); absence of load indicator and/or overload protection; wrong slinging procedure. Extracts from interviews with labour inspectors and safety engineers show that it is difficult to inspect all elements of cranes that may be subject to failure, and that thorough training and medical supervision of crane operators are important. The article also considers safe access to crane cabins, ventilation and ergonomic design of cabins and clear view from the cabin of the lifting operation.
Arbetsmiljö, 1974, No.11, p.24-27. Illus.

CIS 75-1802 An investigation into the safety of crane runways
Een onderzoek naar de veiligheid van kraanbanen [in Dutch]
Report on safety inspections made in 1973 on the runways of 204 building cranes in the Netherlands. The results of spirit-level checks, track bend measurements and inspections concerning rail sections, clearances, track-end stops, etc. are commented on and tabulated. A summary is given of manufacturers' data and documentation required for this kind of inspection.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 69, Voorburg, Netherlands, no date. Illus. 12p. Price: Glds.0.50.

CIS 75-1801 Järvenpää R.
Experience gained from crane accidents for the assistance of designers
Nosturitapaturmista saatu kokemus suunnittelijan apuna [in Finnish]
Report on research into the causes of crane accidents in Finland, focussing crane designers' attention on dangerous shortcomings in design. Accident descriptions are followed by various methods of accident analysis. Recommendations: systematic introduction of hazard analysis on the basis of accident reports; systematic reporting of crane accidents; setting up of a communication system to keep designers, manufactureres and competent authorities informed of accident experience; extension of safety training to designers.
Työsuojeluhallitus, Helsinki, Finland, 1974. 80p. Illus. 45 ref.

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