Forestry and logging - 445 entries found

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1989

CIS 89-1871 Viren J.R., Imbus H.R.
Case-control study of nasal cancer in workers employed in wood-related industries
A case-control study of nasal cancer deaths in the states of Washington, Oregon, Mississippi, and North Carolina was undertaken to determine whether there was an excess of nasal cancer deaths occurring among workers in wood-related industries. This involved analysis of 536 cases of nasal cancer deaths occurring from 1962 to 1977, compared with 1,072 deaths matched for control. The study showed no overall excess of deaths from nasal cancer in wood-related industries, including furniture manufacturing. There was a statistically significant excess of deaths from nasal cancer occurring in the lumber and wood products industry; however, this was largely due to excess in these industries occurring in the states of North Carolina and Mississippi. There seems to be no association between nasal cancer and industry/occupation normally identified with wood dust.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1989, Vol.31, No.1, p.35-40. 17 ref.

CIS 89-1496 Safety guide for tree felling
Illustrated training guide to safe working practices in tree felling and crosscutting. Particular attention is paid to the safe operation of chain saws and protection against vibration and noise from these tools.
Department of Employment and Industrial Affairs, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, no date. 35p. Illus.

1988

CIS 91-783 Ščerbakov A.S., Nikitin L.I., Bobkov N.G.
Occupational safety and health in the forestry, pulp and paper and wood working industries: Technical school manual
Ohrana truda v lesnoj, celljulozno-bumažnoj i derevoobrabatyvajuščej promyšlennosti [in Russian]
Contents of this manual, intended for technical school students: general rights and responsibilities of engineers and technicians as regards occupational safety and health; practical and laboratory tasks for the subject "Occupational hygiene and industrial sanitation" (workplace climate and dust level measurements; natural and mechanical ventilation design; workplace noise level measurement; lighting and illumination level evaluation, etc.); practical and laboratory tasks for the subject "Occupational safety" (earthing and earthing equiment, etc.); legislative materials and practical tasks for the subject "Fire safety" (general causes of fires; general measures for preventing and controlling fires; classification of workplaces and premises according to fire and explosion hazard; fire resistance of buildings and structures; working premises electrical hazard classification; minimum quenching distances, etc.); methodological advice for organising and conducting role-playing games (general; preparatory stage; room preparation and equipment; game organisation; different types of business games, etc.); supplements for the business games.
Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaja promyšlennost'", ul. Kirova 40a, 101000 Moskva, USSR, 1988. 184p. Illus. 16 ref. Price: SUR 0.40.

CIS 91-782 Vanjuhin V.I.
Occupational safety and health in questions and answers
Ohrana truda v voprosah i otvetah [in Russian]
This self-study guide is intended for logging and woodworking industry workers and foremen. Covered are: occupational safety and health in the USSR; Soviet labour legislation; occupational hygiene and industrial sanitation; occupational injuries and their prevention; safety of various logging and woodworking operations (tree cutting and felling; timber transport, handling and storage; resinous wood production; logging, road building, maintenance and repair; construction and installation work, equipment start-up and adjustment procedures; machinery repair; gas and electric welding and cutting; timber and sleeper sawing; housekeeping; woodworking; transport of personnel); electrical safety; personal and collective protection, safety devices; guarding, locking, interlocking and remote control; first aid (organisation; wounds and injuries; contusions, compressions, ligament sprains, joint dislocations, fractures; thermal burns, frostbites, freezing, heat and sun strokes; entry by foreign bodies, fainting, poisoning, snake bites; CNS diseases; acute cardiovascular diseases; electrical accidents and drownings; artificial respiration and external cardiac compression).
Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaja promyšlennost'", ul. Kirova 40a, 101000 Moskva, USSR, 1988. 168p. 24 ref. Price: SUR 0.60.

CIS 91-28
Ministério da Agricultura, Pescas e Alimentação
Decree of 25 Oct. 1988 establishing quality and safety standards for machinery and tools used in agriculture and forestry; Order of 10 Nov. 1988 approving the regulation of compulsory certification of such machinery and tools [Portugal]
Decreto-Lei ... estabelece padrões de qualidade e segurança operacional para máquinas e alfaias agrícolas e florestais; Portaria ... aprova o regulamento relativo à certificação de máquinas ... [in Portuguese]
The decree provides the legal basis for quality control and safety measures involving machinery and tools used in agriculture and forestry. Order No.736/88 provides a list of the machinery and tools covered by the Law, defines each one of them, defines the information needed in a certification request and lists the technical specification standards referred to in the certification process.
Diário da República, 25 Oct. 1988, I Série, No.247, p.4334-4335 and 10 Nov. 1988, I Série, No.260, p.4507-4508.

CIS 90-617 Kurumatani N., Iki M., Moriyama T., Ishikawa H., Adachi S., Satoh M., Arai T.
Cross-sectional study of blood pressure and electrocardiograms of forestry workers exposed to both noise and local vibration
The blood pressure and electrocardiograms of 953 forestry workers using vibrating tools were investigated to study the chronic effect of noise and local vibration on the cardiovascular system. The mean systolic blood pressure of the workers was significantly higher than that of a comparable population. But there was no association between blood pressure and the total operation time of chain saws. The bradycardia rate was 2-5 times higher in the subject population that in the general Japanese population. This was considered to be an adaptive response to an increase in oxygen demand while working in the forest. Although there were no results suggesting a relationship between noise, local vibration and cardivascular system, operators with vibration-induced white fingers showed a significantly higher prevalence of atrical fibrillation than those without.
Industrial Health, 1988, Vol.26, No.1, p.43-54. Illus. 53 ref.

CIS 89-1203 Schwartz E.
A proportionate mortality ratio analysis of pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire
A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis of 1,071 deaths in pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire during 1975-1985 showed an increase in cancers of the digestive tract and lymphopoietic tissues. A similar analysis of deaths for 452 timber cutters and loggers failed to show excess PMRs for cancers of these sites. Despite methodological constraints, these results suggest that one or more of the exposures experienced by pulp and paper mill workers may pose a significant carcinogenic risk. More definitive epidemiological studies are required to determine particular high-risk processes or specific aetiological agents.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1988, Vol.45, No.4, p.234-238. 20 ref.

CIS 89-1345 Färkkilä M., Pyykkö I., Jäntti V., Aatola S., Starck J., Korhonen O.
Forestry workers exposed to vibration: A neurological study
Neurological findings were examined in 186 forestry workers with a mean exposure to chain saw vibration of 16,600h. The prevalence of vibration-induced white finger was 5%, paraesthesia of the hands 53%, and muscle weakness 13%. Clinical polyneuropathy was observed in the hands of 16 forestry workers (7.5%) which did not correlate with alcohol consumption. Seventy-nine forestry workers of the total population were selected for electromyographic examination. Generalised EMG based polyneuropathy in the hands was observed in only 2 of the 79 forestry workers (2.5%). The carpal tunnel syndrome was found in 20 of the 79 workers (26%). Headache and vertigo were not linked with exposure to vibration in forestry and a significant part of the numbness reported may be due to the carpal tunnel syndrome. Sensorimotor polyneuropathy is rare among forestry workers. The rise in the vibration detection thresholds was linked to the carpal tunnel syndrome.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1988, Vol.45, No.3, p.188-192. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 89-733 Commission Directive of 30 June 1988 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 78/764/EEC on the laws of the Member States relating to the driver's seat on wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors [CEC]
Directive de la Commission, du 30 juin 1988, portant adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 78/764/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives au siège du conducteur des tracteurs agricoles ou forestiers à roues [CCE] [in French]
This directive makes certain provisions of Directive 78/764 (CIS 79-193), as amended by Directive 87/354, more precise and complete.
Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 17 Aug. 1988, Vol.31, No.L.228, p.31-37.

CIS 89-503 Safety code for bush undertakings - Part 1: Forest establishment and silviculture
This safety guide covers: general aspects (definitions, general safety rules, tools, use of slashers, storage of petrol and other flammable liquids, first aid, reporting of accidents); agricultural chemicals; helicopter operations; tractor operations; road construction and maintenance; bridges; safety at fires and burnoffs; seed selection; safe use of chainsaws; brushcutters; felling; thinning; pruning; other provisions (power operated elevated work platforms, transportation of workers, use of explosives). In Appendices: noise in bush undertakings; glossary of terms.
Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1988. 76p. Illus.

CIS 89-578 Forbig A.
Harmful substances emitted by power saws - Do they pose any danger to forestry workers?
Gefahrstoffe beim Einsatz der Motorsäge - eine Gefahr für den Waldarbeiter? [in German]
Report on a workshop held 9 Feb. 1988 at Gross-Umstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. Subjects covered: type of power saw emissions, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; extent of exposure of forestry workers; design modifications of power saws to reduce exhaust gas emissions; emission monitoring and biological monitoring.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1988, Vol.43, No.19, p.528-530.

CIS 89-267 Bloch W., Kaminsky G., Hahn P., Lembke E.
Hearing losses after a decade of forestry work
Hörverluste nach einem Jahrzehnt Waldarbeit [in German]
More than 300 forestry workers and a control group consisting of employees of an insurance agency in the Federal Republic of Germany were subjected to regular audiometric examinations over a period of ten years, starting on their first day of work. Average hearing losses of 10dB at 4kHz and of 6-8dB at 6 and 8kHz were found among the forestry workers at the end of the ten-year period. Workers were found to wear hearing protectors on the average 60-70% of the time.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1988, Vol.43, No.16-17. p.470, 472-473. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 88-1514 Torres Girardi E.
Techniques and risk prevention in the use of chain saws in forestry work
Técnicas y prevención de riesgos en el uso de motosierras en faenas forestales [in Spanish]
Well-illustrated training booklet aimed at forestry workers. Contents: safety equipment and clothing; safe working posture; safe working methods; 12 basic safety rules.
Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Bandera 84, Santiago, Chile, 1988. 12p. Illus.

CIS 88-1013 Chain saws - basic saw operations
Tronçonneuses - Man¿uvres fondamentales [in French]
Safety information sheet. Aspects covered: cutting down a tree; controlling direction of fall; limbing; bucking; pruning.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1988. 1p. Illus.

1987

CIS 09-502 Woodworking with hand tools - An illustrated training manual
In many developing countries, wood harvesting with hand tools continues on a large scale. This training manual provides practical guidance on efficient and safe methods for manual wood harvesting. Contents: basic work and maintenance tools; axes; bow saws; workers; tree felling; releasing lodged trees; debranching and debarking; cross-cutting; cutting windfalls; wood splitting; wood handling and transport; stacking and storing of wood; pit-sawing; training in wood harvesting.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1987. 115p. Illus. Price: CHF 15.00.

CIS 92-1161 Steep slope skidding
This 3-hour course includes an instructor's guide, handouts, overheads and workshop instructions. A video is available from the Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia which is used in conjunction with the course. Aimed at skidder operators and related supervisors. The course enables participants to: understand the nature and cause of skidder accidents; learn measures which have been used to control the hazards which cause these accidents; how to plan a steep slope skidder operation; how to avoid typical hazards.
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, British Columbia V7C 1C6, Canada, 1987. 1 kit.

CIS 91-150 Efimcev Ju.A., Sergeev E.I.
Occupational safety and health in forestry - reference manual
Ohrana truda v lesnom hozjajstve: Spravočnik [in Russian]
This reference book, intended for occupational safety and health service managers, engineers and technicians as well as union activists in forestry organisations and undertakings, contains excerpts from and full texts of relevant OSH directives, laws, regulations, guidelines, recommendations and legal provisions. The materials are grouped under the following headings: excerpts from Soviet labour legislation; working conditions; OSH organisation; OSH activities planning; OSH training; accident investigation and workmen's compensation; safety assurance; safety requirements for industrial buildings and structures; safety standard setting; safety and health hazards, occupational diseases; vibration; noise; lighting; workplace climate, dust and gases; psychophysiological workplace factors; medical care (pre-employment and periodic medical checks). In an appendix: excerpts from industry standards for the forestry and woodworking undertakings.
Izdatel'stvo Agropromizdat, ul. Sadovaja-Spasskaja 18, 107807 Moskva, GSP, USSR, 1987. 272p. Price: SUR 1.20.

CIS 89-843 Safety and accident prevention in forestry
Sicherheit und Unfallschutz bei der Waldarbeit [in German]
Sigurnost i zaštita od nesreća prilikom rada u šumama [in Serbocroatian]
This safety guide for forestry workers deals with the following: general remarks, instructing the workers as to the risks involved, protective clothing, using motor saws, wood cutting, working on sloping ground, dead and cut wood elimination, removing and storing cut wood, first aid.
Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1987. 11p. Illus.

CIS 89-467 Sjögren B., Carstensen J., Hörte L.G., Plato N.
Occupation and death due to pulmonary emphysema
Dödlighet i emfysem bland yrkesarbetande män [in Swedish]
This study is a linkage of the 1960 National Census of Sweden and the Causes of Death Register from 1961-1970 in order to investigate the correlation between occupation and death due to pulmonary emphysema. The study only comprised men born 1901-1920, and smoking habits in different occupational groups were taken into account. Self-employed persons and supervisors in farming, forestry and market gardening had the highest incidence of deaths due to pulmonary emphysema. This excess risk is significant, even after the performed number of comparisons is taken into account. A significant correlation was found between estimated exposure to air pollutants and mortality due to emphysema in men born 1911-1920.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1987. 27p. 38 ref.

CIS 89-179 Kalhoule T.
Risks in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry
Les risques agro-sylvo-pastoraux [in French]
Analysis of the hazards to which rural workers in West Africa are exposed in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. The main risks are: commuting accidents, fatigue, poor working postures (backache), respiratory diseases, infections and parasitic diseases, chemical hazards. The chief preventive strategies are: safety education and training, the development of safety consciousness, the installation of hygienic facilities and the elaboration of specialised legislation.
Korosi - Revue Burkinabè de prévention des risques professionnels, 1987, No.1, p.25-27.

CIS 88-2049 Bloch G.W., Kaminsky G.
Longitudinal study of hearing loss in forestry workers
Längsschnittstudie über Hörverluste bei Waldarbeitern [in German]
Audiometric examinations of forestry workers at age 17 and 10 years later revealed hearing loss. in 45% of the 141 examined workers at the 15, 20 and 30dB(A) level. Causes of hearing loss were identified as negligence in wearing hearing protection, as required for work with power saws that emit noise at a level of 110dB(A), and the annual duration of noise exposure. From the development over time of hearing loss, a statistically significant relationship was derived, permitting prediction of the hearing loss due to a further 10 years of occupational noise exposure of the forestry workers. Protective measures are recommended in order to prevent hearing loss.
Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 1987, Vol.41, No.4, p.243-248. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 88-1923 Report of the 17th Specialized Meeting of the ISSA Section for the Prevention of Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases in Agriculture
These proceedings of a specialised meeting of the ISSA Section for the Prevention of Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases in Agriculture held during the 11th World Congress on the prevention of accidents at work and occupational diseases (Stockholm, Sweden, 26-28 May 1987) cover forestry and logging operations. Discussed were: the effects of environmental damage on safety in forestry; problems in motor-manual cutting (medical and technical aspects, noise, vibration); and work environment of machine drivers.
International Social Security Association, C.P. 1, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1987. 140p.

CIS 88-1943 Yano E., Higashi H., Nishii S., Koizumi A., Yokoyama Y.
Respiratory function of loggers exposed to the volcanic ash of Mt. Sakurajima
Sakurajima kazankai kōkai chiku shinrin sagyōsha no kokyū kinō [in Japanese]
Respiratory function of loggers who work in areas under the volcanic plume from Mt. Sakurajima was examined in relation to the concentrations of resuspended ash. 192 forest workers (including 78 women) were divided into 3 groups depending on the distance of their work area from the volcano. The maximum 20-min average concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to which the groups were exposed were 4.58, 1.52 and 0.08mg/m³, respectively. In spite of the large differences in SPM, all the mean values of respiratory function for workers in each group were within normal limits and no significant difference among the groups was observed. The results persisted after controls for sex, age, height and smoking habits. The loggers are the people most heavily exposed to the volcanic ash, and the results suggest that effects of volcanic ash on human respiratory function are minimal.
Japanese Journal of Public Health, May 1987, Vol.34, No.5, p.251-254. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 88-1692 Miyashita K., Kasamatsu T., Iwata H.
Occupational and socio-environmental effects on the vibration syndrome
The occupational history of 403 chain-saw workers in the private forestry sector was recorded at yearly examinations for 10 years. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 182 chain-saw workers who remained healthy or were in a very early stage of vibration disease. Group II consisted of 221 retired chain-saw workers who were in an advanced stage of vibration disease and who needed medical treatment. The factors which adversely influenced the stage of vibration disease were: beginning to operate chain saws earlier in one's career; beginning to operate chain saws at a more advanced age; more operating hours per day and more total working hours in the forest per day; going to the forest by motorbike or staying at a hut in the deep mountains in winter; drinking more than 540mL of "sake" or more than 3 bottles of beer per day.
Wakayama Medical Reports, Oct. 1987, Vol.29, No.3/4, p.69-75. 10 ref.

CIS 88-1432
Ministère de l'agriculture
Decree No.87-766 of 15 Nov. 1987 modifying decree No.81-131 of 10 Feb. 1981 prescribing health and safety requirements for portable petrol or diesel-powered chain saws for cutting wood, cork or similar materials [France]
Décret n°87-766 du 15 nov. 1987 modifiant le décret n°81-131 du 10 fév. 1981 fixant les conditions d'hygiène et de sécurité auxquelles doivent satisfaire les scies à chaîne portatives à moteur thermique utilisées pour le travail sur bois, du liège, etc. [France] [in French]
This modification of decree No.81-131 (see CIS 81-2037) prescribes the maximum noise levels that such equipment is allowed to emit.
Journal officiel de la République française, 19 Sep. 1987, p.10895.

CIS 88-1055
Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po trudu i social'nym voprosam, Sekretariat Vsesojuznogo central'nogo soveta professional'nyh sojuzov
Approval of standard lists of strenuous and hazardous jobs for which workers may be awarded supplemental payments on account of working conditions in the forest products industry, and of a list of posts of supervisors, specialists and operatives ... [USSR]
Ob utverždenii tipovyh perečnej rabot s tjaželymi i vrednymi, ... uslovijami truda no kotoryh mogut ustanavlivat'sja doplaty rabočim za uslovija truda v proizvodstvennyh ... lesnoj ... promyšlennosti, lesnogo hozjajstva i perečnja dolžnostej rukovoditelej, specialistov i ... [in Russian]
The annexes to this decision of 1 October 1986 list 161 tasks in forestry (especially work with pesticides, production of pulp, paper and wood-based chemical products, woodworking, and production of fibreboard, matches and pencils. Extra pay for performance of these tasks is authorised. A separate list gives the posts or job titles for which supplements of up to 12% are payable when the jobs involve work with pesticides or with forest pests. The lists replace those approved by the decisions of 20 Dec. 1972 (Nos. 348/35 and 361/35 and 2 June 1985 (No.212/14-65.
Bjulleten' - Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po trudu i social'nym voprosam, 1987, No.6, p.19-28.

CIS 88-1274 Srinivas C.R., Kulkarni S.B., Menon S.K., Krupashankar D.S., Iyengar M.A., Singh K.K., Sequeira R.F., Halla K.R.
Allergenic agents in contact dermatitis from Holigarna ferruginea
Nine of 10 patients who developed dermatitis following contact with Holigarna ferruginea and 5 of 35 asymptomatic volunteers showed a positive patch test reaction to 2% W/V acetone extract of the plant's resinous exudate. Six albino rats were sensitised following 3 weekly applications of the same extract. Laccol (3-heptadecadienyl catechol) was identified as the active principle in the exudate. Plants of the genus Holigarna, a source of lacquer, may be an important cause of occupational dermatitis in India.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1987, Vol.17, No.4, p.219-222. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 88-1327 Heinonen E., Färkkilä M., Forsström J., Antila K., Jalonen J., Korhonen O., Pyykkö I.
Autonomic neuropathy and vibration exposure in forestry workers
The variation in heart rate (HRV) at rest and during deep breathing of 88 professional lumberjacks was studied using a computer technique. The traditional indexes of HRV (CV, CVS, MEAN) and its spectral components were calculated. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the HRV indexes during the deep breathing test in those with the shortest (CV = 10.1 ± 1.1) and those with the longest (CV = 6.2 ± 0.4) exposures to vibration. The values of the HRV indexes decreased with age, but multiple regression analysis showed that the total exposure time to vibration had an independent negative association with the HRV. There were significant differences in all the frequency bands (frequency related power, FRP) of the heart rate between those with the longest and those with the shortest exposures. The HRV during a deep breathing test is associated with the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system and is decreased in autonomic neuropathies. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to the vibration caused by a chain saw has a negative effect on parasympathetic activity and thus causes autonomic dysfunction.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1987, Vol.44, No.6, p.412-416. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 88-891
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The conditions of work and life of logging workers in East and Central Kalimantan
Contents of this study: study methods; description of the research area in Indonesia; description of the work system (preparation, road construction, felling of trees, skidding, barking, prophylactic treatment of wood, scaling, transportation); working conditions (working time, wages, working tools and safety devices, work accidents); welfare facilities; conclusions and suggestions.
Yayasan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Jl. Jendral Gatot Subroto, P.O. Box 395 KBY, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia, 1987. 101p.

CIS 88-1043 Hansson J.E.
Ergonomics of forestry machines
Förarmiljön i skogsmaskiner [in Swedish]
The ergonomic design of forestry machines has improved considerably in recent years. The risk of accidents is slight. Increasing mechanisation is, however, posing new problems. Operators of forestry machines suffer from overload injuries in the neck, arms and cervical spine to a greater extent than any other category of workers in forestry. Probable causes are: excessive periods of sitting; excessive work intensity during work in fixed, ergonomically inappropriate positions; repetitive, short-cycle movement patterns; controls offering excessive resistance or with excessive movement spans and located in excessively high positions. The report proposes ergonomic improvements in equipment and work organisation.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1987. 36p. 41 ref.

CIS 88-447 Film and video cassette catalogue
Catalogue of 75 films and videotapes (U-matic, Beta, VHS) on the subject of safety in the logging industry. The material is available for sale, rental and preview, in English and/or French.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ont. P1B 8H2, Canada, 1987. 28p.

CIS 88-162
National Board of Vocational Education
Ergonomics applied to logging
Proceedings of a training seminar held in Dehra Dun (India), 14 Nov. - 2 Dec. 1983, and financed by the Finnish International Development Agency. It covers various aspects of safety and ergonomics in forestry work, with emphasis on the Indian experience. Country reports are presented on Bhutan, Burma, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand and Zimbabwe. In the appendices: list of lecturers and participants; steps of trimming a peg toothed saw; detailed description of work practices at an Indian forestry depot; ergonomic checklists for the transport and handling of machinery, for work places in forestry, for tools and for general work practices.
Forestry Training Programme, Asemamiehenkatu 2, 00520 Helsinki, Finland, 1987. 417p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 88-317 Gonçalo S.
Contact sensitivity to lichens and compositae in Frullania dermatitis
Forty-eight patients with allergic contact dermatitis from Frullania were patch tested with a lichen mix, compositae (flowering plants) and lichen acids. Twenty-seven were senstitive to Frullania and lichens. Parmelia caperata and Parmelia reticulata were positive in all, and in a descending order of positivity, Pseudovernia furfuracea, Evernia prunastri, Usnea spp, Ramalina lusitanica d-Usnic and evernic acids and atranorin were the main responsible allergens.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1987, Vol.16, No.2, p.84-86. 13 ref.

CIS 87-1183 Council Directive of 25 June 1987 on roll-over protection structures mounted in front of the driver's seat on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors [CEC]
Directive du Conseil, du 25 juin 1987, relative aux dispositifs de protection en cas de renversement, montés à l'avant des tracteurs agricoles et forestiers à roues, à voie étroite [CCE] [in French]
This directive applies to the conditions for type-approvals within the EEC for resistance tests of protective devices, and for dynamic and static test procedures.
Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 8 Aug. 1987, Vol.30, No.L220, p.1-43.

CIS 87-1297 Nilsson C.A., Lindahl R., Norström A.
Occupational exposure to chain saw exhausts in logging operations
The composition of exhaust emissions from 2-stroke chain saw engines was studied under laboratory conditions. The compounds sampled were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, tetramethyllead, dibromoethane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Operator exposure to chain saw exhaust was evaluated under various logging situations. There was no difference in average levels of exposure between logging in the presence or in the absence of snow. The felling operation, however, results in high exposure levels of short duration, especially when the operation is performed while there is deep snow on the ground. This is judged to be the main cause of the discomfort experienced by loggers. Average exposure levels for loggers engaged only in felling are twice those for cutters who also perform limbing, bucking and manual skidding of the timber. Typical average levels of exposure are: hydrocarbons, 20mg/m³; benzene, 0.6mg/m³; formaldehyde, 0.1mg/m³; and carbon monoxide, 20mg/m³.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1987, Vol.48, No.2, p.99-105. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 87-939 Paulozzi L.J.
Fatal logging injuries in Washington state, 1977 to 1983
Analysis of 135 fatal accidents. The annual injury mortality rate for logging was approximately 2/1,000 workers. Loggers were killed by falling trees in 34% of fatalities and by equipment in 24% of fatalities. None of the 12 men killed in vehicle rollovers were wearing seat belts. Risk was greatest for tree fellers and choker-setters. Risk was also greatest during the morning, during the first 2 days of the workweek, and during the month of June. Size of logging company was inversely related to risk of injury, with the smallest companies having mortality ratios 10 times higher than the largest companies. The study suggests that routinely collected occupational data on injuries and employment can be combined to identify high-risk categories in specific industries and thereby target inspection activities or suggest new regulations addressing specific occupational hazards.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1987, Vol.29, No.2, p.103-108. Illus. 16 ref.

1986

CIS 89-1156 Safer logging
Säkrare skogsarbete [in Swedish]
Illustrated training guide. Coverage: chain saws; felling of trees; trimming.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1986. 14p. Illus.

CIS 89-948 Nilsson C.A., Larson K., Lindahl R., Nygren O.
Sampling and analysis of chain saw exhaust. IV. Exposure to oil aerosol during manual logging
Provtagning och analys av motorsågsavgaser - IV. Exponering för oljedimma vid arbete med motorsäg [in Swedish]
The exposure of lumberjacks to oil aerosol was studied during logging. Chain oils based on both mineral and vegetable oil were investigated. Mean time-weighted exposure to mineral oil aerosol, originating in part from the 2-stroke motor oil and in part from the chain oil, amounted to 0.3mg/m³. For all samples, exposure to the vegetable oil was less than 0.01mg/m³. When mineral oil was used, the chain oil accounted for about 30% of the total oil aerosol concentration. Average exposure to both oil aerosol and exhaust for lumberjacks working only with felling (i.e. having a machine to perform the limbing and cutting into pieces) were twice the levels found for cutters who also do the limbing, cutting into pieces and manual dragging of the timber.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1986. 21p. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 88-1633 Nilsson C.A., Eriksson K., Kragh E., Nygren O.
Exposure to dust and mancozeb during the transplanting of pine seedlings
Exponering för damm och mancozeb vid upptagning av tallplantor [in Swedish]
Report on exposure to dust and Mancozeb during the manual transplanting of pine seedlings at a Swedish tree-nursery. These seedlings are treated with the fungicide Mancozeb (which contains manganese) during the growing period (1-2 years). In this study the total dust was measured and analysed with regard to manganese content. The results showed that exposure to Mancozeb was very low, less than 0.02mg/m³. No significant difference was found between samples from a surface treated with Mancozeb and another untreated one. The mean exposure to total dust was 2.2mg/m³ (time weighted average for a whole working day).
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1986. 11p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 88-1556 Broberg E.
Occupational injuries in forestry during 1984
Arbetsskador i skogsarbete, år 1984 [in Swedish]
Analysis of statistics collected by the Swedish Information System on Occupational Injuries. In 1984 there were 3,923 occupational injuries in the forestry sector. Most of the accidents (64%) occurred during manual logging operations, and in particular during tree felling. 10 out of a total of 14 fatal accidents occurred during tree felling operations. Statistical breakdowns by activity, equipment used, injury location, type of accident etc. are presented as well as statistics on occupational diseases.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, ISA-Informationssystemet om Arbetsskador, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1986. 25p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 88-893 A guide to safety in tree felling and crosscutting
This booklet describes the hazards associated with tree felling and crosscutting and it outlines safe working practices that have evolved in the logging industry of New Zealand. Numerous illustrations are included.
Department of Labour, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand, Rev.ed., 1986. 31p. Illus.

CIS 87-1466 Takamatsu M., Sakura T.
Vibration disease among migrant forest workers from South Kyushu
Minami-Kyūshū no ringyō dekasegi rōdōsha no shindōbyō [in Japanese]
There is a traditional employment relationship "sendo seido", among forestry workers in Kyushu, the southernmost major island of Japan, in which a crew chief gets a contract for forestry work from a contractor and takes on forestry workers as part-timers under piecework payment. Many patients with vibration disease who went to other prefectures to work under the traditional employment relationship were found in an investigation of occupational diseases in limited areas in South Kyushu. These workers must get much of their income as part-timers outside their native prefectures because they find no work at home. They must work long hours every day under piecework payment. This employment system is clearly related to an increased incidence of occupational diseases
Kenkō-Kaigi, Oct. 1986, Vol.449, p.117-123. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 87-1148 Decree No.86-594 of 14 Mar. 1986 modifying certain provisions of Chapter IIII of Title III of Book II of the Labour Code and defining the health and safety conditions to be met by mobile machines for agriculture and forestry [France]
Décret n°86-594 du 14 mars 1986 modifiant certaines dispositions du chapitre III du titre III du livre II du code du travail et définissant les conditions d'hygiène et de sécurité auxquelles doivent satisfaire les machines mobiles agricoles ou forestières [France] [in French]
Journal officiel de la République française, 19 Mar. 1986, p.4591-4592.

CIS 87-649 Färkkilä M., Aatola S., Starck J., Korhonen O., Pyykkö I.
Hand-grip force in lumberjacks: two-year follow-up
Hand-grip force was measured in 63 lumberjacks in 1978 and again in 1980. Lumberjacks with vibration-induced white finger had lost 21% of their muscle force during the two years. Lumberjacks with no hand-arm symptoms had lost 5% of their muscle force in the same period. Lmberjacks with subjectively diminished hand muscle force had a slight increase in muscle force during the follow-up time. These results suggest that long-term exposure to vibration causes a decrease in muscle force.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1986, Vol.58, No.3, p.203-208. Illus. 9 ref.

1985

CIS 87-685 Safety code for bush undertakings - Part 5: Transportation
This well-illustrated safety guide to transportation in forestry operations covers: general safety rules, tools, first aid, accident reporting, transportation of logs, design requirements for load securing, loading and unloading, log transportation other than by road (air or water), transportation of workers, construction and maintenance of private roads, service tracking, bush quarries, use of explosives, bridging. Appendices cover limitations on noise exposure in bush undertakings, glossaries of bush (i.e. forestry) and vehicle terms.
Department of Labour, Private Bag, Wellington 1, New Zealand, 1985. 52p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 86-1124 Nikitin L.I., Ščerbakov A.S.
Labour protection in forestry and the woodworking industry
Ohrana truda v lesnom hozjajstve, lesnoj i derevoobrabatyvajuščej promyšlennosti [in Russian]
This manual intended for students covers the main aspects of labour protection in forestry and the woodworking industry: microclimate, heating, contamination of workplace air, ventilation, protection of the environment from industrial wastes, dust control equipment, protection against noise and vibration, lighting, water supply and sewage systems, safety devices, ergonomics and occupational psychology, electrical safety, protection against static electricity, fire and explosion protection, general provisions of labour protection.
Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaja promyšlennost'", ul. Kirova, 40a, 101000 Moskva, USSR, 1985. 351p. Illus. Price: Rbl.1.10.

CIS 86-1123 Logging safety manual for Alberta
Aspects covered in this illustrated manual: the logging work environment; road and landing development; falling, limbing and topping; limbing and topping with a chain-saw; mechanical falling; skidding; chokermen; loading; short-logging; accident reporting.
Alberta Workers' Health, Safety and Compensation, Occupational Health and Safety Division, 10709 Jasper Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3, Canada, 1985. 162p. Illus.

CIS 86-816 Chain saw safety manual for Alberta
Aspects covered in this illustrated booklet: chain saw safety devices; working with the chain saw; basic rules for falling trees; maintenance and repairs; reporting of accidents.
Alberta Workers' Health, Safety and Compensation, Occupational Health and Safety Division, 10709 Jasper Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3, Canada, 1985. 53p. Illus.

CIS 86-501 Dubrisay J., Fages J., Delemotte B.
Occupational health problems in the countryside
Pathologie rurale professionnelle [in French]
Discussion of occupational health problems of agricultural labourers, forestry workers and workers in related industries such as the food industry: occupational accidents; vibration diseases; exposure to harmful chemicals (fertilisers, pesticides, fumes, glues, putties, paints); infections; parasitic diseases; allergies (eczema, allergic respiratory disease). Exposure, contamination, prevention and compensation are discussed for each of these conditions.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Intoxications, Pathologie professionnelle, 1985. 12p. 46 ref.

CIS 86-506 Wigaeus Hjelm E., Frisk C.
Physical strain on Vietnamese forest workers
The physical work capacity and the physical workload during forest work was studied in 10 Vietnamese who worked with the supply of wood to the pulp and paper mill in Bai Bang, a Swedish aid project. The workers' physical work capacity was relatively high. The forest work was very demanding due to physically heavy work, heat stress and loss of body fluid through sweating. The total workload could be reduced without decreased productivity by using more frequent but shorter resting periods and increased water intake. Supplying rubber boots and raincoats could also make it possible to increase the productivity by making it possible to do some work even on rainy days, constituting quite a number of days per year.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1985. 13p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: Swe.cr.25.00.

CIS 86-126 Steenland K., Carrano A., Clapp D., Ratcliffe J., Ashworth L., Meinhardt T.
Cytogenetic studies in humans after short-term exposure to ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) has been shown to increase sister chromatid exchange in animal cells in vitro, but its cytogenic effects in humans have not been previously studied. 14 workers who used a solution of EDB to spray felled pine trees to kill pine beetles were tested for the presence of SCE and chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood. 6 non-exposed workers were also tested. The sprayers were exposed to an average EDB concentration of 60 ppb (8h TWA). The workers sprayed EDB for only 5 to 26 days during the summer months. After adjusting for smoking and the use of prescription drugs, there was no statistically significant difference between the frequencies of either SCEs or chromosomal aberrations before and after spraying.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1985, Vol.27, No.10, p.729-732. 25 ref.

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