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1982

CIS 83-1707 Tagawa N.
Accident cases that occurred on fishing boats
Records for 28 accident cases treated between Jan. 1973 and Nov. 1981 were examined. Most accidents resulted from clothing or gloves becoming caught in rotating rollers or entangled with wires or rope on unstable decks. Injuries consisted of fractures, cuts and crushing injuries predominantly of fingers, hands,elbow joints and the arm above the elbow.
Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery, June 1982, Vol.25, No.6, p.867-870. Illus.

CIS 83-1295 Müller R.
Work in the cold - especially in the unloading of fresh or frozen fish
Arbeit in Kälte - insbesondere beim Löschen von Frost- und Frischfisch [in German]
Statistical information on the extent of cold work in the Federal Republic of Germany and a review of the medical literature on cold work (physiology, pathology, frequency of accidents, adaptation, protection) are followed by a study of working conditions: methods of the study, age groups covered, working conditions in various areas of the economy, subjective limitations, morbidity and accidents. Results of the prophylactic medical examinations of 700 persons exposed to cold in the course of work are presented. High frequencies of respiratory disease, locomotor fatigue and accidents were observed. The literature reviewed shows that occupational medicine has not dealt systematically with the problem of cold work, in spite of the widespread nature of this strenuous work.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Postfach 170202, 4600 Dortmund 17, Federal Republic of Germany, 1982. 144p. 140 ref. Price: DM.21.50.

CIS 83-262
USSR State Standards Committee (Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po standartam)
Loading and unloading operations out at sea - Safety requirements
Raboty pogruzočno-razgruzočnye v more - Trebovanija bezopasnosti [in Russian]
This standard (effective 1 Jan. 1983) applies to the transhipment of loads between units of the deep-sea fishing fleet. Sections cover: general rules (safety measures to be observed, taking into account the motion of the sea and the tonnage of the smaller ship; radio communication to be maintained between moored ships during use of lifting equipment); safety requirements to be met when transshipping loads (loads must be secured against sliding, turning over or dropping at all stages of the operation; protection of crew against falls over board or into hatches; restrictions for angles of roll > 5° and for loads weighing > 5 tons); safety measures at the points where the loads pass over board; safe operation of lifting equipment and of materials handling equipment in the ship holds; safety of slinging appliances; qualifications of personnel in charge of transhipping operations; personal protection.
Izdatel'stvo standartov, Novopresnenskij per.3, 123 557 Moskva, USSR, 30 Mar. 1982. 6p. Price: Rbl.0.03.

CIS 82-1419 Auffray J.C.
Medical assistance for tuna fishermen
Assistance médicale aux pêcheurs de thon [in French]
This MD thesis outlines the historical background of tuna-fishing and medical assistance to tuna-fishermen and considers modern fishing techniques, the fishermen's working and living conditions on board, vocational training, and modern tuna-fishing boats. Medical assistance for tuna-fishermen: origin (fishing grounds are getting constantly more remote from the French coast), organisation, financing of assistance on-shore; structure and materials, premises, means of assistance at sea if a doctor is required. Analysis of medical reports, 1975-1980, and of occupational diseases prevalent among fishermen. New medical and safety organisation envisaged; future trends.
Université de paris VI, Faculté de médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, 1982. 85p. 56 ref.

1981

CIS 82-536 Vejhman V.V., Ramm V.O.
Ergonomics on board fishing-fleet vessels
Ėrgonomika na sudah flota rybnoj promyšlennosti [in Russian]
Contents: study and analysis methods on board ship; reliability of man/machine systems; assignment of functions to man and machine (mechanisation and automation; visual displays; controls: anthropometrical analysis of workstations with a view to ergonomic design and layout; effects of ergonomic factors on navigation and activities on board; occupational qualifications and skills, vocational and professional training of officers; simulation training; ergonomics as related to scientific and technical progress.
Izdatel'stvo "Legkaja i piščevaja promyšlennost'", 1-j Kadaševskij per.12, 113035 Moskva, USSR, 1981. 159p. Illus. 76 ref. Price: Rbl.0.55.

1980

CIS 81-1422
Guatemalan Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social)
Regulations for the application of ILO Convention No.113 concerning medical examinations for fishermen
Normas Reglamentarias para la aplicación del Convenio Internacional del Trabajo 113 relativo al examen médico de los pescadores [in Spanish]
These regulations cover: mandatory pre-employment medical examinations (physical aptitude, health status); competent physicians (from the Guatemala Social Security Institute, the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance, or company doctors of fishing companies - the latter must comply with rules laid down by the above-mentioned Institute and Ministry); medical certificates; employers' duty to keep records; enforcing authorities (labour inspectorate); penalties under the Labour Code.
Diario de Centro América, Acuerdo Gubernativo No.9-80. 19 May Acuerdo Gubernativo No.9-80. 1980, No.74, p.2296.

CIS 81-801 Suzuki T., Kawabe T., Hanato K., Takemoto T., Sato H., Ichikawa R., Miyakama E., Ushizawa I.
Morbidity and change of haemoglobin levels in women engaged in aquiculture
The relations between haemoglobin levels and morbidity, and infestation by intestinal parasites, was studied in 189 women engaged in raising oysters and seaweed. Two women surgically operated for uterus myoma, 3 infested by Trichuris, one with nephritis and choliocystitis, and one with choliocystitis, were not included in the tolerance ellipse formulated from the Hb values of 146 women in good health.
Japanese Journal of Public Health, 15 Nov. 1980, Vol.27, No.11, p.577-580. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 81-520 Glass R.I., Ford R., Allegra D.T., Markel H.L.
Deaths from asphyxia among fishermen
Reported are deaths occurring in the unventilated holds of ships in warm waters and during the warm season. A total of 32 deaths have been documented since 1970. Asphyxia was due to the presence of toxic concentrations of CO₂, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, or CO. Crewmen were often overcome while attempting to rescue a fellow worker. Measures to correct the hazard should include: purging the air in an unventilated hold before entry; educating crewmen to the hazards of working in enclosed spaces; training crew in proper rescue procedures; requiring that respirators and safety ropes be available to rescuers at the entrance to the hold.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 14 Nov. 1980, Vol.244, No.19, p.2193-2194. 6 ref.

CIS 81-182 Dubos M., Susperregui A., Drouet J., Niaussat P.M.
Experimental study of the sensitizing effect of the marine bryozooïd Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L.) - Cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction
Etude expérimentale du pouvoir sensibilisant d'Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L.) (Bryozoaire marin) - Réaction d'hypersensibilité cutanée [in French]
Following an outbreak of acute eczematous dermatitis in fishermen the authors investigated the sensitising role of the zooïd of the phylum Bryozoa by experiments with guinea pigs (percutaneous administration and inhalation). Short-term sensitisation is sufficient to produce hypersensitive reactions. Repeated sensitisation, however, can modify the nature of the allergic response. The skin reactions observed would appear to be an intrication of cell-mediated and humoral hypersensitivity.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1980, Vol.41, No.1, p.9-13. 5 ref.

1979

CIS 80-810 Filikowski J., Krynicki A.
Estimation of the health condition of deep-sea fishermen based on examination of their actual morbidity.
Examination of 1935 fishermen showed 68% of them to be in good health and 32% to have various types of chronic diseases, most frequently rheumatic, circulatory and gastrointestinal conditions, neurosis, diseases of nerves and peripheral ganglions, and genitourinary conditions, especially urolithiasis. Detailed statistics are given. The health status of the men was generally better than that of the general male population.
Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, 1979, Vol.30, No.2, p.175-187. 39 ref.

CIS 80-198 Ivergard T.
The fisherman's working environment - A cramped mini-factory which pitches and rolls
Fiskarens arbetsmiljö: En liten trång fabrik som gungar [in Swedish]
A questionnaire survey of some 1,000 Swedish sea-fishermen showed: work on board trawlers is one of the most arduous occupations; bad working conditions are rendered worse by slippery deck surfaces on board a tossing ship, day/night shifts, exposure to bad weather conditions, noise, vibration, heat and cold. There are many accident hazards: falls on slippery decks; injury from trawl winch, drum and gallows; working conditions by heavy seas. A 70-72h working week is not infrequent. Work in the narrow hold is rendered more difficult by noise reverberation and generally poor lighting. Ergonomic studies could provide solutions to some of these problems.
Arbetsmiljö, 24 Sep. 1979, No.11, p.14-19. Illus.

1978

CIS 80-855 Krylov O.S., Namakonov O.I., Ostrovskij V.Ja., Solov'ev V.T., Capko A.S.
Compendium of regulations on safety and health in the fish industry
Spravočnik po ohrane truda v rybnoj promyšlennosti [in Russian]
Contents: basic Soviet regulations; safety organisation at plant level (training, role of management, effects of psychological factors and working conditions on safety, occupational diseases, accident investigation, personal protection); labour inspection; responsibility in the event of inobservance of regulations; equipment of trawlers and land-based installations from the point of view of safety and health (regulations and standards on electrical safety, ventilation, toxic substances, safety devices, noise and vibration control).
Izdatel'stvo "Piščevaja promyšlennost'", 1-j Kadaševskij per. 12, 113035 Moskva M-35, USSR, 1978. 503p. Illus. 72 ref. Price: Rbl.2.10.

CIS 79-173 Audebert C., Lamoureux P.
Occupational eczema of trawlermen due to contact with bryozoa in the Seine River estuary (first French case studies, 1975-1977)
Eczéma professionnel du marin pêcheur par contact de bryozoaires en baie de Seine (Premiers cas français 1975-1977) [in French]
As a result of proliferation in the Seine River estuary, in the summer season, of phytoplankton dinoflagellata, many trawlermen developed occupational eczema. A systematic investigation was carried out among 120 of these men, all engaged in fishing in the same area. This report gives by way of introduction general background information on skin and eye irritation due to contact with bryozoa, and with Alcyonidium gelatinosum in particular, followed by case studies among the trawlermen concerned, and the results of allergological studies showing the role of Alcyonidium gelatinosum in the allergic reactions in 13 fishermen, principally engaged in drag-net or trammel-net trawling. The eczema of 5 of the 13 fishermen was so severe that they had to seek other work.
Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie, 1978, Vol. 105, No.2, p.187-192. 8 ref.

1977

CIS 79-549
Department of Trade, London.
Marine activities - Guide to the responsibilities of government departments and agencies.
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 has been extended to cover the occupational safety of those engaged in the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf. This booklet directs the reader to the government departments responsible for the various aspects of safety at sea. It is in 3 sections: shipping, offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation, and other subjects (fisheries, etc.). Each section contains a list of the subjects covered, in alphabetical order, giving a reference to the government department with primary responsibility, and these are listed with addresses. The bibliography is in the main a list of the relevant legislation.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, 1977. 48p. 45 ref. Price: £1.00.

CIS 78-820 Rodahl K., Vokac Z.
Work stress in Norwegian trawler fishermen.
Circulatory strain was assessed from continuous recordings of heart rate by means of portable tape recorders in the crew of 2 medium-sized stern trawlers. The mean workload was 30-38% of the heart rate reserve in members of the crew, and 20% in the skipper. Average 24h energy expenditure and urinary catecholamine excretion were lower than in coastal fishermen. Work on board a modern trawler is similar in many respects to workplaces ashore.
Ergonomics, Nov. 1977, Vol.20, No.6, p.633-642. 8 ref.

CIS 78-499 Rodahl K., Vokac Z.
Work stress in long-line bank fishing.
The circulatory strain on 3 Faroe Islands and 2 Norwegian fishermen during bank fishing was continuously assessed by computerised analysis of their heart rates. The urinary excretion of catecholamines was assayed as an indicator of stress response. The average work load was moderate; 26-33% of the heart rate reserve (HRR). Heart rates higher than 50% of HRR (9-18min/24h) as well as peak heart rates up to 165 beats/min indicated periods of intense physical strain, especially when the fish were being unhooked, an operation which usually necessitates a work schedule of job rotation. The catecholamine excretion rates were lower than those of coastal fishermen and similar to those observed in trawler fishermen. Bank fishing need not be unsuitable for older fishermen provided job rotation is practised and the size of the crew is large enough to allow for an adequate amount of sleep even during periods of good fishing.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Sep. 1977, Vol.3, No.3, p.154-159. 5 ref.

CIS 77-1131 Martín González V., Alvarez-Vijande Velazco J.
Safety and health on board - Stern trawler factory ships
Prevención a bordo - Buques factoría de arrastre por popa [in Spanish]
Report of an occupational safety and health study on board a Spanish trawler. Contents: general safety and health problems on board fishing vessels (lack of safety-mindedness; great variety of techniques employed; inadequacy of regulations); specific problems for stern trawlers (slippery work surfaces, unprotected ladders, hazards of handling fishing gear, inadequate personal protective equipment, unguarded equipment, etc.); medical assistance on board (absence of health personnel on board most high-sea fishing vessels, types of occupational accidents, lesions and diseases, recommendations (training in first aid, publication of first-aid handbooks, hospital ship to accompany fishing fleet); study of noise and heat stress.
Salud y trabajo, Dec. 1976-Jan. 1977, No.5, p.36-43. Illus.

1975

CIS 76-476 Spitzer W.O., Hill G.B., Chambers L.W., Helliwell B.E., Murphy H.B.
The occupation of fishing as a risk factor in cancer of the lip.
Study in 339 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lip and 3 control groups (similar carcinomas of the mouth, and head and neck, respectively, and general population), in Newfoundland, Canada, also involving cohort analysis. Fishermen have a 65% higher probability (p<0.01) of developing lip cancer than comparable controls, and about a one-third chance of cancer of the mouth (p<0.001). Based on cohort analysis the lip cancer risk was 4.5 times higher. Surprisingly, use of the mouth as a "third hand" to handle tar-coated nets seemed to protect fishermen from the disease (incidence halved). Neither a specific work activity nor a carcinogen was identified.
New England Journal of Medicine, 28 Aug. 1975, Vol.293, No.9, p.419-424. 46 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1424 Rodahl K., Vokac Z., Fugelli P., Vaage O., Maehlum S.
Circulatory strain, estimated energy output and catecholamine excretion in Norwegian coastal fishermen.
The laboratory and field investigations reported are part of an extensive investigation into the Norwegian fishing industry as a whole. The heart rate of fishermen at sea and catch-handlers on land was monitored continuously by tape recorder, and urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine measured as an index of occupational stress. The methods used are described, as are characteristics of the common fishing operations (hand-line, long-line, net, Danish seine). The work load in the fishermen was found to be rather high (estimated mean 0₂ uptake 0.9-1.1l/min; peak heart rate up to 70-80% of the heart rate reserve) and intermittent in nature, while catecholamine excretion levels showed them to be subject to considerable stress. Catch-handling appears to be as strenous as fishing, but circulatory strain is less. Hand-line fishing is probably the most suitable type of operation for older or handicapped fishermen.
Ergonomics, Sep. 1974, Vol.17, No.5, p.585-602. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 75-508 Report of the joint FAO/ILO/IMCO meeting of consultants on safety on board fishing vessels.
Summary of the proceedings of the joint FAO/ILO/IMCO meeting (London, 11 to 15 Feb. 1974), whose main objective was to finalise Part B of the Code of safety for fishermen and fishing vessels - safety and health requirements for the construction and equipment of fishing vessels. This Part B constitutes the main part of the document. It deals with the design, construction, stability, machinery and equipment of fishing vessels 24m or more in length. There are chapters on fire protection, protection of the crew, life-saving appliances and crew accommodation, promoting specifically the safety and health of the crew.
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, 22 Berners Street, London W.1., United Kingdom, 4 Mar. 1974. 197p. Illus.

1973

CIS 75-2079 Deep sea trawlers - Casualties to vessels and accidents to men - Statistics for the years 1967-1971.
Statistical report in 2 parts. Part A gives statistics of casualties to Britih trawlers between 1967 and 1971, indicating nature of casualty (collision, stranding, foundering, fire, capsizing, etc.). Part B gives statistics of accidents to crew members, broken down by fatal accidents (deaths from casualties to vessels and from personal accidents) and non-fatal injuries, on different types of trawler.
Department of Trade and Industry, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1., United Kingdom, 1973. 17p. Price: £0.315.

1972

CIS 74-204 Delanney T.
Occupational accidents and general pathology with reference to fishermen engaged in small-scale fishing - Study carried out in the Concarneau area
Les accidents du travail maritime et la pathologie générale des marins-pêcheurs de la pêche artisanale - Etude effectuée au quartier de Concarneau [in French]
MD thesis. Study of working and living conditions on board (crew's quarters, hours worked, sleep, diet, welfare, hygiene, work posts). Organisation of occupational health services for seafarers; importance of medical examinations (annual, pre-employment and on return to work after absence of considerable duration). Analysis of various aspects of occupational accidents and their frequency (circumstances of accident, type of injury, part of body affected), giving accident statistics for 1969-70 in tabular form. Examination of illness at sea during the same period, to determine the most frequent causes of sickness among fishermen: rheumatoid (18.8%), broncho-pulmonary (15.6%), gastro-enteric (14.2%) and skin (12%) disorders, etc. Major statutory provisions applicable in France.
Université Paris VII, Faculté de médecine Bichat-Beaujon, Paris. Editions médicales et universitaires, 40 rue Pascal, 75013 Paris, France, 1972. 70p. 27 ref.

CIS 73-349 Dalgaard J.B.
Fatal poisoning and other health hazards connected with industrial fishing
The literature on disease and severe or even acute poisoning due to work in confined spaces with trash fish used for fish-meal production is reviewed and 3 cases of fatal hypoxia in fishing boats and several cases of non-fatal illness in trash-fish handling are described. A survey carried out on air composition in the holds and forecasting of Danish fishing boats is described; in several instances, the low oxygen and/or high carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide concentrations encountered were considered hazardous to life. The poisoning hazards seems greatest during the landing of trash-fish or trash-fish processing in meal plants. Persons under the influence of alcohol may be particularly susceptible. Raw material quality should be improved, safety belts and lifelines should be provided for work in confined spaces, mechanical ventilation should be employed and air testing carried out; fishermen should have an adequate medical service.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.307-316. Illus. 13 ref.

1968

CIS 03-693
International Labour Office (ILO)
Code of safety for fishermen and fishing vessels - Part A: Safety and health practice for skippers and crews; Part B: Safety and health requirements for the construction and equipment of fishing vessels
Recueil de règles de sécurité pour les pêcheurs et les navires de pêche - Partie A: Directives pratiques de sécurité et d'hygiène à l'usage des patrons et des équipages; Partie B: Dispositions à prévoir en matière de sécurité et d'hygiène pour la construction et l'équipement des navires de pêche [in French]
Código de seguridad para pescadores y buques pesqueros - Parte A: Directrices prácticas de seguridad e higiene para patrones y tripulaciones; Parte B: Prescripciones de seguridad e higiene para la construcción y el equipo de buques pesqueros [in Spanish]
Code of safety for fishermen and fishing vessels in two volumes. Part A consists of a code of safety and health practice for skippers and crews of fishing vessels. It deals with the fundamentals of safety and health for fishermen and presents safety principles of common knowledge and practice in navigation and fishing for reducing the risk of injury to fishermen and accidents to equipment. Part B defines the safety and health requirements for the construction and equipment of fishing vessels. It deals with the design, construction, stability, machinery and equipment of fishing vessels 24m or more in length as well as with fire protection, crew protection, life-saving appliances and crew accommodation.
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; London, United Kingdom. Part A: 1968, 108p., Illus., Index. Part B: 1974, 158p., Illus.

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