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Agriculture - 1,538 entries found

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1975

CIS 75-1579 Köhl U.
Hazards of tractor driving - A survey in the Canton of Vaud
Les dangers encourus par les conducteurs de tracteurs - Une enquęte dans le canton de Vaud. [in French]
Following a theoretical review of the problem of vibrations in tractors and a short literature survey, the author presents the results of a questionnaire survey of 582 Swiss farmers, which disclosed a statistical correlation between the age at which tractor driving was commenced and the subsequent incidence of back pain; young persons who commenced before age 14 were particularly affected. Clinical examination of 49 tractor drivers showed spirometer readings slightly lower than Kory's normal values, which could not always be explained by previous medical history. The average audiogram showed slight hearing loss at 6,000Hz. Radiography disclosed a higher incidence of disc hernia and epiphysitis in tractor drivers than in controls.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Mar. 1975, Vol.36, No.3, p.145-162. Illus. 52 ref.

CIS 75-1711 Cortez Pimentel J., Peixoto Menezes A.
Liver granulomas containing copper in vineyard sprayer's lung.
An account of 3 cases of vineyard sprayer's lung following exposure to Bordeaux Mixture (copper sulfate solution neutralised with hydrated lime) for 3-15 years. Study of the liver at autopsy and percutaneous biopsy revealed in each case histiocytic and non-caseating granulomas with inclusions of copper, identified by histochemical techniques. The occupational exposure to copper sulfate, the concomitant presence of the characteristic pulmonary lesions of vineyard sprayer's lung and the finding of copper-containing liver granulomas suggest a new aetiology of hepatic granulomatosis.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Feb. 1975, Vol.111, No.2, p.189-195. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 75-1429 Takahashi M., Inokuchi K., Kasakawa H., Wakai S., Kimura M.
Experimental studies on the effects of zineb and captan sprayed on rabbits in PVC-covered greenhouses.
Animal experiments were conducted in rabbits to study the toxicity of the pesticides zineb (zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate) and captan ((N-trichloromethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxyimide) over a period of 3 months. 4 groups of 7 rabbits were kept in PVC-covered greenhouses in which one of these compounds was sprayed for 30min once or twice a week. At the time of spraying, the zineb and captan concentrations in the greenhouse air were 0.35mg/m3 and 0.20mg/m3 respectively. Although no distinct abnormalities were found in the blood and urine of the animals exposed to captan, histopathological examinations showed significant infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and histiocytes in the lung interalveolar tissue, and eye and skin inflammation also occurred. No such abnormalities were seen in the group exposed to zineb.
Japanese Journal of Agricultural Medicine, Dec. 1974, Vol.23, No.4, p.522-528. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 75-1415 Barričre H., Litoux P., Morin O., Géraut C.
Suppurative trychophytoses of animal origin - A review of 38 recent cases
Les trichophyties suppurées d'origine animale - A propos de 38 observations récentes. [in French]
Analysis of 38 cases of tinea capitis (kerion) and barbae (sycosis) collected in a rural area, of occupational (farmers or workers in contact with animals) or other origin, and the results of an epidemiological study undertaken with the aid of veterinary surgeons of the infested region, showed an increasing incidence of the animal infection (calves) favoured by changes in animal husbandry methods. Report on the clinical, parasitological, immunological, therapeutic and occupational study of this condition, which is almost always associated with infestation of the body and head hair by various species of Trichophyton.
Semaine des hôpitaux, 1975, Vol.51, No.8, p.539-548. Illus.

CIS 75-1427 Whiting W.B.
Occupational illnesses and injuries of California agricultural workers.
Review of occupational health and safety trends among agricultural workers in California, considered to be representative of the USA as a whole. The net effect of the mechanisation of cultivating and harvesting has been a reduction in occupational injuries, and greater willingness to accept and act on safety recommendations. Special reference is made to misreporting in the case of pesticide poisonings. Although the agricultural industry shows an incidence of occupational injury second only to that of the construction industry there are fewer fatal injuries.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1975, Vol.17, No.3, p.177-181. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1116 Martin G.
Tractor driving technique on sloping ground
Technique de conduite du tracteur sur les terrains en pente. [in French]
The following aspects are covered: driver behaviour, wheel adherence on sloping ground, selecting suitable tyres, tractor design (protective cab or frame, weighting of front of tractor, front-wheel brakes, twin wheels), effects of materials carried and trailers.
Technique agricole, Mar. 1975, Vol.37, No.4, p.156-159. Illus.

CIS 75-807 Nagata H., Izumiyama T., Kamata K., Kono S.
A health control study in farmers engaged in agrochemicals spraying, especially speed sprayor operation - Three years' data gathered in a fruit plantation area
Nōyaku-sampu-nōmin, tokuni "speed-sprayor-operator" no kenkō-kanri-hōshiki ni kansuru kenkyū - Kajuchitai ni okeru saikin 3 nenkan no jitsutai-chōsa deeta kara [in Japanese]
The authors analysed periodical health data from 70 farmers who had been engaged in spraying pesticides from tractors for 3 years. The occurrence of acute intoxications and of low serum cholinesterase levels during the spraying seasons were significantly less than during the period before 1970, when the Government suspended the use of the highly toxic compound parathion. A significant increasing trend in the incidence of dermatitis due to pesticides was however noted.
Japanese Journal of Agricultural Medicine, 1 Dec. 1974, Vol.23, No.4, p.507-517. Illus. 56 ref.

CIS 75-806 Gehlbach S.H., Perry L.D., Williams W.A., Freeman J.I., Langone J.J., Peta L.V., Van Vunakis H.
Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco.
The authors monitored urinary cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine) in 43 workers at 4 tobacco farms in North Carolina (USA). None of the workers smoked or chewed tobacco. They further collected samples of dew (nicotine content found: 33-84µg/ml) and of the moisture from the wet shirts of 2 pickers (58-98µg/ml). Green-tobacco sickness (symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness and prostration) occurred in 3 pickers during the study. The mean urinary cotinine level in pickers was 89µg/100mg creatinine, compared with 22.5µg for stringers (who tie the tobacco leaves on poles in the barn for curing), 11.4µg for tractor drivers and 3.5µg for non-exposed controls. Pickers are the occupational group most susceptible to tobacco sickness, being contaminated by the dew on green tobacco leaves, which dissolves nicotine. Stringers and tractor drivers are less exposed, while absorption is less in pickers who wear protective raincoats.
Lancet, 1 Mar. 1975, Vol.1, No.7905, p.478-480. Illus. 11 ref.

1974

CIS 99-1091 The Agriculture (Tractor Cabs) Regulations 1974 [United Kingdom]
The text of these regulations includes amendments to 1990. Topics: agriculture; approval; law; marking; notification of occupational accidents; protection against overturning; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; safety frames and cabs; tractors; United Kingdom.
Photocopy, 7p. On file at CIS.

CIS 77-506 Rotary mowers
Slaghřstere [in Norwegian]
These rules which entered into force on 1 July 1975 cover the responsibilities of the manufacturer, employer and worker, minimum age for drivers (18 years), legal aspects and safety techniques (built-in safety, prevention of access to rotating parts, strong hood resisting projection of fragments in the event of bursting of the rotor blade, minimum distance of 40cm between the inspection opening and the rotor blade, full guarding of the power take-off shaft, etc.). Appendices: extract of safety rules concerning power take-offs for accessory tools, with drawings of appropriate guards.
Verneregler Nr.23, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, Nov. 1974. 5p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 76-1789 Accidents in agriculture and horticulture - Analysis and directives for their prevention
Les accidents en agriculture et en horticultrue - Analyse et directives pour la prévention. [in French]
Results, presented in tabular form with commented diagrams, of 3 statistical surveys carried out in the Belgian agriculture and horticultural sectors: (a) a 5-year survey (1966-1972) covering accidents within the scope of the Belgian Occupational Accidents Act; (b) a survey (covering the period Jan. 1969-June 1972) of accidents due to the use of agricultural tractors where the injured were protected persons under the above Act; (c) a sample survey covering the period 1 Nov. 1972-1 Nov. 1973. Aspects covered: time of year, day of week and time of day of accident occurrence; sex, marital status, age of injured person; body site of injury; consequences. Separate statistics for tractor accidents. Brief enumeration of preventive measures suggested by statistical analysis.
Commissariat général ŕ la promotion du travail, 53 rue Belliard, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1974. 47p. Illus.

CIS 76-1413 Schwanghart H.
Tractor overturning and testing of safety devices against overturning.
Translation of: Schlepperumsturz und Prüfung von Umsturz-Schutzeinrichtungen, Landtechnische Forschung, Wolfratshausen, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1971, Vol.19, No.1, p.1-5. The main attention is directed towards sideways overturning: incidence of frequency of tractor overturns in the Fed. Rep. of Germany (13,000 annually, of which 70% are sideways); calculation of static and dynamic turning angle; kinematics of an overturning tractor; velocities and energies; safety devices (acoustic signals, safety frames, etc.); testing methods according to some national and international standards.
Translation 340, Scientific Information Section, National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, United Kingdom, no date. 14p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 76-1105 Baker L.D., Wilkinson R.H.
Occupational health survey of Michigan farmers.
This questionnaire survey collected data on farm operations, chronic health problems, and recent health problems of 851 farmers. The farmers' average age was 49 years and they had 28 years full-time experience. The major problem was back pain due to lifting or to vibration from farm tractors. Significant noise-induced hearing losses also occurred, and these losses increase with age. Recommendations are given for informing farmers and for improving their health.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA, June, 1974. 88p. Illus.

CIS 76-816 Occupational exposure to pesticides - Report to the Federal Working Group on Best Management from the Task Group on Occupational Exposure to Pesticides.
This report covers the extent and severity of the organophosphorus residue problem in the USA, identifies areas in which information is unavailable, and recommends guidelines for research required to obtain the data. The chapters in Part A (Overview of organophosphates and farm worker health) are: organophosphorus pesticide usage, population at risk, recognised reentry related pesticide illnesses, pesticide legislation and administrative regulations, approaches to reducing organophosphorus residues, basic strategies for protecting farm workers from pesticide residues, alternative methods for establishing worker reentry periods, and worker reentry studies conducted to date. Part B (Standardised worker reentry research) includes: general methodological considerations, experimental design, and medico-ethical considerations in pesticide reentry studies. Appendices include cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus pesticides, absorption of pesticides through the skin of man, removal of dislodgeable residues from citrus by washing, statistical procedures and details, and recommended methods for cholinesterase assay.
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, 1974. 155p. Illus. 176 ref.

CIS 76-181 Spear R.C.
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio.
Organophosphate pesticides: The residue intoxication problem.
2 studies (of a series of 7) of parathion residue hazards to orange grove harvesters are reported. The sampling techniques included personal air samplers and patches attached externally on the clothing and to the skin; variables were foliar residues, heat stress indices, work rates, and airborne pesticide levels. Cholinesterase response was used to determine residue levels in blood. It appeared that paraoxon is the principal toxic constituant of the residue and the principal exposure is dermal.
AD-AO11 854/7WP, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, USA, Dec. 1974. 12p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$3.25/Microfiche US-$2.25.

CIS 76-268 Jenisch K.H.
Critical review of tractor ergonomics
Kritisches zur Ergonomie des Traktors [in German]
In spite of certain improvements, the tractor remains a psychologically and physiologically unsatisfactory workplace in many respects. Increasing size is further making ever greater demands on muscular and visual effort. Uneconomical work below the efficiency limit of the tractor can almost always be traced to inadequate workplace conditions. The problems of vibration, noise, dust protection and automatic steering devices are discussed critically.
Agrartechnik, Nov. 1974, Vol.24, No.11, p.525-528. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 76-53 Witek F.
Inhalational damage in agriculture
Inhalationsschäden in der Landwirtschaft [in German]
Farmer's lung - the commonest form of extrinsic allergic alveolitis - is an allergic response to inhalation of organic dust with a particle size of less than 2µm, e.g. mould spores. The question of the precipitin reaction is discussed, it being stressed that the test must always be evaluated in the light of the clinical picture. The symptoms of acute, subacute and chronic farmer's lung are described, with case-notes and the results of lung function tests in 3 agricultural patients. The need for differential diagnosis between bronchial asthma or the chronic form of farmer's lung, and the acute form, conclude the article.
Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift, 20 Apr. 1974, Vol.124, No.16. p.250-253. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 75-2010 Opekar B., Hruška J., Kociánová M.
Evaluation of the exposure of workers to organochlorinated insecticides during use in agriculture
Zjišt'ování expozice pracovníků při aplikaci insekticidních preparátů typu chlorovaných uhlovodíků v zemědělství [in Czech]
The authors measured dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) atmospheric concentrations during potato crop spraying operations in the open with these insecticides. TLVs (Soviet values: 0.1mg/m3 for DDT and 0.05mg/m3 for HCH) were only exceeded while the sprayer tank was being filled, an operation which required only a few minutes. On the other hand, during the spraying of cowsheds values of 1.8 times the TLV (for DDT) and 1.4 times (HCH) were determined occasionally, whereas average concentrations were below the TLV. Chlorinated hydrocarbon blood plasma levels doubled after exposure to hot aerosols, and these levels were significantly higher among subjects normally occupationally exposed, even when at rest, than among controls. The question of absorption of these insecticides in food is considered.
Pracovní lékařství, Oct. 1974, Vol.26, No.9, p.339-343. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 75-1714 Villar T.G.
Vineyard sprayer's lung - Clinical aspects.
All known cases of vineyard sprayer's lung, first described in 1969, have been caused by the inhalation of "Bordeaux mixture", a pesticide containing copper sulfate. A review of the pathological features of the disease is followed by an account of 15 cases diagnosed at the Lisbon University Hospital. These cases are analysed from the clinical, radiographic and laboratory points of view in an attempt to define the various clinicopathological forms of the disease and methods of diagnosis. The high incidence of lung cancer found in those with vineyard sprayer's lung may be related to the copper found in their lesions.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Nov. 1974, Vol.110, No.5, p.545-555. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 75-1712 Meneghini C.L., Lospalluti M., Angelini G.
Cutaneous anthrax: observations in 18 cases.
Short communication about 18 cases of anthrax from rural areas in Italy observed between 1967 and 1971. Most of the patients had occupational contact with infected animals or animal products. Symptoms, swab culture test results and treatment are outlined.
Berufs-Dermatosen, Nov.-Dec. 1974, No.6, p.233-237. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 75-1710 Steevens J.C.A.
Report on a survey made in 1974 on occupational safety in agricultural undertakings
Verslag van de landelijke veiligheidenquete gehouden onder agrarische loonbedrijven in 1974 [in Dutch]
Results of a questionnaire survey carried out among 253 farms and agricultural undertakings in the Netherlands. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the opinions and attitudes of workers towards safety consciousness in mechanised agricultural work. Analysis of the results investigates the following factors and aspects: breakdown by age group; degree of vocational training; size of farm or undertaking; safety and comfort of tractors; power take-off shafts and tractor attachments; safety literature; accidents and compensation; dangerous work; suggestions for safe working methods and health protection. The questionnaire form used is appended.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Afdeling Landbouw, Postbus 69, Voorburg, Netherlands, Nov. 1974. 36p.

CIS 75-1308 Zenkov V.G., Zemcov V.A.
Lighting in breeding farms
Osveščenie pomeščenij životnovodčeskih kompleksov [in Russian]
Recommendations for mixed lighting of large-surface sheds, stables, and pigsties. The article reproduces equations for calculating natural lighting (from above and the side) and gives advice on the installation of additional artificial lighting. Table comparing the minimum illumination levels laid down in national standards (USSR, USA, United Kingdom, France, Fed.Rep. and Dem.Rep. of Germany, Poland) for different types of breeding farms.
Mehanizacija i ėlektrifikacija socialističeskogo sel'skogo hozjajstva, Oct. 1974, No.10, p.22-24. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 75-1425 De Putter P.
Labour inspection and safety in agriculture
Arbeidsinspectie en landbouwveiligheid [in Dutch]
A short history of the evolution of safety legislation and the activity of the Dutch labour inspectorate in agriculture is followed by some statistical figures on agricultural accidents in the Netherlands. 10-12% of the victims were children. Other aspects dealt with are motivation to safe working, the Agricultural Workers Safety and Health Decree, product safety in agriculture, the Pesticides Act, electrical safety and the employment of young persons.
De veiligheid, Nov. 1974, No.11, p.453-457. Illus.

CIS 75-1120 Demidenko N.M., Mirgijazova M.G.
The combined biological effect of high air temperature and the pesticide anthio
Sočetannoe vlijanie na organizm vysokoj temperatury vozduha i pesticida antio [in Russian]
Results of exposure evaluations in cotton farming workers applying a new insecticide and acaricide - anthio, a phosphorodithioate preparation. The evaluations were carried out under both laboratory and field conditions, i.e. during the hot season. It was found that high air temperatures (36-40°C) potentiate the toxic effects of anthio. Animal experiments have shown that the application of heat enhances the toxicity of the pesticide by a factor of 1.5 to 2.
Gigiena i sanitarija, July 1974, No.7, p.18-21. 3 ref.

CIS 75-1119 Wagner R., Hoyer J.
The determination of pesticide concentrations in the work environment in agriculture
Zur Bestimmung der Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) in der Landwirtschaft [in German]
Detailed description of the sampling and analysing techniques for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides: absorption efficiency of different sampling solvents, stability of samples, extraction of pesticides and concentration, determination of active agents of pesticides by thin layer chromatography in the case of methyl parathion, dimethoate, butonate (dimethyl-trichlorobutyryloxy ethylphosphate), trichlorphon, DDVP (dimethyl-dichlorovinyl phosphate), demephion (tinox 50) DDT, HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane) and dicofol; and by photometry in the case of DNOC (4,6-dinitro-o-cresol) and DNBP (2,4-dinitro-6-butylphenol).
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Mar. 1974, Vol.20, No.3, p.146-150. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 75-1050 Bleumink E., Nater J.P.
Contact dermatitis in a gardener caused by daffodils.
The case of a gardener with pruritic dermatitis of the hands, arms and face after some 12 years of employment at a florist's is described. Patch tests showed positive results to daffodil flower and leaf extracts with various solvents. It was recommended that contact with daffodils and other bulbous plants of the Amaryllidaceae family should be avoided; since doing so the patient has become symptom-free.
Berufs-Dermatosen, June 1974, Vol.22, No.3, p.123-126. 7 ref.

CIS 75-1115 Martinez Llinares V.
Agriculture, occupational medicine and rural health
Agricultura, medicina del trabajo y salud rural [in Spanish]
The first part of this booklet takes stock of the present status of rural medicine in some Asian countries (People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Thailand), on the basis of communications made to the First Asian Congress of Rural Medicine (Usuda, Japan, Oct. 1973). The second part describes the medical aid system for agricultural workers as it is applied in Spain, and is followed by a concluding part describing briefly how occupational medicine as applied to agriculture and occupational safety in agriculture are taught in Spain.
Instituto nacional de medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Ciudad universitaria, Pabellón 8, Madrid 3, Spain, 1974. 45p. Illus.

CIS 75-786 Jindřichová J.
Occupational diseases other than anthropozoonoses in Czechoslovak agriculture and forestry
Choroby z povolání v zemědělství a lesním hospodářství v ČSSR mimo antropozoonózy [in Czech]
Statistical returns concerning occupational diseases (other than diseases transmissible from animals to man) notified in Czechoslovakia during the period 1957-1971 show that there were 407 cases of poisoning and 1,526 of skin disease. The poisonings were mainly due to organophosphorus products (215 cases), calcium cyanamide (47), lead (25), carbon monoxide (15), benzene hexachloride (13). The conditions in which occupational diseases originate are discussed. Suggested preventive measures.
Pracovní lékařství, Apr. 1974, Vol.26, No.4, p.134-136. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-808 Popendorf W.J., Spear R.C.
Preliminary survey of factors affecting the exposure of harvesters to pesticide residues.
Investigation into exposure of grape, orange and peach harvesters to pesticides. A diagram illustrates the various environmental, toxicological and other factors influencing exposure to and absorption of pesticide residues by agricultural workers. Work procedures are described in detail for each crop, with observations on clothing, hours of work, work rates, etc. Details of air sampling procedures used and results of airborne dust analyses (concentration and particle size) are given. The high values for airborne particulates suggest that contaminated dust is the primary vehicle for residue exposure.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1974, Vol.35, No.6, p.374-380. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-778 Elischerová K., Stúpalová S.
Discovery of listeria among occupationally exposed persons
Nálezy listérií u profesionálně exponovaných osob [in Slovak]
The authors isolated Listeria (erysipelothrix) monocytogenes (L.m.) in the faeces, in smears from the upper airways, and on the skin (hands) and workclothes of workers in the meat industry, agricultural workers, and those employed in undertakings where listeriosis-infected animals were to be found. Cultures taken from these smears were positive for L.m., and this was confirmed by findings of higher levels of O,H-agglutinins and complement-binding antibodies in the workers examined, who all appeared to be in good health at the time of the examination. However, closer scrutiny of their history brought to light further evidence of possible infection: influenza-type symptoms, premature births, stillbirths, etc.
Pracovní lékařství, May 1974, Vol.26, No.5, p.175-179. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 75-774 Sergent L.
Tetanus: its occupational incidence - its prevention
Le tétanos: son incidence professionnelle - sa prévention. [in French]
Following a statistical analysis demonstrating the occupational incidence of tetanus, prevalent mostly in rural areas, this thesis discusses various methods of prevention, the only efficacious long-term method being vaccination. The author analyses the causes of the relative lack of success of the measures taken to combat this disease in France (insufficient knowledge of the disease and of vaccination possibilities, loopholes in statutory measures), with reference to the practitioner's responsibility and the cost aspects of vaccination. Solutions are proposed, with emphasis on those which the author deems most appropriate: more extensive legislation, educational measures to increase workers' awareness of this hazard, reimbursement of vaccination costs, medical identity card showing bearer's vaccination or serum history.
Université de Paris VI, Faculté de médecine Broussais - Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France, 1974. 49p. 75 ref.

CIS 75-790 Jabłońska B., Łotach H.
Determination of the basic features required of protective clothing against liquid pesticides
Ustalenie podstawowych wymagań dla odzieży ochronnej przeznaczonej do prac związanych ze stosowaniem płynnych środków ochrony roślin [in Polish]
Study of the protective and mechanical properties of Impranil- and PVC-coated fabrics for the manufacture of protective clothing against liquid pesticides, the efficacy of decontamination methods and the physiological consequences of wearing garments made of these fabrics. Description of tests and results of observations of the body thermoregulatory system, the load on the circulatory system and the microclimate under the protective clothing. These tests were carried out on 10 tractor drivers spraying crops. On the basis of the results obtained the authors lay down certain recommended features for protective clothing for agricultural workers coming into contact with liquid pesticides. These fabrics can be borne in mind in studying new fabrics and in manufacturing protective clothing. Recommendations for care and use of the garments examined.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1974, Vol.24, No.81, p.127-151. 21 ref.

CIS 75-789 Łotach H.
Determination of the basic qualities required of clothing for agricultural and forestry work, and drainage - Part 2: Hygienic and physiological evaluation of selected suits of protective work clothing
Ustalenie podstawowych wymagań dla odzieży stosowanej przy pracach rolnych, melioracyjnych i leśnych - Część 2: Ocena wybranych zestawów odzieży ochronnej z punktu widzenia higieny i fizjologii [in Polish]
The author describes the physiological effects of wearing impregnated (Ziram + melaphobe Z) and non-impregnated cotton work clothes. He measured the indices of thermoregulating processes and the load on the circulatory system of 10 students, using a bicycle ergometer, corresponding to the physical effort required of a group of forestry workers. The wearing of protective clothing did not result in any great increase in the physiological load. The author comes to the conclusion that there is no objection to forestry workers wearing these garments for the entire 8h working day.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1974, Vol.24, No.81, p.118-123. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 75-788 Liwkowicz J., Pawłowska Z.
Determination of the basic qualities required of clothing for agricultural and forestry work, and drainage - Part 1: Criteria to be met by protective clothing
Ustalenie podstawowych wymagań dla odzieży stosowanej przy pracach rolnych, melioracyjnych i leśnych - Część 1: Wymagania w zakresie właściwości użytkowych odzieży [in Polish]
The authors describe experimental impregnation against putrefaction and waterproofing processes carried out on several varieties of cotton fabrics, and tests carried out on garments made of each fabric, before and after wear. The results, summarised in tables, show that treatment with oak-bark tannin and melaphobe Z confers good resistance properties against microorganisms, the clothing still remaining extremely wash-resistant and retaining its suppleness and other mechanical qualities during many months of use. Waterproofing reduced the sensitivity of the fabrics to humidity but did not affect their hygroscopic qualities or air permeability. In conclusion, the authors lay down the specifications to be met by textile fabrics used for the manufacture of outdoor workers' clothing.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1974, Vol.24, No.81, p.99-117. 20 ref.

CIS 75-802 Líška D., Tildyová K.
Study of the changes of the activity of certain enzymes in the blood of pilots and mechanics exposed to organophosphorus pesticides
Štúdium zmien aktivity niektorých enzýmov v krvi pilotov a mechanikov, exponovaných organofosforovým pesticídom [in Slovak]
The authors examined the changes in cholinesterase activity, and blood levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and their isoenzymes in pilots and mechanics engaged in crop-dusting operations with organophosphorus pesticides. Exposure to these pesticides resulted in erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase inhibition and increased GPT and LDH isoenzyme activity (particularly that of LDH5). The effect of exposure on GOT and alkaline phosphatase was not confirmed. Occupational exposure had lasted for 3 to 19 years (average 7.6 years). These results show the urgent need for preventive measures in this field.
Československá hygiena, July 1974, Vol.19, No.6-7, p.289-295. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 75-800 Gärtig W.
Safe work in spreading fertilisers
Arbeitsschutz beim Düngen [in German]
Brochure dealing with the hazards involved and safe working methods in handling and spreading solid and liquid inorganic fertilisers. Special attention is devoted to the agricultural machinery and aircraft used in fertiliser spreading. The last chapter deals with safe working methods when employing manure or organic fertilisers, particularly as regards dung channel cleaning systems and the storing of liquid manure.
Verlag Tribüne, Am Treptower Park 28-30, x 1193 , 1974. 79p. Illus. Price: M.1.20.

CIS 75-478 Lefcoe N.M., Wonnacott T.H.
Chronic respiratory disease in four occupational groups.
In a prevalence survey of 1,072 Western Ontario farmers, chemical workers, firemen and physicians, chronic respiratory disease rates differed significantly. Farmers and chemical workers showed higher rates of chronic bronchitis and rhonchi heard on auscultation and lower forced expiratory volume rates (FEV1) than physicians and firemen. The asthma rates were high in all occupational groups, averaging 5.2%, related possibly to the damp climate and the high mould and pollen-spore production in Western Ontario. Other information indicated a definite effect of age (corrected for smoking) on chronic bronchitis and asthma.
Archives of Environmental Health, Sep. 1974, Vol.29, No.3, p.143-146. 12 ref.

CIS 75-192 Hefti J.
Built-in protection for tractor drivers (safety frame or cab) can no longer be delayed
La mise en place d'un dispositif de protection pour le conducteur (arceau, cadre ou cabine de sécurité) ne peut plus ętre différée davantage. [in French]
The author stresses the necessity for having proper protection for the driver as a feature incorporated in tractors, describing successful efforts made in this direction in Sweden and Germany (Fed.Rep.). He refutes the following arguments put forward by the principal opponents of this type of protection: low incidence rate of tractor overturns and high cost of protection; probability of fatal outcome in any case if the tractor rolls over more than once; hope of finding a solution to the problem with technical progress and safety engineering; protection of this kind, these opponents allege, only increase negligent habits and foolhardiness among drivers, and impede the passage of tractors through doorways.
Technique agricole, Mar. 1974, Vol.36, No.4, p.153-154, No.5, p.195-196, and Apr. 1974, No.6, p.245-248. Illus.

CIS 74-1716 Rules prohibiting the employment of young persons under 18 in dangerous agricultural work
Forskrifter om forbud mot ĺ sette ungdom under 18 ĺr til farlig arbeid i jordbruket [in Norwegian]
Safety rules promulgated on 7 Feb. 1974 under the Act of 19 Dec. 1958 on conditions of work in agriculture and entered into force on 5 Apr. 1974. They contain provisions on: employers' and workers' liability, legal implications, agricultural machinery which young people under 18 are forbidden to operate (circular saws, threshers, forage cutters, welding equipment, earthmoving equipment, prime movers, tractors, chain saws, etc.) and prohibited work (blasting, work in silos, crop protection, etc.).
Verneregler Nr.15, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Styret for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, Feb. 1974. 4p. Gratis.

CIS 74-1430 Cumming G.D., Bailey G.
Seasonal variation of cardiorespiratory fitness of grain farmers.
Maximal oxygen uptake and physical working capacity of 29 Canadian farmers fell about 10% from April before seeding to September after harvesting. The work of caring for livestock in winter, plus winter sport, may have led to a greater level of fitness in winter than that provided by the physical activity required for the summer grain operation. The advantage of the farmer regarding a reduced frequency of clinical coronary heart disease may be related to physical fitness; if so, the highly mechanised farmer may need to take steps to maintain his fitness if he wishes to keep this advantage.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1974, Vol.16, No.2, p.91-93. 10 ref.

CIS 74-1399 Stewart C.J.
Mushroom worker's lung - Two outbreaks.
The clinical picture, immunological findings and working environment of 6 mushroom farm workers who developed the characteristic features of mushroom worker's lung while handling pasteurised compost, are reported and discussed. A specific antigen has not been identified. Until such time as the constitutional, immunological and environmental factors predisposing to the development of alveolitis are better understood, preventive measures must be empirical.
Thorax, Mar. 1974, Vol.29, No.2, p.252-257. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-1104 Four-wheeled tractors in agriculture
Vierwielige trekkers in de landbouw [in Dutch]
Directives for the safe equipment and operation of 4-wheeled tractors: safety frames and safety cabs; ergonomic design of driver's seats and pedals; mudguards on rear wheels; draw-bar assemblies; power take-off and intermediate shafts; instructions for drivers (starting, driving under various operating conditions, precautions against overturning and rearing, coupling and uncoupling of trailer and implements); hearing protection. Extracts from the Netherlands safety and health legislation are appended.
P no 29, Labour Inspectorate, Directorate General of Labour (Arbeidsinspectie, Directoraat-General van de Arbeid), Postbus 69, Voorburg, Netherlands, 6th edition, 1974. 11p. Illus.

1973

CIS 00-327 Agricultural Pesticides Rules, 1973 [Pakistan]
Regulations in application of the 1971 Ordinance on the same subject (CIS 00-326). Topics: agriculture; antidote treatment; approval; chemical hazards; data sheet; labour inspection; law; licensing new products; packing, filling; Pakistan; pesticides; sample processing; warning notices.
Photocopy, 34p. On file at CIS.

CIS 99-1054 Act No.5.889 of 8 June 1973 regulating agricultural work and other provisions [Brazil]
Lei n°5.889 de 8 de junho de 1973 estatui normas reguladoras do trabalho rural e dá outras providęncias [in Portuguese]
Topics: agriculture; Brazil; child labour; conditions of work; hours of work; law; night work; responsibilities of employers.
Coleçăo das leis de 1973, Vol.III, atos do poder legislativo, leis de abril a junho, República federativa do Brasil, 2p.

CIS 99-1057 Decree No.73-892 of 11 Sep. 1973 concerning the organization and financing of the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases among agricultural workers [France]
Décret n°73-892 du 11 sept. 1973 relatif ŕ l'organisation et au financement de la prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles des salariés agricoles [France] [in French]
Topics: agriculture; economic aspects; France; law; national organization; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; public OSH institutions; role of insurance institutions.
Dictionnaire Permanent Sécurité et Conditions de Travail, Agriculture, Feuillets 32, 25 Jan. 1993, p.321-323.

CIS 75-2008 Dahir to promulgate Act No.1-72-219 to determine the conditions of employment and remuneration of agricultural workers
Dahir portant loi n°1-72-219 déterminant les conditions d'emploi et de rémunération des salariés agricoles. [in French]
This Royal Decree dated 24 Apr. 1973, applies to workers employed in agricultural and forestry undertakings and ancillary activities in this sector. Title 3 concerns occupational safety and health (workplace hygiene; safe working conditions; farm machinery, transmission belts; heating and lighting). Provision is made for subsidiary legislation concerning harmful products used in agriculture.
Bulletin Officiel du Royaume du Maroc, 25 Apr. 1973, Vol.62, No.3156, p.669-672. (English and Spanish translations published in Legislative Series, 1973-Mor.1, International Labour Office, 1211 Genčve 22, Switzerland).

CIS 75-1114 Fumigation with hydrocyanic acid
Fumigación con ácido cianhídrico [in Spanish]
This data sheet describes the fumigating methods used in fruit farming, using covers to enclose the trees, and indicates the precautions to be used for each method. The symptoms of hydrocyanic acid poisoning are listed and emergency treatment described.
Hoja informativa n°32, National Occupational Safety and Health Programme, Provincial Technical Service (Plan nacional de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Gabinete técnico provincial), Valencia, Spain, Mar. 1973. 4p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 74-2006 Annual report of the Social Insurance Institute for Agriculture and Forestry (Austria) in 1972
Jahresbericht 1972 der Land- und Forstwirtschaftlichen Sozialversicherungsanstalt [in German]
This report includes an overall statistical view of the activities of the Institute as regards accident insurance and disability insurance; financial situation; activity in the field of occupational accident prevention; statistical data are given in tabular form (causes of accidents, injured person's occupation, type of machinery involved).
Land- und Forstwirtschaftliche Sozialversicherungsanstalt, Wiedner Gürtel 10, 1041 Wien, Austria, undated. 213p. Illus.

CIS 74-2005 Manfredi E.
Considerations on safety and comfort in agricultural mechanisation, with particular regard to agricultural tractors
Considerazioni sulla sicurezza e sul comfort nella meccanizzazione agricola con particolare riguardo al trattore agricolo [in Italian]
The author describes the present state of mechanisation of agriculture in Italy and outlines trends in its progress with statistical data. He examines in detail the factors affecting safety and comfort in tractors and other agricultural machinery, and studies the conditions for the approval of agricultural machinery from the point of view of safety and comfort in conformity with the Italian highway code and OECD directives, mainly dealing with stability, steering, noise, lighting, vibrations and exhaust fumes. He emphasises the necessity to enhance accident prevention in agriculture by co-ordinating more efficiently the action being taken by the various bodies concerned.
Securitas, 1973, No.5-6, p.517-539.

CIS 74-1916 Griegel B.
Research on the possibilities of differential diagnosis available to occupational hygienists in the presence of subnormal cholinesterase levels
Untersuchungen über die differentialdiagnostischen Möglichkeiten bei subnormalen Cholinesterasewerten unter arbeitshygienischen Aspekten [in German]
Account and discussion of a method which makes it possible to differentiate, with a minimum time lapse, between a lowering in cholinesterase levels following exposure to organic phosphoric acid esters and lowering due to other causes. This method of differential diagnosis is based on the reactivation of the cholinesterases by Obidoxime. The author stresses its usefulness for routine checks.
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, July 1973, Vol.19, No.7, p.505-508. 21 ref.

CIS 74-1715 Ajzenštat B.A., Osoveckaja C.M., Anan'ina V.M., Karpačeva O.F.
The thermal balance of tractor drivers in cotton farming during the hot season
Teplovoe sostojanie mehanizatorov hlopkovodstva v žarkij period goda [in Russian]
Study of climatic conditions in tractor cabs and measurement of parameters characterising drivers' thermal load (skin temperature, stroke volume, cardiac output, speed of processing information, etc.). The thermal balance of persons not protected against solar radiation and of persons protected by a cab were calculated from the results. The period during which the least favourable thermal conditions occur is between 13 and 17h in June and July; this should be taken into account in planning the working day. It is also suggested that showers should be installed on agricultural machinery, screens should be set up along field borders to shelter workers during breaks, and light work clothing should be supplied.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1973, No.10, p.8-11. 3 ref.

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