Nickel and compounds - 215 entries found

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• Nickel and compounds

1976

CIS 77-1871 Saknyn' A.V., El'ničnyh L.N., Voroncova A.S., Fraš V.N.
General toxicity of dust set free during crude nickel production
Obščetoksičeskoe dejstvie pylej proizvodstva černovogo nikelja [in Russian]
Results of studies in rats and mice exposed to acute, subacute and chronic doses of converter matte, nickel concentrate, and dust from dust collectors. All these dusts produced toxic blood, liver, kidney and other lesions after endotracheal, intraperitoneal and intragastric administration, and possessed cumulative properties. The different nickel contents of the dusts did not produce appreciable differences in toxicity. A TLV of 0.1mg/m³ is recommended on the basis of animal experiments and industrial mortality statistics for nickel-induced cancer.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1976, No.12, p.29-32. 3 ref.

CIS 77-1975 Sunderman F.W.
A review of the carcinogenicities of nickel, chromium and arsenic compounds in man and animals.
More than 400 cases of lung cancer and 125 of nasal cancer in nickel-exposed workers are compiled. Mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis. Chromium-induced respiratory tract, nasal cavity and laryngeal cancers; experimental carcinogenicity of lead chromate and lead-molybdenum chromate. Arsenic-induced cancer of the lung, skin and other organs in copper refinery workers, gold miners, smelters, sheep-dip workers, workers using or manufacturing insecticides. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity of arsenic compounds in experimental animals.
Preventive Medicine, June 1976, Vol.5, No.2, p.279-294. 167 ref.

CIS 77-1673 Høgetveit A.C., Barton R.T.
Preventive health program for nickel workers.
Plasma and urine nickel levels were determined regularly in 179 electrolysis department workers and 126 roasting and smelting department workers. The average plasma concentrations were 7.4 and 6.0µg/l respectively (controls, 4.2µg/l). Average urine levels in exposed workers were 89µg/l (21µg/l in controls). High plasma and urine nickel levels correponded to a high incidence of respiratory cancer, but no association has yet been established.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1976, Vol.18, No.12, p.805-808. 13 ref.

CIS 77-745 Zaidi S.H., Gupta G.S.D., Rahman Q., Kaw J.L., Shanker R.
Early response of gastric mucosa to ingested asbestos dust and the dissolution of nickel.
The gastric response evoked by asbestos fibres (chrysotile, amosite, anthophyllite, and tremolite) was studied in guinea pigs 6h after oral administration. Substantial amounts of nickel were leached from the dusts into the gastric juice, the maximum being with chrysotile. Histopathological examination of stomach and biochemical analysis for total acidity, peptic activity, and the contents of mucin did not reveal any alterations of significance.
Environmental Research, Oct. 1976, Vol.12, No.2, p.139-143. 28 ref.

CIS 77-158 Katz S.A.
Nickel-epidermal reactions: Diffusion and binding.
The diffusion of nickel through the epidermis and the binding of nickel to the epidermis were investigated in order to elucidate some of the variables associated with nickel contact allergy. The methodology is described and the results presented and discussed. Diffusion of nickel through the epidermis from nickel sulfate solutions in various concentrations was found to be slight. Considerable amounts of nickel, however, were bound to the epidermis. It was found that free carboxyl groups are involved in the binding of nickel to a greater extent than are amino groups.
Environmental Research, Feb. 1976, Vol.11, No.1, p.34-39. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 76-1614 Cadmium, nickel, some epoxides, miscellaneous industrial chemicals and general considerations on volatile anaesthetics.
A series of 25 monographs consisting of data reviewed and evaluated by an international group of experts (Lyon, 9-11 Dec. 1975 and 3-9 Feb. 1976). Individual monographs are devoted to: cadmium and cadmium compounds; nickel and nickel compounds; diepoxybutane; diglycidyl resorcinol ether; epichlorohydrin; 1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane; 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate; cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid; ethylene oxide; fusarenon-X; glycidaldehyde; glycidyl oleate; glycidyl stearate; propylene oxide; styrene oxide; triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; benzyl chloride; β-butyrolactone; γ-butyrolactone; dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine; 1,4-dioxane; ethylene sulfide; trichloroethylene; and 4-vinylcyclohexene. A chapter is devoted to volatile anaesthetics. Supplementary corrigenda and a substance cumulative index to IARC monographs (Volumes 1-11) are appended.
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man, Vol.11. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 2, France, 1976. 306p. 770 ref. Price: SF.34.00.

1975

CIS 76-1911 Sunderman F.W.
Toxicology and metabolism of nickel compounds - Progress report, December 1, 1974-November 30, 1975.
Nickel(II) chloride, nickel sulfides (Ni₃S₂ and NiS) and nickel powder were used in studies with rats and hamsters. Results included: hyperglucagonaemia as cause of hyperglycaemia of Ni(II) in rats; Ni(II) produces nephropathy with proteinuria and amino aciduria in rats; manganese inhibits the carcinogenicity of Ni₃S₂ in rats and affects the excretion of nickel and histological reactions of Ni₃S₂; triethylenetetramine is an effective antidote for acute Ni(II) poisoning in rats and it suppresses the acute renal toxicity, but it does not prevent hyperglycaemic and hyperglucagonaemic responses; time- and dose-response relations for nickel-induced erythrocytosis.
COO-3140-34, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA, 15 Aug. 1975. 32p. 15 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$4.00/Microfiche US-$2.25.

CIS 76-1020 Wahlberg J.W.
Nickel allergy and atopy in hairdressers.
A study of 35 hairdressers with hand eczema was made during an 18-month period. A total of 29 were test-positive to one or more substances in the standard battery of 32 allergens (metals, rubber chemicals, dyes, plastics, drugs for topical treatment, cosmetics, preservatives, etc.) and/or to products from their working environment. 40% were allergic to nickel. The prevalence of personal atopy was higher in the nickel-negative than in the nickel-positive. Immunoglobulin E determination was not of assistance in attempts to differentiate between nickel-positive and nickel-negative hairdressers. In 72% the eczema had started before the age of 25 and in 23% after less than 1 year in the profession. The desire is expressed that all hairdressing products shall be labelled in respect of allergen contents, since 46% of the hairdressers reacted to one or more such agents.
Contact Dermatitis, 1975, Vol.1, p.161-165. 14 ref.

CIS 76-150 Nickel - metal and soluble compounds.
The dimethylglyoxime and atomic absorption methods of analysis are described. Included are: methods of sample collection, principle, interferences, sensitivity, special reagents and equipment, and comments on other methods. The recommended threshold limit value (1973) is 1mg/m³.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Analytical guide. American Industrial Hygiene Association, Akron. Akron, USA, Sep. 1975, Vol.36, No.9, p.700. 8 ref.

CIS 75-1346 Sunderman F.W., Coulston F., Eichhorn G.L., Fellows J.A., Mastromatteo E., Reno H.T., Samitz M.H., Curtis B.A., Vallee B.L., West P.W., McEwan J.C., Shibko S.I., Boaz T.D.
Nickel
This volume in the "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants" series deals comprehensively with: sources and prevalence of nickel in the environment, its physical and chemical nature, its measurement, toxicity and biologic effects (especially dermatitis), margins of safety, dose-response relations, carcinogenesis, Ni in the reproductive system, etc. Recommendations include: standardisation of airborne nickel monitoring methods, keeping comprehensive health records on workers in processes involving Ni, epidemiologic investigations, reassessment of toxicology of Ni compounds, further research in Ni metabolism and need for dermatologic investigations. Subject index.
National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418, USA, 1975. 277p. 727 ref. Price: US-$10.75

1973

CIS 74-1971 Some inorganic and organometallic compounds.
A series of 7 monographs consisting of data reviewed and evaluated by an international group of experts (Lyon, 29 Nov.-4 Dec. 1972). Individual monographs are devoted to: asbestos, arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, cadmium and inorganic cadmium compounds, chromium and inorganic chromium compounds, nickel and inorganic nickel compounds, tetraethyl- and tetramethyllead and iron-carbohydrate complexes.
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man, Vol.2. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France, 1973. 181p. Illus. 432 ref. Price: SF.12.00.

CIS 74-1444 Saknyn' A.V., Šabynina N.K.
Epidemiology of malignant neoplasia in nickel smelting
Ėpidemiologija zlokačestvennyh novoobrazovanij na nikelevyh predprijatijah [in Russian]
Statistics on the mortality of nickel smelting workers due to lung cancer, stomach cancer and sarcomas. The comparison of these data (which cover the whole of the industry in the USSR during the period 1955-1967) with general population mortality figures shows that the mortality due to lung cancer is up to 6 times greater among workers exposed to dust rich in sulfides, nickel oxide and metallic nickel. The statistics are broken down by type of exposure, dust composition, sex and age of the exposed workers.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1973, No.9, p.25-29.

CIS 74-762 Kaplan P.D., Blackstone M., Richdale N.
Direct determination of cadmium, nickel and zinc in rat lungs by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
An atomic absorption method for the direct determination of metals in mammalian tissues has been developed. By use of the technique, which involves dissolution of the tissue with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, low concentrations of cadmium and nickel can be measured with a great degree of sensitivity and a minimal amount of sample handling.
Archives of Environmental Health, Dec. 1973, Vol.27, No.6, p.387-389. 13 ref.

CIS 73-1876 Horstman S.
Aerosols of lead, nickel and cadmium - A method of generating soluble and insoluble compounds
Description of a generator developed for the production of aerosols of soluble nickel and lead compounds (PbCl₂ and NiCl₂) as well as aerosols of insoluble nickel oxide (NiO) and cadmium oxide (CdO). The mass median diameters obtained were within the range 0.15-0.30µm. The generator consists essentially of a nebuliser; its use provides a simple, easily controllable and flexible system for the generation of metal oxide aerosols.
Archives of Environmental Health, Feb. 1973, Vol.26, No.2, p.75-77. Illus. 8 ref.

1972

CIS 73-1341 Bingham E.
Responses of alveolar macrophages - I. Inhalation of lead and nickel
Rats were subjected for one or several weeks to the inhalation of soluble and insoluble aerosols of lead and nickel (PbCl₂, Pb₂O₃, NiCl₂, NiO) at concentrations near or below the occupational TLVs. The number of alveolar macrophages was significantly increased after exposure to NiO, significantly decreased with Pb₂O₃ and not significantly altered with PbCl₂ and NiCl₂. The histopathological examination (light microscopy) of the lungs revealed changes after the inhalation of both nickel compounds. The experimental results suggest that the level of the current TLV for nickel (1000µg/m³) should be re-evaluated, as it may be too high.
Archives of Environmental Health, Dec. 1972, Vol.25, No.6, p.406-414. Illus. 13 ref.

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