Mercury and compounds - 299 entries found

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1978

CIS 79-144 Borisenko N.F., Čerpak V.V.
Efficacy of measures for mercury decontamination in research laboratories
Gigieničeskaja ocenka ėffektivnosti demerkurizacionnyh meroprijatij v uslovijah naučno-issledovatel'skih laboratorij [in Russian]
The mercury concentration in air in several laboratories was monitored for 4 years in an attempt to evaluate the various decontamination methods employed. Mercury vapours can result from secondary sources such as contaminated construction materials, furniture and laboratory equipment. Mechanical, thermal and chemical procedures reduced the initial concentrations by 60-90%. The methods used and measures taken to seal residual contamination (plastic floor covering, butyl paint for walls, etc.) are described briefly.
Gigiena i sanitarija, June 1978, No.6, p.85-87. 4 ref.

CIS 79-123 Barber T.E.
Inorganic mercury intoxication reminiscent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Case histories are given of 2 workers at a mercuric oxide manufacturing plant who developed neurological changes not previously reported from exposure to inorganic mercury or elemental mercury vapour. The symptoms and physical and laboratory findings resembled those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and organic mercury poisoning. 19 workers suddenly developed early signs of mercury poisoning that would probably have progressed to the ALS-like syndrome if mercury exposure had continued. All symptoms, signs and laboratory findings returned to normal after some 3 months when there was no mercury exposure.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, 1978, Vol.20, No.10, p.667-669. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1948 Cherian M.G., Hursh J.B., Clarkson T.W., Allen J.
Radioactive mercury distribution in biological fluids and excretion in human subjects after inhalation of mercury vapor.
The distribution of mercury (Hg) in red blood cells (RBCs) and its excretion in urine and faeces are described in 5 subjects during the first 7 days following inhalation of radioactive Hg vapour. 98% of the Hg in whole blood is initially accumulated in the RBCs and is transferred partly to the plasma compartment until the ratio of Hg in RBCs to plasma is about 2 within 20h. The cumulative urinary and faecal excretion for 7d is about 11.6% of the retained dose, and is closely related to the % decline in the body burden. A mechanism other than a direct glomerular filtration is involved in the urinary excretion of recently abosrbed Hg. Blood Hg levels can be used as an index of recent exposure, while urinary levels may be an index of renal concentration of Hg. There is no reliable index for Hg concentration in the brain.
Archives of Environmental Health, May/June 1978, Vol.33, No.3, p.109-114. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 78-1992 McFarland R.B., Reigel H.
Chronic mercury poisoning from a single brief exposure.
Case reports are given for 6 patients whose illness began after inhaling high concentrations of mercury vapour in a single exposure. They all had symptoms of acute Hg poisoning with fever, chills, chest pain and weakness. The X-ray suggested chemical pneumonitis in 3 of them. The evidence strongly suggests a relation between the single exposure and the chronic condition.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1978, Vol.20, No.8, p.532-534. 11 ref.

CIS 78-1936 Nakayama E., Momotani H., Sato M., Ishizu S.
Urinary mercury excretion in workers exposed to mercury vapour.
The daily amount of mercury excreted in the urine of mercury-exposed workers at a tungsten filament plant was measured. Urinary mercury excretion decreased in summer and increased in autumn. The correlation between average urinary excretion and urinary volume was significant. The absolute mercury level in the urine is recommended as a reliable indicator of mercury exposure.
Journal of Tokyo Women's Medical College, Feb. 1978, p.162-168. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 78-1922 Lauwerys R., Buchet J.P., Roels H., Bernard A., Hubermont G.
Study of population groups and workers exposed to heavy metals
Etude de groupes de la population générale et des travailleurs exposés aux métaux lourds. [in French]
4 studies undertaken at the industrial and medical toxicology unit at Louvain Catholic University (Belgium) are reported. Exposure was not occupational in 2 of these: children living near a lead foundry; levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in 500 pregnant women and their infants. In the 2 studies dealing with exposed workers, renal function was determined in workers exposed to lead, mercury or cadmium, and plasma α₁-antitrypsin activity in cadmium-exposed workers. Results are briefly reported. The hypothesis of Chowdhury and Louria regarding an inhibitory action of cadmium on plasma α₁-antitrypsin was not confirmed in vivo.
Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, June 1978, Vol.15, No.2, p.113-118. 11 ref.

CIS 78-1919 Stopford W., Bundy S.D., Goldwater L.J., Bittikofer J.A.
Microenvironmental exposure to mercury vapor.
Work area and breathing zone samples were collected in a plant manufacturing mercury-containing heat sensors. Mercury concentrations in breathing zone samples were several times higher than concurrent area samples, presumably because of contaminated clothing and hands. Blood and corrected total urine Hg values correlated well with microenvironmental sampling results. Conclusions: breathing zone samples should be used when there is potential contact with elemental Hg; environmental Hg levels are a poor indicator of exposure; corrected total urinary Hg and blood Hg levels give a good estimate of exposure; a single weekly urine collection is as useful as taking the mean of samples over a week; measurement of unbound Hg in the urine is a sensitive indicator of minimal exposure; the body appears to adapt to chronic exposure to Hg vapour.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1978, Vol.39, No.5, p.378-384. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 78-1692 Roels H., Bernard A., Buchet J.P., Lauwerys R., Masson P., Seminck T.
Response of β₂-microglobulin and other proteins in workers exposed to cadmium, lead or mercury.
Workers exposed to these metals or combinations of them were compared with a control group. There was a significant increase in urinary excretion of low and/or high molecular weight proteins only in those exposed to cadmium or to lead + cadmium. On account of its high specificity, increased β₂-microglobulin excretion is a valid indicator of cadmium-induced tubular proteinuria. Discussion centres on elucidating this latter condition.
Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor bedrijfsgeneeskunde, Mar. 1978, Vol.14, No.1, p.78-92. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1629 Peltier A., Demange M.
Storage of mercury under water or paraffin oil
Conservation du mercure sous eau ou sous huile de paraffine. [in French]
This study complements an investigation into the hazard of mercury poisoning in thermometer manufacture (CIS 78-161), performed at the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), to determine the solubility of mercury and the efficacy of measures to control mercury vapour. General introduction on the physical properties of Hg, and detailed description of storing of metallic Hg in a closed vessel under a water or oil layer: equipment, results, conclusions (liquid barriers are rapidly overcome by mercury vapour; viscous liquids offer better protection than water).
Travail et sécurité, Mar. 1978, No.3, p.176; 201-203. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 78-1377 Peltier A.
Decontamination of spilled mercury
Décontamination du mercure répandu. [in French]
After a brief review of the physical and chemical properties of mercury, methods of decontamination are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages: chemical processes (calcium polysulfide, flowers of sulfur, amalgamation, etc.); use of commercial kits. A chapter covers equipment for personnel and housekeeping techniques. Appendix: instruction for use of a cleaning kit for spilled mercury imported from the USA.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd quarter 1978, No.91, Note No.1116-91-78, p.273-279. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 78-1387 Newton D., Fry F.A.
The retention and distribution of radioactive mercuric oxide following accidental inhalation.
Techniques of body radioactivity measurement were used to study the behaviour of ²⁰³Hg in 2 men who had accidentally inhaled aerosols or irradiated mercuric oxide. In one subject, 2 phases involving biological half-lives of ca. 2 and 24 days were found in the lung clearance pattern from 3 days after the accident. In the other subject lung clearance was more rapid. The major site of systemic deposition was the kidney (biological half-lives ca. 60 and 37 days). There was evidence of uptake in the brain and of distribution in soft tissues. Excretion was mainly urinary after 40 days, when lung clearance was substantially complete.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 1978, Vol.21, No.1, p.21-32. 19 ref.

CIS 78-1329 Mercury - Medical surveillance.
This guidance note contains sections devoted to: properties of inorganic mercury; United Kingdom TLV (0.05mg/m³ for all forms of mercury other than alkyl compounds); sources of exposure; clinical and biological effects (acute and chronic poisoning; erethism, tremor, nephrosis, mercurialentis, etc.); diagnosis; occupational hygiene; fully enclosed processes or local exhaust ventilation; mandatory notification of poisoning; screening of new employees, etc.; properties of organic mercury; U.K. TLV (0.01mg Hg/m³ for alkyl mercuric compounds; 0.05mg Hg/m³ for all other forms of organic mercury compounds); metabolism; clinical effects; diagnosis; notification, screening and surveillance.
Guidance Note MS 12, Health and Safety Executive, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, Mar. 1978. 14p. 15 ref. Price: £0.30.

CIS 78-736 Wilson J.
Reduction of mercury vapour in a dental surgery.
Results of mercury vapour measurements during a working day, before and after modifications were made to the surgery (replacement of carpet by smooth surfaces, installation of a fume cupboard). Levels were reduced by an average of 79%.
Lancet, 28 Jan. 1978, Vol.1, No.8057, p.200-201. 7 ref.

1977

CIS 78-1610 Wolf D.
Experience with detector tubes for mercury
Erfahrungen mit Prüfröhrchen zum Nachweis von Quecksilber [in German]
Comparison of results obtained with 2 German detector tube models and physical methods (Beckman mercury vapour meter) and chemical spectroscopic methods: interference by other substances in the aspirated air, role of operator experience on tube colour evaluation. Description of tests with detector tubes using standard gas samples. Concentrations of more than 0.1mg/m³ Hg can be measured with sufficient accuracy; lower levels, which are of interest to occupational hygiene, are significantly underestimated, influenced in addition by the experience of the operator. Evaluation of hygiene conditions of workplaces where fluorescent tubes are produced should not be based solely on the results of detector tube measurements.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Prophylaxe, Nov. 1977, Vol.27, No.11, p.267-271. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1034 Ishihara N., Urushiyama K., Suzuki T.
Inorganic and organic mercury in blood, urine and hair in low level mercury vapour exposure.
These measurements were made before and after 4 and 8 months of exposure to 0.001-0.019mg elemental mercury vapour in 14 women at a mercury battery factory. Urine showed no significant changes and this is discussed. Inorganic and organic Hg in the plasma, and organic Hg in red blood cells showed a significant increase over pre-employment levels. Organic Hg levels in the air remained constant, while inorganic levels increased significantly after 8 months. This suggested a constant intake of organic Hg, so that the plasma and erythrocyte Hg level changes are taken as indicative of exposure to elemental Hg. Hg intake other than occupational was however not studied.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 22 Dec. 1977, Vol.40, No.4, p.249-253. 11 ref.

CIS 78-484 Gončaruk G.A.
Occupational health problems of women working in the mercury production industry.
Voprosy gigieny truda ženščin pri proizvodstve rtuti [in Russian]
Results of evaluations of mercury exposure in summer and winter in several workplaces in a cinnabar roasting plant and data concerning morbidity in women employed in the various workplaces. Mercury concentrations varied between traces and 0.08mg/m³. The most common ailments were toxicoses, miscarriages and gynaecological disorders. The author recommends early (pre-employment) screening for history of gynaecological disorders, strict medical supervision of women exposed to mercury, and transfer of all pregnant women to non-exposed work.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, May 1977, No.5, p.17-20. 4 ref.

CIS 78-445 Peltier A., Demange M.
Method of sampling and determination of mercury vapours and mercury in urine
Méthode de prélèvement et de dosage de vapeurs de mercure et de mercure urinaire. [in French]
Measurements made in a variety of French plants and in laboratories using mercury revealed atmospheric mercury concentrations up to 50 or 100 times the TLV. After a brief summary of the toxicology of mercury this data sheet reviews the various sampling and determination methods which can be used (advantages, limitations) and gives a detailed description of a method (activated charcoal sampling and determination by flameless atomic absorption) easily adaptable to conditions in any laboratory. A comparison between the results obtained with this method and those obtained with a direct reading apparatus or with detector tubes shows the superiority of the new method (greater precision for concentrations below the TLV; possibility of determining concentrations >1mg/m³). Description of how the method can be used for determination of mercury in urine.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1977, No.89, Note No.1077-89-77, p.419-426. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 78-440 Mercury - Health and safety precautions.
Sections of this guidance note are devoted to: properties of mercury; industrial uses of metallic mercury and organic and inorganic mercury compounds; TLVs; acute and chronic toxic effects of mercury, its oxides and inorganic salts, and organic mercury compounds; preventive measures (substitution, control, personal protection, medical supervision; first aid); statutory requirements (Factories Act 1961, etc.); methods for detecting mercury in air.
Guidance Note EH 17, Health and Safety Executive, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, Sep. 1977. 4p. Price: £0.30.

CIS 78-161 Mercury poisoning hazard in thermometer manufacture
Risque d'hydrargyrisme dans les thermométries - Résultats d'une enquête dans six entreprises de la région Est. [in French]
An occupational hygiene study employing a sampling and analysis method developed by the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), showed levels well above the U.S. ceiling value (0.1mg/m³) in 5 of 6 thermometer manufacturing plants (5 working on a craftsmanship, 1 on an industrial basis, the last with considerable automation). Some of the measurements were made after shutdown of certain operations. Recommended preventive measures: smooth, waterproof walls and floors facilitating drainage of waste water and cleaning; segregation of workplaces where mercury is handled; ventilation of workships with ventilation openings at floor level; storage of mercury in closed vessels; feeding of the mercury tank in a closed system; removal of spills by freezing or amalgamation; information of personnel. Outline of relevant French legislation.
Travail et sécurité, July-Aug. 1977, No.7-8, p.348-355. Illus.

CIS 78-139 Kusters E.M.V.
Periodic medical examinations of mercury-exposed workers in an electrolysis plant producing chlorine
Periodiek onderzoek bij kwik-expositie in een chloor-electrolysebedrijf [in Dutch]
A brief description of the electrolytic process is followed by a commentary on the exposure limits for mercury adopted in the Fed. Rep. of Germany, United Kingdom and USA. Results of periodic examinations of a group of workers with 5 years' service in an electrolysis unit (urinary mercury, haemoglobin and urinary protein) and description of 3 cases of mercury poisoning requiring a change of occupation. Brief literature survey of mercury-induced anaemia.
Tijdschrift voor sociale geneeskunde, 9 Feb. 1977, Vol.55, No.3, p.95-98 and 112. 15 ref.

CIS 78-120 McCammon C.S., Woodfin J.W.
An evaluation of a passive monitor for mercury vapor.
Report on NIOSH studies of this small, light-weight monitor, manufactured by 3M Company. The mercury generation system, exposure chamber and procedure, and testing procedure are described. Accuracy and precision were excellent. Face velocity did not affect monitoring. High concentrations of chlorine, and combined high levels of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide altered the results slightly. Changes due to temperature can be corrected.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1977, Vol.38, No.8, p.378-386. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 77-1026 Stewart W.K., Guirgis H.A., Sanderson J., Taylor W.
Urinary mercury excretion and proteinuria in pathology laboratory staff.
Studies in the laboratory staff of 3 hospitals using formol-corrosive solution (a mixture of formaldehyde and mercuric chloride) as fixative. Atmospheric concentrations of mercury vapour were up to 0.5nmol/l, and of total Hg up to 1.0nmol/l. Exposed workers had high urinary Hg levels (median 265nmol/24h) and protein outputs (median 117mg/24h). Control measures, ventilation and careful handling of solutions reduced atmospheric mercury to acceptable limits, with corresponding clinical effects.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1977, Vol.34, No.1, p.26-31. Illus. 26 ref.

1976

CIS 78-754 Mercury.
Mercure [in French]
After a summary highlighting the major issues and making recommendations for further research, chapters contain the results on which the evaluation of health risks is based: chemical and physical properties; analytical procedures; sources of environmental pollution; environmental transport, distribution and transformation; environmental levels and exposure; metabolism; experimental studies of effects on animals; epidemiological and clinical studies in man; evaluation of health risks to man of exposure to mercury and compounds. Where applicable, chapters contain sections on occupational exposure.
World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1976. 131p. 352 ref.

CIS 78-129 Verschaeve L., Kirsch-Volders M., Susanne C., Groetenbriel C., Haustermans R., Lecomte A., Roossels D.
Genetic damage induced by occupationally low mercury exposure.
Lymphocytes from whole blood cultures from 28 workers exposed to mercury, its amalgams or organic mercury derivatives and 7 controls were studied cytogenetically. Differences between aneuploidy of exposed and unexposed subjects were significant for all substances. No statistically significant difference (except for ethylmercury exposure) was observed for the frequency of cells with structural chromosome aberrations although all of the observed frequencies in exposed subjects were higher than those of the controls. There was a significant correlation between the blood and urine mercury levels and the total amount of cells with chromosomal aberrations and frequencies of cells with other than chromatid type aberrations.
Environmental Research, Dec. 1976, Vol.12, No.3, p.306-316. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 77-2067 Merfield D.P., Taylor A., Gemmell D.M., Parrish J.A.
Mercury intoxication in a dental surgery following unreported spillage.
The background and case histories are described of 4 cases of mercury poisoning in dental surgeons and assistants following spillage of some 250g Hg. Clinical symptoms are reported in relation to urinary Hg levels. The method of detection and decontamination of the Hg vapour source is reported, and recommendations for design of surgery floors and working surfaces, to reduce the hazard of Hg spillage, are made.
British Dental Journal, Sep. 1976, Vol.141, No.6, p.179-186. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 77-1024 Tartakovskaja L.Ja., Rozenberg E.E.
Influence of vibration on mercury metabolism
Vlijanie vibracii na obmen rtuti v organizme [in Russian]
Study in white rats to investigate the finding that mercury miners with vibration disease have a higher incidence of mercury poisoning than workers not exposed to vibration. The rats were given mercury in the form of labelled ethylmercury chloride and exposed to vibration for 3h/day for 6 weeks. Results: initial inhibition of Hg elimination; greater deposition in the cerebrum, cerebellum, liver, adrenals, lungs and bone marrow, but less in the kidneys, than controls. Increased elimination and reduced body retention at the 12th week. Vibration slows Hg excretion also after cessation of long-term administration or a single dose of Hg.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1976, No.4, p.32-36. 9 ref.

CIS 77-757 Hursh J.B., Clarkson T.W., Cherian G.M., Vostal J.J., Mallie R.V.
Clearance of mercury (Hg-197, Hg-203) vapor inhaled by human subjects.
5 subjects inhaled a mixture of stable and radioactive mercury vapour for 14-24min. An average of 74% was retained, according to the evidence, almost entirely in the alveoli. 7% of the retained mercury was lost in the expired air (half-life 18h). Whole body counting yielded half-lives (in days) as follows: lung, 1.7; head, 21; kidney region, 64; chest, 43; whole body, 58.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov.-Dec. 1976, Vol.31, No.6, p.302-309. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 77-478 Wada O., Yamaguchi N., Ono T., Nagahashi M., Morimura T.
Inhibitory effect of mercury on kidney glutathione peroxidase and its prevention by selenium.
Administration of 10µmol/kg/day sodium selenite provided complete protection against inhibition of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase by 10µmol/kg/day mercuric chloride in mice, although the level of mercury in the kidneys reached almost double that in mice receiving Hg alone. The Hg/Se atomic ratio was 10.9 after Hg alone, and 1.0-2.2 after Hg and Se administration. The highest concentration of Hg ion that did not inhibit purified GSH peroxidase of rabbit erythrocytes was 10^-5M. Reduction in GSH peroxidase activity is probably due to increased binding of Se to Hg.
Environmental Research, Aug. 1976, Vol.12, No.1, p.75-80. 12 ref.

CIS 77-460 Foà V., Caimi L., Amante L., Antonini C., Gattinoni A., Tettamanti G., Lombardo A., Giuliani A.
Patterns of some lysosomal enzymes in the plasma and of proteins in urine of workers exposed to inorganic mercury.
Plasma β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-glucosidase were measured in all 81 workers of a chlorine production plant (mercury cell electrolysis) exposed to inorganic mercury vapours between 0.06 and 0.3mg/m³ and 104 controls. Levels were significantly higher in the exposed worker group, significantly correlated with degree of exposure. No significant difference was observed in the cholinesterase activities, contrary to the results of previous and present studies. Increases in lysosomal enzyme activities have been observed in persons without any complaints or symptoms of mercury poisoning. These biological values might therefore be useful for the detection of excessive mercury absorption in exposed workers before the appearance of clinical signs.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 3 June 1976, Vol.37, No.2, p.115-124. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 77-451 Yoshida M., Yamauchi H., Hirayama F., Yamamura S., Yamamura Y.
Mercury content of hair, blood cells and plasma of workers exposed to metallic or inorganic mercury or ethylmercury.
Male and female workers exposed to various mercury compounds were studied. Some showed a high mercury concentration in the hair, despite normal blood levels. It appeared that contamination of the hair by mercury could not always be removed by washing. Accordingly, the mercury concentration in the hair should not be used as an indicator of mercury absorption. An increase in plasma inorganic mercury may be used as an indication of metallic mercury exposure, while an increase in organic mercury in the blood cells may be used as an indication of ethylmercury exposure. Captions and abstract in English.
St. Marianna Medical Journal, Mar. 1976, Vol.4, No.1, p.41-54. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 76-1640 Rathje A.O., Marcero D.H.
Improved hopcalite procedure for the determination of mercury vapor in air by flameless atomic absorption.
A technique for the determination of mercury vapour in air is described. The vapour is trapped from air by passage through a small glass tube filled with hopcalite. The hopcalite and adsorbed mercury are dissolved in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. Solution is rapid and complete, with no loss of mercury. Analysis is completed by flameless atomic absorption. Equipment and reagents, sampling and analysis procedures and results are described. Discussion.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1976, Vol.37, No.5, p.311-314. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 76-756 Mercury.
This data sheet covers briefly: properties and uses of mercury and mercury compounds (mainly inorganic); hazards; packing, transportation, storage and handling; waste disposal; symptoms of poisoning; threshold limit values; air sampling; ventilation; personal protection; and medical examinations.
National Safety News, Data Sheet 203, Revision A (extensive), National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1976. 3p. Reprinted in Chicago, USA, Jan. 1976, Vol.113, No.1, p.69-71. 10 ref.

1975

CIS 76-1904 Nakaaki K., Fukabori S., Tada O.
An experimental study on inorganic mercury vapour exposure.
Experimental studies on the value of the urinary mercury level as an indicator of mercury exposure. 4 groups of men were exposed for 4-5h daily to different Hg concentrations different numbers of times as follows: (1) 0.022mg/m³, 3 exposures; (2) 0.111mg/m³, 8 exposures; (3) 0.088mg/m³, 8 exposures; (4) 0.048mg/m³, 14 exposures. Findings: the biological half-life of Hg appears to be about 40 days; exposure to low concentrations of Hg raises Hg excretion ony slightly, within the normal range; urinary levels respond slowly to slight variations in air Hg concentrations, showing a rise after some 10 days of exposure in group (4). A distinct increase in urinary Hg occurred in group (2), receiving the highest dose. (Summary in English).
Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Dec. 1975, Vol.51, No.12 (Part I), p.705-716. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 76-1700 Kobal A.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment at workplaces having a high concentration of mercury vapour
Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von persönlichen Schutzausrüstungen an Arbeitsplätzen mit hohen Konzentrationen von Quecksilberdämpfen [in German]
Description of working conditions in the mercury mines of Idrija, Yugoslavia (0.8-1.6mg/m³ mercury vapour) and the safety measures (reduced working hours, filter half-mask, permanent medical supervision, data sheets, personal hygiene instructions). The author determined the effectiveness of wearing the masks based on the amount of urinary mercury found in 3 groups of workers illustrating different methods of using the masks. The masks are very effective against inhalation of mercury vapour and regular wearing avoids all risk of absorbing large quantities of mercury.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, Dec. 1975, Vol.25, No.12, p.366-371. 11 ref.

CIS 76-1315 Suzuki T., Honda K.
Urinary mercury excretion and body weight on workers exposed to mercury vapour.
The health records of 33 workers exposed to mercury vapour were studied to establish the usefulness or limitations of urinary mercury levels as an indicator of exposure or risk of poisoning in relation to weight loss. Atmospheric mercury concentrations were generally below 0.2mg/m³. Correlations between (a) changes in urinary mercury levels and in body weight, and (b) the urinary mercury levels and body weight themselves, are calculated and discussed in the light of other literature.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 14 Aug. 1975, Vol.35, No.2, p.145-154. 7 ref.

CIS 76-1048 Singh H., Gupta V.P.
Effects of exposure to mercury in caustic soda plants in Maharashtra.
About two dozen plants are engaged in manufacturing caustic soda in India. This article reports on studies in 81 workers exposed to mercury vapours, with 36 controls, at 3 plants. Urinary, blood and atmospheric Hg levels are detailed according to job category. 16 cases of mercury poisoning were detected, and these are listed with details of occupations, signs and symptoms, and relevant Hg levels. Correlations between symptoms and urinary Hg levels are examined; an increase in the incidence of symptoms was found at levels aove 150-200µg/l. This urinary level coincided with environmental concentrations of 0.06-0.08mg/m³. Recommendations for manufacture and medical examinations conclude the article.
Indian Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1975, Vol.21, No.2, p.49-64. 10 ref.

CIS 76-796 Miller J.M., Chaffin D.B., Smith R.G.
Subclinical psychomotor and neuromuscular changes in workers exposed to inorganic mercury.
A study involving 77 workers exposed daily to inorganic mercury vapour and 65 controls was carried out to determine how specific neurological and psychomotor functions correlate with blood and urine mercury levels. The various tests and the experimental apparatus are described, and the results discussed. Psychomotor control was greatly affected and a significant proportion of subjects had changes in their neuromuscular indices of tremor and EMG when their mercury blood concentrations exceeded 100µg/l. Decrements in functional capabilities were found to be reversible below 600µg/l.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1975, Vol.36, No.10, p.725-733. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 76-793 Teisinger J.
Applicability of some biological exposure tests to determine workers' health status
Možnosti použití některých biologických expozičních testů pro hodnocení zdravotního stavu pracujícíh [in Czech]
To evaluate the health hazard in work involving exposure to lead, mercury, benzene or xylene, the blood or urine levels of these substances or their metabolites are determined and compared with biological limit values. In the case of lead, there are different interpretations of urinary coproporphyrin and delta-aminolaevulinic acid. In the light of his own experience and published work in this field, the author proposes a number of limit values indicative of hazardous occupational exposure or limits at which poisoning can be presumed. The practice in Czechoslovakia corresponds roughly to categories of exposure hazard drawn up by the 6th Session of the Joint ILO-WHO Committee on Occupational Safety and Health.
Pracovní lékařství, Apr. 1975, Vol.27, No.4, p.109-112. 13 ref.

CIS 76-434 Scheide E.P., Taylor J.K.
A piezoelectric crystal dosimeter for monitoring mercury vapor in industrial atmospheres.
A personal gravimetric device combining the selective adsorption for mercury of a thin film of gold evaporated onto a piezoelectric crystal electrode and the sensitivity of the piezoelectric detector has been developed for determining integrated concentrations of mercury vapour in air. The device, which is described, is small enough to be worn on clothing and is compatible with existing miniature air pumps. It is highly sensitive (10^-12g). Results are given of the tests carried out to determine collection efficiency, sensor response, the effects of temperature and storage, reversibility (removal of adsorbed mercury) and interferences. The major drawback is the need for individual calibration.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1975, Vol.36, No.12, p.897-901. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 76-424 Bardoděj Z., Bardodějová E., Urban J., Václavík M.
Value and use of exposure tests - XV. Urinary excretion of mercury and reduction of the influence of diuresis on the results of exposure tests
Hodnota a použití expozičních testů - XV. Vylučování rtuti močí a snížení vlivu diurézy na výsledky expozičních testů [in Czech]
Results of research carried out to discover to what extent determination of urinary mercury can be used as an exposure test. The exponential character of excretion curves and the variance of the values determined in repeated laboratory tests for urinary mercury in 2 groups of subjects showed that excretion is not a random process, and if corrected to standard density - principally to endogenous creatinine - it constitutes a valuable exposure test. On account of fluctuations in diuresis and exposure it is advisable to repeat the laboratory tests. The technique of cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry is considered particularly suitable for the determination of mercury levels in urine. There is no reason to change the biological limit of 0.125mg Hg/l urine. The excretion half-life after massive exposure to mercury vapour was about 30 days.
Československá hygiena, Apr. 1975, Vol.20, No.3, p.146-150. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 76-188 Domey R.G.
Metallic mercury contamination of the dental operatory.
A summary review of the properties of metallic mercury, its use and potential sources of contamination in dentistry, as well as literature data on patient and worker exposure, are followed by the description and results of a detailed survey conducted by dental students in 60 dental practices managed by 30 dentists. The current TLV (0.05mg Hg/m³ of air) was frequently exceeded. Significant differences in atmospheric contamination were found between laboratories, sites of measurements and times of day, correlated with mercury consumption, number of amalgams per day, age of laboratories, thickness of carpeting and frequency of cleaning.
Human Factors, Aug. 1975, Vol.17, No.4, p.346-355. 21 ref.

CIS 76-176 Piotrowski J.K., Trojanowska B., Mogilnicka E.M.
Excretion kinetics and variability of urinary mercury in workers exposed to mercury vapour.
Urinary mercury was determined in 3 groups of workers with different exposure patterns. Samples were taken (a) during a 3-week post-exposure period, (b) on consecutive days of a week involving exposure, (c) over 24 hours with morning or afternoon shift and off work. Regardless of the exposure time pattern a diurnal variation of the urinary mercury concentration was observed with a maximum in the night and morning hours. Variability in urinary mercury was only moderate when sampling was carried out at a constant time of day, and when the results were standardised for specific gravity of urine. Conclusions are drawn for the modalities of urine sampling.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 19 Sep. 1975, Vol.35, No.3-4, p.245-256. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 75-1959 Magnaval J.P., Magnaval R.F., Karhausen L.R.
Mercury in dental surgeries: An occupational hazard
Le mercure dans les cabinets dentaires: un risque professionnel. [in French]
Literature review of the mercury hazard for dentists and their assistants, giving the results of measurements of mercury vapour or mercury particle concentrations carried out in various dental surgeries, compared with the U.S. (50µg/m³) and USSR (10µg/m³) TLVs. The mercury levels in the hair and nails, urine and blood very often exceed the mean value. Attention is drawn to the possible hazard of mercury methylation in man. Preventive measures: local exhaust ventilaton in the surgery; wearing of gloves; use of drills incorporating a water-cooling system for exploring cavities.
Revue d'épidémiologie, médecine sociale et santé publique, Jan.-Feb. 1975, Vol.23, No.1, p.53-62. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 75-1905 Brown K.W., McFarlane J.C., Bernhardt D.E.
Accidental inhalation of mercury-203.
Report on investigations in 2 workers who were inadvertently exposed to radioactive Hg-203 by inhalation for about 5 and 1.5h respectively. An effective half-life of 16.6 and 17.5 days was measured, giving a calculated biological half-life of 25.8 and 27.9 days. About 29% of the mercury was excreted via the urine. Calculated kidney doses were 110-170 and 13-21rem respectively. The question of the half-life is discussed, the values found being twice those reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
Health Physics, Jan. 1975, Vol.28, No.1, p.1-4. 14 ref.

CIS 75-1668 Kushlan M.C., Haddow J.E., Lester R.
In vitro enhancement of erythrocyte mercury uptake by spironolactone.
Spironolactone pretreatment enhances rat and human red blood cell mercury uptake. The stoichiometry of red blood cell mercury-spironolactone uptake established that 1 mole of mercury was retained in red blood cells per mole of retained spironolactone. Canrenone, another aldosterone antagonist, did not increase mercury uptake. Thus, complex formation between the 7-thioacetate group of spironolactone and mercury is very likely responsible for the increased mercury uptake, thus limiting nephrotoxicity.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Mar. 1975, Vol.31, No.3, p.527-533. 13 ref.

CIS 75-1660 Hirayama F., Yoshida M., Yamauchi H., Yamamura Y.
Erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity of persons occupationally exposed to lead and mercury.
A close negative correlation between blood lead and the logarithm of erythrocyte δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity was found in 125 persons. The effect of exposure to mercury vapour on erythrocyte ALA-D activity was also studied in 43 exposed workers and 11 controls. The correlation between erythrocyte ALA-D activity and the blood inorganic mercury level within the range 0.1 to 60.0µg% was not significant. Recovery of erythrocyte ALA-D was however observed to accompany the fall in blood inorganic mercury in 3 cases of mercury poisoning after exposure had ceased.
St. Marianna Medical Journal, 1 Dec. 1974, Vol.2, No.4, p.333-341. Illus. 20 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1680 Nakaaki K.
On the normal value of urinary excretion of lead, mercury, cadmium and fluoride in Japan.
The author presents his own and other Japanese studies to determine the urinary excretion of these substances in non-exposed persons, so as to establish a set of normal values against which those obtained in exposed workers can be assessed. Daily and hourly variations in excretion are considered, and factors influencing the results for each substance are discussed. A close correlation was found between the dithizone and atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods for lead determination. The values considered representive of the Japanese population are: lead, <20µg/l; mercury, <10µg/l; cadmium, <5µg/l; fluorides, 1mg/l. All the papers referred to in the bibliography are in Japanese, some with an English abstract.
Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Dec. 1974, Vol.50, No.12 (Part II), p.893-908. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 75-1407 Kośmider S., Węgiel A., Pigón-Węgiel A.
Morphological changes of the blood and bone marrow in chronic experimental poisoning with mercury vapours in rabbits
Zmiany morfologiczne krwi i szpiku w przewlekłym doświadczalnym zatruciu parami rtęci u królików [in Polish]
Results of experiments in rabbits exposed to concentrations of 2-2.5mg/m³ metal mercury for 3h per day over 12 weeks. The authors found no appreciable change in haemoglobin levels or red blood cell, granulocyte or lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood. There was however a larger proportion of erythroblasts in the bone marrow than in controls and an increase in the maturation index of the cells of the erythroblast line. Megakariocytes showed no pathological changes. The discrepancies in the results obtained can be explained by the relative lack of precision of morphological examinations and differences in individual susceptibility.
Medycyna pracy, Łódź, Poland, 1974, Vol.25, No.6, p.525-531. 22 ref.

CIS 75-1385 Wolf D., Adelmann M., Domes M.
Mercury determination at workplaces in the manufacture of fluorescent tubes - Results and analytical methods
Quecksilbermessung am Arbeitsplatz bei der Herstellung von Leuchtstoffröhren - Ergebnisse und Analysenmethoden [in German]
Description of the manufacture of fluorescent tubes and results of air analyses, followed by recommendations on appropriate preventive measures. Part 2 of the report is an account of sampling of mercury vapours at the workplace with the aid of scrubber flasks, chemical preparation of the samples and determination of mercury by photometry or spectroscopy, the results of which are compared by statistical methods. Part 3 takes stock of experience with detector tubes and compares this technique with other methods of mercury determination. The conclusion points to the inadvisability of being satisfied with results obtained by detector tubes alone in evaluating the hygiene conditions at the workplace.
STF-Report 1-74, Staubforschungsinstitut des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Langwartweg 103, 53 Bonn 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1974. 37p. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 75-1366 Henderson R.
Effects and control of exposure to mercury.
Paper limited essentially to elemental mercury. The studies serving as basis for the original U.S. TLV of 0.1mg/m³ did not appear to take continuing exposure beyond the working day into consideration. The author compares the concentrations in the microenvironment next to contaminated skin and clothes with those in the general work environment (cell room or a chlor-alkali plant). The latter figures may underestimate exposure at work by a factor of up to 5 or 6, while the underestimation of total exposure may be much greater. More mercury may reach the brain from 2 or 3 breaths from a contaminated hand than from a whole workshift under statutory conditions. Legal implications of this. Consideration of early quantifiable and reversible effects, e.g. high urinary mercury concentrations, loss of appetite and weight, tremor. Review of central nervous involvement, and relationship of exposure to brain, blood, urinary and faecal levels (appended in tables).
Transactions of the Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Boston, Massachusetts, 20-25 May 1973. p.99-110. Illus. 20 ref. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA.

CIS 75-769 Trujillo P., Stein P., Campbell E.
The preservation and storage of urine samples for the determination of mercury.
The use of various preservatives and storage containers for urine and water samples for mercury analysis was evaluated. Glass storage containers were found preferable to paper or plastic. Potassium persulfate (but not potassium permanganate) will preserve the sample for several days if added at the time of collection. Other useful hints conclude the article.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1974, Vol.35, No.5, p.257-261. 4 ref.

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