Safety culture and safety consciousness - 267 entries found

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• Safety culture and safety consciousness

1983

CIS 84-1123 Kjellén U.
The application of an accident process model to the development and testing of changes in the safety information systems of two construction firms
The model, which is described, generated 2 checklists and an accident reporting procedure, the practicality and utility of which were tested at 4 construction sites over 7 months. The changes included an analytical framework for accident and near-accident investigation, group problem-solving, and a structural decision-making process. The changes resulted in an improved basis of information for accident prevention, active efforts to reduce the accident risk, a widened scope for the measures taken, and an increased knowledge and awareness of accident risks and safety measures. A 50% reduction in accident frequency and severity rates is an attainable target over the long-term.
Journal of Occupational Accidents, June 1983, Vol.5, No.2, p.99-119. Illus. 32 ref.

1982

CIS 83-273 Safety - at what price?
Veiligheid, tot welke prijs? [in Dutch]
Study carried out by a trade union work group in a large chemical plant and focussing on 2 main questions: (1) How does the safety policy affect the workers' behaviour and mentality? (2) What are the safety and health aspects of the tasks carried out and how are they affected by the safety policy. Sections cover: history and study methods; economic, OSH, and organisational backgrounds of the plant safety rules; inspections and checks; corrective action and evaluation; safety programmes; committees and meetings; information of personnel; measures against absenteeism; safety and health aspects of the workers' tasks; conclusions (mechanisms of influence on the workers' behaviour; difficulties met with by workers in complying with the policy); discussion and recommendations.
Onderzoeksgroep "Veiligheid en DuPont", Psychologisch Instituut, Hooigracht 15, 2312 KM Leiden, Netherlands, Apr. 1982. 355p. Illus. 46 ref.

CIS 82-1161 Boyer J.P.
Occupational safety - Social aspects - Thoughts on the problem of the occupational accident
Sécurité au travail - Aspect social - Réflexions sur le problème de l'accident du travail [in French]
This 1st volume of a collection is intended for company directors, management, engineers, safety trainers, teachers and students. It analyses the occupational accident from the social point of view to stimulate the reader's thoughts on his own problem, so that he understands it better and makes safety an integral part of his behaviour. It aims, in this way, at simplifying the task of those faced with the in-plant training and safety of employees. Chapters cover: the occupational accident problem (statistical aspects); introduction to the social aspect; historical survey of occupational accidents; occupational accident compensation; worker safety; general review of the historical period; recent trends (1947-1977); current social aspects of safety activities; current trends in accidents and hazards; future trends in occupational accidents, and in industrial safety and health.
Collection formation sécurité dans l'entreprise, Saint Lambert éditeur, B.P. 72, 13673 Augabne Cedex, France, 1982. 127p.

1981

CIS 82-1426 Laitinen H.
Study of risk situations in the Imatra steelworks
Vahingonvalvonnan kokeilu Imatran terästehtaassa [in Finnish]
Report of a study in a major Finnish steelworks to determine how the establishment of a system for reporting accident hazards by production and maintenance workers can be used in the prevention of occupational accidents. The reporting system is described. Workers willingly reported situations they considered dangerous, and this often led to safety measures being taken. There was a statistically significant relation between the level of reporting activity and the accident trend in a given section of the plant; this was attributed to a change in safety attitude and behaviour in the workers in question. 14% of reported dangerous situations concerned the hazards of breakdowns or delayed repairs; intensified preventive maintenance might improve this situation. The system proved effective, that it should be adopted by other firms, and that the labour protection administration in Finland should provide guidance to firms setting up similar reporting systems.
Työsuojeluhallitus, Tampere, Finland, 1981. 80p. Illus. 11 ref.

1980

CIS 83-1484 A review of the literature on attitudes and roles and their effects on safety in the workplace
Theories on accident causation are first reviewed, and parallels drawn between some of the approaches and beliefs, and methods of intervention, in the field of safety. Major sections are then devoted to: shaping of attitudes in the workplace (their functioning, manifestations, formation, changes and factors leading to change); effects of attitude on safety (measurement of safety performance, measurement of attitude, attitude to risk, to the job, to safety and productivity, to legislation, effect of prevailing conditions); role problems in the workplace (conceptual framework, role problems, conflict, ambiguity, determinants, effects of role confusions).
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1980. 63p. 106 ref.

CIS 80-1120 Klen T., Verho E.
Distribution and utilisation of occupational safety information in agricultural undertakings
Työsuojelutiedon välitys ja käyttöönotto maataloudessa [in Finnish]
Questionnaire survey of 550 Finnish farms inspected in 1971, to determine what factors (initiative, cost aspects, improvements in farm machinery, awareness of occupational hazards) influence decisions to try to improve working conditions in agriculture; 77% of the sample returned the questionnaire. Improvements were more common among farmers with a high socio-economic status.
Tutkimuksia 163/1980, Työterveyslaitos, Laajaniityntie 1, 01620 Vantaa 62, Finland, 1980. 56p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: Fmk.15.00.

CIS 80-872 Kletz T.A.
The shaking of the foundations.
Literature review challenging some basic assumptions and ways of approaching the subject of occupational safety and health: getting correct priorities; changes in basic concepts over the last 15 years (should one aim to remove all potential hazards, or is it possible to do so; changing aspects of role of human failure in accidents; greater social awareness; increasing size of plants; less credit for the assumption that technicians know their jobs (serious fires, explosions and other incidents since the 1960s); increasing recognition of the importance of the safety officer's task.
Occupational Safety and Health, Jan. 1980, Vol.10, No.1, p.8-11. 30 ref.

1979

CIS 79-1193 Ezell C.W.
Safety's magnificent obsession - definition and direction
The safety profession is defined as the management of human resources involvement in loss control, accomplished chiefly through the techniques of motivation. To become better managers of total loss control, safety professionals should not rely entirely on the 3 areas of engineering, education and enforcement which are dealt with in the light of recent American experience. These 3 areas should be integrated with the total organisation, someone being responsible and given the authority to get these jobs done. Safety is not only management, but also human resources: accident causation begins with the basic organisational structure; safety is also loss control: the focus on economics should capture management's interest; and safety is motivation: this should not be confused with attitude. The success of safety depends on the management executive's awareness and on making safety a part of the total managerial strategy.
Professional Safety, Feb. 1979, Vol.24, No.2, p.22-26. 15 ref.

1978

CIS 79-1766 Too much ventured, nothing gained
Riskierer sind Verlierer [in German]
This film is addressed to young persons undergoing vocational training, with a view to fostering their awareness of the hazards they may encounter in the occupation of their choice. An important message of the film is that accident prevention is a matter of character and that safety-mindedness is necessary if the temptations of careless working methods are to be resisted.
Colour film, 16mm, magnetic sound track (German), 30min. On loan from Österreichisches Zentrum für Wirtschaftlichkeit und Produktivität, Hohenstaufengasse 3, 1010 Wien, and Österreichisches Filmservice, Schaumburgergasse 18, 1040 Wien, Austria, 1978.

1977

CIS 78-1786 Bursche K., Grzelak A.
Analysis of factors determining workers' attitude towards occupational safety and health
Analiza czynników kształtujących zachowania pracowników zgodnie z wymaganiami bezpieczeństwa pracy [in Polish]
Results of psychological research carried out to determine the influence on worker behaviour of certain in-plant work organisational factors and social factors. Analysis of the data obtained showed that there was a relationship between the workers' attitude towards safety questions, on the one hand, and their awareness of hazards and the means of preventing them, the observance of safety rules and the pressure exerted on the workers by supervisory staff, on the other. The hypothesis concerning the role of the piece-work system (payment by results) is not confirmed. The analysis revealed a positive attitude towards safety in older workers with many years of employment, in women and, contrary to expectations, in workers with low educational attainments or of rural origin.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1977, Vol.27, No.95, p.299-320. 13 ref.

1975

CIS 76-1167 Baneryd K., Kjellén U.
Safety in the Swedish explosives industry - Alternative approaches to safety at work and some results from an attitude study of explosives workers and supervisors.
This report contains a short description of the Swedish explosives industry and accident statistics (1962-1973). The present safety philosophy of the industry is described (safety work carried out by experts) and motives for an alternative safety approach (employees to be involved in control and planning of safety work) are discussed. A study of the attitudes of 600 workers and supervisors indicates problems of information and communication concerning safety. There is low morale and low job satisfaction among the workers. It appears there is a conflict between the organisation of production and safety systems and the workers' needs for independence and responsibility.
FOA Report A 20007-D1, Försvarets forskningsanstalt, Huvudenhet 2, 104 50 Stockholm 80, Sweden, Sep. 1975. 42p. Illus. 22 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1710 Steevens J.C.A.
Report on a survey made in 1974 on occupational safety in agricultural undertakings
Verslag van de landelijke veiligheidenquete gehouden onder agrarische loonbedrijven in 1974 [in Dutch]
Results of a questionnaire survey carried out among 253 farms and agricultural undertakings in the Netherlands. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the opinions and attitudes of workers towards safety consciousness in mechanised agricultural work. Analysis of the results investigates the following factors and aspects: breakdown by age group; degree of vocational training; size of farm or undertaking; safety and comfort of tractors; power take-off shafts and tractor attachments; safety literature; accidents and compensation; dangerous work; suggestions for safe working methods and health protection. The questionnaire form used is appended.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Afdeling Landbouw, Postbus 69, Voorburg, Netherlands, Nov. 1974. 36p.

CIS 75-560 Schneider W., Heim H., Katzmann H.
Development and comparative results of measures to increase safety consciousness in undertakings
Entwicklung und Erfolgsvergleich von Massnahmen zur Beeinflussung des Sicherheitsbewusstseins im Betrieb [in German]
After a review of the literature and information obtained from Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Berufsgenossenschaften) and undertakings in Germany about the importance attached to safety consciousness, the authors present a pedagogic model the value of which was tested in the particular case of eye protection in lathe operators. The efficacy of programmed learning and audiovisual methods was found to vary considerably (lighting conditions, operators' age). Generally speaking, an increase in the number of operators wearing protective glasses and a decline of 13% in the incidence of eye injuries was achieved.
Forschungsbericht Nr.114, Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Martener Strasse 435, 46 Dortmund-Marten, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1974. 127p. (+40p. appendix) 58 ref. Price: DM.13.50.

CIS 75-295 Rehtanz H.
Main emphasis of occupational safety and health research, with special reference to safe behaviour
Schwerpunkte der Arbeitsschutzforschung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "arbeitsschutzgerechten Verhaltens" [in German]
Present-day trends in technology, while aiming at excluding hazards, can introduce new hazards or aggravate existing ones. The main areas of safety and health research are statistical methods and prospective analysis, and a search for technical solutions (of which several examples are given) to problems in a number of fields (safety of machinery and plant, electrical safety, noise and vibration, harmful substances, personal protective equipment and safety training).
Sozialistische Arbeitswissenschaft, 1974, Vol.18, No.1, p.10-16. 18 ref.

CIS 74-1794 Andriessen J.H.T.H.
Safety - a question of motivation
Veiligheid - een kwestie van motivatie [in Dutch]
Doctoral thesis based on a psychological study carried out in the building industry to determine the motivations underlying safe working attitudes. Subjects dealt with include: accidents and safety (individual, leadership, organisational factors and their influence on human behaviour); the anticipation theory of work motivation (personality factors, performance motive and fear of failure); determinants of motivation to safe work (leadership, group behaviour and personality); description of the questionnaire survey carried out by the author; analysis and evaluation of the results.
Faculteit Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087a, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1974. 226p. Illus. 121 ref. Price: Glds.8.50.

1973

CIS 74-288 Luginbühl H.R.
Safety - Ways of influencing people
Sécurité - Possibilités d'influencer les hommes. [in French]
A large proportion of occupational accidents are caused by unsafe acts since artificial hazards are not considered instinctively in the same light as environmental hazards. Since it is impossible to exert an influence on natural instinct, other means to correct unsafe behaviour must be found: selecting the best qualified personnel for vacant posts; example set by supervisors; informing personnel about accident risks (presented in a clear and convincing manner); offering motives for safe behaviour.
Schweisstechnik - Soudure, June 1973, Vol.63, No.6, p.167-172.

1972

CIS 74-289 Potter H.
Prevention - A management task
Die Unfallverhütung ist eine Führungsaufgabe [in German]
Reasons for the spectacular success of American industry in the field of accident prevention are offered. Since considerably more accidents are caused by unsafe acts than by hazardous situations, it is most important to motivate workers towards safe behaviour; this is a task for management. Usually, a favourable reaction can only be obtained if the satisfaction of psychological or social stimuli is used as motivation. The article describes in detail how to achieve this.
Illustrierte Zeitschrift für Arbeitsschutz, May 1972, Vol.19, No.3, p.10-12; July 1972, Vol.19, No.4, p.1-4; Sep. 1972, Vol.19, No.5, p.1-3; and Nov. 1972, Vol.19, No.6, p.16-17. Illus. 71 ref.

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