Hand and portable tools - 750 entries found

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1992

CIS 93-2020 Suruda A., Smith L.
Work-related electrocutions involving portable power tools and appliances
Portable power tools and appliances can be identified as the source of injury in approximately 9% of occupational electrocutions. A search of fatality records for 1984 through 1986 in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) databases identified 102 electrocutions involving portable appliances and tools that used 110-volt AC and 33 deaths involving welding equipment, which usually operates on 220-volt AC or higher. Fifty-one deaths occurred in the construction industry, 13 in services, 13 in manufacturing, and 25 in other industries. Plumbing contractors had the highest number of deaths (15) in construction. Powered hand-tools were involved in 58 deaths, with electric drills (23) and saws (13) the two largest classes. Proper provision of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection, particularly at temporary work sites, could have prevented most of the deaths from 110-volt AC.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.34, No.9, p.887-892. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 93-2088 Schmauder M., Solf J.J.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Influence of handedness on equipment handling
Einfluss der Händigkeit bei der Handhabung von Arbeitsmitteln [in German]
The performance of left-handed and right-handed persons in handling tools, such as scissors, and in operating controls was compared. Ten left-handed and ten right-handed students, whose hand preference had been confirmed by extensive tests, were selected. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the relationship between accidents and hand preference as well as job selection and handedness. A total of 564 persons covering 21 occupations participated. Recommendations for the design of hand tools which takes into account hand preference are derived from the results. Detailed summaries in German, English and French.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1992. 322p. Illus. 228 ref. Price: DEM 47.00.

CIS 93-1722 Air powered hand tools
This data sheet was previously issued in 1989 (see CIS 90-1362). It covers: common types of air powered hand tools; potential hazards; ergonomic considerations for the handling of the tool; safe work practices; training; maintenance; legislation; tool inspection checklist.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 250 Yonge Street, 28th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2N4, Canada, Rev.ed., 1992. 6p. Illus. Price: CAD 1.15 (members), CAD 2.35 (non-members).

CIS 93-1353 Jacobsson B., Nordström B., Lundström R.
Vibrating hand-held machines in the construction industry
The aim of this study was to investigate and measure vibration levels of the most commonly used machines within the construction industry. In the report 186 hand-held machines divided into more than 15 different machine groups were studied. The project is a joint venture between Bygghälsan (Construction Industry's Organisation for Working Environment, Safety and Health) and the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Health.
Safety Science, Nov. 1992, Vol.15, Nos.4-6, Special issue, p.367-373. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 93-659
Foundries Industry Advisory Committee
Vibration white finger in foundries - Advice for employers
This leaflet gives advice to employers on reducing the risk of ill health caused by exposure to the use of rotating or percussive hand-guided tools. Symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome and vibration white finger are described along with precautions and preventive measures, including identification of risks to employees, review of product and process design, purchase of new tools and equipment and health surveillance.
HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 8p. 6 ref.

CIS 93-437 Chain saws
Motorsägen [in German]
Contents of this guidance note applying to portable power chain saws: types of saws according to the power source of the engine; parts of saws and related hazards; safety devices; safety rules for carrying the saw and starting the engine; fuelling; personal protective equipment, environmental protection, legal provisions. A checklist is provided for a maintenance schedule.
Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 14p. Illus.

CIS 92-2079 Wos H., Lindberg J., Jakus R., Norlander S.
Evaluation of impact loading in overhead work using a bolt pistol support
In order to evaluate the effects of a bolt gun support stand on impact loading of the hand-arm system, ten male subjects fired two spiked bolts into the centre of a steel beam, one with and one without the aid of the support. Shock sequences were measured by two accelerometers. The support stand reduced transmission of mechanical shocks to the hand-arm system and effectively dampened high frequency components of the shock. It is considered that a thoroughly mastered technique for use of the tool would further reduce the transmission of vibration to the hand-arm system.
Ergonomics, Sep. 1992, Vol.35, No.9, p.1069-1079. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 92-2061 Chatterjee D.S.
Workplace upper limb disorders: A prospective study with intervention
A prospective longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of upper limb disorders in an electromechanical plant between 1980 and 1988. It included clinical and epidemiological studies, measurements of vibration produced by the power tools used, ergonomic assessment of the works and time and motion studies. During the same period remedial actions were taken through multidisciplinary interventions when the specific causal factors were known. The study shows the clinical entities of the disorder, identifies the risk factors and evaluates the results of the interventions. It assists in establishing a cause and effect relationship for the condition and demonstrates the way a preventive strategy could be developed.
Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1992, Vol.42, No.3, p.129-136. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 92-1360 Portable chain-saws - Chain catcher - Dimensions and mechanical strength
Scies à chaîne portatives - Enrouleur de chaîne - Dimensions et résistance mécanique [in French]
This standard specifies the mechanical strength and dimension requirements, as well as the corresponding test method, for the chain catcher of chain saws.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus.

1991

CIS 95-516
Health and Safety Executive
Chainsaws on the farm
CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1991. Videotape. Length: 14min. Price: GBP 11.49 (hire), GBP 38.30 (sale). ###

CIS 95-338 Forestry machinery - Portable chain saws - Determination of handle strength
Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Détermination de la solidité des poignées [in French]
This standard specifies a test method and strength requirements for the handles of portable hand-held internal combustion engine chain-saws for use primarily in forestry.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 2nd edition, 1991. ii, 2p. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 92-1712 Heinsohn P., Jewett D.L., Balzer L., Bennett C.H., Seipel P., Rosen A.
Aerosols created by some surgical power tools - Particle size distribution and qualitative hemoglobin content
Prompted by concerns about exposure to blood and other body substances, the possible generation of blood-containing aerosols in orthopaedic surgical practice was investigated. Common surgical power tools were operated in the laboratory to simulate the aerosols typically generated in common orthopaedic procedures. A bone saw, a Hall drill, a Shea drill, and an electrocautery were used on bone or tendon while blood was slowly dripped over the operative surface. Particle size distribution was evaluated with a low-pressure cascade impactor, and the presence of haemoglobin in inspirable particles was evaluated with the aid of a midget impinger. Particle size distribution depended on the type of power tool used, but most of the particles collected were in the respirable range. Haemoglobin was detected in all samples. Personal sampling is indicated to determine whether inspirable blood aerosols are present in the surgeon's breathing zone during an operation.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1991, Vol.6, No.9, p.773-776. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 92-993 Nagase H., Nakamura H., Nohara S., Miura K., Ohnishi T.
Multivariate analysis of subjective symptoms in forestry workers using chain saws
Chensō sagyōsha no jikaku shōjō ni kansuru tahenryō kaiseki [in Japanese]
To evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of subjective symptoms in workers using vibrating tools and the duration of chain saw operation, and to examine whether these symptoms were related to factors other than the use of vibrating tools, multivariate analysis was used to analyse the subjective symptoms of 317 chain saw operators. Peripheral circulatory, peripheral neurological and musculo-skeletal disturbances were closely related to the number of age-adjusted chain saw operating years. General symptoms such as easy fatigability, headache, forgetfulness, vertigo and/or tinnitus, easy irritability, sleep disorder, profuse sweating, stomach discomfort, palpitation and/or dyspnoea, shoulder stiffness, hearing disturbance and lumbago form 4 independent groups that have no relationship with duration of chain saw operation.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 20 Sep. 1991, Vol.33, No.5, p.388-402. 20 ref.

CIS 92-293 Dimberg L., Oden A.
White finger symptoms: A cross-sectional study
In a cross-sectional questionnaire study of 2,933 employees of a Swedish aircraft company, the prevalence of white finger was correlated with information on personal and anthropometrical data and on job and leisure related activities. A positive association with age and with work with vibrating hand-tools and a negative association with body weight was found. The highest proportion of white finger was found among polishers/grinders, sheet-metal workers and cleaners. It is concluded that work with vibrating hand-tools of the type used in this industry probably increases the prevalence of white finger and that better ways to insulate tools need to be evaluated.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1991, Vol.62, No.9, p.879-883. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 92-280 Nelson C.M.
Investigation of the relationship between vibration exposure and the latent period for vibration-induced white finger
Exposition aux vibrations et temps de latence du syndrome de Raynaud [in French]
A survey conducted among shipyard workers exposed to vibration from powered hand tools provided data on individual histories of vibration exposure and symptoms of vibration-induced white finger. Investigation of the latent period for the development of blanching symptoms among different occupational groups revealed differences between the groups. No clear relationship was found, however, between vibration magnitudes and latency. The latent periods for separate occupational groups were related to the durations for which the workers had been regularly exposed to vibration from one or more tools or processes. It is possible, therefore, that monitoring the regular duration of exposure would be a more useful means of assessment of the severity (i.e. risk of injury) of vibration exposure from tools of this kind than accurate measurements to vibration characteristics.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd Quarter 1991, No.144, Note No.1842-144-91, p.479-484. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 91-1684 Kihlberg S., Friberg M., Hagberg M., Hansson J.E., Jorulf L., Östergren C.E.
Vibration levels and health problems from work with nut runners
Machines portatives d'assemblage - Intensité des vibrations induites - Problèmes de santé liés à leur utilisation [in French]
The most frequently used tools in a Swedish truck assembling factory are impact wrenches. In 1982, 23% of the workers were suffering from vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and 33% from numbness after 7-9yrs of exposure. New tools were introduced in the factory between 1984 and 1986. In 1987 almost all of the impact wrenches were changed to nut runners. Some screwdrivers, impulse wrenches and wrenches were also used. There was now no increase in the risk for VWF compared with the reference group, but a 16% prevalence of nocturnal tingling was still found, corresponding to a relative risk of 10 (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio).
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1991, No.142, Note No.1818-142-91, p.87-92. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 91-1710 Hand tools
Kéziszerszámok [in Hungarian]
This series of 16 information sheets deals with the safe use of hand tools. Contents: general safety recommendations; wrenches; screwdrivers; pliers; hammers; files; scissors; snips; wood chisels; cold chisels; hand saws; pipe tools; gear pullers; clamps; vices; non-sparking tools.
Országos Munkavédelmi Tudományos Kutató Intézet, 1021 Budapest, Ötvös János u. 1-3, Hungary, 1991. 16 information notes. Illus.

CIS 91-1678 Powered hand tools
Villamos kéziszerszámok [in Hungarian]
This series of 18 information sheets deals with the safe use of powered hand tools. Contents: safety checks before the tools are used (primarily for workers without specialised training); periodic safety checks (primarily for workers with specialised training); safe working practices with powered hand tools; electric drills; electric sanders in the woodworking industry; electric saws; electric planers; electric milling machines in the woodworking industry; nail guns; hemming and stitching machines; pneumatic grinders, drills and bolt drivers.
Országos Munkavédelmi Tudományos Kutató Intézet, 1021 Budapest, Ötvös János u. 1-3, Hungary, 1991. 18 information notes. Illus.

1990

CIS 96-1946 Hand-held circular saws for woodworking [Sweden]
Handcirkelsågar för trä [in Swedish]
This amendment of ordinance AFS 1986:30 (CIS 87-54 and CIS 89-1101) came into force on 1 July 1990. It covers testing on the guideplate.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 3p.

CIS 96-1945 Power chain saws [Sweden]
Motorkedjesågar [in Swedish]
This ordinance came into force on 1 January 1991 and supersedes a number of older regulations. It covers: scope; type approval; delivery; work with power chain saws; control and supervision; special rules for tree felling and handling of trees uprooted by storms; personal protective equipment; power saw rooms and stores for fuel. In annex: type approval, advice for the implementation of the ordinance.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 25p. Illus.

CIS 94-1714 Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools - Part 1: General requirements
Sécurité des machines-outils électriques semi-fixes - 1re partie: Règles générales [in French]
This international standard specifies general requirements for transportable motor-operated electric tools intended for indoor and outdoor use. Contents: definitions; notes on tests; rating and classification; marking; protection against electric shock; starting; input and current; heating; leakage current; radio and television interference; protection against ingress of foreign bodies and moisture; insulation resistance and electric strength; endurance; abnormal operation; stability and mechanical hazards; construction; internal wiring; components; supply connection and external flexible cables and cords; terminals for external conductors; earthing; screws and connections; creepage distances, clearances and distances through insulation; resistance to heat, fire, tracking and rusting; radiation.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, July 1990. 182p. Illus.

CIS 94-1058 Chambran J.M.
I - Noise and vibration from power-driven hand tools. II - Occupational hazards related to the use of certain power-driven tools and their prevention
I - Bruits et vibrations des machines portatives. II - Les risques professionnels liés à l'utilisation de certaines machines portatives et leur prévention [in French]
Article I surveys the damage to the body or the nervous system that can be caused by noise and vibration from portable hand tools. Article II provides the results of a statistical study of 324 accidents involving the use of portable machines such as drills, hammers, staplers, saws, grinding machines etc. Tables summarize the circumstances of the accidents and the nature of the injury suffered. For each machine, the principal hazards and appropriate preventive measures are indicated. French and European legislation are surveyed.
Sécurité - sciences et techniques, Mar. 1990, No.92, p.49-52, and May 1990, No.94, p.42-47. Illus.

CIS 93-726
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften
Use of explosive-actuated tools [Germany]
Arbeiten mit Schussapparaten [in German]
Revised version of these safety rules (updating document abstracted under CIS 83-1223) applying to work with fastening guns, joining tools, slaughtering guns, rope launchers, and industrial cannons. General provisions apply to marking, use, user qualifications, loading, maintenance, inspection and testing. Additional provisions apply to the use of particular tools (protective devices, handling of the tool, position of the operator). In annex: rules of application and comments.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1 Apr. 1990. 15 + 10p.

CIS 91-1347 More safety in grinding operations
Mehr Sicherheit beim Schleifen [in German]
The following measures are suggested in order to prevent accidents with pneumatic grinders: accident-proof design of grinders; selection of grinders with dead man's control; use of grinding wheel guards and personal protective equipment (safety spectacles, helmets, gloves and respirators); regular maintenance.
Sicherheitsbeauftragter, Sep. 1990, Vol.25, No.9, p.32-34, 36-38. Illus.

CIS 91-1346 Delpy A., Mauge M.
Kickback caused by drill jamming
Réaction supportée par l'opérateur lors du blocage des perceuses [in French]
During the use of hand-held machines containing rotating parts, such as drills, numerous accidents are caused when the tool jams in the workpiece. A special test bench was used to measure the torque produced by drill jamming and tests were carried out on a number of users with a view to determine a tolerable limit value for the torque.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd Quarter 1990, No.140, Note No.1787-140-90, p.537-541. Illus.

CIS 91-1320
Health and Safety Executive
The safe use of portable electrical apparatus (electrical safety)
This guidance note is a revision of the 1983 edition (see CIS 84-1520). It gives electrical safety advice on the installation, use and maintenance of portable mobile electrical apparatus for use on electricity supplies not exceeding 650V. Contents: causes of accidents; methods of minimising the risk of electric shock; environmental conditions; precautions in the use of cables, plugs, sockets and other connections; methods of protection (reduced voltage, circulating current earth monitoring, residual current devices, safety extra low voltage); small portable and mobile generators (of output powers up to 5kW); larger mobile plant needing large amounts of power (e.g. in mines); inspection and maintenance requirements; operator instruction.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 12p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 91-986 Futatsuka M., Inaoka N., Ueno T.
Validity of function tests on the upper extremities in establishing a prognosis in vibration syndrome
The validity of function tests on the upper extremities as prognostic tools in vibration syndrome was evaluated over a sequence of observation periods. The subjects examined were 672 forest workers using chain saws who had had some complaints and who had shown abnormal findings in the function tests. The function tests consisted of peripheral circulatory and sensory tests, including cold provocation and motor tests of functional capacity in the upper extremities. From the results of testing, 23 variables were selected and examined by multivariate analysis. The four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the factor score of the peripheral circulatory disturbances component was found to be highly correlated with the severity of VWF (Vibration-induced White Finger).
Industrial Health, 1990, Vol.28, No.2, p.41-52. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 91-1011
Health and Safety Executive
Training and standards of competence for users of chain saws in agriculture, arboriculture and forestry
Contents of this guidance note: legal requirements under the Health and Safety at Work Act; objective of requirements; selection of chain saw operators and conditions which may impair fitness to use a chain saw; supervision of trainees at training courses or being trained at work; requirements for competent instructors and training operators; recognised training bodies; certification. Appendices provide a list of relevant certificates and an outline of training courses for farm chain saw users and for foresters and arboriculturists.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 4p.

CIS 91-618 Kessler M., Korn M., Drysch K., Schmahl F.W.
The noise environment in landscape management and gardening - Noise exposure measurements and audiometric studies
Lärmbereich "Landschaftspflege und Landschaftsgartenbau" - Schallimmissionsmessungen und audiometrische Untersuchungen [in German]
The noise levels emitted by motor-driven gardening implements were determined in 2 horticultural enterprises. One specialised in landscape design, the other in the upkeep of public gardens. Measured noise levels of mowers, motor hoes, chain saws, power saws and wood grinders ranged from 85.6dB(A) to 103.1dB(A). Audiometric examination of 36 landscape gardeners revealed 17 cases of hearing loss which were in excess of age-related hearing loss.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, 1990, Vol.25, No.8, p.352-356. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 91-627 Trent R.B., Wyant W.D.
Fatal hand tool injuries in construction
Assuming that hand tool injuries that are fatal will differ from nonfatal injuries, 62 Occupational Safety and Health Administration reports were analysed. Four patterns emerged when the type of contact with energy was used to classify incidents. Fatal injuries occurred when (1) contact was made with energy that supplied power to the hand tool, (2) energy normally transferred to the material being worked is transferred to the worker (3) workers or materials fall, and (4) potential energy is encountered in the work environment. Analysis showed that almost all such injuries could be prevented by application of existing safe work practices.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1990, Vol.32, No.8, p.711-714. 15 ref.

CIS 90-2035 Noise reduction by selection of machines with low sound emission - Pneumatic hammers and drilling machines
Lärmminderung durch Auswahl leiser Maschinen - Druckluftbohrhämmer und -hammerbohrmaschinen [in German]
Pneumatic hammer drills are used in underground mining and in civil engineering for tunnel construction. The noise levels of 117dB(A) for machines up to 30kg - and 120dB(A) - up to 200kg - were determined to be maximum permissible sound levels. No newly purchased machines should have sound power levels above these values.
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Jan. 1990, Vol.1, p.7-8. Illus.

CIS 90-1432 Nail-driving guns [Norway]
Spikerpistoler [in Norwegian]
Revised edition of the regulations effective 1 July 1981 (including the changes of 27 Apr. 1989), applying to all types of nail-driving gun (pneumatically, electrically, and spring operated). Contents: construction (ergonomic design, safety catch, overpressure safety device for pneumatic guns, marking, working pressure, operating and maintenance manual in Norwegian); safe use (instruction of workers, precautions to be taken for preventing injuries and material damage, correct nails, tidying away after use, adjustment and checks).
Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 6th ed., July 1990. 6p.

1989

CIS 93-1769 Occupational Health and Safety (Explosive-Powered Tools) Regulations 1989 [Australia - Victoria]
These regulations (commenced on 19 Dec. 1989, gazetted as S.R. 349/1989) were issued under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985 (CIS 88-1751). They concern the following aspects of the use of explosive-powered tools: testing and marking; registration of such tools and of operators; use and care of tools and projectiles (inspection, overhaul, repair, prohibited uses, marking of explosive charges, safety precautions, care and storage, warning notices).
In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 8p. (pages numbered 60,423 - 60,462).

CIS 92-736 Cartridge-operated fixing guns [Sweden]
Translation into English of the Regulations originally abstracted as CIS 84-619. They became effective on 1 Jan. 1985, and apply to explosive-actuated stud drivers. Contents: definitions; design requirements (trigger, driving piston, safety devices); cartridges; projectiles; carrying case; testing for conformity with regulations and approval; marking; use (worker training, precautions, warning signs, protection of eyes and ears); maintenance; provisions for special cases. In an appendix: rules for testing for impact sensitivity; commentaries.
National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 14p.

CIS 91-1681 Portable electric tools
Contents of this data sheet: common types of portable electric tools; hazards; legislation; safe use of tools; ergonomic considerations; training; maintenance. A sample inspection report is appended.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 2 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3N8, Canada, 1989. 6p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 91-1698 Pathak B., Charron D.
Vibration exposure in the workplace
Exposition aux vibrations en milieu de travail [in French]
The health effects of vibrating machinery and methods of vibration measurement are explained in this overview of hand-arm and whole-body vibration. Examples of occupational vibration exposure are provided. Various international agencies have published exposure guidelines for both types of vibration and these are presented. Finally, methods for vibration control are listed.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1989. 14p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 91-1375 Eggert J.
Technical and ergonomic aspects of tree trimming
Technische und ergonomische Aspekte der Wertästung [in German]
Weight, diameter, and height up to which trees can be trimmed are presented for five different mechanical and power saws as well as the costs involved. Four of the saws are rod cutters, the fifth one is a hand saw operated from a tree velo. Physical aptitude for handling these saws was determined by measuring the pulse rate of a worker. The endurance value was exceeded when the velo and hand saw were used. An ergonomically designed trimming saw is described.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.44-45, p.1180-1183. Illus.

CIS 91-990 Matsumoto Y., Kawabe M., Yasue T., Yuguchi M., Yoshida I.
Two cases of scleroderma associated with vibration syndrome
Shindō-shōgai ni gappei shita kyōhishō no 2 rei [in Japanese]
Case 1, a 49 year-old male who had been engaged in repair and reclamation of automobile tyres developed symptoms of vibration syndrome after some 30 years' use of a grinder and impact wrench. Two years thereafter, multiple sclerodermic lesions appeared over the trunk, upper extremities and thighs; these disappeared about 2 years later. His serum was positive for anti-centromere antibody. This case corresponded to generalised morphea. Case 2, a 53 year-old male, developed symptoms of vibration syndrome after 25 years' use of a jack hammer in a quarry. Thereafter, sclerodermic changes of the forearms, lower legs, face and abdomen occurred with an associated sclerodactyly. These findings, together with serum positivity for anti-RNP antibody and dilation of the lower portion of the oesophagus, led to a diagnosis of progressive systemic sclerosis. The vibration syndrome in the present cases might be related aetiologically to these forms of scleroderma.
Japanese Journal of Dermatology, Feb. 1989, Vol.99, No.2, p.155-161. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 91-1042 Byström S., Kilbom Å.
Local physiological response to intermittent handgrip exercise
Lokalt fysiologiskt svar vid intermittent griparbete [in Swedish]
Using a handgrip dynamometer, 4 combinations of contraction-relaxation periods were studied (10+10, 10+5, 10+2s and continuous contraction) at 3 contraction intensities (10, 25 and 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)). Local blood flow in the forearm (venous occlusion plethysmography) was monitored before, during and after the exercise period. EMG (frequency analysis) and perceived effort and pain were recorded during the exercise. Forearm blood flow was insufficient even in isometric contractions of low intensity (10% MVC). Vasodilating metabolites play an active role for blood flow in low-intensity isometric contractions. Maximal blood flow in the forearm during relaxation periods (25-30mL/(min x 100mL)) is achieved at only 25% MVC. Only intermittent exercise at 10% MVC and (10+5s) and (10+10s) at 25% MVC was considered acceptable with regard to local fatigue, as evaluated by EMG changes, subjective ratings and post-exercise flow/total blood flow ratio.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 23p. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 91-309 Klose O.
Getting information across - Making functions recognisable is important in the design of electric hand drills
Informationen deutlich machen - Erkennbarkeit der Funktionen ist wichtig beim Gestalten von elektrischen Bohrmaschinen [in German]
The safety and ergonomic design of electric hand drills is examined. The way to hold and switch them on and off must be apparent at first sight. Electric hand drills are illustrated whose design accomplishes this goal.
Maschinenmarkt, 1989, Vol.95, No.34, p.134-138. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 91-342 Hansson J.E., Friberg M., Granström B., Kihlberg S., Kvarnström S.
Musculoskeletal problems - Examples of successful ergonomic solutions
Belastningsproblem - Exempel på lyckade ergonomiska lösningar [in Swedish]
This report reviews the causes of musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive work and presents a series of solutions to ergonomic problems in the manufacturing industry. Some ergonomically designed hand tools and hand-held power tools with low vibration levels are presented. The report is richly illustrated.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 51p. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 90-1701 Baxter J.A.
Raynaud's phenomenon (White finger) - A summary of the occupational health concern
La maladie de Raynaud - Un résumé des risques sur le plan professionnel [in French]
Raynaud's phenomenon is a disorder of blood circulation in the fingers most commonly associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome caused by hand-held power tools. This guide outlines causes of the disease, recognition of signs and symptoms, available treatment, and preventive measures (in particular, precautions with vibrating tools).
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, June 1989. 7p. 11 ref.

CIS 90-1349 Occupational exposure to hand-arm vibration
The major health problems associated with the use of these tools are signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular and peripheral neural disorders of the fingers and hand. Development of these symptoms depends on many factors, including level of acceleration of the tool, length of time for which the tool is used each day, cumulative time in use, and ergonomics of tool use. Because of the general lack of epidemiological and chemical data, it is not possible at present to establish meaningful dose-response relationships. This document therefore recommends a standard for exposure to hand-arm vibration which, whilst not including any specific exposure limit, does include engineering controls, good work practice, use of protective clothing and equipment, training of workers and medical surveillance.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Sep. 1989. 127p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 90-1362 Air powered hand tools
This data sheet lists common types of air powered hand tools and potential hazards associated with their use. Advice is given on correct handling and start-up procedures, including ergonomic considerations. Aspects to be covered in a training programme are listed, as well as procedures for inclusion in a planned programme of maintenance.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 2 Bloor Street West, 31st Floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3N8, Canada, 1989. 6p.

CIS 90-1000 Burström L., Lundström R., Lindmark A., Landström U.
Vibration insulating capacity of handles
Handtags vibrationsisolerande förmåga [in Swedish]
This report evaluates and compares six different vibration-insulated handles. The evaluation was done by measuring both the amount of vibration energy absorbed by each handle and the proportion of energy transmitted (the transfer function). The 2 methods gave similar results, so that the less complex method, the transfer function method, is recommended for describing the properties of vibration-insulated handles. The results also show that most of the vibration-insulated handles have resonances in the frequency range 15-60Hz and attenuation at higher frequencies. The choice of vibration-insulated handles depends on the frequency spectra of the actual hand-held tool to which it will be attached. The results can be used to calculate the possible attenuation for a given handle and tool.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Publikationsservice, 17 184 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 31p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 90-636 Forestry machinery - Portable brush-saws - Measurement of hand-transmitted vibration
Machines forestières - Débroussailleuses portatives - Mesurage des vibrations transmises aux mains [in French]
This standard specifies general methods for data acquisition and processing concerning hand-transmitted vibrations induced by these machines. The methods are valid irrespective of how the brush-saw is operated during the test, for example, whether it is hand-held or mounted in a stand, and whether it is cutting or not.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Dec. 1989. 7p. Illus.

CIS 90-640 Thome K.
Hand and electric tools for professionals
Hand- und Elektrowerkzeuge für die Elektrofachkraft [in German]
Unsafe practices and safe working methods are pointed out for: hammers, chisels, files, tongs, pliers, hand knives, screwdrivers and electric tools such as portable electric drills and hand drills. One-third of accidents involving ladders in Germany (Fed.Rep.) occur when handling electric hand drills. Criteria for safe hand drills, e.g. low weight and protection against electric shocks, are presented.
D E - Der Elektromeister und Deutsches Elektrohandwerk, 1989, Vol.64, No.15-16, p.1139-1144. Illus.

CIS 90-333 Hammarskjöld E., Ekholm J., Harms-Ringdahl K.
Reproducibility of work movements with carpenters' hand tools
To find a model for testing possible new causes of accidents in the construction industry, the degree of precision with which carpenters habitually reproduced familiar work with ordinary hand-tools was investigated. Ten experienced carpenters performed standardised sawing, nailing and screwing tasks on two separate days, twice a day. Intra-individually the carpenters repeated the standardised work tasks with a high degree of precision (coefficients of variation less than 10%). In the dynamometer simulation, the precision was almost the same in screwing, but not in sawing. The perceived strain was consistently related to three different levels, with screwing rated 'hardest' and hammering 'easiest'. The EMG pattern varied among the ten subjects, but individual patterns and amplitudes were similar at the four trials. Parts of the model described can be used to test whether the reproducibility of movement performance changes after exposure to different work-related strains.
Ergonomics, Aug. 1989, Vol.32, No.8, p.1005-1018. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 89-1667 Noise reduction by selection of quiet machines - Pneumatic hammers
Lärmminderung durch Auswahl leiser Maschinen - Drucklufthämmer [in German]
On the basis of existing directives (VDI 3749 Part 2 and EC-guidelines), sound pressure levels of 108, 111 and 114dB (for weights of up to 20kg, 20-35kg and over 35kg) were determined to characterise pneumatic hammers with the lowest noise emission. For selecting quiet pneumatic hammers, A-weighted sound pressure levels according to DIN 45649 Part 1 or 2 and sound levels determined under operating conditions according to DIN 45635 Part 20 should be compared with the above values.
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Apr. 1989, No.2, p.8-10. Illus.

CIS 89-1705 Safety of hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Part 2: Particular requirements for drills
Sécurité des outils électroportatifs à moteur - 2ème partie: règles particulières pour les perceuses [in French]
This international standard applies to drills. It should be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC Publication 745-1 on general safety requirements for hand-held motor-operated electric tools.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, Genève, Switzerland, 1989. 21p.

CIS 89-1704 Safety of hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Part 2: Particular requirements for routers and trimmers
Sécurité des outils électroportatifs à moteur - 2ème partie: règles particulières pour les défonceuses et affleureuses [in French]
This international standard applies to routers and trimmers. It should be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC Publication 745-1 on general safety requirements for hand-held motor-operated tools.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, Genève, Switzerland, 1989. 17p.

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