Vibration - 974 entries found

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2008

CIS 08-1428 Mayton A.G., Kittusamy N.K., Ambrose D.H., Jobes C.C., Legault M.L.
Jarring/jolting exposure and musculoskeletal symptoms among farm equipment operators
Vehicle vibration exposure has been linked to chronic back pain and low-back symptoms among agricultural tractor drivers. The objectives of this study were to assess driver whole-body vibration (WBV) exposures and recommend interventions to reduce the risk of back-related injuries, particularly relative to vehicle jarring/jolting. Field data and health and work history were collected from equipment operators carrying out various tasks with different models of tractors. Ninety-six percent of participants reported having to bend or twist their necks, 24% reported neck symptoms and 64% reported back symptoms. Recommendations included: specifying a seat that better isolates operators from jars/jolts; maintaining the seat suspension; replacing worn or damaged cushions; using larger diameter tires; using a swivel seat to reduce the stress on the neck; improving efforts to educate operators of the adverse effects of WBV exposures.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Sep.-Oct. 2008, Vol.38, No.9-10, p.758-766. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 08-1418 Govindaraju S.R., Curry B.D., Bain J.L.W., Riley D.A.
Nerve damage occurs at a wide range of vibration frequencies
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is an occupational disorder caused by years of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration from powered tools. Patients with late-stage HAVS have peripheral neuropathy. To protect workers from developing HAVS, ISO 5349 (2001) sets vibration exposure limits based on vibration frequency weighting which progressively reduces injury potential at 16Hz and higher. Rat tails were used to characterize the early changes in tail-nerves exposed to vibration frequencies of 30, 120 and 800Hz continuously for 4h at 49m/s² rms. All three frequencies caused similar nerve oedema, dilation of arterioles and percentages of disrupted axons. These findings demonstrate that early vibration injury of nerves occurs at both low and high frequencies.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Sep.-Oct. 2008, Vol.38, No.9-10, p.687-692. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 08-1417 Peterson D.R., Brammer A.J., Cherniack M.G.
Exposure monitoring system for day-long vibration and palm force measurements
This article describes a vibration exposure monitor consisting of a small, portable data-logging system, including an adapter containing an accelerometer and a force sensor, developed to record user-specific tool-operating times, hand-transmitted vibration, and palm forces throughout all, or a representative part, of an 8-h workday. The microprocessor-based device has proved to be cost-effective, robust and flexible and can be applied across a wide range of occupations and occupational settings involving exposures to vibration.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Sep.-Oct. 2008, Vol.38, No.9-10, p.676-686. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 08-1415 Rimell A.N., Notini L., Mansfield N.J., Edwards D.J.
Variation between manufacturers' declared vibration emission values and those measured under simulated workplace conditions for a range of hand-held power tools typically found in the construction industry
Manufacturers' declared vibration emission values for hand-held power tools used were compared with those of the OPERC HAVTEC database. The values recorded in this database are made according to ISO 5349 using simulated workplace conditions. A total of 656 tool and attachment combinations were evaluated, covering a wide range of applications typically found within the construction industry. These data were compared with the manufacturers declared values, with and without the multiplication factors provided in technical report CEN/TR 15350. In general, it was found that workplace vibration emissions were underestimated by manufacturers' declared values, while they were overestimated by the multiplication factors given in CEN/TR 15350.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Sep.-Oct. 2008, Vol.38, No.9-10, p.661-675. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 08-1414 Vergara M., Sancho J.L., Rodríguez P., Pérez-González A.
Hand-transmitted vibration in power tools: Accomplishment of standards and users' perception
This article presents the results of the measurements of hand-arm vibration levels of 70 tools used in various industrial sectors. Ninety workers were interviewed on their perception of vibration levels and on the symptoms of diseases related to hand-transmitted vibration. Compliance with current regulations was checked and the relationships between workers' perception of vibration, measured vibration levels and symptoms of vibration-related disorders were analysed. About 15% of the tools exceeded the action limits according to applicable standards. No preventive action was taken in any of these cases. Furthermore, in most of the cases, workers did not perceive these levels as being too high, which constitutes an additional risk factor.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Sep.-Oct. 2008, Vol.38, No.9-10, p.652-660. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 08-1416 Luna Mendaza P., Pujol Senovilla L.
Technical guide: Noise and mechanical vibrations
Guías técnicas: ruido y vibraciones mecánicas [in Spanish]
Presentation of the main points of two technical guides on noise and mechanical vibrations recently published by the INSHT. They aim to help implement the Royal Decrees on the protection of occupational safety and health of workers exposed to noise (RD 286/2006) and to mechanical vibration (RD 11311/2005).
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, July 2008, No.48, p.38-43. Illus.

CIS 08-1429 Hagberg M., Burström L., Lundström R., Nilsson T.
Incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon in relation to hand-arm vibration exposure among male workers at an engineering plant: A cohort study
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in relation to hand-arm vibration exposure in a cohort consisting of male office and manual workers. The baseline population consisted of 94 office and 147 manual workers at an engineering plant. RP was assessed at baseline and at follow up (at 5, 10 and 15 years). The retrospective and prospective incidence rates of RP were 16 and 14 respectively per 1000 exposure years among exposed workers, and 2.4 and 5.0 respectively per 1000 years among unexposed workers. Other findings are discussed. It is concluded that the EU directive on an action value for hand-arm vibration of 2.5m/s² is not too low; rather, they suggest that employers should take on actions even at exposure values of 1m/s².
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, June 2008, Vol.3, No.13, p.1-6. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 08-937 Marcotte P., Oddo R., Boutin J., Boilley R., Nélisse H., Boileau P.E., Drouin P., Sirard C., Daigle R.
Automobile repair industry - Characterization of the noise and vibration emitted by hand-held tools
Industrie de la réparation automobile - Caractérisation du bruit et des vibrations émis par les outils portatifs [in French]
Workers in the automobile and heavy vehicle repair sector are exposed to high noise levels and to the vibration of their hand-held pneumatic tools, which can cause occupational deafness and hand-arm vibration syndrome. Although the vibration and sound emissions of these tools can be determined in the laboratory, they do not represent the exposure levels in actual work situations because the processes used do not take into account the noise and vibration produced by contact of the tool with the part being worked on. The objective of this study was to develop laboratory methods for characterizing the noise and vibration of the most common tools used in the automobile repair shops and to define means of reducing them. A questionnaire was addressed to 40 automobile mechanics, working with five types of hand tools; they were also interviewed. The tools were also evaluated with respect to their noise and vibration emissions in a laboratory test bench. Findings are discussed, and various recommendations are proposed, involving the selection and maintenance of the tools, the use of hearing protectors and adopting proper work postures.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2008. x, 97p. Illus. 16 ref. + CD-ROM. Price: CAD 10.50. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-554.pdf [in French]

2007

CIS 10-0118 Patel J.
Noise emission data for hand-held concrete breakers
The objective of this study was to compare measured noise emission values of hand-held concrete breakers with the test method defined in the Noise Emission in the Environment by Equipment for use Outdoors Regulations 2001 (NEEEOR 2001) and during simulated real-use tests, with manufacturers' declared noise emission values, and to establish whether declared noise emission data can be used as an indicator of noise hazard. The programme of experimental work was carried out on six new concrete breakers. Findings are discussed. The declared noise emission values could not be verified in the majority of cases. Manufacturers' declared noise emissions may not be a reliable indicator of noise emitted in conditions of real use.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. vi, 49p. Illus. 13 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr604.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1433 Heaton R., Hewitt S., Yeomans L.
Health and Safety Executive
Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Fastener driving tools
This report describes the programme of experimental work carried out on exposure to vibration among users of nail guns, staplers and other fastener driving tools. The objectives were to assess the ISO 8662 emission tests for usability and repeatability, to investigate some of the factors that influence the vibration magnitude measured under standard test conditions, to compare vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions and to investigate alternative parameters for assessing the vibration from single shock tools. In order to achieve these aims, the vibration emission of each tool was measured according to the provisions in ISO 8662-11. Additional laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the effect of fastener size, work piece and mode of operation on the measured vibration magnitudes. Findings are discussed.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. vi, 40p. Illus. 10 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr591.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1435 Hewitt S., Heaton R., Shanks E., Mole M.
Health and Safety Executive
Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Polishers and sanders
This report describes the programme of experimental work carried out on exposure to vibration among polishers and sanders in the woodworking, plastics and metalworking industries. The objectives were to assess the BS EN ISO 8662 (non-electric tools) and the BS EN 60745 (electric tools) emission tests for usability and repeatability, to compare test results with manufacturers' declared vibration emission values, to compare declared vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions and to assess vibration emission data as an indicator of vibration hazard. Findings are discussed.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. v, 40p. Illus. 8 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr590.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1172 Scarlett A.J.
Health and Safety Executive
Whole-body vibration on self-propelled forage harvesters: Evaluation of emission and estimated daily exposure levels
This study was conducted to quantify whole-body vibration (WBV) emission and likely operator daily exposure levels associated with the normal operation of self-propelled harvesters. A survey was distributed to purchasers of recent machines, to determine information concerning typical machine usage and operator perception of WBV levels. Comprehensive WBV measurements were made on six working machines to provide representative samples of WBV time-histories. Frequency analysis of the vibration data and direct observation provided information on the potential and need for reducing operator WBV exposure. WBV emission levels were found to be relatively moderate compared to those encountered upon other agricultural vehicles. Nonetheless, the WBV levels during normal daily operation were sufficiently high to ensure that certain prescribed actions on the part of employers would be required. Other findings are discussed.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. x, 106p. Illus. 11 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr544.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-720 Bergmann A., Seidler A., Schumann B., Fischer S., Bolm-Audorff U., Ditchen D., Ellegast R., Elsner G., Grifka J., Hinz B., Hofmann F., Jäger M., Linhardt O., Luttmann A., Michaelis M., Petereit-Haack G., Haerting J.
Relationship between occupational exposure to whole-body vibration and disc-related diseases of the lumbar spine - Evaluations within the German spine study
Zusammenhang zwischen beruflicher Exposition durch Ganzkörpervibration und bandscheibenbedingten Erkrankungen der Lendenwirbelsäule - Auswertungen innerhalb der Deutschen Wirbelsäulenstudie [in German]
The aim of this case-control study carried out within the framework of a multi-centric study on occupational spinal column disorders in Germany was to examine the relationship between exposure to whole-body vibration and disc-related lumbar disorders. 65 of the 564 cases with intervertebral disc hernia, 39 of the 351 cases with advanced lumbar chondrosis and 73 of the 901 selected controls were occupationally exposed to vibrations. Since the number of women was too low to allow a statistically-significant evaluation, the study was restricted to men. No relationship was found between lifelong cumulative exposure to whole-body vibrations and lumbar prolapse. However, an increasing statistically non-significant monotonous relationship was observed between the total dose of whole-body vibrations and chondrosis. See also CIS 08-718/719 and 08-721.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2007, Vol.57, No.10, p.317-327. 28 ref.

CIS 08-450
Health and Safety Executive
Noise reduction at band re-saws
The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 (see CIS 06-1259) require employers to eliminate risks from noise, or to reduce them to the lowest possible level. This information note addresses the issue of noise reduction at band saws. The noise generated by band re-saws (typically over 85dB(A)) can be reduced by maintaining the machine and blade in good condition. Factors affecting the blade vibration level (the main source of noise) are listed along with advice on how the difference in noise levels when cutting and when idling can be used as a good indicator of the condition and adjustment of the machine and blade. The use of noise enclosures is also discussed. Replaces CIS 02-409.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2007. 4p. Illus. 3 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis4.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-477 Trask C., Teschke K., Village J., Chow Y., Johnson P., Luong N., Koehoorn M.
Measuring low back injury risk factors in challenging work environments: An evaluation of cost and feasibility
This study compared the practical application of five measurement methods of low back injury (observations, interviews, electromyography (EMG), inclinometry, and vibration monitoring) for 223 worker days in 50 heavy-industry worksites in western Canada. Data collection successes, challenges, costs, and data detail were documented for each method. Measurement success rates varied from 42.2% (seat- pan accelerometer) to 99.6% (post-shift interview) of worker days assessed. Missed days for direct monitoring equipment were primarily due to explosive environments, workplace conditions likely to damage the equipment and malfunctions. Costs per successful measurement day were lowest for interviews (approx. USD 23), about 10- fold higher for observations and inclinometry, and more than 20-fold higher for EMG and vibration monitoring.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2007, Vol.50, p.687-696. 20 ref.

CIS 08-445 Turcot A., Roy S., Simpson A.
Occupational injuries related to hand-arm vibration in Québec, 1993 to 2002 - Part II: Descriptive analysis of worker compensation files
Lésions professionnelles reliées aux vibrations main-bras au Québec, 1993 à 2002 - Partie II : Analyse descriptive des dossiers d'indemnisation des travailleurs [in French]
Hand-arm vibration syndrome related to the use of vibrating tools is a health problem not extensively documented in Quebec. It can produce neurological, osteo-articular and vascular disorders, in particular Raynaud's syndrome. Each year on average, 50 workers are compensated following an occupational injury resulting from vibration exposure of the upper limbs or circulatory system. In this study, the compensation files submitted to the occupational safety and health commission of Quebec (CSST) between 1990 and 2002 were examined to evaluate the extent of the vibration syndrome as well as to identify the employment sectors affected. It completes the findings of an earlier study (CIS 06-1111) of the general picture based on the CSST's computerized information. The report distinguishes between two categories of vibration-related injuries: Raynaud's syndrome and others. The statistical portrait of vibration-related injuries identifies activity sectors, occupations and geographical regions where prevention should be focussed.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. xiii, 147p. Illus. 118 ref. Price: CAD 12.72. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-492.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-438 Richard A.M.
Low vibration equipment - Major improvements for limiting vibrations
Matériels antivibratiles - Des innovations majeures pour limiter les vibrations [in French]
Regardless of whether they apply to the hands and arms when using a hand-held power tool or to the whole body when driving earthmoving machines, excessive vibrations cause injuries. This article discusses vibration exposure and applicable French regulations, vibration measurement, limitation of the length of exposure and the advantages of investing in recent equipment offering distinct improvements in vibration emission levels. These improvements apply to both hand-held power tools and earthmoving machines.
Prévention BTP, Mar. 2007, No.94, p.34-36. Illus.

CIS 08-444 Boutin J., Marcotte P., Jasinski J.
Determining the vibration emissions from percussive hand tools - Feasibility of a mechanical system for the substitution of human subjects
Détermination de l'émission vibratoire d'outils manuels percutants - Faisabilité d'un système mécanique de substitution de personnes [in French]
Estimating the vibratory emissions of vibrating manual tools in the laboratory calls for methods that require human subjects to handle these tools under well-defined conditions. The recruitment, availability and training of these individuals, as well as the variations in the results attributable to their different biodynamic characteristics, are all factors that make such tests difficult. This report describes a project to evaluate the feasibility of using a mechanical system rather than human subjects, thus simplifying the application of the protocol for evaluating a type of percussive tool, namely chipping hammers. It was found that the tested substitution mechanism considerably reduces the variability in the test results and that it could serve as an effective replacement for the current standardized test method.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. ix, 27p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: CAD 10.60. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-486.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-201 Marcotte P., Ouellette S., Boutin J., Boileau P.E., LeBlanc G., Oddo R.
Jackleg drills - Development of a test bench to characterize vibration emission values
Foreuses à béquille - Mise au point d'un banc d'essai pour caractériser les valeurs d'émission vibratoire [in French]
Jackleg drills, very common in the mining industry, produce a level of vibration that can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome in their users. In a previous study, the researchers created a prototype of an antivibration handle for jackleg drills. This handle reduced hand-arm vibration exposure by approximately 50%. The handle prototype was refined and adapted to the mining environment for the purpose of marketing it. To support the development of the antivibration handle, a test bench for evaluating the vibration emissions of jackleg drills under controlled conditions was developed and validated. This test bench evaluates the efficiency of the antivibration handle in relation to its wear.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. ix, 35p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: CAD 7.42. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-499.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-200 Boutin J., Marcotte P., Jasinski J.
Determining the vibration emissions from percussive hand tools - Feasibility of a mechanical system for the substitution of human subjects
Détermination de l'émission vibratoire d'outils manuels percutants - Faisabilité d'un système mécanique de substitution de personnes [in French]
Estimating the vibratory emissions of vibrating manual tools in the laboratory calls for methods that require human subjects to handle these tools under well-defined conditions. The recruitment, availability and training of these individuals, as well as the variations in the results attributable to their different biodynamic characteristics, are all factors that make such tests difficult. This report describes a project to evaluate the feasibility of using a mechanical system rather than human subjects, thus simplifying the application of the protocol for evaluating a type of percussive tool, namely chipping hammers. It was found that the tested substitution mechanism considerably reduces the variability in the test results and that it could serve as an effective replacement for the current standardized test method.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. ix, 27p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: CAD 10.60. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-486.pdf [in French]

2006

CIS 11-0197 Goglia V., Gospodaric Z., Filipovic D., Djukic I.
Influence on operator's health of hand-transmitted vibrations of a single-axle tractor
The operators of the single-axle tractors are especially exposed to hand-arm transmitted vibrations. These vibrations can cause complex vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, collectively named hand-arm vibration syndrome. Among these, the most common disorder is vibration-induced white finger (Raynaud's phenomenon). The vibration levels were measured in three tractor working conditions, namely idling, transportation and soil tillage. The frequency-weighted acceleration, given in m/s², was calculated. Findings are discussed with reference to daily exposure limits recommended by ISO 5349. Results showed that 10% of workers are exposed to a risk of vibration-induced white finger disorder of the hands after relatively short periods (3-4 years), if the tractor is used eight hours per day in soil tillage and transportation at full load. Considering the criteria of the ISO 5349, the daily working time with the single-axle tractor should be limited in order to protect the operator and work schedules should be arranged to include vibration-free periods.
AAEM - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2006, Vol.13, No.1, p.33-38. Illus. 21 ref.
Influence_on_operator's health.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-435 Phillips J.I., Nelson G., Ross M.H.
Preventing adverse effects of noise and vibration in the South African mining industry
This article describes the objectives of a South African national programme aimed at building awareness of the effects of noise and vibration in the mining industry. It will involve a review of existing knowledge, acquiring new knowledge and developing best practices in the following fields: hearing conservation; tools for rapid diagnostic screening of the hand-arm vibration syndrome; noise testing of rock drills; anti-vibration gloves; whole-body vibration; noise and vibration control.
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 2006, Vol.16, No.2, p.33-35. Illus. 14 ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/DBA20FBC-A6B8-437A-A31F-DE5D68473E99/0/africanews22006.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-1452 Machen F.
Bad vibes
Working with organizations to undertake health surveillance for hand-arm vibration syndrome is often a very challenging task for occupational health practitioners. This article proposes a five-step systematic approach: questionnaire survey of employees; appointment of a responsible person; review of the completed questionnaires; targeted assessment for employees declaring health effects; defining guidelines for objective testing.
Safety and Health Practitioner, Nov. 2006, Vol.24, No.11, p.65-67. Illus.

CIS 07-1457 Åström C., Rehn B., Lundström R., Nilsson T., Burström L., Sundelin G.
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper-limbs in professional drivers of terrain vehicles - A cross sectional study
This study compares the prevalence of symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs between professional drivers of terrain vehicles and a referent group not exposed to vibrations. 769 male professional drivers of various types of terrain vehicles and forest machines, and 296 randomly selected male referents completed a questionnaire on HAVS and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs. They also provided information on lifetime exposure to the driving of terrain vehicles and their tobacco use. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were determined and adjusted for age and nicotine use. Results show that there is a relation between the driving of terrain vehicles the symptoms of HAVS (POR 1.2-6.1). Increased risks of musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders and wrists were also found (POR 1.2-6.4) which appeared to be related to cumulative exposure time.
Applied Ergonomics, Nov. 2006, Vol.37, No.6, p.793-799. 17 ref.

CIS 07-1449 Sutinen P., Toppila E., Starck J., Brammer A., Zou J., Pyykkö I.
Hand-arm vibration syndrome with use of anti-vibration chain saws: 19-year follow-up study of forestry workers
In this follow-up study of a cohort of 52 forestry workers in Finland initiated in 1976, the prevalence of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and cumulative exposure to vibration were evaluated, with special emphasis given to numbness and musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities and the neck. Total exposure of hand-arm vibration was recorded during 11 cross-sectional surveys, the last of which was carried out in 1995. The lifetime dose of vibration energy was calculated. As a result of the increased use of anti-vibration chain saws, the prevalence of active vibration white finger (VWF) decreased significantly. However, that of numbness increased. Numbness did not follow the vibration exposure profile. Neck pain was present in 38% of workers and associated with low back pain. The effect of smoking on WWF was significant. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 2006, Vol.79, No.8, p.665-671. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 07-1167 Björ B., Burström L., Nilsson T., Reuterwall C.
Vibration exposure and myocardial infarction incidence: The VHEEP case-control study
The objective of this study was to assess the risk of contracting a first episode of myocardial infarction (MI) subsequent to vibration exposure and to assess a possible exposure-response relationship. The Vasternorrland heart epidemiology programme (VHEEP) was the source of the data. VHEEP is a population-based case-control study of risk factors for acute MI. Exposure information was collected by questionnaire and vibration exposure was assessed in 218 cases and 257 controls. Relative risks were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) from binary logistic regression. The results show that the OR of acute MI when exposed to vibration was 1.6. It was not possible, however, to determine whether an exposure-response relationship was present.
Occupational Medicine, Aug. 2006, Vol.56, p.338-344. 32 ref.

CIS 07-1166 Haataja I.
Noise and vibration
Special issue of the journal devoted mostly to noise and vibration problems in an occupational setting in the Asia-Pacific region. Articles cover: Noise-induced hearing loss and compliance with the hearing conservation programme in Malaysia (Ismail N.H., Elias A.); Communication and noise (Airo E.); Mechanization, vibration and the Indian workforce (Mandal B.B., Srivastava A.K.); Building a safety culture at workplaces for Vietnamese workers (Le V.T.); ICOH 2006 (a general report by Lehtinen S. and an overview on sessions dealing with noise by Starck J.); Bhopal revisited - the tragedy of lessons ignored (Rice A.); The Bhopal disaster in 1984 - working conditions and the role of trade unions (Eckerman I.); The Work Plan of the Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health (Lehtinen S.).
Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, July 2006, Vol.13, No.2, p.31-51 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl. ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/AF130282-A0AB-4439-8E3C-AFF55CDEF59F/0/AsianPacific_Nwesletter22006.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-1163 Rytkönen E., Sorainen E., Leino-Arjas P., Solovieva S.
Hand-arm vibration exposure of dentists
The vibration of 22 dental handpieces was measured with an accelerometer during normal work. The weighted vibration and the total acceleration of high frequency vibration in the frequency range of 1.6-10kHz were analysed. Non-contact vibrations were also measured during idling with a portable digital vibrometer, and the findings compared with those of the accelerometer. A group of 295 female dentists aged 45-63 years responded to a questionnaire on working conditions, lifestyle, and state of health. It was found that the daily vibration exposure of dentists was below the exposure action value of the Vibration Directive of European Union (CIS 02-24). However a long work history in dental filling and root treatment as well as high body mass index seem to be associated with frequent finger symptoms perceived as vibration-related by the dentists.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, June 2006, Vol.79, No.6, p.521-527. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 07-1161 Lavín Ortiz N., Ruperez Calvo M.J.
Current approaches to the study of vibrations and Royal Decree 1311/2005
El enfoque actual en el estudio de las vibraciones y Real Decreto 1311/2005 [in Spanish]
Royal Decree 1311/2005 transposes into Spanish legislation Directive 2002/44/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding workers' exposure to the risks arising from physical agents (vibration) (CIS 02-24). This article explains the approach adopted in other countries with respect to the study of vibrations and the prevention of exposure to vibrations. It also constitutes the basis for an analysis of the situation to be carried out by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Hygiene (INSHT) as part of its legal mandate.
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Dec. 2006, No.40, p.16-22. Illus.

CIS 07-915 Baffoin J.M.
Exposure of workers to vibrations - New European Directive 2002/44/EC
Exposition vibratoire des travailleurs - Nouvelle directive européenne 2002/44/CE [in French]
Only recently have the harmful effects caused by vibrations entered the scope of regulatory action. The benchmark regulation is European Directive 2002/44/EC, transposed into French legislation in 2005. This article comments on the main provisions of the directive. Contents: physical effects (vibrations transmitted to the hand-arm system and to the whole body); threshold limit values; vibration measurement; preventive measures.
Revue Technique Apave, Jan.-Mar. 2006, No.313, p.10. Illus.

CIS 07-691 Hartdegen R.
Directive 2002/44/EC on vibrations - A challenge for operators and manufacturers of earthmoving equipment
Die Vibrationsrichtlinie 2002/44/EG - eine Herausforderung für Betreiber und Hersteller von Erdbaumaschinen [in German]
Directive 2002/44/EC on vibrations (see CIS 02-24) sets minimum requirements for the protection of operators of earthmoving equipment from vibration and requires that employers evaluate the vibration exposure of the operators. The manufacturers of earthmoving equipment are required to supply the necessary data. This summary of Report ISO DTR 25309 of 2006 provides instructions on how to determine the daily vibration exposure on earthmoving equipment such as bulldozers, loaders, dredgers, scrapers and soil compacting equipment. It describes an extensive and a simplified method for calculating the daily vibration exposure.
Tiefbau, Fachzeitschrift der Berufsgenossenschaft der Bauwirtschaft, 2006, Vol.118, No.9, p.488-492. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 07-685 Ben Laiba M.
Noise and vibration: Impacts and prevention strategies
Bruit et vibrations: impacts et stratégies de prévention [in French]
Proceedings of a conference on protection against noise and vibration at the place of work held in Tunis, Tunisia, from 23 to 25 May 2006. Topics addressed: efforts undertaken by Tunisia; commitment of the ILO with respect to occupational safety and health; physical and standardization aspects of injury-causing noise; approach for the diagnosis of deafness caused by occupational factors; health effects of noise exposure; viewpoint of the Tunisian national occupational safety and health institution; compensation of occupational diseases caused by vibration in Tunisia; medical supervision of workers exposed to noise.
SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, July 2006, No.38, p.2-36. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 07-443 Marcotte P., Boileau P.E., Rakheja S., Aldien Y., Boutin J.
Controlling hand-arm vibrations produced by the operation of vibrating portable tools: Consideration of the human interface and biodynamic behaviour
Contrôle des vibrations main-bras engendrées par l'opération d'outils portatifs vibrants - Considérations de l'interface humaine et comportement biodynamique [in French]
The aim of this study was to establish the foundations for the development of models that can be used to effectively reproduce the dynamic behaviour of a vibrating hand tool and the hand-arm system by taking into account the effect of variations in the gripping and thrust forces applied to the handle, the subject's posture, the configuration of the handle and the amplitude of the vibrations. This study characterized the effect of these different parameters on the hand-arm system's biodynamic response and established mathematical relationships between the gripping and thrust forces and the contact force at the hand-handle interface.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006. x, 55p. Illus. 48 ref. + CD-ROM. Price: CAD 10.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-467.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-470 Okunribido O.O., Magnusson M., Pope M.
Delivery drivers and low-back pain: A study of the exposures to posture demands, manual materials handling and whole-body vibration
Drivers are exposed to risks of low-back pain from work postures, manual handling and vibration. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about driving experience, sitting posture, manual handling and health history from 64 drivers in short-haul delivery jobs. Twelve workers were also observed and videotaped during their work, and vibration measurements were obtained for three types of delivery vehicles. Results indicate that delivery vehicles generate acceptable levels of average acceleration. However, transient (lasting less than a week) low-back pain was found to be prevalent among the drivers. Systematic observation of driving activity and manual handling is necessary alongside questionnaire assessments if exposures are to be accurately characterized.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Mar. 2006, Vol.36, No.3, p.265-273. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 07-193 Cherniack M., et al.
Nerve conduction and sensorineural function in dental hygienists using high frequency ultrasound handpieces
Oscillatory vibration from industrial power tools poses a well-recognized risk of peripheral nerve injury. There have been reports of elevated vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPT) among dentists, dental technicians, and dental hygienists, using rotary devices and ultrasonics. Elevated VPTs are an indicator of small fibre nerve or mechanoreceptor injury. This cross-sectional study of 94 experienced dental hygienists was conducted to assess peripheral nerve function and clinical signs and symptoms. Testing included measurement of VPTs for three different categories of mechanoreceptors, sensory nerve conduction tests with fractionated digit and palmar segments, and measurement of calibrated pinch force. A high level of paraesthesia was observed among dental hygienists. This and other findings are discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2006, Vol.49, No.5, p.313-326. 43 ref.

CIS 06-1111 Duguay P., Massicotte P.
Occupational injuries related to hand-arm vibration in Quebec, 1993 to 2002: Part I - General picture based on CSST computer data
Lésions professionnelles reliées aux vibrations mains-bras au Québec, 1993 à 2002: Partie I - Portrait général à partir des données informatiques de la CSST [in French]
This study involved an analysis of compensation files submitted to the Quebec occupational safety and health committee (CSST) between 1990 and 2002 to evaluate the extent of the hand-arm vibration syndrome and to extract data to enable the targeting of the sectors with high risks and the most hazardous tools. It also identified current medical practices for assessing injuries and the degree of disability of workers suffering from hand-arm vibration syndrome. Thus, it provides occupational health professionals with data to support decisions concerning intervention in hazardous settings and to identify exposed populations and the most effective interventions.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006. x, 37p. 14 ref. Price: CAD 6.42. Downloadable version (pdf format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-446.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-943 Gazsi M., Roll R., Picard D., Ellart J.L., Liard A.
Vibration: The deferred hazard
Vibrations: le risque différé [in French]
For construction industry workers, exposure to vibrations constitutes a major source of occupational accidents and diseases. To limit these effects, the transposition into French legislation in July 2005 of the vibration directive 2002/44/EC (see CIS 02-24) imposes new demands on employers. They are required to carry out an exposure evaluation and assess whether permissible levels are exceeded, in which case they are required to use new equipment and implement new methods of work time organization. This special feature describes the sources and health effects of vibration in the construction industry and examines legal requirements for vibration control.
Prévention BTP, Mar. 2006, No.83, p.37-45. Illus.

2005

CIS 08-688 Scarlett A.J., Stayner R.M.
Health and Safety Executive
Whole-body vibration on construction, mining and quarrying machines: Evaluation of emission and estimated exposure levels
This study was conducted to quantify whole-body vibration (WBV) emission and likely operator daily exposure levels associated with the normal operation of various types of machines used in the construction, earthmoving, quarrying and mining industries. WBV measurements were made on 16 machines to provide representative samples of WBV time-histories. Vibration frequency analysis and direct observation provided information on the potential for reducing operator WBV exposure in each instance, by appropriate selection and use of suspended seats. It was found that the most important factors in controlling/reducing operator exposure to WBV were adequate information and appropriate training in best practices. Maintenance of haul roads and other operating surfaces can also help to reduce machine WBV levels, but only if vehicle travel speeds are controlled.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. x, 163p. Illus. 3 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr400.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-448 Malchaire J.
Whole-body vibration
Vibrations de l'ensemble du corps [in French]
Globale lichaamstrillingen [in Dutch]
New Belgian and European regulations on vibrations require that each enterprise avoid or minimize workers' exposures to this risk factor. Aimed at employers, safety and health consultants, members of safety and health committees and occupational physicians, this guide presents a four-step safety and health approach involving screening, observation, analysis and expertise, which should allow to better avoid and address the hazards related to whole-body vibration. It includes a series of sheets aimed at helping carry out the observation, analysis and expertise phases of the approach.
Service public fédéral, Emploi, travail et concertation sociale, rue Ernest Blériot 1, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium, Jan. 2005. 79p. Illus. 28 ref.
http://www.emploi.belgique.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=3860 [in French]
http://www.werk.belgie.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=3860 [in Dutch]

CIS 07-1174 Toward M.G.R., Gunston T.P., Griffin M.J.
Health and Safety Executive
Evaluation of whole-body vibration exposures in British industry
This study involved the measurements of whole-body vibration on eight excavators and two compact skid-steer loaders. Of the excavators, four were fitted with impact hammers, two with hydraulic crushers, one with a backhoe shovel and one with steel shears. Accelerations were measured on the seat surface and on the floor within the operators' cabs of the machines in accordance with the ISO 2631 (1997) standard. The data have been evaluated in the context of the levels set out in the European Union Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive (2002/44/EC). The report provides predicted daily vibration exposure for each machine. The effects of machine operation and other parameters on the vibration exposures are also considered.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. viii, 79p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr377.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-200
Health and Safety Executive
Whole-body vibration - The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
This document contains in-depth guidance on the requirements of the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (see CIS 06-1260) as they relate to whole-body vibration. Part 1 of sets out the text of the Regulations and explains their meaning, while Part 2 is a practical guide for employers covering the following aspects: risk assessment; estimating vibration exposure; controlling risks; arranging health monitoring; duties of machine manufacturers; obtaining competent help for the assessment and control of risks.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. iv, 60p. 29 ref. Price: GBP 10.95.

CIS 06-1260 Health and Safety - The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations implement in Great Britain the provisions of EC Directive 2002/44/EC (see CIS 06-253). Daily exposure limit values and daily action values are: for hand-arm vibration - exposure limit: 5m/s² A(8), action value: 2.5m/s²; for whole body vibration: exposure limit: 1.15m/s² A(8), action value: 0.5m/s² A(8). Contents: assessment of the risk to health created by vibration at the workplace; elimination or control of exposure to vibration at the workplace; health surveillance; information, instruction and training; exemption certificates for emergency services and air transport. In schedules: vibration level calculation methods.
TSO Online Bookshop, https://www.tsoshop.co.uk/, 2005. 11p. Price: GBP 3.00.
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20051093.htm [in English]

CIS 06-1449
Health and Safety Executive
Hand-arm vibration - The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
This publication explains to employers and occupational health professionals what they need to do to reduce and control the risks from hand-arm vibration under the United Kingdom Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 (see CIS 06-1260). It includes guidance on: assessing vibration risks and developing an action plan for control; practical control of vibration exposure and risk; information from manufacturers and suppliers of machinery; health surveillance for hand-arm vibration syndrome; technical guidance for health and safety advisors and specialists; guidance on health surveillance for occupational health professionals.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2005. iv, 142p. Illus. 60 ref. Price: GBP 13.95.

CIS 06-753 Ordinance No.22/2005 (24 June) of the Minister of Health concerning the minimum occupational health and safety requirements of employees exposed to vibration [Hungary]
Az egészségügyi miniszter 22/2005. (VI. 24.) rendelete a rezgésexpozíciónak kitett munkavállalókra vonatkozó minimális egészségi és munkabiztonsági követelményekről [in Hungarian]
Regulation issued under the authority of Act No.93 of 1993 concerning occupational safety and health (CIS 04-5). It implements in Hungary the provisions of European Directive 2002/44/EC (CIS 02-24). Contents: definitions of hand-arm and whole-body vibration; exposure limits (hand-arm vibration: 5m/s² for 8h daily exposure limit and 2.5m/s² for 8h daily exposure action value; whole-body vibration: 1.15 and 0.5m/s², respectively); obligations of employers (risk determination and assessment, provisions aimed at avoiding and reducing exposure, information and training of workers, worker consultation and participation); miscellaneous provisions (health surveillance, derogations).
Magyar Közlöny, 24 June 2005, No.85, p.4280-4284.
http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A0500022.EUM [in Hungarian]
http://www.magyarkozlony.hu/nkonline/MKPDF/2005/MK85.pdf [in Hungarian]

CIS 06-935 Lin W., Chunzhi Z., Qiang Z., Kai Z., Xiaoli Z.
The study on hand-arm vibration syndrome in China
The findings of epidemiological and clinical studies on hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in China are summarized. HAVS was reported from almost all provinces. The prevalence of vibration while finger (VWF) ranged from 2.5% to 82.8% in workers using vibrating tools and results confirmed the exposure-response relationship between prevalence of VWF and intensity and duration of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Diagnostic criteria of HAVS were established and implemented in 1985, and established as a national standard for occupational health in 2002. The threshold limit value of vibration exposure is 5.0m/s² as energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration for a period of 4h.
Industrial Health, July 2005, Vol.43, No.3, p.480-483. 10 ref.
http://www.h.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/2005/pdf/43-3-12.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-934 Nelson C.M., Brereton P.F.
The European vibration directive
The European Union adopted a Directive in 2002 on minimum requirements for the health and safety of workers exposed to vibration (see CIS 02-24). It builds on existing general employers' duties to manage risks to health and safety, and introduces exposure action and limit values for both hand-arm vibration and whole-body vibration, setting minimum standards for the control of vibration risks across Europe. New Regulations on Vibration at Work were introduced in Great Britain on 6 July 2005 to implement the Directive. This article comments on the requirements of the Directive and on the implementation and potential impact of the new Regulations in the UK.
Industrial Health, July 2005, Vol.43, No.3, p.472-479. Illus. 15 ref.
http://www.h.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/2005/pdf/43-3-11.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-533 Engel Z., Piechowicz J., Pleban D., Stryczniewicz L.
Vibroacoustic industrial risk minimization: Handbook
Minimalizacja przemysłowych zagrożeń wibroakustycznych: Poradnik [in Polish]
This handbook describes methods for reducing vibroacoustic risks in industrial workplaces. Includes methods for the acoustic assessment of machines, details of silencers and other protective measures and a list of regulations and standards.
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland, 2005. 206p. Illus. 66 ref.

CIS 06-423 Boileau P.E., Boutin J., Rakheja S., Politis H.
Evaluation of the whole-body vibration exposure of Montreal subway operators and study of the dynamic behaviour of cars and their suspension system
Evaluation de l'exposition aux vibrations globales du corps des opérateurs du métro de Montréal et étude du comportement dynamique des motrices et de leur système de suspension [in French]
Montreal subway drivers complain about the confined space, uncomfortable seats and exposure to vibration, which suggests that the ergonomic constraints and vibration pose health risks such as musculoskeletal disorders. As part of an ergonomic study, this project defined the vibrational stresses to which these workers are exposed, characterized the vibration environment of the cars, identified the operational factors likely to influence whole-body vibration exposure levels and finally, led to the development of seat suspension design criteria for reducing vibration.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. ix, 64p. Illus. 13 ref. Price: CAD 8.56. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-420.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-176 Gerhardsson L., Balogh I., Hambert P.A., Hjortsberg U., Karlsson J.E.
Vascular and nerve damage in workers exposed to vibrating tools. The importance of objective measurements of exposure time
The aim of this study was to compare the development of vibration white finger (VWF) in workers in relation to different methods of exposure estimation. Nineteen male grinding machine operators completed a questionnaire and were subjected to a structured interview on their estimated hand-held vibration exposure. Neurophysiological tests were carried out to determine fractionated nerve conduction velocity in hands and arms, vibrotactile perception thresholds and temperature thresholds. The subjective estimation of the mean daily exposure-time to vibrating tools was 192 min (range 18-480 min). The estimated mean exposure time calculated from the consumption of grinding wheels was 42min (range 18-60min). Results indicate that objective measurements of the exposure time generally provide a more reliable basis for exposure estimation than self-assessments of exposure.
Applied Ergonomics, Jan. 2005, Vol.36, No.1, p.55-60. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 06-175 Goglia V., Grbac I
Whole-body vibration transmitted to the framesaw operator
This article analyzes the results of measurements of whole-body vibration transmitted to framesaw operators during ordinary working days at one sawmill in Croatia. For all measurements, frequency spectra were obtained and represented according to the recommendations of ISO standard 2631-1-1986. The duration of each single framesaw operation was measured and the accelerations and energy-equivalent vibration levels were calculated. Results showed that framesaw operators are exposed to vibration levels in excess of the daily exposure limits established in the ISO standard.
Applied Ergonomics, Jan. 2005, Vol.36, No.1, p.43-48. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 06-13
Health and Safety Executive
Hand-arm vibration: Advice for employees
This pocket card provides advice for users of hand-held powered work equipment on controlling exposure to hand-arm vibration. It briefly describes health hazards (symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome), tools and equipment involving a risk and methods for reducing vibration.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. Folded card.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg296.pdf [in English]

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