Ionizing radiation - 1,185 entries found

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2003

CIS 03-1041 Atomic Energy and Radioactive Substances - The Nuclear Industries Security Regulations 2003 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations provide for the regulation of the civil nuclear industry for security purposes, in line with the provisions of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001. They prescribe certain types of radioactive materials as "nuclear material". In addition to providing for the security of nuclear premises, they regulate the safe transportation of nuclear material. In annex: classification of nuclear materials from the point of view of minimum quantities subject to regulation.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2003. (Also: TSO Online Bookshop, http://www.tso.co.uk/bookshop/). 22p. Price: GBP 4.00.
http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2003/20030403.htm [in English]

CIS 03-350 Guidance for filtration and air-cleaning systems to protect building environments from airborne chemical, biological, or radiological attacks
This document proposes preventive measures that building owners and managers can implement to protect building air environments from an airborne chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) terrorist attack. Main topics covered: filtration and air-cleaning principles; recommendations regarding filter and sorbent selection, operations, upgrade and maintenance; economic considerations (initial, operation and replacement costs, cost data). In appendices: description of CBR threats; gas-phase air-cleaning principles.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2003. xv, 62p. Illus. 66 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/2003-136.html [in English]

CIS 03-49 Law regulating the use of ionizing radiation sources [Peru]
Ley de regulación del uso de fuentes de radiación ionizante [in Spanish]
Base law on radiation protection for Peru. Contents: general provisions (including scope: all practices that may lead to exposure to ionizing radiation, as well as sources involved in such practices); bodies subject to authorization; inspection; authorization procedures; fees. In annex: glossary of terms.
El Peruano, 18 July 2003, XXIst Year, No.8426, p.248353-248355.

2002

CIS 08-1175 The radiological accident in Samut Prakarn
A serious radiological accident occurred in Samut Prakarn, Thailand, in 2000 when a disused cobalt 60 teletherapy head was partially dismantled, taken from an unsecured storage location and sold as scrap metal. At the junkyard, the device was further disassembled and the unrecognized radioactive source fell out, exposing workers. The accident came to the attention of the relevant national authority when physicians who examined several individuals suspected the possibility of radiation exposure from an unsecured source and reported this suspicion. Altogether, ten persons received high doses from the radioactive source, among who three died within two months of their exposure. Thai authorities requested advice from the IAEA on the medical treatment of the exposed people and invited the IAEA to assist in a review of the accident. This report compiles information about the medical and other aspects of the accident.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. 52p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: EUR 15.50. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1124_scr.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1174 The radiological accident in Gilan
In 1996 a serious accident occurred at a fossil fuel power plant in Iran, when a worker who was moving thermal insulation materials around the plant noticed a shiny, pencil-sized metal object and placed it in his pocket. He was unaware that the metal object was an unshielded source of iridium 192 used in industrial radiography. This report compiles information about the medical and other aspects of the accident. As a result of exposure to the iridium source, the worker suffered from severe haematopoietic syndrome and an unusually extended localized radiation injury requiring plastic surgery.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. 46p. Illus. 34 ref. Price: EUR 15.50. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1123_scr.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-932
Health and Safety Executive
Portable nuclear moisture/density gauges in the construction industry
This information sheet outlines the radiation risks associated with nuclear moisture/density gauges and provides guidance on the main safety measures. Contents: radiation risks; consultation with a radiation protection adviser; notification requirements; prior risk assessment; controlled areas; designation and monitoring of persons likely to exceed certain radiation doses; operator training; area monitoring; storage and location records; working on site; maintenance and cleaning; contingency plans; waste disposal. Replaces CIS 96-1474.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, rev. ed. Aug. 2002. 4p. 6 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/iris3.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-1207 Radiological protection for medical exposure to ionizing radiation
Protection radiologique relative à l'exposition médicale aux rayonnements ionisants [in French]
Dian li fu she yi liao zhao she de fu she fang hu [in Chinese]
Radiologičeskaja zaš@6cita pri medicinskom oblučenii ionizirujuščim izlučeniem [in Russian]
This safety guide prepared jointly by the IAEA, the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) provides recommendations on how safety requirements may be fulfilled for the protection of patients and visitors against exposure to ionizing radiation in medical practice. Recommendations cover the establishment of guidance levels for diagnostic medical exposures, acceptance-testing processes for radiation equipment, calibration of radiotherapy units and reporting of accidental exposures.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. 86p. 68 ref. Price: EUR 14.50. Downloadable version free of charge,
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1117c_web.pdf [in Chinese]
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1117_scr.pdf [in English]
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1117f_Web.pdf [in French]
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1117r_web.pdf [in Russian]

CIS 03-1359 Beck T., Brandmaier P., Ettenhuber E., Franke P., Gellermann R., Hentzschel R., Hermann E., Just G., Ludwig T., von Philipsborn H., Schraube H., Schwedt J., Weiß A., Weiß D.
Radiation exposure from natural sources: How much protection do we really need?
Strahlenexpositionen aus natürlichen Quellen: Eine neue Aufgabe für den Strahlenschutz? [in German]
The new provisions of Part 3 of the German Ordinance on protection against the effects of ionizing radiation (StrlSchV, see CIS 03-1042) limit for the first time exposures to natural sources of radiation. However, the scope of the ordinance is limited to occupational activities that could give rise to increases in radioactive contamination or to exposure to radiation. This collection of articles presents an overview of the requirements and the radioprotection measures applicable to the new areas concerned, with an emphasis on water treatment, radon-containing thermal springs and long-haul flights.
Strahlenschutz Praxis, 2002, Vol.8, No.4, p.3-45. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-1040 Health and Safety - The Packaging, Labelling and Carriage of Radioactive Material by Rail Regulations 2002 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations implement in Great Britain the provisions of Council Directive 96/49/EC (CIS 98-408) and Commission Directive 2001/6/EC. Contents: interpretation; determinations (radioactive materials, the transport index, the criticality safety index); duties (of consignors, train operators, consignees, operators of wagons and containers, and of designers of packages and manufacturers of packagings); approvals and notifications; quality assurance and training; security measures and emergency arrangements; keeping of information; exemption certificates. Annexes. S.I. 1996/2000 on the same subject (CIS 97-380) is revoked.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2002. (Also: TSO Online Bookshop, http://www.tso.co.uk/bookshop/). 30p. Price: GBP 6.00.
http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2002/20022099.htm [in English]

CIS 03-1358 Folkerts K.H., Franz A., Kiefer A., Hennersdorf G.
Investigations of the radiation exposure of staff and patients in cardiac catheterization laboratories and during vascular brachytherapy
Untersuchungen zur Strahlexposition von Beschäftigten und Patienten im Herzkatheterlabor und bei der vaskulären Brachytherapie [in German]
Interventional radiological measures can lead to high radiation exposures for medical staff. In order to determine radiation exposure to staff and patients, 52 measurements were made at a cardiac catheterization laboratory with a new dosimetry system. Besides the measurement of body dose behind the lead apron, measures of radiation were performed in front of the lead apron and at the physician's wrist. The patient's dose was also estimated. From the mean doses, the radiation dose per year for a physician performing 1000 interventions was determined to be 1.9mSv/year which is below the new limit of 20mSv/year. The results for vascular brachytherapy did not show significantly higher exposures.
Zeitschrift für Kardiologie, 2002, Vol.91, No.6, p.493-502. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 03-928 Johnson D.L., Phillips M.L.
UV disinfection of soluble oil metalworking fluids
The efficiency of a new high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) lamp for the disinfection of metalworking fluids (MWF) was investigated under laboratory conditions. Three dilutions of MWFs and water controls in a circulating system were injected with suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens to an initial concentration of about 10⁷ colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter and irradiated with a submerged UV lamp. Aliquots of the circulating fluid were withdrawn before irradiation and at 10min intervals. The samples were counted after 18-24h incubation. The concentration of CFU decreased by at least two logarithmic scales (>99% reduction in culturability) in all three dilutions of MWFs within 60min. The CFU concentration was stable over time in unirradiated samples. These results demonstrate that disinfection of MWFs by UV irradiation is feasible.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 2002, Vol.63, No.2, p.178-183. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 03-882 Libouton P.
Precepts and needs for long-term medical surveillance of workers exposed to ionizing radiation
Préceptes et nécessités de la surveillance médicale prolongée des travailleurs exposés aux rayonnements ionisants [in French]
This article addresses the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body, with an emphasis on carcinogenic effects. Taking into consideration the usually low levels of exposure, the increasing importance of individual co-factors and the expected scientific advances in genetics, the implementation of post-exposure medical follow up is recommended. Contents: scientific and epidemiological data; example of post-occupational medical surveillance as it is practiced in France; epidemiological surveys and occupational exposures; diseases caused by exposure to ionizing radiation; compensable occupational diseases caused by exposure to ionizing radiation in Belgium.
Médecine du travail & Ergonomie / Arbeidsgezondheitszorg & Ergonomie, 2002, Vol.XXXIX, No.4, p.169-174. 11 ref.

CIS 03-527 Cabinet Regulation No.149 of 9 Apr. 2002 - Regulations for protection against ionising radiation [Latvia]
Noteikumi par aizsardzību pret jonizējošo starojumu [in Latvian]
This regulation on radiation safety was issued under the Law on radiation safety and nuclear safety. Contents: general provisions; radiation safety and nuclear safety measures; calculation of radiation dose; ionizing radiation dose limits (general working population, young workers 16-18 years of age, in case of specially authorized exposure of workers, general population); protection of workers, apprentices and students against ionizing radiation; radiation safety and nuclear safety requirements for sources of ionizing radiation; protection of the population against ionizing radiation; protection against natural sources of ionizing radiation (in buildings, workplaces, water, construction materials and products); protection against artificial sources of ionizing radiation (in buildings, water, food, animal feed, air); protection measures for reduction of exposure.
Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 2002, No.11, p.83-107. Internet copy: 29p. (Latvian), 33p. (English).
http://www.likumi.lv/doc.php?id=61173 [in Latvian]
http://www.ttc.lv/New/lv/tulkojumi/E0343.doc [in English]

CIS 03-110 Guidance for protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biological or radiological attacks
This document provides guidance on preventive measures to be adopted by building owners and managers to protect air environments from a terrorist release of chemical, biological or radiological contaminants. These recommendations focus on short-term actions and are to be considered only as a first step of a process to develop more comprehensive guidance. Contents: scope; background; importance of understanding current building systems; specific recommendations (things not to be done; physical security; ventilation and filtration; maintenance; administration and training); decisions and measures.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, May 2002. vii, 28p. Illus. 16 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bldvent/pdfs/2002-139.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-406 International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection: Protecting workers against exposure to ionizing radiation
Proceedings of the International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection held in Geneva, Switzerland, 26-30 August 2002. More than 120 papers are included, grouped under the following themes: radiation risks in the workplace; regulatory infrastructure development; operational implementation of basic safety standards; monitoring of occupational radiation exposures; occupational radiation protection in medicine; occupational radiation protection in workplaces involving exposure to natural radiation; occupational radiation protection in industrial and research facilities; occupational radiation protection in nuclear facilities; probability of causation of occupational harm attributed to radiation exposure.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. x, 600p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-47 Federal Law No.1/2002 regarding the regulation and control of the use of radiation sources and protection against their hazards [United Arab Emirates]
Qānūn ittiḥādī raqm (1) li-sana 2002 fī ša'n tanṯīm wa raqāba istiẖdām al-maṣādir al-muši⁽⁽a wa al-wiqāya min aẖṭāriha [in Arabic]
This Law covers all uses of ionizing radiation, including occupational, medical and environmental settings. Contents: definitions; establishment of Competent Directorate and of a Radiation Protection Committee (RPC), responsible for the regulation, inspection and control of the uses of radiation sources, the preparation of emergency plans to respond to radiation emergencies and the provision of technical advice; requirement of approvals and licenses for all operations involving ionizing radiation sources; obligations of licencees for the protection of workers and the general public against the hazards of ionizing radiation.
Al-Jarīda Al-Rasmīya Al-Imārāt al ⁽Arabīyah al-Muttahidah, 2002, No.376, p.13-17. Internet versions: Arabic (7p.), English (4p.)
http://www.uae.gov.ae/moew/Arabic/a_federallaw.htm [in Arabic]
http://www.uae.gov.ae/moew/English/e_federallaw.htm [in English]

CIS 03-401 Rothmore P.
Lead aprons, radiographers and discomfort: A pilot study
The association between fatigue and ease of movement while wearing different configurations of lead aprons has not been widely studied. The main aim of this study was to make appropriate recommendations to staff working within an angiography suite with regard to the most appropriate choice of lead shielding. In a crossover study design, five radiographers (three women, two men) each wore three different configurations of lead aprons: a two-piece suit, a one-piece suit and one-piece suits with waist belts. They completed visual analogue scales on their perceived levels of discomfort and fatigue at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of patient procedural lists. Information on "ease of movement" was collected at T2 only. Statistical analysis revealed significantly greater levels of discomfort in the neck and lower back regions between T1 and T2 for subjects while wearing one-piece aprons, with a trend towards significantly greater discomfort in the thoracic region.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2002, Vol.18, No.4, p.357-366. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 03-408 Spinelli Gomes R.
Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego
Ambient working conditions and risks of X-ray exposure in the radiology department of a public hospital
Condições do meio ambiente de trabalho e riscos da exposição aos raios X no serviço de radiodiagnóstico de um hospital público [in Portuguese]
The objective of this study of the conditions of work in the radiology departments of public hospitals of São Paulo (Brazil) was to examine the conditions of use of X-ray equipment and the measures taken to limit exposures to radiation. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of radiology departments in São Paulo state. In a second phase, an evaluation of workers' risks of exposure and control measures was carried out in the radiology department of a large public hospital. This allowed to highlight the gaps that exist in radiology departments, both in terms of the equipment itself (absence of periodical maintenance, unsuitable use) and of the technical measures aimed at limiting workers' exposure. This work is illustrated by photographs of the equipment and radiological department premises.
Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2002. 139p. Illus. 44 ref. Price: BRL 15.00.

CIS 02-1906
Health and Safety Executive
Controlling health risks from the use of UV tanning equipment
This leaflet provides advice for operators of ultraviolet (UV) tanning facilities and their customers on minimizing the health risks of exposure to UV radiation. Health hazards include sunburn, skin irritation, conjunctivitis, premature ageing of the skin, skin cancer and cataracts. Reprint of CIS 96-339 with updated references.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Feb. 2002. 4p. 6 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg209.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-1530 Decree No.2002-1199 establishing the general principles of protection against ionizing radiation [Madagascar]
Décret n°2002-1199 fixant les principes généraux de la protection contre les rayonnements ionisants [Madagascar] [in French]
Didim-panjakana laharana faha-2002-1199 mamaritra ny foto- kevi-dehibe momba ny fiarovana amin'ny taratra mamorona iona [in Malagasy]
This decree establishes the conditions and standards of protection applicable to workers potentially exposed to ionizing radiation in the workplace. Workers below the age of 18yrs are not authorized to work in danger zones. Dose limits are: 20mSv per year (averaged over 5 consecutive years), 50mSv (in one year), 150mSv (equivalent yearly dose affecting the eye), 500mSv (equivalent yearly dose, affecting the limbs or the skin); special rules apply to pregnant women, students, apprentices and members of the public. Other aspects covered: basic principles of medical supervision (administrative, technical and medical measures; recording of results); surveillance of the health of the public; monitoring of equipment emitting radiation and/or radioactive substances. In annex (in French only): definitions of terms, technical expressions and measuring units.
Journal officiel de la République de Madagascar, 19 May 2003, No.2836, p.1514-1540.

CIS 02-1893 Boulay M.H., Soula M.C., Gauron C., Biau A.
Organization of radiation protection in health care establishments: Evaluation and observations in the Paris region
Organisation de la radioprotection dans les établissements de soins: évaluation et constats en Ile-de-France [in French]
The principles of radiation protection defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have been adopted into the regulations of many countries. This study was undertaken at the request of the Ministry of labour in order to establish the current situation with respect to radiation protection in the medical environment following the introduction of more stringent regulations. A questionnaire on radiation protection measures was addressed to medical establishments in the French region of Ile-de-France (the region around Paris), of which 180 responded. The main findings with respect to radiation protection organization, occupational physicians, classification of work areas, medical supervision and dosimetry surveillance are presented.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 2002, No.90, p.167-173. Illus. 27ref.

CIS 02-1905
Health and Safety Executive
A guide to the Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001
The Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001(REPPIR) implement the articles on intervention in cases of radiation emergency of Council Directive 96/29/Euratom in the United Kingdom. They lay down the basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the hazards from ionizing radiation. They apply to premises and to transport operations. This guidance aims to ensure the provision of information to the public in advance of situations where a radiation emergency might arise, and in the event of any such emergency. The full text of each regulation is reproduced, followed by guidance on their interpretation and implementation.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. vi, 150p. 44 ref. Price: GBP 20.00.

CIS 02-1946 Rydock J.P.
A simple method for tracer containment testing in hospital isolation rooms
This article describes a simple method for tracer containment testing of hospital isolation rooms using a portable gas chromatograph system. Results from tracer testing of two isolation rooms in two different hospitals are presented. One isolation room had a significant negative pressure differential between room and corridor, and the other isolation room was not at negative pressure. A small quantity of sulfur hexafluoride gas was injected manually in an isolation room. Tracer concentrations were thereafter measured in the corridor adjacent to the room at 5-minute intervals for 20 minutes after the injection, yielding a quantitative measure of leakage of the tracer from the isolation room. Finally, measuring the tracer concentration in the isolation room 30 minutes after injection yielded an indication of how effectively the ventilation system removed a contaminant released at the position of the bed. The results show that the method is well-suited for studying containment in hospital isolation rooms.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 2002, Vol.17, No.7, p.486-490. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 02-1053 Act of 11 July 2002 on protection against ionizing radiation and on nuclear safety [Slovenia]
Zakon o varstvu pred ionizirajočimi sevanji in jedrski varnosti (ZVISJV) [in Slovenian]
This is the main law on radiation protection, including provisions for dose limits, protection of exposed workers, and medical examinations. Special sections deal with the radiation protection of workers in the extractive industries and in construction, as well as with the disposal of radioactive waste.
Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 26 July 2002, Year XII, No.67, Text No.3234, p.7602-7635.

CIS 02-913 Optimization of radiation protection in the control of occupational exposure
The principle of optimization of radiation protection stipulates that all reasonable efforts be made to reduce doses, taking social and economic factors into account. Applying this principle necessitates considerable effort in practice. This safety guide provides practical information on how to apply the optimization of radiation protection in the workplace. The emphasis is on the integration of radiation protection into the more general system of work management, the involvement of management and workers in setting up a system of radiation protection, and the implementation of such a system.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. 66p. Illus. 30 ref. Price: EUR 19.00.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1118_scr.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-906 Grajewski B., Waters M.A., Whelan E.A., Bloom T.F.
Radiation dose estimation for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants
NIOSH is currently conducting health studies of female flight attendants. Exposures of interest include cosmic radiation. However, the data needed to estimate cumulative radiation dose are not found in work histories. An algorithm was developed to generate the required input data for the Federal Aviation Administration's radiation estimation software from work histories, and an evaluation was made as to whether the effects of cumulative radiation dose could be distinguished analytically from effects of circadian rhythm disruption. Selection of a study population flying predominantly North-South flights can provide the necessary distinction between radiation and time zone crossing exposures. The method developed will be useful for exposure assessment in cabin crew studies with relatively short study periods, (e.g., reproductive health studies) for which limited fight history details are generally available.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 2002, Vol.41, No.1, p.27-37. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 02-534 Act No.236 of 2002 on the safe use of nuclear energy [Bulgaria]
Zakon za bezopasno izpolzvane na jadrenata energija [in Bulgarian]
This law provides for all aspects of radiation safety, including the prevention of exposure to ionizing radiation in the medical field and the safe disposal of radioactive waste.
Dăržaven vestnik, 28 June 2002, No.63, p.1-29.
http://www.bgpage.info/Normakt/Zakoni/view14.asp [in Bulgarian]

CIS 02-533 Decree No.41- Regulation of radiation protection and safety [El Salvador]
Decreto No.41 - Reglamento especial de protección y seguridad radiológica [in Spanish]
The Regulation issued by this Decree covers the following types of exposure to ionizing radiation: occupational exposure, medical exposure, exposure of the general public, and potential exposures. Contents: setting up of a specialized government authority called Unidad Reguladora y Asesora de Radiaciones Ionizantes (UNRA); issuing of permits for activities involving ionizing radiation; basic requirements of radiation protection; requirements of radiation protection personnel; radiation protection in the workplace; exposure limits; radiation protection in a medical setting; protection of the public; problems of potential exposure; emergency procedures; penalties for non-compliance; concepts and definitions necessary for the implementation of the Regulation.
Diario Oficial de la República de El Salvador, 18 Mar. 2002, Vol.354, No.53, p.67-93.
http://www.mspas.gob.sv/ley_salud14.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 02-25 Royal Order of 2 Apr. 2002 modifying Royal Order of 25.4.1997 concerning the protection of workers against the hazards of ionizing radiation [Belgium]
Arrêté royal du 2 avril 2002 modifiant l'arrêté royal du 25.4.1997 concernant la protection des travailleurs contre les risques résultant des rayonnements ionisants [Belgique] [in French]
Koninklijk besluit tot wijziging van het koninklijk besluit van 25.4.1997 betreffende de bescherming van de werknemers tegen de risico's voortkomende uit ioniserende straling [in Dutch]
This Order modifies the basic 1997 Order related to radiation protection (see CIS 97-1427). It transposes into Belgian legislation those provisions of Directive 90/641/Euratom (see CIS 94-18) on radiation protection in controlled areas that have not been transposed before. It includes matters related to: certified occupational physicians (definition, role); obligations of outside contractors; role of the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control; creation of a central dose registry for Belgium; roles of various other organisms concerning radiation safety. In annex: particulars of the Belgian Radiological Passport for Outside Workers.
Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 20 June 2002, 172nd Year, No.207, p.28382-28393. Illus.
http://meta.fgov.be/pdf/pk/nlkff01.pdf [in Dutch]
http://meta.fgov.be/pdf/pk/frkff01.pdf [in French]

2001

CIS 08-1176 The criticality accident in Sarov
In 1997 a critical accident occurred at the Russian Federal Nuclear Centre in the town of Sarov, about 400 km east of Moscow. The accident happened in a routine manipulation of the components of an assembly of highly enriched uranium. The overexposed man, a skilled technician, died 66h later from the effects of his exposure, despite prompt and intensive medical management. This report describes the immediate response to the emergency, the medical management of the patient, the various technical aspects of the accident, including the actions taken to return the facility to a safe condition, and the lessons to be learned from this accident.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2001. 46p. Illus. 35 ref. Price: EUR 15.50. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1106_scr.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-15 Laser safety 2.0 - Training software for your safety with lasers
Lasersicherheit 2.0 - Die Schulungssoftware für Ihre Lasersicherheit [in German]
This CD-ROM provides a tool for training in laser safety. It enables users to acquire a basic understanding of this topic, namely: principles of the functioning of lasers; risks posed by the interaction of lasers with human tissue; classes of lasers; protective measures; responsibilities of employees. A simple test enables users to determine whether they have acquired the essential knowledge concerning laser safety. The CD-ROM also contains approximately 40 Power-Point slides that can be edited to make training presentations on the topic of laser safety.
Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany, 2001. CD-ROM (needs Pentium min. 100 MHz, Windows 95, 98, ME, NT or 2000, 64 MB RAM, CD-ROM drive min. 16x, optimal resolution 1024x768, Internet browser, Macromedia Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player or REAL Player). Price: EUR 32.50.

CIS 04-205 Pascual Benés A., Gadea Carrera E.
Radioactive facilities: Definition and operating standards
Instalaciones radiactivas: definición y normas para su funcionamiento [in Spanish]
This information note consists of an update of the note analysed under CIS 96-1035, taking into account the new Spanish Regulations on radioactive and nuclear facilities (RD 1836/1999, see CIS 04-23). Contents: definition and classification of nuclear facilities and the types of approvals required; definition and classification of radioactive facilities and types of approvals required; inspection of nuclear and radioactive facilities; approvals and qualifications required for personnel; duties and responsibilities of personnel; contents of the operations records; requirements with respect to archiving the documentation; other activities subjected to regulations.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2001. 6p. Illus. 7 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/ntp/ntp_589.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1525 Royal Decree No.783/2001, of 6 July, approving the Regulations concerning health protection against ionizing radiation [Spain]
Real Decreto 783/2001, de 6 de julio, por el que se aprueba Reglamento sobre protección sanitaria contra radiaciones ionizantes [España] [in Spanish]
These regulations provide for the protection of workers and the general public against the dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation. They implement in Spain the provisions of EURATOM directives 80/836 (CIS 81-95), 84/467 (CIS 85-90) and 90/641 (CIS 94-18). Contents: general provisions (aims of the regulations, administrative authorities and organs); justification, optimization and dose limitation for all activities involving ionizing radiation; effective and equivalent dose; basic principles of operational protection for exposed workers, people undergoing training and students (principles of radiation protection, classification and delimitation of danger zones, classification of exposed workers, information and training, evaluation and application of radiological protective measures, exposure evaluation, health monitoring of exposed workers, protection standards for students and trainees); radiological protection of the population under normal circumstances; interventions; natural radiation sources; inspection; penalties for non-compliance. In annex: definitions; dose estimation in case of internal and external exposure; signalling of danger zones. Royal Decree No.53/1992 (see CIS 92-370) is revoked.
Boletín Oficial del Estado, 26 July 2001, No.178, p.27284-27393.
http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2001-07-26/pdfs/A27284-27393.pdf [in Spanish]
http://www.mtas.es/insht/legislation/RD/radiaciones.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1042 Ordinance concerning protection against the hazards of ionizing radiation [Germany]
Verordnung über den Schutz vor Schäden durch ionisierende Strahlen (StrlSchV 2001) [in German]
This Ordinance constitutes Article I of the Ordinance transposing into German legislation the provisions of Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation (see CIS 96-1943) and of Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM on health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in relation to medical exposures. Contents: protection of people and the environment against radioactive substances and ionizing radiation used for work activities; requirements for the safe use of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation; protection of people and the environment against natural radiation present at work. In annexes: activities that do not require permits; documentation needed for the testing of newly proposed permits; threshold limits for various radioactive substances; exemptions; conditions for the certification of equipment using radiation; dosimetric quantities, units and factors; data for the evaluation of radiation dose; medical forms used in radiation protection; standard warning sign for radiation hazard; data for the hazard evaluation of the handling of radioactive waste; occupations where high levels of natural radiation can be expected; utilization and elimination of radioactive residues; prescribed information of the general public (in case of radiation emergencies); competent organizations in Germany for the monitoring of radiation emission and exposures.
Bundesgesetzblatt, 26 July 2001, No.38, Part I, p.1714-1836. Illus.
http://www.h-wie-herz.de/Recht/Strahlenschutzverordnung.pdf [in German]
http://217.160.60.235/BGBL/bgbl1f/b101038f.pdf [in German]

CIS 03-1357 Lim M.K.
Exposure of airline pilots and cabin crew to cosmic radiation during flight - what's the fuss?
After a survey of the physics of cosmic radiation (which is of the type of low-dose ionizing radiation) and of the regulatory framework, this review article examines the risk of exposure to such radiation by aircraft crew flying at high altitudes (>10,000m). It is estimated that pilots and cabin crew of long-range aircraft flying 1000 block-hours a year receive a cumulative radiation dose of 5-10mSv per year. The literature suggests that their increased risk of dying from cancer due to cosmic radiation is in the range of 0.1-5.0 per 1000, a small but not non-negligible risk when considering the general cancer mortality of 220 per 1000. The main experimental evidence for the actual damage caused by cosmic radiation is that of damage of the genetic repair mechanism in cells. Cohort studies of small samples of air crew have shown increased incidence of cancers of the breast, prostate and the skin (both melanoma and non-melanoma), as well as of leukaemia. The only practical preventive method is aircrew flight-time limitation (1000 hours per year on conventional aircraft is currently being practiced), as shielding is not feasible and flying at lower altitudes is very costly.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine - Singapore, Sep. 2001, Vol.30, No.5, p.494-498. 46 ref.

CIS 03-526 Act No.11/2001 of 12 Dec. 2001 establishing OSH policy matters related to ionizing radiation [Gabon]
Loi n°11/2001 du 12 déc. 2001 fixant les orientations de la politique de prévention et de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants [Gabon] [in French]
Contents of this law on radiation protection in the workplace (incl. mines), medical establishments and schools: scope; definitions; radiation safety organization from an organizational and technical perspective.
Hebdo Informations (Gabon), 23 Feb. 2002, No.451, p.22-23.

CIS 03-891
Health and Safety Executive
Control of radioactive substances
This information sheet aimed at users of radioactive substances who are subject to theIonising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99, see CIS CIS 00-617) and the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA93) outlines some areas of similarity between these two regulations. Topics covered: scope of the legislation; notification, registration and authorization; management responsibilities; accounting for radioactive substances; routine checks on source location; leak tests; keeping, moving and transporting radioactive substances; shipment of radioactive substances between European Union countries; managing incidents.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2001. 4p. 11 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/irp8.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-890
Health and Safety Executive
Selection, use and maintenance of portable monitoring instruments
The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99, see CIS 00-617) require employers to ensure that levels of ionizing radiation in controlled or supervised areas are adequately monitored. This information sheet aimed at employers gives guidance on the care and general maintenance of portable monitoring instruments and on the checks prior and after monitoring an area. Guidance on suitable monitoring instruments for different radiation sources and workplace applications are provided in tabular form.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov 2001. 5p. 6 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/irp7.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-410 Le Roy A.
Ionizing radiation
Les rayonnements ionisants [in French]
This concise reference document is aimed at providing the reader with the main French occupational hygiene and safety legal and regulatory requirements for the protection of workers who may be exposed to ionizing radiation. Contents: exposure limits; implementation of an overall framework of work organization; personal and technical measures of protection against radiations; monitoring. Appendices include the main relevant French regulations.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 3rd ed., July 2001. 49p. Illus.

CIS 02-1520 Ordinance of 23 May 2001 of the Regional Government relative to the conditions applicable to decontamination work sites for buildings and civil engineering works containing asbestos and to work sites where asbestos encapsulation takes place [Belgium - Brussels-Capital Region]
23 mai 2001 - Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale relatif aux conditions applicables aux chantiers de décontamination de bâtiments ou d'ouvrages d'art contenant de l'amiante et aux chantiers d'encapsulation de l'amiante [Belgique - Région de Bruxelles-Capitale] [in French]
23 mei 2001. - Besluit van de Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Regering betreffende de voorwaarden die van toepassing zijn op e werven voor de verwijdering van asbest in gebouwen en kunstwerken en op de werven voor de isolatie van asbest [in Dutch]
This Ordinance specifies safe working methods in the presence of asbestos during operations of decontamination and encapsulation. Contents: definitions; general precautions; safety measures; air quality, confinement zones and permissible air concentrations (at the air extractor level: 0.01 fibre/cm³, elsewhere outside the confinement zone: 0.01 fibre/cm³ above the level measured before the work started); waste disposal; disposal of waste water in public sewers; particular measures on sites of minimal importance. In annex: indicative list of applications in which friable and non-friable asbestos are used.
Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 12 July 2001, 171st Year, No.202, p.24072-24079.

CIS 02-537 Order of 28 Dec. 2001 of the Minister of Health and the Family, approving the Standard concerning the medical surveillance of people exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their work [Romania]
Ordin pentru aprobarea Normelor privind supravegherea medicală a persoanelor expuse profesional la radiaţii ionizante [in Romanian]
Contents of the standard approved by this Order: organization of medical supervision; medical classification of people with regard to their employability in jobs where they may be exposed to ionizing radiation; medical record keeping; medical supervision of personnel exposed to ionizing radiation.
Monitorul Oficial al României, 18 Jan. 2002, Year XIV, No.34, p.12-15.

CIS 02-905 Libouton P., Caroyer J.M., Buyse P.
Occupational diseases and ionizing radiation - Diseases recognized between 1932 and 1997 in Belgium
Maladies professionnelles et rayonnements ionisants - Affections reconnues de 1932 à 1997 en Belgique [in French]
This paper analyses the 169 cases that were recognized in Belgium as occupational diseases caused by ionizing radiation between 1932 and 1997. Most cases were haematological diseases (55.7%), 39% of which were malignant. 27 cases of radiodermatitis, eight cancers of the thyroid gland, seven cataracts, five cancers of the respiratory tract (3 of which were lung cancers) and one bone cancer were also recognized. This population consisted of 45% women and 55 % men, most of whom worked in the health care sector (68%).
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Apr. 2001, Vol.62, No.2, p.108-114. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 02-26 Ordinance of 31 Jan. 2001 concerning radiation protection applicable to non-medical installations that produce ionizing radiation [Switzerland]
Ordonnance concernant la radioprotection applicable aux installations non médicales de production de radiations ionisantes (Ordonnance sur la radioprotection dans l'utilisation d'installations) [Suisse] [in French]
Verordnung über den Strahlenschutz bei nichtmedizinischen Anlagen zur Erzeugung ionisierender Strahlung [in German]
Ordinanza del 31 gennaio 2001 sulla radioprotezione applicata agli impianti generatori di radiazioni ionizzanti utilizzati a scopi non medici (Ordinanza sulla radioprotezione degli impianti) [in Italian]
This ordinance (effective: 1 Apr. 2001) is issued in accordance with the provisions of the 1994 Ordinance on Radiation protection (see CIS 95-1573). Contents: scope of application (all non-medical installations capable of producing radiation with energy levels > 5keV, and equipment emitting parasitic radiation producing a dose of 1µSv/h at a distance of 10cm from the surface); measures concerning the safe operation of installations; layout and screening of installations; personal protection; maintenance and control. In annex: definitions; analyses of micro- and macro-structures; welding installations using electron beams.
Amtliche Sammlung des Bundesrechts - Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 27 Mar. 2001, No.12, p.922-933.
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/2001/922.pdf [in German]
http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/8/814.501.51.it.pdf [in Italian]
http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/as/2001/922.pdf [in French]

CIS 02-23 Ordinance No.2001-270 of 28 March 2001 concerning the transposition of community directives in the field of protection against ionizing radiation [France]
Ordonnance n°2001-270 du 28 mars 2001 relative à la transposition de directives communautaires dans le domaine de la protection contre les rayonnements ionisants [France] [in French]
This Ordinance integrates into French legislation certain provisions of directives 90/641/EURATOM (see CIS 94-18), 96/29/EURATOM (see CIS 96-1953) and 97/43/EURATOM. The changes are to the French Public Health Code and the Labour Code. The modifications involve definitions of exposure to ionizing radiation, responsibilities of employers and suppliers in connection with such exposure, notification and authorization procedures, training requirements, provisions for the protection of workers.
Journal officiel de la République française, 31 Mar. 2001, 133rd Year, No.77, p.5057-5061.
http://www.admi.net/jo/20010331/MESX0100025R.html [in French]

CIS 02-402 Rudnick S.N.
Predicting the ultraviolet radiation distribution in a room with multilouvered germicidal fixtures
A relatively inexpensive method to reduce transmission of airborne infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, consists in irradiating the upper part of a room with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To obtain a protection of workers in the lower part of a room from radiation, multilouvered UV germicidal fixtures, producing a horizontal beam, are used. In this article, a model is developed to predict the UV fluence rate at any location in the upper room for such fixtures and also total UV power emitted by the same.
AIHA Journal, July-Aug. 2001, Vol.62, No.4, p.434-445. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 02-408 Building competence in radiation protection and the safe use of radiation sources
This guidance document aimed at national regulatory agencies addresses training in radiation protection and safety aspects related to nuclear technologies. In particular, it covers the aspects of the categories of persons to be trained, the requirements for education, training and experience for each category, the process of qualification and authorization of responsible persons and proposed national strategies to be implemented for building these competencies.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2001. 37p. 16 ref.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1108_scr.pdf [in English]
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1108f_web.pdf [in French]

CIS 02-401 Bianchi N., Marasi G., Bagaglio A.
Evaluation of the risk of occupational exposure to non-ionizing radiation in the metallurgical working environment
Valutazione del rischio per esposizione professionale a radiazioni non ionizzanti nell'ambiente lavorativo di una azienda metalmeccanica [in Italian]
In the metal engineering industry there are risks related to non-ionizing radiation emitted by various pieces of work equipment. It is essential to measure and record personal doses of exposure. Information and training of personnel and the specific observation of critical groups of workers are also of fundamental importance. The following kinds of exposure are treated in detail: static electromagnetic fields; extremely low-frequency radiation; radiofrequency and microwave radiation.
Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 2001, Vol.92, No.5, p.338-344. 11 ref.

CIS 01-1594 Guidelines on Protection of Radiation Impacts - Decree of the Minister of Health No.1217/MENKES/SK/XI/2001 dated Nov. 19, 2001 [Indonesia]
Translation of a decree establishing basic guidelines for the monitoring of activities involving ionizing and non-ionizing radiation at above permitted radiation levels. It also foresees appropriate early warning actions, data gathering, coordination of intervention teams, and training and supervision of qualified radiation safety personnel.
Business News (Indonesia), 13 Feb. 2002, Year 46, No.6725/6726, p.3A-6A.

CIS 01-1810 Brune D., Hellborg R., Persson B.R.R., Pääkkönen R.
Radiation at home, outdoors and in the workplace
More than 20 Scandinavian experts contributed to this publication, which reports on the current state of knowledge with respect to all types of radiation and its possible health effects. Contents include: ionizing radiation (biological effects, risk factors, cancer); non-ionizing radiation (lasers, visible light, UV and IR, microwaves and radio-frequency waves); mechanical waves (sound); natural and man-made radiation (cosmic rays, radiation in the earth's biosphere, radiation in oceans, radioactivity); effects of visible light, UV radiation and electromagnetic radiation on plants; radiation in residential areas (electromagnetic fields, radon); radiation used in medical therapy (X-rays, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, microwaves, radio-electrical frequencies, NMR); various kinds of radiation to which workers may be exposed and associated hazards; exposure to radon in mines; genotoxic effects and congenital malformations; cordless phones; outdoor work and leisure activities (beneficial and harmful effects of UV and visible light; exposure during flight); radioprotection principles.
Scandinavian Science Publisher, Bakkehaugveinen 16, 0873 Oslo, Norway, 2001. xvi, 547p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 01-1817
Health and Safety Executive
Radon in the workplace
Under the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99, see CIS 00-617), employers are required to take preventive action whenever the level of radon at the work premises is above 400Bq/m³. This leaflet provides the addresses of organizations that can test radon levels and offer advice on appropriate remedial measures.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2001. 6p.

CIS 01-1816
Health and Safety Executive
The regulatory requirements for medical exposure to ionising radiation - An employer's overview
This guidance note is aimed at senior managers and clinicians of public and private hospitals, as well as at practicing physicians, chiropractors and dentists who use ionizing radiation. It provides an overview of their responsibilities under the Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 (IRR99, see CIS 00-617) and the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (IR(ME)R2000). The main provisions of these regulations involve the need for risk assessment, use of appropriate equipment, quality assurance programmes, training of employees and procedures for dealing with incidents.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2001. iv, 16p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: GBP 6.50.

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