Heat and cold - 949 entries found

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1984

CIS 93-1501 Misaqi F.L.
Heat stress in mining
Contents of this training manual: effects of heat stress on the body; how the body copes with heat stress; control of heat stress in mining; heat disorders and first aid to heat stress victims. Glossary of terms.
National Mine Health and Safety Academy, P.O. Box 1166, Beckley, WV 25802, USA, 1984. 32p. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 88-1347 Sköldström B., Holmér I.
Thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of different garments for forestry work
Värmeisolation och ångmotstånd hos olika typer av skogsarbetskläder [in Swedish]
Report of a test of two standard outfits with and without raincoats and two new prototype garments made of a new material, Gore-Tex. This new material is not permeable to liquid water, but it allows water vapour to pass through. Insulation was about the same for all suit combinations, but the vapour resistance was twice as large for standard garments with raincoat than for the other outfits. The Gore-Tex material had almost the same low water-vapour resistance as the standard suit, and can therefore be used over a wider temperature range than suits with raincoats.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 15p. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 86-986 Akinčev N.V.
General ventilation of workshops where heat is released
Obščeobmennaja ventiljacija cehov s teplovydelenijami [in Russian]
This guide includes technical information on the design of general ventilation systems for multi-bay hot workshops, with emphasis on the combination of natural and mechanical ventilation. Contents: main factors which determine the microclimate of workshops where large amounts of heat are released; characteristics of the temperature distribution in such workshops; natural ventilation (design of and regulation of vents, verifying design calculations for joint action of pressure differences due to heat and wind, natural ventilation during cold weather, etc.), mixed general ventilation (influence of mechanical ventilation on natural ventilation and ambient temperature, influence of air distributor height and air velocity on the workplace temperature, examples).
Izdatel'stvo Strojizdat, Kaljaevskaja 23, 101442 Moskva, USSR, 1984. 143p. Illus. 34 ref. Price: Rbl.0.45.

CIS 86-651 Weinrich W.
Effect of simultaneous thermal and acoustic stress on temporary auditory threshold shift (TTS₂)
Auswirkungen gleichzeitiger Hitze- und Schallbelastung auf die zeitweilige Hörschwellenverschiebung (TTS₂) [in German]
Ten male volunteers were subjected to 6 combinations of temperature and broadband noise: 24° or 35°C at sound pressure levels of 75, 85 or 95dB(A). Auditory thresholds were measured immediately before and 2min after a 70min exposure period. The temporary threshold shift produced by the noise was consistently higher (by 2.0-4.5dB) at the higher temperature.
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Nov. 1984, Vol.30, No.11, p.646-647. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 86-483 Jaakkola J., Smolander J., Louhevaara V., Tuomi T., Korhonen E., Korhonen O., Tossavainen A.
Physiological strain and the tightness of gas protective clothing
Kaasunsuojapukujen fyysinen kuormittavuus ja suojausteho [in Finnish]
5 gas suits and 6 other protective suits were tested in an exposure chamber containing toluene vapour. Subjects performed body movements to generate positive and negative pressures inside the suits. Maximum leakages of the 4 ventilated gas suits were low (<0.03-0.5%). Body movements caused no detectable change in leakage. The leakage of the nonventilated gas suit was 0.7%, with small concentration peaks when the test person moved. Leakage of 2 lightweight gas suits ventilated with exhaled air was 5.0-5.8%; leakages of the other 4 suits reached 21-36%. In measurements of the thermal insulation characteristics of 8 suits, clo-values of 1.08-1.30 were obtained, with little difference between gas and other suits. Normal ventilation had little effect if underclothing was dry. Forced ventilation reduced clo-values by 0.21 units. In physiological tests, the wearing of a chlorine suit with a self-contained breathing apparatus increased cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain. At the higher of the 2 work levels tested, ventilation had no significant effect on physiological strain.
Työterveyslaitos, Laajaniityntie 1, 01620 Vantaa 62, Finland, 1984. No.208. 54p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: Fm.35.00.

CIS 86-204 Hettinger T., Eissing G., Hertting R., Steinhaus I.
Workload and stress due to the wearing of personal protective equipment
Belastung und Beanspruchung durch das Tragen persönlicher Schutzausrüstungen [in German]
Vol. 1 describes the physiological effects of the wearing of special underclothing, work clothes, rain gear and heat-protective clothing under neutral climatic conditions: energy expenditure, heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, water vapour tension above the skin and sweat rate. Vol. 2 reports the results of physiological experiments on underclothing and on fire- and heat-protective garments worn during exposure to thermal radiation. Vol.3 reports spirometric and other physiological data for respiratory protection (full-face masks with dust or CO cartridges or compressed air supply) worn under climatically neutral conditions. These studies used new or modified methods. Criteria are offered for the selection of equipment on the basis of comfort and protection.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Postfach 170202, 4600 Dortmund 17, Federal Republic of Germany, 1984. 3 Vol. 407, 125 and 123p. Illus. 150 ref. Price: DM.43.00, 19.00 and 19.00.

CIS 86-67 Hubač M.
Optimum microclimate conditions in dependence on the intensity of physical work
The following criteria were determined for an optimal microclimate in the metabolic heat range (q_m) 50-170W/m²: temperature equilibrium should be maintained, the intensity of sweating should not exceed the value of the corresponding required evaporation heat, the water vapour pressure should be in the range 0.8-1.6KPa and the degree of skin moisture should not be higher than 50%. On this basis two nomograms were constructed which facilitate the definition of microclimatic parameters corresponding to thermal comfort.
Scripta Medica, 1984, Vol.57, No.6, p.341-346. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 86-65 Luštinec K.
Moderate thermal environments - physiologic and hygienic criteria
Experimentally based and practical nomograms for physiological and hygienic evaluation of moderate thermal environments are presented and compared with other criteria used in the literature.
Scripta Medica, 1984, Vol.57, No.5, p.295-297 + unnumbered plates. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 86-64 Von Hertting R., Hettinger T., Eissing G.
The influence of protective clothing on strain caused by work performed while exposed to radiant heat
Einfluss von Schutzkleidung auf die Beanspruchung des Menschen bei Arbeit unter Wärmestrahlungsexposition [in German]
Research in a climate chamber involving 5 persons walking on a treadmill wearing either normal or heat protective clothing. Parameters measured: energy expenditure, heart rate during work, skin temperature, rectal temperature and sweat rate. Under normal climatic conditions, heat strain was a function of the weight of clothing worn. When exposed to radiant heat, heat strain was lower when wearing protective clothing (protective effects of 22-70%) than when wearing basic clothing with little protection against heat.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, 1984, Vol.19, No.1, p.9-14. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 85-1994
(Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po standartam)
Self-contained heat protective coveralls - Technical requirements and methods of testing
Kostjum izolirujuščij avtonomnyj teplozaščitnyj - Tehničeskie trebovanija i metody ispytanij [in Russian]
This standard (effective 1 July 1985) applies to all self-contained insulating heat protective coveralls, used in different industrial sectors against high air temperatues and thermal radiation. Contents: technical requirements (insulating clothing with helmet, internal and external gloves, shoes and boots; life-support system; sizes; protection of workers during short-term (at least 20min) stays in temperatures up to 523K (250°C) and exposure to thermal radiation up to 5.6kW/m²; underwear conditions; average temperature of underwear: 15-30°C; temperature of respirable gas mixture: 5-33°C; heat resistance of coverall: not less than 0.8°C/m²/W; materials of external coat, hoses, etc.); methods of testing (testing of life-support systems, method for determining the heat resistance). The principle of operation of the life-support system is appended.
Izdatel'stvo standartov, Novopresnenskij per.3, 123840 Moskva, USSR, 1984. 9p. Price: Rbl.0.05.

CIS 85-1874 Gutiérrez García-Chico J.L
Work in the cold storage rooms of refrigerator ships
Trabajos en cámaras frigoríficas de buques congeladores [in Spanish]
Preventive methods discussed in this article: limitation of time spent in the cold storage rooms; personal protective equipment and clothing for this kind of work; safety measures to be adopted; pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of workers.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Oct.-Dec. 1984, Vol.31, No.124, p.21-27.

CIS 85-1594 Gutiérrez García-Chico J.L
Work in the cold storage rooms of refrigerator boats
Trabajos en cámaras frigoríficas de buques congeladores [in Spanish]
Survey of the various aspects of work in cold storage rooms. The associated health hazards are identified. A table presents the maximum amount of time spent at work for a given temperature (no limit for -1°C to -17°C; 5min/h between -56°C and -70°C). Protective clothing and other protective equipment are described, as are measures and equipment designed to prevent accidents (frostbite, exposure to refrigerating gases).
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Oct.-Dec. 1984, Vol.31, No.124, p.21-27.

CIS 85-1705 Alvarez Pascual E.
Grain-crop harvesters: study of health and safety risks
Maquinaria para cosechar granos: estudio de los riesgos higiénicos y de seguridad [in Spanish]
Identification of the major risks of grain-crop harvesters (noise, dust and heat). Other aspects covered: accident causes; safety standards, devices and procedures; personal protective equipment; recommendations.
Salud y trabajo, July-Aug. 1984, No.44, p.47-56. Illus.

CIS 85-1716 van Ackeren P., Engel K., Hüsig K.R., Pfrötschner G., Winzer G.
Progress in process technology and dust control in new blast furnace casting bays
Fortschritte in der Arbeitstechnik und Entstaubung der Giesshallen neuer Hochöfen [in German]
The use of tapping machines, of high-performance refractories for linings and of hydrodynamically designed runners has permitted the introduction of new working methods and the alleviation of work loads. Add-on dust control systems for casting bays are described. Fitting runners with covers designed for aspiration of emissions has the additional advantage of protecting workers from heat and splashes of molten metal and slag. Introduction of the measures described in the article has reduced both the frequency of accidents and operating costs.
Stahl und Eisen, 1984, Vol.104, No.11, p.551-556. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 85-1708 Ihno S.A., Zalesskij P.S., Kosenko A.F.
Operation of mobile compressor sets in mines
Ėkspluatacija rudničnyh peredvižnyh kompressornyh stancij [in Russian]
A temperature limiting device (DTR-3M) has been developed to prevent excessive temperatures and the ignition of oil and soot in mobile compressor sets operating under abnormal conditions in underground mines. The principle is based on the opening of contacts of sensing devices when the temperature exceeds 110°C, which results in switching off the electric motor. One such device monitors the throttle valve to prevent overheating of the oil and air mixture and the body of the compressor, and another one the pressure line to double the action of the temperature-sensing element.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Mar. 1984, No.3, p.39-40.

CIS 85-1768 Lablache-Combier B., Ley F.X.
Use of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in the evaluation of work load in a hot mining environment
Utilisation de l'enregistrement continu dans l'évaluation de la charge de travail des chantiers miniers chauds [in French]
Study of the slow-down of the heart rate due to heat in 22 workers of a potash mine. Description of the technique used in continuous electro-cardiographic monitoring; difficulties. Increase in the heart rate is related either to the work load or to heat load. Influence of these 2 factors on the heart rate and on blood pressure. The evaluation of the work load produced by a task is based on peaks in the acceleration of the heart rate as related to the basic heart rate during the work shift, and on the incidence of premature heart beats.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1984, Vol.45, No.5, p.323-332. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 85-1286 Ray R.D.
The theory and practice of safe handling temperatures
In experiments with 48 female subjects, surface and contact temperatures for 3 materials (aluminium, wood and phenol-formaldehyde plastic) were measured over a wide range (30-60°C), and subject reactions recorded on a 5-point comfort scale. The results are compared to those recommended in British standards.
Applied Ergonomics, 1 Mar. 1984, Vol.15, p.55-59. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 85-1285 Williamson D.K., Chrenko F.A., Hamley E.J.
A study of exposure to cold in cold stores
The effects of exposure to cold on skin-temperature and thermal sensations of 8 experienced men wearing protective clothing and working at -27°C were studied to assess the feasibility of deriving work recovery routines from experiments conducted in the actual working environment. Exposures of about 40% of the total time available were found to be acceptable under the usual working conditions, provided clothing rated at 5 to 6 togs was worn.
Applied Ergonomics, Mar. 1984, Vol.15, p.25-30. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 85-1284 Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal confort
Ambiances thermiques modérées - Détermination des indices PMV et PPD et spécification des conditions de confort thermique [in French]
The purpose of this international standard is (a) to present a method for predicting the thermal sensation and the degree of discomfort (thermal dissatisfaction) of people exposed to moderate thermal environments; (b) to specify acceptable thermal environmental conditions for comfort. It describes the determination of the predicted mean vote (PMV) and of the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). In an annex, comfort requirements are recommended for light sedentary activity during winter (22±2°C) respectively summer (24,5±1,5°C) conditions, and tables are given with metabolic rates of different activities, thermal resistance of clothing, and for the determination of PMV in relation to different activity levels.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 15 Aug. 1984. 19p. Illus.

CIS 85-1283 Cornuau J., Dupery M., Voge C.
Measurement of thermal comfort by the industrial physician
Mesure du confort thermique par le médecin du travail [in French]
Description and use, in an air-conditioned environment, of an electronic thermal environment index. Contents: parameters of thermal comfort; measuring apparatus; measurement method; study in 5 different enterprises (36 locations in all); evaluation of the study results.
Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 4th quarter 1984, Vol.24, No.96, p.29-39. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 85-1392
(Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po standartam)
Leather protective boots and shoes - Method for determining an attachment strength decrease coefficient of the bottom of shoes on exposure to high temperatures
Obuv' special'naja kožanaja. Metod opredelenija koefficienta sniženija pročnosti kreplenija detalej niza ot vozdejstvija povyšennyh temperatur [in Russian]
This standard (effective 1 July 1985) covers all types of leather boots and shoes with uppers attached by riveting and/or cementing, intended to protect from high temperatures (up to 200°C). The calculation of the attachment strength decrease coefficients of the bottom parts attached to uppers by different methods is given. Strength criteria are specified by reference to other USSR State Standards.
Izdatel'stvo standartov, Novopresnenskij per. 3, 123840 Moskva, USSR, 1984. 3p. Price: Rbl.0.03.

CIS 85-1282 Barkalaja A.I., Verhotin M.A.
Biochemical assessment of exposure to high and low temperature
K voprosu o biohimičeskoj ocenke vlijanija na organizm vysokih i nizkih temperatur [in Russian]
An elevated activity of H-subunits of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes was found in the blood serum of persons exposed to excessive heat. Heat in combination with physical work increases the activity of H-subunits and M-subunits of LDH isoenzymes and leads to the development of hypoxia in the myocardium and skeletal muscles. In workers exposed to excessive cold, there was a decrease in the activity of M-subunits of LDH isoenzymes in the skeletal muscles. The activity of LDH isoenzymes may be used as an indicator of the effectiveness of heating and cooling systems.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1984, No.3, p.31-34. 5 ref.

CIS 85-987 Wild M.
The thermal environment: hot environment, WBGT and stress analysis
Ambiance thermique: ambiances chaudes, WBGT et analyses de la contrainte [in French]
Continuation of articles abstracted under CIS 83-1588 and CIS 83-1589. Review of methods analysing moderate environments; aims and usefulness of analyses of the thermal environment. Determination of heat load and heat stress, characteristics of the environment in the presence of cold (using the Wind Chill Index - WCI) and in the presence of high temperatures (by the Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer - WBGT - index). Method for the calculation of heat stress.
Revue de la sécurité, Sep.-Oct. 1984, Vol.20, No.214, p.35-45. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 85-984 Working in a cold environment
Contents of this data sheet: wind chill factor; hypothermia; preventive measures and training; personal protective equipment and clothing; first aid.
Canada Safety Council, 1765 St. Laurent Bvd., Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3V4, Canada, 1984. 18p. 5 ref. Bibl.

CIS 85-683 White M.K., Ronk R.
Chemical protective clothing and heat stress
Description of the potential heat stress problems encountered by workers required to wear impervious clothing for protection against chemicals. Preventive measures and training programmes are presented.
Professional Safety, Dec. 1984, Vol.29, No.12, p.34-38. 37 ref.

CIS 85-674 Hohnsbein J., Piekarski C., Kampmann B., Noack T.
Effects of heat on visual acuity
Visual acuity of 9 subjects was measured with Landolt 'C' patterns during 3h of exposure to either a neutral control, a warm humid or a hot dry atmosphere. The luminance of the background was either 450 or 5cd/m². Rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded simultaneously as indicators of thermal strain. A significant loss of visual acuity, linearly correlated with thermal strain, was found in both lighting conditions.
Ergonomics, Dec. 1984, Vol.27, No.12, p.1239-1246. 18 ref.

CIS 85-677 Riley M.W., Cochran D.J.
Dexterity performance and reduced ambient temperature
The dexterity performance of 35 male and 35 female subjects wearing typical industrial worker apparel without gloves was examined at ambient temperatures of 1.7, 12.8 and 23.9°C using the Purdue Pegboard, two pencil-point tapping tasks, an assembly task and a fine manipulative task. There was no difference between performance at 12.08 and 23.9°C after 15min but there was a difference between performance at 1.7 and 12.8°C as well as between at 1.7 and 23.9°C. The decrement in performance at 1.7°C ranged from 0.3 to 15.7% when compared with performance at 23.9°C. In 5 of the 11 performance scores used, a difference due to gender was seen with the males performing better on an assembly task and the females performing better on single-activity, repetitive tasks. At 12.8 and 23.9°C the average of the minimum finger skin temperature for males was from 0.57 to 1.2°C higher than for females. At 1.7°C there was no difference between the groups for minimum finger skin temperature.
Human Factors, Apr. 1984, Vol.26, No.2, p.207-214. 10 ref.

CIS 85-380 Dinman B.D., Horvath S.M.
Heat disorders in industry. A reevaluation of diagnostic criteria
Using available data, estimates of heat-induced morbidity ranging between 0.12 and 1.4 cases per 1,000 man-years were calculated. A series of algorithms was developed for diagnosis of heat-induced syncopy, exhaustion and cramps to facilitate diagnosis of occupational heat stress disorders. A differentiation between heat-induced and heat-aggravated clinical states is proposed, and a heat disorder questionnaire with instructions for use is presented.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1984, Vol.26, No.7, p.489-495. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 85-80 White M.K., Ronk R.
Do you have a hot and/or strenuous job?
The need for fluid intake to prevent dehydration and associated reduction in performance and possible illness is discussed. Training is recommended to familiarise workers with the level and type of fluid intake which is required to replace loss of body fluids through sweating in hot environments or when wearing impermeable protective clothing.
Professional Safety, May 1984, Vol.29, No.5, p.27-29. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 84-2010 James R., Dukes-Dobos F., Smith R.
Effects of respirators under heat/work conditions
Physiological responses and perceived strain of 5 unacclimatised subjects, exposed to heat (25 and 43.3°C) while wearing half and full-facepiece air purifying respirators, were measured. Wearing a full-facepiece respirator increased the physiological strain more significantly than wearing a half-mask respirator. Changes in respirators to minimise respiratory dead space are suggested to alleviate the problem of decrease in worker tolerance of heat. Increased rest periods or shorter shifts are also recommended.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1984, Vol.45, No.6, p.399-404. 19 ref.

CIS 84-1885 Dick A.F.
Thermal loss in Antarctic divers
Report on a study of heat loss occurring during diving operations in Antarctic waters. The subjects were 2 scientists working for the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions. The diving sessions lasted 10-90 minutes, and were performed in waters within temperature ranges of -2°C to -0.5°C. Body temperature loss, as measured by taking the rectal temperature before and after each dive, never exceeded 0.8°C.
Medical Journal of Australia, 17 Mar. 1984, Vol.140, No.6, p.351-354. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 84-1748 Bovenzi M., Fiorito A.
Thermal comfort in a hospital
Comfort termico in ospedale [in Italian]
A study of the microclimate in a large hospital in Trieste, Italy. Various temperature indices were taken, and the staff's subjective evaluation of thermal comfort in the workplace was also analysed. Satisfactory thermal comfort conditions were found in most of the hospital, but 4 operating theatres had moderate thermal discomfort for at least some of the staff working there. The appropriateness of various indices is discussed, and more variation according to perceived need of working clothing is suggested.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1984, Vol.75, No.2, p.125-132. 5 ref.

CIS 84-1579 Rapp R., Salsi S., Aubertin G., Claude G.
Protective screens against radiant heat. Presentation of tests, criteria for choice
Ecrans de protection contre le rayonnement thermique. Bilans des essais, critères de choix [in French]
28 models of glass and metal screens used as protection against radiant heat in France were tested. The quality of screens was studied in 2 ways: overall protection against heat, characterised by the thermal conductivity and by the heat resistance of the screens; and eye protection, taking into consideration the type of use (determined for each model by the temperature and dimensions of the heat source), visual comfort and transparency. No ideal screen, offering full protection and perfect comfort in all situations, was found. Indications are given to the prospective user as to which screen is best suited to various conditions.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd quarter 1984, No.115, Note No.1476-115-84, p.179-191. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 84-976 Enander A.
Performance and sensory aspects of work in cold environments: a review
Review of research results on manual function and other performance measurements together with certain subjective effects relevant to work in moderate cold. Topics reviewed: tactile sensitivity, manual performance, complex performance measurements, subjective reactions, individual differences and maintaining performance in the cold.
Ergonomics, Apr. 1984, Vol.27, No.4, p.365-378. 145 ref.

CIS 84-969 Gertner A., Israeli R., Cassuto Y.
Water and electrolyte balance in workers exposed to a hot environment during their workshift
The study was conducted on 45 naturally heat-acclimatised workers having free access to water and performing light to moderate work in a warm environment at the metalworking shops of 2 plants located in the south of Israel. The average WBGT at the work area ranged from 24 to 29°C. Results of all the physiological tests performed on the workers indicated that the water and electrolyte balance can be maintained in workers who can choose their own work regimen.
Ergonomics, Feb. 1984, Vol.27, No.2, p.125-134. 32 ref.

CIS 84-682 Copes R.
Frost injuries of the extremities
Review of the risks involved in working while exposed to cold temperatures. Topics covered: number of compensated cases of cold injury in Ontario (range: 27-112 per year, 1976-1980); acclimatisation to cold; types of cold injury: frostnip, frostbite (level 1, with oedema and redness, to level 4, gangrene); treatment; prevention (proper clothing, time limitation of exposure); health conditions predisposing to cold injury (e.g. arteriosclerosis, Raynaud's disease); aggravating factors (wind, humidity, work with metallic surfaces).
Occupational Health in Ontario, Jan. 1984, Vol.5, No.1, p.23-35. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 84-581 Nelson T.M., Nilsson T.H., Johnson M.
Interaction of temperature, illuminance and apparent time on sedentary work fatigue
Evaluation by questionnaire of the subjective fatigue and mood of 144 subjects of both sexes; their task was to compose stories to accompany pictures at ambient temperatures of 13, 23 or 30°C under illuminations of 100 or 300lx while viewing a slow, accurate, or fast clock. Subjective fatigue and mood were clearly influenced by the perception of ambient conditions that in fact had minimal physiological effects. Sex-linked differences in response were also observed.
Ergonomics, Jan. 1984, Vol.27, No.1, p.89-101. 44 ref.

CIS 84-384 Meese G.B., Kok R., Lewis M.I., Wyon D.P.
A laboratory study on the effects of moderate thermal stress on the performance of factory workers
Climate-chamber study of 1000 black and white male and female factory workers exposed to air temperatures of 6, 12, 18, 24 (cold exposure), 26, 32 and 38°C (heat exposure) at relative humidities of 20-70%. The subjects performed tasks simulating real factory work. The effects of temperature are described in relation to experimental conditions, race and sex. The implications of the results for factory design are discussed.
Ergonomics, Jan. 1984, Vol.27, No.1, p.19-43. 46 ref.

1983

CIS 86-589 Order No.55 of the Minister of State for Manpower and Training concerning necessary measures for ensuring occupational safety and health in the workplace
This directive was issued 17 May 1983. Its sections cover: general provisions and fire safety; prevention of mechanical, physical and chemical hazards, as well as provision of first aid, housekeeping and rescue services; administration of the directive. Supplemental schedules give: guidelines for the length of workbreaks as a function of temperature and physical workload; lighting levels for different kinds of work; noise levels and exposure limits; potentially hazardous substances encountered in the workplace and exposure limits for them; concentration limits for airborne mineral dusts and methods for calculating them; suspected carcinogens.
Egyptian Official Gazette, 12 Sep. 1983, Vol.155, No.210, p.3-27.

CIS 86-59 Wells A.M., Giampaoli E., Zidan L.N.
Physical hazards
Riscos físicos [in Portuguese]
This textbook covers the basics of the measurement, hazards and control of: noise and vibrations (including ultrasound and medical uses); extreme temperatures; electromagnetic radiations (ionising and non-ionising radiation and visible light); abnormal pressures (including Brazilian legislation).
Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente, 710 - CEP 05409 - São Paulo (SP), Brazil, 1983. 112p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 85-1132 Gol'dman Ė.I., Dmitriev E.A., Suhačeva A.B.
Rheostat-brake testing of diesel locomotives and its hygienic assessment
Reostatnye ispytanija teplovozov i ih gigieničeskaja ocenka [in Russian]
Rheostat brake testing involves running the diesel engine of a stationary locomotive under load; the tests are generally conducted in the open air at depots and repair shops. Persons conducting the tests are exposed to extremes of heat and cold, with sharp temperature drops, toxic substances from exhaust gases, noise and vibration. Workers could be protected from these harmful agents by placing the necessary controls and instruments in insulated, temperature-controlled cabins, so that testing could be performed by remote control. Both workers and the environment would be protected from exhaust gases if the locomotives were fitted with the same emission controls used on industrial diesel engines.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1983, No.8, p.27-31. 4 ref.

CIS 85-995
Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po standartam)
Collective protective equipment against infrared radiation - General technical requirements
Sredstva kollektivnoj zaščity ot infrakrasnyh izlučenij - Obščie tehničeskie trebovanija [in Russian]
This standard (effective 1 Jan. 1984) applies to collective protective equipment against infrared radiation in the range of 0.75-25µm from any industrial heating equipment and lays down general technical requirements. This equipment includes: screens, tight enclosures, thermal insulation, ventilation systems, automatic monitoring and signalling devices, remote control systems, safety signs. General technical requirements include: the permissible level of infrared radiation (350W/m²); maximum surface temperature of 308K (35°C) at temperatures inside the heat sources up to 373K (100°C) and of 318K (45°C) at temperatures inside the heat sources of more than 373K (100°C). Examples of screens against infrared radiation are appended.
Izdatel'stvo standartov, Novopresnenskij per. 3, 123840 Moskva, USSR, 1983. 5p. Price: Rbl.0.03.

CIS 85-684
Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po trudu i social'nym voprosam, Prezidium VCSPS
Ratification of a standard on the free issuance to workers of warm work clothes and footgear according to climatic zone
Ob utverždenii norm besplatnoj vydači rabočim i služaščim teploj special'noj odeždy i special'noj obuvi po klimatičeskim pojasam [in Russian]
This standard (ratified 8 Dec. 1982) is uniformly applicable to all sectors of the economy of the USSR. It specifies that warm work clothes and footgear shall be issued in accordance with the model standards for individual branches of the economy. The wear life of jackets, trousers and footgear in the 5 climatic zones of the country is tabulated, and the districts in each zone are listed. An appendix lists the directives which are annulled by ratification of the present standard.
Bjulleten' - Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po trudu i social'nym voprosam, 1983, No.5, p.20-24.

CIS 85-682 Verhotin M.A., Barkalaja A.I.
Effect of high environmental temperatures on the development of signs of hypoxia in the myocardium
K voprosu o vlijanii povyšennoj temperatury okružajuščej sredy na razvitie gipoksičeskih javlenij v miokarde [in Russian]
Exposure of human volunteers to temperatures of 32 or 42°C raised the activity of the myocardial (H) isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in their blood when the volunteers remained at rest. When they engaged in moderate exercise, the activity of the skeletal muscle (M) isoenzyme also increased. Wearing a water-cooled suit prevented the rise in LDH-M activity, but had practically no effect on LDH-H. Thus, high environmental temperatures produce effects like those of hypoxia.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Dec. 1983, No.12, p.14-16. 4 ref.

CIS 85-680 Ratner E.M., Demina D.M., Evlampieva M.N., Škol'nikov B.I., Kirpičnikov A.B., Kahojan E.G., Streljaeva N.E.
Setting of microclimate standards for persons engaged in mental work (example of main-line locomotive cab)
K voprosu o normirovanii mikroklimata dlja lic umstvennogo truda (na primere kabiny mašinista magistral'nogo lokomotiva) [in Russian]
The air temperature in locomotive cabs and the skin temperature of locomotive drivers, whose tasks at a fixed workplace involve the surveillance of instrument panels, were measured. The results showed that the thermal comfort range for this category of operators is 24°±2°C at a relative humidity of 30-70% and at air speeds of 0.2-0.4m/s, which is higher than allowed for by microclimate standards in the USSR. It is recommended to divide the category of light physical work, as provided for by standards, into two groups, i.e. static muscular work at a fixed workplace (energy expenditure up to 120kcal/h) and dynamic muscular work at a mobile workplace (energy expenditure from 120kcal/h to 150kcal/h), and to correlate the ambient temperature with the given results.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1983, No.6, p.10-15. 10 ref.

CIS 85-679 Ljah G.D.
Adaptation of the cardiovascular system and thermal balance of smelter workers exposed to high ambient temperatures
Fisiologičeskie mehanizmy adaptacii serdečno-sosudistoj i termoreguljacionnoj system pri vozdejstvii na metallurgov vysokoj temperatury vozduha [in Russian]
8 physiological parameters were measured in 68 copper-smelter workers. The results underline the important role of the portal system in haemodynamics and increased perspiration. Adaptation of haemodynamics requires maintaining the average dynamic arterial pressure on an optimal level, preventing any sharp decrease in circulatory minute volume and systolic pressure, decreasing the metabolism and increasing the sweat rate. To achieve these physiological conditions, air showers directed at the upper part of the body, screens protecting from radiant heat exposure and thermally insulated cabins offering an optimal temperature to the operators are recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1983, No.6, p.5-10. 18 ref.

CIS 85-705 Karpekin V.V.
A new approach to the specification of MACs and the determination of the concentration of harmful substances in workplace air
Novyj podhod k zadaniju PDK i opredeleniju koncentracij vrednyh veščestv v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Referring concentrations of airborne pollutants to standard temperature, pressure and humidity may not be desirable for the specification of exposure limits. For example, a worker breathing normally in an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide at the USSR MAC of 20mg/m³ under standard conditions will pass 0.36mg carbon monoxide/min through his lungs. If the atmospheric pressure were 1000mm Hg instead of the standard 760mm Hg, he would be exposed to 0.48mg/min at the same nominal concentration of 20mg/m³. This and other samples suggest that MACs should be specified in terms of real workplace conditions.
Gigiena i sanitarija, May 1983, No.5, p.53-57. 10 ref.

CIS 85-678 Rublak K., Afanas'eva R.F., Gebeljajn H., Mihajlova N.S., Noak H., Okoluhin Ju.A., Šul'c G.
An integrator of climatic data for assessment of interior microclimates
Integrator mikroklimatičeskih dannyh dlja ocenki mikroklimata pomeščenij [in Russian]
A proposed indicator of overall thermal comfort, called the dry heat flux density, is calculated by an analogue computer from data on radiant and convective heat, air speed, humidity, body temperature and energy consumption, and degree of insulation by clothing. The integrator consists of the computer itself, sensing devices and potentiometers for entering data that cannot be fed in directly from sensors (block diagram given). For a person at rest, thermal comfort corresponds to an indicator of -27 to +37kcal/(m²h).
Gigiena i sanitarija, May 1983, No.5, p.47-50. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 85-381 Atmospheric conditions in the workplace
This illustrated booklet for workers and employers covers: legislation; comfort; factors affecting atmospheric conditions; equivalent temperature and comfort zones; simple troubleshooting; heating and ventilation problems; measuring atmospheric conditions.
Department of Labour, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand, 1983. 18p. Illus.

CIS 85-491 Čubarova Z.S.
Ventilated work clothes
Special'naja odežda s ventiljacionnymi ėlementami [in Russian]
Zippered vents were made at two points on the back of insulated jackets, in the side seams of the jackets, and in the inner and outer seams of insulated trousers at the level of the thigh. Opening these vents reduced the thermal resistance of the garments by 9-15%; in treadmill experiments in a climate-controlled chamber (air temperature -5°C), moderate effort raised the skin temperature of subjects by 1-2°C with the vents closed, but only 0.1-0.3°C with all the vents open. Thus, the design permits the garments to be worn comfortably over a wider range of conditions than do unvented designs.
Švejnaja promyšlennost', May-June 1983, No.3, p.22-23. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 85-377 Afanas'eva R.F., Repin G.N., Pavluhin L.V., Šlejfman F.M., Basargina L.A.
Criteria for evaluating the thermal state of a person as a basis for setting standards for the industrial microclimate
Kriterii ocenki teplovogo sostojanija čeloveka dlja obosnovanija normativnyh trebovanij k proizvodstvennomu mikroklimatu [in Russian]
Literature review to provide a basis for standard-setting and for evaluating workplace microclimates. The chosen indicators of the thermal state of a person performing light, moderate or heavy work were those most closely correlated with temperature sensation: body and skin temperatures, heat content and changes therein, water loss, heat flux density at the surface of the body, and heart rate. Perceived temperature was ranked on a 7-ball scale. Tables give the values of these indicators which represent the upper and lower bounds of the optimal thermal states of workers expending given amounts of energy.
Gigiena i sanitarija, July 1983, No.7, p.79-81. 12 ref.

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