Bullying and mobbing - 155 entries found

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2005

CIS 07-250 Brun C.
Psychosocial hazards. Stress, malaise, suffering...A collective challenge to occupational health and the quality of working life
Risques psychosociaux. Stress, mal-être, souffrance...Un enjeu collectif de la santé et de la qualité de vie au travail [in French]
Following a brief explanation of what constitutes psychosocial disorders, this guide presents a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of occupational stress: developing a collective approach; identifying indicators; understanding disequilibria; acting at several levels and implementing a monitoring system.
Agence Nationale pour l'Amélioration des Conditions de Travail, 4, quai des Etroits, 69321 Lyon Cedex 05, France, Dec. 2005. 23p. Illus.
http://www.aquitaine.aract.fr/pdf/RiskPsycho_guide.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-248 Bertin J., Fraix N., Paljkovic G., Sasso M.O.
Workload, absenteeism and occupational weariness
Charge, absentéisme et usure au travail [in French]
This information sheet presents examples of methods adopted by enterprises for addressing issues of absenteeism, excessive workload, stress, violence and burnout. Sectors covered include a call centre, a vocational training centre, health care institutions and a local government administration.
Agence Nationale pour l'Amélioration des Conditions de Travail, 4, quai des Etroits, 69321 Lyon Cedex 05, France, Mar. 2005. 6p. Illus. 17 ref.
http://www.aravis.asso.fr/upload/files/FILE20050407170548_Fiche17.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-1497 Update: The SOLVE approach to addressing psychosocial problems at work
SOLVE is an interactive educational programme designed to assist in the development of policies and actions to address psychosocial issues at the workplace. Stress, alcohol and drugs, violence (both physical and psychological), HIV/AIDS and tobacco, all lead to health-related problems for the worker and lower productivity for the enterprise or organization. Taken together, they represent a major cause of accidents, fatal injuries, diseases and absenteeism at work in both industrialized and developing countries. SOLVE focuses on prevention in translating concepts into policies and policies into action at the national and enterprise levels. This document summarizes the SOLVE concept, its methodology and its implementation at the place of work. Includes a list of SOLVE training courses for managers, workers and counsellors.
Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Feb. 2005. 9p. Illus.

CIS 06-1242 Apellániz González A., Izaola A.P.
Emerging diseases in occupational settings - Bullying
Patologías emergentes en el medio laboral - El mobbing [in Spanish]
Diseases caused by psychosocial risk factors, in particular bullying, are not new and the phenomenon appears to be gaining in importance. According to the findings of the third European survey on working conditions, 8.1% of workers were affected in 2000. This article describes the current situation with respect to diseases caused by bullying at the workplace and examines tools for their evaluation. Topics addressed: definition; epidemiology; bullying situations; development of conflict situations; clinical implications; characteristics of the victims and the bullies; tools for evaluating psychosocial hazards; occupational medicine, administrative and legal aspects.
Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 2005, No.171, p.34-45. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 06-499 Lu J.L.
Perceived job stress of women workers in diverse manufacturing industries
An investigation of the impact of organizational factors on perceived job stress among women workers in the garment and electronics industries in the Philippines was undertaken. The sample included 23 establishments with 630 women respondents. Questionnaires, walkthrough surveys of the industries, and interviews were carried out. Workplace factors studied included job content, the nature of tasks, job autonomy, hazard exposure and management and supervisory styles. Statistical analysis highlighted the interactions among the organizational factors. It was found that workers experienced job stress when they were subjected to low job autonomy, poor work quality, close monitoring and high workload.
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Summer 2005, Vol.15, No.3, p.275-291. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 06-497 Mayhew C., McCarthy P.
Occupational violence/bullying in public service organisations
In this study, data on occupational violence and bullying were collected by means of face-to-face interviews with workers involved in juvenile detention, health care, tertiary education and public housing. Items included the number of bullying events experienced during the previous 12 months, characteristics of the alleged perpetrators, perceptions of higher-risk locations and situations, and suggested strategies for prevention. Findings are discussed and several recommendations are proposed.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 2005, Vol.21, No.1, p.33-42. 48 ref.

CIS 06-49
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Annual review of working conditions in the EU: 2004-2005
This review examines four key dimensions in working conditions and quality of work and employment: career and employment, health and well-being, skills development and work-life balance. Topics covered include: EU legislative developments relating to musculoskeletal disorders, electromagnetic fields, optical radiation, carcinogens, mutagens and other chemical agents; trends in occupational illnesses and accidents, working time, work-related stress and workplace violence and bullying.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2005. vii, 66p. lllus. 98 ref. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www.eurofound.eu.int/ewco/reports/EU0502AR01/EU0502AR01.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-739 Rogoyski A.
How to combat mobbing? A challenge for employers
Jak walczyć z mobbingiem? - wyzwanie dla pracodawców [in Polish]
Discussion of mobbing in the Polish context, in light of recently introduced legislation on the matter.
Monitor Prawa Pracy, Dec. 2004, No.12, p.335-337. 3 ref.

2004

CIS 09-750 Leka S., Griffiths A., Cox T.
Work organization and stress
Organisation du travail et stress [in French]
La organización del trabajo y el estés [in Spanish]
Work stress is thought to affect individuals' psychological and physical health, as well as organization's effectiveness, in an adverse manner. This booklet provides practical advice on how to deal with work stress. It is aimed at employers, managers and trade union representatives. Topics discussed include the nature of the stress at work and the causes and effects of stress, as well as prevention strategies and risk assessment and management methods. Also discussed are the role of the organizational culture in this process and the resources to be drawn upon for managing work stress. The advice should be interpreted in the light of the particular problems faced by different groups of workers and what is reasonably practicable by way of solutions for each individual employer. Lists of common causes and effects of stress are included for illustrative purposes.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service,1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2004. 27p. Illus. 6 ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/pwh3rev.pdf [in English]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/pwh3sp.pdf [in Spanish]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/stressjapanese.pdf [in Japanese]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh3f.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-991 Voss M., Floderus B., Diderichsen F.
How do job characteristics, family situation, domestic work, and lifestyle factors relate to sickness absence? A study based on Sweden Post
This study examined the relationship between characteristics of working life and private life and sickness absence. Questionnaire data for 1557 female and 1913 male employees of the Swedish postal service were linked to registered sickness absence by multivariate regression analyses. Apart from health problems, clear associations with sickness absence were observed for complaints attributed to heavy, arduous work, and sickness presenteeism. The use of tranquilizers, the occurrence of bullying, and the existence of a high total workload from paid and unpaid work were associated with sickness absence in women. The use of alcohol as a sedative, anxiety of reorganization, not holding a supervisor position, adverse life events and divorce were related to sickness absence in men.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2004, Vol.46, No.11, p.1134-1143. 42 ref.

CIS 06-749 Geffner R., Braverman M., Galasso J., Marsh J.
Aggression in organizations: Violence, abuse, and harassment at work and in schools
Compilation of 13 articles on aggression in organizations, grouped under the following headings: overview of school and workplace violence and prevention programmes; studies on aggression, abuse and harassment in the workplace and in schools.
The Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580, USA, 2004. xxii , 246p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 06-248 Marciniak J.
Counteracting employment discrimination. How to put in practice the fight against mobbing and other forms of discrimination
Przeciwdziałanie dyskryminacji w zatrudnieniu. Jak w praktyce zwalczać mobbing i inne formy dyskryminacji [in Polish]
This publication examines different forms of mobbing and sexual harassment in the workplace and describes measures to enable both employers and employees to avoid the harmful results of persecution at work.
Wydawnictwa Profesjonalne ALPHA pro Sp. z o.o., ul. Kilińskiego 29, 07-410 Ostrołęka, Poland, 2004. 179p. ref.

CIS 06-243 Dörre-Nowak D.
Preventive measures against harassment, sexual harassment and mobbing
Zbieg środków ochronnych przed molestowaniem, molestowaniem seksualnym i mobbingiem [in Polish]
By an amended Act of November 14, 2003 the notions of harassment, sexual harassment and mobbing have been introduced to the Labour Code in Poland. Issues relating to the protection of personal rights and relations between the provisions of Labour Code and the provisions of the Civil Code are discussed.
Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne, Nov. 2004, No.11, p.8-15. 11 ref.

CIS 05-488 Freydt C., Légeron P., Paolillo A.G.
Special feature on occupational stress
Dossier stress au travail [in French]
This special feature on occupational stress aimed at general practitioners describes the causes of stress at work and explains how to help patients to protect themselves. Contents: changes in working conditions; stress factors at the place of work; diagnosis (evaluation of the causes of stress, estimation of the stress reaction, identification of the patient's coping factors); teaching patients to increase their resistance to stress; helping patients that are victims of suspected bullying; role of general practitioners.
Le Généraliste, 16 Apr. 2004, No.2286, p.I-X. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 05-247 Niño Escalante J.
Bullying and the evaluation of occupational hazards
El "mobbing" y las evaluaciones de riesgos laborales [in Spanish]
Bullying is a recent phenomenon which, besides its impact on work, also has clinical and legal consequences. It is considered a risk factor, although it differs from other risk factors in that it consists of a conscious and deliberate intent to harm another person, and should therefore be taken into account in the evaluation of working conditions likely to impact health. This article outlines the approach that should be followed by the person responsible for conducting an evaluation of psychosocial hazards when faced with evidence of bullying, together with the preventive measures to be implemented within the enterprise.
Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2004, Vol.24, No.95, p.9-17. Illus. 7 ref.
http://www.mapfre.com/fundaciones/es/FundacionMapfre/publicaciones/pdf/Elmobbing_MapfreSeguridad_n95_art3.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 05-250 Forms of violence at work and their consequences. Columbia 2004
Formas y consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. Colombia 2004 [in Spanish]
This document presents the results of a survey on violence carried out during 2004 in four cities in Columbia. It analyses the various forms of violence in the workplace (physical assault, verbal aggression, threats, sexual harassment and bullying), together with their consequences in four sectors of activity: private investigation and security services, road and urban transport, financial services and health care services. It also proposes an epidemiological monitoring protocol aimed at preventing violence in occupational settings.
Ministerio de la Protección Social, Carrera 13 No. 32 -76 piso 15, Bogotá, Colombia, 2004. 64p. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 05-72 Ayala Cáceres C.L.
Legal concept of occupational disease
Concepto jurídico de enfermedad profesional [in Spanish]
This article comments on the concept of occupational disease as defined in Columbian legislation. Main topics covered: evolution of the concept of occupational disease and legal bases; various occupational disease doctrines and theories; doctrine applied in Colombia (objective responsibility); presumption of occupational disease; causal relationship; pathologies aggravated by work; bullying as a cause of occupational disease; concept of occupational disease as currently applied in Colombia; prescription or loss of rights; determination of the occupational nature of the disease; determination of the degree of disability (partial or total). Colombian legislation currently recognises 42 occupational diseases.
Protección y seguridad, May-June 2004, Vol.50, No.295, p.32-38. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 05-244 López García Silva J.A., Sánchez Gómez E., Petkova Sáiz E.
Mobbing, persecution, harassment and psychological aggression at the workplace (not psychological harassment): Legal considerations and prevention based on a case study
Mobbing, acoso psicológico en el trabajo, hostigamiento psicológico en el trabajo (no acoso moral): consideraciones preventivas y jurídicas a propósito de un caso [in Spanish]
Based on a specific case of bullying, this article defines mobbing, persecution, harassment and psychological aggression, which encompass behaviours which are often wrongly termed "psychological harassment". It also discusses legal aspects, explains how to recognize bullying at work and suggests how occupational safety and health services should respond to these situations.
Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2004, No.29, p.4-16. Illus.
http://www.mtas.es/insht/revista/revista29_04.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 04-745 Jędrejek G.
Civil and criminal liability in case of mobbing
Cywilnoprawna odpowiedzialność za stosowanie mobbingu [in Polish]
This monograph discusses the legal aspects of mobbing. A definition of this phenomenon is given. The problems of the violation of personal rights, and of the vindication of claims of the victim are presented.
Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis Sp. z o.o., ul. Sosnkowskiego 1, 02-495, Warszawa, Poland, 2004. 281p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 04-736 Bensefa L., Sandret N., De Clavière C., Descatha A., Pairon J.C.
Bullying and employment outcomes among 126 patients of an occupational health examination
Harcèlement moral et pronostic professionnel chez 126 patients d'une consultation de pathologie professionnelle [in French]
The purpose of this study was to analyse the experience of patients referred to an occupational health department for suspected bullying, and to highlight the factors influencing occupational outcomes. All patients referred to the occupational health department for mental disorders between January 2000 and June 2002 were included in the study. Medical files were screened to analyse sociodemographic characteristics and to differentiate among bullying, conflict at work and work overload. A self-administered questionnaire was addressed to each patient in December 2002 in order to collect information on socioprofessional outcome. 126 patients were included in the study (108 cases exposed to bullying and 18 cases involving personal conflict or work overload). Some sectors were over-represented: not-for-profit associations (21 cases), health care (18 cases) and retail commerce (14 cases). 85 subjects answered the questionnaire, including 72 probable victims of bullying. Factors significantly associated with keeping the job were age, company size and being employed by a public institution. Among the 40 probable victims of bullying who left their work, 90% were revoked and 42.5% had true difficulties finding new employment. Patients with diagnosis of probable bullying who evolved favourably were those with the shortest period of exposure. Therefore, early recognition of these situations should be a priority for occupational physicians.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 2004, Vol.65, No.5, p.387-395. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 04-488 Moreno-Jiménez B., Rodriguez Muñoz A., Garrosa Hernández E., Morante Benadero M.E.
Contractual relationships and bullying at the workplace: A comparative analysis
Relaciones contractuales y acoso psicológico en el trabajo: un análisis comparativo [in Spanish]
The objective of this study was to analyse possible differences in the nature and extent of bullying as a function of the type of employment contract. It involved 103 public transport workers of the Urban Community of Madrid. Participants responded to a questionnaire on personal data, the type of employment contract, the extent of bullying, and organizational and leadership factors. Findings highlight significant differences between workers under temporary and permanent contracts concerning bullying and social isolation. Various hypotheses are put forward to explain the incidence of work contract flexibility on bullying at the place of work.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Dec. 2004, Vol.L, No.197, p.19-26. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 03-1696 Alderton T., Bloor M., Kahveci E., Lane T., Sampson H., Thomas M., Winchester N., Wu B., Zhao M.
The global seafarer - Living and working conditions in a globalized industry
This study discusses the impact of globalization on seafarers from the standpoint of recruitment practices, role of trade unions and collective bargaining, training, certification, wages, contracts and tours of duty. A section is devoted to working conditions and occupational hazards. Despite the lack of comprehensive international data, there are indications of high fatality rates from occupational accidents among seafarers. Exposure hazards include those due to toxic substances being transported, and to asbestos in engine rooms. Bullying, loneliness, depression and suicide are also frequent in this population.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2004. xvi, 208p. Illus. Bibl. ref. Index. Price: CHF 30.00.

2003

CIS 11-0737 Williams C.
Sky service: The demands of emotional labour in the airline industry
This article draws on earlier literature on emotional work among flight attendants. Using a qualitative and quantitative study of nearly 3000 Australian flight attendants, it focuses on organizational and occupational safety and health variables, as well as sexual harassment and passenger abuse. The qualitative data indicate that emotional labour is both pleasurable and difficult at different times for the same individual. Gender is a key aspect, linking emotional work with sexual harassment. At the same time, the most significant predictors from the quantitative study of whether emotional work would be costly were organizational. Variables such as whether flight attendants felt valued by the company show that the airline management context is highly influential in the way in which emotional work is experienced. As a means of understanding the complex relations in this important and eroticized area of service work where flight attendants, airline crews, airline management and passengers have convergent and conflicting interests, the article also presents a new concept of "demanding publics", to refer to transgressions of acceptable boundaries of behaviour towards service workers.
Gender, work and organization, Nov. 2003, Vol.10, No.5, p.513-550. 59 ref.
Sky_service.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-499 Gilioli R., Fingerhut M.A., Kortum-Margot E.
Raising awareness of psychological harassment at work
Violenza psicologica sul lavoro - Accrescere la consapevolezza [in Italian]
Qu'est-ce que le harcèlement moral sur le lieu de travail? [in French]
Sensibilizando sobre el acoso psicológico en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Psychological harassment is a form of employee abuse arising from unethical behaviour and leading to victimization of the worker. It is an increasing worldwide problem which is still largely unknown and underestimated. It can produce serious negative consequences on the quality of life and on individuals' health, mainly in the emotional, psychosomatic and behavioural areas. In addition, society as a whole becomes a victim because of increased pressure on social services and welfare. This booklet aims at raising awareness of this growing issue of concern by providing information on its characteristics, such as the definition, differences between normal conflicts and psychological harassment at work, the ways it is practised, the consequences it can produce on health and society. Special attention is devoted to the causes that favour its development and the measures to be adopted in order to combat it and react to it. Since psychological harassment is widespread in all occupational sectors, this publication has the intent to promote safety and health at work among health professionals, decision makers, managers, human resources directors, legal community, unions and workers worldwide. The only way to combat psychological harassment at work is to unite the efforts of all these players, while viewing the issue from different angles. (English and French versions, please see also CIS 07-1248). A Japanese version may be ordered from WHO (see here for details: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/harassment/en/index.html)
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service,1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. 38p. Illus. 18 ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh4f.pdf [in French]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/oehharassmentitalian.pdf [in Italian]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh4sp.pdf [in Spanish]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh4e.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-744 Di Martino V., Hoel H., Cooper C.L.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Preventing violence and harassment in the workplace
This report presents the findings of a European project on violence and harassment at the workplace. It identifies the different forms and patterns of violence and harassment at the workplace in the EU and describes the recent upsurge in activity and initiatives in this field within the legal arena, with new legislation addressing these problems recently enacted or in the pipeline in a number of countries. It also presents evidence of adverse effects of such behaviour on individuals, organizations and society, and assesses the potential financial costs. Finally, it analyses the factors that contribute to physical and psychological violence, and reviews a variety of good practices with respect to preventing and managing violence and harassment at work.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughingstown, Dublin 18, Ireland, 2003. viii. 100p. Illus. Approx. 220 ref.
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2002/109/en/1/ef02109en.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-241 Graf M.
Bullying in Switzerland
Le mobbing en Suisse [in French]
Mobbing in der Schweiz [in German]
Il mobbing in Svizzera [in Italian]
This article presents the findings of a survey on bullying in Switzerland, carried out by means of phone interviews in a sample of 3220 employed persons. Among all persons interviewed, 7.6% met the scientific criteria for bullying and 4% reported being victims of bullying, although there was only a partial overlap between the two groups. Other findings concerning the effects on health, the age, sex and nationality of the victims, the prevalence by sector of activity and the perpetrators of bullying are commented. Finally, the article proposes some possible preventive measures.
Communications de la CFST, Apr. 2003, Vol.54, p.17-20. Illus. 4 réf.
http://www.ekas.ch/download.php?id=128 [in Italian]
http://www.ekas.ch/download.php?id=127 [in German]
http://www.ekas.ch/download.php?id=129 [in French]

CIS 07-1248 Gilioli R., Fingerhut M.A., Kortum-Margot E.
Raising awareness of psychological harassment at work
Psychological harassment is a form of employee abuse arising from unethical behaviour and leading to victimization of the worker. It is an increasing worldwide problem, which can produce serious negative consequences on the quality of life and on individuals' health. This booklet aims to raise awareness of this issue among health professionals, decision makers, managers, human resources directors, legal community, unions and workers worldwide. It provides information on the characteristics of psychological harassment, such as the definition, differences between normal conflicts and psychological harassment at work, the ways it is practised and the potential consequences for health and society. Special attention is devoted to the causes that favour its development and the measures to be adopted in order to combat it and react to it.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service,1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, [ca 2003]. 38p. Illus. 19 ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh4e.pdf [in English]
http://www.who.int/entity/occupational_health/publications/en/pwh4f.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-748 Violence at work
La violence au travail [in French]
La violencia en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Collection of papers which explore the causes of different forms of violence, bullying and harassment in the workplace and examine initiatives for their prevention. Topics covered include: work organization and moral harassment; power relations and sexual harassment; violence in journalism, schools and the health services; economic and social costs of violence; role of trade unions; role of the ILO's SOLVE programme; preventive measures based on legislation, collective agreements and codes of conduct; and the ILO code of conduct to combat violence in the service sector.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. viii, 64p. Illus. Bibl. ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actrav/publ/133/index.htm [in English]
http://www.ilo.org/public/french/dialogue/actrav/publ/133/index.htm [in French]
http://www.ilo.org/public/spanish/dialogue/actrav/publ/133/index.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 05-90 Gunnarsdottir H.K., Rafnsdottir G.L., Helgadottir B., Tomasson K.
Psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among women working in geriatric care
The aim of this study was to explore the extent of the association between psychosocial work characteristics and musculoskeletal symptoms among women working in geriatric care. 1518 female employees of geriatric nursing homes and geriatric hospital wards in Iceland having a staff of 10 or more responded to a questionnaire. Odds ratios of over two for one or more musculoskeletal symptoms were found for the following risk factors: finding the job mentally difficult; mental exhaustion after one's shift; dissatisfaction regarding communications with supervisors or the flow of information; insufficient influence at work; dissatisfaction with the hierarchy; intense time pressures; lack of solidarity among colleagues; dissatisfaction with the job; harassment; violence or threats at work.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 2003, Vol.44, No.6, p.679-684. 34 ref.

CIS 04-534 Salvslaboris - 2nd Exhibition on the prevention of occupational hazards, the environment and occupational health - 3rd European conference on enterprise occupational safety and health policies
Salvslaboris - 2a Feria de prevención de riesgos laborales, medioambiente y salud laboral -3ª Conferencia europea sobre políticas de seguridad y salud en la empresa [in Spanish]
Reports on the conference papers presented at the 1st exhibition on the prevention of occupational hazards, the environment and occupational health held in Madrid, Spain, from 22 to 24 October 2001, together with the 3rd European conference on enterprise occupational safety and health policies, and at the 2nd exhibition on the prevention of occupational hazards, the environment and occupational health held Madrid, Spain, from 23 to 25 October 2002. Main topics addressed: European Union policies on occupational safety and health; situation of the transposition of European directives on occupational safety and health into Spanish legislation; cost-benefit ratio of prevention measures; presentation of various models of occupational safety and health management; role of government and of labour inspection, and responsibilities of employers; management of accident insurance funds and external occupational safety and health services; integrated management of occupational safety and health, quality and the environment; occupational stress and bullying; occupational safety and health in SMEs; responsibilities for auditing; health surveillance.
Instituto Europeo de Salud y Bienestar Social (IE), Joaquín Costa, 16, El Viso, 28002 Madrid, Spain, 2002. 555p. Illus.; 2003. 736p. Illus.

CIS 04-558 Kivimäki M., Virtanen M., Vartia M., Elovainio M., Vahtera J., Keltikangas-Järvinen L.
Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression
To examine exposure to workplace bullying as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and depression in employees, logistic regression models were related to prospective data from two surveys in a cohort of 5432 hospital employees (601 men and 4831 women), aged 18-63 years. Outcomes were new reports of doctor-diagnosed cardiovascular disease and depression during the two-year follow-up among those who were free from these diseases at baseline. The prevalence of bullying was 5% in the first survey and 6% in the second survey. Two per cent reported bullying experiences in both surveys, an indication of prolonged bullying. After adjustment for sex, age, and income, the odds ratio of incident cardiovascular disease for victims of prolonged bullying compared to non-bullied employees was 2.3. A further adjustment for overweight at baseline attenuated the odds ratio to 1.6. The association between prolonged bullying and incident depression was significant, even after adjustment for overweight (odds ratio 4.2). This suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. The victims of bullying also seem to be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, but this risk may partly be attributable to overweight.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2003, Vol.60, No.10, p.779-783. 24 ref.

CIS 04-612 Occupational safety and health in the education sector
Arbejdsmiljø inden for uddannelsessektoren [in Danish]
Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Arbeit im Bildungssektor [in German]
Ē epaggelmatikḗ asfáleia kai ugeía ston kládo tēs ekpaídeusēs [in Greek]
La seguridad y la salud laborales en el sector de la enseñanza [in Spanish]
Tööohutus ja töötervishoid haridussektoris [in Estonian]
Arbetsmiljön i utbildningssektorn [in Swedish]
Sécurité et santé au travail dans le secteur de l'enseignement [in French]
Sicurezza e salute nel settore dell'istruzione [in Italian]
Veiligheid en gezondheid in het onderwijs [in Dutch]
Bezpieczeństwo i zdrowie w pracy w sektorze edukacji [in Polish]
A saúde e a segurança no trabalho no sector da educação [in Portuguese]
Varnost in zdravje pri delu v šolstvu [in Slovenian]
Opetusalan työturvallisuus ja työterveys [in Finnish]
Educational institutions can have the same hazards as any other workplace. However, the educational workplace is shared with students or pupils. These persons are also vulnerable, being young, inexperienced, and often ignorant of safety and health hazards. They can also be a hazard in themselves. Contents of this fact sheet on occupational safety and health in educational institutions: safety and health management; safe working environments; slips and trips; maintenance; fire and emergency planning; health and safety in laboratories and workshops; musculoskeletal disorders; stress; violence; bullying.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2003. 2p. 16 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/factsheets/46/view [in Multilingual]

CIS 04-241 McCarthy P., Mayhew C., Barker M., Sheehan M.
Bullying and occupational violence in tertiary education: Perpetrators and risk factors
This article provides an overview of findings from a comprehensive study of bullying and occupational violence in an Australian tertiary education institution. The study was commissioned by university human resource managers as a basis for the implementation of antibullying and violence policies and procedures, to meet quality enhancement objectives and in response to government guidelines. The data collected indicated that bullying and occupational violence may occur through student-initiated and staff-on-staff interactions, and can be fuelled by unreasonable work expectations. Recommendations are made based on identified risk factors, including the reform of management practices, enhanced prevention efforts, improved staff development and appraisal systems, and the introduction of codes of conduct for students.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2003, Vol.19, No.4, p.319-326. 31 ref.

CIS 03-1990 Giga S.I., Hoel H., Cooper C.L.
Violence and stress at work in the postal sector
Postal service providers have traditionally operated in non-competitive, monopolistic, highly unionized environments aimed at providing a social service without any obligation for long-term financial viability. Globalization, deregulation, new technology and changing customer needs have demanded major changes not only to the products and services that these organizations provide, but also more fundamentally to the way they function. These unremitting changes over the past couple of decades have strained relationships between managers, employees and employee representatives and have given rise to job insecurity, dissatisfaction and conflict among the work force. This working paper examines the issue of violence and stress at work in the postal sector. Contents: sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in the portal sector and their impact the sector and its workforce; causes of workplace violence and stress in the sector; information collection and reporting on violence and stress; illustrative cases of violence and stress in the sector; prevention, reduction, management and coping strategies.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. vii, 24p. 52 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/postelcm/wp200.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1989 Giga S.I., Hoel H.
Violence and stress at work in financial services
Mergers and acquisitions, globalization, technological developments and related restructuring have introduced major changes in the way work is organized and done over the last few decades. The resulting modernization has led to the development of a number of concerns for workers in financial services, such as increasing time pressures, excessive work demands, role conflict, ergonomic insufficiencies, problematic customer relations and an increase in reported cases of violence and stress. This report reviews the literature on the prevalence, causes, consequences and prevention of violence and stress from a financial sector perspective. Contents: sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in the financial services and its impact the sector and its workforce; information collection and reporting on violence and stress; illustrative cases of violence and stress in the sector; prevention, reduction, management and coping strategies.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 24p. 68 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/service/wp210.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1988 Di Martino V.
Relationship between work stress and workplace violence in the health sector
Based on an extensive literature analysis, this study tackles the issues of stress and violence at work in the health sector, highlighting the magnitude of the problem, the key factors and the way they interrelate. Contents: definition of stress and violence; stress as a source of workplace violence; workplace violence as a source of stress; cumulative effects of stress and violence; specific implications for the health sector (sector-specific environment as cause of stress and violence, impact on working conditions and employment, impact on costs); approaches to coping.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. viii, 33p. Illus. 50 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/health/stress-violence.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1983 Essenberg B.
Violence and stress at work in the transport sector
Violence and stress at work are a source of occupational risk in the transport sector that has attracted increasing attention over recent years. This working paper focuses mainly on public transport (railways and rural and urban transport systems), road freight transport and the taxi industry as well as civil aviation. Contents: violence and stress in the services sectors; character and causes of violence and stress at work in the transport sector; scope of violence and stress in the sector; information collection and reporting on violence and stress; prevention, reduction, management and coping strategies.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. v, 46p. Illus. 81 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/transport/wp205.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1987 Verdugo R., Vere A.
Workplace violence in sectors with implications for the education sector: Issues, solutions and resources
Schools are traditionally viewed as places for teaching and learning, not as places where violence occurs. And while the vast majority of schools are safe, the recent spate of school violence has created concern about safety in schools throughout the world. Teachers are concerned about their safety worldwide as well as about what can be done to remedy the problem. This working paper focuses comparatively on trends and experiences from other sectors, drawing lessons and suggesting ways in which the growing challenges of violence and stress may be addressed in schools and other educational sites. Contents: definition of key concepts; causes of workplace violence and stress; sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in the sector and its impact; examination of strategies to remedy the problem.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. vi, 42p. 176 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/education/wp208.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1986 Giga S.I., Hoel H., Cooper C.L.
Violence at work in the performing arts and in journalism
This working paper aims to identify issues relating to violence and stress affecting employees working in the media and the performing arts, covering a variety of jobs including acting, dancing, musical performance, media work and front-line journalism. Contents: sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in media and entertainment; causes of violence and stress; information collection and reporting on violence and stress in media and entertainment; examples of cases of violence and stress in these sectors.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. vii, 20p. 55 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/media/wp201.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1985 Hoel H., Einarsen S.
Violence at work in hotels, catering and tourism
Violence and stress at work are more prevalent in the service sector than in most others, because they arise from the contact between workers and the public and/or the customer. This working paper is a review of the literature on violence at work in hotels, catering and tourism. Contents: definitions; working conditions which may be conducive to violence and stress at work; vulnerable groups of workers; occurrence of violence and stress; economic impact of violence and stress; causes of stress; causes of sexual harassment; causes of violence and bullying (including the role of alcohol and drugs); under-reporting of violence; prevention, reduction, management and coping strategies.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. iii, 35p. 106 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/tourism/wp211.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1476 Mayhew C., Grewal D.
Occupational violence/bullying in the maritime industry: A pilot study
In this study on violence and bullying among seafarers, data were gathered from 108 seafarers of various nationalities by means of questionnaires and structured interviews. The international seafaring labour force was found to exhibit all the characteristics of the precarious labour force: weak labour market position, long hours of work, comparatively poor pay and frequency of violence and bullying. Such findings were not unexpected, given recent comprehensive studies of precarious labour in other industry sectors. However, the major differentiating factor was that seafaring crews are often multicultural, and this sometimes exacerbated tensions, leading to interracial violence, for example. Because most seafarers usually work far from their home social support networks, their vulnerability to a range of exploitative mechanisms is heightened. The implementation of the in-progress ILO code of practice on violence and stress at work in the service sector, based on the report entitled "Violence at work" (see CIS 00-599), may be a key step in reducing the risks of violence and bullying among seafarers.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2003, Vol.19, No.5, p.457-463. 23 ref.

CIS 03-1478 Mayhew C., Chappell D.
"Internal" occupational violence (or bullying) in the health care industry
This article focuses on "internal" occupational violence (or bullying) in the health care industry. Analysis of the findings of a range of international research studies indicate at least 8% of health care workers experience bullying of one sort or another from their colleagues each year. A further proportion are the recipients of more overt violence from colleagues. The article argues that these internal violent events are manifest on an escalating continuum of abuse, imposition of unreasonable work practices, threats and physical violence. Thus, the incidents differ in severity. Victims subjected to repeated humiliations and threats suffer diminished well-being and reduced productivity. It is concluded that holistic organization-wide prevention strategies are required for effectively reducing the risks of bullying in health care settings.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 2003, Vol.19, No.1, p.59-71. 125 ref.

CIS 03-1487 De Gasparo C., Grenier-Pezé M.
Clinical cohort study of patients who have suffered harassment: A quantitative sociological study
Etude d'une cohorte clinique de patients harcelés: une approche sociologique quantitative [in French]
This study involved 94 persons (31 men and 63 women) who consulted for bullying between June 1999 and December 2001 in a hospital department specializing in treating patients suffering from various forms of mental distress due to occupational factors. Patients were subjected to clinical examinations and responded to a 300-item questionnaire. Data were analysed to shed light on the following factors: characteristics of the victims of bullying (by sex, family situation, age and level of education); characteristics of the enterprises where the bullying took place (sectors of activity, working conditions, work organization); how the bulling process is initiated; characteristics of the bullying perpetrators (sex, hierarchical level); bullying techniques; consequences of bullying.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2003, No.95, p.307-331. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 03-1500 Everaert K., Van Heuverswyn K.
Violence, bullying and sexual harassment at work
Violence et harcèlement moral ou sexuel au travail [in French]
This guide presents the scope of application of the Law of 11 June 2002 on the protection of workers against violence, bullying or sexual harassment which came into force in Belgium on 1 July 2002. It outlines the responsibilities as specified by the law, the role of the occupational safety and health advisor and of the trusted advisor with respect to bullying, the protection of workers and penalties. It also proposes a practical step-by-step approach for implementing a policy for the prevention of bullying. Appendices include examples of an information notice aimed at workers, an enterprise policy statement and a form for notifying undesirable behaviour at the workplace.
PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2003. 23p. Price: EUR 12.95.

CIS 03-994 Vartia M.
Workplace bullying - A study on the work environment, well-being and health
This study (published as a thesis in the Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki), examines the prevalence of bullying, the risks of bullying in the work environment, bullying strategies, as well as differences between men and women in facing workplace bullying in various organizational settings, with an emphasis on the situation in Finland. Cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were carried out among 949 municipal employees and 1870 prison workers as well as longitudinal surveys over two years on 5432 hospital employees. Bullying was most common in prisons (prevalence 20.1%), followed by municipal institutions (10.1%) and hospitals (5.0%). Bullying correlates with a poor social and managerial climate and with violence among prison inmates. Prolonged bullying was associated with increased incidence of depression (OR 4.81) and cardiovascular disease (OR 2.31). Differences between the sexes were small, with men and women perceiving bullying equally often. Female victims were usually bullied by their co-workers, whereas male victims reported being equally often bullied by supervisors or managers and co-workers.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2003. 68p. Illus. 120 ref. Price: EUR 18.00.
http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/psyko/vk/vartia-vaananen/workplac.pdf [in English]

2002

CIS 08-990 Harassment at work - A trade union approach
Belästigungen am Arbeitsplatz: Eine Antwort der Gewerkschaft [in German]
Pesten op het werk: Een syndicaal antwoord [in Dutch]
Harcèlement au travail - Une réponse syndicale [in French]
This booklet makes the case that bullying at work is also the result of organizational failures, and that a trade union involvement is consequently appropriate. It presents facts, arguments, proposals for intervention and a synthesis of Belgian and European legislation. It also describes the typical profiles of the persecutor and the victim, and addresses comprehensively the roles of employers, safety committees and OSH specialists.
Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique, rue Haute 42, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, May 2002. 48p.
http://www.abvv.be/PDF/nl/Documents/2002/PESTEN.zip [in Dutch]
http://www.abvv.be/PDF/de/Documents/2002/HARCELE.pdf [in German]
http://www.abvv.be/PDF/fr/Documents/2002/HARCELEMENTMORAL.zip [in French]

CIS 07-332
Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft (seco)
Practical examples of the promotion of safety and health within the enterprise and psychosocial problems at the place of work, with emphasis on stress
Praxisbeispiele der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung und psychosoziale Probleme am Arbeitsplatz, insbesondere Stress [in German]
Exemples pratiques de la promotion de la santé dans l'entreprise et problèmes psychosociaux au poste de travail, en particulier le stress [in French]
Folder containing documents distributed to the participants of a conference on psychosocial problems at work held in Berne, Switzerland, on 21 and 22 October 2002. Papers presented are included either in the form of full articles, PowerPoint presentations or abstracts. Other information includes information sheets on stress published by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, the conference programme, list of participants, biographical summaries of the speakers and details of an ILO training programme on psychosocial problems at work.
Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 2002. Folder containing conference materials.

CIS 07-246 Stress at work - A guide for safety reps
This booklet is aimed at the safety representatives of a large public service trade union in the United Kingdom. It contains guidance for preventing stress among workers. Contents: definition of stress; causes of stress; cost of stress to employers; legal aspects; cases of workers having received compensation for occupational stress or bullying at the place of work; stress prevention policy; hazard evaluation; support for stressed workers; post-traumatic stress disorder; rights of safety representatives. An appendix includes a sample questionnaire for a workplace stress survey.
UNISON, 1 Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9AJ, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 25p. 5 ref.
http://www.unison.org.uk/acrobat/12879.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-748 Gianella Cataldi M.J.
Stress at the workplace
O stress no meio ambiente de trabalho [in Portuguese]
This publication examines aspects of occupational stress from a legal perspective. Contents: work relations; ambient conditions not directly related to work; types of occupational stress; stress factors related to certain occupations; bullying at the workplace; prevention of occupational diseases and accidents at the place of work; related activities of trade unions in Brazil, Italy, Argentina and Germany; ILO conventions. Appendices include lists of international treaties and legislation on working conditions.
Editora LTr, Rua Apa 165, CEP 01201-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2002. 143p. 47 ref.

CIS 04-500 How to tackle psychosocial issues and reduce work-related stress
Hvorledes håndteres psykosociale spørgsmål, og hvorledes reduceres arbejdsbetinget stress [in Danish]
Über den Umgang mit psychosozialen Problemen und die Reduzierung von arbeitsbedingtem Stress [in German]
Trópoi antimetṓpisēs tōn psuhokoinōnikṓn themátōn kai meíōsēs tou ághous pou ofeíletai stēn ergasía [in Greek]
Cómo abordar los problemas psicosociales y reducir el estrés laboral [in Spanish]
Kuidas lahendada psühhosotsiaalseid küsimusi ja vähendada tööstressi [in Estonian]
Att hantera psykosociala frågor och minska arbetsrelaterad stress [in Swedish]
Problèmes psychosociaux et stress au travail [in French]
Combattere la pressione psicosociale e ridurre lo stress legato al lavoro [in Italian]
Aanpak van psychosociale problemen en vermindering van stress op het werk [in Dutch]
Como enfrentaros riscos psicossociais e reduzir o Stresse no Trabalho [in Portuguese]
Ako zvládnut' psychosociálne problémy a znížit pracovný stres [in Slovak]
Miten psykososiaalisia kysymyksiä olisi käsiteltävä ja työperäistä stressiä vähennettävä? [in Finnish]
This fact sheet summarizes a report covering a number of programmes, practices and experiences across the Member States of the EU aimed at addressing psychosocial issues and preventing work-related stress. Topics covered: aims of the report; legislation and national regulations; improvements of the psychosocial work environment; reduction of stress; prevention of violence; prevention of bullying; success factors of good practice in stress prevention.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2002. 2p. Illus. 2 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/sv/FACTSHEETSN32-SV.PDF [in Swedish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/en/FACTSHEETSN32-EN.PDF [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/es/FACTSHEETSN32-ES.PDF [in Spanish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/fr/FACTSHEETSN32-FR.PDF [in French]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/da/FACTSHEETSN32-DA.PDF [in Danish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/de/FACTSHEETSN32-DE.PDF [in German]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/et/facts32_et.pdf [in Estonian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/el/FACTSHEETSN32-GR.PDF [in Greek]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/it/FACTSHEETSN32-IT.PDF [in Italian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/nl/FACTSHEETSN32-NL.PDF [in Dutch]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/pt/FACTSHEETSN32-PT.PDF [in Portuguese]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/sk/Fact32_SK.pdf [in Slovak]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/fi/FACTSHEETSN32-FI.PDF [in Finnish]

CIS 04-496 Bullying at work
Mobning på arbejdspladsen [in Danish]
Mobbning på arbetsplatsen [in Swedish]
Parenóhlēsē ston hṓro ergasías [in Greek]
Acoso moral en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Tööga seotud stress [in Estonian]
Työpaikkakiusaaminen [in Finnish]
Harcèlement moral sur le lieu de travail [in French]
Il mobbing sul posto di lavoro [in Italian]
Bauginimai darbe [in Lithuanian]
Pesten op het werk [in Dutch]
O assédio moral no local de trabalho [in Portuguese]
Šikanovanie na pracovisku [in Slovak]
Ustrahovanje na delovnem mestu [in Slovenian]
Mobbing [in German]
Bullying at work constitutes a significant problem in the European work force. The associated costs are considerable for both the worker and the organization. Prevention of bullying at work is one of the objectives of the European Commission' new strategy on health and safety at work. This fact sheet focuses on the use of intimidation in relationships between colleagues. Topics covered: definition of bullying; extent of the problem and persons affected; why bullying occurs; consequences; EU legislation; prevention of bullying at the workplace.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2002. 2p. Illus. 4 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/sv/FACTSHEETSN23-SV_.PDF [in Swedish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/en/FACTSHEETSN23_EN.PDF [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/es/FACTSHEETSN23-ES_.PDF [in Spanish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/fr/FACTSHEETSN23-FR_.PDF [in French]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/da/FACTSHEETSN23-DA_.PDF [in Danish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/de/FACTSHEETSN23-DE.pdf [in German]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/et/facts23_et.pdf [in Estonian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/el/FACTSHEETSN23-GR_.PDF [in Greek]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/it/FACTSHEETSN23-IT_.PDF [in Italian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/lt/faktai23.pdf [in Lithuanian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/nl/FACTSHEETSN23-NL_.PDF [in Dutch]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/pt/FACTSHEETSN23-PT_.PDF [in Portuguese]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/sk/Fact23_SK.pdf [in Slovak]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/sl/FACTS23_SL.pdf [in Slovenian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/23/fi/FACTSHEETSN23-FI_.PDF [in Finnish]

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