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Genetic factors in reaction to exposures - 1,840 entries found

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  • Genetic factors in reaction to exposures

2003

CIS 05-170 Globally harmonized system for the classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)
Sistema globalmente armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos (SGA) [in Spanish]
Al?ni@.zām al?mutawā'im (ala al?ṣa(īd al?(alāmī li?taṣnīf al?mawādd al?kīmiyā'iya wa wasmiha (Nun?Mim?(Ein) [in Arabic]
Spanish and Arabic versions of the document analysed under CIS 03-822. It describes the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). Following an introduction defining the purpose, scope and application, the classification criteria and the hazard communication elements (labelling and safety data sheets) as well as a glossary of the terms and abbreviation used, the harmonized classification criteria and hazard communication elements are given for 16 physical hazards and 10 health and environmental hazards. In addition, guidance is included in the document to assist countries and organizations in the development of tools for implementation of the GHS.
United Nations, Sales Section, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 2003. vi, 461p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (Spanish version); vi, 444p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (Arabic version). Price: USD 80.00.
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_s.html [in Spanish]
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_a.html [in Arabic]

CIS 04-551 Buzio L., De Palma G., Mozzoni P., Tondel M., Buzio C., Franchini I., Axelson O., Mutti A.
Glutathione S-transferases M1-1 and T1-1 as risk modifiers for renal cell cancer associated with occupational exposure to chemicals
This study investigates the possible interaction between occupational risk factors and genotype for glutathione S-transferases M1 and TI (GSTM 1 and GSTT 1) in renal cell cancer (RCC). One hundred patients with RCC and 200 outpatient controls were enrolled at Parma University Hospital. The polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were investigated by PCR; occupational history was collected by a structured questionnaire. Subjects with GSTM 1 present genotype showed higher risks for RCC, compared to GSTM 1 null subjects, if exposed to metals (OR 2.73) or pesticides (OR 3.46). The GSTT 1 present genotype also enhanced about twofold the risk of RCC among subjects exposed to solvents and pesticides, compared with those GSTT1 null. The results support the hypothesis that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms can interact with several occupational exposures to significantly modify the risk of RCC among exposed subjects.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2003, Vol.60, No.10, p.789-793. 30 ref.

CIS 04-576 Joffe M., Bisanti L., Apostoli P., Kiss P., Dale A., Roeleveld N., Lindbohm M.L., Sallmén M., Vanhoorne M., Bonde J.P.
Time to pregnancy and occupational lead exposure
Lead exposure is known to be harmful to the male reproductive system, including impairment of fertility. However, it is unclear whether currently existing low levels of exposure have this effect. This study retrospectively examines current workers in lead-using industries (battery manufacture, smelting, etc,), and in non-lead-using control industries in four European countries, with time to pregnancy as the outcome variable. Exposure assessment was mainly by blood lead values, which were available from the late 1970s, supplemented by imputed values where necessary. Three exposure models were studied: short term (recent) exposure, total duration of work in a lead using industry and cumulative exposure. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for the statistical analysis, with covariates for both partners. Results show that among the total of 1104 subjects that took part, 638 were occupationally-exposed to lead at the relevant time. Blood lead levels were mainly less than 50µg/dL. No consistent association of time to pregnancy with lead exposure was found in any of the exposure models. If any impairment of male reproductive function exists at the levels of occupational lead exposure now current, it does not appear to reduce biological fertility.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2003, Vol.60, No.10, p.752-758. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 04-665 Globally harmonized classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)
Soglasovannaja na global'nom urovne, sistema klassifikacii markirovki himičeskih veščestv (SGC) [in Russian]
This document is the Russian version of the document analysed under CIS 03-822. It describes the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). Following an introduction defining the purpose, scope and application, the classification criteria and the hazard communication elements (labelling and safety data sheets) as well as a glossary of the terms and abbreviation used, the harmonized classification criteria and hazard communication elements are given for 16 physical hazards and 10 health and environmental hazards. In addition, guidance is included in the document to assist countries and organizations in the development of tools for implementation of the GHS.
United Nations, Sales Section, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 2003. vi, 453p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 80.00.
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev00/00files_r.html [in Russian]

CIS 04-310 Tinnerberg H., Heikkilä P., Huici-Montagud A., Bernal F., Forni A., Wanders S., Welinder H., Wilhardt P., Strömberg U., Norppa H., Knudsen L., Bonassi S., Hagmar L.
Retrospective exposure assessment and quality control in an international multi-centre case-control study
This article presents the exposure assessment method and quality control procedure used in an international, multi-centre case-control study within a joint Nordic and Italian cohort. The study was conducted to evaluate whether occupational exposure to carcinogens influenced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes, giving rise to an increased cancer risk. Occupational hygienists assessed exposures in each participating country: Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway and Sweden. An independent Spanish occupational hygienist team coordinated harmonization of the assessment criteria and the quality control procedure. Variations in exposures assessed by the different assessors are discussed, together with the implications for the consistency of exposure assessments in international retrospective case-control studies.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Jan. 2003, Vol.47, No.1, p.37-47. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 04-165 Fahrig R., Görlitz B.D., Preiß A.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Genotoxic effects of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine including stability investigations
Prüfung der genotoxischen Wirkung von 3,3'-Dihydroxybenzidin einschließlich Untersuchungen zur Stabilität [in German]
In this study, the mutagenic activity of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine in various biological systems was examined. 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine induced isolated mutations in bacteria as well as genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations in cell cultures (V79). In a UDS test (non-programmed DNA synthesis) on rat hepatocytes, toxic effects were observed on the hepatocytes, but there was no increase in DNA synthesis. There was no evidence of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine toxicity in a micronucleus test on mice. The stability of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine in acetonitrile and in aqueous and organic solvent mixtures was also examined. In the latter case, degradation was observed in both buffered and unbuffered mixtures.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 196p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: EUR 17.00.

CIS 03-1536
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for sulfur mustard (Update)
This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of sulfur mustard (mustard gas) is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of eyes and the respiratory tract; skin burns (blisters); cough; bronchitis; long-term respiratory diseases; antifertility effects; cancer (respiratory airways, lung, skin).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 217p. Illus. Approx. 650 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp49.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1535
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for selenium (update)
This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of selenium is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes; pulmonary oedema; bronchitis; skin diseases; antifertility effects; neurological effects; cardiological effects. Update of CIS 97-216.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 418p. Illus. Approx. 1450 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp92.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1740 Makhniashvili I.
Nitro derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment
Nitrowe pochodne wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych w środowisku [in Polish]
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro derivatives (nitro-PAHs) are present in the environment. They are derived from products of natural origin, and are also formed as a result of thermal processes. These compounds are classified as harmful, carcinogenic and mutagenic. They pollute the atmosphere, the workplace air and various other parts of the environment.
Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.17-20. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 03-1768 Başaran N., Shubair M., Ündeğer Ü., Kars A.
Monitoring DNA damage in foundry and pottery workers exposed to silica by the alkaline comet assay
Workers in the foundry and pottery industries are exposed to a mixture of chemicals including silica, a substance widely suspected of causing genetic alterations. To investigate the potential hazard associated with the occupational exposure to silica, DNA damages in the peripheral lymphocytes of 30 foundry and 22 pottery workers were examined using the alkaline gel electrophoresis or comet assay method, and compared with 52 healthy subjects with no history of occupational exposure to silica or other chemicals. The DNA damage observed in the lymphocytes of both foundry and pottery workers was significantly higher than that among controls. DNA damage was also caused by cigarette smoking, since the damage observed in smoking silica-exposed workers compared with the non-smoking workers was significantly higher.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.602-610. 43 ref.

CIS 03-1062 n-Butyl acetate
Acétate de n-butyle [in French]
Acetato de n-butilo [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card published in 2003. Exposure routes: inhalation. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; effects on the central nervous system; lowering of consciousness when exposure is far above OEL. Long-term exposure effects: defatening of the skin. Threshold limit value: 150ppm as TWA; 200ppm as STEL (ACGIH 2003); pregnancy risk group C (DFG 2003). Synonyms: acetic acid, n-butyl ester; butyl ethanoate.
Internet documents, 2003, 2p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc03/icsc0399.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsnfrn/nfrn0399.html [in French]
http://www.mtas.es/insht/ipcsnspn/nspn0399.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1125 Meyer J.P., Moulin J.J., Leprince A.
27th International Congress on Occupational Health: "The Challenge of Equity in Health and Safety at Work"
27e congrès international de la santé au travail: "L'enjeu de l'équité en santé et en sécurité au travail" [in French]
Summary of papers presented at a conference on equity with respect to occupational safety and health, which was held in Iguaçu, Brazil, 23-28 February 2003. The papers are grouped under the following headings: inequality factors in occupational health; political and ethical approaches to the work-health relationship; health services for workers; improvements in working conditions; approaches oriented towards field work; proposals concerning priorities; biological monitoring; risks to reproductive health; musculoskeletal diseases; organic dusts; health care personnel; office workers.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2003, No.95, p.351-360.

CIS 03-1089 Faroon O.M., Keith L.S., Smith-Simon C., De Rosa C.T.
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Polychlorinated biphenyls: Human health aspects
Conclusions of this criteria document: studies on humans exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) show effects on sperm motility, foetal growth rate and development, and neurological functions of the offspring. Changes in the relative amounts of different circulating lymphocyte types were observed among children born to PBC-exposed mothers. Epidemiological studies suggest exposure-related increases in cancer of the digestive system, especially liver cancer, and malignant melanoma. Some studies indicate that PCBs are not genotoxic by direct mechanisms.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. iv, 58p. 301 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad55.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1088 Liteplo R.G., Meek M.E., Lewis M.
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Ethylene oxide
Conclusions of this criteria document: ethylene oxide is an ocular, respiratory and dermal irritant and a sensitizing agent; neurological effects (sensorimotor polyneuropathy) have been observed in workers exposed to relatively high concentrations. Based on animal studies, cancer is considered the critical end- point for effects of ethylene oxide on humans. There is some evidence of an association between exposure to ethylene oxide and haematological cancers, and of clastogenic changes induced in exposed workers. In experiment animals, ethylene oxide is foetotoxic and induces germ cell mutations and clastogenic changes.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. iv, 57p. Illus. 255 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad54.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1048 Ostiguy C., Malo S., Asselin P.
Synthesis of scientific knowledge on health hazards from occupational exposures to manganese
Synthèse des connaissances scientifiques sur les risques d'atteinte à la santé suite à une exposition professionnelle au manganèse [in French]
Contents of this criteria document on manganese: occurrence of manganese in the environment; occupational exposure to manganese; metabolism and distribution (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity mechanisms); biomarkers of exposure and effects; health effects (extrapolation to man of effects on animals, effects on the respiratory, reproductive and central nervous system (CNS)); current standards and recommendations. In view of the effects the CNS, ACCGIH is currently studying revising their recommended exposure limit for manganese from the current level of 0.20mg/m3 in total dust to 0.03mg/m3 in respirable dust.
Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, May 2003. 40p. 209 ref. Price: CAD 6.42.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/htmfr/pdf_txt/R-339.pdf [in French]

CIS 03-1464 Spurgeon A.
Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA)
Working time - Its impact on safety and health
This report analyses the effects of hours of work and the organization of working time on workers' safety and health. Main topics covered: current trends (number of hours, shift work, non-standard working hours); methodological issues; working time and health (mental health, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive disorders, effects in special work groups); working time and safety; individual differences (age, sex, circumstances, personality and behaviour, health status, job type); intervention strategies (work-schedule organization, modification of the work environment, modification of individual responses, training and education); practical recommendations for the management of working time (risk assessment, hazard identification, control measures, monitoring and adjustment of intervention measures; research needs).
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 143p. Illus. 220 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/condtrav/pdf/wtwo-as-03.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-808 Analysis of dangerous substances
Gefahrstoff-Analytik [in German]
Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws, and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: updates of the ordinance on the prohibition of chemical substances and the ordinance on dangerous substances; overhaul of the following technical rules (TRGS): classification and labelling of substances, preparations and dangerous products (200); fumigation (512) and list of sensitizing agents (907); update of the following technical rules (TRGS): determination of dangerous substances and analytical methods for substitution products (440), list of maximum permissible concentrations at the place of work (900), biological limit values at the workplace (903) and list of carcinogens, mutagens and substances having reproductive toxicity (905).
Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 61. Ergänzungslieferung, Feb. 2003. 224p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-822 Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)
Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH) [in French]
This document describes the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). Following an introduction defining the purpose, scope and application, the classification criteria and the hazard communication elements (labelling and safety data sheets) as well as a glossary of the terms and abbreviation used, the harmonized classification criteria and hazard communication elements are given for 16 physical hazards and 10 health and environmental hazards. In addition, guidance is included in the document to assist countries and organizations in the development of tools for implementation of the GHS.
United Nations, Sales Section, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 2003. 443p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price : USD 80.00.
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/officialtext_f.html [in French]
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_text-pdf/TOCe.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-534 Pillière F.
Indium
Indium [in French]
Indium is a rare metal whose industrial applications, mainly in the form of alloys, are limited. Its toxicity depends on the mode of exposure (its ingestion toxicity is particularly low) and on the specific compounds studied. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects have been reported for several compounds. There have been no reports of cases of toxicity resulting from chronic exposures in industrial settings.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 2003, No.138, 2p. 11 ref.

CIS 03-532 Pillière F.
Gallium
Gallium [in French]
Gallium is a widespread metal, mainly present in minerals. Industrial applications are mostly in the electronics industry, where gallium arsenide and phosphide are used. As shown in animal studies, the toxicity of gallium varies among species and gallium compounds. The main target organs are the lungs and the haemopoietic and immune systems. Reproductive effects have been observed with several compounds. There is little data on the toxicity of gallium itself during occupational exposures.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 2003, No.138, 2p. 15 ref.

2002

CIS 06-1039
Bureau of Workers' Activities
Health and safety for women and children
Salāma wa ṣiḥḥa al-nisā' wa al-aṭfāl [in Arabic]
Arabic translation of the manual indexed under CIS 97-444. This training module provides students with basic information on some of the health and safety issues for two special categories of workers: women and children. Contents: reproductive hazards (before conception, during pregnancy and after birth); other health and safety issues for women workers (personal security, maternity leave, maximum weights); information on the health of children at work (exposure to environmental agents, working capacity, psychosocial risks, primary health care); elimination of child labour (at the community and national level). In exercise: case studies on child labour. Glossary. Appendices: reproductive toxicity of certain chemicals; carcinogenic chemicals in electronics manufacturing; relevant ILO standards, conventions and recommendations
Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, 2002. x, 70p. Illus.

CIS 06-824 Guidelines on reproductive health policy & programmes at the workplace
Guidance document on the prevention of reproductive hazards for both women and men in the workplace, whether due to chemical, physical or biological agents.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Aras 2, 3 dan 4, Blok D3, Parcel D, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62502 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2002. iv, 48p. 25 ref.
http://dosh.mohr.gov.my/koperat/G-PANDUAN%20PDF/GUIDE-Reproductive%203-02%20(I).pdf [in English]

CIS 06-71 Reproductive health: Developing partnerships in the study of reproductive hazards in the workplace
This information note gives an overview of the types of studies conducted by NIOSH copncerning reproductive hazards in the workplaces. NIOSH develops partnerships to conduct three types of field studies (health hazard evaluations, industry-wide studies and technical assistance). Male reproductive health assessments include studies of the neuroendocrine function, spermatogenesis and fecundability, genetic damage to spermatozoa and sexual function. Female reproductive health assessments include studies of the neuroendocrine function, ovulation, menstrual cycle defects and luteal phase defects.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Apr. 2002. 1p. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/2002-152.pdf [in English]

CIS 05-517 Starek A.
Diquat dibromide
Dikwatu dibromek [in Polish]
Diquat is a non-selective herbicide mainly used in the form of its soluble dibromide salt, commonly also referred to as "diquat". Ingestion of diquat leads to severe lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver. This intoxication usually leads to death. The exposure to diquat aerosols may lead to irritation of nasal mucosa and upper airways. The acute toxicity of diquat for laboratory animals is relatively high by all routes of administration. Diquat is possibly also mutagenic and foetotoxic, and may exert a negative effect on the development of offspring. No carcinogenic effects have been reported. The recommended maximum exposure limit of 0.1mg/m3 is based on no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) derived from long-term studies on rats. The proposed short-term exposure limit value of 0.3mg/m3 is based on the irritant effects of the substance.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2002, Vol.33, No.3, p.51-65. 31 ref.

CIS 05-515 Piotrowski J., Orłowski C.
Cyclohexanone
Cykloheksanon [in Polish]
Cyclohexanone is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of nylon. Information on the toxicity of this substance in humans is fragmentary. Acute exposure is characterized by irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. In two exposed persons, drowsiness and renal impairment were found. However these workers were also exposed to other compounds. Hepatic disorders were found in a group of workers exposed for over five years. The proposed threshold limit value for cyclohexanone is based on the effects on reproduction. In female rats, following inhalation exposure at a concentration of 2600mg/m3 during the 9th to 16th day of pregnancy, a reduction of body weight was found in both the mother and the foetus. This concentration was accepted as being the lowest observed adverse effect level. The threshold limit value (time-weighted average) calculated on this basis is 40mg/m3, and the proposed short-term exposure limit is set at 80mg/m3.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2002, Vol.33, No.3, p.21-36. 27 ref.

CIS 05-514 Piotrowski J., Szymańska J.
Cyclohexanol
Cykloheksanol [in Polish]
Cyclohexanol is mostly used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of adipic acid. Information on the toxicity of cyclohexanol in humans is fragmentary. Acute exposures are characterized by irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Among workers of a caprolactam-producing plant exposed by inhalation for a long period, nonspecific disorders of the autonomic nervous system were observed. The proposed maximum admissible concentration for cyclohexanol is based on the toxic effects on the male reproduction system in experimental animals, which is considered to be the critical effect. In the present document, the proposed threshold limit value (time-weighted average) for cyclohexanol is set at 10mg/m3.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2002, Vol.33, No.3, p.5-20. 39 ref.

CIS 05-503 Starek A.
4-Aminobiphenyl
Bifenylo-4-amina [in Polish]
4-Aminobiphenyl is used in the rubber industry as an antioxidant and in the synthesis of azo dyes. It has a relatively low toxicity but is highly genotoxic and carcinogenic. The oral LD50 values for this compound in rodents range from 205 to 500mg/kg. 4-Aminobiphenyl and its metabolite N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl demonstrate the ability to induce gene mutations in bacterial tests. This and other metabolites produce adducts with the DNA and RNA of bladder epithelial cells. The carcinogenic potential of 4-aminobiphenyl has been evidenced in some animal species and in humans. The substance induces bladder tumours. A threshold limit value (time-weighted average) of 0.001mg/m3 is proposed.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2002, Vol.31, No.1, p.5-23. Illus. 78 ref.

CIS 03-1623 Cedergren M.I., Selbing A.J., Källén B.A.J.
Risk factors for cardiovascular malformation - A study based on prospectively collected data
This study included 277 women who had infants with a severe cardiac defect. Data on parental age, maternal reproductive history, disease in early pregnancy, reported maternal use of drugs and alcohol, smoking habits, parental occupation and maternal body mass index (BMI) were extracted from medical records. Maternal diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular malformation (odds ratio (OR) 2.38), as was a high BMI (> 29, OR 1.46). A tendency towards an increased risk was found for involuntary childlessness, spontaneous abortion, thyroid drugs and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Some known risk factors for cardiac defects (eg. maternal diabetes mellitus and the use of antiepileptics) could be identified in this study but other postulated risk factors could not be verified. It is possible, however, that there is an association with the use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for thyroid disease. The relationship between a high BMI and cardiovascular malformation observed in this study may be explained by impaired maternal glucose tolerance.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.12-17. 23 ref.

CIS 03-1774 Ghiassi-Nejad M., Varzegar R., Zakeri F., Rasouli-Nejad S.
Analysis of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of workers of a phosphate fertilizer factory
The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in 15 workers of an Iranian phosphate fertilizer factory exposed to chemicals and radioactive substances and in 15 unexposed controls. The exposed individuals showed higher frequencies of dicentrics as well as acentrics than the normal controls. The mean frequencies of chromosomal aberrations per 100 metaphases of workers and non-exposed controls were 5.06 and 1.52, respectively; those of micronucleated cells per 1000 binucleated lymphocytes of workers and controls were 47±8 and 12±5, respectively and the mean number of sister chromatid exchanges per 100 cells in workers and controls were 4.6±2.8 and 2.80±0.37, respectively. These results confirm the existence of clastogenic and genotoxic effects of chemical agents and radioactive materials.
Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2002, Vol.8, No.4, p.277-282. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 03-1472 Freude G., Ullsperger P.
Infuence of stress on human fertility
Einfluss von Stress auf die Fertilität des Menschen [in German]
This article presents the findings of a literature review on the influence of stress on fertility, an aspect little considered so far in publications on stress. It is not disputed that stress is an important factor in influencing the onset of reproductive disorders, both in men and women. Among women, stress induces chronic anovulation, psychogenic amenorrhoea, false pregnancies, menstrual disorders, increased prolactin levels and miscarriages. Among men, stress induces lower sperm counts, lower sperm mobility, changes in sperm morphology, impotence, ejaculatory disorders, and lower levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone.
Ergo-Med, May-June 2002, Vol.26, No.3, p.82-89. 38 ref.

CIS 03-1323
Health and Safety Executive
Vanadium and its inorganic compounds - Risk assessment document
Main conclusions of this risk assessment document: little information is available on the effects of vanadium and its compounds in humans. Animal studies indicate that toxicity tends to increase with oxidation state, the inhalation toxicity being classed toxic and harmful for pentavalent and tetravalent vanadium, respectively, based on studies on rats. A single study available on human volunteers indicated delayed bronchial effects after 8h exposures. There are reports of wheeze and dyspnoea among workers exposed to vanadium pentoxide dust and fume. Vanadium compounds do not produce gene mutations in standard in vitro tests, although there are indications of chromosome damage in in vivo somatic mammalian cells. There are no conclusive data on carcinogenicity. Animal studies indicate little or no reproductive effects.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2002. vi, 109p. 86 ref. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 03-811 Screening information data set - SIDS - for high production volume chemicals - Volume 7, Parts 1, 2 and 3
Ecotoxicological and toxicological (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, effects on reproduction, genetic effects) data for the risk assessment of: acetic anhydride; D & C Red No. 9; benzyl chloride; 2-butoxyethanol; 4-chloro-o-cresol; 2,6-dichlorotoluene; dicyclopentadiene; cresyl diphenyl phosphate; pentaerythritol; hydroquinone; melamine; 3-methyl butynol; α-methyl styrene.
United Nations Environment Programme, Case postale 356, 1219 Châtelaine, Genève, Switzerland, June 2002. viii, 328p. Index (Part 1); viii, 322p. Index (Part 2); viii, 295p. Index (Part 3).
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/indexcasnumb.htm [in English]

CIS 03-829
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
List of MAK and BAT values 2002
Contents of this publication on maximum concentration at the workplace and biological tolerance values (referred to by their German acronyms MAK and BAT, respectively): significance, use and derivation of MAK values; lists of substances with their CAS numbers, chemical formulae, MAKs in ppm and mg/m3, as well as their peak exposure category, skin absorption (H) and sensitization (S) codes, carcinogenicity category, pregnancy group code, mutagen category and vapour pressure (in hPa) at 20°C; lists of substances for which no MAK value has been established, and of substances known to be dangerous to pregnant women or the foetus, but which have not been assigned to a risk category; additional information on known or suspected carcinogens (including drugs and tobacco smoke), allergens and aerosols; indicative technical concentrations (TRKs) for carcinogens; definition of BAT values; lists of BAT values for some substances. Replaces 2001 edition (in German), CIS 01-1179.
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002. 222p. + xxxip. Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 03-806 Analysis of dangerous substances
Gefahrstoff-Analytik [in German]
Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws, and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: update of directive 67/548/EEC on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and of directive 91/155/EEC on safety data sheets; update of four ordinances implementing the Federal Law on the control of atmospheric pollution (BImSchV); overhaul of the technical rules (TRGS) on safety data sheets (220); update of the following technical rules (TRGS): identification and evaluation of hazards due to dangerous substances at the workplace (420), list of maximum permissible concentrations at the place of work (900), biological limit values at the workplace (903) and list of carcinogens, mutagens and substances having reproductive toxicity (905); introduction of COM/2002/0118, a new community on health and safety and health at work 2002-2006.
Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 59. Ergänzungslieferung, Aug. 2002. 270p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-740 Jung D., Böttiger A.
Mutagenicity and teratogenicity studies during the handling of cytostatic drugs
Studien zur Mutagenität und Teragenität beim Umgang mit Zytostatika [in German]
Three studies involving hospital pharmacists were carried out in order to establish mutagenic and teratogenic hazards during the handling of cytostatic drugs. Sister chromatid exchanges, breaks in DNA strands, alkyl guanidine transferase levels and mitosis levels were evaluated. Under working conditions that include the most recent technologies (work in laminar flow safety cabinets), no significant differences were observed between exposed and non-exposed groups.
Ergo-Med, Nov.-Dec. 2002, Vol.26, No.6, p.162-166. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 03-821 Guidance on evaluation of reproductive toxicity data
This monograph provides guidance in the form of a structured approach for the interpretation of reproductive toxicity data. The approach is illustrated through the use of examples from several fertility and developmental toxicity studies. The possible role of maternal toxicity in the interpretation of the study findings is also taken into account. Contents: overview of the reproductive process; review of test guidelines; effects on embryo-foetal development; effects on fertility and reproduction; structured approach to evaluation of reproductive toxicity data. Appendices include: test guideline comparison; summary data sets for example substances.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 2002. 136p. Illus. 87 ref. Price : EUR 50.00.

CIS 03-340
World Health Organization (WHO)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene
The following substances are evaluated in this publication with respect to their carcinogenicity in humans: some herbal medicines (aristolochia species and aristolochic acids; rubia tinctorum, morinda officinalis and anthraquinones; senecio species and riddelliine); some mycotoxins (aflatoxins and fumonisin B1); naphthalene; styrene. Herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus aristolochia and naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins are classified in group 1 (carcinogenic in humans); naturally-occurring mixtures of aristolochic acids are classified in group 2A (probably carcinogenic in humans); laxatives containing anthraquinone derivatives, riddelliine, naturally-occurring mixtures of fumonisin B1, naphthalene and styrene are classified in group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans); madder root (rubia tinctorum) is classified in group 3 (cannot be classified as to its carcinogenicity in humans).
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 2002. vi, 590p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 40.00.

CIS 03-283 Pillière F.
Endocrine disruptors and occupational hazards
Perturbateurs endocriniens et risques professionnels [in French]
The theory whereby substances may interfere with the endocrine system has its roots in environmental observations made for several years, such as reproductive anomalies in fish or mollusks (in particular sex alterations in fish in polluted rivers) or changes in the productivity of ecosystems. Effects on human health, such as the deterioration of sperm quality in certain agricultural regions, have also been reported for some time. So far, studies have mainly focussed on reproductive and thyroid effects, very few studies concerning other organs of the endocrine system being available. This review article presents a synthesis of current knowledge of the effects of endocrine disruptors following occupational exposures. Contents: introduction; human effects; occupational hazards; effects of certain classes of chemicals (pesticides, metals, solvents, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls); labelling; hazard evaluation; dissemination of information.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.337-352. 15 ref.

CIS 03-60 Bonnard N., Falcy M., Jargot D., Miraval S., Protois J.C., Schneider O.
1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiène [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: bivinyl; vinyl ethylene. Acute toxicity: inhalation exposure to concentrations above 10,000ppm induces coughing. a state similar to that under the influence of alcohol, fatigue, headache and blurred vision; higher concentrations can cause coma. Chronic toxicity: there is lack of data on toxicity to humans; mutagenic activity has been detected (chromosome changes); the substance is carcinogenic (leukaemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, haematopoietic cancer). Exposure limits (ACGIH): TWA = 2ppm. EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.601-013-00-X; T, F+, R12, R45, R46, S33, S45, 203-450-8. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 02-1407.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2002. 6p. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 03-195 Ibrahim K.S., Ahmed S.B.
Male endocrine dysfunction in lead smelter workers
Evidence of the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine function is controversial. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 69 workers employed for an average of 16 years and in 40 non-exposed workers. The mean blood lead concentration was 42.92±4.89µg/dL in the exposed workers and 29.5± 5.3µg/dL in the control group. Concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in exposed workers but there was no significant difference in the level of testosterone in both groups. Exposed workers showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of sexual problems (premature ejaculation, impotence, decreased libido). Periodic medical examination of workers and biological monitoring of blood lead are a necessity for the early detection of side effects or complications caused by exposure.
Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2002, Vol.8, No.1, p.31-38. 36 ref.

CIS 02-1991 Sheiner E.K., Sheiner E., Carel R., Potashnik G., Shoham-Vardi I.
Potential association between male infertility and occupational psychological stress
To investigate the influence of working conditions, occupational exposures to potential reproductive toxic agents and psychological stress on male fertility, male patients attending a fertility clinic were studied. 106 patients attended the clinic because of a male infertility problem (cases) while 66 attended because of a female infertility problem (controls). Male infertility was more associated with working in industry and construction as compared with other occupations (38.8% of cases, 23.0% of controls). Industry and construction workers were of lower educational level than the other workers, tended to smoke more (OR 2.53), worked more often in shifts (OR 3.12), reported physical exertion in work (OR 3.35) and were more exposed to noise and welding (OR 3.84 and 4.40 respectively). Male infertility was also found to be related to burnout indicators, the largest difference being obtained for cognitive weariness. Industry and construction jobs (OR 2.2) and cognitive weariness (OR 1.8) were found to be independent risk factors for male infertility problems.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2002, Vol.44, No.12, p.1093-1099. 51 ref.

CIS 02-1672 Zhai R., Liu G., Ge X., Yang C., Huang C., Wu C., Christiani D.C.
Genetic polymorphisms of MnSOD, GSTM1, GSTT1 and OGG1 in coal workers' pneumoconiosis
This study investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of various enzymes such as MnSOD, GSTM1, GSTT1, or OGG1 and susceptibility to coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). The study population was composed of 259 retired coal miners who had similar dust exposure histories. Of these, there were 99 cases with ILO chest radiological criteria for CWP and 160 controls. Individual dust exposure variables were estimated from work histories, and smoking information was obtained from interviews. Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques evaluated the genotypes of all study subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed no differences in genotype frequency of MnSOD, GSTM1, GSTT1, and OGG1 between miners with and without CWP. Cumulative dust exposures, but not genetic polymorphisms, were associated significantly with the presence of CWP. This study illustrates the complexity of factors that may contribute to the development of CWP.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2002, Vol.44, No.4, p.372-377. 36 ref.

CIS 02-1559
Health and Safety Executive
n-Propyl bromide - Hazard assessment document
There are no data on the effects of human exposures to n-propyl bromide. Available data are from experiments on rats. Target organs are the lungs (inflammation) and the central nervous system (depression). N-propyl bromide is a skin irritant. The most severe neurotoxic effects following prolonged inhalation appear in the form of histopathological lesions of the brain and peripheral nerves, a paralysis of the lower extremities and a decrease in nerve conduction speed. Spermatogenic inhibition has also been demonstrated.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. iv, 40p. 38 ref. Price: GBP 7.50.

CIS 02-1798 Kitamura F., Araki S., Suzuki Y., Yokoyama K., Tanigawa Y., Iwasaki R.
Assessment of the mutations of p53 suppressor gene and Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in malignant mesothelioma in relation to asbestos exposure: A study of 12 American patients
To examine whether malignant mesothelioma due to asbestos have genetic alterations in the p53 suppressor gene and in Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes, point mutations of these genes in paraffin-embedded operative open biopsied samples of the primary tumor of malignant mesothelioma of twelve patients were analysed. The genetic analysis was conducted by the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism method in all patients and by sequencing analysis of DNA bases in the two patients with suspected gene mutation. The analysis of the p53 suppressor gene showed an amino acid converting mutation of exon 7 in one patient and a polymorphism of exon 6 in another patient. No genetic alteration was found in exons 1 and 2 of Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in any of the patients. The results suggest that the effects of asbestos exposure on the p53 suppressor gene and Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in malignant mesothelioma are negligible.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.40, No.2, p.175-181. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 02-1788 Otsuka F.
Gene expression assay for hazard assessment of chemicals
Recent progress in the understanding of gene expression systems provides evidence that many industrial chemicals affect the transcriptional machineries directly or indirectly, and gene expression is now recognized as one of the main targets of many chemicals. In view of the increasing number of man-made chemicals, it is therefore necessary to establish a reliable gene expression assay with rapidity and high sensitivity. Among various gene expression assays, the so-called reporter assay is now accepted as a suitable tool to assess hazardous effects of chemicals on gene expression. This article focuses on the principle and applications of the reporter assay in research on endocrine disrupters.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.40, No.2, p.113-120. Illus. 49 ref.

CIS 02-1721 Kishi R., Kitahara T., Masuchi A., Kasai S.
Work-related reproductive, musculoskeletal and mental disorders among working women - History, current issues and future research directions
This literature review examines current issues and future research directions in occupational health of Japanese working women, with an emphasis on reproductive health, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and mental disorders. In earlier studies on reproductive health, the main concern was pregnancy outcomes. Subsequently, interest focused on fecundity studies, such as time to pregnancy. Future research will examine outcomes not only during pregnancy but also disorders of hormonal balance and post-menopausal health conditions. WMSDs are reviewed mainly with respect to sex differences and their causative factors. Historically, mental health research about working women in Japan focused on job stress of nurses. In this survey, Japanese studies are compared with recent research in Europe and USA which examine the interaction between occupational stress and family roles.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.40, No.2, p.101-112. Illus. 63 ref.

CIS 02-1719 Guide to good practices for improving occupational safety and health in the area of risks to reproductive health and maternity
Guía de buenas prácticas para la mejora de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo por razones de reproducción y maternidad [in Spanish]
This guide was developed as part of a European Union project for improving the protection of workers against risks to reproductive health and pregnancy (see CIS 02-1718) and is aimed at employers and employees, legal advisors, persons involved in collective bargaining and government services. It consists of three parts. The first part explains the basic biological aspects of human reproduction, the objectives of labour protection provisions, the responsibilities of employers, general hazards (mental and physical fatigue, work postures, stress, infection hazards) and specific hazards (physical, chemical and biological hazards, conditions of work). The second part presents the rights of workers during pregnancy, the different types of parental leave and the benefits offered by social security services. The final part explains the guaranteed rights (job protection against dismissal, other guarantees with respect to contractual relations, right to occupational safety and health protection). Appendices include: tables of substances with risk phrases R60, R61, R63 and R64; biological agents hazardous to female reproductive health; classification of substances having reproductive toxicity.
Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Dirección General de la Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Spain, 2002. 126p. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 02-1718 European project for the improvement of security and health in the workplace due to reproduction pregnancy reasons
Proyecto europeo para la mejora de la seguridad y la salud laboral por razones de reproducción y maternidad [in Spanish]
This booklet presents a general overview as well as the conclusions of a European project aimed at improving the protection of workers in the area of risks to reproductive health and pregnancy. Based on the results of a study of the systems adopted in various European Union countries, it singles out the best European practices applicable to Spain for the purpose of preparing guides on good practices aimed at employers, persons involved in collective bargaining and labour inspectors. Proposed improvements to European directives and the national provisions in this area are also included.
Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Dirección General de la Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Spain, 2002. 32p.

CIS 02-1568 Reproduction and maternity
Reproducción y maternidad [in Spanish]
This leaflet published by the Spanish National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health describes the contents of four new occupational safety and health guides focused on risks to reproductive health, pregnancy and nursing mothers: guide to good practices for improving occupational safety and health with respect to reproduction and pregnancy (see 02-1719); guide to collective bargaining in the area of occupational risks to reproduction and pregnancy; guide for labour inspectors including check lists for risks to reproductive health and pregnancy; proposals for improving standards on the prevention of occupational risks to reproductive health and pregnancy.
Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Dirección General de la Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Spain, 2002. 6p. Illus.

CIS 02-1834
World Health Organization (WHO)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Man-made vitreous fibres
This monograph presents the views and expert opinions of an IARC working group which met in Lyon, France, 9-16 October 2001 on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans of man-made vitreous fibres. Special-purpose glass fibres such as E-glass and 475-glass, as well as refractory ceramic fibres were rated 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans); insulation glass wool, continuous glass filaments, rock wool and slag wool were rated 3 (not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans).
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 2002. vii, 418p. Illus. Approx. 500 ref. Index.

CIS 02-1240 Brender J., Suarez L., Hendricks K., Baetz R.A., Larsen R.
Parental occupation and neural tube defect-affected pregnancies among Mexican Americans
In this case-control study, it was examined whether parental occupational exposures were related to neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancies among Mexican Americans living along the Texas-Mexico border. Case women were 184 Mexican-American women with NTD-affected pregnancies; control women were 225 study-area residents who delivered normal babies during the same period as the case women. The women were interviewed in person about maternal and paternal occupations and work exposures during the peri-conceptional period. Compared with control women, case women were more likely to have had occupational exposures to solvents and also were more likely to have worked in cleaning or health care occupations than control women. No compelling associations were found between paternal work exposures or occupations and NTDs in offspring in this population.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2002, Vol.44, No.7, p.650-656. 40 ref.

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