Genetic factors in reaction to exposures - 1,840 entries found

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2005

CIS 06-874 Mechanisms for the protection of health of pregnant working women
Mecanismos para proteccion de la salud de la trabajadora gestante [in Spanish]
This document describes the potential health hazards for pregnant women and the unborn child arising from exposures in the workplace and examines legal measures for the protection of pregnant women workers. The role of trade unions is also investigated.
Instituto Laboral Andino (ILA), Av. Paseo de la República N°3832, Oficina 502, Lima 27, Peru, Dec. 2005. 60p. Illus.
http://www.ila.org.pe/publicaciones/docs/doc_02.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-817 Pastides H., Doll R., Acquavella J.F., Alavanja M.
Agricultural exposures and cancer
Compilation of papers presented at an international conference on agricultural exposures and cancer held in Oxford, United Kingdom, 19-22 November 2002, grouped under the three following headings: epidemiology of the relationship between agricultural exposure and cancer; exposure assessment; toxicology of agricultural exposures.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 2005, Vol.31, Suppl.1, p.1-163 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 06-758 4-nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotolueno [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet for 4-nitrotoluene. Inhalation exposure to high concentrations of 4-nitrotoluene may cause effects on the central nervous system characterized by nausea, headache, dyspnoea, unconsciousness and coma. It may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. Skin contact causes irritation and skin absorption may result in toxic effects. Contact with the eyes may cause irritation and possible burns. Long-term effects may be delayed. ACGIH threshold limit value 2ppm (plus skin notation).
Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Carrera 20, No.39-62, 6839 Bogotá, Colombia, 2005. 4p. Illus.

CIS 06-899 Karakaya A.E., Ozcagli E., Ertas N., Sardas S.
Assessment of abnormal DNA repair responses and genotoxic effects in lead exposed workers
Genotoxic effects of lead were studied in blood cell samples from 23 workers of battery manufacturing plants and 23 unexposed controls. Tests included chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and X-ray induced challenge (XRC) assay to assess DNA damage and interference with DNA repair processes after an in vitro exposure of X-ray. Cases were classified into categories according to their blood lead levels. The CA frequencies in the exposed and control groups were not significantly different by the conventional CA assay, however, the XRC assay demonstrated significantly elevated CAs. Non-significant but reduced DNA repair responses were also observed in lead exposed workers. The results suggest that lead exposure may cause reduction in DNA repair capacity.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2005, Vol.47, No.4, p.358-363. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 06-861 Rodríguez Ortiz de Salazar B., Jardón Dato E,, Maqueda Blasco J.
Occupational hazards during pregnancy
Riesgos laborales durante el embarazo [in Spanish]
This article describes the potential physical, chemical, biological and other hazards faced by pregnant women at work and examines the effects of the introduction of legislation to improve occupational safety and health for pregnant or breastfeeding workers. Measures are proposed for improving the equity of benefits for occupational risk protection during pregnancy and for informing women of the hazards they face.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Mar. 2005, Vol.LI, No.198, p.53-63. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 06-884 Guignon N., Sandret N., Vincent R.
Exposures to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances
Exposition aux produits cancérogènes, mutagènes et reprotoxiques [in French]
Results of the SUMER 2003 survey of workers' exposure to occupational hazards, indicate that an estimated 2.3 million workers are exposed to carcinogens in France. Among the 83 chemicals or chemical families listed in the SUMER questionnaire, 28 are carcinogens, among which four are also classified as mutagens, and three are classified as reprotoxic. Most exposed workers are blue-collar male workers. Many women are exposed in the health and personal care sectors. During the last ten years, there has been a slight increase in exposures to carcinogens, but technical protective measures have become far more widespread. However, more than one third of the exposed workers still do not benefit from these measures.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2005, No.104, p.471-483.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20144/$File/TF144.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-652 Barruyer C.
Chemicals and fertility, a poorly understood link
Substances chimiques et fertilité, un lien trop méconnu [in French]
This article examines the antifertility effects of chemical substances commonly used in the construction industry. Substances with suspected spermicidal effects include some glycol ethers (banned in France since 1997), phthalates used as PVC plasticizers, styrene and some solvents. It is recommended that the exposure to these substances be limited, in particular through the use of personal protective equipment.
Prévention BTP, Dec. 2005, No.80, p.52-54. Illus.

CIS 06-627 Haufroid V., Lison D.
Mercapturic acids revisited as biomarkers of exposure to reactive chemicals in occupational toxicology: A minireview
This short literature review examines the use of mercapturic acids as a biological exposure index for electrophilic chemicals. The review considers the analytical methods available to measure mercapturic acids, the advantages of mercapturic acids compared to other well-validated biomarkers and the high inter-individual variability in mercapturic acids excretion. Recent field and experimental studies confirm the usefulness of mercapturic acids as a biological exposure index for electrophilic chemicals and highlight the advantages of a toxicogenetic approach for a better interpretation of the results of biological monitoring.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, June 2005, Vol.78, No.5, p.343-354. Illus. 75 ref.
http://www.springerlink.com/media/3pvxje0mrh1wqp9d9dcg/contributions/v/7/u/2/v7u2t32222p28q74.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-625 Laffon B., Teixeira J.P., Silva S., Loureiro J., Torres J., Pásaro E., Méndez J., Mayan O.
Genotoxic effects in a population of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs, and relationship with genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes
Concern about the genotoxic risk associated with chronic handling of antineoplastic drugs has increased, and usual safety practices may not avoid exposure. The comet assay and micronuclei (MN) test were performed on 30 oncology nurses and 22 controls. Data obtained showed increased cytogenetic and DNA damage in the exposed group, although statistical significance was only reached in the comet assay. There is evidence that the present handling practices of antineoplastic drugs in some Portuguese hospitals may not prevent exposure. Present data suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the studied DNA repair enzymes may influence the individual susceptibility to DNA damage related to chronic handling of antineoplastic drugs.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2005, Vol.48, No.2, p.128-136. Illus. 75 ref.

CIS 06-680 Globally harmonized system of classification of chemicals (GHS)
Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH) [in French]
Sistema Globalmente Armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos (SGA) [in Spanish]
This document describes the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), developed through cooperation between the ILO, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations. Following an introduction defining the purpose, scope and application of the GHS, this guide sets out the classification criteria and hazard communication elements (symbol, signal word, hazard statement) for 16 physical hazards, 10 health hazards and environmental hazards along with guidance on making a classification. This first revised edition of the GHS contains revised provisions concerning classification and labelling, new provisions for aspiration hazards and new guidance on the use of precautionary statements and pictograms and on the preparation of safety data sheets.
United Nations, Sales and Marketing Section, Palais des Nations, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, rev. ed, 2005. 537p. Illus. Bibl. ref. Price: USD 95.00.
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev01/01files_e.html [in English]
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev01/01files_f.html [in French]
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev01/01files_s.html [in Spanish]

CIS 06-674 Idrovo A.J., Sanin L.H., Cole D., Chavarro J., Cáceres H., Narváez J., Restrepo M.
Time to first pregnancy among women working in agricultural production
This study explores risk factors potentially associated with reduced fertility among women working in cut flower production. A cross-sectional study of time to first pregnancy was undertaken in 47 Colombian floriculture companies. 2,085 women were interviewed regarding potential reproductive, lifestyle and work history predictors of time-to-pregnancy (TTP), measured in months. Fertility odds ratios (FORs) were estimated for various factors associated with longer TTPs. Reduced FORs were found for the several factors, including work in flower production, less than 24 months (FOR 0.86) or two years or more (FOR 0.73).
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 2005, Vol.78, No.6, p.493-500. 45 ref.

CIS 06-376 Ichihara G.
Neuro-reproductive toxicities of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane
2-Bromopropane (2-BP), used as an alternative to chlorofluorocarbons in a Korean electronics factory, caused reproductive and haematopoietic disorders in male and female workers. After identification of 2-BP toxicity, 1-bromopropane (1-BP) was introduced as an alternative. 1-BP was considered less mutagenic than 2-BP, but subsequent animal experiments revealed 1-BP to be a potent neurotoxic substance. It was also revealed that 1-BP has reproductive toxicity, but with target cells that are different from those of 2-BP. After the first animal study describing the neurotoxicity of 1-BP, human cases were reported showing decreased vibration perception, paraesthesia in the lower extremities, decreased sensation in the thighs, ventral and gluteal regions, stumbling and headache, as well as mucosal irritation. More work is necessary on the dose-response of bromopropanes in humans and on the mechanisms underlying the differences in toxic effects between the two bromopropanes.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Mar. 2005, Vol.78, No.2, p.79-96. 94 ref.

CIS 06-371 Lai C.H., Liou S.H., Lin H.C., Shih T.S., Tsai P.J., Chen J.S., Yang T., Jaakkola J.J.K., Strickland P.T.
Exposure to traffic exhausts and oxidative DNA damage
To assess the association between exposure to traffic exhausts and indicators of oxidative DNA damage, a case-control study was undertaken involving 47 female highway toll station workers and 27 female office workers as a reference group. Exposure assessment was based on average and cumulative traffic density and a biomarker of exposure, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHPG). Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) was measured as an indicator of oxidative stress related to traffic exhaust exposure. The mean concentration of urinary 8-OHdG was substantially higher among the exposed nonsmokers compared with the reference non-smokers. The mean concentration of NO among the exposed was also higher compared with the reference non-smokers. In linear regression adjusting for confounding, 8-OHdG was statistically significantly related to 1-OHPG. Results indicate that exposure to traffic exhausts increases oxidative DNA damage. Urinary 8-OHdG is a promising biomarker of traffic exhaust induced oxidative stress.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2005, Vol.62, No.4, p.216-222. 31 ref.

CIS 06-367 Bilban M., Bilban Jakopin C., Ogrinc D.
Cytogenic tests performed on operating room personnel (the use of anaesthetic gases)
The cytogenic effects of chronic exposure to small doses of anaesthetic gases was studied in a group of workers handling these gases in operating theatres. Results were compared with those from radiologists exposed to ionizing radiation and from a group of Slovene citizens who were never exposed to genotoxic agents. Tests included structural chromosomal aberrations (SCA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and the micronucleus assay (MN). The average frequency of SCAs in the study group was significantly higher than in the group of radiologists and Slovene citizens. The frequency of SCE and MN was also significant. These findings confirm those of previous studies, indicating that exposure to anaesthetic gases induces changes in human chromosomes.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 2005, Vol.78, No.1, p.60-64. 23 ref.

CIS 06-255 Cézard C., Mathieu-Nolf M.
Organo-sulfur compounds
Dérivés organiques soufrés [in French]
Organo-sulfur compounds include a wide variety of substances such as mercaptans, sulfides, sulfoxides, benzothiazoles, sulfates, thioureas and sulfones. They are used in the chemical industry and in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, crop protection and chemical warfare (for example as mustard gas). Signs of toxic effects frequently occur in occupational settings. Localized toxic effects are observed for many of the substances that are irritants. Their systemic toxicity is highly variable. Some are sensitizers (sulfides, sulfoxides, sulfates), mutagens (some sulfides in particular), carcinogens (mustard gas) or have been shown to have teratogenic effects in experimental animals (dimethyl sulfoxide).
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 4th Quarter 2005, No.149, 9p. 132 ref.

CIS 06-254 Saillenfait A.M., Laudet-Hesbert A.
Phthalates (II)
Phtalates (II) [in French]
This article presents a summary of current knowledge on the toxic properties of the most commonly-used phthalic acid esters. Based on published information regarding their physical and chemical properties and their toxicology, phthalates can be classified into three broad classes. Those of low molecular weight (including methyl and ethyl phthalate) are used as solvents and in the cellulosic polymer industry; they are slightly more soluble in water than other phthalates. Phthalates with high molecular weights are practically only used as polyvinyl chloride plasticizers; they are insoluble in water and have very low vapour pressure. Phthalates whose molecular weight lies in between are characterized by having a far greater toxic potential, particularly with respect to reproduction and development.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 4th Quarter 2005, No.149, 10p. Illus. 134 ref.

CIS 06-2 Manganese dioxide
Dióxido de manganeso [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet for manganese dioxide. Contents: synonyms (manganese (IV) oxide, manganese peroxide, black manganese oxide, cement black, manganese oxide, manganese superoxide); ACGIH threshold limit value of 0,2mg/m³ (TWA); potentially harmful health effects (irritation, effects on the central nervous system, kidneys and lungs, haematological changes); first aid; measures in the event of fires or spills; handling and storage; control of exposures and personal protection; environmental protection and waste disposal.
Protección y seguridad, Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Bogotá, Colombia, 2005. 4p. Illus.

CIS 06-132 Sitarek K.
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone: Documentation of maximum admissible values for occupational exposure
1-Metylo-2-pirolidon: Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego [in Polish]
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (methylpyrrolidinone, NMP) is an industrial solvent. It can be absorbed through the skin. The substance is not mutagenic, genotoxic or carcinogenic but it is embryotoxic, foetotoxic and teratogenic at doses which are non-toxic to the mothers. On the basis that it disturbs prenatal development in more than one animal species, in the Scandinavian countries NMP has been classified in the IB group, which comprises substances probably harmful to human reproduction. Based on the NOAEL value obtained in an experimental study (500 mg/m³) and appropriate uncertainty factors, a TLV of 120 mg/m³ and a short-term exposure level of 240 mg/m³ have been proposed. In addition, notations are suggested for irritation, foetotoxicity and skin absorption.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2005, Vol.43, No.1, p.103-115. 26 ref.

CIS 06-129 Starek A.
1,1-Dichloro-l-nitroethane: Documentation of maximum admissible values for occupational exposure
1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroetan: Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego [in Polish]
1,1-Dichloro-l-nitroethane (DCNE) is a colourless liquid with an unpleasant odour. It is toxic in laboratory animals. Irritation of the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract have been observed. DCNE exerts systemic toxic action on parenchymal organs (lung, liver, kidney, heart) and is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. On the basis of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for irritation of the upper respiratory tract from animal experiments and the appropriate uncertainty factor, the maximum admissible concentration (TWA) was set at 30 mg/m³. A short-term exposure limit of 60 mg/m³ and irritant (I) notation are recommended.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2005, Vol.43, No.1, p.57-65. 8 ref.

CIS 06-50 Rodríguez C.A.
Workers' health: Contributions to a failed subject
La salud de los trabajadores: contribuciones para una asignatura pendiente [in Spanish]
This publication addresses issues related to the safety and health of workers in Latin America. Chapters cover the following main topics: pathologies and hazards at the place of work (cancer, reproductive or developmental effects, endocrine effects, pesticides, methodology for the medical supervision of workers, hazards in hospital settings); benefits and gaps in social security coverage in the field of occupational safety and health; analysis of occupational safety and health issues in Latin America and actions to be undertaken; improvements in working conditions; analysis of accident causes and safety and health training; major occupational safety and health issues (globalization, inequalities and their consequences, economic aspects, codes of conduct, ethics).
Superintendencia de Riesgos del Trabajo (SRT), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2005. 445p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 05-642 Cicolella A.
Exposures to glycol ethers: Current situation
Exposition aux éthers de glycol: état des lieux [in French]
Glycol ethers are used in many areas, particularly in paints, but also in inks, varnishes and cutting fluids. Ethylene glycol derivatives (also known as E-series glycol ethers) are known to be genotoxic and to cause reproductive toxicity. Some products are carcinogens. They have been largely replaced by the less toxic propylene glycol derivatives (P-series glycol ethers). This article reviews the current situation with respect to occupational exposures to glycol ethers and examines resulting health hazards. Contents: European classification and regulations; official position of the Consumer Safety Commission regarding the full substitution of the E-series; kidney diseases; view of the chemical industry; recent research findings.
Face au risque, May 2005, No.413, p.21-24. Illus.

CIS 05-254 Saillenfait A.M., Laudet-Hesbert A.
Phthalates
Phtalates [in French]
Phthalic esters or organic phthalates consist of a family of chemicals that are widely used, mainly as PVC plasticizers for numerous consumer and industrial products. Their volatility and water solubility are low. This information note covers the six phthalates whose use is currently the most important. Among rodents, the main observed toxic effects concern the liver, and include liver tumours in the case of diisononyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. However, it is generally accepted that in view of the mode of action of these substances these effects cannot be extrapolated to humans. The effects of certain phthalates that are the cause of most concern relate to reproductive and pre-birth developmental effects: di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can affect the male reproductive system (both during development and among adults) and are embryotoxic and foetotoxic.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 2005, No.146, 9p. 102 ref.

CIS 05-409 Exposure limits at the workplace 2005 [Switzerland]
Grenzwerte am Arbeitsplatz 2005 [in German]
Valeurs limites d'exposition aux postes de travail 2005 [Suisse] [in French]
List of exposure limits at the workplace for 2005 in Switzerland. Contents: definitions of exposure limits for harmful substances; list of exposure limit values (including short-term exposure values); carcinogens and other harmful exposures (carcinogenic nitrosamines, benzo(a)pyrene and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, passive smoking at the workplace, asbestos, mutagens, substances toxic for reproduction, artificial mineral fibres, organic peroxides, inert substances, dust and gases); definition of the biological exposure indices (BEI); biological monitoring of harmful substances; list of BEIs; BEI of carcinogens; admissible threshold values for physical agents at the workplace (ionizing radiations, non-ionizing radiations, noise and vibration, compressed air, infrared radiation). Replaces CIS 03-520.
Suva, Arbeitsmedizin, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 2005. 144p. Illus.
http://wwwitsp1.suva.ch/sap/its/mimes/waswo/99/pdf/01903-f.pdf [in French]
http://wwwitsp1.suva.ch/sap/its/mimes/waswo/99/pdf/01903-d.pdf [in German]

CIS 05-172 The toxicology of glycol ethers and its relevance to man
Glycol mono-ethers are liquids that combine the solubility characteristics of ethers and alcohols since both functional groups are present. As a result, they are widely used in solvent applications, including formulations such as paints, inks and cleaning fluids. Non-solvent applications include anti-icing agents in jet fuel, hydraulic system fluids and chemical intermediates. Glycol ethers have a high potential to penetrate the skin (as a liquid or vapour) and this represents the dominant potential route of exposure. The majority of glycol ethers are of low acute toxicity; the main effect seen in laboratory animals at high doses is narcosis, typical of many solvents. Some glycol ethers are eye irritants. Numerous studies with glycol ethers show that they do not exhibit genotoxic activity. Glycol ether exposure has been associated with anaemia, leukaemia, granulocytopenia, increased risk of abortion or reduced sperm count in painters, but these effects could be confounded by simultaneous exposure to other chemicals.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, 4th ed., Feb. 2005. 202p. Illus. Approx. 1000 ref. Price: EUR 125.00. Profiles of 44 substances are provided on a companion CD-ROM (included).

CIS 04-504 The Labour Protection Council in session: Exposure to carcinogenic agents, psychosocial hazards, occupational safety in forestry work and in the road transport of dangerous substances
Obradowała Rada Ochrony Pracy przy Sejmie RP: Narażenie na czynniki rakotwórcze, zagrożenia psychospołeczne, bezpieczeństwo przy pracach w lesie i w transporcie drogowym towarów niebezpiecznych [in Polish]
The meeting held on 29 and 30 November 2004 focused - among others - on the impact of carcinogenic agents on cancer incidence, psychosocial hazards at work, occupational safety in forest and during road transport of dangerous substances. The aim of the meeting was to publicize the fact that the working conditions in Poland still depart from European standards. In this article different hazards are described, and statistical evidence concerning these hazards is presented.
Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Jan. 2005, Vol.402, No.1, p.8-10. Illus.

2004

CIS 07-31
Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego
Workers' magazine: Lead
Revista do trabalhador: Chumbo [in Portuguese]
This videotape explains how workers and others may be exposed to lead and lead compounds in the form of vapour or dust or ingested in contaminated drinks or food. Exposure may result in lead poisoning, causing damage to the nervous system and kidneys and reproductive effects.
Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, [ca 2004]. Videotape (VHS format), 12min.

CIS 06-1263 Ethanol
Etanol [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet on ethanol. Inhalation of high concentrations of ethanol may cause effects on the central nervous system, including unconsciousness and coma. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation and depression of the central nervous system. Contact with the skin may cause moderate irritation and cyanosis. Contact with the eyes causes severe irritation and may cause sensitization to light, chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Long-term effects include reproductive effects and damage to the liver, kidneys and heart. The liquid and vapour forms of ethanol are inflammable.
Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Carrera 20, No.39-62, 6839 Bogotá, Colombia, 2004. 4p. Illus.

CIS 06-1030
Bureau of Workers' Activities
Male and female reproductive health hazards in the workplace
Maẖāṭir al-ṣiḥḥa al-injābīa ladā al-ḏukūr wa al-ināṯ al-nāši'a ⁽an makan al-⁽amal [in Arabic]
Arabic translation of the manual indexed under CIS 97-436. This training module contains information on how occupational hazards can affect the reproductive system of workers of either sex. Topics discussed include: the mechanism of reproductive damage (prior to conception, during pregnancy, after birth); sources of knowledge on reproductive hazards of chemical, physical or biological agents and of the work situation in general; protection against reproductive hazards; role of the health and safety representative; case study of negative male fertility outcome due to chemical exposure at work; glossary. In appendices: list of chemicals with reproductive toxicity; reproductive hazards to men and women; industries where there is evidence of adverse reproductive outcome in exposed women (without linkage to specific exposures); examples of agents toxic to the male reproductive system; carcinogenic chemical in electronics manufacturing; examples of substances observed to induce adverse reproductive outcomes following exposure during pregnancy.
Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, 2004. x, 35p. Illus.

CIS 06-201 Magnusson L.L., Bonde J.P., Olsen J., Möller L., Bingefors K., Wennborg H.
Paternal laboratory work and congenital malformations
A study was carried out on male employees of biological and biomedical institutions in Swedish universities from 1970 to 1989. A control group comprised workers in non-biological departments of the same universities. Female partners were linked to the Swedish Medical Birth register. The total number of pregnancies available for study was 4170. The relationship between major malformations and exposure to laboratory work and to specific laboratory agents or techniques before the third trimester of pregnancy was analysed using logistic regression. There were a total of 81 births with at least one major malformation: 44 among those exposed to paternal laboratory work and 37 among the reference group. It was concluded that while the prevalence of congenital malformations was not increased in the offspring of male laboratory workers in general, paternal work with agents such as carcinogens could be of concern.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2004, Vol.46, No.8, p.761-767. Illus. 43 ref.

CIS 06-178 Díaz-Valecillos M., Fernández J., Rojas A., Valecillos J., Cañizales J.
Chromosome alterations in workers exposed to ionizing radiation
Alteraciones cromosómicas en trabajadores expuestos a radiaciones ionizantes [in Spanish]
The objective of this study was to examine and characterize chromosome alterations and their relationship with radiation doses, length of occupational exposure and length of weekly exposure. It involved 18 Venezuelan petroleum industry workers exposed to ionizing radiation for at least one year and a control group of randomly selected non-exposed workers. For the exposed group, average age was 46.1 years, duration of employment was 17.5 years and weekly exposure was 4.3 hours. Chromosomal anomalies consisted of simple fragilities (66%) and combined fragilities with chromosome breaks, deletions and polyploidies (22%). Among controls, chromosome alterations consisted of simple fragilities in 55% of cases. Among radiologists, 88.8% of the chromosome alterations were found for doses below permissible levels. 88% of the radiologists showing anomalies had been exposed for over 10 years. The results indicate that, depending on the duration of employment and weekly exposures, chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation may cause chromosome alterations.
Investigación Clínica, Sep. 2004, Vol.45, No.3, p.197-211. 39 ref.

CIS 05-397 Whole effluent assessment
There is increasing recognition by regulators that there are limitations to the substance-specific approach for assessing and controlling the environmental fate and effects of effluents. Many regulators are seeking more holistic techniques such as whole effluent assessment to supplement existing approaches. This report provides an overview of whole effluent assessment approaches in terms of their applicability to existing regulation, the types of tests being considered (ecotoxicity tests, bioaccumulation, persistence, endocrine disruption and genetic toxicology) and how whole effluent assessment could be tailored to meet specific objectives. Case studies are also provided with recommendations made regarding the applicability of various whole effluent assessment approaches.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2004. 125p. Illus. 221 ref. Price: EUR 125.00.

CIS 05-260
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls and poybrominated diphenyl ethers (Update)
This profile has been prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and poybrominated diphenyl ethers are identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; relevance to public health; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and guidelines; glossary. Health hazards include acne and hair loss. Animal experiments show PBBs to cause birth defects at high concentrations. PBBs are possible human carcinogens (IARC group 2B). (Update of CIS 97-225).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2004. xx, 564p. Illus. Approx. 1150 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp68.pdf [in English]

CIS 05-360 Luderer U., Bushley A., Stover B.D., Bremner W.J., Faustman E.M., Takaro T.K., Checkoway H., Brodkin C.A.
Effects of occupational solvent exposure on reproductive hormone concentrations and fecundability in men
To assess fertility and reproductive endocrine function in solvent-exposed men, this study investigated time-to-pregnancy of in a cohort of painters and millwrights compared to a reference group of carpenters. Detailed data on occupational exposure, medical history and time-to-pregnancy were obtained by telephone interview. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone concentrations were determined by immunoassay. FSH concentrations increased significantly with increasing exposures to all solvents and to chlorinated solvents. There were no significant associations of solvent exposures with LH or testosterone levels. LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations also did not differ by job title. Time-to-pregnancy was non-significantly longer in the painters and millwrights than the carpenters. There was no significant association between time-to-pregnancy and any of the exposures. The significant associations between FSH levels and solvent exposures suggest the potential for adverse effects of solvent exposures on reproductive function in men.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 2004, Vol.46, No.6, p.614-626. Illus. 49 ref.

CIS 05-8 Maître A., Perdrix A.
Isocyanates
Isocyanates [in French]
Isocyanates are characterized by the presence of one or several highly-reactive functional groups, providing them with exceptional industrial properties. This high reactivity also explains why they represent the most important chemical cause of occupational asthma in industrialized countries, and particularly in France. The severity of the pathologies is related to the nature of the induced asthma and bronchiolitis that follow acute exposures. However, there is still a lack of understanding of both the complex physiopathological mechanisms and the mutagenic effects. The requirement for strictly-controlled technical prevention measures, particularly in spray painting, is causing users to consider substitution products.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 4th Quarter 2004, No.145, 5p. 64 ref.

CIS 05-162 Shiau C.Y., Wang J.D., Chen P.C.
Decreased fecundity among male lead workers
The objective of this study was to investigate time to pregnancy (TTP) in wives of male workers exposed to lead in order to determine the dose-response relation between blood lead and decreased fecundity. 163 currently-employed married male lead battery workers were classified into five categories of exposure based on questionnaire information and annual blood lead levels. Information pertaining to the TTP was collected using personal interviews of men and their spouses. Fecundity ratios (FRs) were calculated using regression techniques. After controlling for other factors associated with TTP, a dose-response relation was observed between blood lead level and TTP. The measured FRs were 0.90, 0.72, 0.52 and 0.40 for concurrent blood lead levels of <20, 20-29, 30-39, and >40µg/dl, respectively. These results corroborate the hypothesis that a raised blood lead level affects fecundity.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2004, Vol.61, No.11, p.915-923. Illus. 42 ref.

CIS 05-17 Cruz Nogueira A.F.
Metals - Hazards from occupational exposure
Metais - Riscos de exposição profissional [in Portuguese]
This information booklet, which is primarily intended for employers and employees of small enterprises, explains how to avoid or reduce the risks due to exposure to metals. After a general introduction on exposure to metals and its effects, it goes on to describe in detail the risks related to exposure to cadmium, lead and hexavalent chromium, covering the following aspects for each of these substances: physical and chemical properties; uses and occupations that present risks; metabolism; acute and chronic toxicity and effects on health; recommendations and protective measures; current legislation; determination in workplace air.
Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, March 2004. 40p. Illus.

CIS 04-529 Vogel L.
Occupational health - Eight priority action areas for Community policy
Santé au travail - Huit terrains d'action pour la politique communautaire [in French]
Over a hundred thousand people in the European Union are killed each year in an accident or by a disease caused by poor working conditions. This brochure provides a broad overview of some of the on-going discussions on key occupational health issues in the European Union. Contents: occupational health, a key area for reducing social inequalities in health; Community strategy for the period 2002-2006; prevention systems for a coherent strategy; important factors in work organization; chemical risks, a major cause of occupational health-related mortality; job insecurity; improving knowledge and prevention in reproductive health and maternity; recognition of occupational diseases.
European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 5 Bd du Roi Albert II, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, 2004. 32p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 10.00.
http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/publications/files/FR-sant%C3%A9-syndicat.pdf [in French]
http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/publications/files/UK-health-TU.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-415 Hanke W., Jurewicz J.
The risk of adverse reproductive and developmental disorders due to occupational pesticide exposure: An overview of current epidemiological evidence
This literature survey examines epidemiological studies on the association between parental occupation in agriculture and the incidence of infertility, congenital malformations, miscarriage, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age birth, pre-term delivery and stillbirth. The findings suggest the need to increase awareness of workers who are occupationally exposed to pesticides about their potential negative influence on fertility and pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, in the light of existing although still limited evidence of adverse effects of pesticide exposure on fertility during the pre-conceptual period, the exposure to pesticides should be reduced at all times.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2nd quarter 2004, Vol.17, No.2, p.223-243. 80 ref.

CIS 04-406 Bilban M.
Mutagenic testing of workers exposed to toluene-diisocyanates during plastics production process
This study on the potential mutagenicity of toluene diisocyanates (TDI) involved 26 workers exposed to TDI during the production of plastics, together with 21 non-exposed controls. The concentration of TDI ranged between 0.007mg/³ and 0.016mg/³. Structural chromosome aberrations (SCA) were evaluated in 200 lymphocytes of peripheral blood, with an average occurrence of 2.6. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were examined in 50 cells, the average occurrence being 8.127. Micronuclei (MN) were examined in 500 blocked cytokinesis cells, with an average occurrence of 12.07. The corresponding averages of the control group were 1.89 (SCA), 5.52 (SCE) and 4.38 (MN), respectively. The difference between the groups is of statistical significance, thus confirming the mutagenic activity of toluene diisocyanates or their metabolites.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2004, Vol.45, No.5, p.468-474. 25 ref.

CIS 04-399
World Health Organization (WHO)
Childhood pesticide poisoning - Information for advocacy and action
Pesticide poisoning is a serious health problem that disproportionately affects infants and children. Pesticides can be harmful when improperly used or stored, key risks being cancer, birth defects, damage to the nervous system and disruptions to the functioning of the endocrine system. The purpose of this booklet is to provide information on the effects of pesticide exposure on women and children and to propose appropriate preventive actions. Contents: texts of relevant international agreements; current knowledge concerning the risk of pesticide poisoning among children; what can be done to prevent pesticide poisoning among children at the local, regional, national and international levels; activities of international organizations.
United Nations Environment Programme, 11-13 chemin des Anémones, 1219 Châtelaine, Genève, Switzerland, May 2004. 37p. Illus. 38 ref.
http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/en/pestpoisoning.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-26 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) (CAS No. 460-73-1)
Conclusions of this criteria document: animal experiments show that 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) presents a low level of acute inhalation toxicity; long-term exposures at concentrations of 50,000ppm were tolerated with minimal signs of toxicity; at that level, HFC-245fa demonstrated no developmental effects. In genetic testing, HFC-245fa was not mutagenic in bacteria, although it induced some chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes; no micronuclei were found in mice exposed to 100,000ppm. These data suggest that HFC-245fa does not represent a significant carcinogenic hazard. To date, no adverse effects have been reported in humans.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 2004. 44p. Illus. 51 ref.

CIS 04-28
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for strontium
This profile characterizes the toxicological and adverse health effects information for strontium. It was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. It identifies and reviews the key literature that describes the toxicological properties of strontium. Contents: public health statement; relevance to public health; health effects; chemical, physical and radiological information; production, import, export, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Stable (non-radioactive) forms of strontium have low acute and chronic toxicity. There is insufficient data concerning reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity of stable strontium. Radiation from radioactive strontium may cause bone marrow damage, anaemia and skin damage. It is genotoxic and may cause leukaemia and cancers of the bone, nose, lung and skin. IARC has determined that radioactive strontium is carcinogenic in humans (class 1).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 2004. xxii, 387p. Illus. Approx. 1400 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp159.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-167 Tuimala J.
Inherited DNA repair capacity and individual responses to carcinogens
Although humans are exposed daily to genotoxic carcinogens, the body has efficient means to deal with absorbed harmful compounds. However, wide inter-individual differences have been shown to exist concerning the capacity to respond to chemical carcinogens. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of polymorphisms in various DNA repair genes, the cytogenic damage (mutagen sensitivity, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatide exchange) and the risk of cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. The results show that polymorphism of DNA repair genes are able to influence the individual responses to genotoxic and carcinogenic exposures.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FIOH-Bookstore, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2004. 83p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 18.00.
http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/bio/bioja/vk/tuimala/inherite.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1821 Berenguer Subils M.J., Gadea Carrera E.
Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances
Clasificación, envasado y etiquetado de las sustancias peligrosas [in Spanish]
This information note is an update of the note NTP 459-1997 (CIS 98-253) which takes into account recent changes in legislation concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of hazardous substances, and in particular of the Royal Decree 363/95 (CIS 01-631). Contents: classification of hazardous substances according to their physical, chemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties; characteristics of packaging and labelling (product name, address of the manufacturer or importer, danger symbols, R and S phrases, EC number); information that must appear on the safety data sheet of a hazardous substance.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 7p. Illus. 2 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/ntp/ntp_635.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1650 Solé Gómez M.D.
Reproductive health protection and promotion: Role of health care personnel of occupational safety and health services
Protección y promoción de la salud reproductiva: funciones del personal sanitario del servicio de prevención [in Spanish]
This information note describes the role of the medical staff of occupational safety and health services with respect to the prevention of hazards to reproductive health or to the development of the unborn child. Topics addressed: identification of the population subject to the risk of reproductive function changes; organic changes in pregnant women, new mothers and breast-feeding women; training and information of male and female personnel on the risks to reproductive health; advice tailored to the individual; specific prevention measures (three months prior to conception, during pregnancy, during breast feeding). Risk factors that need to be taken into account for the evaluation of hazards among breast-feeding women or new mothers, as well as critical periods and possible mechanisms of risks to reproductive health in case of paternal exposure to chemical agents, are presented in tabular form.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 12 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/ntp/ntp_612.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1742 Fernández García R.
Future European Union strategy for chemical substances and preparations
Estrategia para la futura política de la Unión europea en materia de sustancias y preparados químicos [in Spanish]
The European Union has proposed a new regulatory framework for chemicals entitled REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) according to which enterprises producing or importing more than one ton of a chemical substance each year will be required to register the substance in a centralized database. This article presents the strategy of the European policy with regard to chemicals, in particular the REACH system, and discusses the changes it implies for the chemical industry, the timing for its implementation and its economic impact.
Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 2004, No.167, p.28-41. Illus. 6 ref.

2003

CIS 06-117 Rosenman K.D., Sims A., Luo Z., Gardiner J.
Occurrence of lead-related symptoms below the current Occupational Safety and Health Act allowable blood lead levels
To determine the occurrence of symptoms of lead toxicity at levels below the current allowable OSHA blood lead level of 50µg/dL, standardized telephone interviews were conducted among individuals participating in a statewide laboratory-based surveillance system. Four hundred and ninety-seven individuals, 75% of the eligible participants, were interviewed. Gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and nervous system symptoms increased with increasing blood lead levels. All symptoms were reported to increase among individuals with blood lead between 30 and 39µg/dL and possibly at levels as low as 25-30µg/dL for nervous system symptoms. The results of this study are consistent with and provide added weight to previous results showing subclinical changes in the neurological and renal systems and in sperm counts at blood lead levels currently allowed by OSHA.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2003, Vol.45, No.5, p.546-555. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 06-105 Lebailly P., Devaux A., Pottier D., De Meo M., Andre V., Baldi I., Severin F, Bernaud J., Durand B., Henry-Amar M., Gauduchon P.
Urine mutagenicity and lymphocyte DNA damage in fruit growers occupationally exposed to the fungicide captan
The objective of this study was to determine haematological parameters, urine mutagenicity (on three Salmonella typhimurium strains), and DNA damage (using the comet assay) in mononuclear leucocytes of farmers before and after a one-day spraying period of pear and apple trees with the fungicide captan in usual conditions. A total of 19 farmers were exposed to captan during the 1998 and the 2000 spraying seasons. It was found that one-day spraying periods with captan and other pesticides does not significantly induce DNA damages in mononuclear leucocytes. In contrast, inefficient protective clothing could correlate with an increase in urine mutagenicity.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2003, Vol.60, No.12, p.910-917. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 06-179 Zakeri F., Assaei R., Varzegar R.
Chromosomal aberrations in workers occupationally exposed to chronic low-level ionizing radiation
To determine whether prolonged or repeated low-level exposure to ionizing radiation can induce chromosomal aberrations (CAs), a large-scale cytogenetic study of 450 radiation-exposed workers (industrial radiographers and personnel from nuclear research, medical X-ray diagnostic and nuclear medicine centres) was undertaken using the yield of CAs analysed in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The results were compared with those of a control group consisting of healthy persons with no history of occupational exposure to radiation. The findings showed that the incidence of all types of CAs was significantly higher in all exposed groups than in the controls. The highest rate of aberrations was found among industrial radiographers and the lowest was obtained in the personnel of medical X-ray diagnostic centres. Although the mean frequency of CAs among male workers was slightly higher than among females, no obvious trend of increased aberrations as a function of either duration of employment or age was observed. The results suggest that education and retraining of staff concerning radiation safety guidelines and regulations and the use of up-to-date equipment are major considerations in reducing the workers' radiation exposure.
Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2003, Vol.9, No.1, p.33-38. 21 ref.

CIS 06-98 Mármol-Maneiro L., Fernández-D'Pool J., Sánchez B.J., Sirit Y.
Seminal profile of workers exposed to cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides
Perfil seminal en trabajadores expuestos a plaguicidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa [in Spanish]
The objective of this study was to examine the physical and chemical properties of the sperm of workers exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and to highlight a possible relationship with the total cholinesterase level in blood. The study involved 29 subjects aged between 20 and 54 years, exposed for four hours a day during a minimum period of one year, and a control group of 30 unexposed subjects. Results of spermatograms and measurements of blood cholinesterase levels showed significant differences between exposed subjects and controls in terms of sperm concentrations and quality. Results suggest that cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides influence some sperm variables.
Investigación Clínica, June 2003, Vol.44, No.2, p.105-117. 50 ref.

CIS 05-170 Globally harmonized system for the classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)
Sistema globalmente armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos (SGA) [in Spanish]
Al?ni@.zām al?mutawā'im ⁽ala al?ṣa⁽īd al?⁽alāmī li?taṣnīf al?mawādd al?kīmiyā'iya wa wasmiha (Nun?Mim?⁽Ein) [in Arabic]
Spanish and Arabic versions of the document analysed under CIS 03-822. It describes the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). Following an introduction defining the purpose, scope and application, the classification criteria and the hazard communication elements (labelling and safety data sheets) as well as a glossary of the terms and abbreviation used, the harmonized classification criteria and hazard communication elements are given for 16 physical hazards and 10 health and environmental hazards. In addition, guidance is included in the document to assist countries and organizations in the development of tools for implementation of the GHS.
United Nations, Sales Section, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 2003. vi, 461p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (Spanish version); vi, 444p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (Arabic version). Price: USD 80.00.
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_s.html [in Spanish]
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_a.html [in Arabic]

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