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Occupational exposure limits - 3,466 entries found

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1993

CIS 94-1504 Phenylmercuric nitrate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; renal dysfunction. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; possible antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as HG): 0.1mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1503 Mercuric phenylacetate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; renal dysfunction. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; possible antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as HG): 0.1mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1694 Occupational exposure limits to dangerous substances in France
Valeurs limites d'exposition aux substances dangereuses en France [in French]
This data sheet presents in a single table the various substances for which the French Ministry of Labour has established admissible values of concentration in workplace atmospheres or which the Ministry has listed as possibly carcinogenic (circular letters dated 19 July 1982 and 14 May 1985, and subsequent circular letters, as well as special regulations). The table is preceded by summary information on: definitions and rationale for admissible values, sampling and analysis methods, formula for adding individual contaminant concentrations, aerosols, limitations of admissible values, mandatory limit values, limit values recommended by the National Workmen's Compensation Board, carcinogenic substances. Appendix: European admissible values according to European Dir. 91/322/EEC of 29 May 1991.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1993, No.153, Note No.1945-153-93, p.557-574. Illus.

CIS 94-1642 Drummond I.
Light hydrocarbon gases - A narcotic, asphyxiant, or flammable hazard?
A model used to predict the potency of anaesthetic gases is proposed for predicting the onset of narcosis from exposure to light hydrocarbon gases (C1 to C3) in a workplace setting. The validity of the model is confirmed using human experience from diving (nitrogen narcosis) and workplace exposure to toluene. The solubility of a gas or vapour in olive oil must be known to use the model. The air/olive oil partition coefficients of 15 hydrocarbons (C1 to C4, plus hexane and benzene) were measured. The model predicts that the light hydrocarbon gases are not just simple asphyxiants but fast-acting agents inducing narcosis as expressed in loss of judgment, disorientation, dizziness, and light-headedness. It is recommended that in addition to an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure limit (1000ppm), a maximum exposure limit is needed. This is set at 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) on the basis of avoidance of narcosis and recognition of the explosive hazards of the gases.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Feb. 1993, Vol.8, No.2, p.120-125. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 94-1640 Kennedy G.L., Brock W.J., Banerjee A.K.
Assignment of skin notation for threshold limit values chemicals based on acute dermal toxicity
The skin notation with a threshold limit value (TLV) indicates that significant quantities of the chemical may be absorbed through that route to produce undesired systemic effects. The relationship between the dermal LD50 for a given chemical and the occurrence of skin irritation at the TLV was examined. An association was found, but it was weak. It is suggested that all chemicals found to have LD50 values lower than 1000mg/kg be initially assigned a skin notation until more definitive work proves otherwise. Furthermore, effects that can be produced following repeated dermal exposures using reasonable dose concentrations need to be evaluated for the purpose of a skin notation.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 1993, Vol.8, No.1, p.26-30. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 94-1631 Jayjock M.A., Hawkins N.C.
A proposal for improving the role of exposure modeling in risk assessment
Current exposure assessment models for indoor air inhalation exposures are evaluated in the context of the uncertainty that exists in both the dose-response assessment and the exposure assessment. A tiered system is proposed for implementing exposure assessments. Each tier involves additional research, but also would lead to reductions in uncertainty. The authors discuss a possible comprehensive research programme that will permit the building of well-validated models that relate indoor air inhalation exposures to classes of chemicals, building types, and exposure scenarios.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1993, Vol.54, No.12, p.733-741. Illus. 43 ref.

CIS 94-1133 Oxalic acid
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema; may affect the kidney. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; urinary lithiasis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1mg/m3 (ACGIH 1990-1991): STEL: 2mg/m3 (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1132 Osmium tetroxide
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as Os): 0.0002ppm; 0.0016mg/m3 (TWA); 0.0006ppm; 0.0047mg/m3 (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1131 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; jaundice. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic disorders; cirrhosis; probable human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: A2, skin (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1130 Nitromethane
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidney. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 100ppm; 250mg/m3 (ACGIH 1989-1990); PDK: 30mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1127 Nicotine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; respiratory insufficiency. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.5mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1126 Metribuzin
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5mg/m3 (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1305 Hogan T.J., Ward E.M.
Case study "Carcinogens" - The MBOCA TLV Example, and response to this article
In the USA 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) was proposed to be classified as carcinogenic on basis of a study by E.M. Ward et al. The Polyurethane Manufacturers Association engaged a number of people (including T.J. Hogan) to look into the background material. The result was that the proposed classification was changed to suspected carcinogen. In one of these articles Hogan evaluates the work of Ward, and outlines a number of insufficiencies. In the other article Ward defends the study and explains the background for the conclusions.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1993, Vol.54, No.8, p.458-463. 30 ref.

CIS 94-1198 Czerczak S., Indulski J.A., Kowalski Z.
Current principles of hygienic standards setting - Part I
A critical analysis of the present situation with respect to hygienic standard setting is presented. The authors introduce requirements for developing scientifically based exposure limits for chemicals as well as differences between documentation of recommended exposure limits for agents occurring in the working environment and for those occurring in the environment in general.
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.2, p.117-126. 8 ref.

CIS 94-1330 1993-1994 Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices
New material or revisions for 1993-94 include: proposed TLVs for acetone cyanohydrin, calcium cyanide, dimethylethoxysilane, hexachlorobenzene, methyl tert-butyl ether, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide and sulfometuron methyl; revisions of 23 listings; transfer of 25 substances and of airborne particle sampling criteria from the Notice of Intended Changes list to the Adopted list; deletion of the short-term exposure limit (STEL) for manganese fume; addition of STELs of two substances; proposed BEIs for cobalt and N,N-dimethylacetamide; revision of four BEIs; withdrawal of the BEI for toluene; adoption of biological determinants for arsenic and soluble compounds, cadmium and inorganic compounds, carbon monoxide, mercury, methyl isobutyl ketone and trichloroethylene; revisions for six physical agents; addition of ergonomics to the Physical Agents Under Study list.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Building D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438, USA, 1993. vi, 124p.

CIS 94-1020 Beije B., Lundberg P.
Occupational exposure limits - Health based values or administrative norms?
Lectures given at the First International Course on Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs), held 19-23 Apr. 1993 at Visby, Sweden. The development of OELs in the Nordic countries is discussed from the scientific, sociological and technological points of view. Management of OELs in Germany, the European Communities and the USA is described. The British and American approaches to risk assessment are discussed. Other themes: the discrepancy between exposure and received dose, ethical issues, the influence of experimental and epidemiological studies, assessment of data for certain classes of substance, OELs for mixtures of agents, OELs and vulnerable populations.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 137p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 94-823 Vinyl toluene (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Synonym: ethenylmethylbenzene. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m3 (TWA); 100ppm, 483mg/m3 (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-812 2-Methylpyrrolidone
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the respiratory tract; corrosive to the eyes. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs, bone marrow and lymphatic system. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 100mg/m3 (USSR 1984).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-809 Methyl isobutyl ketone
International chemical safety card. Synonym: hexone. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and kidney. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 205mg/m3 (TWA) (ACGIH 1989-1990).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-807 Methyl acetate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects; damage to the optical nerve. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm, 610mg/m3 (ACGIH 1985-1986).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-802 Magnesium oxide
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and nose; metal fume fever. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as fumes): 10mg/m3 (ACGIH 1989-1990).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-795 Cresol (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; chemical burns; may affect the lungs, kidney and liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 22mg/m3 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-703
International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association
The use of lasers in the workplace - A practical guide
This ILO publication is one of a series of practical guides on occupational hazards arising from non-ionizing radiation providing basic knowledge of issues concerning the use of lasers in the workplace. The following topics are covered: characteristics of laser radiation; the biological and health effects; occupationally related exposure type and effects; hazard evaluation; instrumentation and measurement techniques; occupational exposure limits and safety standards; control of and protection from exposure to laser radiation; and the principles of an administrative structure needed to ensure laser safety in workplaces. Glossary.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1993. ix, 60p. Illus. Appendices. 33 ref. Price: CHF 17.50.

CIS 94-661 HTP values 1993
HTP-arvot 1993 [in Finnish]
HTP-Värden 1993 [in Swedish]
HTP-values (haitalliseksi tunnetut pitoisuudet) are the lowest concentrations of airborne chemicals in the workplace that could cause harm to workers. They are defined by the Finnish Ministry of Labour on the basis of published data, especially the criteria documents of the Nordic Expert Group, and take account of the European Commission's indicative exposure limits. The present list of about 420 entries replaces that of 1987, with 16 revised values and 10 new substances or groups. Absolute exposure limits are given separately for asbestos, benzene, lead, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and vinyl chloride. In annexes: conversion of ppm to mg/m3; calculation of average concentrations on the basis of periodic samples; evaluation of mixed exposures; synonyms; text of the Decision of the Council of State (No.920 of 8 Oct. 1992) defining HTP values, their methods of determination and their uses.
Työministeriö, Julkaisumyynti, PL536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, 1993. 44p. 7 ref.

CIS 94-475 2-Methoxyethyl acetate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver, kidney and blood; may impair male fertility. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 24mg/m3 (skin) (ACGIH 1989-1990).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-472 Isooctyl alcohol (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm; 266mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-470 Isobutyl acetate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV:150ppm; 713mg/m3 (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-469 Hydrogen cyanide, liquefied
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as C): 10ppm; 11mg/m3 (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK 0.3mg/m3 (skin) (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-464 Formic acid
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 9.4mg/m3 (TWA); 10ppm; 19mg/m3 (STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-463 Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; pulmonary oedema (often delayed); convulsions; arrythmia; coma; respiratory depression. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.05mg/m3 (ACGIH 1989-1990).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-462 Fenamiphos
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption. Long-term exposure effects: depression of blood cholinesterase. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-461 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 25mg/m3 (CEILING) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-460 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 1mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-457 Ethylene
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: may cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 100mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-455 Ethanethiol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm; 1.3mg/m3 (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK: 1mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-641
Department of Social Affairs and Employment, Directorate-General of Labour (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid)
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for pyridine
This publication (prepared in cooperation between the Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards (DEC) and the Swedish Criteria Group (SCG), whose criteria document on pyridine in the series Arbete och hälsa 1991:49 by M. Warholm has already been abstracted as CIS 93-610) presents an evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to pyridine. This substance is mainly used as a solvent and is also an intermediate in the production of e.g. pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods; toxicokinetic data; general toxicological effects in animal and humans (short-term exposure and long-term exposure); effects on organs; biochemical effects; reproductive effects and effects on pregnancy; mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; evaluation of human health risks. The critical health effect of pyridine seems to be its effect on the central nervous system and the liver. Based on the data available, the Dutch Expert Committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for pyridine of 1mg/m3 (0.3ppm), 8h-TWA, with a skin notation. Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 8+20p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 94-341 Guide to occupational exposure values - 1993
This guide (for a previous citation, see CIS 92-2007) enables comparison of the most recently published exposure limits for approx. 800 substances. Abbreviations, terms and codes are explained. The values (TWA and STEL/ceiling/peak) listed are: the 1993-1994 Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); the 1989 amended Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and the June 1993 Air Contaminants Final Rule from the US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); the 1992 Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); and the 1992 Maximum Concentration Values in the Workplace (MAKs) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area; carcinogen classification codes (IARC, MAK, NISOH, NTP, OSHA, TLV). Index by CAS number.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240, USA, 1993. 122p.

CIS 94-333 Wibowo A.A.E.
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust
Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observation of adverse effects in man; previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk; recommendations for research. Analysis of the data available shows that the lung is the critical organ in occupational exposure to PVC dust particles. Studies of workers of PVC compounding plants suggest that average exposure to 1.6mg/m3 respirable PVC dust particles induces acute airway constriction during the shift. From this study it is concluded that the NOAEL for this effect is about 0.4mg/m3. It is emphasized that it is difficult at the present time to evaluate a health-based recommended exposure limit of PVC based on human data. Analysis of animal data and the use of a safety factor in the extrapolation from animal to human, results in a recommended exposure limit for PVC respirable dust of 0.5mg/m3, 8h-TWA. Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 49p. 64 ref.

CIS 94-332 Wibowo A.A.E.
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for arc welding fume particles not containing chromium and nickel
Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to arc welding fume particles not containing chromium and nickel. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observations of adverse effects in humans; previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks; recommendations for research. It is found that for either MIG-MAG/MS or MMA/MS welding fume particles, three elements dominate the composition from the health assessment point of view: iron oxide, manganese dioxide and silicon oxide. The most important health effects of exposure to welding fumes can be observed in the respiratory tract and (in the case of MS welding fumes) in the reduction of the male reproductive capacity. Based on the data available a limit of 1mg/m3 total fume particles, 8h-TWA is recommended for 'inert' welding fume particles. Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 69p. 88 ref. Price: NLG 30.00.

CIS 94-331 Wibowo A.A.E.
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for methylene chloride
In this report (an update of the document published in 1983: RA 1/83) the health hazards of exposure to methylene chloride (dichloromethane) are evaluated. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks. The main risks to humans seem to be: increased carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood, effects on the central nervous system, possible carcinogenicity due to long-term exposure. Analysis of the data available led to a recommended health-based occupational exposure limit of 100ppm (350mg/m3) 8h-TWA (thereby maintaining the present occupational exposure limit). This limit is designed to prevent a non-smoking worker having COHb of more than 4%. Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 38p. 52 ref.

CIS 94-330 Wibowo A.A.E.
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for carbon monoxide
In the report (an update of the document published in 1979: RA 2/79) the health hazards of exposure to carbon monoxide are evaluated. Attention is given to: previous document and recommendations; present guidelines and standards; toxicodynamics, with special attention to effects reported in recent studies (effects on the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, offspring, and carcinogenicity); previous evaluation by international bodies; evaluations of human health risks. Analysis of the data available resulted in a health-based recommended exposure limit of 25ppm (29mg/m3), 8h-TWA (thereby maintaining the present occupational exposure limit). This recommendation is only applicable for work conditions of light to moderate physical exertion. An exclusive directive is given for cigarette smokers (Annex in previous report). Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 40p.

CIS 94-329 Bijleven W.G.H., Feron V.J., de Vrijer F., Arts J.H.E.
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for acetaldehyde
Evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to acetaldehyde. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animal experiments and observations of adverse effects in man (acute toxicity due to incidents, effects of short-term and long-term exposure, epidemiological studies); previous evaluation by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risks; recommendations for research. The present MAC for aacetaldehyde is 180mg/m3 (100ppm), which is an irritation dose-level for humans. The Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards considers acetaldehyde as a genotoxic carcinogen. Linear extrapolation is applied for risk assessment (this might result in an over-estimation of the risk, since the probable enhancing role of cytotoxicity in the tumours induced by acetaldehyde is not taken into account). The additional risk for cancer derived by linear extrapolation is: 4 x 10-3 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 24mg/m3; 1 x 10-4 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 0.6mg/m3; 1 x 10-6 for 40 years of exposure to an acetaldehyde concentration of 0.006mg/m3. Detailed summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. 48p. 83 ref.

CIS 94-45 N,N-Diphenylamine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-44 Dinitrotoluene (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver; possible human carcinogen; antifertility effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1.5mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: Class III A2 (1990).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-43 2,4-Dinitrophenol (>15% H2O)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; metabolic disturbances; very high temperature. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood; cataract; weight loss; polyneuropathy; granulocytopenia. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 0.05mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-42 1,2-Dinitrobenzene
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the lungs; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: liver damage. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm; 1.0mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-39 N,N-Dimethylformamide
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm; 30mg/m3 (skin) (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK: 10mg/m3 (skin) (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-38 Diisopropylamine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 21mg/m3 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-34 Diethylamine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 10ppm; 30mg/m3 (as TWA) (ACGIH 1989-1990). PDK 30mg/m3 (USSR 1973).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-33 Dichlorosilane
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lacrimating agent; pulmonary oedema; asthmatic reations. Long term exposure effects: may affect the lungs.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-32 1,2-Dichloropropane
International chemical safety card. Synonym: propylene dichloride. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver and blood. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 75ppm; 347mg/m3 (as TWA); 110ppm; 508mg/m3 (as STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 10mg/m3 (as CEILING) (USSR 1977).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

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