Exposure evaluation - 1,808 entries found

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• Exposure evaluation

1975

CIS 75-1919 Johnson D.E., Tillery J.B., Prevost R.J.
Trace metals in occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed individuals.
Policemen, office workers, garage attendants and custodians, and women living near and away from a freeway were monitored for lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc. Lead and cadmium were correlated with airborne exposures but zinc, manganese, and copper were not. The second part of this paper deals with a study of platinum and palladium markets and a design of an epidemiology survey of individuals occupationally and non-occupationally exposed to the two metals. An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was developed that detected blood concentrations of 0.88µg platinum/100ml and 1.2µg palladium/100ml.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Research Triangle Park, USA, April 1975, Volume 10, p.151-158. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 75-1793 Handbook of statistical tests for evaluating employee exposure to air contaminants.
This handbook contains definitions and procedures, with examples, for estimating the average concentration of contaminants in the working atmosphere. Statistical decisions, based on the results, as to the compliance and non-compliance with U.S. Federal Standards of 8-h occupational exposure are illustrated. Simple calculations and graphical methods are used to obtain the necessary variables; the nomographs for decisions in the field are shown. The second part contains the assumptions and mathematical derivations of the estimation and decision procedures.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)75-147, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Post Office Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, USA, Apr. 1975. 224p. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 75-1757 Scrima M., Cecchini-Cioppi E.
Occupational health survey in shoe upper factories
Indagine conoscitiva sugli ambienti di lavoro dei tomaifici [in Italian]
Description and results of a survey carried out by the Labour Inspectorate in small Italian firms using various adhesive pastes, glues and cements in manufacturing shoe uppers. Alarm was caused by the outbreak of numerous cases of polyneuritis. The medical inspectors of labour carried out an investigation of the employees' living and working conditions and environment, and the microclimatic conditions at the workplace; they monitored the workplace air for harmful substances, especially solvents. The atmospheric concentration of the most frequently used solvent, hexane, was as high as 670ppm in some places. Proposed improvements.
Lavoro umano, Jul. 1975, Vol.27, No.4, p.104-113. 6 ref.

CIS 75-1608 Youmans H.D., Ho H.S., Guy A.W.
Development of dosimetry for RF and microwave radiation.
The 3 parts of this study are entitled: Dosimetric quantities for radiofrequency (RF) and microwave electromagnetic fields; calculations of absorbed dose distributions in 2 sizes of muscle-equivalent spheres; dose rate distribution in tissue spheres due to measured spectra of electromagnetic plane wave. The determination of energy flux density for RF and microwave fields may not be sufficient for dosimetric needs of hazard evaluation or of radiobiology. Radiation protection guides may be developed from research on the range of absorbed dose rate in humans and animals relative to exposure. Exposure to a uniform energy flux density can result in a non-uniform absorbed dose rate in a biological body; the rate depends on the source frequency. These models are for demonstration only. Quantification of the frequency and intensity of the RF and microwave field is needed in hazard evaluation.
Health Physics, Aug. 1975, Vol.29, No.2, p.313-329. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 75-1559 Kühnen G.
Dust concentrations in cotton spinning mills
Staubkonzentrationen in Baumwollspinnereien [in German]
This survey of German cotton spinning mills was a consequence of the fixing in 1973 of a TLV of 1.5mg/m³ for cotton dust in establishments in the Fed. Rep. of Germany. Description of the production process, selection of undertakings to be surveyed, measuring techniques and results. In general, the levels of airborne dust significantly exceeded the TLV. Dust concentrations were highest for pure cotton; this can be explained by the greater proportion of fine particles in cotton than in artificial fibres. The article describes how dust concentrations can be lowered by exhaust ventilation, whereas forms of ventilation which merely stir up and recirculate used air are worse than useless. Conclusions concerning the byssinosis hazard and recommendations for the improvement of workers' health and occupational hygiene.
STF report Nr.3-75, Staubforschungsinstitut des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Langwartweg 103, 53 Bonn 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1975. 21p. 3 ref.

CIS 75-662
Joint ACGIH-AIHA Aerosol Hazards Evaluation Committee, Cincinnati.
Background documentation on evaluation of occupational exposure to airborne asbestos.
Literature survey on: diseases (asbestosis, neoplasia); signs and symptoms of asbestos exposure (pleural plaques and calcifications, asbestos and pseudoasbestos bodies); properties of asbestos affecting lung retention; characterisation of airborne asbestos; asbestos dust in industry; threshold limit values and alternative hazard indices; review of sampling and analytical techniques; membrane sampling with phase-contrast assessment (sample size, selection of counting fields); estimation of errors; interpretation of fibre concentration.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1975, Vol.36, No.2, p.91-103. 96 ref.

CIS 75-712 Costa-Ribeiro C., Barcinski M.A., Figueiredo N., Franca E.P., Lobão N., Krieger H.
Radiobiological aspects and radiation levels associated with the milling of monazite sand.
An introduction describing a monazite sand processing plant in Brazil, employing 420 people, is followed by an assessment of radiation hazards associated with ore concentration and chemical treatment. The airborne radioactivity in the working atmosphere was due primarily to decay products of Rn 220 (Tn), from which Pb 212 was chosen as an indicator of the contamination; Pb 212 concentrations of 0.002 to 3.9pCi/l were found. A few workers showed a slight increase in urinary concentration of Po 210. Chromosomal analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of aberrations in workers in the ore mill area with the highest airborne Pb 212 concentration.
Health Physics, Mar. 1975, Vol.28, No.3, p.225-231. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 75-690 El-Dakhakhny A.A., Noweir M.H., Kamel N.R.
Study of some parameters affecting noise level in textile spinning and weaving mills.
Noise evaluation in 6 spinning and 5 weaving departments of 3 textile mills in Egypt, where a total of 266 ring spinning frames and 1,612 looms of different types and of old and new design are in use. Spindle speed (rpm) and loom speed (picks per minute) were found to be important parameters affecting the noise level. To decrease the noise below the recommended limit level of 85dB(A), it is proposed to limit the number of spindles to 5/m² and the total spindle speed to 25,000rpm/m² (or less). In weaving operations, an increase in floor area or a decrease in the number of looms will not effectively reduce the noise level.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1975, Vol.36, No.1, p.69-72. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 75-807 Nagata H., Izumiyama T., Kamata K., Kono S.
A health control study in farmers engaged in agrochemicals spraying, especially speed sprayor operation - Three years' data gathered in a fruit plantation area
Nōyaku-sampu-nōmin, tokuni "speed-sprayor-operator" no kenkō-kanri-hōshiki ni kansuru kenkyū - Kajuchitai ni okeru saikin 3 nenkan no jitsutai-chōsa deeta kara [in Japanese]
The authors analysed periodical health data from 70 farmers who had been engaged in spraying pesticides from tractors for 3 years. The occurrence of acute intoxications and of low serum cholinesterase levels during the spraying seasons were significantly less than during the period before 1970, when the Government suspended the use of the highly toxic compound parathion. A significant increasing trend in the incidence of dermatitis due to pesticides was however noted.
Japanese Journal of Agricultural Medicine, 1 Dec. 1974, Vol.23, No.4, p.507-517. Illus. 56 ref.

CIS 75-866 Lob M., Guillemin M.
Surveys in working environments
Les enquêtes dans les milieux de travail. [in French]
Methodology and practice of occupational hygiene surveys in industry. The need for collaboration between plant physician and industrial hygienist is emphasised; by way of practical example, surveys in different industrial sectors (manufacture of polyester products, cablemaking, woodworking, dry cleaning) are briefly described.
Therapeutische Umschau - Revue thérapeutique, Mar. 1975, Vol.32, No.3, p.193-197. Illus.

1974

CIS 76-1593 Present-day possibilities of evaluating exposure to noise, particularly the use of dosimeters
Les possibilités actuelles de l'évaluation de l'exposition au bruit, et en particulier l'emploi des dosimètres. [in French]
This information sheet reviews the relevant provisions of Belgian, German and U.S. legislation and of the international recommendation ISO R 1999 on hearing protection in the workplace, and defines briefly some basic principles of acoustics. This is followed by considerations on the problem of impulse noise, giving the mathematical expression of the equivalent steady-state noise according to Belgian and U.S. legislation and ISO and DIN standards. Examples of how to calculate the equivalent steady-state noise and assessment of hazard for the organs of hearing. Various types of dosimeters suitable for measurements of this kind are indicated.
Notice 203/S.H.H.I.3, Occupational Health Service, Belgian Employers' Association (Service hygiène, Association des industriels de Belgique), 27-29 avenue André-Drouart, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Aug. 1974. 20p. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 76-694 Guide to the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration.
This document is based on International Standard ISO No.2631-1974 (CIS 75-677). It is recommended that it should be applied on a provisional basis so that information and experience can be obtained. After a general introduction, sections are devoted to: characterisation of vibration exposure (direction of vibration, location of measurement, intensity of vibration, measuring equipment, random or broadband vibration analysis, exposure time); vibration evaluation guide (general, fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary, exposure limit (health or safety), reduced comfort boundary, evaluation of frequency spectrum, vibration in more than one direction simultaneously, exposure time of vibration). An appendix contains numerous tables and graphs.
DD 32:1974, British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London W1A 2BS, United Kingdom, March 1974. 20p. Illus. Price: £2.00.

CIS 76-201 Čakrtová E., Vaněček M.
Evaluation of styrene exposure in the production of laminated glass-polyester
Hodnocení expozice styrenu při výrobě skelných laminátů [in Czech]
The authors evaluated, by gas chromatography, the mean styrene concentrations in a small workshop of a research institute during lamination of small and large surfaces. They interpreted the data obtained in relation to the normal activity of the exposed subjects. Atmospheric styrene concentration is principally related to the dimensions of the surface laminated. Since it varies not only from one point to another but also at the same point, the technique of personal sampling is to be preferred. It must, however, be supplemented by time-weighted exposure monitoring.
Pracovní lékařství, Dec. 1974, Vol.26, No.10, p.370-374. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 75-1854 Lee G.L., Smith D.J.
Steelwork insulated with sprayed crocidolite asbestos: controlling a potential hazard.
The crocidolite asbestos insulation on rolled steel joists had been damaged in some places by ladders during maintenance and inspection work. Airborne concentrations were generally negligible, except for boiler house samples, where the mean during a normal period was 0.18 fibres/cm³. A procedure for sealing the asbestos deposits (polythene sheet, a proprietary gypsum-based product, painting) and ensuring maintenance by means of warning notices is described. Details of costs are given.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1974, Vol.17, No.1, p.49-52. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 75-1899 Duggan M.J., James A.C., Allen S.G.
The inhalation hazard to workers engaged in the demolition of buildings contaminated with radioactivity.
Studies performed during removal of floors in 2 contaminated factories. In the first, a former radium-luminising building, the apparent surface concentration of the indoor floor was between 10^-4µCi/m² (alpha measurements) and 5.10^-4µCi/m² (beta measurements); in the second, a former thorium factory (mainly ²³²Th) it was 10^-4µCi/m². Air samples taken during work with pneumatic hammers yielded a calculated concentration in the inhaled air of 20pCi/m³ for Ra, 21-54pCi/m³ for Th (values low on account of a defective pneumatic hammer). Radium dust loadings were high during hammering and low during hand shovelling. The size distribution of the aerosol (cascade centripeter) averaged 25µm (radium) mean mass aerodynamic diameter and 10-12µm (thorium). A maximum permissible intake (MPI) for demolition workers of 0.015µCi for radium corresponded to 600-3,000h inhalation. Workers here were thus not at risk. An MPI of 0.005µCi for thorium corresponded to 6-12h work (making allowance for the defective hammer). Thus a demolition worker could be at risk under these circumstances. Suppression of dust by coating the floor with a sealing agent is suggested.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1974, Vol.17, No.1, p.15-22. 8 ref.

CIS 75-1610 Rodgers J.C.
Radon progeny exposure measurement using lead-210.
This technical information report describes investigations leading to a technique for monitoring the average alpha-exposure due to airborne decay products of radon-222 in a uranium mine atmosphere, laying stress on theoretical considerations. The basis of the method is to collect a long-term, high-volume sample, let the short-lived radon daughters decay to lead-210, and count the lead-210 using liquid scintillation techniques. Only a fraction of the lead-210 activity counted was attributed to the direct collection of short-lived daughters, however, the remainder being due to a variety of indeterminate background sources. Thus any continuous monitoring technique based on measuring accumulated lead-210 levels on an air filter or in a miner's blood comes up against serious problems. Appendices give details of Fairman's ion exchange procedure and (in summary) the dithizone separation technique.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)75-116, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Post Office Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA, Oct. 1974. 66p. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 75-1625 Fernandez J., Droz P.O..
Pulmonary absorption and elimination of ethyl acetate - Experimental study in humans
Absorption et élimination pulmonaire de l'acétate d'éthyle - Etude expérimentale sur des sujets humains. [in French]
Results of a series of exposures at concentrations of 217, 388, 400, 418 and 770ppm ethyl acetate, performed in 11 volunteers. The alveolar air was analysed systematically by gas chromatography before, during and after exposure. The concentration of ethyl acetate in the alveolar air during and after exposure was directly proportional to the atmospheric concentration at exposure. The same was true of the ethanol concentration during exposure, whereas the acetone level did not vary significantly. Thus, pulmonary elimination of ethyl acetate does not appear to be representative of the degree of exposure, but reflects only the final period of the latter.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Dec. 1974, Vol.35, No.12, p.953-961. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 75-1575 Palecki E.
Noise evaluation and measurements in the Ruhr coal mines
Lärmbeurteilung und Geräuschmessungen im Ruhrrevier [in German]
The number of cases of deafness due to noise in German mines is on the increase. After a review of various directives concerning noise evaluation and hearing damage risk criteria, the author defines certain noise indices and outlines the method used in the Fed. Rep. of Germany to determine the mean noise level, calculated from the mean noise levels at the various workposts. Measurement of different types of noise with a precision sonometer and round-up of the noise situation in German mines. The results obtained indicate that 50-60% of underground workers are at risk of hearing damage, those working in the vicinity of mechanical equipment being the most exposed.
Glückauf, 17 Oct. 1974, Vol.110, No.20, p.830-836. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 75-1573 Mishoe J.W., Suggs C.W.
Hand-arm vibration Part 1. Subjective response to single and multi-directional sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal excitation.
Whereas most work in the literature (which is briefly reviewed) refers to vibration in one direction only, vibrating tools actually produce 3-dimensional vibration in a non-sinusoidal manner. Here the effects of the different types of vibration are compared using equal sensation curves as criterion. It was found that non-sinusoidal vibration produces a downward shift in the equal sensation curve, and subjects are twice as sensitive to a given frequency when it is mixed with other frequencies. The difference between the effects of one- and 3-dimensional vibrations diminished as the frequency increased. Conclusion: evaluation of vibrating tools must be based on the entire frequency content of the spectrum and the effect of frequencies in different octave bands on one another.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 22 Aug. 1974, Vol.35, No.4, p.479-488. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 75-1570 Chemin P., Dufy B., Chemin A.
Contribution to the study of the assessment of hearing loss in subjects exposed to industrial noise, in relation to noise intensity and duration of exposure
Contribution à l'étude de l'estimation du risque de perte auditive en fonction de l'intensité du bruit et du temps d'exposition chez les sujets exposés au bruit industriel. [in French]
The results of periodic audiometric tests carried out, over a period of 6 years, were studied in 450 workers in the aeronautics industry. The authors attempted, by statistical analysis, to estimate the risk of future hearing loss over the next 40 years. In relation to the sound pressure level, expressed in dB, the study shows up the particularly significant upturn in hearing loss (expressed in percentages) as from a threshold of 90dB over a period exceeding 20 years. Detailed results are given in tables and diagrams.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Oct.-Nov. 1974, Vol.35, No.10-11, p.893-900. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1366 Henderson R.
Effects and control of exposure to mercury.
Paper limited essentially to elemental mercury. The studies serving as basis for the original U.S. TLV of 0.1mg/m³ did not appear to take continuing exposure beyond the working day into consideration. The author compares the concentrations in the microenvironment next to contaminated skin and clothes with those in the general work environment (cell room or a chlor-alkali plant). The latter figures may underestimate exposure at work by a factor of up to 5 or 6, while the underestimation of total exposure may be much greater. More mercury may reach the brain from 2 or 3 breaths from a contaminated hand than from a whole workshift under statutory conditions. Legal implications of this. Consideration of early quantifiable and reversible effects, e.g. high urinary mercury concentrations, loss of appetite and weight, tremor. Review of central nervous involvement, and relationship of exposure to brain, blood, urinary and faecal levels (appended in tables).
Transactions of the Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Boston, Massachusetts, 20-25 May 1973. p.99-110. Illus. 20 ref. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA.

CIS 75-1269 Dement J.M.
Preliminary results of the NIOSH industrywide study of the fibrous glass industry.
Environmental studies were conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in undertakings manufacturing fibreglass insulation products, reinforced plastic products, small diameter fibres and air filters using the latter. Discussion of relevant technology (steam attenuation, flame attenuation, centrifugal or rotary process); review of medical findings (there is little evidence of pneumoconiosis) and animal studies; review and comparison of weight and count sampling methods; results. Discussion bears on fibre respirability and lung clearing mechanisms; the "most respirable" fibres (diameter <3.5µm, length <50µm) occur in the refractory and paper fibre operations, rarely in wool insulation plants and reinforcing plastic operations. Caution is required when comparing glass fibre counts with those for asbestos, where only 1-4% are recorded. Very fine diameter glass fibres should be kept to an absolute minimum by the use of good engineering controls and work practices. Tables with data on composition of commercial glass fibres, nominal fibre diameters, airborne dust and fibre concentrations, distribution of airborne fibres by length and diameter, are appended.
Transactions of the Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Boston, Massachusetts, 20-25 May 1973. p.67-94. Illus. 23 ref. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA.

CIS 75-1290 McCullough M.L., Clarke M.J.
Human response to whole-body vibration: An evaluation of current trends.
Rating of vibration in semantic terms (i.e. describing it on a scale ranging, for example, from "perceptible" to "alarming") has several drawbacks, and results of studies have tended to be inconsistent. After a detailed critical review of the situation and recent attempts to remedy it, the authors conclude that development of a ratio scale relating objective and subjective magnitudes of vibration stimuli (Schoenberger and Harris, 1971) should form the basis of future research. They also present data to argue that fractionation and multiplication procedures - in which a subject judges when a variable stimulus is a particular fraction (usually half) or a factor (the double) of a standard stimulus - are more appropriate than magnitude procedures for developing ratio scales.
Human Factors, Feb. 1974, Vol.16, No.1, p.78-86. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 75-1327 Ėl'terman E.M., Lysenko A.G., Dubejkovskaja L.S., Krupkin G.Ja.
Lead emission on tin soldering
O vydelenij svinca pri pajke [in Russian]
Results of analysis of air samples from workplaces where assemblies are soldered with a lead-tin alloy. At modern workplaces equipped with exhaust ventilation lead concentrations exceeded the USSR threshold value of 0.01mg/m³ in only 19% of cases. When there was no local exhaust system, on the other hand, lead concentrations were up to 10 times the threshold limit value.
Vodosnabženie i sanitarnaja tehnika, Aug. 1974, No.8, p.29. 3 ref.

CIS 75-962 Knight G., Newkirk T.E., Yourt G.R.
Full-shift assessment of respirable dust exposure.
Laboratory and underground comparative sampling studies were conducted in 6 Canadian metal mines with different dust samplers (Casella samplers with elutriators, Casella personal samplers, MSA gravimetric dust samplers, Unico Micronair personal sampler, South African thermal precipitator). The main objective was to determine criteria as a basis for recommendations of instruments and procedures to assess the health hazards from full-shift dust exposure. The test procedures are described, and the findings and observations discussed in detail and reproduced in several diagrams and tables. It is concluded that the full-shift personal two-stage gravimetric sampler is a useful and practical instrument for time-weighted exposure evaluation. For high-quartz mines, direct measurement of quartz on filters by X-ray diffraction is more accurate and suitable than gravimetry. Filters from samplers worn by workmen yielded higher readings than those from samplers in fixed positions nearby.
Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, Apr. 1974, p.61-72. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 75-1084 Jindřichová J.
Evaluation of benzene exposure in workplaces in eastern Bohemia by determination of phenols
Hodnocení expozice benzenu na pracovištích Východočeského kraje podle fenolového expozičního testu [in Czech]
During the period 1962-1971 up to 2,000 urine samples from benzene-exposed workers were analysed each year at 111 undertakings in eastern Bohemia (Czechoslovakia) with a view to detecting the presence of phenols. Phenol levels above 80mg/l urine were found on several occasions (22 workers in 1970 and 28 workers in 1971) in 19 factories. Hygiene conditions were substandard in all the undertakings in which these excessive levels were found, generally having lagged behind a situation of increased production. This study demonstrates the need to continue monitoring benzene exposure, especially in establishments where glues for leather and rubber are employed.
Pracovní lékařství, Aug. 1974, Vol.26, No.7, p.260-263. 8 ref.

CIS 75-1082 Šedivec V., Flek J., Mráz M.
Preparation of atmospheres containing desired concentrations of certain substances in the gaseous phase
Příprava ovzduší s definovaným obsahem par sledovaných látek [in Czech]
Detailed description, illustrated by diagrams and tracings, of a device consisting essentially of a gas chromatograph with a flame ionisation detector which at regular intervals automatically monitors the gas concentrations, and a metering unit, which restores the desired atmospheric composition as necessary. Precision of the device is ±5%. It is extremely useful in monitoring exposure.
Pracovní lékařství, Feb. 1974, Vol.26, No.2, p.48-53. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 75-808 Popendorf W.J., Spear R.C.
Preliminary survey of factors affecting the exposure of harvesters to pesticide residues.
Investigation into exposure of grape, orange and peach harvesters to pesticides. A diagram illustrates the various environmental, toxicological and other factors influencing exposure to and absorption of pesticide residues by agricultural workers. Work procedures are described in detail for each crop, with observations on clothing, hours of work, work rates, etc. Details of air sampling procedures used and results of airborne dust analyses (concentration and particle size) are given. The high values for airborne particulates suggest that contaminated dust is the primary vehicle for residue exposure.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1974, Vol.35, No.6, p.374-380. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-754 Rathje A.O., Marcero D.H., Dattilo D.
Personal monitoring technique for mercury vapor in air and determination by flameless atomic absorption.
From some studies on mercury assessment it seems that a reliable evaluation of exposure can be made only by personal monitoring, with the sampling device as close as practical to the individual's nose and mouth. A very simple device for the collection of air samples is described; mercury vapour is determined by cold vapour atomic absorption analysis. Since air sample volume is unlimited, this simple and extremely sensitive method can be applied to a variety of sampling tasks involving mercury vapour. The efficiency of the sampler for trapping mercury-containing dust has not been determined.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1974, Vol.35, No.9, p.571-575. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 75-686 Schmidek M., Carpenter P.
Intermittent noise exposure and associated damage risk to hearing of chain saw operators.
A survey of the noise exposures experienced in thinning forested areas is reported. Observations were made in 10 chain saw operators using 5 different models of saw. Types of intermittent exposure, temporary threshold shifts and subsequent recovery rates are dealt with, and the findings are reviewed in the light of proposed U.S. standards for intermittent noise: by this criterion, the level of noise exposure was hazardous. Individual cutting style was found to be more significant for noise production than the model or size of saw used. It is concluded that this sawing operation does present a risk to hearing, but not as great as the level of noise exposure would seem to indicate.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1974, Vol.35, No.3, p.152-158. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-677 Guide for the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration.
Guide pour l'estimation de l'exposition des individus à des vibrations globales du corps. [in French]
This standard lays down the limits of permissible exposure, depending on the frequency and acceleration of the vibrations transmitted from solid surfaces to the human body in the frequency range 1-80Hz. A section devoted to a whole-body vibration evaluation guide is followed by tables and diagrams indicating limits of exposure. The guide contains considerations on the direction of the vibrations, location of measurement, intensity of vibration, measuring equipment, and vibration evaluation taking into account fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary, exposure limit (health or safety), reduced comfort boundary, evaluation of frequency spectrum and exposure time.
International Standard ISO No.2631-1974, International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1 July 1974. 15p. 32 ref. Price: SF.20.00.

CIS 75-385 Schreiner L., Eder H.
Noise surveys and exposure tests in the metallurgic industry
Lärmuntersuchungen und Expositionstests in der Metallindustrie [in German]
Survey on the course of hearing loss in 50 workers employed in forging and fettling shops, exposed to noise of varying spectral composition. The results of noise measurements and audiometric examinations are commented upon with diagrams. The authors deprecate the performance during the workshift, i.e. in a condition of impaired hearing, of audiometric investigations intended to determine the long-term course of hearing loss. A temporary threshold shift does not necessarily lead to a permanent shift of the same magnitude after several years' exposure to noise. The evolution curves of hearing loss due to noise point clearly to a saturation at the 500Hz and 4kHz frequency ranges after 15 years' exposure. Hearing loss at 2kHz, however, continues to worsen after this time, i.e. there is a progressive widening of the 4kHz dip.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, May 1974, Vol.24, No.5, p.148-153. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 75-373 Lange W.
Subjective response to combined vibrations acting on man via the seat
Zur Beurteilung von Schwingungsgemischen, die über die Sitzfläche auf den Menschen einwirken [in German]
Subjects who were exposed to vibrations composed of several harmonics were asked to compare the combination of harmonics with a reference vibration of 5Hz. The amplitude of the reference frequency was varied until the subject felt a stress equal to that of the combined vibrations. It was thus possible to ascertain quantitatively the influence of harmonics in vibrations on subjective response.
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 27 Sep. 1974, Vol.33, No.2, p.151-170. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 75-173 Kolmodin-Hedman B.
Exposure to lindane and DDT and its effects on drug metabolism and serum lipoproteins.
Thesis reporting the results of investigations into the occupational exposure of various groups of Swedish workers to lindane and DDT. The author devised a gas-liquid chromatographic method for estimating values as low as 0.3ng/ml of lindane and 3ng/ml of DDT in human plasma. DDT levels in samples taken 8 months after exposure did not differ from those in samples taken during exposure. To elucidate the effect of lindane and DDT exposure on drug metabolism, plasma half-lives were determined for antipyrine, phenylbutazone and oxazepam. The plasma half-life of antipyrine was significantly reduced by lindane exposure. It is thought that lindane induces drug oxidation in man. An unusual change of the serum lipoprotein pattern was found in 12 of 34 insecticide-exposed men: hyper-alpha-lipoproteinaemia, which was confirmed by animal experiments.
Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, 1974. 48p. Illus. 125 ref.

CIS 75-194 Dési I.
Neurotoxicological effect of small quantities of lindane - Animal studies.
The early effects of low doses of lindane (2.5 to 50 mg/kg) on the functions of the central nervous system were studied in rats by means of learning tests. The results showed that these functional tests are suitable for the early detection of slight impairments of the nervous system, whereas liver function tests and histological examinations performed at the same time were negative. Therefore, physiological examination of persons exposed to lindane is recommended as a preventive measure. The neuurotoxicological methods may detect minimal pesticide contamination in the reversible phase when other less sensitive tests are negative.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 10 July 1974, Vol.33, No.2, p.153-162. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 75-57 Boman N., Christensson B.
Asbestos in our workplaces - Final report on the asbestos research project
Asbest på våra arbetsplatser - Asbestosprojektets slutrapport [in Swedish]
Report on the results of investigations carried out in various Swedish industries with a view to evaluating exposure to asbestos dust: properties and uses of asbestos; biological effects; methods used for sampling and analysis; threshold limit values (Germany, United Kingdom, USA, USSR); dust raised by various operations in converting asbestos or asbestos products (brake linings, asbestos cement panels, shipbuilding, steelworks, mechanical engineering, building industry); analysis of airborne dust by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectrophotometry; dust control (substitution, change of manufacturing technique, pretreatment of raw material, local exhaust ventilation, respiratory protection).
Undersökningsrapport AMT 102/74, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Fack, 100 26 Stockholm 34, Sweden, 1974. 130p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: Swe-cr. 35.00.

CIS 74-1696 Gubéran E., Fernandez J.
Control of industrial exposure to tetrachloroethylene by measuring alveolar concentrations: theoretical approach using a mathematical model.
A mathematical model has been developed to predict uptake and distribution of tetrachloroethylene in the body and its elimination in the alveolar air. Various situations likely to arise in industry have been simulated. It is concluded that measurement of the postexposure alveolar concentrations could be used to estimate the mean exposure to tetrachloroethylene in most industrial situations.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1974, Vol.31, No.2, p.159-167. Illus.

CIS 74-1669 Hervin R.L., Lucas J.B.
Occupational health case report No.8 - Monoisopropanolamine.
Report of an investigation carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health at the request of an authorised representative of employees regarding exposure to monoisopropanolamine (MIPA) and titanium dioxide at a large plant producing TiO₂ pigment. It was found that MIPA represents a definite cutaneous hazard; no new cases of dermatitis appeared since the discontinuance of the use of this substance. It was further determined that exposure to TiO₂ does not present a hazard at the concentrations found in this work environment.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1974, Vol.16, No.5, p.355-357.

CIS 74-1668 Okawa M.T., Polakoff P.L.
Occupational health case report No.7 - Teflon.
Report of an investigation carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health at the request of an authorised representative of employees regarding exposure to dusts and decomposition products of polytetrafluoroethylene at a plant manufacturing corrosion-resistant parts. The investigation, which included an environmental evaluation for fluorocarbon resin dust levels and noise and a medical evaluation, did not reveal any significant hazard to health. Recommendations made concern better housekeeping, avoidance of smoking in certain areas, ventilation, analysis of urine for fluorides and a hearing conservation programme. An appendix lists precautionary measures in the use of fluorocarbon resins.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1974, Vol.16, No.5, p.350-355. 12 ref.

CIS 74-1611 Parsons D.F., Phillips V.A., Lally J.S.
The radiological significance of X-ray leakage from electron microscopes.
Report on a questionnaire survey carried out in the USA of possible health hazards due to X-ray leakage from conventional (40-200 kV) electron microscopes. Determined were hours of use of the microscope, measured X-ray leakage, and average and maximum X-ray exposures for electron microscopists. Conclusions are that few, if any, of the several thousand long-term microscopists surveyed had received an X-ray exposure detrimental to health, but that design errors, user misuse and accidental X-ray over exposures which have been revealed make the early adoption of both national and international standards in respect of X-ray leakage level and X-ray leakage monitoring desirable. Relevant international standards should be based on the U.S. Federal and EURATOM standards for leakage from electronic equipment in general.
Health Physics, May 1974, Vol.26, No.5, p.439-448. 20 ref.

CIS 74-1610 Raghavayya M., Jones J.H.
A wire screen-filter paper combination for the measurement of fractions of unattached radon daughters in uranium mines.
Description of a technique for measuring equilibrium ratios and fractions of unattached radon daughter atoms in air. Values obtained by this method in several U.S. uranium mines are presented.
Health Physics, May 1974, Vol.26, No.5, p.417-429. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 74-1650 Cuddihy R.G., Hall R.P., Griffith W.C.
Inhalation exposures to barium aerosols: Physical, chemical and mathematical analysis.
Groups of dogs were exposed to BaCl₂, BaSO₄, heat-treated BaSO₄ and barium incorporated into fused clay particles, and sacrificed after 16 and 512 days, with a view to testing a general biomathematical model for describing tissue retention patterns for inhaled barium aerosols. Reasonable agreement between results observed and those predicted indicates the usefulness of such models, although it is concluded that further studies with more complicated ionic species are necessary to determine the extent of their application.
Health Physics, May 1974, Vol.26, No.5, p.405-4l6. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 74-1777 Taylor P.J.
Epidemiology in the design of long term studies.
Long-term epidemiological studies provide the only way to quantify exposure to various levels of occupational hazard. The concepts of threshold limits, zero effects and acceptable risks are so important to millions of workers now and in the years ahead that these studies must be made. Some knowledge of the methods, and particularly of the pitfalls of epidemiology, is now an essential part of an occupational health physician's qualifications. This paper discusses some general guidelines for the design and execution of long-term studies.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1974, Vol.24, No.2, p.48-53. 16 ref.

CIS 74-1256 Diserens A.H.
Personal noise dosimetry in refinery and chemical plants.
Surveys made at several refineries and chemical plants show that dosimeter studies are a valuable part of a hearing conservation programme. Personal noise exposure determinations using the integrating dosimeter greatly reduce the time and effort which would be required by time and motion studies.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1974, Vol.16, No.4, p.255-257.

CIS 74-1231 Schütz A.
Hazards of asbestos-containing dust, its measurement and evaluation
Risques associés aux poussières contenant de l'amiante, leur mesure et leur évaluation. [in French]
French translation of: Gefahren durch asbesthaltige Stäube, ihre Messung und Beurteilung. Staub, Düsseldorf, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Oct. 1970, Vol.30, No.10, p.432-436. Illus. 15 ref. After an introduction on the evaluation of the hazards associated with exposure to asbestos dust and on threshold limit values established in various countries, the author reports on the results of asbestos dust measurements made at various work posts in the industry processing this substance and compares the different criteria adopted for the evaluation of these results. He proposes measures for the control of occupational asbestos exposure and for determining the dust concentrations in workplace air.
Translation INRS 22 B-74, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1974. 18p. Illus. 15 ref.

1973

CIS 75-1477 Environmental health monitoring manual.
This loose-leaf handbook has been prepared by the Environmental Health Division of U.S. Steel Corporation to train plant personnel to monitor exposure of workers to potential toxic hazards and harmful physical conditions. It gives guidance on the proper testing instruments and techniques to provide environmental data; more sophisticated techniques or chemical analytical procedures are not covered. Different sections deal with the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, mathematics and units in industrial hygiene, chemical and physical agents, threshold limit values, strategy in monitoring the environment, sampling equipment, particulate sampling, sampling for gases and vapours, calibration and maintenance of sampling instruments, noise and its measurement, heat stress and its evaluation, illumination and its measurements. Recommended specifications for gas detecting tube systems, a glossary of terms and the syllabus of a 10-day training course are appended.
United States Steel Corporation, Publications Department, 1509 Muriel Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, USA, 1973. 212p. Illus.

CIS 75-214 Schieche M., Kirchhoff D., Weise H.
Comprehensive ergonomic study in a foundry
Ergonomische Komplexuntersuchung in einem Giessereibetrieb [in German]
Study of environmental conditions near the pig-casting machine: description of the workplace; measurement of air temperature, temperature within protective clothing, air movement and humidity, dust, gases and vapours. The following aspects of the medical examination of foundry workers are dealt with: heat balance; clinical and occupational physiology examinations; personal data and symptoms; morbidity; sociological investigation. Conclusion: work at the pig-casting machine is heavy physical work involving heat load, affecting particularly the cardiovascular system, heat regulation mechanisms and the water and electrolyte balance. Changes were found to occur above all in the heart, spine and lungs. Proposals are made for improving conditions of work and medical care.
Ergonomische Berichte, 1973, No.8, 48p. Illus. 86 ref. Price: M.4.40.

CIS 75-92 Atherton N.J.
An investigation of radiation dose rates around gamma radiography exposure containers during use.
Report of experiments conducted as part of an investigation into the reasons for the higher doses of radiation received by site radiographers as compared with factory employed radiographers. Radiation dose rate measurements were made around 6 types of gamma radiography exposure container. The results, which are tabulated, indicate wide variations of dose rate around each container and between different containers. Shutter type exposure containers afford much better protection to operators than the manual extraction types.
British Journal of Non-destructive Testing, Sep. 1973, Vol.15, No.8, p.143-145. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 75-91 Atherton N.J.
An investigation of the radiation doses received by industrial radiographers.
After examining the legal provisions for the protection of industrial radiographers in Great Britain, the author describes a survey conducted by the Industrial Hygiene Unit of H.M. Factory Inspectorate between 1965 and 1970 to investigate the exposure of site and factory radiographers to ionising radiation. Examination of dose records indicate a pronounced difference in dose distributions and dose indices between the 2 categories; site radiographers received higher doses than factory radiographers, the standard of protection provided and the type of equipment used being important controlling factors. Results are tabulated.
British Journal of Non-destructive Testing, July 1973, Vol.15, No.7, p.112-114

CIS 75-102 Olivo R., Ferrari L., Manicardi G., Vivoli G.
Survey of styrene air pollution in certain industries
Indagine sulla contaminazione ambientale da stirolo in alcune industrie [in Italian]
This investigation was carried out in several undertakings in the Reggio Emilia province (Italy) where small objects were manufactured; the raw material used was polyester diluted in styrene; a workforce of over 100 persons was involved. Results of the analysis, by gas chromatography, of air samples taken at the workplace. The principal sources of styrene release into the atmosphere are to be found near the polymerisation autoclaves and in the moulding workshops, where the concentration of styrene often reaches values in excess of the ceiling value of 100ppm recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Preventive measures include operation of the autoclaves under negative pressure, enclosure of the plan and local exhaust ventilation.
Nuovi annali d'igiene e microbiologia, May-June 1973, Vol.24, No.3, p.131-138. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 74-1438 Andrjuščenko V.N.
Complex assessment and regulation of the microclimatic conditions of work in underground mines
Kompleksnaja ocenka i reglamentirovanie teplovyh uslovij truda v šahtah [in Russian]
Results of research into microclimatic conditions at depths of 700-1,100m : temperature and air speed are not sufficient to characterise subjective heat load. A mathematical model is proposed to express the individual's thermal balance in the conditions studied and an account is given of a procedure for the complex assessment of thermal conditions in a mine workings (with a description of a wet-bulb electrothermometer which responds simultaneously to temperature, air speed and humidity and to thermal radiation from surrounding surfaces). Graphs indicate the work capacity (in kgm) as a function of temperature and humidity and the acceptable limits of the microclimate for mine work at great depth.
Ugol' Ukrainy, Nov. 1973, No.11, p.35-37. Illus.

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