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Alcohol and drug abuse - 495 entries found

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1999

CIS 00-64 Catalogue of publications - Public health and safety at work
This 1999 update of the catalogue of publications on public health and safety at work of the Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs of the European Commission (DG V) contains publications under the following headings: general; health promotion; health monitoring; injuries; AIDS and communicable diseases; cancer; drug dependence; tobacco and cancer; psychosocial factors; occupational diseases; chemical, physical and biological agents; European coal and steel community (ECSC) social research programmes.
European Commission, Directorate V/F - Public Health and Safety at Work, Bâtiment Euroforum, 2920 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1999. 32p.

CIS 99-1480 Tobacco, alcohol and hand hygiene
Tabac, alcool et hygiène des mains [in French]
Roken, alcohol and handen wassen [in Dutch]
Topics: alcoholism; Belgium; data sheet; legislation; passive smoking; personal hygiene; plant safety and health organization; smoking; training material.
PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 4p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 99-1729 Maxwell E., Harris D.
Drinking and flying: A structural model
Under a recent revision of the European Joint Aviation Authorities operations regulations it is prohibited to act as a crew member of an aircraft with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater than 0.02%. This survey of UK Civil Aviation Authority pilots suggests that over 50% of respondents may have flown an aircraft with a BAC of greater than this prescribed amount. Professional pilots were heavier drinkers than private pilots and were also more likely to infringe the 0.02% BAC rule. Analysis of the data using path analysis suggests that professional pilots may be more prone to offending as a result of training in a "drinking culture" and as a response to commercial pressures in the industry. Topics: air transport; alcoholism; human behaviour; questionnaire survey; sex-linked differences; stress factors; work time schedules.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1999, Vol.70, No.2, p.117-123. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 99-1576 Daniell W.E., Claypoole K.H., Checkoway H., Smith-Weller T., Dager S.R., Townes B.D., Rosenstock L.
Neuropsychological function in retired workers with previous long term occupational exposure to solvents
This cross-sectional study evaluated retired male workers, including 89 people with previous long-term occupational exposure to solvents (painters and aerospace manufacturing workers), and 126 carpenters with relatively minimal previous exposure to solvents. Controlling for age, education, vocabulary score, and alcohol use, the painters had lower mean scores on test measures of motor, memory and reasoning ability; and a subgroup of aerospace workers with moderate to high cumulative exposure to solvents had lower mean scores on measures of visuomotor speed and motor, attention, memory and reasoning ability. Subjects were more likely to have an increased number of relatively abnormal test scores among both the painter group and the subgroup of aerospace workers with higher cumulative exposure. The painters, but not the aerospace workers, reported significantly more neurological and depressive symptoms. The findings are consistent with residual central nervous system dysfunction from long term exposure to organic solvents, persisting years after the end of exposure. Topics: aircraft industry; alcoholism; carpentry; lead; cognitive performance; cross-sectional study; cumulative properties; depressive neurosis; determination in blood; exposure evaluation; functional nervous disorders; long-term exposure; nervous function tests; neuropsychic effects; painting; retired workers; solvents.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1999, Vol.56, No.2, p.93-105. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 99-1265 Lundqvist G., Flodin U., Axelson O.
A case-control study of fatty liver disease and organic solvent exposure
Thirty male cases of fatty liver disease (FLD) with available biopsy records were compared to 120 randomly selected controls. Questionnaire information was obtained about job titles and specific occupational exposures; exposure level categories were then assessed blindly for both cases and controls. Medical records were examined to determine possible confounding and/or interacting effects from alcohol, the use of drugs, and other diseases. Moderately intense and mixed solvent exposure for more than 1 year within the last 15 years prior to diagnosis resulted in an age-adjusted Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio of 4.3; for intense exposure, the odds ratio was 7.7. Confounding from alcohol, use of drugs, other diseases, and overweight could be ruled out with reasonable confidence. This study indicates that occupational exposure to organic solvents may play a role in the development of FLD, as indicated earlier in case reports and in one small case-control study. Topics: adiposis hepatica; alcoholism; case-control study; exposure evaluation; hepatotoxic effects; length of exposure; obesity; organic solvents.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1999, Vol.35, No.2, p.132-136. 26 ref.

CIS 99-1255 Pan G., Takahashi K., Feng Y., Liu L., Liu T., Zhang S., Liu N., Okubo T., Goldsmith D.F.
Nested case-control study of esophageal cancer in relation to occupational exposure to silica and other dusts
In a nested case-control study of a cohort of industrial workers, 125 oesophageal cancer cases and 250 controls were identified from the death registry file. History of occupational exposure to various dusts was estimated. Occupational exposure to silica dust was the most important risk factor among all the variables investigated, with a 2.8-fold risk and a clear dose-response by length of exposure. Ingestion of silica particles after lung clearance may increase the risk of oesophageal cancer among workers exposed to silica. Topics: alcoholism; case-control study; coal dust; diet; dose-response relationship; exposure evaluation; job-exposure relation; mortality; oesophageal carcinoma; respirable dust; silica; steelworks.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1999, Vol.35, No.3, p.272-280. 33 ref.

CIS 99-1254 Straif K., Weiland S., Werner B., Wienke A., Keil U.
Elevated mortality from nonalcohol-related chronic liver disease among female rubber workers: Is it associated with exposure to nitrosamines?
In a long-term mortality study of 2,875 female rubber workers in a plant producing tires or technical rubber goods, the excess mortality from cirrhosis of the liver was most pronounced for nonalcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. Mortality from alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver and from other alcohol-related diseases was not significantly elevated. All cases of nonalcohol-related cirrhosis had worked in production of technical rubber goods and risks increased with earlier years of hire and with longer duration of employment in this work area. Although results should be interpreted with caution, they suggest that the observed excess deaths from cirrhosis of the liver are associated with occupational risk factors. Exposure to nitrosamines may be a plausible risk factor. Topics: alcoholism; cirrhosis; cohort study; dose-response relationship; exposure evaluation; hepatic diseases; mortality; nitroso amines; risk factors; rubber industry; women.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1999, Vol.35, No.3, p.264-271. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 99-834 Lindgren K.N., Masten V.L., Tiburzi M.J., Ford D.P., Bleecker M.L.
The factor structure of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and its relationship to occupational lead exposure
The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is an instrument composed of six mood scales that were developed using clinical populations. 467 current and retired lead-smelter workers completed the POMS, and a factor analysis was performed on the individual items. Factor analysis produced one factor, labelled "general distress", that was composed mainly of items from five of the six POMS subscales (anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension) and a second factor labelled "psychological adjustment". Integrated blood lead level, a measure of cumulative lead exposure that included prior high exposure, was significantly related to the POMS "general distress" factor, while a current blood lead level that was relatively low was unrelated. As expected, POMS psychological adjustment was not related to lead exposure. Factor analysis did not support the use of six separate POMS subscales in this occupational population. Topics: age-linked differences; alcoholism; lead; depressive neurosis; determination in blood; evaluation of technique; exposure evaluation; human behaviour; lead industry; lead poisoning; long-term exposure; mental health; neuropsychic stress; psychological effects; psychological tests.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.3-10. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 99-883 Wrbitzky R.
Liver function in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide during the production of synthetic textiles
The hepatotoxic effects of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and the combination effects of DMF exposure and ethyl alcohol consumption were investigated in 126 male employees of a synthetic fibres production factory. DMF concentrations in air ranged from < 0.1 to 37.9ppm. Concentrations of the DMF metabolite N-methylformamide (NMF) in urine were 0.05-22.0mg/L (preshift) and 0.9-100.0mg/L (postshift), corresponding to 0.02-44.6mg/g creatinine (preshift) and 0.4-62.3mg/g creatinine (postshift). The results indicate a statistically significant toxic influence of DMF on liver function. Alcohol has a synergistic effect. The effects of DMF and of alcohol are dose-dependent. Experience gained from former occupational health surveillance in DMF-exposed persons and from the present study show that there are individual differences in tolerance of interactions between DMF and ethyl alcohol. Further studies are necessary for the evaluation of these individual degrees of susceptibility. Topics: alcoholism; dimethylformamide; cross-sectional study; determination in urine; exposure evaluation; hepatotoxic effects; liver function tests; metabolic process; synergism; synthetic fibre industry.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 1999, Vol.72, No.1, p.19-25. Illus. 49 ref.

1998

CIS 06-990 Maxence J.L., Trarieux R.
Drug addiction in occupational settings: Prevention of drugs within the enterprise
Toxicomanies et milieu du travail: la prévention des drogues en entreprise [in French]
This article discusses the prevention of illegal psychotropic substance abuse in occupational settings. Occupational physicians in France are beginning to implement drug screening and medical supervision of drug-dependent patients. While workplace screening is not compulsory, it is essential in hazardous workplaces with high safety requirements. Company policies with respect to "drug risk" can only be developed through collaboration involving senior management, workers' representatives, occupational physicians and social services, as part of a global approach to the prevention of all hazards. Several examples of company policies and plans are included.
Revue Toxibase, 1998, No.3, p.1-11. 20 ref.
http://www.toxibase.org/Pdf/Revue/dossier_travail.pdf [in French]

CIS 00-1195 Putting safety at risk by consuming illegal drugs
Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen [in German]
Subjects covered: use of illegal drugs in Germany; drug screening of job applicants and employees by industrial physicians; the effect of drug dependence on safety at the workplace and traffic safety; agreement by representatives of employers and employees in the chemical industry on actions to be taken in cases of drug abuse and to recognize drug dependent job applicants; methods of detecting drug use; work capacity of employees using drugs; prevention of drug abuse in the workplace.
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1998. 118p. Illus.

CIS 00-1075 Viala A.
Elements of toxicology
Eléments de toxicologie [in French]
Contents of this university-level manual on toxicology: general toxicology (toxic effects, toxicokinetics, main types of intoxication, toxic effects on various body systems, ecotoxicology, treatment); analytic toxicology; toxicology of specific substances or groups of substances (carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, chlorinated solvents, benzene and its homologues, aromatic amine derivatives, aromatic nitro compounds, arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, other metals, medicinal drugs, drug addiction, tobacco, pesticides and household products).
Technique & Documentation Lavoisier, 11, rue Lavoisier, F75384 Paris Cedex 08, 1998. xx, 521p. Illus. 44 ref. Index. Price: FRF 595.00.

CIS 00-786 Morales Suárez-Varela M., Andreu Moliner E., Pérez Hernández F., Llopis González A., Sáez Arnall M.J.
Assessment of poisoning risk in workers exposed to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides
Evaluación del riesgo de intoxicación en personas expuestas a plaguicidas: organofosforados y carbamatos [in Spanish]
The objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of workers who suffer poisoning from organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, and to provide guidance for preventive measures. 662 workers were included in the study. Levels of erythrocyte cholinesterase in blood were taken as indicators of exposure level. The profile of the workers identified to be at risk was: women, workers less than 30 years old, few years in the job, with alcoholic and/or tobacco habit. Preventive measures proposed are: promotion of information campaigns on the toxic effects of these products; establishment of an educational programme on relevant protection measures; generating awareness of the importance of periodic medical supervision in the detection of an increased risk of pesticide poisoning.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.61-73. 20 ref.

CIS 00-734 Algarín Fiestas M.I., Gómez Beltrán J., López Maside A., Fombuena Filpo J., Carrasco Gallego M.J., de la Iglesia Huerta A.
Atherogenic hazard and degree of physical workload in the working conditions of the metalworking industry
Riesgo aterogénico y grado de trabajo físico en las condiciones de trabajo de la industria metalúrgica [in Spanish]
Topics: alcoholism; atherosclerosis; cholesterol; cross-sectional study; determination in blood; energy expenditure; hazard evaluation; lipid metabolism; metalworking industry; physical workload; smoking.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.49-59. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 00-713 de la Iglesia Huerta A.
Cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población laboral española [in Spanish]
Topics: alcoholism; body weight; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus; diet; geographical variables; hyperlipaemia; hypertension; hyperuricaemia; ischaemia; obesity; questionnaire survey; risk factors; smoking; Spain.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.35-47. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 00-354
Engineering Employers' Federation (EEF)
Think about office health and safety - The employee's guide
This guide aimed at office employees is a reminder of basic safety and health practices at the workplace. Topics covered: moving around safely; ergonomics and posture; equipment (VDUs, photocopiers, cutting equipment); electrical hazards; fire prevention; contractors and lone workers; hazardous substances; comfort of working environment; stress; smoking, alcohol and substance abuse; improving lifestyle; first aid.
Safety & Environment Department of the EEF, Sales Department, EEF, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London SW1H 9NQ, United Kingdom, 1998. 31p. Illus. Price: EEF members: GBP 1.20 per copy; non-members: GBP 1.50 per copy.

CIS 00-356
Engineering Employers' Federation (EEF)
Think about safety - An employee's guide to safety at work
This guide aimed at employees is a reminder of basic safety practices at work. Topics covered: safety signs; moving around safely; safe use of ladders; stacking materials; work at height; in-site transport; hand tools; manual handling; safe work with machinery; electrical hazards; hazardous substances; optical hazards; lone working; working in confined spaces; fire prevention; personal protective equipment; first aid; alcohol and substance abuse.
Safety & Environment Department of the EEF, Customer Services Department, EEF, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London SW1H 9NQ, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 1998. 31p. Illus. Price: EEF members GBP: 1.20 per copy, min. order 10 copies; non-members: GBP 1.50 per copy.

CIS 00-298 Illegal drug consumption and impairment of safety
Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen [in German]
Papers presented at the symposium on the effects of illegal drug consumption on work capacity and traffic safety on 28 November 1998 in Sankt Augustin, Germany, addressed the following subjects: types of illegal drugs, and the extent and trend of use by men and women in various age groups in Germany; effects of illegal drug consumption on work capacity and traffic safety; alcoholism; provisions in the labour and labour protection laws concerning illegal drug consumption; methods of drug testing; determining work capacity of drug addicts; experiences of an industrial physician with drug screening of new employees; prevention of the use of illegal drugs at the workplace and in traffic.
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1998. 118p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 00-119 Weiderpass E., Partanen T., Kaaks R., Vainio H., Porta M., Kauppinen T., Ojajärvi A., Boffetta P., Malats N.
Occurrence, trends and environmental etiology of pancreatic cancer
This review summarizes data on the occurrence, the trends, and the life-style, environmental, occupational and genetic determinants of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiologic evidence implicates tobacco smoking as one cause. The evidence regarding alcohol consumption is inconsistent. Although both positive and inconclusive findings are encountered, the bulk of the evidence on coffee consumption is negative. Fat intake is linked with obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Fruit and vegetable consumption appears to be protective. No occupational or environmental agent has been confirmed to increase the risk, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Little is known about the role of genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes in pancreas carcinogenesis, and evidence associating mutations with life-style factors is still scant and inconsistent.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.165-174. 215 ref.

CIS 99-1901 Di Lorenzo L., Zocchetti C., Platania A., De Francesco G., De Metrio R., Pirris A., Gigante M.R.
Minor and major industrial accidents in a southern Italian (Apulia) food factory: A ten-year study
Infortuni sul lavoro minori e maggiori in una azienda pugliese del settore alimentare: uno studio decennale [in Italian]
Data on accidents over a 10-year period in a food factory were analysed according to severity, number of hours worked, type of injury and cause. The relationship between types of occupational accidents and consumption of cigarettes, medication and alcohol was also investigated. "Minor" accidents represented 70% of all accidents during the study period. "Blue collar" workers had more frequent and more serious injuries than did technical workers. Minor accidents, and especially accidents associated with taking of medication, occurred more frequently during one-shift than during three-shift work. Increasing seniority was associated with a decrease in the number of "major" accidents and an increase in the number of accidents without absence from work. About 50% of all accidents were associated with unsafe environment and working situations, and the remaining 50% were associated with unsafe behaviour. Heavy smokers showed a higher frequency of "major" accidents, and increasing alcohol consumption was positively correlated with accidents entailing absence from work. Topics: accident absenteeism; age-linked differences; alcohol consumption and accidents; analysis of accident causes; drugs; food industry; hours of work; long-term study; occupational accidents; risk factors; severity rates; shift work; smoking.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1998, Vol.89, No.6, p.499-513. 15 ref.

CIS 99-1865 Ventero Velasco M.
Testimonies on occupational safety and health
Testimonios en torno a la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Topics: alcoholism; drug dependence; ergonomics; harmful physical agents; harmful substances; legislation; plant safety and health organization; psychology and sociology; risk factors; Spain; stress factors; supply of information.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 239p.

CIS 99-1822 Aumas M.
Road transport of goods - Staying alert during loading and unloading and when driving
Transport routier de marchandises - Vigilant à l'arrêt comme au volant) [in French]
Topics: alcohol consumption and accidents; drivers cabs; France; industrial trucks; loading and unloading; loading platforms; manual handling; personal protective equipment; road transport; road vehicle tarpaulins; safe working methods; safety belts; safety guides; training material; truck-mounted cranes; trucks; vehicle repair and servicing.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Dec. 1998. 59p. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 99-2090 Hartley L.
Managing fatigue in transportation
Topics: alcohol consumption and accidents; circadian rhythm; cognitive performance; conference; drivers; fatigue; legislation; perceptual-motor performance; road transport; safety rules; sea transport; shift work; sleep; taxis; transport industry; work time schedules.
Elsevier Science Limited, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom, 1998. xv, 458p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: NLG 227.00, USD 130.50.

CIS 99-1497 Rice A.
Privatization in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and its implications for occupational safety and health and the environment
Privatization is the key to a well-functioning market economy. Transition has unleashed a complex process with industries in flux, breakups, and mergers, and countries face new health problems. Globalization generates lower wages, relaxes standards, and introduces new work practices. Change must not be abused. Studies show that union-organized workplaces are safer than when no union is present and that an orderly industrial relations system with appropriate collective bargaining mechanisms is important. The problems are political more than technical; the new social partners must engage in dialogue. Topics: alcoholism; collective agreements; diet; Eastern Europe; economic aspects; environment; industrial organization; multinational enterprises; qualifications; role of government; role of private bodies; role of workers organizations; small enterprises; smoking; social aspects; transition economies; unemployment; work organization.
New Solutions, 1998, Vol.8, No.4, p.451-460. Illus.

CIS 99-1654 Bovenzi M.
Vibration-induced white finger and cold response of digital arterial vessels in occupational groups with various patterns of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration
The change in finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) at 15 and 10°C as the percentage of the pressure at 30°C (FSBP%) was measured in 455 healthy referents and 822 workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration from vibrating tools. The prevalence of white finger was 1.1% for the referents and ranged from 9.0% to 51.6% for the vibration-exposed groups. After adjustment for age, smoking and drinking habits, the FSBP% was significantly lower in the vibration-exposed groups than in the reference group. Groupwise, the FSBP% was inversely related to the prevalence of white finger, the estimated exposure and total operating time. FSBP measurement during cold provocation is a useful laboratory test for white finger. A quantitative relationship between cold-induced digital arterial hyperresponsiveness and occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration was suggested. Topics: age; alcoholism; blood pressure; blood vessels; cold pressor test; dose-response relationship; fingers; hand-arm vibration; Raynaud's phenomenon; smoking; vibrating tools.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1998, Vol.24, No.2, p.138-144. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 99-472 Arndt V., Brenner H., Rothenbacher D., Zschenderlein B., Fraisse E., Fliedner T.M.
Elevated liver enzyme activity in construction workers: Prevalence and impact on early retirement and all-cause mortality
In a study of 8,043 male construction workers aged 25-64 years, the baseline prevalence of elevated activity levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was 32%, 22% and 12% respectively. Factors most strongly related to elevated serum activity levels for all three enzymes were self-reported alcohol consumption, diabetes and hypertension. Body mass index was strongly associated with elevations in GGT and ALT but not in AST. Elevated levels of AST and GGT were strongly related to early retirement and all-cause mortality. Findings suggest that screening for elevated GGT and AST levels, which are a common finding among construction workers, may be a powerful tool for the identification of individuals at increased risk of early retirement and preterm mortality and may be helpful in targeting of prevention efforts. Topics: alcoholism; glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; cohort study; construction industry; enzyme activity; expertise; liver function tests; long-term study; mortality; smoking.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1998, Vol.71, No.6, p.405-412. 41 ref.

CIS 99-695 Knepil J.
Drug screening guidelines
Topics: determination in urine; disciplinary measures; drug dependence; drug testing; medico-legal aspects; pre-employment medical examinations.
Safety and Health Practitioner, Nov. 1998, Vol.16, No.11, p.27-30. Illus.

CIS 99-458 Gowers D.S., Carpenter A.V., Ellis H.M., Best A.M., Nash D., Holzner C.L., Keith J.B, Sherrard H.G.
Health surveillance using an occupational medical database
This pilot study sought associations between liver function tests (LFTs) and membership in homogeneous exposure groups (HEGs) at a large plant as pre-clinical indications of possible future occupational health problems. A company database yielded linear models for each of six LFTs in terms of sex, body mass index, age, race, alcohol and cigarette consumption and production/non-production job, permitting control for these in analyses of LFTs vs HEGs at the plant. Results show that large plant medical databases can be used in a systematic way to identify potential problems in occupational groups. Topics: age-linked differences; alcoholism; body weight; computerized data bases; exposure tests; harmful substances; job-exposure relation; length of exposure; liver function tests; medical supervision; sex-linked differences; smoking; statistical evaluation.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1998, Vol.40, No.8, p.685-696. 76 ref.

CIS 99-197 Gonzalez M., Velten M., Cantineau A.
Increased acquired dyschromatopsia among solvent-exposed workers: An epidemiology study on 249 employees of an aluminum-foil printing factory
Topics: alcoholism; case-control study; colour vision deficiency; determination in air; dose-response relationship; exposure evaluation; food industry; job-exposure relation; length of exposure; long-term exposure; organic solvents; packaging materials; pharmaceutical industry; photogravure printing; printing industry; smoking; vision tests.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1998, Vol.71, No.5, p.317-324. 29 ref.

CIS 99-294 NIOSH Alert - Preventing worker injuries and deaths from traffic-related motor vehicle crashes
Topics: alcoholism; commuting accidents; drivers; fatalities; injuries; legislation; occupational accidents; road transport; road vehicles; safety guides; safety rules; statistical aspects; USA.
Publications Dissemination, EID, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1998. 11p. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 99-195 De Stefani E., Boffetta P., Oreggia F., Ronco A., Kogevinas M., Mendilaharsu M.
Occupation and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Uruguay
Topics: alcoholism; carcinogenic effects; asbestos; case-control study; dose-response relationship; harmful substances; inorganic acids; laryngeal cancer; occupation disease relation; pesticides; smoking; Uruguay.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1998, Vol.33, No.6, p.537-542. 29 ref.

CIS 99-144 Petersen J.S., Zwerling C.
Comparison of health outcomes among older construction and blue-collar employees in the United States
Topics: alcoholism; back disorders; blue-collar workers; chronic respiratory diseases; cohort study; construction industry; lower extremity disorders; mental disorders; musculoskeletal diseases; older workers; respirable dust; smoking; state of health; USA.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1998, Vol.34, No.3, p.280-287. 17 ref.

CIS 99-344 Trinkhoff A.M., Storr C.L.
Work schedule characteristics and substance use in nurses
Administrative attention to the interplay of work schedules on workers along with consideration of competing family/home demands could lead to more healthful scheduling. In addition to substance use, working longer night and rotating shifts might be related to other health behaviors and conditions that should be examined in the future. Topics: alcoholism; drug dependence; night work; nursing personnel; questionnaire survey; shift work; smoking; social aspects; work organization; work time schedules; work-rest schedules.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1998, Vol.34, No.3, p.266-271. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 98-1747 Hermansson U.
Drugs misuse at work
Detection and management of drugs misuse at work. Topics: drug dependence; drug testing; health programmes; information of personnel; narcotics; work capacity.
Safety and Health Practitioner, Apr. 1998, Vol.16, No.4, p.30-32. 13 ref.

CIS 98-1254 Dell T., Berkhout J.
Injuries at a metal foundry as a function of job classification, length of employment and drug screening
Topics: abrasive operations; contusion; coremaking; drug testing; epidemiologic study; eye injuries; foundries; fractures; job-exposure relation; length of service; moulding; statistical evaluation; strain injuries; thermal burns; USA; wounds.
Journal of Safety Research, Spring 1998, Vol.29, No.1, p.9-14. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 98-1541 Rose G., Bengtsson C., Dimberg L., Kumlin L., Eriksson B.
Life events, mood, mental strain and cardiovascular risk factors in Swedish middle-aged men. Data from the Swedish part of the Renault/Volvo Coeur Study
Topics: alcoholism; blood pressure; blue-collar workers; cardiovascular diseases; mental stress; motor vehicle industry; questionnaire survey; risk factors; serum changes; smoking; social aspects; stress factors; Sweden; white-collar workers.
Occupational Medicine, July 1998, Vol.48, No.5, p.329-336. 46 ref.

CIS 98-1047 Chappell D., Di Martino V.
Violence at work
Topics: bullying; character; drug dependence; economic aspects; high-risk groups; human behaviour; human relations; ILO; information of personnel; international agreements; legislation; personality disorders; psychological effects; report; risk factors; sexual harassment; statistics; violence; work in isolation.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1998. xi, 165p. Illus. 226 ref. Price: CHF 25.00.

CIS 98-95
Health and Safety Executive
Drug misuse at work - A guide for employers
Topics: drug dependence; drug testing; legislation; role of management; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1998. 23p.

1997

CIS 01-685 Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzène [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 93-1450. Acute toxicity: narcotic; hepatotoxic effects; irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurological disorders; cyanosis, methaemoglobinaemia (ingestion). Chronic toxicity: neurological effects; hepatic, kidney and pulmonary damage; dermatosis. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 46mg/m3 (10ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.602-033-00-1; Xn, N, R10, R20, R51/53, S24/25, S61, 203-628-5. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. Rev.ed. 5p. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 00-547 AIDS and work
Sida et travail [in French]
Topics: discriminatory practices; drug dependence; drugs; employee rights; ethics; France; handicapped workers; human behaviour; immunodeficiency syndrome; industrial physicians; infectious diseases; information of personnel; legislation; medical treatment; narcotics; nursing personnel; responsibilities of employers; role of supervisory staff; social aspects; work in isolation.
Performances Humaines et Techniques, May-June 1997, No.88, p.6-37.

CIS 99-1836 Montesdeoca Hernández D., Montesdeoca Hernández M.J.
Prevention of smoking and alcoholism by the mutual occupational accident insurances: A proposal
La prevención del tabaquismo y alcoholismo desde las mutuas de accidentes de trabajo: una propuesta [in Spanish]
Topics: alcoholism; health programmes; information of personnel; plant safety and health organization; role of insurance institutions; smoking; Spain.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1997, Vol.44, No.175, p.75-80.

CIS 99-1876 Morales Suárez-Varela M.M., Llopis González A., Marquina Vila A., Cerjudo Ferragud A.I., Fuertes A.
Work activity and non-melanoma skin cancer
La actividad laboral en relación con el cáncer cutáneo no melanoma [in Spanish]
The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is increasing, and the risk of developing this disease is higher in areas with long hours of sunshine, as in Valencia in Spain. A study was made in a hospital in Valencia during the period 1977-1993, with the aim of establishing occupations at higher risk of NMSC and major risk factors. Results showed that domestic and agricultural activities were the groups most associated with NMSC, as were a light skin complexion and the presence of pre-existing skin lesions in both groups. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were most frequent among agricultural workers. Concerning the type of tumor involved, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common tumor in the agricultural sector, while basal cell carcinoma was the most common tumor among domestic workers. Topics: agriculture; alcoholism; carcinoma; chemical products; domestic service; job-exposure relation; risk factors; skin cancer; smoking; solar radiation; Spain; statistical evaluation; survey.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1997, Vol.44, No.175, p.59-73. 29 ref.

CIS 99-1973 Vaughan T.L., Stewart P.A., Davis S., Thomas D.B.
Work in dry cleaning and the incidence of cancer of the oral cavity, larynx and oesophagus
In two population-based control studies, slight increases in risk were found for oesophageal, laryngeal and tongue cancer among dry cleaning workers potentially exposed to tetrachloroethylene. While these findings could be explained by chance, they are consistent with previous reports. It is suggested that previous studies of dry cleaners that did not control for alcohol and cigarette use may have underestimated the relative risks of such cancers. Topics: alcoholism; cancer; tetrachloroethylene; case-control study; dry cleaning; laryngeal cancer; oesophageal carcinoma; oral cancer; smoking; tongue diseases.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1997, Vol.54, No.9, p.692-695. 20 ref.

CIS 99-875 Pillière F., Falcy M.
Reduction in the legal alcohol limit: What consequences for workers occupationally exposed to chemical products?
Diminution du taux légal d'alcoolémie: quelles incidences pour les salariés professionnellement exposés aux produits chimiques? [in French]
Topics: alcohols; ethyl acetate; ethanol; methanol; isopropyl alcohol; propanol; butyl alcohol; determination in blood; determination in exhaled air; drug testing; France; interferences; legislation; metabolic process.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1997, No.69, p.3-12. 31 ref.

CIS 99-342 Conference on stress and mental health among health care workers - 28 November 1996
Jornada sobre estrés y salud mental en el personal sanitario - 28 de noviembre de 1996 [in Spanish]
Topics: compensation of occupational diseases; conference; degree of disability; drug dependence; health care personnel; health services; job dissatisfaction; medico-legal aspects; mental health; neuropsychic stress; overstrain; psychological effects; Spain; stress factors.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1997, Vol.XLIV, No.172, p.81-172. Illus. Bibl ref.

CIS 99-346 Guppy A., Marsden J.
Assisting employees with drinking problems: Changes in mental health, job perceptions and work performance
Changes in mental health, job perceptions and work performance following a company-based counselling programme for employees with alcohol-related problems. Topics: alcoholism; mental health; neuropsychic stress; programme evaluation; psychological and psychiatric services; public transport; sickness absenteeism; work capacity.
Work and Stress, Oct.-Dec. 1997, Vol.11, No.4, p.341-350. 23 ref.

CIS 97-1976 Friis L., Norbäck D., Edling C.
Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms at low levels of occupational exposure to organic solvents and relationships to health, lifestyle and stress
The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 54 iron ore miners under notice of dismissal and in 124 age-matched controls was investigated. Several common factors influenced the prevalence of symptoms: occupational exposure to relatively low levels of organic solvents; illness demanding regular medication; alcohol consumption; and stressful life events such as job loss. The influences on neuropsychiatric symptoms of common exposures other than solvent exposure should be considered in studies of neurotoxic effects in solvent-exposed workers.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, July/Sep. 1997, Vol.3, No.3, p.184-189. 28 ref.

CIS 97-2109 Davies J.B., et al.
Health and Safety Executive
Alcohol in the workplace: Results of an empirical study
This report presents the results of a survey of alcohol consumption among employees in a sample of 45 firms in Great Britain. Results are discussed in relation to drinking behaviour, effects of alcohol on work performance, sickness and absence due to alcohol, comparison between higher- and lower-drinking companies, alcohol-related attitudes, workplace culture and alcohol policies. Firms differed markedly in drinking cultures and other drinking-related variables. Alcohol policies need to take into account differences among firms in terms of workforce culture, attitudes and the nature of the work being carried out.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. xxii, 179p. Illus. 24 ref. Price: GBP 57.00.

CIS 97-2094 Ritson B.
Place of work, communities and municipalities
The potential for community and municipal action combating alcoholism was the subject of a publication in the series associated with the WHO European Alcohol Action Plan. The work-place was taken as a significant microcosm, where healthy company policy to provide early help and support to individuals with alcohol-related problems was particularly beneficial.
Addiction, Mar. 1997, Vol.92, Sup. No.1, p.127-132. 15 ref.

CIS 97-1746 Tartaglini A.J., Safran D.A.
A topography of psychiatric disorders among correction officers
Medical charts of 1029 prison officers with complaints of psychological distress were reviewed. Subjects showed a wide range of psychiatric conditions, accounting for a substantial loss of full-duty workdays. The most frequently observed diagnostic clusters were phase of life/marital/family problems, followed by mood and adjustment disorders. Results suggest that the prevalence of mood, adjustment and alcohol abuse disorders in correction officers is higher than that in the general population. The rates of psychotic disorders and personality disorders among these officers were notably lower than those seen in the general population.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1997, Vol.39, No.6, p.569-573. 23 ref.

CIS 97-1745 Schenker M.B., et al.
Self-reported stress and reproductive health of female lawyers
In a questionnaire survey of 584 female lawyers aged 25 to 63, job hours per week was a strong predictor of job stress. Women who worked more than 45 hours per week during their first trimester of pregnancy were more likely to report high stress at work during pregnancy. Weekly job hours during the first trimester of pregnancy showed a strong independent association with spontaneous abortion risk, as did 7 or more alcohol drinks per week. Self-reported stress during pregnancy was positively, but not significantly, associated with spontaneous abortion.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1997, Vol.39, No.6, p.556-568. 40 ref.

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