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2002

CIS 03-184 Guidotti T.L.
Apportionment in asbestos-related disease for purposes of compensation
Workers' compensation systems attempt to evaluate claims for occupational disease on an individual basis using the best available guidelines. This may be difficult when there is more than one risk factor associated with the outcome, such as exposure to asbestos and cigarette smoking, and when the occupational exposure is not clearly responsible for the disease. Apportionment is an approach that involves an assessment of the relative contribution of work-related exposures to the risk of the disease or to the final impairment that arises for the disease. This review article discusses the concept of apportionment and applies it to asbestos-associated diseases. Apportionment, attractive as it may be as an approach to the adjudication of asbestos-related disease, is difficult to apply in practice. Even so, these models may serve as a general guide to the assessment of asbestos-related disease outcomes for purposes of compensation.
Industrial Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.40, No.4, p.295-311. Illus. 68 ref.

CIS 03-298 Szeszenia-Dąbrowska N., Wilczyńska U., Szymczak W., Strzelecka A.
Mortality study of workers compensated for asbestosis in Poland, 1970-1997
To assess the risk of asbestos-related malignancies among persons with suffering from asbestosis, a cohort composed of 907 men and 490 women for whom asbestosis had been diagnosed in between 1970 and 1997 was identified. The follow-up continued until 31 December 1999. 421 deaths were registered and causes of death were retrieved for 93.3% of the deceased. A significantly increased mortality was observed both in the male (SMR=127) and female (SMR=150) subcohorts. The elevated number of deaths in both subcohorts were noted mainly due to respiratory diseases (SMR 344 for men, 789 for women) malignant neoplasms (SMR 146 for men, 159 for women), including lung cancer (SMR 168 for men, 621 for women) and pleural mesothelioma (SMR 2680 for men, 7207 for women). Taking into account a cumulative dose of fibers, a significantly increased mortality from lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma was found in persons exposed to a dose above 25 f-y/mL. The results indicate that persons with asbestosis are at higher risk of developing malignant neoplasms, especially lung cancer and mesothelioma.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2002, Vol.15, No.3, p.267-278. 21 ref.

CIS 03-123 Zalk D.M., Batino J.M.S., Kawakami T., Nguyen T.C., Sithisarankul P., Punpeng T., Boonchoo S., Baikrai U., Jackson H., Liang Y.X., Wu W.A., Fu W.Z., Lehtinen S., Fujioka M.
Occupational hygiene and practical solutions
This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational hygiene: Contents: participatory occupational hygiene; low-cost improvements and good work practices implemented in the Philippines; occupational hygiene and protective measures in Vietnam; healthy workplaces and indicators in Thailand; use of safety data sheets and labelling for controlling exposure to chemicals; latest developments in occupational health legislation in China; review of a symposium on asbestos aimed at countries in the Asia-Pacific region held in Finland. Other topic: occupational morbidity in Japan compared to Nordic countries.
Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Nov. 2002, Vol.9, No.3, p.50-74 (whole issue). Illus. 43 ref.

CIS 02-1822 Koskinen K., Pukkala E., Martikainen R., Reijula K., Karjalainen A.
Different measures of asbestos exposure in estimating risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma among construction workers
To analyse occupation, expert-evaluated cumulative exposure and radiographic abnormalities as indicators of asbestos-related cancer risk, a cohort of 16,696 construction workers was followed in 1990-2000. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) in comparison to the Finnish population and relative risks (RR) in a multivariate analysis in comparison to the internal low-exposure category of each indicator were calculated. Overall, the risk was increased for mesothelioma (SIR 2.0) but not for lung cancer (SIR 1.1). Radiographic lung fibrosis indicated a two-fold and a high value of the exposure index, and a three-fold RR of lung cancer, while there was no risk among those with pleural plaques. The risk of lung cancer was the highest in insulators (RR 3.7).
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2002, Vol.44, No.12, p.1190-1196. 20 ref.

CIS 02-1804 Saragoussi D., Chevalier A., de Chazal T., Hazard B., Lahon G.
Asbestos-related diseases compensated by Electricité-de-France et Gaz-de-France: A retrospective 23-year study
Les maladies professionnelles liés à l'amiante indemnisées à Electricité-de-France et Gaz-de-France: résultats d'une enquête rétrospective sur 23 ans [in French]
The purpose of this study was to characterize the trends in compensated asbestos-related diseases among employees of the French national electrical and gas utility (Electricité-de-France and Gaz-de-France, EDF-GDF), with respect to their nature and frequency, the age and sex of the victims, clinical peculiarities, exposure locations and duration, latency and lag times, levels and delays of compensation. A retrospective study was carried out involving the 704 cases compensated between 1977 and 2000 based on information obtained from the medical archives of the health insurance fund covering these industries. It was found that non-malignant pleural pathologies were the most frequent (68%), followed by pulmonary fibrosis (11.4%) and mesothelioma (11.2%). Lung cancer represented 9.3% of these diseases. There was a dramatic increase in overall frequency from 1996. Most persons who declare these occupational diseases are retired; their mean age is 61.6 years old and is significantly rising. The population is essentially male. Average exposure and latency times are 23.5 and 36.8 years, respectively. The mean compensation delay is 29.5 months but getting progressively shorter.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Dec. 2002, Vol.63, No.8, p.609-621. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 02-1664 Schabath M.B., Spitz M.R., Delclos G.L., Gunn G.B., Whitehead L.W., Wu X.
Association between asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking, myeloperoxidase (MPO) genotypes, and lung cancer risk
The objective of the study was to determine whether genetic factors such as polymorphic metabolic/oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) could modulate individual susceptibility to asbestos-associated carcinogenesis. Restricted fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the MPO genotypes in 375 lung cancer cases and 378 matched controls. Detailed information regarding smoking, occupational history and exposures were obtained through interviews. Asbestos exposure was associated with a significantly elevated risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.45). However, G/G carriers who were exposed to asbestos had an OR of 1.72 while that of A-allele carriers (G/A+A/A) was 0.89. All three risk factors (MPO genotypes, asbestos exposure and smoking) were analysed for combined effects. Heavy smokers with the G/G genotype and a history of asbestos exposure demonstrated a significant elevated risk estimate (OR 2.19, while the A-allele carriers with the same exposure profile were at a lower risk for lung cancer (OR 1.18). The A-allele genotypes demonstrated similar protective effects for all exposure profiles.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2002, Vol.42, No.1, p.29-37. 37 ref.

CIS 02-1798 Kitamura F., Araki S., Suzuki Y., Yokoyama K., Tanigawa Y., Iwasaki R.
Assessment of the mutations of p53 suppressor gene and Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in malignant mesothelioma in relation to asbestos exposure: A study of 12 American patients
To examine whether malignant mesothelioma due to asbestos have genetic alterations in the p53 suppressor gene and in Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes, point mutations of these genes in paraffin-embedded operative open biopsied samples of the primary tumor of malignant mesothelioma of twelve patients were analysed. The genetic analysis was conducted by the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism method in all patients and by sequencing analysis of DNA bases in the two patients with suspected gene mutation. The analysis of the p53 suppressor gene showed an amino acid converting mutation of exon 7 in one patient and a polymorphism of exon 6 in another patient. No genetic alteration was found in exons 1 and 2 of Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in any of the patients. The results suggest that the effects of asbestos exposure on the p53 suppressor gene and Ha- and Ki-ras oncogenes in malignant mesothelioma are negligible.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.40, No.2, p.175-181. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 02-1797 Carel R., Boffetta P., Kauppinen T., Teschke K., Andersen A., Jäppinen P., Pearce N., Andreassen Rix B., Bergeret A., Coggon D., Persson B., Szadkowska-Stanczyk I., Kielkowski D., Henneberger P., Kishi R., Facchini L.A., Sala M., Colin D., Kogevinas M.
Exposure to asbestos and lung and pleural cancer mortality among pulp and paper industry workers
The mortality from lung and pleural cancers in a cohort of 62,937 male workers employed for at least one year in the pulp and paper industry was studied in 13 countries from 1945 to 1996. Departments were classified according to probability and level of exposure to asbestos on the basis of available dust measurements and company-specific information on exposure circumstances. 36% of workers were classified as ever exposed to asbestos. Standardized mortality ratios of lung cancer were 0.99 among unexposed and 1.00 among ever exposed workers. The number of pleural cancer deaths among unexposed workers was 10; that among exposed workers was 14, most of which occurred among maintenance workers. In internal analyses, a trend in mortality from either neoplasm was suggested for cumulative exposure to asbestos. This study suggests that the carcinogenic effect of asbestos can be detected among workers employed in industries such as the pulp and paper industry, in which it is not considered to be a major hazard.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2002, Vol.44, No.6, p.579-584. 33 ref.

CIS 02-1046 Regulation No.373/2002 on labour protection requirements in work with asbestos [Latvia]
Darba aizsardzības prasības darbā ar azbestu [in Latvian]
This Regulation (adopted 20 Aug. 2002) provides for the protection of workers potentially exposed to asbestos. On the whole, asbestos is to be removed from workplaces through the process of substitution. Contents: risk assessment (exposure limits: 0.6 fibres/cm³ [chrysotile], 0.3 fibres/cm³ [other types of asbestos]); obligations of employers; registration of employees subject to exposure to asbestos; notification of the State Labour Inspection concerning work with asbestos; cooperation of employers with employees; health surveillance of workers who come into contact with asbestos. In annex: method for determining asbestos fibre concentration in the air.
Internet documents. Latvian original from the Ministry of Labour (9p.). English translation from: Tulkošanas un Terminoloģijas centrs, Kr. Valdemāra ielā 37, Rīga, 1010 Latvia (9p.)
http://www.lm.gov.lv/saturs_norm_akti/na_darbs/20020820_mk373_azbests.htm [in Latvian]
http://www.ttc.lv/New/lv/tulkojumi/E0428.doc [in English]

CIS 02-1044 Decree No.2002-1528 of 24 Dec. 2002 modifying Decree No.96-1133 of 24 Dec. 1996 on the prohibition of asbestos and Decree No.96-98 of 7 Feb. 1996 on the protection of workers against the risks of inhalation of asbestos dust [France]
Décret n°2002-1528 du 24 décembre 2002 modifiant le décret n°96-1133 du 24 décembre 1996 relatif à l'interdiction de l'amiante et le décret n°96-98 du 7 février 1996 relatif à la protection des travailleurs contre les risques liés à l'inhalation de poussières d'amiante [France] [in French]
This decree modifies French legislation concerning asbestos (see CIS 96-404 and CIS 99-380). The main modification involves the contents and the comprehensibility of training provided to workers concerning the hazards of asbestos. In addition, the ownership of used cars and used agricultural or forestry equipment is exempted from the rules prohibiting asbestos if the vehicle or equipment had been put into circulation before the entry into force of the Decree, unless the asbestos is in the disk brakes.
Journal officiel de la République française, 28 Dec. 2002, 134th Year, No.302, p.21860-21861.
http://admi.net/jo/20021228/SOCT0211801D.html [in French]

CIS 02-825 Hauptmann M., Pohlabeln H., Lubin J.H., Jöckel K.H., Ahrens W., Brüske-Hohlfeld I., Wichmann H.E.
The exposure-time-response relationship between occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancer in two German case-control studies
Numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate the association between lung cancer and occupational asbestos exposure. However, data are lacking on the effects of timing of the exposure. Two German case-control studies with data on occupational asbestos exposure histories were pooled. Duration of work in jobs with potential exposure to asbestos, derived exposure measures and the time lapsed since the last exposure were analyzed. The odds ratios (OR) were 1.8 and 2.4 for subjects having worked for 3 to 7 years and 8 or more years, respectively, in a job with potential asbestos exposure compared to those never exposed. Based on an evaluation of time since last exposure, the OR decreased significantly to about one half after more than 20 years since the exposure ceased. In contrast to previous indications, this study indicates that the risk of lung cancer increases soon after asbestos exposure, with its maximum effect from 10 to 15 years after the exposure was initiated.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 2002, Vol.41, No.2, p.89-97. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 02-989 Osinubi O.Y.O., Afilaka A.A., Doucette J., Golden A., Soriano T., Rovner E., Anselm E.
Study of smoking behavior in asbestos workers
A cross-sectional survey of 214 asbestos workers was initiated to determine the prevalence of smoking and their readiness to quit smoking. The study involved 61 never smokers (28.5%), 118 ex-smokers (55.1%), and 35 current smokers (16.4%). Reasons for smoking cessation in ex-smokers included perception of ill-health (51 %) and knowledge of smoking-asbestos hazards (3.4%). Stage of change of current smokers revealed: pre-contemplation (26.5%), contemplation (35%), preparation (29%), and action (8.8%). Current smokers had the highest prevalence of small airway obstruction on spirometry. A detailed smoking history during medical surveillance activities will enable the occupational physician to identify asbestos workers who have difficulty quitting and to develop a system in which such individuals can be referred to comprehensive smoking cessation programs.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 2002, Vol.41, No.1, p.62-69. 27 ref.

CIS 02-525 Order No.39/2002 of 16 Jan. 2002 on health protection while working with asbestos [Slovak Republic]
Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky zo 16. januára 2002 o ochrane zdravia pri práci s asbestom [in Slovak]
This Order (entry into force: 1 Feb. 2002) establishes the minimum requirements for the protection of workers exposed to asbestos in its various forms. Exposure limits are given. In annex: reference method for asbestos measurement.
Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 30 Jan. 2002, No.19, p.299-303.
http://www.bozpo.sk/bezpecnost/predpis/39_02.pdf [in Slovak]

2001

CIS 06-1011 Asbestos, all forms
Criteria document on asbestos. Contents: chemical and physical properties; major uses; animal studies; human studies; dose-response relationships for asbestos-related diseases (asbestosis, lung cancer, association between asbestosis and lung cancer, mesothelioma). A threshold limit value 0.1 fiber/cm³ is recommended for occupational exposure to all forms of asbestos.
ACGIH, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45240, USA, 2001. 8p. 57 ref.

CIS 06-1100 Cai S.X., Zhang C.H., Zhang X., Morinaga K.
Epidemiology of occupational asbestos-related diseases in China
Epidemiological data on occupational asbestos-related diseases in China are reviewed. In the 1950s and 60s, asbestosis was the major health hazard for asbestos-exposed workers. In the late 1970s, lung cancers began to be reported among asbestos workers, with or without concurrent asbestosis. All cohort studies on asbestos workers and on chrysotile miners showed excess deaths from lung cancer. In a large-scale cohort study, a synergistic effect was found between smoking and asbestos exposure in the incidence of lung cancer. There have been few cases of malignant mesothelioma reported so far. In the cohort of chrysotile miners, four cases of pleural mesothelioma were observed. In the large scale of cohort study on asbestos workers in nine factories using only chrysotile, only one case of pleural mesothelioma was reported for 10 years' observation. In two other cohort studies, two cases of peritoneal mesothelioma were reported, one in an asbestos factory where a small amount of crocidolite had been used in 1960s, and one in an asbestos factory that was located near tremolite mine. Further study is needed, particularly on the relationship between exposure to chrysotile and malignant mesothelioma.
Industrial Health, 2001, Vol.39, p.75-83. 68 ref.

CIS 04-20 Resolution No.823/2001 - Prohibition of the production, importation, sale and use of asbestos (chrysotile) fibres and of products containing them, as of 1 Jan. 2003 [Argentina]
Resolución 823/2001 - Prohíbese la producción, importación, comercialización y uso de fibras de Asbesto variedad Crisotilo y productos que las contengan, a partir del 1° de enero de 2003 [Argentina] [in Spanish]
This ministerial resolution bans all use of chrysotile asbestos in Argentina as of 1 Jan. 2003. Some chrysotile-containing materials (textiles, paper, carton, plastic, filters, joints, pastes, paints and insulation) are totally banned within 60 days of the publication of this Resolution. On the other hand, chrysotile-containing materials may be authorized for a period of 1 year after its prohibition, with possibility of renewal, in cases where their replacement is not feasible or where no replacement exists in the market.
Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 31 July 2001, No.29700, p.10.
http://infoleg.mecon.gov.ar/txtnorma/68112.htm [in Spanish]
http://www.msal.gov.ar/htm/site/prog_DPPS4.asp [in Spanish]
http://www.puntofocal.gov.ar/doc/arg2001/arg24.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1754 Letourneux M.
Evaluation of the risk of occurrence of benign asbestos-related diseases (dose-response relationship, time-response relationship and co-factors)
Evaluación del riesgo de que se produzcan patologías asbestósicas benignas (relación dosis-efecto, relación tiempo-efecto y cofactores) [in Spanish]
Despite the lack of precision of asbestos exposure assessments and the limitations of the main diagnostic tool (standard X ray films), several issues concerning the risk of development of asbestos-related diseases are well established. For asbestosis, now a rare disease, the existence of a positive dose-response relationship, with a threshold or no-effect level, has been clearly demonstrated. The slope of the relationship curve is steeper for amphiboles than for chrysotile, as it is for increased fibre length. Asbestosis is associated with an increased risk of bronchial carcinoma; however it is now known that exposure to asbestos increases the risk of cancer even in the absence of any radiographic signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Pleural plaques occur even when the level of asbestos exposure is low. They are not only dose-dependant but are also latency-related. They have no prognostic significance in asbestos-exposed workers, but are associated with an increased risk for the subsequent development of mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma when compared to the risk of the general population. Diffuse pleural thickening is associated with higher levels of asbestos exposure than those associated with pleural plaques.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.191, p.87-96. 70 ref.

CIS 03-1173 Huuskonen O., Kivisaari L., Zitting A., Taskinen K., Tossavainen A., Vehmas T.
High-resolution computed tomography classification of lung fibrosis for patients with asbestos-related disease
This study tested a new high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scoring method for asbestos-induced parenchymal changes in the lung. HRCT scans of 602 asbestos-exposed workers and 49 referents were reviewed by three radiologists. The HRCT fibrosis score (from 0 to V) was compared with the radiographic classification of the ILO. All the specified computed tomography findings explained 86% of the variance in the HRCT fibrosis score. Age and occupational group were significant predictors of fibrosis. The sensitivity (70%) and specificity (91%) of the HRCT fibrosis score (classes I/II-V representing asbestosis) were better than those of the ILO classification. The examined HRCT scoring method proved to be a simple, reliable, and reproducible method for classifying lung fibrosis and diagnosing asbestosis also in large populations with occupational disease, and it would be possible to use it as a part of an international classification.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2001, Vol.27, No.2, p.106-112. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 03-1296 Tossavainen A., Kotilainen M., Takahashi K., Pan G., Vanhala E.
Amphibole fibres in Chinese chrysotile asbestos
Ten chrysotile bulk samples originating from six Chinese chrysotile mines were studied for amphibole fibres. The asbestos fibre content in lung tissue from seven deceased workers of the Shenyang asbestos plant was also examined. The bulk samples were pretreated with acid/alkali-digestion, and thereafter, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffractometry were used to identify the minerals. The amphibole asbestos contents were between 0.002 and 0.310 w-%. Tremolite fibres were detected in every sample but anthophyllite fibres were present only in the sample originating from the dolomite-hosted deposit. In comparison, anthophyllite (71%), tremolite (9%) and chrysotile (10%) were the main fibre types in the lung tissue samples indicating faster pulmonary clearance of chrysotile fibres. The total levels ranged from 2.4 to 148.3 million fibres (over 1µm) per gram of dry tissue, and they were consistent with heavy occupational exposure to asbestos.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2001, Vol.45, No.2, p.145-152. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 03-728 Kauffer E., Martine M., Grzebyk M., Vigneron J.C., Sandino J.P.
Performance of asbestos fibre counting laboratories by transmission electron microscopy
Since February 1996, building owners in France are required to ascertain the possible presence of asbestos in surface materials, insulation products and false ceilings. This article reviews three years (1996-1998) of asbestos fibre count reporting and discusses the inter-laboratory testing scheme organized in France to evaluate the performance of laboratories. It is based on an indirect-transfer transmission electron microscopy procedure to measure the airborne asbestos fibre concentration. Each year, eight filters are distributed to each participating laboratory. These filters are obtained by filtering a suspension containing chrysotile or amphibole fibres. In 1996, 36% of the laboratories were rated 1 (the best performers) Performance improved appreciably in the last round where 85% of the laboratories were rated 1.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Jan. 2001, Vol.45, No.1, p.61-69. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 03-725 McDonald J.C., Edwards C.W., Gibbs A.R., Lloyd H.M., Pooley F.D., Ross D.J., Rudd R.M.
Case-referent survey of young adults with mesothelioma: II. Occupational analyses
This study was aimed at the identification of occupations with an increased risk of developing mesothelioma in persons aged 50 years or less, and at the matching up of these occupations with lung tissue concentration of asbestos fibres by type. Eligible cases were sought from recent reports by chest physicians to the SWORD occupational disease surveillance scheme. Work histories were obtained for 115 men and 13 women. Lung tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 69 male and four female cases, and mineral fibres identified, sized and counted by electron microscopy. Of 37 industrial occupations analysed, odds ratios were significantly raised in eight: five in the construction industry and the others in shipbuilding, the manufacture of cement products and the manufacture of non-metallic mineral products (including asbestos). Mesothelioma in this young age group is concentrated among carpenters, plumbers, electricians and insulators in the construction industry, and is mainly attributable to amphibole exposure. Work in shipbuilding and manufacture of mineral products was less important than in earlier studies. See also CIS 03-724.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Oct. 2001, Vol.45, No.7, p.519-523. 6 ref.

CIS 03-724 McDonald J.C., Armstrong B.G., Edwards C.W., Gibbs A.R., Lloyd H.M., Pooley F.D., Ross D.J., Rudd R.M.
Case-referent survey of young adults with mesothelioma: I. Lung fibre analyses
The study was aimed at the determination of lung tissue concentration of asbestos and other mineral fibres by type and length in persons with mesothelioma aged 50 years or less at time of diagnosis, compared with controls of similar age and geographical region. In this age group, it was thought that most work-related exposures would have been since 1970, when the importation of crocidolite, but not amosite, into the United Kingdom was virtually eliminated. Eligible cases were sought from recent reports by chest physicians to the SWORD occupational disease surveillance scheme. Lung tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 69 male and four female cases, and mineral fibres identified, sized and counted by electron microscopy. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios increased steadily with concentration of crocidolite, amosite, tremolite and all amphiboles combined. In this young age group, amosite and crocidolite fibres could account for about 80% of cases of mesothelioma, and tremolite for some 7%. Contrary to expectation, however, some 90% of cases were in men who had started work before 1970; this was so whether or not amosite or crocidolite was found in lung tissue. See also CIS 03-725.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Oct. 2001, Vol.45, No.7, p.513-518. 15 ref.

CIS 03-830
Health and Safety Executive
Surveying, sampling and assessment of asbestos-containing materials
This method for the determination of hazardous materials explains how to survey workplace premises for asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) and how to record the results in a usable form. It also gives advice on how to recognize and sample suspected ACMs. Contents: introduction; overview of requirements for surveying and sampling; purpose and type of survey; survey planning; health and safety risks; surveying; bulk sampling strategy; bulk sampling procedures; assessment; documentation; quality assurance procedures. Appendices include: photographs showing examples of ACM's; example of a surveying and sampling equipment checklist; asbestos warning label.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2001. 43p. Illus. 21 ref. Price: GBP 18.00.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs100.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-67
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for asbestos (Update)
This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of asbestos is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: fibrotic lung disease (asbestosis); pleural thickening; lung cancer; pleural mesothelioma; increased risk of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and laryngeal cancer; depression of the immune system. (Update of CIS 97-226).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 327p. Illus. Approx. 1800 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp61.html [in English]

CIS 02-1520 Ordinance of 23 May 2001 of the Regional Government relative to the conditions applicable to decontamination work sites for buildings and civil engineering works containing asbestos and to work sites where asbestos encapsulation takes place [Belgium - Brussels-Capital Region]
23 mai 2001 - Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale relatif aux conditions applicables aux chantiers de décontamination de bâtiments ou d'ouvrages d'art contenant de l'amiante et aux chantiers d'encapsulation de l'amiante [Belgique - Région de Bruxelles-Capitale] [in French]
23 mei 2001. - Besluit van de Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Regering betreffende de voorwaarden die van toepassing zijn op e werven voor de verwijdering van asbest in gebouwen en kunstwerken en op de werven voor de isolatie van asbest [in Dutch]
This Ordinance specifies safe working methods in the presence of asbestos during operations of decontamination and encapsulation. Contents: definitions; general precautions; safety measures; air quality, confinement zones and permissible air concentrations (at the air extractor level: 0.01 fibre/cm³, elsewhere outside the confinement zone: 0.01 fibre/cm³ above the level measured before the work started); waste disposal; disposal of waste water in public sewers; particular measures on sites of minimal importance. In annex: indicative list of applications in which friable and non-friable asbestos are used.
Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 12 July 2001, 171st Year, No.202, p.24072-24079.

CIS 02-1835 Nesti M., Marinaccio A., Silvestri S.
The National Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) - First Report
Registro nazionale dei mesoteliomi (ReNaM). Primo rapporto [in Italian]
This is the first report of the Italian Register of mesothelioma cases, covering the incidence of the disease for the period 1993-1996. The Register was established following the provisions of Directive 83/477/EEC (see CIS 84-327) and of Italian Law No. 277/91 (see CIS 93-1404). For this first report, the Register covers only five Italian regions (Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Piedmont, Puglia and Tuscany), representing 31% of the country's population. It includes 991 cases of the disease, of which 747 were malignant pleural mesothelioma. The mean age of victims was 64 years, with a male-female ratio of 2.57:1. Beside work-related exposures to asbestos, numerous cases of non-occupational exposure were identified.
Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro (ISPESL), via Urbana 167, 00184 Roma, Italy, 2001. 127p. + 119p. Bibl. ref.

CIS 02-1795 Barbieri P.G., Lombardi S., Candela A., Pezzotti C., Binda I.
Incidence of malignant mesothelioma (1980-1999) and asbestos exposure in 190 cases diagnosed in the population of Brescia province
Incidenza del mesotelioma maligno (1980-1999) ed esposizione ad amianto in 190 casi diagnosticati in residenti nella provincia di Brescia [in Italian]
Annual frequency rates of mesothelioma were calculated for the 1980-1999 period in the Italian province of Brescia. They showed an increasing trend for the occurrence of pleural mesothelioma in both sexes. This trend was not observed for peritoneal location. Only 7 cases of asbestosis were diagnosed in the same mesothelioma cases. Occupational asbestos exposure was evaluated as certain, probable or possible in 45% of total cases. Exposure occurred in sectors where asbestos was not used as raw material, such as construction, iron, steel and other metal working. No association between peritoneal mesotheliomas and heavy exposure to asbestos was observed.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 2001, Vol.92, No.4, p.249-262. 60 ref.

CIS 02-1649 Merler E., Gioffrè F., Rozio L., Bizzotto R., Mion M., Sarto F.
Pleural mesothelioma among women in the Veneto region with past work as rag sorters for textile recycling and paper production
Mesoteliomi pleurici insorti in donne, residenti in Veneto, addette alla cernita di stracci presso "robe vecchie" e cartiere [in Italian]
A report of 9 cases of mesothelioma diagnosed among Italian women, whose only activity that could have involved exposure to asbestos had been as rag sorters. They had worked in textile recycling (8 cases) and in a paper mill (1 case) where cotton was used for paper production.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 2001, Vol.92, No.3, p.181-186. 24 ref.

CIS 02-1774 Rivolta G., Prandi E., Sogliani M., Picchi O.
Importance of broncho-alveolar lavage in demonstrating previous exposure to asbestos
Importanza del lavaggio broncoalveolare nella dimostrazione di pregressa esposizione ad amianto [in Italian]
This study regarded a population of 126 employees in a metalworking plant, who had worked with asbestos as an insulating material and who had not been subject to any previous specific health controls. Pleural thickening was confirmed by tomography in a number of workers. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for diagnostic purposes by means of bronchoscopy. In the tested employees, the concentration of asbestos bodies in the BAL liquid was on the average 2.38/mL (range 0.15-9/mL), whereas in the control group the average was 0.03/mL (range 0-0.25/mL). The study demonstrates the importance of asbestos bodies count in the BAL liquid as an objective indicator of past exposure to asbestos.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 2001, Vol.92, No.3, p.166-172. 15 ref.

CIS 02-1773 Camilucci L., Campopiano A., Casciardi S., Fioravanti F., Ramires D.
Exposure to artificial mineral fibres in public buildings
Esposizione a fibre minerali artificiali in edifici pubblici [in Italian]
Man-made mineral fibres used as insulating materials instead of asbestos may be dispersed in office buildings. In several surveys, samples were analysed by phase contrast optical and scanning electron microscopy. The measured airborne fibre concentrations did not show significant man-made mineral fibre dispersion in the environment.
Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 2001, Vol.92, No.1, p.32-38. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 02-1376 Macedo R.
Industrial fibres and health
As fibras industriais e a saúde [in Portuguese]
This publication discusses the health hazards from exposure to fibres, with emphasis on chrysotile asbestos. It describes sampling and counting methods for measuring and evaluating exposure. It also includes detailed information on hazards from various other fibres produced or used in Portugal: natural mineral fibres (asbestos, atapulgite, erionite, wollastonite); artificial mineral fibres; natural organic fibres (cotton, jute, cellulose, wool hemp, linen); synthetic organic fibres (p-aramids, m-aramids, polyolefins, carbon or graphite fibres, composites). Detailed summaries in Portuguese, English and French.
Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, July 2001. 306p. Illus. 148 ref.

CIS 02-1386 Gabriel D.
Asbestos
L'amiante [in French]
Contents of this practical guide on occupational safety and health with respect to asbestos: types of asbestos and their use; risks due to asbestos; protection of exposed persons; compensation of victims of diseases caused by asbestos fibres; approaches for reducing risks related to asbestos.
Editions Tissot, BP 109, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux cedex, France, Oct. 2001, No.9, 32p.

CIS 02-1361 Ramanathan A.L., Subramanian V.
Present status of asbestos mining and related health problems in India - A survey
At present in India more than thirty asbestos mines are in operation, producing 2800 tons of asbestos per month (mainly chrysotile and tremolite). In addition, a substantial quantity (approx. 70% of industrial consumption) is imported from Canada. The mining and milling and other related processes expose workers to cancer and related diseases. Women are more affected by their exposure in processing units compared to men who generally work in mines. Direct and indirect employment in asbestos mining and industrial processing is around 100,000 workers. The latency period (length of the time between exposure and the onset of diseases) in India is estimated to be 20-37 years. The causes for lung and breathing problems are mainly reliance on obsolete technology and direct contact with asbestos products without proper precautions, because in India asbestos is sold without statutory warning. This paper reviews health effects (such as fibrosis, sequelae, bronchogenic cancer, and malignant mesothelioma) on the Indian workers from asbestos-related activities.
Industrial Health, Oct. 2001, Vol.39, No.4, p.309-315. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 02-1372 Thoumelin P., Ayasse-Jaubert A.M., Laffitte-Rigaud G., Musso P., Jeanne C., Vandenbulcke S., de Gaudemaris R., François P.
Clinical audit of occupational medicine - Application to the assessment of the quality of medical services for employees previously exposed to asbestos
Audit clinique en médecine du travail - Application à l'évaluation de la qualité de la surveillance médicale des salariés anciennement exposés à l'amiante [in French]
The evaluation of professional practices is becoming common in the medical field. Quality and evaluation programmes have been implemented in the occupational health services of several countries, including France. The first part of this article consists of a review of published literature on the subject. A second part presents a study aimed at evaluating the quality of the medical supervision of employees of a large industrial enterprise having been previously exposed to asbestos, carried out by the company physicians of an industrial company, through an audit of employee medical records. This example should encourage a more widespread implementation of quality audits of occupational medicine services.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2001, No.88, p.395-401. 22 ref.

CIS 02-1311 Rödelsperger K., Jöckel K.H., Pohlabeln H., Römer W., Woitowitz H.J.
Asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers as risk factors for diffuse malignant mesothelioma: Results from a German hospital-based case-control study
Occupational factors in the development of diffuse malignant mesothelioma were examined in relationship to exposures to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs). 125 male subjects diagnosed by pathologists were interviewed concerning their occupational and smoking history. Odds ratios were calculated for an expert-based exposure index. The study confirms that asbestos is a relevant confounder for MMVF, while a relationship between exposure to MMVFs and mesothelioma could neither be detected nor excluded.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 2001, Vol.39, No.3, p.262-275. 59 ref.

CIS 02-1377 Nolan R.P., Langer A.M., Ross M., Wicks F.J., Martin R.F.
The health effects of chrysotile asbestos - Contribution of science to risk-management decisions
Proceedings of a workshop held in Montreal, Canada, 14-16 September 1997, grouped into five broad themes: exposure to amphibole-asbestos and mixed fibres; exposure to commercial chrysotile - mineralogy, modern products and exposures; mechanisms of mesothelioma and lung cancer; exposure to commercial chrysotile - historical perspectives of the health effects; exposure to commercial chrysotile - modern perspectives of the health effects.
Mineralogical Association of Canada, P.O. Box 78087, Meriline Postal Outlet, 1460 Merivale Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2E 1B1, 2001. viii, 304p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 02-1351 Wang X.R., Yano E., Wang M., Wang Z., Christiani D.C.
Pulmonary function in long-term asbestos workers in China
The aim of this study was to provide further understanding of the radiographic physiological associations in nonsmoking and smoking asbestos workers. Radiographic asbestosis, pleural lesion, and pulmonary function were studied in 269 Chinese asbestos workers, with average exposure periods of 23yrs for male workers and 18yrs for female workers. Their functional data were compared with those of 274 controls without exposure to dust. Although most of the male workers were smokers, none of the female workers smoked. In comparison with controls, asbestos workers had significantly lower lung volume and diffusing capacity, irrespective of sex. Female workers and smoking male workers had lower measurements of one-second forced expiratory volume and instantaneous forced expiratory flow at 50% and 25% of forced vital capacity. After adjustment for relevant covariates, asbestos exposure, asbestosis, and pleural abnormalities were associated with decreased parameters of pulmonary function, including lung volume, diffusing capacity and airway flow.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2001, Vol.43, No.7, p.623-629. 30 ref.

CIS 02-828 Iwatsubo Y., Pairon J.C., Boutin C., Menard O., Massin N., Caillaud D., Orlowski E., Galateau-Salle F., Bignon J., Brochard P.
Dose-response relationship between low levels of asbestos and pleural mesothelioma - Population-based case-control study in France
Relation dose-effet entre faibles niveaux d'exposition à l'amiante et mésothéliome pleural - Etude cas-témoins en population générale française [in French]
The relationship between prior occupational exposure to asbestos and pleural mesothelioma was studied in 405 cases and 387 controls among hospital patients between 1987 and 1993. Exposure to asbestos fibres was evaluated by a group of experts in terms of the probability, intensity and frequency of exposure. Among men, the odds ratio (OR) increased with probability of exposure from 1.2 for possible exposure to 3.6 for cases where exposure was certain. A dose-effect relationship was observed with the cumulative exposure index: the OR increased from 1.2 for the least-exposed category to 8.7 for the most-exposed category. Among women, the OR was 18.8 for cases where exposure was possible or certain. This study enabled the highlighting of a clear relationship between cumulative exposure to asbestos and pleural mesothelioma. A significant excess of mesothelioma was observed for exposure levels that were probably far below the limits adopted by most industrialized countries during the 1980s.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2001, No.185, p.7-16. 52 ref.

CIS 02-704 Ascoli V., Calisti R., Carnovale-Scalzo C., Nardi F.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in bakers and pastry cooks
The occurrence of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) among bakers and pastry cooks has never been documented. This article describes eight cases of MPM in bakers, pastry cooks, and biscuit cooks engaged in making, baking/cooking and selling pastry/bread in two hospital-based series in Italy totaling 222 cases during the period from 1990 to 1997. Field investigations revealed asbestos-containing material in ovens for baking bread manufactured prior to the 1980s. It is suggested that there is a possible new association between the occupations of baker/pastry cook and malignant pleural mesothelioma. The presumptive sources of asbestos are the asbestos-insulated ovens.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 2001, Vol.40, No.4, p.371-373. 12 ref.

CIS 02-772 Maddalon G., Patroni M., Peruzzo G.F., Trimarchi R., Cavallo D.M.
Characterization of airborne dust and fibres, especially those of silica and asbestos
Caratterizzazione di polveri e fibre aerodisperse con particolare riguardo alla silice ed agli amianti [in Italian]
Extensive review of results from scientific studies conducted since the 1940s at the Department of Occupational Safety and Health of the University of Milan, Italy. In addition, research carried out in other countries in the field of airborne contamination from industrial derivatives of silica, silicate and asbestos materials is discussed. A first chapter concerns sampling, measurement and analysis of various types of silica and silicate materials, with special consideration of airborne dusts in the workplace. The methodologies described range from chemical analysis to X-ray diffractometry and microscopic techniques (light microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy) of free crystalline silica in its various allotropic forms. A second chapter describes the evolution of sampling, counting, identification and qualitative discrimination methods of various types of asbestos and asbestos fibre substitutes. The third (and last) chapter contains an atlas demonstrating the optical and difractometric characteristics of silica and of natural and synthetic fibres (in particular, asbestos and its substitutes).
Medicina del lavoro, 2001, Vol.92 (suppl.), p.1-101. Illus. Bibl. ref.

CIS 02-871
Health and Safety Executive
Asbestos: Exposure limits and measurement of airborne dust concentrations
Inhalation of asbestos fibres may result in a number of diseases, including cancer. This guidance note provides asbestos exposure limits and describes how they are used. It explains when air monitoring is necessary and what can be found in laboratory reports. Contents: legislation and approved code of practice; definition of control limits and action levels, with examples of calculations; when airborne asbestos monitoring is required or not; HSC-approved meausurement method; air monitoring during asbestos removal work; selecting laboratories; information of personnel. An appendix lists the contents of air monitoring reports.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 7th ed., 2001. 8p. 13 ref. Price: GBP 5.00.

CIS 02-817 Bianchi C., Brollo A., Ramani L., Bianchi T., Giarelli L.
Asbestos exposure in malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: A survey of 557 cases
A series of 557 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed in the Trieste-Monfalcone area, Italy, in the period 1968-2000 was reviewed. The cases included 492 men and 65 women, aged between 32 and 93 years. Necropsy findings were available in 456 cases (82%). Occupational histories were obtained from the patients or their relatives. Routine lung sections were examined for asbestos bodies in 442 cases. In 109 cases isolation and counting of asbestos bodies were performed. A majority of people had histories of working in shipyards. Asbestos bodies were observed in lung sections in 67% of the cases. Latency periods (time intervals between first exposure to asbestos and death) ranged between 14 and 75 years. Latency periods among insulators and dock workers were shorter than among the other categories. High asbestos consumption occurred in many countries in the 1960s and in the 1970s. The data on latency periods obtained in the present study suggest that a world mesothelioma epidemic is to be expected in the coming decades.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2001, Vol.39, No.2, p.161-167. 32 ref.

CIS 02-780 Yoshizumi K., Hori H., Satoh T., Higashi T.
The trend in airborne asbestos concentrations at plants manufacturing asbestos-containing products in Japan
Although many countries now ban asbestos, the use of chrysotile is still permitted in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the airborne asbestos concentrations in workplaces and estimate the number of related disease cases in order to discuss the possible ban of asbestos use. The survey covered 528 workplaces in 145 plants and included 2795 workers exposed to asbestos from 1985 to 1998. It was found that airborne asbestos had decreased and working conditions were much improved at all workplaces. The Japan Asbestos Association's recommended concentrations of 1.0fibre/mL in 1991 to promote further improvements of the work environment was found to be almost be technically achieved in Japan, and asbestos-related diseases can be expected to decrease over the next 20 to 30 years.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2001, Vol.39, No.2, p.127-131. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 02-816 Morinaga K., Kishimoto T., Sakatani M., Akira M., Yokoyama K., Sera Y.
Asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma in Japan
In Japan, crocidolite used to be used for asbestos cement pipes, and amosite was used for building boards; both types were used in spraying applications. The use of these two types of asbestos was discontinued in Japan in the late 1970s. A strong increase in asbestos imports was observed between 1960 (77,000 tons) and 1974 (352,316 tons). This rise in imports correlates well with the recent rapid increase in mortality from malignant pleural mesothelioma. Between 1995 and 1999, the estimated mean annual deaths from pleural mesothelioma was about 500. The annual number of compensated occupational respiratory cancers due to asbestos exposure has also been increasing. Up to the end of March 2000, 162 cases with malignant mesothelioma and 197 cases with lung cancer were compensated. The smoking rate among males in Japan is still over 50%, so lung cancer deaths caused by the interaction between smoking and asbestos exposure are likely to continue.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2001, Vol.39, No.2, p.65-74. Illus. 63 ref.

CIS 02-779 Nicholson W.J.
The carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos - A review
The world production of asbestos has been declining dramatically in recent years, particularly in Europe and the United States. However, increases have occurred in Asian nations and chrysotile is the dominant fibre used. Important uses are in cement products, wallboards, friction products and textiles. In a review of studies in the United States and Great Britain, chrysotile has been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer and to cause mesothelioma in exposed workers.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2001, Vol.39, No.2, p.57-64. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 02-650 Leigh J., Davidson P., Hendrie L., Berry D.
Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945 to 2000
Australia has maintained a total national malignant mesothelioma case register since 1980. There has been a marked increase in the incidence of mesothelioma in the last 20 years. Currently, 450 to 600 cases are notified annually in a population of 19 million. The crocidolite mine in Western Australia accounts for only 5% of the total Australian cases. This article describes the incidence of mesothelioma in Australia as a whole from 1945 to 2000. Australia's high incidence of mesothelioma is related to heavy asbestos use in the past, of all fibre types, in a wide variety of occupational and environmental settings. The total number of cases is expected to be about 18,000 by 2020, with about 11,000 yet to appear. These predictions are consistent on a population and asbestos use adjusted basis with those made for Europe, Scandinavia, the US and Japan.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2001, Vol.17, No.5, p.453-470. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 02-20 Decree No.2-98-975 of 28 Shawwal 1421 (23 Jan. 2001) concerning the protection of workers exposed to asbestos dust [Morocco]
Décret n°2-98-975 du 28 chaoual 1421 (23 janv. 2001) relatif à la protection des travailleurs exposés aux poussières d'amiante [Maroc] [in French]
Contents of this Decree (effective: 22 July 2001): definitions; prohibited use (amphiboles in all work involving asbestos products; use of asbestos in spraying operations); provision for the future establishment of an exposure limit for asbestos; obligation of employers to provide protection against asbestos where there is danger of exposure; provisions concerning work clothes where asbestos is present; role of laboratories engaged in monitoring asbestos exposure levels; medical supervision; the exposure register.
Bulletin Officiel du Royaume du Maroc, 1 Feb. 2001, 90th Year, No.4870, p.192-194.

CIS 02-346 Ollikainen T.
Oxidant and asbestos fiber induced toxicity in human lung cells
Malignant mesothelioma is generally asociated with a history of occupational exposure to asbestos fibres. However, although the exact mechanisms by which asbestos causes mesothelioma are not clearly understood, it is hypothesized that oxidants play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, cell and DNA damage, oxidant generation, apoptosis and roles of antioxidant enzymes and DNA repair enzyme were investigated in cell cultures after exposures to oxidants and fibres. It was found that H₂O₂ and menadione are potent inducers of cell and DNA damage. The depletion of glutathione enhanced fibre-induced DNA toxicity in vitro suggesting that oxidants have a role in fibre-induced carcinogenesis. Furthermore, it was shown that crocidolite fibres cause DNA damage indicating the major role of asbestos fibres in the transformation of normal into malignant cells.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2001. 71p. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 02-371 De Vuyst P., Dumortier P., Thimpont J., Gevenois P.A.
Respiratory diseases due to asbestos
Pathologies respiratoires de l'amiante [in French]
Diseases caused by asbestos concern not only occupational physicians, but also general practitioners and lung specialists. Indeed, risks are no longer confined to manufacturing sites but extend to thousands of individuals having worked with asbestos (often without being aware of the fact) or having lived in buildings insulated with this material. Improvements in working conditions have lead to a reduced incidence of severe lung fibrosis in favour of less-invalidating pleural lesions associated with lower cumulative, but more frequent exposures. Persons suffering from asbestos-related diseases rarely die from respiratory insufficiency, but from delayed neoplasic complications such as mesothelioma or bronchial cancer, occurring mostly after cessation of occupational activity. Progress in tomodensitometric imaging and in exposure assessment through the mineralogical analysis of lung tissue have resulted in improved approaches in the diagnosis of diseases linked to these fibres.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 2001, No.130, 11p. Illus. 148 ref.

CIS 01-1786
Health and Safety Executive
Managing asbestos in premises
This guidance note is aimed at owners or managers having responsibilities for premises which may contain asbestos to help them prevent risks to workers or others who may use the premises. Topics covered: why asbestos is dangerous; persons at risk; where asbestos is found in buildings; duty to manage asbestos risk; how to legally comply with the duty (finding out if asbestos is present; sampling; assessing the condition of the asbestos-containing material (ACM); repairing and removing); ACM disposal; information of workers; legislation; role of safety representatives.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2001. 19p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 01-968 Regulation No.3880 of 16 July 2001 on conditions under which it is permitted to remove materials containing asbestos during the renovation and demolition of buildings and during the maintenance of buildings, installations and equipment [Slovenia]
Pravilnik o pogojih, pod katerimi se lahko pri rekonstrukciji ali odstranitvi objektov in pri vzdrževalnih delih na objektih, instalacijah ali napravah odstranjujejo materiali, ki vsebujejo azbest [in Slovenian]
These regulations provide for the safety of workers during the removal of asbestos from buildings and related activities.
Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 14 Sep. 2001, Year XI, No.72, p.7484-7489.
http://objave.uradni-list.si/bazeul/URED/2001/072/B/523880268.htm [in Slovenian]

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