Inorganic sulfur compounds - 587 entries found

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1991

CIS 93-406 Zinc sulphate heptahydrate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin, nose and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-398 Sulphuric acid
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs; dental erosion.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-424 H₂S: sour gas, hydrogen sulfide - The killer
The hazards of working with hydrogen sulfide and measures for controlling these hazards are outlined in this training brochure. Topics covered: sources, properties, and effects of hydrogen sulfide; detection and protection; respiratory protection; special requirements; rescue and first aid; casualty management; employer and employee responsibilities.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 28p. Illus.

CIS 93-562 Balya D.R.
Ion chromatographic measurement of fluoride and sulfur dioxide in samples collected at aluminum smelters
The traditional analytical techniques for the measurement of airborne fluoride and sulfur dioxide in aluminium smelting plants have been: ion-selective electrodes (ISE) for fluoride, and barium/thorin titration for SO₂. In this study, ion chromatography (IC) was evaluated as a substitute for these two techniques. Dust for particulate fluoride was collected on membrane filters with carbonate-treated backup pads to collect HF and SO₂. Gaseous fluoride and SO₂ were ultrasonically extracted from the treated pad, but particulate fluoride required a borate/carbonate fusion. Collection efficiency and recovery of the analytes, along with the acceptable working ranges and instrument conditions used with IC, are discussed. IC is a desirable substitute for the electrode and titration methods because it is easily automated and the two determinations may be performed simultaneously. Comparison of the techniques for field samples indicates that IC is an adequate substitute for the traditional measurement methods for full-shift samples of fluoride.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1991, Vol.52, No.8, p.320-323. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 93-546 Chen L.C., Peoples S.M., Amdur M.O.
Pulmonary effects of sulfur oxides on the surface of copper oxide aerosol
A system was developed that generates copper oxide aerosol similar to the primary emissions from smelters. The surface of the ultrafine copper oxide aerosol is coated with a layer of sulfur oxides consisting of sulfate, S(VI), and sulfite, S(IV). Guinea pigs were exposed to this sulfur oxide layered copper oxide aerosol, and pulmonary mechanical functions were measured by using the Amdur-Mead method. The concentration of sulfur oxides on the aerosol was determined by using a flame photometric detector system. Although sulfuric acid was not found in this system, S(IV) at concentrations as low as 0.36µmol/m³ delivered as a surface layer caused prolonged changes in pulmonary mechanical functions.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1991, Vol.52, No.5, p.187-191. 13 ref.

CIS 93-66 Sulphamic acid
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1812 Manganese sulphate
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritant; bronchitis; pneumonia. Long term exposure effects: lung diseases; effects on the central nervous system, kidneys, liver and testes.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-905 Héry M., Hecht G., Gerber J.M., Dorotte M., Rebuffaut J., Boulet A., Limasset J.C.
Titanium dioxide manufacturing by the sulfuric acid process - Evaluation of exposure to chemical substances
Fabrication du dioxyde de titane par le procédé sulfurique - Evaluation des expositions chimiques [in French]
An assessment of exposure to chemical substances was performed in three French titanium dioxide manufacturing plants. The pollutants studied were sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide and soluble iron compounds. Exposure limit values were generally found to be respected, except that during vacuum filtrations operations sulfuric acid concentrations occasionally exceeded the permitted limits. The titanium dioxide manufacturing industry provides a good example of the possibilities of control of gaseous pollutants emission.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th Quarter 1991, No.145, Note No.1855-145-91, p.693-698. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 92-752 Hydrogen sulphide
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); exposure may result in unconsciousness and death.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-586 Cézard C., Haguenoer J.M.
Organic sulfates - Dimethyl sulfate, Diethyl sulfate, Diisopropyl sulfate
Sulfates organiques - Sulfate de diméthyle, sulfate de diéthyle, sulfate de diisopropyle [in French]
Contents of this data sheet on 3 organic sulfates, namely dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate: formula, preparation and physicochemical properties, uses, metabolism, acute and potential chronic toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and TWA exposure limits.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1991, 3p. Illus. 45 ref.

CIS 92-226 Zhang X.M., Niklasson B., Li S.Y.
Patch testing in cases of eczema and dermatitis in Beijing, China
Of 124 patients with eczema and dermatitis patch tested by the European standard series of allergens in the period from April to October 1989, 59 cases showed sensitivity to 1 or more allergens. Potassium dichromate, nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride were the 3 major sensitisers, with a frequency of 17.9%, 13.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The office and factory workers showed a higher incidence of positive reactions than the student group. The environment of the office and the factory seems to be the potential source of exacerbating factors of eczematous skin disease.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1991, Vol.25, No.4, p.224-229. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 91-1934 Tvedt B., Skyberg K., Aaserud O., Hobbesland A., Mathiesen T.
Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide - A follow-up study of six patients
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) poisoning involves a risk of hypoxic brain damage. Six patients who lost consciousness due to H₂S poisoning are described. The symptoms varied from anosmia in the patient with the shortest but highest exposure to delayed neurological deterioration in the patient with the longest exposure. The two patients with the most serious symptoms developed pulmonary oedema, which may have prolonged the hypoxia. The patients were reexaminated 5 years or more after the poisoning. The five patients who had been unconscious in H₂S atmosphere for from 5 to 15-20min showed persisting impairment at neurological and neuropsychological reexamination. Memory and motor function were most affected. One patient was seriously demented. Recent reports of large groups of H₂S-poisoned workers probably underestimate the risk of sequelae, due to the inclusion of cases with exposure of short duration and lack of follow-up.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1991, Vol.20, No.1, p.91-101. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 91-1435 Cadmium and inorganic compounds
Cadmium et composés minéraux [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of respiratory tract; emetic effects; renal damage; delayed effects; pulmonary oedema. Chronic toxicity: lung diseases (emphysema); bone diseases; lung and upper respiratory tract cancer.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30, rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1991. 6p. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 91-370 Ammonium sulfamate
Sulfamato de amonio [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA, and adaptation into Spanish of the corresponding data sheet from the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards" (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-104).
Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 1991, Vol.53, No.2, 4p. Insert.

1990

CIS 92-933 Jäppinen P., Vilkka V., Marttila O., Haahtela T.
Exposure to hydrogen sulphide and respiratory function
The cohort comprised 26 male pulp-mill workers with a daily exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the workplace, and 10 volunteers, who had asthma. The 10 asthmatic subjects were exposed in laboratory conditions to 2ppm of hydrogen sulfide for 30 minutes in an exposure chamber. Airway resistance (Raw) and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were assessed by a body plethysmograph, and the ventilatory capacities were measured with a flow volume spirometer. No significant changes in respiratory function or bronchial responsiveness related to exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the pulp mill workers were found. In the asthmatic subjects, Raw was increased by 26.3% and SGaw was decreased by 8.4% on average after exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These changes were not statistically significant. It is concluded that exposure for a relatively short time to hydrogen sulfide concentrations appreciably higher than those existing in ambient air do not cause noticeable effects on respiratory function.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1990, Vol.47, No.12, p.824-828. 17 ref.

CIS 92-964 Rosenberg N., Gervais P.
Persulfates and sulfites
Persulfates et sulfites [in French]
A general review of alkaline persulfates, used as oxidants, and sulfites, used as reducing agents. These substances are all irritants, and probably sensitisers, of the skin and respiratory tract. Contents: sources, physico-chemical properties, use, physiopathology, pathology, prevention and compensation in France.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Intoxications, Pathologie du travail, 1990. 2p. 13 ref.

CIS 91-1455 Sulphur dioxide
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; lung and eye injury. Long-term exposure effects: pulmonary diseases.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p. Illus.

CIS 91-1444 Nickel sulphate
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; digestive effects. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitisation; asthma; suspected human carcinogen.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p.

CIS 91-1212 Héry M., Diebold F., Hubert G., Oury V., Limasset J.C
Manufacture of phosphoric acid and phosphate and phosphate-containing fertilisers - Occupational exposure to fluorine compounds and inorganic acids
Fabrication de l'acide phosphorique et des engrais phosphatés et composés - Exposition aux composés fluorés et aux acides minéraux [in French]
Exposure to chemical contaminants in the atmosphere was evaluated on the premises of seven fertiliser manufacturers. The measurements concerned primarily hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Overall results showed short-term exposure levels that were often in excess of short-term limit values (VLE in France, TLV-C or TLV-STEL in the US), particularly in the case of hydrogen fluoride, while long-term exposure limits (VME in France and TLV-TWA in the US) were generally respected, except in the case of superphosphate manufacture, where half the samples showed levels in excess of limit values.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th Quarter 1990, No.141, Note No.1803-141-90, p.809-816. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 91-1210 Héry M., Hubert G., Villa M., Guillemin C., Limasset J.C.
Metallic chromates and cadmium sulfide - Evaluation of occupational exposure in three production plants of mineral dyes
Chromates métalliques et sulfure de cadmium - Evaluation de l'exposition professionnelle dans trois ateliers de fabrication de pigments minéraux [in French]
Exposure to chemical pollutants was evaluated in two chromate and one cadmium sulfide production plant. Results as a whole show that exposure limits, which have been established at very low levels for these suspected human carcinogens, are widely exceeded, even when personal protective equipment, such as dust respirators, is used. Workers performing milling and bagging activities are the most exposed, but work in the "wet" departments of these plants is also responsible for exposure levels exceeding established limits. Only a significant change in industrial processes (automation) will allow these products to be manufactured under better occupational hygiene operating conditions.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd Quarter 1990, No.140, Note No.1792-140-90, p.575-581. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 91-1290
Health and Safety Executive
Sulphuric acid used in agriculture
Contents of this guidance note: properties and hazards of sulfuric acid; relevant legislation (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Food and Environment Protection Act 1985); training and supervision of workers; control of exposure and use of protective clothing; first aid; machinery; equipment and premises; treatment of spillages; storage; conveyance of sulfuric acid with reference to the 'Road Tankers' Regulations and the 'Packaged Goods' Regulations; use of sulfuric acid and exposure standards (1mg/m³, 8h TWA).
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 7p.

CIS 91-880 VIIIth International Symposium on occupational health in the production of organic artificial fibres, France - 2nd day: H₂S, CS₂, viscose
VIIIe Symposium international sur la santé au travail dans la production de fibres artificielles organiques - 2e journée: H₂S, CS₂, viscose [France] [in French]
Proceedings of meetings held on Day II of the VIIIth Symposium on occupational health in the production of man-made organic fibres and pertaining to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon disulfide (CS₂) and viscose. Topics: toxicity mechanisms of H₂S; analysis of ophthalmological data on workers exposed to CS₂ and H₂S in a Belgian cellulose fibre factory - preliminary results; assessment with the help of a questionnaire of neuropsychiatric symptoms among workers exposed to CS₂; glutathione level in blood of workers exposed to CS₂; occupational exposure to CS₂ and vestibular disorders - clinical findings; evaluation of passive dosimeters used for CS₂ sampling; occupational exposure to CS₂ and H₂S in a vegetable sponge factory - assessment after technological change.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd Quarter 1990, No.139, p.451-483. Bibl.ref.

CIS 91-887 Accorsi A., Huré P.
Portable hydrogen sulfide detectors - Testing of eight devices
Détecteurs portatifs d'hydrogène sulfuré - Huit appareils au banc d'essai [in French]
Eight portable personal hydrogen sulfide detectors were tested. Seven worked on the principle of the electrochemical cell and the eighth used a semiconductor sensor. Various characteristics were tested including: response time, effects of gas humidity, alarm trigger level, drift at 50ppm, active time. These measurements were followed by a long trial run to determine how reliably the device would operate under normal conditions. This method completes the evaluation of devices operating under extreme conditions.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1990, No.138, Note No.1763-138-89, p.31-39. Illus.

CIS 91-401 Sulfurous anhydride
Anhídrido sulfuroso [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA, and adaptation into Spanish of the corresponding data sheet from the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards" (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-104).
Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1990, Vol.52, No.10, 4p. Insert.

CIS 91-464 Seidenari S., Danese P., Nardo D., Hanzini B.M., Motolese A.
Contact sensitization among ceramics workers
139 workers from 3 ceramics factories underwent a dermatological and allergological examination, using standard and occupational patch test series, in order to evaluate the prevalence of dermatitis and contact sensitisation, to identify the most important sensitising substances in the ceramics industry, and to correlate the results with possible risk factors such as atopy. Hand dermatitis had affected 37% of the subjects examined. 27% of the workers were sensitised to 1 or more allergens. Of 52 subjects with dermatitis, 37% had allergic contact dermatitis and 63% irritant contact dermatitis. 18 subjects were found to be sensitised without showing any previous or present clinical symptoms. Atopy tended towards correlation with the overall incidence of dermatitis, though not with the prevalence of sensitisation.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1990, Vol.22, No.1, p.45-49. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 91-68 Sulfuric acid
Acide sulfurique [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Short term exposure effects: extremely corrosive; severe chemical burns; pulmonary oedema. Long term exposure effects: irritation of respiratory tract, eyes and skin; tooth erosion and discoloration.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, Oct. 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 91-52 Hydrogen sulfide
Sulfure d'hydrogène [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Short term exposure effects: at concentrations between 50 and 150ppm, irritation of respiratory tract and eyes, pneumonia; at concentrations above 150ppm, sense of smell is paralysed, severe eye damage can occur; above 500ppm, no detectable warning odour, unconsciousness and death can occur within minutes. Long term exposure effects: not well known.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, Oct. 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1466 Gypsum
Gypse [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: nuisance, non toxic dust.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1451 Carbon disulphide
International chemical safety card. Danger symbols: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (delayed symptoms); neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: psychosis; polyneuropathy; arteriosclerosis; antifertility effects; teratogenic efects; dermatitis. EC identification number and labelling codes: 006-003-00-3; F, T; R12-26; S27-29-33-43-45. United Nations number and hazard class: UN 1131 (3; 6.1; I).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p. Illus.

CIS 90-1227 Jäppinen P., Tola S.
Cardiovascular mortality among pulp mill workers
A mortality study, concentrating on cardiovascular mortality, was undertaken among Finnish sulfite mill workers exposed to sulfur dioxide and sulfate mill workers exposed to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides. They had been employed continuously for at least one year between 1945 and 1961. National death rates were used for comparison and mortality was followed up until 31 December 1981. Among the cohort exposed to sulfur dioxide (2268 person-years), an excess of cardiovascular deaths was noticed among the men (24 obs, 19.4 exp, SMR 123) due to an excess of coronary deaths (18 obs, 12.4 exp, SMR 145). The cardiovascular mortality was not affected by the duration of occupational exposure or follow up period in this cohort. Among the men exposed to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides (4179 person-years), there was also an excess of cardiovascular deaths (37 obs, 24.7 exp, SMR 150) due to an excess of coronary deaths (25 obs, 16.7 exp, SMR 150). These excesses increased with longer follow up period. As common risk factors of coronary heart disease could not explain the findings in the sulfate mill cohort, they may be associated with exposure to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1990, Vol.47, No.4, p.259-262. 14 ref.

CIS 90-974 Code of Practice for the prevention of sulphur fires and explosions
Contents of this Code of Practice: interpretation and definitions; dust explosions; hazard rating of sulfur; dust explosion prevention and protection; specific hazards of the handling of sulfur; liquid sulfur; fertilisers containing sulfur; personal protective equipment and training. In appendices: properties of sulfur; hazards of sulfur dioxide; model hot work permit for New Zealand.
Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1990. 19p. 15 ref.

1989

CIS 91-1996 Raymond D.P., Clough P.N.
Safety and Reliability Directorate
The interaction of sulphur dioxide with water vapour
This report describes the chemical interactions involved when a liquid jet of sulfur dioxide comes into contact with water vapour. These situations are modelled in the computer code TRAUMA (see CIS 90-2028).
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Wigshaw Lane, Culcheth, Warrington WA3 4NE, United Kingdom, 1989. 18p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 4.00.

CIS 91-1097
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Barium sulfide
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-1090. Exposure limit: 0.5mg/m³. Harmful if inhaled or ingested. The dust irritates the skin, the eyes and the mucous membranes. High concentrations can cause muscular cramps and increased pulse rate. Long-term exposure can cause eczema. Mandatory European labelling: Xn, R20, R22, R31, S28.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-759
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Carbon disulfide
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 87-798. Carbon disulfide is very toxic when inhaled (TLV = 30mg/m³) and is absorbed through the skin (LD = 300mg/kg). Narcotic and neurological effects. Highly flammable. Mandatory European labelling: F, T, R12, R26, R38, S27, S29, S33, S43, S45, S23, S38, S46.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 3p.

CIS 91-932 Westberg H., Linder B.
Validation of diffusive samplers for carbon disulfide
Utvärdering av diffusionsprovtagare för koldisulfid [in Swedish]
Validation covering SKC 503-04 and 503-02, 3M 3500 and Pro-Tek G-AA diffusive samplers. The desorption efficiencies, the sampling rates for different sampling times and concentrations, storage stability and capacity of the samplers were studied in laboratory tests. Both area and personal parallel sampling were performed in field tests. There was good correlation between theoretical and measured sampling rates for 3M and SKC for both the laboratory and the field tests. For Pro-Tek the correlation is good in the parallel field tests but poor in the laboratory and sampling chamber tests. This suggests that high and turbulent air velocities affect the sampling rates of the Pro-Tek sampler. The sampler can be stored for 14 days in a refrigerator.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 25p. 28 ref.

CIS 90-1912 Sandström T.
Pulmonary effects of air pollutants - Bronchoalveolar lavage studies on the effects of NO₂ and SO₂ exposure in healthy humans
Study of the intrapulmonary effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) using a new approach: the combination of environmental chamber exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL was first performed in the healthy subjects without preceding exposure as a reference. They were then exposed to SO₂ or NO₂ and reexamined with BAL. The NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations were based on conditions in industrial indoor environments and covered a range around the peak exposure and the short-term exposure limits. The subjects only experienced very mild symptoms and lung function was clinically unaffected, as measured by dynamic spirometry, and in separate studies by the nitrogen washout method and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms inflammatory changes were found in the lung, as reflected in BAL fluid. Thus, the combination of environmental chamber exposure and BAL is useful in investigations of pulmonary effects of air pollutants in man.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 58p. 177 ref.

CIS 90-1319 Nair R.R.
Hazards of carbon disulphide
This booklet is published as a guide for the use of professionals, workers and others engaged in occupational safety and health problems. Contents: identification, physical data, reactivity data, fire and explosion data, production methods and uses, health hazards, fire and explosion hazards, major accident hazards, first aid and treatment, preventive measures, storage and handling, spills and waste disposal, transportation, Indian regulations, methods of estimation.
Safety and Health Information Bureau, P.O. Box 28, C 2-9-3:2, Sector 16, Vashi, New Bombay 400 705, India, 1989. 28p. 30 ref.

CIS 90-856 Avnstorp C.
Follow-up of workers from the prefabricated concrete industry after the addition of ferrous sulphate to Danish cement
Ferrous sulfate has been added to cement manufactured in Denmark, reducing the water soluble chromate content to not more than 2ppm, since September 1981. A comparison is made between the medical and employment status of a cohort of workers engaged in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete bulding components in 1981 and in 1987. Workers who had allergic cement eczema in 1981 appeared to show no improvement 6yrs after the reduction of chromate in the cement. Improvement was seen, however, in the eczema of those workers with irritant cement eczema. The 1987 study showed that topical steroid treatment was required by more chromate-sensitised workers than by workers not sensitised to chromate. This difference was statistically significant. The worse medical prognosis of the chromate-sensitised workers could in part be due to the fact that some of these had secondary contact sensitivity to cobalt and rubber chemicals.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1989, Vol.20, No.5, p.365-371. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 90-891 Campanyà M., Sanz P., Reig R., Nogué S., Obiols J., Freixa A., Corbella J.
Fatal hydrogen sulfide poisoning
Two cases of fatal hydrogen sulfide poisoning are described. They occurred during the clearing of a tank previously used for the transport of polysulfides. The findings of the autopsies are given. Recommendations are outlined for the prevention of such accidents.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1989, Vol.80, No.3, p.251-253. 11 ref.

CIS 90-532 Osterman J.W., Greaves I.A., Smith T.J., Hammond S.K., Robins J.M., Thériault G.
Respiratory symptoms associated with low sulphur dioxide exposure in silicon carbide production workers
Relations between pulmonary symptoms and exposure to respirable dust and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were evaluated for 145 silicon carbide (SiC) production workers with an average of 13.9 (range 3-41) years of experience in this industry. Eight-hour time-weighted average exposures to SO₂ were 1.5ppm or less with momentary peaks up to 4ppm. Cumulative SO₂ exposure averaged 1.94ppm-years. Low level respirable dust exposures also occurred. Highly significant, dose dependent relations were found between cumulative and average exposure to SO₂ and symptoms of usual and chronic phlegm, usual and chronic wheeze, and mild exertional dyspnoea. Mild and moderate dyspnoea were also associated with most recent exposure to SO₂. Cough was not associated with SO₂. No pulmonary symptoms were associated with exposure to respirable dust nor were any symptoms attributable to an interaction between dust and SO₂. Cigarette smoking was strongly associated with cough, phlegm, and wheezing, but not dyspnoea. A greater than additive (synergistic) effect between smoking and exposure to SO₂ was present for most symptoms. These findings suggest that current threshold limits for SO₂ may not adequately protect workers in this industry.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1989, Vol.46, No.9, p.629-635. 36 ref.

CIS 90-414 Carbon disulfide
Disulfure de carbone [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: skin absorption; irritant; neurotoxic effects; genotoxic effects.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1989. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-256
Ministry of Labour, Government of India
Retrospective investigation of fatal hydrogen sulfide poisoning inside the waste sump of ordnance equipment factory, Phoolbagh, Kanpur
Description of an accident that occurred in the tanning department of an ordnance factory causing five deaths. The investigation reveals that practical safety measures had not been taken. The report lists all statutory violations which had led to the accident, such as absence of monitoring of toxic gases at the workplace, absence of an on-site emergency plan, etc. Recommendations are made for the specific measures which should have been taken and which should be applied in the future.
Regional Labour Institute, Sarvodaya nagar, Kanpur, India, 1989. 22p.

CIS 90-45 Mercury and mineral compounds
Mercure et composés minéraux [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limits (France, 1987) = 0.1mg/m³ (mineral compounds); 0.05mg/m³ (mercury vapour). Toxicity: skin absorption; respiratory tract irritation; renal damage; encephalopathy; contrary to mercury metal, mercury salts are very toxic when ingested; mercurialentis. EC identification numbers and mandatory labelling codes for elemental mercury: Nos. 080-001-00-0; T; R23, R33, S7, S44.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1989. 6p. 36 ref.

CIS 89-1526 Sandström T., Stjernberg N., Andersson M.C., Kolmodin-Hedman B., Lindström K., Rosenhall L.
Cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after sulfur dioxide exposure
Environmental chamber exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were used to study the dose-response relationship between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and inflammatory reactions in the human lung as reflected in BAL fluid. Healthy subjects were exposed to 10, 13, 20, or 30mg/m³ for 20min. BAL was performed several weeks preexposure and 24h postexposure. Mast cells, lymphocytes, lysozyme positive macrophages, and the total number of macrophages were significantly increased after SO₂ exposure. A dose-dependent increase in the cell response in BAL fluid was observed after exposure to 10-20mg/m³, but no further increase was detected after 30mg/m³. Inflammatory cell response was found in BAL fluid at SO₂ levels that occur in industrial indoor environments worldwide, and cell response to SO₂ was also seen below the short-term exposure limit of Sweden and many other countries (13mg/m³).
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1989, Vol.15, No.2, p.142-146. 23 ref.

CIS 89-1265 Sandström T., Stjernberg N., Andersson M.C., Kolmodin-Hedman B., Lundgren R., Ångström T.
Is the short term limit value for sulphur dioxide exposure safe? Effects of controlled chamber exposure investigated with bronchoalveolar lavage
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) which has not previously been used in investigating the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) on the human lung was performed on 12 subjects before and after controlled chamber exposure with SO₂ for 20min. BAL fluid 24h after exposure with 10mg SO₂/m³ (4ppm, 10 subjects) showed increased alveolar macrophage activity as judged by an increase in lysozyme positive macrophages. Twenty-four hours after 20mg/m³ (4 subjects) a further increase was seen, which was accompanied by an increase in total numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes. Seventy-two hours after exposure (4 subjects) cell numbers had virtually returned to pre-exposure levels. These previously uninvestigated reactions indicate potentially noxious effects of SO₂ in the lungs at exposure levels that are regarded as relatively safe.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1989, Vol.46, No.3, p.200-203. 17 ref.

1988

CIS 91-171 Pavlova S.D., Čarykčiev D.D., Trendafilova R.B., Kristeva Sv.S., Karadžova N.V.
Changes of biochemical indices caused by carbon disulfide exposure
Izmenenie biohimičeskih pokazatelej pri vozdejstvii serougleroda [in Russian]
297 men engaged in man-made fibre manufacturing (245 of them being exposed to CS₂ in concentrations ≥ 10mg/m³ and 52 controls without any exposure to toxic substances) were examined. The exposed workers were divided into 2 groups according to their occupational risk. Certain toxicochemical and biochemical indices were used to determine occupational risk criteria and to study the body's biochemical response to long-term carbon disulfide exposure. Exposure to CS₂ and its metabolism were evaluated by the iodine-azide exposure test and the thiurea content of the urine. Carbon disulfide effects on fat metabolism, blood and urine levels of some trace elements, blood gases and oxidation-reduction processes were studied. Almost all the indices were significantly higher in the exposed workers than in the controls. Positive iodine-azide reactions are objective evidence of CS₂ effects on the human body. Indices of physiological response to CS₂ exposure were identified.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1988, No.9, p.12-15. 14 ref.

CIS 90-1983 Le Stradic-Reygagne A.
Sulfite reducing agents, a new cause of occupational asthma
Les sulfites agents réducteurs, une nouvelle cause d'asthme professionnel [in French]
Prompted by the observation of 2 cases of occupational asthma in laundry workers exposed to sodium metabisulfite, this thesis in occupational medicine is intended to draw attention to the hazards of exposure to sulfites, which have so far been insufficiently appreciated. It analyses reports of sensitivity to sulfites that have appeared in the literature since 1976, reviews the physics, chemistry and metabolism of sulfites, their pathological effects, symptoms and diagnosis of those effects. There appears to be little relevant French regulation.
Université René Descartes, Faculté de médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75 Paris, France, 1988. 155p. 117 ref.

CIS 90-1280 Zhou S.Y., Ziang Y.X., Chen Z.Q., Wang Y.Z.
Effects of occupational exposure to low-level carbon disulfide (CS₂) on menstruation and pregnancy
In a retrospective cohort study, 265 female workers exposed to CS₂ and 291 non-exposed female workers, as well as 530 pregnancies, were investigated with regard to the status of menstruation and the term and outcome of pregnancy. The average CS₂ concentration to which the workers had been exposed for the 15 years prior to the study was 1.7-14.8mg/m³. Exposed female workers had a higher incidence rate of menstrual disturbance than non-exposed women (35.9% vs. 18.2%, relative risk = 2.0, p<0.01), and there was an exposure-response relationship between the CS₂ level and the incidence rate of menstrual disturbance. There was no significant difference between the exposed and non-exposed groups in terms of rates of toxaemia, emesis gravidarum, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, premature and overdue delivery, or congenital malformation. Thus, exposure to CS₂ at around 10mg/m³ may affect the function of the female reproductive system.
Industrial Health, Apr. 1988, Vol.26, No.4, p.203-204. 14 ref.

CIS 90-918 Thériault G.P., Tremblay C.G., Armstrong B.G.
Risk of ischemic heart disease among primary aluminium production workers
The risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in relation to working conditions encountered in a primary aluminium smelter employing over 6,000 men. During the period 1975-1983, 306 new cases of IHD were identified which were matched with 575 referents. Results showed that white collar workers had a significantly lower risk of IHD (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.70). Among blue collar workers, a significantly higher risk was observed for workers in the reduction division of the plant (OR = 1.72, CI = 1.09-2.97) including, in particular, Soderberg (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.07-2.72) and prebake (OR = 2.26, CI = 1.27-4.02) potroom workers. The risk of IHD did not increase with the length of time worked in these occupations. The search for associations (among blue collar workers) of risk with 9 specific contaminants (benzene soluble material, fluoride, total dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, thermal stress, noise, physical load, and mental load) proved inconclusive, with no association reaching statistical significance.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988, Vol.13, No.6, p.659-666. 11 ref.

CIS 90-892 Sunderman F.W., Dingle B., Hopfer S.M., Swift T.
Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidentally ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride
Thirty-two workers in an electroplating plant accidentally drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate and chloride (1.63g Ni/L). 20 workers promptly developed vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, giddiness, and shortness of breath that lasted a few hours but persisted 1-2 days in 7 cases. In 15 exposed workers tested on day 1 post-exposure, serum Ni concentrations ranged from 13 to 1,340µg/L. 10 subjects were hospitalised and treated with intravenous fluids resulting in a mean elimination half-time (T 1/2) for serum Ni of 27h (SD ± 7h), which was significantly shorter (p<0.001) than the mean T 1/2 of 60h (SD ± 11h) in 11 subjects who did not receive intravenous fluids. All subjects recovered rapidly, without evident sequellae, and returned to work by the 8th day after exposure.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988, Vol.14, No.3, p.257-266. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 90-581 Lodge J.P.
Methods of air sampling and analysis
Chapters of this manual cover: general techniques; carbon compounds; halogens and halogen compounds; metals, inorganic nitrogen compounds and oxidants; particulate matter; radioactivity; sulfur compounds; methods for workplace air and for biological samples; reviews of areas in which methods have not yet been standardised. Tables of conversion factors are included. The 133 methods presented have been standardised and adopted by 7 US professional societies. They include statements of applicable concentration ranges, interferences, precision and accuracy.
Lewis Publishers, Inc., 121 South Main Street, P.O. Drawer 519, Chelsea, MI 48118, USA, 3d ed., 1989. 763p. Illus. 1369 ref. Price: USD 80.00 (USD 64.00 for members of certain professional societies).

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