Ketones - 295 entries found

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1978

CIS 79-450 Johnson B.L., Setzer J.V., Lewis T.R., Hornung R.W.
An electrodiagnostic study of the neurotoxicity of methyl n-amyl ketone.
Rats and monkeys were exposed to heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) for 6h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months. Mean exposure levels were 0, 131 and 1,025ppm. Motor nerve conduction velocities, muscle action potentials, electroencephalogram, and visually evoked potentials were recorded. No neurotoxic impairment at either exposure level occurred and bodyweight was not affected. Gross and histopathological examination showed no abnormalities.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1978, Vol.39, No.11, p.866-872. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 79-431 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to ketones.
Recommendations are made for the protection of health from exposure to 12 aliphatic and cycloalipatic ketones. The maximum time-weighted average concentrations for a 10h day, 40h workweek are in mg/m³ (ppm): acetone 590 (250); methyl ethyl ketone 590 (200); methyl n-propyl ketone 530 (150); methyl n-butyl ketone 4 (1): methyl n-amyl ketone 465 (100); methyl isobutyl ketone 200 (50); methyl isoamyl ketone 230 (50); diisobutyl ketone 140 (25); cyclohexanone 100 (25); mesityl oxide 40 (10); diacetone alcohol 240 (50); isophrone 23 (4). Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of personnel, work and sanitation practices, monitoring and recordkeeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads; biological effects of exposure; environmental data; development of standard. Research needs are defined and procedures for sampling and analysis and useful additional information are given in appendices.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-173, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, June 1978. 244p. 186 ref.

CIS 79-181 Brugnone F., Perbellini L., Grigolini L., Apostoli P.
Solvent exposure in a shoe upper factory - I. n-Hexane and acetone concentration in alveolar and environmental air and in blood.
In studies in 20 workers (18 women, 2 men) the ratio between the alveolar and environmental concentration was steady for both hexane and acetone during exposure, irrespective of alveolar ventilation and environmental concentration. In the case of acetone, the ratio increased with exposure time. The lung uptake/min of both gases was related to the environmental concentration. It is suggested that occupational exposure can be determined from the alveolar air concentration in the case of hexane, and taking the time of exposure into account in the case of acetone.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 15 Sep. 1978, Vol.42, No.1, p.51-62. 11 ref.

CIS 78-1933 Michaux P.
Ketones
Cétones. [in French]
Information on aliphatic, aromatic and terpenic ketones: chemical and physical properties; occupational aetiology (preparation and use as solvents for organic materials and intermediates); physiopathology; pathological anatomy; clinical study of disorders directly due to ketones and their derivatives (dihydroxyacetone, chloroacetophenone, acetone cyanohydrin); diagnosis of poisoning, prevention, and French compensation system.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Intoxications, Fascicule 16048 A60, 1-1978. 18 rue Séguier, 75006 Paris, France. 4p. 19 ref.

CIS 78-1338 Couri D., Abdel-Rahman M.S., Hetland L.B.
Biotransformation of n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone in guinea pigs and mice.
In in vivo studies in guinea pigs, 2-hexanol was identified as metabolite of both methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) and n-hexane, and 2,5-hexanedione as metabolite of MBK. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased urinary 2-hexanol excretion in both groups. Sleep-time was significantly reduced in mice exposed to MBK and methyl ethyl ketone in combination. This suggests that exposure to the combination of solvent vapours alters liver biotransformation activity. In vitro studies are also reported. Hepatic reduction of MBK required the cytosol fraction to form 2-hexanol. Oxidation of MBK and n-hexane required the microsomal fraction to form 2,5-hexanedione and 2-hexanol, respectively. Biotransformation of the 2 solvents to the common metabolite 2-hexanol suggests that their neurotoxic action may be metabolite-related.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1978, Vol.39, No.4, p.295-300. 14 ref.

CIS 78-1305 Abdel-Rahman M.S., Saladin J.J., Bohman C.E., Couri D.
The effect of 2-hexanone and 2-hexanone metabolites on pupillomotor activity and growth.
2-Hexanone (methyl n-butyl ketone) and its metabolites, 2,5-hexanedione and 2-hexanol, reduced the pupillary response in guinea-pigs after prolonged oral administration. The mechanism of the effect is discussed. It is suggested that this reaction can be used as an index of solvent exposure in workers.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1978, Vol.39, No.2, p.94-99. 10 ref.

1977

CIS 79-148 Domański W.
Determination of cyclohexanone in air by the furfural method
Oznaczanie cykloheksanonu w powietrzu metodą z furfurolem [in Polish]
The method is based on condensation of cyclohexanone with furfural in an alkaline medium and acidification of the reaction mixture by sulfuric acid, yielding a violet-red colour. Maximum absorption of the compound obtained was at 550nm. The effect of reaction time and potassium hydroxide and urotropin concentrations on absorption of the solution is examined.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1977, Vol.27, No.93, p.181-189. 8 ref.

CIS 78-1617 Hadžieva J.
Activity of some enzyme indicators in persons occupationally exposed to phenol and acetone
Prosledjavane aktivnostta na njakoi enzimni pokazateli u lica v profesionalen kontakt s fenol i aceton [in Bulgarian]
The activity of the liver-specific enzymes ornithine carbamoyl transferase, guanase and leucine aminopeptidase was studied in the blood serum of these workers. The mean concentrations of phenol and acetone were several times the exposure limit. There was a statistically significant increase in ornithine carbamoyl transferase and guanase activity. The problem of hyperenzymaemia is discussed.
Letopisi na higienno-epidemiologičnata služba, 1977, Vol.10, No.6, p.45-48. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1602 Volodčenko V.A.
Results and perspectives of studies of the toxicology of anthraquinone derivatives
Itogi i perspektivy izučenija toksikologičeskih osobennostej proizvodnyh antrahinona [in Russian]
Report on animal experiments to determine the acute and subacute toxicity of 24 anthraquinone derivatives in the dye industry. All these compounds had low toxicity and presented no risk of acute poisoning. All were however much more active biologically than anthraquinone itself, especially compounds containing amino, hydroxy and methoxy groups in various combinations and positions. Most can cause subacute poisoning. An exposure limit of the order of 1mg/m³ is recommended for aminoanthraquinones, diaminoanthraquinones and hydroxyaminoanthraquinones, and of 5mg/m³ for benzoyl and acetamino derivatives.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1977, No.12, p.27-30. 13 ref.

CIS 78-1601 Kemka R.
Determination of methylethylketone and acetone in air by gas chromatography
Stanovenie metyletylketónu a acetónu v ovzduší plynovou chromatografiou [in Slovak]
Description of a procedure permitting separate determination of acetone or of the 2 substances together. The air samples are obtained in frit bubblers (5ml water). The calibration curve is reproduced together with graphs showing the relation between methylethylketone absorption and duration of sampling, temperature, etc.
Bezpečná práca, 1977, Vol.8, No.4, p.156-157. Illus.

CIS 78-457 Johnson B.L., Setzer J.V., Lewis T.R., Anger W.K.
Effects of methyl n-butyl ketone on behavior and the nervous system.
Monkeys and rats were exposed to mean concentrations of 100 and 1,000ppm methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) for up to 10 months. The 1,000ppm exposure reduced motor conduction velocities in ulnar and sciatic-tibial nerves, decreased the amplitude of evoked muscle action potentials, lengthened implicit time of visual evoked potentials, impaired operant behavioural performance, and reduced bodyweight. Nerve conduction velocities and evoked muscle action potentials were reduced at 100ppm. Recovery took 6 and 2 months after cessation of exposure for the 2 doses respectively.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1977, Vol.38, No.11, p.567-579. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 78-174 Rudzki E.
Sensitivity to 2-chlorocyclohexanone and its derivatives.
Case histories of 3 workers who developed dermatitis when working with 2-chlorocyclohexanone (CCH). They showed positive patch tests to CCH and some of its derivatives.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1977, Vol.3, No.4, p.195-197. 1 ref.

CIS 77-1934 Couri D., Hetland L.B., Abdel-Rahman M.S., Weiss H.
The influence of inhaled ketone solvent vapors on hepatic microsomal biotransformation activities.
The effects were studied of methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) separately and together on oxidative and reductive enzymes in rats. Concentrations were: MBK 225ppm, MEK 750ppm, MBK 225/MEK 750ppm. Hexobarbital sleep times were significantly reduced following exposure to MBK/MEK or MEK, but MBK alone did not alter sleep time measurements. Aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine demethylase, Neoprontosil reductase, and p-nitrobenzoate reductase activities were significantly enhanced 2- to 3-fold over control values. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure of workers to MBK/MEK or MEK vapours may have important pharmacological and toxicological implications resulting from the stimulatory effects of such solvents on the metabolism of many foreign chemicals including drugs.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Aug. 1977, Vol.41, No.2, p.285-289. 11 ref.

CIS 77-1915 Acetone.
Synonyms; properties; industrial uses; hazards (paths of entry; local and systemic efects; acute and chronic poisoning; confined spaces; fire; explosion); occupational exposure levels; TLVs; preventive measures (pre-employment and periodic medical examinations; monitoring and air sampling; biological sampling; fire fighting; instructions to personnel; personal protective equipment; ventilation; disposal); transportation; storage; training and supervision; first aid. Glossary.
Data sheet - Occupational Safety and Health No.F-1, Canada Safety Council, 1765 St. Laurent Boulevard, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3V4, Canada, 1977. 11p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 77-1064 Acetone.
Information is given on the properties; uses; shipping; storage and handling; hazard (inhalation, skin contact, fire); threshold limit value (1,000ppm for continuous 8h daily exposure); sampling; ventilation; personal protection; first aid; and waste disposal.
Data Sheet 398, Revision A (Extensive), National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1977. 3p. 13 ref.

1976

CIS 78-130 Singh G.B., Khanna S.K.
Effect of benzanthrone on testis and male accessory sex glands.
The histological studies showed patchy degeneration of seminiferous tubules but normal Leydig cells. Dorsal and lateral prostates showed typical alveoli with normal secretory activity. The biochemical studies showed no change in the weight of any of the glands. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities of seminal vesicles and ventral prostate, fructose content in the coagulating gland, and cholesterol in the testis remained unchanged. Testicular hyaluronidase was significantly decreased. It appeared that benzanthrone exposure leads to damage of the gametogenic function; the androgenic status is unaffected.
Environmental Research, Dec. 1976, Vol.12, No.3, p.327-333. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 77-1977 Lyčagin V.V., Adamovič G.G., Mihajlova T.N., Kozlova Ju.G., Kinžibalova Ž.V., Filippov O.V.
Immunological reactivity in workers in insulation and enamelling workshops of a cable factory
Ocenka immunologičeskoj reaktivnosti u rabotnikov stekloizulirovočnogo i ėmalirovočnogo otdelenij kabel'nogo zavoda [in Russian]
Studies on the influence of airborne acrolein, chlorobenzene, phenol, acetone and glass fibre dust in the workplace on natural immunity indices in the exposed workers. Workers engaged in cable insulation employing glass fibres presented immunological changes (reduction of bactericidal power of the skin and phagocytic activity of leukocytes). There was a relation between length of service and effect. Workers applying the insulating material suffered more commonly from skin disorders and chronic respiratory disease than enamellers. This morbidity is attributed to the effect of glass fibre dust and acetone.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Nov. 1976, No.11, p.24-26. 4 ref.

CIS 77-1967 Holzegel K.
Contact-allergy eczemas due to dichloropropiophenone
Kontaktallergische Ekzeme durch Dichlorpropiophenon [in German]
2 typical case studies of contact eczema due to p,β-dichloropropiophenone (DCP), out of 9 cases which occurred in the chemical industry. Areas particularly affected were the face, neck, hands and forearms. Positive reactions to patch tests were observed at DCP concentrations of >0.01%, whereas nonexposed controls reacted (with uncomplicated irritation erythema) only at a much higher concentration (0.5%).
Berufs-Dermatosen, Dec. 1976, Vol.24, No.6, p.152-155. Illus.

CIS 77-712 Lambreva E.
Sampling on solid adsorbent of acetone vapour in workplace air
Probovzemane na acetonovi pari ot văzduha na rabotnata sreda vărhu tvărd adsorbent [in Bulgarian]
Description of a method for sampling acetone vapour in a silica gel tube. The method is efficient (retention of 98-100% of vapour), precise, rapid (6min) and easy to operate with aspiration equipment available in any test laboratory. Depending on the volume of air sampled and the quantity of adsorbent, any of the following 3 methods may be chosen: nephelometry, spectrophotometry or gas chromatography. The silica gel may be used again after regeneration.
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, 1976, Vol.19, No.3, p.286-290. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 77-474 Spencer P.S., Schaumburg H.H.
Feline nervous system response to chronic intoxication with commercial grades of methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone.
Results of a study prompted by an outbreak of peripheral neuropathy among textile workers applying colouring inks dissolved in volatile ketone solvents to the surface of plastic-coated fabrics. Methyl n-butyl ketone had neurotoxic effects (symmetrical distal weakness of the limbs) in cats. Histological examination revealed lesions of the axons annd myelin sheaths, which are described. Methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone alone or in combination caused no nerve damage.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Aug. 1976, Vol.37, No.2, p.301-311. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 77-424 Pandya K.P., Singh G.B., Dhasmana A.
Urinary excretion of benzanthrone.
Intraperitoneally administered benzanthrone was identified from the urine of experimental rabbits by thin-layer chromatography, and was estimated in urine by the development of a red colour at 377 and 335nm in ether extracts after addition of alcohol and sulfuric acid. All benzanthrone-injected animals had mild vascular congestion in the lamina propria and submucosa of the urinary bladder.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Oct. 1976, Vol.38, No.1, p.217-219. 5 ref.

CIS 77-142 Morel C., Cavigneaux A., Protois J.C.
Fiche toxicologique No.122, French National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14.
Methyl butyl ketone
Méthylbutylcétone. [in French]
Uses, physical and chemical properties, storage, methods of detection and determination in air, fire hazards, pathology and toxicology. French occupational safety and health regulations in force, protection of the environment, and transport. Technical and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1976, No.84, Note No.1029-84-76, p.459-462. 13 ref.

CIS 76-1642 Abdel-Rahman M.S., Hetland L.B., Couri D.
Toxicity and metabolism of methyl n-butyl ketone.
Investigations were carried out to study the metabolism of 2-hexanone (methyl n-butyl ketone, MBK) and the mechanism by which it may produce nervous system degeneration. Rats and guinea pigs were exposed to various concentrations of hexanone, both alone and in combination with 2-butanone; the results point to a definite synergistic effect. The metabolites identified in the blood and urine were 2-hexanol and 2,5-hexanedione. Phenobarbital pretreatment was found to have a protective effect against the neurotoxic action of 2-hexanone.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1976, Vol.37, No.2, p.95-102. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 76-1637 Lupulescu A.P., Birmingham D.J.
Effect of protective agent against lipid-solvent-induced damages - Ultrastructural and scanning electron microscopical study of human epidermis.
Following the application of acetone and kerosene on both unprotected and protected human skin, the ultrastructural and relief changes produced in the epidermis were investigated by scanning electron micoscopy. Most cellular damage was found to occur in the upper layers of the epidermis. The application of a protective gel before solvent exposure resulted in a substantial reduction of cell disorganisation, presumably by blocking the absorption and migration of the solvent through the skin.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan.-Feb. 1976, Vol.31, No.1, p.33-36. Illus. 10 ref.

1975

CIS 76-1674 Lambreva E.
Spectrophotometric method for determination of acetone in air
Spektrofotometričen metod za opredeljane na aceton văv văzduha [in Bulgarian]
Description of a spectrophotometric method based on the reaction of acetone with furfurol in an alkaline medium. The yellow colour thus obtained gives a characteristic peak of light absorption at 383nm. The method is simple, sensitive (2µg per 2ml), precise and rapid.
Letopisi na higienno-epidemiologičnata služba, 1975, Vol.9, No.3, p.144-151. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 76-1408 Chéron J.
Resistance of protective gloves to industrial solvents - Results obtained with methyl ethyl ketone
Résistance des gants de protection aux solvants industriels - Résultats obtenus avec la méthyléthylcétone. [in French]
Results of tests carried out by the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS) to determine the damage caused to these gloves by dipping them into solvent (combined mechanical and chemical action), permeability to the solvent and time taken for the solvent to pass through the glove. The results are presented in tabular form with a qualitative scale of assessment of each glove according to the purpose for which it is used, with practical advice for users of different glove types given in a separate column.
Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1975, No.12, p.585-592.

CIS 76-1099 Chéron J.
Resistance of protective gloves to industrial solvents - Results obtained with acetone on some 100 types of commercial gloves
Résistance des gants de protection aux solvants industriels - Résultats obtenus avec l'acétone sur une centaine de gants du commerce. [in French]
Results of tests carried out by the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS) on the deterioration of gloves by soaking them in the solvent (combined mechanical and chemical actions) permeability to the solvent and time taken for the solvent to pass through the glove. The findings are categorised on a qualitative scale, graded according to how the gloves are used, and accompanied by advice for users.
Travail et sécurité, Oct. 1975, No.10, p.471-478. Illus.

CIS 76-195 Morel C., Cavigneaux A., Protois J.C.
Isophorone
Isophorone. [in French]
Uses, physical and chemical properties, storage and methods of detection and determination in air of isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one or isoacetophorone). Fire hazards, pathology and toxicology. French occupational safety and health regulations in force, protection of the environment and transport. Technical and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, Fiche toxicologique n°118, French National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14. Paris, France, 4th quarter 1975, No.81, Note No.991-81-75, p.539-541. 15 ref.

CIS 76-160 Billmaier D., Yee H.T., Allen B., Craft N., Williams N., Epstein S., Fontaine R.
Polyneuritis due to methyl butyl ketone in a coated fabrics plant
Polynévrites par méthylbutylcétone dans une fabrique de tissus enduits. [in French]
Condensed French version of: Peripheral neuropathy in a coated fabrics plant. Journal of Occupational Medicine, Downers Grove, USA, Oct. 1974, Vol.16, No.10, p.665-671. Illus. 19 ref. (CIS 75-418). In a fabric printing department 68 workes showed manifest signs and symptoms of polyneuritis. No known neurotoxic substance was being used in the manufacturing process; the workers were principally exposed to hazard from solvents (inhalation and skin contact). The coincidence between the onset of these cases and the substitution of methyl butyl ketone (2-hexanone) (MBK) for another solvent caused the effect of MBK to be suspected. No further cases were reported after MBK was withdrawn from the production process. The low MBK concentration determined in the workplace atmosphere showed that the present TLV (100ppm) for MBK does not afford sufficient protection.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1975, No.80, Note No.971-80-75, p.349-356. 19 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1357 Outbreaks of occupational disease rock industry.
An epidemic of peripheral neuritis affected 128 of 950 workers in a USA coated fabrics plant engaged in printing and dyeing textiles and fabrics and coating fabric wall coverings with plastic. The solvent 2-hexanone (methyl butyl ketone) was suspected. In 1972 the company had substituted this solvent for methyl isobutyl ketone. Work practices at the plant added to workers' exposure (eating lunch at workposts making ingestion a second avenue of exposure, overtime, etc.). A NIOSH team investigated the outbreak. There is a possibility of synergism between 2-hexanone and another chemical. The outbreak seriously deteriorated worker-management relations, with threatened closure of the plant until health conditions improved. The article also refers to 3 cases of liver angiosarcoma in a vinyl chloride polymerisation plant, discussing TLVs, and reviewing the respective roles of NIOSH and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Occupational Hazards, May 1974, Vol.3, No.5, p.43-48. Illus.

CIS 75-1092 Tužilina L.V.
Experimental data on the toxicity of the monomer FA
Ėksperimental'nye dannye po toksikologii monomera FA [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments to determine the toxicity of FA, a monomer obtained by condensation of furfural with acetone, containing 55% of monofurfurylidene acetone, 44% of difurfurylidene acetone and 1% of furfural. On the basis of the toxic effects observed after single and long-term experimental exposures, the author recommends that a threshold limit value of 0.5mg/m³ should be adopted.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, May 1974, No.4, p.53-55. 6 ref.

CIS 75-418 Billmaier D., Yee H.T., Allen N., Craft B., Williams N., Epstein S., Fontaine R.
Peripheral neuropathy in a coated fabrics plant.
68 workers in a textile printing plant manifested definite signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. No known neurotoxic chemicals were used in production processes; respiratory exposures and the main skin exposures were to solvents. The coincidence of the onset of cases following the introduction of methyl butyl ketone (MBK) made that solvent a likely suspect as a cause of the outbreak. No cases have occurred since MBK was removed from production. It is clear from the low level of MBK detected in the working atmosphere that the current TLV of 100ppm does not adequately protect the worker. Urgent consideration must be given to establishing a satisfactory standard.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1974, Vol.16, No.10, p.665-671. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 74-1926 Traiger G.J., Plaa G.L.
Chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity - Potentiation by isopropyl alcohol and acetone.
In experiments with mice it was shown that pre-treatment with isopropyl alcohol or acetone augmented the hepatotoxicity of chloroform, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene. The most marked potentiation was seen with chloroform. There was no augmentation of hepatic dysfunction with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The study indicates that the ability of isopropyl alcohol or acetone to potentiate the hepatotoxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons is proportional to the basic hepatotoxicity of the solvent involved.
Archives of Environmental Health, May 1974, Vol.28, No.5, p.276-278. 10 ref.

CIS 74-1665 Schwetz B.A., Leong B.K.J., Gehring P.J.
Embryo- and fetotoxicity of inhaled carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane and methyl ethyl ketone in rats.
Using the results of studies in which pregnant rats were exposed to various concentrations of CCl₄, 1,1-dichloroethane or methyl ethyl ketone 7 h/day, it was concluded that: (a) CCl₄ at 1,000ppm is not highly embryotoxic; (b) 1,1-dichloroethane is only slightly embryotoxic at 6,000ppm; and (c) methyl ethyl ketone at 3,000ppm is embryotoxic, foetotoxic and potentially teratogenic. The results of these studies also show that there is no correlation between the toxicity of these solvents to the mother and to the embryo or foetus.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, June 1974, Vol.28, No.3, p.452-464. 3 ref.

CIS 74-1637 McDonough J.R.
Methyl n-butyl ketone.
Rats exposed to inhalation of MBK (methyl n-butyl ketone or 2-hexanone) at an atmospheric level of 1,300ppm for 6h per day, 5 days per week for 4 months, developed nerve changes characteristic of peripheral neuropathy. Further studies are needed to establish the upper levels of exposure where peripheral neuropathy does not occur. The major precautions required in the handling of MBK are given.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1974, Vol.16, No.6, p.412.

1973

CIS 74-880 Suzuki H.
An experimental study on physiological functions of the autonomic nervous system of man exposed to acetone vapour.
Physiological data were collected to determine a TLV for acetone using measurements of galvanic skin reflex, finger reflex (using a plethysmograph), heart rate, respiratory rate and cerebral activity (using an occipital EEG). Subjects were exposed to acetone vapour for various periods; their responses to visual and auditory stimuli were monitored by EEG, and the results compared with a control group. It is concluded that the TLV for acetone should be less than 250 ppm.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.2, p.147-164. Illus. 44 ref.

CIS 74-759 DiVincenzo G.D., Yanno F.J., Astill B.D.
Exposure of man and dog to low concentrations of acetone vapor.
Experimental exposures to acetone vapour were conducted for 2 or 4 h at concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm with human subjects and at 100, 500 and 1000 ppm with dogs. Methods and results of breath, blood and urine analyses are described. The results show that breath and blood values were directly proportional to the magnitude of the exposure, whereas no direct proportionality between urinary acetone and exposure level was found. Changes in the physical activity of employees can influence the absorption of acetone. The half-life of acetone in the blood was 3 h, approximately the same in both species.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1973, Vol.34, No.8, p.329-336. Illus. 9 ref.

1972

CIS 74-1942 Raleigh R.L., McGee W.A.
Effects of short, high concentration exposures to acetone as determined by observation in the work area.
A brief review of literature relating to the TLV of acetone is followed by an account of a study of filter-press operators covering air sampling, gas chromatographic analysis, breath sampling and medical examinations (Romberg test, psychomotor tests, subjective and objective checks of irritation to the nose, throat and eyes, and checks for signs of nystagmus). The authors conclude that on-site observations of workers correlated with data obtained from breathing zone air samples are the best means for determining the extent of acute physiological responses in relation to exposure, and that the current U.S. TLV of 1,000ppm for acetone is safe.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1972, Vol.14, No.8, p.607-610. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 74-745
Booklet No.26, Department of Employment, H.M. Factory Inspectorate, London.
Methods for the detection of toxic substances in air - Cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone.
After reviewing briefly the occurrence, industrial uses and toxic effects of cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone and giving the appropriate first-aid treatment in the case of splashes, the booklet describes simple colorimetric methods for the detection of these substances in air. Details are given of apparatus, reagents and procedure used, and interferences.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1972. 10p. Illus. 1 ref. Price: £0.18.

CIS 72-2208 Goldmann P.J.
Allergens and skin diseases in a chemical-works medical service
Allergene und Hautkrankheiten in der werksärztlichen Praxis eines chemischen Industriebetriebes [in German]
A review of medical examinations of 2219 chemical plant workers in the German Federal Republic between 1955 and 1971. 2381 cases of skin disease were reported (34.5% being non-occupational). The cases comprises: 19% allergic dermatitis, 8.5% occupational dermatitis due to corrosive and sensitising substances, and 38% degenerative toxic skin lesions. Institution of safety measures has virtually eliminated skin disease due to vinylcarbazole, benzanthrone, formaldehyde condensation products, and mucochloric acid derivatives.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Arbeitshygiene, Apr. 1972, Vol.7, No.4, p.98-100. 6 ref.

CIS 72-1887 Hausen B.M., Simatupang M.H., Kingreen J.C.
Hypersensitivity to sucupira and Brazilian rosewood
Untersuchung zur Überempfindlichkeit gegen Sucupira- und Palisanderholz [in German]
Sucupira (Bowdichia nitida Benth.) wood which had caused eczema in a cabinet maker, was analysed to isolate the pathogenic constituents; 3 quinone fractions produced allergic reactions of varying severity on patch testing; one was identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone. Skin testing with dalbergiones confirmed that the subject was also allergic to Brazilian rosewood dust.
Berufs-Dermatosen, Feb. 1972, Vol.20, No.1, p.1-7. 20 ref.

CIS 72-2492 Möller K.H.
Safe handling of acetylene dissolved in acetone in the chemical industry
Sichere Handhabung von Acetylen/Aceton-Lösungen bei chemisch-technischen Verfahren [in German]
Data on the use of acetylene in chemical synthesis (vinylation, ethinylation, cyclic polymerisation, carbonylaction) and on the explosion hazards of dissolved acetylene. Report on work by the Federal Materials Testing Institute at Berlin-Dahlem to determine the low temperature stability of acetylene dissolved in acetone. Ignition testing at -20°C shows that maximum safety is achieved if the acetylene concentration is less than 100Ncm³/cm³ acetone (approx. 12% acetylene by weight in the solution). Safety requirements to be met when this figure is exceeded.
Sicher ist Sicher, May 1972, Vol.23, No.5, p.216-222. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 73-746 Möller K.H.
The development of ultra-porous substances, their use in acetylene cylinders and the maximum permissible quantity of acetylene and acetone in cylinders containing these substances
Zur Entwicklung von hochporösen Massen, ihre Eignung als Füllmassen für Acetylenbehälter und zulässige Acetylen- und Acetonfüllungen in mit solchen Massen präparierten Behältern [in German]
Having reviewed the principles governing the decomposition of acetylene and the design of acetylene cylinders, the Federal German Materials Testing Laboratory reviews the development of porous substances and solvents for acetylene cylinders. Following drop, ignition and heating tests on high-porousity substances (90% porous monolithic silicates) in full acetylene cylinders, it is now possible to recommend porous masses which allow 27-33% more acetylene by weight. Permissible degrees of filling for various types of cylinder are shown in tabular form.
Die Berufsgenossenschaft, Sep. 1972, no.9, p.336-339, Oct. 1972, No.10, p.375-379, and Nov. 1972, No.11, p.422-425. Illus. 125 ref.

1971

CIS 72-2526 Acceptable concentrations of acetone
This standard, sponsored by the American Industrial Hygiene Association, is introduced by a statement on the meaning of acceptable concentrations. It briefly gives the properties of acetone and its hazards to health. Maximum acceptable concentrations are given as follows: 1000ppm for the time-weighted average exposure during an 8-hour work day, with a corresponding ceiling concentration of 3000ppm; and 6000ppm for a duration of not more than 30min once in an 8-hour work day. Recommendations are made as regards air sampling procedures and analytical determination of acetone in air.
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 1971. 8p. 10 ref.

CIS 73-271 Navarro Martinez M.
Preventive medical examination of workers exposed to acetone vapours in a Venezuelan synthetic-fibre plant
Estudio médico-preventivo de trabajadores expuestos al riesgo de acetona ambiental en una industria venezolana de fibras sintéticas [in Spanish]
The author reports on an industrial hygiene survey carried out at certain workplaces in an acetate fibre works; gives the main results of measurements taken (acetone concentrations were at times as high as 3000ppm during dyeing and extrusion) and provides a statistical review of subjective and objectice symptoms in exposed workers. He recommends: a fundamental modification of the local exhaust ventilation system for acetone vapours during extrusion and waste recovery; the use of pre-employment medical examinations to eliminate persons with liver and mental disorders and chronic alcoholics; a protein- and vitamin-rich diet for exposed workers; and the need to abstain from all alcohol consumption. (For the proceedings of this Congress, see CIS 73-267).
VIth World Congress on the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, Vienna, 10-15 May 1971, Wilhelm Maudrich, Buchhandlung für medizinische Wissenschaften, Alserstr. 19, 1081 Wien, Austria, 1971. Vol.2. 5p.

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