Ketones - 295 entries found

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1984

CIS 85-1306 Bereznjak I.V.
Danger of skin absorption of cyclohexanone in caprolactam workers
Ob opasnosti nastuplenija ciklogeksanona čerez kožu rabotajuščih v proizvodstve kaprolaktama [in Russian]
100 workers engaged in the manufacture of caprolactam showed hepatic disorders although the concentrations of cyclohexanone in the atmosphere and on the skin were 3.7mg/m³ and 0.005mg/cm² respectively, i.e. considerably below the threshold of harmful effect. Concentrations of bilirubin and cholinesterase were higher than normal. The acid-base balance of the skin was low. Preventive measures should be taken in cyclohexanone manufacture (use of personal protective equipment, including protective gloves and barrier creams).
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1984, No.3, p.52-54. 8 ref.

CIS 85-760 Wigaeus E., Löf A., Byfält Nordqvist M.
Uptake, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of styrene in man - A comparison between single exposure and co-exposure with acetone
6 healthy men were exposed for 2h during light physical exercise to 293mg/m³ of styrene on one occasion, and to a mixture of 301mg/m³ of styrene and 1240mg/m³ of acetone on another. The uptake of styrene was 68%. The arterial blood concentration of styrene stabilised after 75min of exposure at 18µmol/L after single, and at 20µmol/L after combined exposure. The half-life of styrene in blood was approx. 40min in both studies. The concentration of non-conjugated styrene glycol increased linearly during exposure, reaching 3µmol/L at the end, with a subsequent half-life of 70min. The half-lives of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine were approx. 4h and 9h, respectively, in both studies. No significant effect of acetone exposure on the metabolism of styrene was demonstrated.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1984, Vol.41, No.4, p.539-546. Illus. 64 ref.

CIS 85-716 Methyl ethyl ketone
This data sheet on methyl ethyl ketone (butanone) covers: properties; uses; fire hazards; hazardous reactions; toxicity (acute and chronic effects) and biological hazards; safety precautions; handling and storage; medical surveillance; leakage and spillage; first aid.
Safety Practitioner, Dec. 1984, Vol.2, No.12, p.22-23. 14 ref.

CIS 84-1906 Folke J., Johansen I., Cohr K.H.
The recovery of ketones from gas-sampling charcoal tubes
Evaluation of the NIOSH charcoal-tube method for measuring the concentration of organic vapours in air with regard to ketone solvents. Mixtures of nonane, butanone (MEK), methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) and cyclohexanone were injected directly into charcoal tubes which were then stored for periods of up to 23 days at 4°C before desorption with dimethylformamide and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. Nonane and MIBK could be completely recovered after the 23-day storage period, whereas MEK and cyclohexanone were not. It is assumed that MEK and cyclohexanone reacted irreversibly with the charcoal surface and could not be desorbed.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1984, Vol.45, No.4, p.231-235. 7 ref.

CIS 84-1620 Methylbutylketone (MBK), methylisobutylketone (MIBK)
Méthylbutylcétone (MBC), méthylisobutylcétone (MIBC) [in French]
Data sheets published by the National Centre of Prevention and Protection (France), which specialises in fire prevention. The first data sheet deals with general information, synonyms, chemical formulae, physical constants, combustion constants and toxicity. The second data sheet describes the operations to be carried out in order to prevent spillage and emission of fumes into open air, to eliminate possible ignition sources and to minimise hazards. List of effective extinguishing agents. Warning notices and labelling. References to relevant French legislation (protection of workers and of the public, transportation).
Face au risque, June-July 1984, No.204, p.75-78. Illus. 9 ref.

1983

CIS 88-1114 3-Heptanone
3M ärä image developer [in Finnish]
Chemical safety information sheet. Photographic developer. Synonyms: Butyl ethyl ketone. Exposure limit (8h) = 230mg/m³; exposure limit (15min) = 345mg/m³. The liquid irritates the eyes. The vapour can irritate the eyes and the respiratory tract. High concentrations of the vapour can have a narcotic effect. Long-term exposure can damage the nervous system, the liver and the kidneys. Mandatory European labelling: XN, R10, R20, R36, S24.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, Apr. 1983. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 88-937 Wigaeus E.
Kinetics of acetone and styrene in inhalation exposure
Contents of this thesis: investigation methods (occupational exposure to styrene; experimental exposure to acetone and styrene in man; experimental exposure to acetone in mice); results (uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination); discussion (respiratory uptake, tissue distribution, tissue concentrations in animals, blood concentrations in man, subcutaneous adipose tissue concentrations in man, excretion and metabolism, clearance of styrene).
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1983. 63p. 125 ref.

CIS 84-1297 Riihimäki V.
Methyl ethyl ketone
Metyletylketon [in Swedish]
Literature survey to serve as a basis for determination of exposure limits. The acute toxicity of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is well documented while long-term toxicity in different organ systems is less well known. MEK produces narcosis in concentrations >23.5g/m³ (8000ppm). It has a low hepatotoxic potential but can potentiate the liver toxicity of other compounds. Its teratogenic potential is low. Concentrations of >1g/m³ (350ppm) were irritating in a study in humans. There is no clear evidence of a neurotoxic effect; in animal experiments MEK potentiated the peripheral neurotoxicity of methyl n-butyl ketone (MEK) and n-hexane, and combined exposure to MEK and n-hexane caused neurophysiological changes in peripheral nerve function. An epidemic of peripheral neuropathy was reported in a work environment combining MEK and MBK. Determination of the TLV should consider the irritant properties of MEK and the limited information on late central nervous effects. Special arrangements should be made in environments with mixed solvent exposure.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1983. 44p. 67 ref.

CIS 84-781 Raje R.R.
In vitro toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione using isolated perfused rabbit heart
Heart rate, force of contraction and coronary flow were measured during perfusion of n-hexane at a concentration of 9.6mg/l and 2,5-hexanedione at 0.2 and 0.35%. Perfusion for 1h significantly reduced the force of cardiac contraction. Histopathological damage was observed.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 1983, Vol.11, No.4-6, p.879-884. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 84-752 Nagano M., Sato K., Eto K., Misumi J., Nomura S.
An experimental study on electrophysiological and histopathological changes in 2,5-hexanedione-intoxicated rats
200mg of 2,5-hexanedione daily were injected subcutaneously for 3 weeks and 300mg for the next 5 weeks. In the 2nd week, treated rats showed slight morphological changes with swollen axons in the posterior spinal root fibre and tail nerve. A slowing of motor and sensory conduction velocity in the tail occurred in the 5th week. In the 6th and 7th weeks, histological changes included giant axonal swelling, fibre loss, thinning of myelin and demyelination in various regions of the peripheral nervous system. Marked degenerative changes of spermatogenic cells occurred in the 6th and 7th weeks.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Mar. 1983, Vol.25, No.2, p.77-83. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 84-459 Dolara P., Lodovici M., Salvadori M., Santoni G., Caderni G., Buiatti E., Bavazzano P.
Enzyme induction in humans exposed to styrene
Urinary glucaric acid and the ratio between 6β-OH-cortisol and 17-OH-corticosteroids ("ratio") were determined in chemical workers exposed to styrene (≤164mg/m³) and acetone (≤571mg/m³), and in a control group. Exposed workers had significantly higher excretion of glucaric acid and a higher ratio. Variations of the 2 parameters were significantly correlated. Urinary mercapturic acids were also increased. Simultaneous styrene and acetone exposure induces mono-oxygenases in humans. The possibility that enzyme induction may modify the long-term effects of styrene exposure is discussed briefly.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 1983, Vol.27, No.2, p.183-188. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 84-121 Elskamp C.J., Schultz G.R.
An alternate sampling and analytical method for 2-butanone
Samples collected using charcoal tubes were unstable during prolonged storage. An alternate method, based on sampling with standard silica gel tubes, desorption with dimethyl sulfoxide and analysis by gas chromatography, provides stable samples that can be stored at room temperature for up to 15 days without significant losses. Recommended sampling volume is 3l at 100cm³/min or less with 2 tubes in series to prevent rapid breakthrough and make up for the lower collection capacity of silica gel. Recovery is not affected by high humidity. Average recovery was 92 ± 8% based on sample loadings equivalent to 4mg/m³ of 2-butanone in air.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1983, Vol.44, No.3, p.201-204. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 83-1912 Methyl ethyl ketone
Méthyléthylcétone [in French]
Contents of this information sheet: uses and occurrence of methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone); toxicology; fire and explosion hazards; exposure control (personal protective equipment, respiratory protection); storage and handling; exposure limits; chemical and physical properties; references. All points are summarised on a separately paginated separable data sheet.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 1H6, Canada, 1983. 17 ref. No charge.

CIS 83-1322 Joint assessment of commodity chemicals - No.3: Methyl ethyl ketone
The acute lethal dose of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to animals is about 3g/kg body weight. Exposure to the liquid or vapour depresses central nervous system activity; the vapour is irritant to the eyes, nose and throat, and the liquid can cause severe eye damage. Aspiration of the liquid produces acute pneumonitis. MEK is weakly hepatotoxic. Epidemiological studies have not demonstrated any carcinogenic activity. Teratogenic studies are inconclusive. Contents: chemical identity and physical and chemical properties; production and uses; human and environmental exposure; toxicological data (human studies; clinical, experimental and epidemiologic studies; experimental studies of acute, sub-chronic, and chronic toxicity; carcinogenicity; metabolism, pharmacokinetics and biochemistry; mutagenicity; reproductive toxicity; neurotoxicity); ecotoxicological data; summary and conclusions; bibliography.
European Chemical Industry, Avenue Louise 250, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 1983. 26p. 95 ref.

1982

CIS 87-1202 Benzoquinone
p-Bentsokinoni [in Finnish]
Benzoquinone is a toxic agent (LD₅₀ = 130mg/kg; TLV = 0.4mg/m³). Toxic if inhaled or ingested. Irritates the skin, can cause dermatitis. Irritates the eyes and the mucous membranes. Can cause corneal damage. Long term exposure can cause necrosis of the skin. Mandatory European labelling: T, R23, R25, R36, R37, R38, S26, S28, S44.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, May 1982. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 84-712 Acetone
This revised data sheet covers: physical properties and uses; shipping; storage and handling; hazards (inhalation, skin contact, fire); threshold limit values (ACGIH TLV 750ppm; OSHA PEL 1000ppm); sampling; ventilation; personal protection; first aid; waste disposal.
National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL. 60611, USA, 1982. 3p. 8 ref.

CIS 84-696 Information from the Soviet Toxicology Centre
Informacija sovetskogo toksikologičeskogo centra [in Russian]
Covered are: sulfotrinaphthalenofuran, styrene, acetophenone, Freon 114 B₂, decane, crotonaldehyde, Freon 13 B₁, triethanolamine, ethanol, dimethylphenylcarbinol, monoethanol ethylenediamine. Data given include: acronyms and synonyms, uses, physical and chemical properties, biological effects, toxicity to animals by various routes of administration, methods of determination.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1982, No.8, p.53-56.

CIS 84-508 Joshi A., Khanna S.K., Singh G.B., Krishna Murti C.R.
Interaction of benzanthrone with reconstituted collagen fibrils
In order to investigate the mechanism of the effects of benzanthrone (BZA) on the skin of exposed workers and animals, the binding kinetics of BZA with reconstituted native collagen fibrils, were examined. BZA binds readily with reconstituted native collagen fibrils, and the uptake is initially concentration - dependent and does not involve thiol groups. Denaturation of collagen by heat or urea treatement resulted in loss of binding potential. Serum albumin exhibits a tendency to dissociate BZA prebound to collagen and may assist in efflux of BZA through circulation.
Industrial Health, 1982, Vol.20, No.4, p.305-313. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 84-394 Nizjaeva I.V.
Evaluating the health effects of acetone
K gigieničeskoj ocenke acetona [in Russian]
Analysis of clinical records showed an excess of complications of pregnancy and birth defects of offspring among female industrial workers exposed to acetone. The effects were seen in women exposed to acetone levels well below the USSR MAC (200mg/m³), such as rewinders and twisters, as well as in women exposed to concentrations at or above the MAC, such as workers in the chemical synthesis and spinning of fibres. Exposure of experimental animals to typical industrial concentrations of acetone showed that the compound had embryotoxic effects. It is recommended that the MAC be substantially lowered.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1982, No.6, p.24-28. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 84-137
Canada Safety Council
Acetone
Revision to the 1977 edition. Contents: Identification and physical properties; industrial uses and hazards; occupational exposure limits (Ontario guideline: 750ppm - 8h-TWA); preventive measures; transportation; storage and handling; training and supervision; 2-page summary for poster display.
1765, St. Laurent Blvd. Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 3V4, Canada, 1982. 9p. 13 ref.

CIS 84-116 Damgård Nielsen G., Kragh Hansen M., Mølhave L.
Toxicological evaluation of a number of substances that may pollute the workplace air
Toksikologisk vurdering af en række forureningsstoffer i indeluften [in Danish]
Summary of this report based on literature surveys: dose-effect relations (synergic effects, odours, carcinogens, extrapolation models); alkanes; benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons; phenyl alkenes (styrene, etc.); terpenes; cyclohexanes; alkenes; alcohols; ketones; aldehydes; esters; halogenated hydrocarbons. In total, 80 organic compounds are discussed from the points of view of biological effects, toxicity (acute and subacute), genetic and carcinogenic effects. Each chapter is followed by a table summarising toxicological data.
Arbejdstilsynet, Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet, Rosenvængets Allé 16-18, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, Aug. 1982. 102p. Illus. 268 ref. Price: Dan.cr.25.00.

CIS 83-1958 Misumi J., Nagano M., Nomura S.
An experimental study on the neurotoxicity of 2-octanone and 2-hexanol, a metabolite of n-hexane
The compounds 2-octanone (2-O) and 2-hexanol (2-H) were administered daily as 400mg/kg doses to rats for 5 days per week for 21 weeks in order to determine the molecular structure associated with polyneuropathy. Treatment with 2-O resulted only in slight inhibition of weight gain and narcotic effects after injection. The same dose of 2-H resulted in hypersalivation, gait disturbances, crossing of hind limbs and a failure of normal growth. Retardation of the conduction velocity in the motor and sensory nerve fibres and the prolonged motor latencies of the tail nerves began to appear after week 14 when 9.6g total dose had been administered. The neurotoxic potency of 2-H appears to be greater than that of hexane but less than that of methyl butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol or 2,5-hexanedione.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 1982, Vol.24, No.5, p.475-484. Illus. 46 ref.

CIS 83-1675 Miyasaka M., Kumai M., Koizumi A., Watanabe T., Kurasako K., Sato K., Ikeda M.
Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to methyl ethyl ketone by means of urinalysis for methyl ethyl ketone itself
Head-space gas chromatography was used to isolate methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) from urine, a convenient method for biological monitoring. The method was applied to urine from 62 exposed workers, whose individual exposure to MEK was monitored with carbon felt personal samplers. Balance of MEK absorption via inhalation and MEK excretion into urine revealed that only 0.1% of MEK absorbed will be excreted unchanged in the urine. The method is very simple, time and labour saving and it is sensitive enough to detect MEK in urine deriving from exposure concentrations well below the permissible concentration of 200ppm. Wider application of head-space gas chromatography is discussed for the analysis of unmetabolised solvents in urine.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1982, Vol.50, No.2, p.131-137. 14 ref.

CIS 83-1010 Wigaeus E., Löf A., Nordgvist M.
Distribution and elimination of 2-[¹⁴C]-acetone in mice after inhalation exposure
Exposure was 1,200mg/m³ (500ppm). Acetone tissue concentrations reached steady-state plateaus within 6h of exposure. Maximal concentration in the adipose tissue was one-third of that in non-adipose tissue. The half-life of acetone after 6h exposure was 2-5h in all tissues. Almost equal amounts of acetone were excreted via the lungs, unmetabolised or as CO₂. There was no accumulation of acetone after prolonged or repeated exposure.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1982, Vol.8, No.2, p.121-128. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 83-505 Gardiner J.S., Walker S.A., MacLean A.J.
A retrospective mortality study of substituted anthraquinone dyestuffs workers
Because short-term bacterial tests have previously shown that about one-third of substituted anthraquinones tested are capable of causing reverse mutation, and two year feeding studies of 3 such dyestuffs in rats have shown an excess of hepatocellular carcinomas, a retrospective cohort mortality study was carried out on a population of 1975 male workers employed in a dyestuffs manufacturing plant. The population was identified as having worked for more than 6 months within the factory during the decade 1 Jan. 1956 - 31 Dec. 1965, and their mortality experience was followed up to 30 June 1980. Age standardised mortality rates did not show any excess in total or cancer-related mortality.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1982, Vol.39, No.4, p.355-360. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 82-1639 Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Some aromatic amines, anthraquinones and nitroso compounds, and inorganic fluorides used in drinking-water and dental preparations
For each substance included in this report, sections cover: chemical and physical data; production, use, occurrence, analysis; biological data relevant to carcinogenic risk (animal studies, effects on humans, mutagenicity); summary of data and evaluation; references.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 2, France, Apr. 1982, Vol.27, 341p. Bibl. Price: SF.40.00.

CIS 82-1664 Plaa G.L., Hewitt W.R., du Souich P., Caillé G., Lock S.
Isopropanol and acetone potentiation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity: Single versus repetitive pretreatments in rats
Rats were administered 2 minimally effective doses (MED) of 0.25ml/kg of acetone or isopropanol each day for 3 days prior to exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). These administrations caused greater potentiation of CCl₄ hepatotoxicity than a single MED but not as much as 1 dose of 6 MED. Similar administration of 6 non-effective doses (NED) of 0.10ml/kg each did not potentiate CCl₄ effects but a single dose equivalent to 6 NED did. After administration of 1.5ml/kg acetone by 4 different methods over 3 days, an excellent correlation was found between the degree of potentiation observed and the peak blood concentration attained but no correlation was found with the area under the concentration/time curve. A threshold for the effects of isopropanol and acetone exists in the rat.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Feb. 1982, Vol.9, No.2, p.235-250. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 82-1663 Abdo K.M., Graham D.G., Timmons P.R., Abou-Donia M.B.
Neurotoxicity of continuous (90 days) inhalation of technical grade methyl butyl ketone in hens
Hens were exposed continuously for 90 days to 10, 50, 100, 200 and 400ppm technical grade methyl butyl ketone (MBK) in inhalation chambers and were observed for 30 days after exposure. The severity of clinical condition and progression or improvement of neurological deficit signs were dependent on the concentration of MBK and the duration of exposure. At the highest exposure levels hens developed ataxia and paralysis. At 100ppm MBK caused severe ataxia and no change in clinical condition occurred during the observation period. At 50ppm hens exhibited gross ataxia, and a partial regression of neurological deficit occurred after exposure ceased. Hens remained normal at 10ppm exposure. Significant weight loss occurred in hens exposed to 400 or 200ppm MBK. The severity of histopathologic changes observed in all groups depended on the level and duration of MBK exposure.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Feb. 1982, Vol.9, No.2, p.199-215. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 82-1021 Samimi B.
Exposure to isophorone and other organic solvents in a screen printing plant
Sampling times of 50-90min were used to collect 124 charcoal tube samples from workers' breathing zones and various work areas and maximum mean time-weighted average concentrations (TWAC) of isophorone and cyclohexanone were 23 ±5.4ppm and 28 ±5ppm, respectively, at the breathing zones of printing press workers. Exposure levels for vapours such as cellosolve acetate, butyl acetate, xylenes, diacetone alcohol and petroleum distillate were also determined. Mean TWAC of personal samples were generally higher than area samples due to proximity of the solvent evaporating surfaces to the workers' breathing zones. Mean TWAC for individual vapours did not exceed OSHA limits. However, the sum of TWAC/TLV ratios of organic vapours with additive health effects exceeded unity at the breathing zones of workers handling inks and solvents. Actual 8h exposures were lower because of lower concentrations in the general atmosphere of the plant where workers spend non-active periods of the shift. Recommendations for improvement of working conditions and reduction of exposure levels.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1982, Vol.43, No.1, p.43-48. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 82-607
Fire Protection Association
Methyl n-propyl ketone
Uses; hazards (highly flammable volatile liquid; vapours readily form ignitable and explosive mixtures with air; as the vapour is heavier than air it will accumulate in basements and low-lying areas and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back; moderately toxic - irritates eyes, nose, throat, causes narcosis); precautions (storage; explosion venting; flame arresters; no smoking; electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres, with reference to British standards); fire fighting; references to legislation (including road transport, packaging and labelling); properties, characteristics, synonyms.
Fire Prevention, Mar. 1982, No.147, p.43-44.

1981

CIS 87-1189 Acetylacetone
Asetyyliasetoni [in Finnish]
Acetylacetone is a flammable irritating liquid (LD₅₀ = 1000mg/kg). It irritates the skin and the mucous membranes. Mandatory European labelling: XN, R10.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, May 1981. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 83-1612 Syrovadko O.N., Gračeva K.M.
Health significance of skin contamination by acetone and questions about its penetration through the skin
Gigieničeskoe značenie zagrjaznenij kožnyh pokrovov acetonom i nekotorye voprosy proniknovenija ego čerez kožu [in Russian]
High concentrations of acetone may build up over open containers of the solvent, a situation which favours adsorption of the acetone by workers' skin and possible penetration through the skin, especially in the wrist area. Under industrial and laboratory conditions, acetone in the environment may collect on fabrics and hard surfaces, from which it may be transferred to the skin. Acetone penetrates the skin readily, but its volatility prevents the establishment of any correlation of uptake with superficial concentration, which in turn prevents the establishment of a maximum acceptable level of skin contamination. Liquid acetone penetrates isolated human skin less readily than highly concentrated vapour (5,000mg/m³): measured rates were 0.002 and 0.059mg/cm² per hr, respectively.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1981, No.10, p.23-26. 3 ref.

CIS 83-1367 Timošenko L.V., Volodčenko V.A., Danilov V.I., Ševcov V.E., Ostrovskaja I.S.
Experimental determination of the threshold limit value for dibromobenzanthrone
Materialy k ėksperimental'nomu obosnovaniju predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii dibrombenzantrona [in Russian]
Dibromobenzanthrone (DDB), an intermediate in dye manufacture, was administered to rats, mice and rabbits by intraperitoneal, inhalation and intragastric routes at a dose equal to one-half the LD₅₀ over various time periods. The low volatility of DDB and its relatively low acute toxicity indicate that the probability of acute poisoning in the workplace is low, but since the effects of the compound (blood abnormalities and enlargement of internal organs) are cumulative, the compound should be considered hazardous. A TLV of 0.2mg/m³ is recommended
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1981, No.6, p.51-52. 10 ref.

CIS 82-1920 Bagon D.A., Purnell C.J.
Determination of 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) in air by high-performance liquid chromatography
A method is described for the fast quantitative determination of TNF at levels ≥0.1µg/m³ based on a 100l air sample. The method can be used to determine TNF present in spent toner in photocopying machines.
Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications, 1981, Vol.4, No.11, p.1-3. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1718 Whittington C.V.
Hypopigmentation from UV resin additive
Description of a case of occupational hypopigmentation of the forearm in a worker exposed to vapours of substances used in the printing industry. Patch tests of a quinone used as a polymerisation inhibitor in a UV-sensitive resin caused severe irritation.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1981, Vol.7, No.6, p.289-292. 13 ref.

CIS 82-1341 Stute J., Hausen B.M., Schulz K.H.
Diphenylcyclopropenone - a potent contact allergen
Diphenylcyclopropenon - ein stark wirksames Kontaktallergen [in German]
Report of 3 cases of contact dermatitis in laboratory workers. Chemical data of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) (formula, synthesis, properties) and animal sensitisation experiments. DPCP is a potent sensitiser (comparable in potency to 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclo-1,2-butenedione esters). Precautions are also required in the handling of DPCP intermediates and by-products.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1981, Vol.29, No.1, p.12-15. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 82-731 Hausen B.M., Schmalle H.
Quinonoid constituents as contact sensitisers in Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon RBR)
Shavings from the heartwood of Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon RBR) were extracted with ethanol, and a 10% acetone solution of the extraction residue was applied daily to the skin of 10 albino guinea pigs. After 9 days a slight erythema developed and increased steadily to day 17 when treatment was stopped. 2 weeks later challenge to the skin of the same guinea pigs using the crude ethanol extract showed that sensitisation had occurred. 2 quinones responsible for this sensitisation were chemically isolated and identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (already known) and 6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,5-dihydrobenzofurane-4,7-dione, a newly identified naturally occurring furanoquinone which was named acamelin. The sensitising capacity of these quinones was classified as medium and they pose a possible source of allergic contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1981, Vol.38, No.2, p.105-109. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 82-480 Wigaeus E., Holm S., Åstrand I.
Exposure to acetone: Uptake and elimination in man
8 male subjects were exposed to acetone vapour on 2 occasions for 2 hours. Exposure was 1300mg/m³ during rest in the first test and 700mg/m³ during rest and exercise at different work levels in the second. Total acetone uptake was 0.6-1.2g and the relative uptake was 45%. The concentration of acetone in alveolar air was 30-40% of that in the inspiratiory air and was not affected by exposure time or work load. Blood concentration of acetone increase continuoisly with increased uptake during exposure with no tendency towards equilibrium. The half-time of acetone in alveolar air was 4h and in venous and arterial blood about 6 and 4h respectively. The highest concentrations in urine were measured 3-3.5h after exposure. About 20% of acetone was eliminated via the lungs and only about 1% excreted via urine.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1981, Vol.7, No.2, 84-94p. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 81-1646 Perbellini L., De Grandis D., Semenzato F., Bongiovanni L.G.
Experimental studies on the neurotoxicity of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone
Studio sperimentale sulla neurotossicità del cicloesanolo e del cicloesanone [in Italian]
One group of rats received injections of 200mg/kg of cyclohexanone twice daily, 5 days per week for a maximum of 6 weeks, another group received the same doses for 13 weeks. Electrophysiological and neuropathological tests during and after exposure revealed no evidence of damage to the peripheral nervous system. Chronic poisoning due to the main metabolites of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone does not seem to cause peripheral neuropathy in rats.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1981, Vol.72, No.2, p.102-106. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 81-625
British Fire Protection Association
Methyl isobutyl ketone.
Uses; hazards (highly flammable liquid; may explode spontaneously when heated; slightly toxic); precautions (storage; bunded storage tanks; vent pipe with flame arrester; electrical apparatus for use is potentially explosive atmospheres, with reference to British standards); fire fighting; reference to regulations; physical and chemical properties.
Fire Prevention, Feb. 1981, No.140, p.47-48.

1980

CIS 81-1309
Swedish Standards Committee (Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige)
Determination in air - Workplace air - Concentration of lower aldehydes and ketones in air - Volumetric method
Luftundersökningar - Arbetsplatsluft - Halten lägre aldehyder och ketoner i luft - Titrimetrisk metod [in Swedish]
This standard (effective 1 July 1980) deals with the determination of concentrations > 7mg/m³. It covers: principle (absorption in a hydrogen sulfite solution); interferences; sampling and analytical reagents; sampling and analytical equipment; determination; evaluation of results; reporting of results.
SIS, Stockholm, Sweden, 1980. 5p. Illus. 1 ref. Price: Cr-swe.29.00.

CIS 81-1008 Timošenko L.V., Volodčenko V.A., Danilov V.I., Ostrovskaja I.S., Klejner A.I., Sonkin I.S., Timčenko A.N., Rezenkina L.D.
Establishment of a TLV for benzanthrone in workplace air
Gigieničeskoe normirovanie benzantrona v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Production of 1,9-benzanthrone, used in synthesis of polycycloketone vat dyes, causes pollution by benzanthrone dust and chlorobenzene and SO₂ vapours. Among exposed workers, there is a high incidence of disorders of the liver and bile duct (22.6% compared to 5% among controls), cardiovascular disorders (20.5%), reduced haemoglobin and erythrocyte count, and photodermatitis. The low volatility and low toxicity of this compound exclude any acute toxicity hazard. Recommended TLV to prevent chronic effects: 0.2mg/m³.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1980, No.3, p.53.

CIS 81-1007 Pastušenko T.V., Manenko A.K.
Establishment of a TLV for pentachloroacetophenone in workplace air
Obosnovanie predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii pentahloracetofenona v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
LD₅₀ for this substance, an intermediate in the synthesis of vinyl phosphate insecticide, is 1,250mg/kg for rats and 700mg/kg for mice (intragastric administration). The compound has marked percutaneous toxicity (LD₅₀ at 1,800mg/kg), irritates the skin and mucosae, and has a marked tendency to accumulate in the body. TLVs established were: 77mg/m³ (acute effects); 28mg/m³ (chronic effects); and 2.7mg/m³ (chronic effect range). Recommended TLV for workplace air: 3mg/m³ with warning "cutaneous absorption".
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1980, No.3, p.48-49. 2 ref.

CIS 81-620 Baratov A.N., Korotkih N.I.
Pressures resulting from ignition of acetone-air mixtures in an enclosure
Issledovanie vzryvnyh nagruzok pri sgoranii smesej parov acetona s vozduhom v lokal'nom ob"eme [in Russian]
The results of experimental studies with various acetone concentrations are given. A mathematical method is proposed for calculation of the maximum volume of ignitible vapour not subject to the obligation to take statutory safety measures.
Himičeskaja promyšlennost', Feb. 1980, No.2, p.33-34. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 81-167 Panson R.D., Winek C.L.
Aspiration toxicity of ketones.
Aspiration occurs when substances enter the lungs from the mouth or nose. Studies in rats are reported with acetone, 3-pentanone, 4-heptanone, 5-nonanone, 6-undecanone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-hexanone. Kerosene was used as positive control. Ketones possess an aspiration hazard and aspiration toxicity: except for acetone, all were readily aspirated and were highly toxic by this route. In contrast to kerosene, death in the majority of cases occurred instantly, there was noticeably less lung haemorrhage, and the lung weight/body weight ratio was lower. Death may be due to asphyxiation, cardiac arrest, or respiratory arrest.
Clinical Toxicology, 1980, Vol.17, No.2, p.271-317. Illus. 49 ref.

CIS 80-1933 Miazek-Kula M.
Determination of mesityl oxide and diacetone alcohol in air by gas chromatography
Oznaczanie stężeń mezytylu i alkoholu dwuacetonowego w powietrzu metodą chromatografii gazowej [in Polish]
Isopropanol is the most suitable substance for absorption of the vapour of these compunds, using a column filled with Chromosorb W AW DMCS and 10-15% Carbowax 20M at 60-95°C. The surface area of the peaks as determined by the integrator and their height can serve as basis for quantitative analysis. The method permits determination of 7.2mg mesityl oxide and of 24mg diacetone alcohol per m³ air, corresponding to 0.36 and 0.1 of the US recommended exposure limits. It is specific and has a high level of comparability and reproducibility. The coefficient of variation is approx. ±2%.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1980, Vol.30, No.104, p.3-15. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 80-1101 Alderson M.R., Rattan N.S.
Mortality of workers on an isopropyl alcohol plant and two MEK dewaxing plants.
262 men working at an isopropyl alcohol plant and 446 at 2 methyl ethyl ketone plants for 15.5 and 13.9 years respectively were followed up. There was no clear evidence of a cancer hazard. Lung cancer deaths were fewer than expected.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1980, Vol.37, No.1, p.85-89. 6 ref.

1979

CIS 81-483 Britanov N.G.
Effects of noise and acetone on female workers engaged in the manufacture of acetate and PVC fibres
O dejstvii šuma i acetona na organizm rabotnic proizvodstv acetatnogo i hlorinovogo volokon [in Russian]
Comparative study of the combined effects of noise and acetone on female textile workers exposed to both these agents (close-up noise at maximum permissible level, or exceeding it by 5-11dB; ≤200mg/m³ acetone concentrations) or to one of them only. Functional changes in the nervous system (autonomic and vascular dysfunction, neurotic reactions, hypertension) were more common in the women exposed to both agents than in those of the 2nd group. Changes in physiological functions such as rapidity of perceptual-motor reaction time and static load endurance were more pronounced in the subjects exposed simultaneously to noise and acetone.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1979, No.12, p.15-19. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 80-119 Campbell D.N., Moore R.H.
The quantitative determination of acrylonitrile, acrolein, acetonitrile and acetone in workplace air.
This simple, sensitive procedure uses porous polymer adsorption and thermal desorption with gas chromatographic analysis. Detailed instructions are given. A static and a dynamic calibration procedure are compared. The additional equipment required costs around $2,000.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1979, Vol.40, No.10, p.904-909. Illus. 5 ref.

1978

CIS 79-1408 Dyro F.M.
Methyl ethyl ketone polyneuropathy in shoe factory workers.
Case reports are presented concerning 3 women who developed polyneuropathy while exposed to concentrations of methyl ethyl ketone and acetone or toluene at levels well below the threshold limit values. It is suggested that there is a cumulative effect and that TLVs for all organic solvents should be reexamined with respect to inhalation and absorption from the skin.
Clinical Toxicology, Oct. 1978, Vol.13, No.3, p.371-376. 8 ref.

CIS 79-450 Johnson B.L., Setzer J.V., Lewis T.R., Hornung R.W.
An electrodiagnostic study of the neurotoxicity of methyl n-amyl ketone.
Rats and monkeys were exposed to heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) for 6h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months. Mean exposure levels were 0, 131 and 1,025ppm. Motor nerve conduction velocities, muscle action potentials, electroencephalogram, and visually evoked potentials were recorded. No neurotoxic impairment at either exposure level occurred and bodyweight was not affected. Gross and histopathological examination showed no abnormalities.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1978, Vol.39, No.11, p.866-872. Illus. 14 ref.

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