Halogenated hydrocarbons - 1,937 entries found

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1973

CIS 74-154 Lindner J.
Tests at solvent-producing plants - 3rd report: The correlations between solvent concentration (trichloroethylene) in workpost atmosphere and biological matter as a means for checking workposts
Felduntersuchungen in Lösungsmittelbetrieben - 3. Mitteilung: Korrelation zwischen Lösungsmittelkonzentrationen (Trichloräthylen) der Arbeitsplatzluft und biologischem Material als Mittel zur Arbeitsplatzüberwachung [in German]
Results of a comparison of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCF) levels in the urine of workers exposed to tricholorethylene with the mean concentration of the latter solvent in the workpost atmosphere. It was found that urinary concentrations of TCA and TCE were not reliable indices of trichloroethylene exposure and thus further study of TCE blood levels was necessary. These levels, due to the action of TCE on the central nervous system, constitute the only parameter which can be used to assess the risk of exposure to trichloroethylene. [For the 2nd report on this subject, see CIS 74-0175].
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, June 1973, Vol.23, No.6, p.161-167. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 74-150 Imamura T., Ikeda M.
A time-saving procedure for the determination of total trichloro-compounds in human urine samples.
A modification (Tanaka and Ikeda, 1968) of the original method of Seto and Schultze (1956) has been further improved, by utilising the heat in a boiling water bath for both the oxidation and colour development. As a result, the determination of total trichloro-compounds in human urine could be carried out within one hour.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 31 Aug. 1973, Vol.31, No.4, p.333-338. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 74-147 Sagawa K., Nishitani H., Kawai H., Kuge Y., Ikeda M.
Transverse lesion of spinal cord after accidental exposure to trichloroethylene.
A case is described in which complete loss of sensation in the trunk and lower extremities developed after an accidental exposure to an anaesthetic level of trichloroethylene from a vapour-degreasing bath. The clinical picture and negative findings on possible peripheral neuritis suggest a transverse lesion of the spinal cord at the lower cervical to upper thoracic level. After 9 months of physiotherapy, the patient could begin to walk; however, the neurological examination revealed only slight improvement. The case of a less affected co-worker is also described; this patient was discharged from hospital 5 months after the accident. Estimation of exposure intensity from urinary metabolite levels was attempted (estimated vapour concentration was several thousand ppm). A possible causative agent is discussed.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 31 Aug. 1973, Vol.31, No.4, p.257-264. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-10 Hoevenaar H.N.L.
Extinguishing agent for portable fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishing systems - Bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF, Halon 1211)
Brandblusmiddel voor draagbare blussers en automatische brandblusinstallaties - Broomchloordifluormethaan (BCF, Halon 1211) [in Dutch]
Physical properties; fire fighting efficiency; advantages of BCF; extinction of fires by "negative catalysis"; chemistry of the combustion process and extinguishing effect of BCF; toxicity of BCF pyrolysis products, particularly HBr, HC₂ and HF; threshold limit values; pyrolysis products when extinguishing fires caused by short-circuits; hazards of inadvertently released BCF (results of animal experiments).
De veiligheid, Oct. 1973, Vol.49, No.10, p.323-328. Illus.

CIS 73-1207 Margossian N., Limasset J.C., Richard S.
Thermal degradation of certain chlorinated industrial solvents - Part 5: Oxidizing degradation of tetrachloroethylene and trichloro-1,1,1-ethane in the air in the presence of various common metals
Contribution à l'étude de la dégradation thermique de quelques solvants chlorés industriels - 5e partie: Dégradation oxydante du tétrachloréthylène, du trichloréthylène et du trichloro-1,1,1-éthane dans l'air en présence de quelques métaux usuels [in French]
Following similar studies in the presence of an inert material (CIS 72-2070), this article reports on additional studies on the effect of various metals (copper, iron and aluminium) on solvent degradation. Material, methods (dynamic) and analytical techniques are described, with results given in graphs and tables. In the presence of copper and aluminium, emission of combustion products (Cl, HCl, CO, COCl₂, CCl₄) is often considerably reduced or eliminated. Tries to explain these phenomena and apply them to industrial practice.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1973, No.70, Note No.825-70-73, p.11-22. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1442 Pfäffli P., Backman A.L.
Trichloroethylene concentrations in blood and expired air as indicators of occupational exposure
Analyses of expired air and blood samples from 31 workers with occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) showed that this solvent could be detected in both media up to 15h after exposure. This means that TCE inhaled during exposure is partly stored in the tissues and slowly eliminated between work shifts. In workers exposed to mixed solvent vapours, 1,1,1-trichloroethane seems to delay the elimination of TCE which is evidenced by high morning concentrations of TCE in blood. It is recommended that occupationally exposed workers be examined not only for their TCE exposure during work, but also for their TCE body burden at the beginning of the next shift. This is particularly important for workers exposed to TCE in conjunction with other halogenated hydrocarbons.
Work - Environment - Health, 1972, Vol.9, No.3, p.140-144. Illus. 12 ref.

1972

CIS 75-1343 Hačatrjan Ė.A.
Role of chloroprene compounds in the pathogenesis of cutaneous neoplastic formations
Rol' hloroprenovyh soedinenij v processe vozniknovenija novoobrazovanij koži [in Russian]
Brief review of the harmful effects of chloroprene (chlorobutadiene) on the skin (dermatitis, ulceration, alopecia) followed by the observations made in 25,000 persons between 1956 and 1970. Statistical evaluation of cases of skin cancer observed among the population studied shows that this type of cancer is 7.5 times more frequent among workers engaged in the production of chloroprene than among those employed in plants where this polymer was not produced or processed. The author concludes that this substance is carcinogenic alone as well as in association with other substances.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1972, No.12, p.54-55. 9 ref.

CIS 74-451 Weinstein R.S., Boyd D.D., Back K.C.
Effects of continuous inhalation of dichloromethane in the mouse: Morphologic and functional observations.
A study of the cellular changes induced in mouse liver by continuous inhalation of dichloromethane (CH₂ CI₂) at a concentration minimally toxic for intermittent exposures, including electron microscopic description of tissue injury. Continuous inhalation of 5,000 ppm CH₂ CI₂ caused balloon degeneration, severe fatty change and mild depression of amino acid incorporation into liver proteins. Balloon degeneration peaked in severity at 2 days, then partially reversed; fatty change was also partially reversible. This reversibility of the liver changes suggests that partial tolerance develops in hepatocytes with continuous exposure to 5,000 ppm CH₂ CI₂.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Dec. 1972, Vol.23, No.4, p.660-679. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 74-170 Jenkins L.J., Trabulus M.J., Murphy S.D.
Biochemical effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene in rats: Comparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene.
The effects of administration of 1,1-dichloroethylene on liver and plasma enzyme activities were studied in rats and compared with the effects of carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene. 1,1-dichloroethylene caused depression of liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity and increased activities of liver alkaline phosphatase, tyrosine transaminase, plasma alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase. Similar effects are caused by carbon tetrachloride, but 1,1-dichloroethylene elicits a greater biochemical response. Both 1,1-dichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride are more potent biochemically than either cis or trans isomer of 1,2-dichloroethylene.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Nov. 1972, Vol.23, No.3, p.501-510. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 72-2619 Deichmann W.B.
Toxicology of DDT and related chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
The results of studies extending over a period of approximately 30 years and relating to the toxicological action of DDT and certain related compounds are reviewed. Reference is made to synergistic effects. The importance of the role played by DDT in the control of various diseases is emphasized.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1972, Vol.14, No.4, p.285-292. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 72-2533 Kramer C.G., Mutchler J.E.
The correlation of clinical and environmental measurements of workers exposed to vinyl chloride
98 healthy workers exposed to vinyl chloride and smaller amounts of vinylidene chloride for periods of up to 25 years were studied systematically from the point of view of environmental exposure and medical records, and a correlation was established between environmental measurements and clinical findings. Statistically significant results were obtained. The methodology is presented and discussed, and conclusions are drawn as regards the practical application of toxicological feedback from worker exposures.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1972, Vol.33, No.1, p.19-30. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 72-2641 Kleinfeld M., Messite J., Swencicki R.
Clinical effects of chlorinated naphthalene exposure
Description of a case of collective exposure to a mixture of tetra - and pentachloronaphthalene in a plant manufacturing insulated electrical coils. The technical process and the environmental and medical findings are described. Of the 59 workers examined, 56 had skin lesions which could be ascribed to chlorinated naphthalenes; the face and arms were particularly affected. There were also symptoms of systemic poisoning, although there was no clinical evidence of abnormal liver function. The factors which contributed to the incident are stated.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1972, Vol.14, No.5, p.377-379. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 72-2609 Truhaut R.
Experimental study of the toxicity of a fluoroalkene derivative, the hexafluorodichlorobutene (HFCB)
Acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity of hexafluorodichlorobutene (HFCB) was studied in rabbits using a technique developed by Truhaut et al. in 1969. The method is described and the results presented. HFCB toxicity and metabolism are briefly discussed. The main feature of HFCB poisoning is the delay between absorption and the first symptoms (several hours to several days). The major manifestation is an extensive pulmonary involvement with necrosis of the lung tissues which precedes cardiovascular and central nervous system changes. The analytical methods available for the determination of HFCB are outlined.
Fluoride Quarterly Reports, Jan. 1972, Vol.5, No.1, p.4-14. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 72-2493 Hensele W.
More care in compressed-gas cylinder handling
Mehr Sorgfalt beim Umgang mit Druckgasbehältern [in German]
Description of an accident in which a compressed-gas cylinder containing methyl chloride was heated, exploded and caused serious injuries. The causes are investigated and the importance of periodical gas cylinder inspection for the detection of corrosion is emphasised.
Sicher ist Sicher, May 1972, Vol.23, No.5, p.234-236. Illus.

CIS 72-2496 Münzer M., Heder K.
Results of an industrial hygiene survey and medical examinations in dry cleaning firms
Ergebnisse der arbeitsmedizinischen und technischen Überprüfung chemischer Reinigungsbetriebe [in German]
Industrial hygiene surveys and medical examinations in 55 dry cleaning firms were carried out to determine the effects of perchloroethylene on worker health. Jobs at risk are listed (concentrations of 100-400ppm) and the effectiveness of the exhaust ventilation systems employed is reviewed. 71 of the 200 workers examined had urinary trichloroacetic acid levels over 10mg/L. Subjective complaints (headache, vertigo, nervousness, fatigue) may be attributable to high perchloroethylene absorption. Liver function displayed no significant differences from that of controls. The following measures are recommended: technical training of workers (filling weights, drying times, solvent recovery); pre-employment medical examinations and non-employment of persons with liver, kidney or nervous disease.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, May 1972, Vol.22, No.5, p.133-138. 12 ref.

CIS 72-2821 Bolanowska W., Gołacka J.
Experimental tetrachloroethylene inhalation and elimination in man
Wchłanianie i wydalanie czterochloroetylenu u ludzi w warunkach eksperymentalnych [in Polish]
Five healthy volunteers inhaled tetrachloroethylene for 6h while inspired and expired air were analysed by gas chromatography and urine by colorimetry. Results confirmed that tetrachloroethylene transformation in man is minimal and that expiration is the major elimination route. Only a few percent of the absorbed dose is excreted in the urine and it is presumed that another, as yet unknown, metabolic path exists. It is probable that the main metabolite is ethylene glycol (as in the rat) or oxalic acid (as in the mouse).
Medycyna pracy, 1972, Vol.23, N.2, p.109-119. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 72-2530 Properties and essential information for safe handling and use of vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride monomer (CH₂CHCl), also known as chloroethylene or chloroethane, is a flammable compound which is easily ignited, producing dangerous combustion gases composed largely of hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide. Its main hazard to health is associated with excessive respiratory exposure which can result in disorders of the central nervous system. Properties and engineering control measures, precautions concerning personnel engaged in the handling of vinyl chloride, safety measures in shipping, handling and storage, cleaning and repairs of tanks and equipment, and advice on toxicity, first aid and the medical management of poisoning.
Manufacturing Chemists' Association, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, USA, 1972. 18p.

CIS 73-352 Ikeda M.
Urinary excretion of total trichloro-compounds, trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid as a measure of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene
To investigate the relation between trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene concentrations in working environments and metabolite concentrations in urine, surveys were carried out at 17 workshops where the vapour concentrations of these substances in air were relatively constant. Urine samples from 85 workers were analysed for total trichloro-compounds (TTC) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and trichloroethanol (TCE) concentration was estimated. Statistical analysis showed that urinary TTC and TCE were proportional to atmospheric trichloroethylene concentration. Urinary TCA was related to vapour concentration up to 50ppm but not at higher concentrations. In tetrachloroethylene exposure, urinary metabolite levels increased until the atmospheric solvent concentration reached 50-100ppm, but little increase occurred at higher concentrations. The results are discussed in relation to a possible reduction in the TLV (currently 100ppm in Japan).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.328-333. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 73-37 Essing H.G.
Industrial health studies on the dynamics of perchloroethylene in the body
Arbeitsmedizinische Untersuchungen zur Dynamik des Perchloräthylens im Organismus [in German]
Paper read at the 1st International Symposium of Plant Physicians of the Chemical Industry (Ludwigshafen, 27-29 April 1972). A study of perchloroethylene elimination in expired air, concentration in blood, and the elimination of trichloroacetic acid in urine. Infrared spectrometry of expired air is considered the only valid technique for determining perchloroethylene body burden, and for drawing conclusions on exposure conditions. (For the complete proceedings of this symposium, see CIS 73-32.)
I. Internationales Symposium der Werksärzte der chemischen Industrie, Medichem, BASF Ärztliche Abteilung, 67 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany, 1972. 11p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 73-220 Krampl V.
The value of enzyme activity changes in assessing chlorinated cyclodiene pesticide toxicity
Dynamika zmien enzýmovej aktivity pri hodnotení toxicity pesticídov na báze chlórovaných cyklodienových zlúčenín [in Czech]
Dieldrin and aldrin in an oil solution were administered per os, at a rate of 7 and 12mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks, to 2 groups of rats and at a rate of 40mg/kg (2/3 of the LD₅₀) in a single dose to a third group. In each case there was an increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase and serum aldolase. Maximum activity was observed 72h following administration of the single dose and the 7th day following administration of repeated doses. After 28 days, enzyme activity had returned to normal. On the basis of these results, the author considers that glutamic pyruvic transaminase and serum aldolase activity may be employed as a useful criterion for evaluating the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the substances in question.
Pracovní lékařství, Jan. 1972, Vol.24, No.1, p.3-7. 18 ref.

CIS 72-2538 Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomer - Lindane
Data sheet. Main physical properties, hazards to health and relevant control measures. The recommended maximal atmospheric concentration (8h) is 0.5mg/m³. Cutaneous absorption can contribute to the overall exposure. Methods of sampling and analysis in air and biological materials are outlined, and advice is given on emergency treatment.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1972, Vol.33, No.1, p.56-59. 17 ref.

CIS 73-1116 Kimbrough R.D.
Toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons and related compounds
The sub-title of this paper is: A review including chlorinated dibenzodioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans. The present study as prompted by the fact that various chlorinated technical compounds (2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorinated biphenyls) were found to be contaminated with trace amounts of chlorinated dibenzofurans or chlorinated dibenzodioxins. These contaminants and other chlorinated compounds can induce various diseases, particularly cloracne which is not uncommon in industry and which is reviewed in the first section of this paper.
Archives of Environmental Health, Aug. 1972, Vol.25, No.2, p.125-131. Illus. 65 ref.

CIS 73-1517 Noweir M.H., Pfitzer E.A., Hatch T.F.
Decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons: A review
A critical review of the literature relating to the decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The results are summarised in 6 tables; the conditions under which decomposition can occur include: heat; heat in the presence of an oxidising agent; heat in the presence of a catalyst; contact with a hot metallic surface; contact with a flame; exposure to ionising radiation; exposure to non-ionising radiation. The conclusions suggested by this extensive study are presented; it appears that carbon tetrachloride produces higher concentrations of phosgene, and that temperature and metal surface are prime factors in the production of phosgene, hydrogen chloride, chlorine and other decomposition products.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1972, Vol.33, No.7, p.454-460. 60 ref.

CIS 73-1094 Azar A.
Experimental human exposure to fluorocarbon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane)
Description of experiments carried out on 2 volunteers with a view to obtaining additional information on the acute toxicity of dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) in the case of single, brief exposures. The subjects were exposed twice to concentrations of 1,000 and 10,000ppm for 2.5h. No adverse effect was noted after exposure to 1,000ppm. Exposures to 10,000ppm resulted in a slight reduction only in psychomotor performance. It was further shown that the compound is rapidly eliminated from the lungs.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1972, Vol.33, No.4, p.207-216. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 73-986 Siyali D.S.
Hexachlorobenzene and other organochloride pesticides in human blood
The concentration of organochlorine compounds with pesticidal activity was determined in the whole blood from 237 subjects in a study to determine normal background levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). 185 of the group had some occupational exposure to these compounds (pesticide sprayers, greenkeepers, pesticide production or packaging workers), and 52 people had no known exposure. None of the subjects showed any apparent signs of intoxication. Nearly all blood specimens examined contained DDT, HCB and other commonly found pesticides in amounts comparable to the levels reported in studies in other countries. However, the majority of specimens contained the fungicide hexachlorobenzene, the presence of which in blood had not been reported previously.
Medical Journal of Australia, 4 Nov. 1972, Vol.59/2, No.19, p.1063-1066. 13 ref.

CIS 73-391
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften
Safety rules for the handling of aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons and their mixtures
Sicherheitsregeln für den Umgang mit aliphatischen Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen und deren Gemischen (CKW-Regeln für den Betrieb) [in German]
Physical and chemical properties; uses; health hazards of skin and eye contact, inhalation and ingestion; poisoning and explosion hazards due to thermal decomposition and chemical conversion. Safety measures: observance of maximum allowable concentrations, marking and labelling, ventilation, correct layout and operation of plant, measures for waste recovery, personal protective equipment, training and instruction. First aid and information for the treating physician. Appendices: properties of commercial chlorinated hydrocarbons, common denominations and trade names, index of specially stabilised trichloroethylenes and trichloroethanes for degreasing aluminium parts.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5 Köln 1, Federal Republic of Germany, June 1972. 13p.

CIS 73-1379 Mullin L.S.
Halogenated hydrocarbon-induced cardiac arrhythmias associated with release of endogenous epinephrine
Certain unsubstituted and halogenated hydrocarbons are known to release endogenous epinephrine and to cause cardiac sensitisation. Experiments were carried out on exercising dogs exposed to known concentrations of flurocarbons 11, 12 and 114; exercise was chosen as a means of increasing the production of epinephrine to a level where cardiac sensitisation could occur. It was found that, whereas fluorocarbons 12 and 114 did produce cardiac sensitisation, a much higher concentration was needed to produce this effect than with intravenous epinephrine administration. Fluorocarbon 11 did not produce the same effect at the test concentrations chosen.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1972, Vol.33, No.6, p.389-396. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 73-1333 Stewart R.D.
Experimental human exposure to methylene chloride
Preliminary report on 4 experimental exposures of 11 subjects to various concentrations of methylene chloride (200-1000ppm) for 1 to 2h. Inhalation of 500 to 1000ppm was followed promptly by a sustained elevation of carboxyhaemoglobin level in all subjects. The evidence suggests that carbon monoxide may be a metabolite of methylene chloride and that exposure to concentrations which do not exceed the TLV (500ppm) may result in carboxyhaemoglobin saturation levels in excess of those permitted in industry from CO exposure alone. In addition, methylene chloride produced symptoms of central nervous system depression at vapour concentrations of 1000ppm, a level which can easily be reached when using methylene chloride paint removers in unventilated premises.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1972, Vol.25, No.5, p.342-348. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1099 DiVicenzo G.D., Yanno F.J., Astill B.D.
Human and canine exposures to methylene chloride vapor
Controlled exposures of 11 volunteers (100-200ppm) and dogs (100-1000ppm) to methylene chloride vapour were carried out to investigate absorption and excretion parameters and to determine the value of biological monitoring techniques (blood, urine and exhaled air) in the study of solvent exposures. The findings are discussed in detail, and conclusions are drawn as regards extrapolation of the results of animal experiments to human exposures and the relevant correction factors.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1972, Vol.33, No.3, p.125-135. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 73-1189 Weichardt H., Lindner J.
Field studies in solvent plants - First report: Measurement techniques for determining solvent concentrations at various trichloroethylene degreasing installations
Felduntersuchungen in Lösungsmittelbetrieben - 1. Mitteilung: Messmethoden zur Überprüfung des MAK-Wertes an verschiedenen Trichloräthylen-Waschanlagen [in German]
Description of a measurement programme for an industrial hygiene survey (solvent analysis; urine, blood and expired-air analysis; measurement of exposure time; continuous and intermittent air sampling and analysis) and of the investigation of open, semi-covered and closed degreasing vats. Following discussion of the measurement methods used (detector tubes, adsorption on activated charcoal, ultraviolet and infrared photometry, gas chromatography), the results of urine, blood and air analyses are reported; these analyses have demonstrated the superiority of closed, automatic installations.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, Nov. 1972, Vol.22, No.11, p.323-332. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 73-976 Ciupe R.
Methods for the gas-chromatographic determination of certain halogenated alkanes
Metode de determinare gazcromatografică a unor halogenuri de alchil [in Romanian]
Description of a new and simple technique for the determination of 4 halogenated alkanes (chloromethane, chloroethane, bromomethane and bromoethane) in air, which combines gas chromatography with a technique for desorption of the sample which has been collected by activated charcoal adsorption. The method is specific, simple and more sensitive than current methods (will measure concentrations of less than 1ppm), and it is particularly suitable for monitoring the atmosphere in industrial chemistry laboratories.
Igiena, July 1972, Vol.21, No.7, p.425-428. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 73-1383 Terrill J.B.
Determination of common fluorocarbon propellants in blood
Description of a quantitative method developed to determine the levels of Freons 11, 12 and 114 in blood. The apparatus and analytical procedure (solvent extraction) enable fluorocarbon blood levels to be determined in the ppm range. The percentage recovery rates of the 3 fluorocarbons and their mixtures from blood are given.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1972, Vol.33, No.6, p.433-435. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 73-1865 Terrill J.B.
Determination of fluorocarbon propellants in blood and animal tissue
A hexane extraction procedure was evaluated for the determination of several common fluorocarbon propellants (dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane and 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoromethane) in blood. Chloropentafluoroethane was evaluated by a different technique. The results indicate that hexane extraction gives significantly low results.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1972, Vol.33, No.11, p.736-744. Illus. 4 ref.

1971

CIS 74-1958 Methyl bromide - Health and safety precautions.
This note briefly describes the physical properties of methyl bromide and its industrial uses, toxic effects and appropriate preventive measures. A threshold limit value of 20ppm by volume of air is given. A method for the detection of methyl bromide is outlined. Brief directions for first aid are also given.
Technical Data Note No.15 (Rev), H.M. Factory Inspectorate, Department of Employment, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1971. 2p. Gratis.

CIS 72-2744 Araki S.
Methyl bromide poisoning: a report based on fourteen cases
Clinical analysis of 14 cases of methyl bromide poisoning, 13 of which occurred during the fumigation of food or wood and 1 during the manufacture of tribromosalucylamide (a process which gives off methyl bromide). Transient hypertension was observed in 5 cases, contracted visual field in 8, and unilateral nerve signs in 3. Five cases resumed normal gait 6-8 months after the onset. Eight cases were chronic, 4 transient and 2 severe.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Nov. 1971, Vol.13, No.6, p.507-513. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 73-1084 Glass W.I., Harris E.A., Whitlock R.M.L.
Phosgene poisoning: Case report
A welder aged 45yrs developed symptoms of acute respiratory distress after welding using the carbon dioxide arc-welding process in the presence of trichloroethylene used as a cleaning agent prior to welding. The disease was diagnosed as phosgene poisoning, the phosgene being formed by the action of the welding arc on the trichloroethylene. The case is described in detail, the physiological studies made in the process of diagnosis are presented and the literature on phosgene poisoning in relation to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
New Zealand Medical Journal, Dec. 1971, Vol.74, No.475, p.386-389. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 73-1335 Kimbrough R.D., Linder R.E., Gaines T.B.
Morphological changes in livers of rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls - Light microscopy and ultrastructure
The toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is briefly reviewed. The effects of 2 PCBs (Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260) were studied on laboratory animals which had been fed from 0 to 1000ppm in their diet. Light and electron microscopic findings in the lever are described in detail; it was found that both compounds have a definite effect on the liver. Porphyria and adenofibrosis were also observed. These findings should lead to a reassessment of the present concept of the toxicity of PCBs.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1972, Vol.25, No.5, p.354-364. Illus. 28 ref.

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