Aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons - 446 entries found

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1986

CIS 86-1224 The design and construction of manifolds using acetylene gas to a maximum working pressure of 25 bar
This code of practice covers all the technical and safety aspects of installations using acetylene gas.
British Compressed Gases Association, 21 St. James's Square, London SW1Y 4JF, United Kingdom, 1986. 23p. Illus. 9 ref. Appendices.

CIS 86-1131 The safe use of acetylene in the pressure range 0-1.5 bar (0-22 lbf/in²)
This code of practice recommends the minimum requirements for the safe supply of acetylene through permanent and non-permanent systems to the point of connection to the blowpipe or other gas-burning device.
British Compressed Gases Association, 21 St. James's Square, London SW1Y 4JF, United Kingdom, 1986. 38p. Illus. 20 ref. Appendices.

CIS 86-1070 Kauppinen T.P., Partanen T.J., Nurminen M.M., Nickels J.I., Hernberg S.G., Hakulinen T.R., Pukkala E.I., Savonen E.T.
Respiratory cancers and chemical exposures in the wood industry: a nested case-control study
This case-control study involved 3805 men who had worked at least 1yr in the particleboard, plywood, sawmill or formaldehyde glue industries between 1944 and 1965, and who were then followed up until 1981. No relationship was found between exposure to wood dust and respiratory cancer, though significantly raised odds ratios were observed for exposures to pesticides and/or phenol present in wood dust. Exposure to terpenes and other products of the heating of coniferous woods was associated with a risk of respiratory cancer when the length of exposure exceeded 5yr.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1986, Vol.43, No.2, p.84-90. 27 ref.

1985

CIS 89-72 Ethylene
Eteeni [in Finnish]
Chemical safety information sheet. Highly flammable gas. Liquefied ethylene can cause frostbites; asphyxiant. Mandatory European labelling: F, R13, S9, S16, S33.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, May 1985. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 88-1642 Hernández Plaza J.L.
Liquefied petroleum gases - Standards and safety
Gases licuados del petróleo - Normativa y seguridad [in Spanish]
Assessment of the risks associated with the handling, storage and use of liquefied petroleum gases, particularly butane and propane. Characteristics, properties and uses of the gases are described. It is stressed that they are not toxic but that they can cause asphyxiation by oxygen displacement, or by its consumption when the hydrocarbon is burned off in closed quarters without an air outlet. Recommendations are made concerning ventilation, distance from heat sources and the need to use airtight or standardised flexible tubing in order to avoid decomposition. Spanish legislation and safety regulations regarding installations for these gases are discussed.
Mapfre seguridad, 1st Quarter 1985, Vol.5, No.17, p.43-49. Illus.

CIS 88-143 Vinylnorbornene
Chemical safety information sheet. No established exposure limits. Toxicity: LC₅₀ (inhalation, mouse) = 0.018µg/L; is absorbed through skin.
In: EPA Chemical Profiles, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 20460, USA, Dec. 1985. 3p.

CIS 88-76 Butane
Butaani [in Finnish]
Butane is an extremely flammable gas (TLV = 800ppm), which can form explosive mixtures with air. The liquid can cause chemical burns. Asphyxiant. Mandatory European labelling: F, R13, S9, S16, S33.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, May 1985. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 87-274 Vasiljanskij N.P., Skljarov L.A., Kočerga V.N.
Protecting buildings against the entry of methane
Zaščita zdanij ot proniknovenija v nih metana [in Russian]
Measurements conducted during the construction of an industrial building on the site of a former peat bog showed that dangerous amounts of methane were being liberated by the ground. Protective measures proposed for preventing methane build-up in and around the building include: laying a gas-impermeable floor over a layer of gravel; putting openings in the floor that communicate with an exhaust system that discharges above the roof; ensuring that the ventilation system renews the air in the building at least once every hour; surround the building with gravel beds or ventilation channels and collecting pipes; monitor the methane and carbon monoxide levels in the collectors around the building before permitting people to enter and begin work.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Oct. 1985, No.10, p.50-51.

CIS 86-1881 Cyclopentane
Aspects covered in this data sheet: chemical identity; exposure limits; physicochemical properties; fire and explosion hazards; reactivity; health hazards; uses; handling of spills or releases.
In: EPA Chemical Profiles, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 20460, USA, Dec. 1985. 3p.

CIS 86-1584 Butadiene
Aspects covered in this data sheet: chemical identity; exposure limits; physicochemical properties; fire and explosion hazards; reactivity; health hazards; uses; handling of spills or releases.
In: EPA Chemical Profiles, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 20460, USA, Dec. 1985. 4p.

CIS 86-1313 De Lange H.
Storage and use of natural gas and LPG in industry
Stockage et emploi du gaz naturel et des GPL dans l'industrie [in French]
This supplement covers the hazards of storage and utilisation of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), as well as appropriate preventive measures. Contents: supply and storage; distribution networks for interior installations; equipment using these gases and their environment; emergency measures to take in the case of leaks and fires; regulations in force in Belgium.
Promosafe, Jan.-Feb. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.65-97. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 86-1293 Illing H.P.A., Shillaker R.O.
Health and Safety Executive
1,3-butadiene and related compounds
This toxicity review deals with butadiene, its dimer 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene and its metabolites. It covers: identity; disposition and metabolism of butadiene and its dimer in animals and man; toxicity in animals (acute toxicity (very low); skin and eye irritation; subacute and subchronic toxicity; mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; effects on the reproductive system); toxicity to man (acute and irritant effects; long-term health effects; results from mortality studies). Extensive tables present the results of animal tests.
H.M. Stationery Office, 49 High Holborn, London WC1V 6HB, United Kingdom, 1985. 34p. Illus. 160 ref. Price: £3.60.

CIS 86-1098 Timofievskaja L.A., Ivanova N.I., Govorčenko V.I., Germanova A.L., Mel'nikova L.V., Bedevkina M.V.
Toxicological characteristics of methylacetylene-allene fraction
Toksikologičeskaja harakteristika metilacetilen-allenovoj frakcii [in Russian]
A standard battery of tests on animals showed that methylacetylene-allene fraction (MAF), a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons containing 25.7% propane, 2.1% propylene, 1% butane, 0.3% butylene, 25.6% allene (propadiene), 0.2% divinyl and 45% methylacetylene (propyne), is primarily a narcotic, although it also has mild irritant and hepatotoxic effects. Given the highly dangerous nature of MAF, as well as the existing MACs for some of its constituents (300mg/m³ for the saturated hydrocarbons and 100mg/m³ for divinyl), the odour threshold of MAF (400mg/m³) and other data, a MAC of 300mg/m³ (135mg/m³ as methylacetylene) was recommended. The value has been confirmed by the USSR Ministry of Health.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1985, No.3, p.46-47. 1 ref.

CIS 86-612 Kačan V.N., Jakovlev V.S., Makal'skij L.M.
Danger of electrified dust aerosols
Opasnost' ėlektrozarjažennogo pylevogo aerozolja [in Russian]
The breaking up of rocks, as in mechanised coal mining, is accompanied by the formation of electrified dust aerosols. Corona discharges between electrified aerosols or between aerosol clouds and earthed bodies (metal objects, roofs, etc.) can, under certain conditions, cause an explosion of methane or airborne flammable dust. Criteria for the assessment of hazards due to electrostatic fields generated by the flow of electrified aerosols are the maximum allowable voltage (for corona discharges) and the potential of the field in the workings (for spark discharges). A calculation formula for maximum field potential is given. Initial data (total and specific charge of a dust cloud, dimensions and density of the cloud) and the estimated danger of methane or coal-dust explosion are tabulated.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, June 1985, No.6, p.37-38. Illus.

CIS 86-675
(Institut national de recherche et de sécurité)
Acetylene
Acétylène [in French]
Contents of this data sheet: synonyms; production and uses; physical and chemical properties; storage; methods of detection and determination in air; fire hazards (extremely flammable); pathology and toxicology (experimental toxicity, acute and chronic toxicity in man); French regulations concerning occupational health and safety, environmental protection and transport; international regulations concerning transport; technical and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1985, No.121, p.601-604. 15 ref.

CIS 86-341
(Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung)
Technical rules on compressed gases
Technische Regeln Druckgase (TRG) [in German]
Notification of the new edition (Nov. 1985) of technical rules TRG 311 - specifications relating to pressure vessels - Acetylene bottles (definitions of scope and of technical terms; required characteristics of the bottles, porous packing, solvents and equipment; labelling; use of acetylene bottles; list of approved packing).
Bundesarbeitsblatt, Nov. 1985, No.11, p.55-61.

CIS 86-402 Hass U., Ladefoged O.
Nordic expert group for documentation of exposure limits - 61. Deodorised kerosene
Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation - 61. Redestilleret petroleum (Fotogen) [in Danish]
The chemical composition of deodorised kerosene depends on the refining method used and the geographical origin of the crude oil. The deodorised kerosene considered in this report has a boiling range of 190-260°C and a total aromatic content <5%. Exposure to low concentrations of white spirit (40-100ppm) affects central nervous system (CNS) functions and causes irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. The same effects can be expected from deodorised kerosene. Dermal exposure produces irritation. Long-term exposure to deodorised kerosene (C₁₀-C₁₂ isoparaffin) may produce mild tubular damage in male rats. Epidemiologic studies indicate that long-term exposure to white spirit may cause irreversible toxic damage to the CNs; the same effect can be expected from deodorised kerosene. The acute CNS effects and the irritation of mucous membranes should be the basis for discussions on the occupational exposure limit for deodorised kerosene, although the other effects should be taken into consideration.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, July 1985. 40p. Illus. 62 ref.

CIS 85-1664 Perbellini L., Brugnone F., Caretta D., Maranelli G.
Partition coefficients of some industrial aliphatic hydrocarbons (C5-C7) in blood and human tissues
The knowledge of blood/air and human tissue/air partition coefficients is important in the understanding of the pharmacokinetics, body burden and physiopathological effects of these substances. This study reports these coefficients for certain solvents (n-pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, 3-methylhexane and n-heptane). The tissues considered were the lung, heart, muscle, fat, brain, kidney, and liver collected from 2 cadavers with no histological abnormalities. Blood/air partition coefficients were significantly correlated with the tissue/air partition coefficients. The mean solubility of the 9 solvents was higher than in blood in all the tissues studied, with the factors ranging from 1.4 (lungs) to 205(fat).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1985, Vol.42, No.3, p.162-167. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 85-1398 Dillon L.G., Obasuyi E.
Permeation of hexane through Butyl Nomex
The permeation rate of hexane through the polymeric material Butyl Nomex was determined at 22.5°C and 45°C using an ASTM cell and a gas chromatograph. Breakthrough times were 21 min at 22.5°C and 10 min at 45°C. Steady-state flow through the material was 0.095µg/cm².sec at 22.5°C and 0.37µg/cm².sec at 45°C.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1985, Vol.46, No.5, p.233-235. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 85-1027
Fire Protection Association
Neopentane (cylinders)
Contents of this data sheet: hazards of neopentane (highly flammable, mildly anaesthetic); precautions; fire fighting; physicochemical properties.
Fire Prevention, Apr. 1985, No.178, p.49-50.

CIS 85-1007 Easley L.D., Suggs H.J.
The effect of low flowrates on the collection efficiency of hexane on charcoal
A calibrated mixture of 689ppm n-hexane in nitrogen was passed through charcoal tubes (200, 250, 300 and 400mg of SKC coconut shell activated charcoal in 7.62mm ID Pyrex tubes) at flowrates ranging from 290 to 6670mL/min until the tubes were saturated and breakthrough occurred. No significant differences were found in collection efficiencies between flowrates in the laminar, transition or turbulent modes.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1985, Vol.46, No.3, p.150-153. Illus. 15 ref.

1984

CIS 86-810 Magrini R.O.
Occupational safety in oxy-acetylene welding operations
Segurança do trabalho nas operações de solda oxiacetilênica [in Portuguese]
This manual, written for OSH specialists, covers in detail the physical and chemical processes involved in oxy-acetylene welding, the main hazards encountered when using acetylene (explosions, asphyxiation) or pure oxygen (explosions, high reactivity), and it provides detailed technical descriptions of appropriate preventive measures and equipment.
Fundacentro, C.P. 11484, CEP 05499 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 1984. 66p. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 86-460 Saharova L.N., Katkova S.E., Novikov P.G.
Toxicology and clinical aspects of cyclohexanone
Nekotorye voprosy toksikologii i kliniki ciklogeksanona [in Russian]
The synthesis of cyclohexanone is accompanied by the formation of by-products - an alcohol fraction (hazard class III according to USSR State Standard GOST 12.1.007-76) and X oil (class IV). Among chemicals (unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) emitted during the manufacture and use of cyclohexanone, cyclohexene is the most toxic substance. It is a volatile substance with strong toxic and narcotic effects, and causes vascular disorders. The approved tentative safe exposure level for cyclohexene is 16mg/m³. Some preventive measures including sealing of equipment and monitoring of all chemicals are recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Nov. 1984, No.11, p.47-50. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 85-1526 Robinson C., Smith D.B.
The auto-ignition temperature of methane
An improved testing method, different from the ASTM D2155 and E659 standards, is described. A minimum auto-ignition temperature (AIT) of 600°C for a 7% methane-in-air mixture is reported, the accepted ASTM AIT being 540°C. The effects of the test conditions (reaction cell volume and wall material) are discussed.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jan. 1984, Vol.8, No.3, p.199-203. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 85-1684 Hedenstierna G., Alexandersson R., Rosén G., Wimander K., Randma E.
Subjective complaints and lung function in occupational exposure to the fumes arising in sawing
Subjektiva besvär och lungfunktion vid yrkesmässig exponering för sågångor [in Swedish]
48 sawmill workers exposed to terpenes (mean value 254 mg/m³ α-pinene + delta-carene) and 46 non-exposed local controls were studied with regard to symptoms and pulmonary function. Dyspnoea was significantly more common in exposed subjects than in controls. Reduced FEV₁, an increased closing volume and a slope in the alveolar plateau (phase III) on single-breath nitrogen washout were seen on the Monday morning after 2 days off work. The degree of impairment in pulmonary function could not be correlated to the duration of employment. No further change in pulmonary function was found after a day of occupational exposure to terpenes. The findings point to slight, obstructive but rather stable impairment of pulmonary function.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 20p. 16 ref.

CIS 85-1667 Ladefoged O., Boland Prior M.
(Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation)
Petrol
Motorbensin [in Swedish]
A survey and evaluation of the relevant literature to serve as the basis for esstimating an occupational exposure limit. The chemical composition of petrol (gasoline) depends on refinery methods, the geographical origin of the crude oil and the additives used. Exposure to a high concentration has a narcotic effect, whereas exposure to lower concentrations causes skin, eye, nose and throat irritation. Epidemiologic and case studies indicate that long-term exposure may have toxic effects and the irritation of mucous membranes serve as background to discussions on occupational exposure limits. Moreover, the benzene, n-hexane and organic lead contents should be taken into consideration when the standard is set.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 70p. 139 ref.

CIS 85-1695 Mahmoud G., Lachapelle J.M.
Study of the effectiveness of an anti-solvent protective gel against skin irritation caused by n-hexane
Etude de l'efficacité d'un gel de protection anti-solvants, vis-à-vis de l'irritation cutanée provoquée par le n-hexane [in French]
Experiment involving guinea-pigs: an anti-solvent gel (Antixol) was applied to a part of the skin subsequently exposed to n-hexane. Skin biopsies showed damage to the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles in areas of the skin not covered by the gel. Advantages of the gel when compared with gloves, or with creams or gels designed as protection against organic solvents; effectiveness of the gel studied and need for tests in the workplace.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1984, Vol.45, No.4, p.233-237. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 85-1212 Petroleum ether
Ether de pétrole (ou essence G) [in French]
Data sheet issued by the French national fire safety organisation. Contents: physical and chemical properties; synonyms; physiological hazards; permissible levels in workplace air; fire and explosion hazards. Preventive measures: avoidance of liquid spillage or fume evaporation into open air; elimination of ignition risks; removal and separation of storage areas; quantity limitation in the same room; effective fire extinguishing agents. French regulations relating to the protection of workers and of the population at large; transportation; insurance.
Face au risque, Nov. 1984, No.207, p.55-58. 8 ref.

CIS 85-1304 Tihonova G.P.
Toxicity, biotransformation and biological effects of n-hexane (literature review)
O toksičnosti, biotransformacii i haraktere biologičeskogo dejstvija n-geksana (obzor literatury) [in Russian]
Experiments on chronic exposure to n-hexane show that it should be classified among the more harmful substances on account of its properties, such as high volatility, high solubility in lipids, ability to yield, on oxidation, toxic metabolites that interact with cell proteins and enzymes and cumulative effects. Experimental data obtained recently provide new facts for the differentiation of occupational hygiene standards for saturated hydrocarbons.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Mar. 1984, No.3, p.38-40. 27 ref.

CIS 85-759 Mutti A., Falzoi M., Lucertini S., Arfini G., Zignani M., Lombardi S., Franchini I.
n-Hexane metabolism in occupationally exposed workers
This study was conducted on 10 workers in a shoe factory. The n-hexane concentrations in the workplace air ranged from 8-1143mg/m³ over 8h, with a median concentration of 243mg/m³. Alveolar retention of n-hexane was about 25%, corresponding to a lung uptake of 17%. Post-exposure alveolar excretion (monitored for 6h) was about 10% of the total uptake. The main metabolites of n-hexane were determined in urine samples collected before, at the end, and 15h after the work shift. Urinary concentrations were low, though related to original n-hexane concentrations in air. The best estimate of overall exposure was provided by end-of-shift concentrations of 2,5-hexanedione, 3mg/g creatinine of which would correspond to ab. 50ppm of n-hexane in air (mean daily exposure).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1984, Vol.41, No.4, p.533-538. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 85-414 Isoprene
Isoprène [in French]
Contents of this data sheet: chemical and physical properties; manufacture; synonyms and formula; toxicity; fire and explosion hazards; preventive measures (elimination of the danger of spills and of the release of fumes into open air, elimination of ignition sources, separation and minimisation of risks); fire-fighting agents; regulations in France; labelling; protection of workers and of the general population; transportation; insurance.
Face au risque, Aug.-Sep. 1984, No.205, p.85-88. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 85-12 Lietze D.
High-pressure acetylene - quick shut-off device
Hochdruckacetylen - Schnellschlusseinrichtung [in German]
According to the technical regulations in effect in the Federal Republic of Germany relating to acetylene installations and calcium carbide storage containers (TRAC 206 and 207), the high-pressure line from an acetylene cylinder battery must have a quick shut-off device ahead of the main pressure-reducing valve. Specifications, TRAC regulations on typical compliance tests and description of various models and improvements. Devices which, in addition, act as mechanical detonation arresters are described, accompanied by construction diagrams and test results. A modified construction geometry is suggested that would make the installation of these devices easier.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, Oct. 1984, No.10, p.10-16. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 84-1204 Potapov A.Ju.
Retarding the detonation of acetylene and acetylene-oxygen mixtures by passage through narrow apertures
Zaderžka detonacii acetilena i acetileno-kislorodnyh smesej pri prohoždenii čerez uzkie otverstija [in Russian]
Previous studies have shown that a perforated diaphragm in a pipe carrying acetylene or acetylene-oxygen mixtures will retard the propagation of a flame and improve the effectiveness of a fast-acting valve installed as a flame arrestor. Quantitative measurements of this retardation have now been made under laboratory conditions, to determine the dependence of the retardation on the dimensions of the hole in the diaphragm and on the composition and pressure of the gas. These relations are shown by graphs and equations.
Himičeskoe i neftjanoe mašinostroenie, Jan. 1984, No.1, p.10-11. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 84-908 Lietze D.
Flame arresters for compressed acetylene
Zerfallsperre für Hochdruck-Acetylen [in German]
In the high-pressure part of acetylene production and transfer installations, one must guard against the possibility of a decomposition reaction and detonation in case of combustion. Safety seals are described, combined with flame arresters made of sintered metal and aluminium deflectors, and with check valves; operating principles, construction design, test results according to the number of sintered-metal disks in the flame arrester, the placement of the seal relative to the acetylene bottle, and the level of decompression due to the sintered metal are also described.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, Apr. 1984, No.4, p.36-39. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 84-1001 1,3-Butadiene
Inhalation exposure of rats and mice to 1,3-butadiene (BD) at 625-8000ppm induced a carcinogenic response at multiple sites. Offspring of pregnant rats exposed to BD at 8000ppm had major skeletal defects, and foetal toxicity was observed after exposure at 200-8000ppm. Workers employed in facilities producing styrene-butadiene rubber showed an increased, but not statistically significant, risk of mortality from neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues and from leukaemia. BD should be regarded as a potential occupational carcinogen and teratogen and a possible reproductive hazard.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIOSH, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, 9 Feb. 1984. 18p. 32 ref.

CIS 84-307
Commission for the Prevention of Disasters caused by Dangerous Substances (Commissie Preventie van Rampen door Gevaarlijke Stoffen)
Propane - Use of propane on construction sites
Propaan - Het gebruik van propaan op bouwterreinen [in Dutch]
Contents of these directives: physical properties of propane; uses on construction sites; first aid; organisation of emergency services; construction of fixed and mobile tanks and of their valves and fittings (maximum capacity, pressure, temperature, materials, welds, connections, testing, etc.); safety measures (siting of the tank, electrical equipment and danger zones, safe distances, etc.); responsibilities and organisation of the use of propane. In appendices: model installation manual; check list; competent authorities and Dutch regulations; procedure for emptying a tank.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Postbus 69, 2270 MA Voorburg, Netherlands, Jan. 1984. 101p. Illus.

1983

CIS 86-721 Basic safety rules for the industrial handling of cyclohexane
Reglas básicas de seguridad para el manejo de ciclohexano en la industria [in Spanish]
Aspects covered in this booklet: properties; description of the cyclohexane production process; personal protective equipment; description of the tasks related to cyclohexane production; training of workers, fire emergency responses; first aid; general health care considerations. A second booklet using the comic strip format to popularise the information is included.
Petróleos Mexicanos, Av. Marina Nacional No.329, Edif. A. Colonia Huasteca, México, D.F., C.P. 11311, Mexico, 1983, 25p. Illus.

CIS 85-1901 Font Cierco J., Virgili Moya A., de March Centelles P., Velasco Ortega J.
Experiments in the identification of cholinesterase inhibitors in technical hexane
Ensayos de identificación de las anticolinesterasas en hexano comercial [in Spanish]
Chromatographic analysis of technical hexane revealed the presence of significant amounts of cholinesterase inhibitors, which probably account for the neurological damage in shoe workers who use technical hexane as a solvent.
Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 1983, No.83, p.32-37. Illus.

CIS 85-1737 Halton D.M.
Photocopiers - do they pose a health hazard?
Photocopieurs - présentent-ils des dangers pour la santé? [in French]
When installling and using photocopying machines special attention should be given to: 1) the refilling and disposal techniques for toner in dry machines (air vented from the machine into the copier room should be filtered); 2) the levels of isodecane produced by machines using a liquid toner; 3) the levels of ozone produced by any type of photocopier (the availability of charcoal ozone filters should be explored); 4) the heat and noise levels; 5) the possibility of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 1H6, Apr. 1983. 23p. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 85-1022 Mańkowska W., Kijeńska D.
Determination of butadiene concentration in air by gas chromatography
Oznaczanie stężenia butadienu w powietrzu metodą chromatografii gazowej [in Polish]
Two methods of gas chromatographic analysis were developed to determine butadiene in air. The 1st involves the use of a 3m column of dimethylsulphonal on Chromosorb P and a thermoconductimetric detector, and the other, a 3m column of Reoplex 400 on alumina and a flame ionisation detector. Butadiene can be determined directly from the gas sample within 7h after sample collection, later on from a solvent-enriched sample. It was possible to determine butadiene at 0.3 times the TLV.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1983, Vol.33, No.118, p.151-158. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 84-1344 Iwata M., Takeuchi Y., Hisanaga N., Ono Y.
Changes of n-hexane metabolites in urine of rats exposed to various concentrations of n-hexane and to its mixture with toluene or MEK
Rats were exposed to concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 or 3000ppm n-hexane for 8h daily. Metabolites found in the urine were 2,5-dimethylfuran, methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK), 2-hexanol, 2,5-hexanedione, and γ-valerolactone. 2-Hexanol was excreted mainly during exposure and 2,5-hexanedione mainly after exposure. Metabolite excretion increased proportionately from 100 to 1000ppm, and then reached a plateau. Groups of rats were exposed to 1000ppm n-hexane, alone or combined with 1000ppm toluene or with 1000ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Metabolite distribution was similar to that found in the first experiment. Excretion of n-hexane fell by one-sixth in coexposure with toluene and by one-quarter in coexposure with MEK. Implications for the neurotoxicity of n-hexane are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nov. 1983, Vol.53, No.1, p.1-8. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 84-781 Raje R.R.
In vitro toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione using isolated perfused rabbit heart
Heart rate, force of contraction and coronary flow were measured during perfusion of n-hexane at a concentration of 9.6mg/l and 2,5-hexanedione at 0.2 and 0.35%. Perfusion for 1h significantly reduced the force of cardiac contraction. Histopathological damage was observed.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 1983, Vol.11, No.4-6, p.879-884. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 84-744 Iwata M., Takeuchi Y., Hisanaga N., Ono Y.
A study on biological monitoring of n-hexane exposure
The urine of 22 exposed workers from 7 factories manufacturing vinyl sandals was monitored for n-hexane metabolites. Mean post-shift measurements were: 2,5-dimethylfuran 0.21mg/l, 2,5-hexanedione 1.13mg/l, γ-valerolactone 2.04mg/l. The metabolites were also found in the morning urine. The relation between TWA concentration of n-hexane and urinary 2,5-hexanedione was significant. These metabolites, especially 2,5-hexanedione, are useful indicators for biological monitoring of n-hexane exposure.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 1983, Vol.51, No.4, p.253-260. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 84-742 Hedenstierna G., Alexandersson R., Wimander K., Rosén G.
Exposure to terpenes: Effects on pulmonary function
48 exposed (mean atmospheric concentration 258mg/m³) and 47 unexposed controls at 2 sawmills were studied. Dyspnoea and tightness of the chest were significantly increased in the exposed subjects. Forced expiratory volume was reduced, and closing volume and slope of the alveolar plateau (phase III) on single breath nitrogen washout were increased on Monday morning before exposure. There was no correlation between length of exposure and lung function impairment. A day of exposure to terpenes did not further change the lung function findings. An additive effect of smoking and exposure to terpenes was suggested.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Mar. 1983, Vol.51, No.3, p.191-198. 14 ref.

CIS 83-1812
(Commissie Preventie van Rampen door Gevaarlijke Stoffen)
Liquefied petroleum gas - Filling stations for motor vehicles (LPG stations)
LPG - Afleverinstallaties voor motorvoertuigen (LPG-stations) [in Dutch]
Contents of these directives: definitions; physical, chemical and toxicological properties of propane and butane; first aid in case of accident; organisation of first aid and rescue; competent authorities and Dutch legislation; design of stationary tanks and their accessories (below-ground and above-ground tanks, piping, pumps, materials); safety measures (distances, fire protection, exclusion of unauthorised persons, cathodic protection, grounding (earthing), electrical equipment); layout of a filling station (illustrations); operation. In appendices: example of a first aid and rescue plan; steps to follow in the opening and purging of tanks; putting a filling station into operation; check list.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Postbus 69, 2270 MA Voorburg, Netherlands, 1983. 116p. Illus.

CIS 83-1965 Carlomagno S., D'Angeli A., Menegozzo M.
n-Hexane-induced polyneuropathy in the shoe and leather industries: modifications in its clinical features and epidemiology following partial measures of primary prevention
Polineuropatia da n-esano nell'industria calzaturiera e pelletiera: modificazioni del quadro clinico-epidemiologico a fronte di parziali misure di prevenzione primaria [in Italian]
A study of 15 cases of neuropathy in an Italian shoe and leather-goods factory, occurring in the period 1975-1980. Data were collected on symptoms, length of disease, factory output, concentration of various chemicals in the air of the factory (compared with their TLV's). Polyneuropathy, due to the presence of n-hexane in the air, disappeared once preventive measures eliminated its cause.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1983, Vol.74, No.2, p.111-122. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 83-1911 Lauwerys R., Buchet J.P., Bouchez J.M., Herbrand J.
Evaluation of a passive dosimeter for quantitating the exposure of workers to n-hexane and tetrachloroethylene
Evaluation d'un dosimètre passif pour apprécier l'exposition de travailleurs au n-hexane et au tétrachloréthylène [in French]
Exposure of workers to n-hexane or to tetrachloroethylene was determined by 2 methods of air sampling and the results were compared. A passive dosimeter (3M Organic Vapor Monitor) and a carbon-tube sampler attached to a portable pump were used. The results obtained with the passive dosimeter correlated well with those obtained with the dynamic system: the correlation coefficient was 0.79 for n-hexane (33 measurements) and 0.89 for tetrachloroethylene (13 measurements).
Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1983, Vol.22, No.2, p.129-130. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 83-21
Fire Protection Association
Isobutane (cylinders)
Uses; hazards (highly flammable gas; heavier than air and collects at low levels; readily forms explosive mixtures with air; may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back; cylinders are liable to explode if they are involved in a fire; gas has anaesthetic properties which may be serious at high concentrations; it is liquefied in the cylinder and prolonged contact with skin causes frostbite); precautions (storage, marking; removal of spills; no smoking or naked lights; storage premises should be unheated; cylinders should not be dropped; electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres should be installed (reference to pertinent British standards)); fire fighting; U.K. regulations; physical and chemical properties.
Fire Prevention, Jan.-Feb. 1983, No.156, p.49-50.

1982

CIS 87-793 Butane
Butaani [in Finnish]
This material safety data sheet contains information on product classification, fire and explosive behaviour, means to diminish exposure, emergency treatment and waste disposal. Butane is an extremely flammable liquefied gas. Harmful, anaesthetic, usually acute effects by inhalation (TLV = 2350mg/m³). Mandatory European labelling: F, R13, S9, S16, S33.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, May 1982. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 87-774 Acetylene
Asetyleeni [in Finnish]
Acetylene is an extremely flammable gas, which very easily reacts with other chemicals, for instance violently with chlorine. Irritates the eyes in higher concentrations (>10%). Slightly narcotic effects at 10% concentration. Higher concentrations cause oxygen deficiency leading to choking. Mandatory European labelling: F, R5, R6, R12, S9, S16, S33.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, June 1982. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 84-1811 Heydaker A.
Safety in workplaces using acetylene
Segurança nas oficinas que utilizam o acetileno [in Portuguese]
This is the Portuguese adaptation of an article originally published in French by Société Air Liquide. It covers: uses and properties of acetylene; proper storage and use.
Prevenção no trabalho, Jan.-Feb. 1982, Vol.5, No.52, p.8-11. Illus.

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