Acrylates - 171 entries found

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1989

CIS 90-846 Kanerva L., Estlander T., Jolanki R.
Allergic contact dermatitis from dental composite resins due to aromatic epoxy acrylates and aliphatic acrylates
Seven patients were occupationally sensitised to dental composite resin products (DCR): 6 dental nurses and 1 dentist. All had a positive patch test to their DCR. Two independent types of allergy were seen: (a) aromatic epoxy acrylate and/or (b) aliphatic acrylates. Four out of 5 patients reacted to BIS-GMA, the most widely used aromatic epoxy acrylate in DCR, but not the dentist. She and 2 dental nurses were allergic to aliphatic acrylates, including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TREGDMA) and triethylene diglycol diacrylate (TREGDA). Four patients were allergic to epoxy resin (ER) (containing mainly MW 340), possibly an impurity in some DCR. Two patients were also allergic to methyl methacrylate (MMA): the dentist had been exposed to MMA but the nurse's exposure was uncertain. One patient was also allergic to rubber gloves, 2 to rubber chemicals but not their gloves, and 5 to disinfectants used. Diagnosis was delayed as long as 13yrs in spite of previous patch testing. Dermatologists need to use the patient's own DCR and the (meth)acrylate series for patch testing. Dental personnel need to know about the risks of DCR, and use no-touch techniques and protective gloves.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1989, Vol.20, No.3, p.201-211. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 89-1862 Collins J.J., Page L.C., Caporossi J.C., Utidjian H.M., Saipher J.N.
Mortality patterns among men exposed to methyl methacrylate
A cohort of 2,671 men from two plants, 1,561 of whom were exposed to methyl methacrylate, was observed from 1951 to 1983 for mortality. This study utilises detailed exposure estimates and smoking status to evaluate mortality patterns. No statistically significant excess all-cause or cause-specific mortality were found. Analysis of dose of methyl methacrylate with several cancer sites showed no trend. The study results and results from animal studies do not support the hypothesis that methyl methacrylate is a human carcinogen.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1989, Vol.31, No.1, p.41-46. 14 ref.

1988

CIS 89-1975 Askergren A., Beving H., Hagman M., Kristensson J., Linroth K., Vesterberg O., Wennberg A.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet
Biological effects of exposure to water-based and solvent-based paints in painters
Biologiska effekter av exponering för vattenbaserade och lösningsmedelsbaserade färger hos målare [in Swedish]
Two groups of house painters exposed to solvent-based and water-based paints were examined with respect to health, renal function, nervous system function and some haematological parameters. The painters were compared to a non-exposed reference group of brick-layers. The group most exposed to solvent-based paints displayed signs of peripheral nervous system impairment which was not noted in the group most exposed to water-based paints. Some effects on renal function were found in the two painter groups, similar to those previously reported for other solvent exposure. Haematological examinations showed some but not similar effects in the two painter groups. The difference might be due to differences in exposure between the two groups.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1988. 64p. Illus. 62 ref.

1987

CIS 01-1615 Methyl acrylate
Acrylate de méthyle [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 83-1028. Synonym: methyl-2-propionate. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin, eye and mucous membranes; rapid absorption through intact skin; pulmonary oedema; neurological signs and respiratory disorders with cyanosis (ingestion). Chronic toxicity: skin diseases; tracheobronchitis; sensitization; hepatic and renal damage. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 35mg/m³ (10ppm); ceiling value = 50mg/m³ (15ppm). Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2000. 4p. 12 ref.

CIS 89-539 Bitkina A.V., Šugaev B.B.
Basis for a maximum allowable concentration for vinyloxyethyl-methacrylate in workplace air
K obosnovaniju predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii viniloksiėtilmetakrilata v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Animal experiments were performed to study the toxicity and action of vinyloxyethyl methacrylate (VOEM) on single and repeated administration by different routes (inhalation, intragastric intake, through skin). VOEM concentration 100mg/m³ in air is close to the threshold of chronic action. The recommended MAC of 20mg/m³ (vapours, hazard class 4) has been adopted as a standard.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1987, No.2, p.45-46. 1 ref.

CIS 89-538 Hizgijaev V.I.
Experience of prophylaxis of occupational skin lesions in workers engaged in manufacture of large sized objects from polyester fibre glass
Opyt profilaktiki professional'nyh poraženij koži u rabočih v proizvodstve krupnogabaritnyh izdelij iz poliėfirnyh stekloplastikov [in Russian]
The conditions of work in the manufacture of large-sized objects from glass fibre-reinforced polyester include application of manual labour, continuous exposure to a complex of chemical substances and the risk of developing occupational skin diseases. Application of low-volatility components in binders (styrene-free accelerator BNK-2 instead of styrene accelerator in the formula) permitted an improvement in working conditions and protection against skin diseases.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1987, No.2, p.44-45. Illus.

1986

CIS 88-1095 Butyl acrylate
Butyyliakrylaatti [in Finnish]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limit (8h, skin) = 55mg/m³. The liquid irritates the skin, the eyes and the mucous membranes. Can be absorbed through skin. Inhalation of the vapour highly irritates the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can cause dyspnoea and emphysema. Long term exposure can sensitise the skin. Mandatory European labelling: XI, R10, R36, R37, R38, R43, S9, S101.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, Feb. 1986. 2p. Original on microfiche.

CIS 87-1378 Nethercott J.R., Nosal R.
Contact dermatitis in printing tradesmen
During a 2-year period in Toronto, Canada, 21 printing tradesmen with contact dermatitis were evaluated. 67% had allergic contact dermatitis; 29% due to ultraviolet-cured ink components. Irritant contact dermatitis accounted for 33% of the cases. The prognosis in printing tradesmen with contact deratitis is guarded, except for those with allergic contact dermatitis due to UV-cured components, as the tradesmen who were sensitised to other contactants eventually left the trade. Offset lithography was associated with the problem in 18 of the 21 cases. A brief outline is given of the printing processes in common use.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1986, Vol.14, No.5, p.280-287. 20 ref.

CIS 87-618 Maurice P.D.L., Rycroft R.J.
Allergic contact dermatitis from UV-curing acrylate in the manufacture of optical fibres
Case report of acute dermatitis in a man who handled the acrylates used to coat optical fibres. The sensitising potential of ultraviolet curing acrylates has long been recognised in the printing and electronics industry, but this is the first report of acrylate dermatitis in the official fibre industry.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1986, Vol.15, No.2, p.92-93. 8 ref.

CIS 87-256 Rajaniemi R.
Clinical evaluation of occupational toxicity of methylmethacrylate monomer to dental technicians
A questionnaire study revealed that 34% of the Finnish dental technicians who are frequently in contact with this monomer suffered from dermatitis and that 25% of them complain of finger numbing, sensations of coldness and whitening of exposed skin areas. 15 cases were examined by routing neurophysiological techniques: reduced sensory conduction velocities in the finger nerves were correlated with the reported numbness. While the neurophysiological findings did not correlate with dermatitis, the diminution of the conduction velocity was occasionally associated with a decreased amplitude of sensory action potentials. The neurological complaints were more common among those with a longer career and heavier exposure to the monomer.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Summer 1986, Vol.36, No.2, p.56-59. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 86-1353 Kuželová M., Kovařík J., Popler A., Šalandová J., Fiedlerová D., Hlavová S., Čihař M.
Occupational health problems in the production and processing of methyl methacrylate. II. The state of health of exposed workers
Pracovnělékařská problematika při výrobě a zpracování metylmetakrylátu. II. Zdravotní stav exponovaných pracovníků [in Czech]
A sample of 35 men and 28 women exposed to methyl methacrylate (MMA) was monitored during production and processing of the compound. Mean age of the workers was 46.6 years, mean exposure time 10.1 years. The whole-shift concentration of MMA in workplace air was 30-300mg/m³. Neither internal nor laboratory examinations showed deviations in the workers' state of health attributable to MMA. Three workers had allergic contact eczema due to sensitisation to MMA. Half of the exposed workers complained about neurovegetative troubles (nervousness, headache, weakness) and 46% about irritability. Objective neurotic symptomatology was found in 41.2%. The whole sample was examined by EEG; 15.8% showed an abnormal record. Determination of urinary thioethers appears to be unsuitable as an exposure test for MMA. The suggested MAC limit for MMA is 40mg/m³ air.
Pracovní lékařství, 1985, Vol.37, No.2, p.49-52. 17 ref.

CIS 86-1036 Scolnick B., Collins J.
Systemic reaction to methylmethacrylate in an operating room nurse
The reaction was caused by exposure to monomer emission during the mixing of orthopaedic cement in the operating room. The reaction was marked by hypertension, dyspnoea and generalised erythroderma; recovery of the patient was uneventful. A review of the toxicology of methylmethacrylate monomers shows that they affect the nervous, cardiovascular, cutaneous, gastro-intestinal and respiratory systems. MMA levels measured during the 30min orthopaedic procedure did not exceed 1.5ppm.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1986, Vol.28, No.3, p.196-198. 9 ref.

1985

CIS 89-77 Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
Etyleeniglykolidimetakrylaatti [in Finnish]
Chemical safety information sheet. Synonym: ethylene dimethacrylate. Toxicity: irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract. Mandatory European labelling: F, XI, R36, R37.
Register of Safety Information of Chemical Products, National Board of Labour Protection, Box 536, 33101 Tampere, Finland, July 1985. 2p.

CIS 88-1117 Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: LC₅₀ (inhalation, rat) = 0.15mg/L/1h; is absorbed through skin; skin and eye burns.
In: EPA Chemical Profiles, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 20460, USA, 1985. 4p.

CIS 86-1352 Popler A., Skutilová L., Kuželová M., Kovařík J., Šalandová J., Čihař M.
Occupational health problems in the production and processing of methyl methacrylate. I. Determination of the extent of exposure
Pracovnělékařská problematika při výrobě a zpracování metylmetakrylátu. I. Určení míry expozice [in Czech]
The concentration of methyl methacrylate in air was monitored during its production and its processing by block polymerisation. The concentration was highest during pre-polymerisation and during the filling of glass vessels with the pre-polymer (150-300mg/m³). During other processes the concentration ranged between 30 and 80mg/m³. Air was sampled by stationary and personal samplers. In a group of 49 workers exposed to methyl methacrylate the concentration of thioethers in urine was determined by spectrophotometry. There was no significant difference between this group and controls in the elimination of thioethers. There was a difference between smokers and non-smokers in the exposed as well as control group.
Pracovní lékařství, 1985, Vol.37, No.2, p.43-48. 13 ref.

CIS 86-147 Garabrant D.H.
Dermatitis from aziridine hardener in printing ink
13 of 51 workers developed dermatitis of the hands and face after handling a water-based ink containing a polyfunctional aziridine hardening agent made from propylenimine and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The incidence of dermatitis was highest among the ink mixers who handled the undiluted aziridine, was lower among printers who handled ink containing 2-4% aziridine, and was zero in workers who did not handle ink. The mean latency from 1st contact with the ink to development of the rash was 3.2 months among the ink mixers and 6.2 months among the printers. Improper work practices and inadequate protective clothing contributed to the problem.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1985, Vol.12, No.4, p.209-212. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 86-89 Rajaniemi R., Tola S.
Subjective symptoms among dental technicians exposed to the monomer methyl methacrylate
Survey covering 293 technicians and students, 81% of whom handled acrylic monomers (mostly methyl methacrylate) daily without skin protection. Current hand dermtitis or previous local dermatological problem was reported by 17% of the respondents. Frequent contact with the monomers increased the rate of the self-reported dermatitis. The frequency of complaints among students increased with seniority. Preventive measures (gloves, better work practices) are discussed.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1985, Vol.11, No.4, p.281-286. 23 ref.

1984

CIS 86-165 Makarov I.A.
Sexual disorders in male workers occupationally exposed to methyl methacrylate and vinyl chloride
Sostojanie seksual'noj sfery u rabočih-mužčin, podvergajuščihsja proizvodstvennomu vozdejstviju metilmetakrilata i vinilhlorida [in Russian]
Questionnaire surveys of 198 workers in the plastics industry and 95 controls were supplemented with hormone assays in the case of 32 plastics workers and 10 controls. Both methyl methacrylate and vinyl chloride inhibit sexual activity. Vinyl chloride seems to act primarily via the central nervous system, while methyl methacrylate acts on the sex organs; both compounds produce toxic hypogonadism. Sexual dysfunction was seen in conjunction with other occupational diseases due to exposure to the monomers. The effects of methyl methacrylate disappear 1-2 years after cessation of exposure without special treatment; workers exposed to vinyl chloride should be treated with a testosterone preparation.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1984, No.6, p.19-23. 9 ref.

CIS 85-1940 Björkner B.
The sensitizing capacity of multifunctional acrylates in the guinea pig
Ultraviolet-curable resins are widely used in industry. In resins used for coatings, multifunctional acrylates are frequently used as crosslinking agents and diluants, whereas in other applications methacrylate derivatives are more common. 7 diacrylates, 6 dimethacrylates, 2 triacrylates and 1 tetraacrylate were tested with the guinea pig maximisation test. Butanediol diacrylate and hexanediol diacrylate were moderate to strong sensitisers and probably cross reactive. Ethylene glycol diacrylates and methacrylates were weak or non-sensitisers. Of the multifunctional acrylates tested, the di- and triacrylic compounds should be regarded as potent sensitisers. The methacrylated multifunctional acrylic compounds are weak or non-sensitisers.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1984, Vol.11, No.4, p.236-246. 36 ref.

CIS 85-1651 Arzjaeva E. Ja., Klimova Ė. I., Drožilova M.F.
Some questions on the mechanism of cardiovascular damage due to allyl-α-allyloxycarbonyloxyacrylate
Nekotorye voprosy mehanizma poraženija serdečno-sosudistoj sistemy pri dejstvii allil-α-alliloksikarboniloksiakrilata [in Russian]
Chronic exposure of rats to the title compound ("3A") showed that the compound has a marked cholinergic action: acetylcholine levels were high in the blood of animals subjected to prolonged inhalation. This conclusion was confirmed by the effect of various drugs on the electrocardiograms of 3A-treated rats. 3A has marked chronotropic, negative dromotropic and inotropic action, and interferes with repolarisation of the heart muscle. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and reduced aldolase levels in the blood of the exposed animals imply biochemical disturbances in the myocardium and possible increased permeability of cell membranes.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, May 1984, No.5, p.44-46. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 85-739 Kassis V., Vedel P., Darre E.
Contact dermatitis to methyl methacrylate
Two nurses who mixed bone cement containing methyl methacrylate at orthopaedic operations developed contact dermatitis. During the procedure the nurses used 2 pairs of latex gloves. Butyl rubber gloves are recommended for use with methyl methacrylate monomer to avoid sensitisation and cumulative irritant contact dermatitis on the hands.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1984, Vol.11, No.1, p.26-28. 8 ref.

CIS 85-474 Nethercott J.R., Gupta S., Rosen C., Enders L.J., Pilger C.W.
Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate: A cause of delayed cutaneous irritant reaction and allergic contact dermatitis
A woman who worked as a materials handler in a plant manufacturing acrylated chemicals developed a contact allergy to tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) after accidental exposure. 4 co-workers experienced skin irritation 12-36h after contact with TEGDA but had no immediate reaction at the time of exposure. The chemical sensitised the guinea pig in a maximisation test. Variation of the administration of Freund's complete adjuvent, the intradermal concentration injected for induction and the diluent used for injection made it possible to alter the apparent sensitisation potential of TEGDA.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1984, Vol.26, No.7, p.513-516. 15 ref.

1983

CIS 85-1351 Makarov I.A.
Functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in workers engaged in the manufacture of transparent plastic and polyvinyl chloride
Functional'naja aktivnost' gipotalamo-gipofizarno-nadpočečnikovoj osi u rabočih proizvodstv orgstekla i polyvinilhlorida [in Russian]
99 plastics workers exposed to methyl methacrylate (MMA) and vinyl chloride (VC) and 10 controls were examined. Basal levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol and diurnal excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosterone were measured in all the subjects: changes in blood cortisol in response to insulin were measured in 77 subjects and blood ascorbic acid levels in 19. Prolonged exposure to MMA and VC stimulated the pituitary-adrenal axis, as shown by elevated basal ACTH and cortisol levels. The blood cortisol of 2/3 of the exposed workers tested did not respond normally to insulin administration. This, and the observed reduction of corticoid excretion, indicates that the adrenals of many exposed workers have no functional reserves. The lack of reserves may in turn be due to low levels of ascorbic acid, a glucocorticoid precursor. This suggests that plastics workers should be given prophylactic doses of ascorbic acid.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1983, No.9, p.28-31. 8 ref.

CIS 84-1395 Pedersen N.B., Senning A., Nielsen A.O.
Different sensitising acrylic monomers in Napp printing plate
Three chemically pure fractions were isolated from Napp printing plate and subsequently identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. One of the fractions elicited positive reactions in 3 Napp-allergic printers, and another fraction elicited a positive response in one of them. The 2 allergens were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was also found in another printing plate, Nyloprint WD.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1983, Vol.9, No.6, p.459-464. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 84-1327 Nethercott J.R., Jakubovic H.R., Pilger C., Smith J.W.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to urethane acrylate in ultraviolet cured inks
7 cases are reported: 6 were allergic and one irritant. A urethane acrylate resin accounted for 5 cases of sensitisation, one of which was also sensitive to pentaerythritol triacrylate and another also to an epoxy acrylate resin. One case was an allergy to trimethylpropane triacrylate. The process is described, in which plastic containers had print applied to their exterior surface by offset printing and were then led past a bank of intense UV lamps to dry the printed surface. In addition to patch tests on the affected workers, studies on the sensitisation and irritancy potentials of the acrylates and of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate are reported.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1983, Vol.40, No.3, p.241-250. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 84-427 Christiansen M.L.
(Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation)
Acrylates and methacrylates
Acrylater og methacrylater [in Danish]
This literature survey on the health hazards of exposure to acrylates and methacrylates is designed to be a basis for the establishment of appropriate exposure limits in the Scandinavian countries. Contents: physical and chemical properties of acrylic acid, of methyl, ethyl and butyl acrylates, of methacrylic acid, of methyl, ethyl, butyl and isobutyl methacrylates; toxicology (acute toxicity, metabolic models, toxic mechanisms; effects on the skin, the mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, the skin, the kidneys, the blood, the gastro-intestinal tract, the heart and blood vessels, the central and peripheral nervous systems, heredity, the endocrine system); allergic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects; relationship between exposure, effect and response. English summary. Exposure limits are shown for 19 countries. Methods of sampling and determination in air are given.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1983. 62p. 88 ref.

CIS 83-1643
(Institut national de recherche et de sécurité)
Ethyl acrylate
Acrylate d'éthyle [in French]
Synonym, uses, physical and chemical properties, storage, methods of detection and determination in air, fire hazards, pathology and toxicology (animal tests show that it is an irritant; it irritates human skin and mucous membranes - American (ACGIH) TLV: 5ppm). French regulations on occupational health and safety and neighbourhood protection are mentioned, as are French and international transport regulations. Technical and medical recommendations are offered.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1983, No.112, p.433-436. 16 réf.

CIS 83-1028 Morel C., Reynier M., Falcy M., Protois J.C.
Methyl acrylate
Acrylate de méthyle [in French]
Synonyms, use, physical and chemical properties, storage, methods of detection and determination in air; fire hazards (very flammable liquid, vapours forming explosive mixtures with air, recommended extinguishing materials); pathology and toxicology (experimental toxicology and toxicity to man - American TLV: 35mg/m³). French regulations concerning occupational hygiene and safety and protection of the neighbourhood. French and international regulations concerning transport. Technical and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd quarter 1983, No.111, p.285-288. 13 ref.

CIS 83-1101 Dahlquist I., Fregert S., Trulson L.
Contact allergy to trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) in an aziridine plastic hardener
Report of 4 cases of hand and face dermatitis in workers exposed to a floor varnish containing polyurethane and a polyfunctional aziridine hardener and additives; the aziridine hardener was produced by reacting propyleneimine with a polyfunctional acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). All 4 workers reacted to the hardener and to TMPTA which is present in excess in the product. In addition, 2 workers reacted to pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), which may also be used in aziridine hardeners. TMPTA and PETA cross-react, and are known sensitizers in UV-hardening acrylates.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1983, Vol.9, No.2, p.122-124. 6 ref.

CIS 83-472 Parker D., Turk J.L.
Contact sensitivity to acrylate compounds in guinea pigs
The ability of acrylate compounds to evoke contact sensitivity skin reactions in guinea pigs was investigated. 21 different acrylate and methacrylate compounds were scanned for their ability to induce contact sensitivity, using 5 different sensitisation techniques. Contact reactions of varying intensities were produced to all the mono-, di- and triacrylates used. However, it was not possible to sensitise guinea pigs to any methacylates. It would appear that guinea pigs cannot be sensitised to acrylate chemicals substituted on carbon 2.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1983, Vol.9, No.1, p.55-60. 14 ref.

CIS 83-471 Van der Walle H.B., Waegemaekers T., Bensink T.
Sensitising potential of 12 di(meth)acrylates in the guinea pig
The sensitising potential of 12 di(meth)acrylates was assessed when applied epidermally and intradermally to the guinea pig. Dimethacrylates are moderate to strong sensitisers in the guinea pig. Diethylene glycol diacrylate did not produce sensitisation; 1,2-ethanediol diacrylate and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate sensitised a number of animals; reaction pattern to 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, neopentane diol diacrylate and 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate differed from that commonly observed with sensitisers, and this different pattern makes it difficult to classify these monomers with certainty as sensitisers.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1983, Vol.9, No.1, p.10-20. Illus. 14 ref.

1982

CIS 84-735 Lomonova G.G.
Data on which to base an MAC for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in workplace air
Materialy k obosnovaniju PDK 2-ėtilgeksilakrilata v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate used in the formulation of paints and coatings was subjected to a standard battery of toxicological tests with rats, mice and rabbits. Although the compound is only moderately dangerous in terms of LD₅₀ (4400mg/kg when administered intragastrically to mice), its low thresholds of acute and chronic action in the airborne state (46.0 and 10.0mg/m³, respectively) and its wide range of chronic effects (on the central nervous system, blood, thyroid gland and respiratory system) support its identification as a highly dangerous compound. An MAC of 1mg/m³ is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1982, No.9, p.52-54. 5 ref.

CIS 84-213 Jedrychowski W.
Styrene and methyl methacrylate in the industrial environment as a risk factor of chronic obstructive lung disease
454 exposed men at a styrene and methyl methacrylate plant and 683 control workers were studied by interviews on chest symptoms and by lung function tests. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of chronic chest symptoms in the 2 populations, but the frequency of pulmonary obstruction in the exposed group was double that in controls. Workers were subdivided according to their smoking habits: chemical exposure had a much greater effect on lung function than smoking, independently of the latter.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dec. 1982, Vol.51, No.2, p.151-157. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 83-1317 Samimi B., Falbo L.
Monitoring of workers exposure to low levels of airborne monomers in a polystyrene production plant
The exposure of workers to sub-ppm levels of the airborne monomers ethyl acrylate (EA), methyl methacrylate (MM), butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (S), methylstyrene (MS) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) in polystyrene production plant was measured in the same sample on a single gas chromatographic column. 106 air samples were collected on 150mg charcoal tubes from the breathing zone of workers, from areas near reactors, and from places where monomers were unloaded. The mean time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations in a workers' breathing zone were 89, 66, 49, 120, 41 and 1ppb for EA, MM, BA, S, MS, and EHA respectively. The mean TWA concentration in workplace air was 1.1ppm and 169, 36, 54, 10, and 30ppb for the same 6 compounds. The highest area TWA was 57ppm for EA which occurred at an unloading site. The exhaust ventilating systems and engineering controls in this facility provided a relatively safe working environment.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1982, Vol.43, No.11, p.858-862. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 83-819 Della Torre L., Valsecchi F., Sala C., Cesana M.A.
Assessing the occupational hazard and health effects in a factory manufacturing polymethylmethacrylate sheet
Valutazione del rischio ambientale e degli effetti sulla salute in una fabbrica di lastre di polimetilmetacrilato [in Italian]
Following a review of the properties of methylmethacrylate and its toxic effects on experimental animals and humans, the results are reported of a clinical study of 18 workers employed for an average of 12 years in a plant manufacturing polymethylmethacrylate. The workers were divided into 2 groups: those with exposure to concentrations below the TLV (410mg/m³) and those with exposure above the TLV. Both groups demonstrated a moderate prevalence of nervous disorders and slight mucosal irritation. The study did not bring to light any changes in the liver or cardiovascular and peripheral nervous systems attributable to methyl methacrylate exposure.
Lavoro umano, Sep.-Oct. 1982, Vol.30, No.2, p.72-79. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 83-419 Czerczak S., Paryjczak T.
Elimination of acrylic compounds from the working environment by adsorption
Usuwanie związków akrylowych ze środowiska pracy metodą adsorpcyjną [in Polish]
Activated carbon, silica gel, alkaline and neutral alumina adsorbents were evaluated for their efficiency for the adsorption of various acrylates and methacrylates and of acrylic acid. The adsorption efficiencies for methyl acrylate and acrylic acid were shown as a function of temperature. Activated carbon had the highest adsorption efficiency for these compounds. Proposal of an industrial exhaust ventilation system with two heatable adsorbers installed in parallel. While one of the adsorbers retains the acrylic vapours, the other one is heated to desorb and recuperate the acrylic compounds.
Ochrona pracy, Sep. 1982, No.9, p.20-21. Illus.

1981

CIS 83-1947 Oskerko E.F., Klimova Ė.I., Kasatkin A.N.
Toxicity and harmfulness of allyl α-allyloxycarbonyloxyacrylate
O toksičnosti i opasnosti allil α-alliloksikarboniloksiakrilata [in Russian]
The title compound ("3-A"), used for the production of new transparent plastics, was administered to experimental animals by inhalation (mice), intragastric infusion (rats, mice) and topical application to skin and conjunctiva (rabbits). The maximum concentration attainable in air (66-77mg/m³) was not lethal, but did produce morphological changes in the uterus and testes of treated animals. Intragastric administration produced metabolic abnormalities observable as alterations in blood and urine composition. 3-A was also a topical irritant. It is more toxic on chronic than on acute administration. A TLV of 0.01mg/m³ workplace air is recommend.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1981, No.12, p.44-45. 5 ref.

CIS 83-2004 Makarov I.A., Makarenko K.I., Desjatnikova N.V.
Adipogenic effect of some industrial poisons
K voprosu ob adipozogennom dejstvii nekotoryh promyšlennyh jadov [in Russian]
A study of 676 workers exposed to methyl methacrylate, 700 workers exposed to vinyl chloride, and 512 unexposed workers. Comparisons of weight to age in the 3 groups showed that both methyl methacrylate and vinyl chloride are adipogenic; the adipogenic effect of vinyl chloride is seen in both men and women, while that of methyl methacrylate is seen only in women. The effect of the compounds is due to their effect on the formation of insulin, somatotropic hormone and prolactin. Vinyl chloride apparently produces greater hormonal disturbances than methyl methacrylate.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1981, No.12, p.29-31. 21 ref.

CIS 83-488 Makarov I.A., Makarenko K.I., Desjatnikova N.V.
Changes in hormone and lipid metabolism in workers with chronic methyl methacrylate poisoning
Ob izmenenijah gormonal'nogo i lipidnogo obmenov pri hroničeskoj profintoksikacii metilmetakrilatom [in Russian]
After cessation of exposure, the lipid metabolism improves significantly in people suffering from chronic methyl methacrylate (MMA) poisoning. The study of hormones involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism revealed that this improvement is brought about by an increase in insulin level and a reduction in somatotropic hormone. As long as the workers are exposed to MMA, these hormone changes take place against the background of enhanced triiodothyronine secretion which inhibits the hyperlipidaemic action of insulin. After cessation of MMA exposure, the thyroid function returns to normal, which entails a stimulation of the lipogenic effect of hyperinsulinaemia.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1981, No. 4, p. 20-22. l4 ref.

CIS 82-1313 Podkovyrina N.S., Šumkova L.A., Cybyšev E.D.
Gas chromatographic determination of acrylic acids and their esters in the workplace air
Gazohromatografičeskoe opredelenie akrilovyh kislot i ih efirov v vozduhe proizvodstvennyh pomeščenij [in Russian]
Methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic and methacrylic acids were determined using a high-sensitivity flame-ionisation detector. The method has a precision of ± 10% using a sample of >5ml and enables the concentration phase to be excluded. Concentrations of 1-4mg/m³ can be determined.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1981, No.2, p.45-48. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 82-1044 Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Hexanediol diacrylate
This data sheet provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties; toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.55-B.56.

CIS 82-1043 Workplace environment exposure level guide - Trimethylolpropane triacrylite
This data sheet provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties; toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.53-B.54. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1042 Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
This data sheet provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties; toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.51-B.52. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1041 Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate
This data sheet provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties; toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.49-B.50. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1040 Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Triethylene glycol diacrylate
This data provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties; toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.47-B.48. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1039 Workplace environmental exposure level guide - Pentaerythritol triacrylate
This data sheet provides information on: chemical identification; chemical and physical properties: toxicological experiments on animals and humans; recommended exposure level (TWA 1mg/m³).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1981, Vol.42, No.11, p.B.45-B.46. 5 ref.

CIS 82-413 Walker R.F., Guiver R.
Determination of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate concentrations in air
A field method has been devised for measuring levels of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates at ≥0.12mg/m³ in a 10l air sample. Samples were collected by drawing 10l of air, at 1l/min, into a midget PTFE impinger containing 5ml of 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution. The cyanoacrylate monomer reacted with the alkali to form a polymer and formaldehyde. The formaldehyde was treated with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and potassium perchlorate to produce a red derivative which was determined colorimetrically at 552nm. The method can be used to determine methyl, ethyl and butyl esters.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1981, Vol.42, No.8, p.559-565. Illus. 12 ref.

1980

CIS 82-1316 Gelbke H.P., Zeller H.
Skin irritation by hexanediol diacrylate
Zur Hautreizwirkung von Hexandioldiacrylat [in German]
Differences in the primary irritation index figures obtained using J.H. Draize's method which is described. Results of a study on hexanediol diacrylate skin irritation carried out at several institutes. There was considerable scatter in the primary irritation index figures obtained. These are considered unsuitable for comparing the irritant action of different substances. Substance classification on the basis of this index alone may give variable results. However, hexandiol diacrylate may be considered a skin irritant.
Farbe und Lack, 1980, Vol.86, No.10, p.876-879. 6 ref.

CIS 82-770 Makarov I.A.
The effect of methyl methacrylate on the body mass of workers employed in the manufacture of polyacrylate
O vlijanii metilovogo ėfira metakrilovoj kisloty na massu tela rabočih, zanjatyh v proizvodstve organičeskogo stekla [in Russian]
A comparative study of 94 plastics industry workers with symptoms of chronic methyl methacrylate poisoning and 500 controls has shown that long-term occupational exposure to this compound causes a considerable increase in body fat. This may be due to over-eating as a result of hyperinsulinaemia.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1980, No.12, p.53-55. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 81-1011 Lomonova G.V., Klimova Ė. I.
Toxicology of ethylene glycol acrylate and methacrylate
K toksikologii akrilovogo i metakrilovogo ėfirov ėtilenglikolja [in Russian]
Animal studies are reported: ethylene glycol acrylate is highly toxic and is classed in toxicity category II. Ethylene glycol methacrylate was moderately toxic (category III). Recommended exposure limits are 0.7mg/m³ for the acrylate and 20mg/m³ for the methacrylate.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1980, No.4, p.56.

CIS 81-1058 Mavrina E.A.
General and occupational health problems in workers producing acrylic fibres
Voprosy obščej i professional'noj patologii rabočih proizvodstva nitrona [in Russian]
Immunological and bioclinical studies over 8 years in 820 workers in the acrylic fibre industry are reported. There was a relation between acrylate exposure and health impairments. Chronic poisoning and allergies were largely related to immunological changes, the early signs of which permit prognosis of the future course.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1980, No.4, p.18-21. 4 ref.

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