Esters and salts - 899 entries found

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1975

CIS 76-167 Morel C., Cavigneaux A., Protois J.C.
Dichlorvos
Dichlorvos. [in French]
Uses, physical and chemical properties, methods of detection and determination in air, fire hazards, pathology and toxicology. References to French regulations concerning occupational safety and health, environmental protectin and transport. Recommendations on technical and medical aspects.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, Fiche toxicologique No.116, French National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14. Paris, France, 3rd quarter 1975, No.80, Note No.978-80-75, p.407-410. 13 ref.

CIS 75-1942 Rider J.A., Puletti E.J., Swader J.I.
The minimal oral toxicity level for mevinphos in man.
To determine the safe exposure level for organophosphate insecticide, mevinphos (2-carbomethoxy-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate) was fed to human volunteers for 30 days. The depression of cholinesterase activity was used as the criterion. None of the 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5mg daily doses affected plasma cholinesterase. The 1.0mg had no effect; 1.5 and 2.0mg produced a 20% or greater decrease in erythrocyte cholinesterase on one occasion, whilst 2.5mg produced a steady decrease. It appears that this amount is the level of minimal incipient toxicity.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Apr. 1975, Vol.32, No.1, p.97-100. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1939 Moffitt A.E., Clary J.J., Lewis T.R., Blanck M.D., Perone V.B.
Absorption, distribution and excretion of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate.
Structural formulae and physical and chemical properties of terephthalic acid (TA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). Radiotracer studies in rabbits and rats using C-14-labelled TA and DMT showed: (1) rapid absorption and excretion of DA and DMT without evidence of tissue accumulation on single or repeated oral and intratracheal administration; (2) no skin irritation after single or repeated dermal application, and no significant skin absorption of TA; (3) recovery of 11-13% of the (single or repeated) cutaneous doses from urine and faeces within 10 days; (4) no significant absorption of TA after ocular instillation; (5) 33% excretion of a single ocular dose of DMT, with no evidence of tissue accumulation or eye damage. TA and DMT thus appeared to be rapidly absorbed and excreted without significant accumulation in the tissues.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1975, Vol.36, No.8, p.633-641. 15 ref.

CIS 75-1649 Johnson M.K.
The delayed neuropathy caused by some organophosphorus esters: Mechanism and challenge.
Organophosphorus demyelination is primarily degeneration of long axons. Damage in the central nervous system is irreversible. Early causative agents were triaryl phosphates, but some possible pesticides are rejected on the basis of positive responses in tests on hens. Phosphate esters as pseudo substrates for esterases and metabolic conversion paths provided a background for mechanism investigations. Neurotoxic esters phosphorylated a characteristic esterase of hen nervous tissue which was identified and assayed in vitro. This protein modification led directly to the lesion. Carbamoylation, sulfonation, or phosphinylation of the same esterase at the same active site inhibited hydrolytic activity against esters but did not lead to neurotoxic effects. These effects were prevented by pretreatment of hens with appropriate carbamates. A toxicity mechanism involving an "ageing" type of process was proposed. In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of compounds on neurotoxic esterase facilitate (1) coherent structure/activity studies and prospective forecasts of activities; (2) dose/response tests in hygiene evaluations; (3) attempts to design therapeutic agents.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, June 1975, Vol.3, No.3, p.289-316. Illus. 131 ref.

CIS 75-1068 Jones A.E., Kahn R.H., Groves J.T., Napier E.A.
Phthalate ester toxicity in human cell cultures.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - often referred to as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) - and butyl glycolyl butyl phthalate (BGBP), plasticisers which may be leached into the blood from medical devices with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) parts, were found to cause significant growth inhibition in cultures of the human diploid cell strain WI-38. The ID₅₀ (dose causing 50% growth inhibition) values were 70 and 12µmol for DEHP and BGBP respectively. Toxic levels for DEHP were comparable to concentrations found in blood which has been stored in PVC bags for up to 21 days at 4°C. ID₅₀ values are reported for other phthalate esters and for 2 non-phthalide compounds leachable from PVC medical devices.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Feb. 1975, Vol.31, No.2, p.283-289. Illus. 21 ref.

1974

CIS 76-181 Spear R.C.
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio.
Organophosphate pesticides: The residue intoxication problem.
2 studies (of a series of 7) of parathion residue hazards to orange grove harvesters are reported. The sampling techniques included personal air samplers and patches attached externally on the clothing and to the skin; variables were foliar residues, heat stress indices, work rates, and airborne pesticide levels. Cholinesterase response was used to determine residue levels in blood. It appeared that paraoxon is the principal toxic constituant of the residue and the principal exposure is dermal.
AD-AO11 854/7WP, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, USA, Dec. 1974. 12p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$3.25/Microfiche US-$2.25.

CIS 76-174 Timofeevskaja L.A., Aldyreva M.V., Kazbekov I.M.
Experimental studies on the effect of phthalate plasticisers on the organism
Ėksperimental'nye issledovanija vlijanija gruppy ftalatnyh plastifikatorov na organizm [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments done to compare the toxic effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dinonyl phthalate (DNP), didodecyl phthalate (DDP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) after ingestion, inhalation, and application on the skin and conjunctiva. These phthalates are very harmful after long exposure. Provisional threshold limit values are suggested: 0.5mg/m³ for mixtures of vapours or aerosols of DEP, DOP, DNP, DDP and BBP, and of 0.2mg/m³ for DMP.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Dec. 1974, No.12, p.26-28. 3 ref.

CIS 76-148 Schmidt P., Fox G., Hollenbach K., Rothe R.
Acute toxicity of 2-ethylhexyl mercaptoacetate in animal experiments
Zur akuten Toxizität des Thioglykolsäure-2-äthylhexylesters im Tierversuch [in German]
Personnel employed in the manufacture and processing of 2-ethylhexyl mercaptoacetate (MAAE) frequently complain of loss of appetite, nausea, headache, dizziness and languidness, without exhibiting objective signs. The symptoms generally subside rapidly once exposure has ceased. The acute toxicity of the compound was determined in animal experiments, lethal doses of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), ethylhexanol (EH), and methyl and ethyl mercaptoacetates being studied for comparison. Lethal doses (LD₅₀) of MAAE were 303 to 1,800mg/kg for a single oral dose, and 265 to 1,010mg/kg for a single intraperitoneal dose. Rats responded more sensitively than mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits. The toxicity of the ester appears to be determined essentially by the mercaptoacetate. The effective inhalational toxicity of the compound is low. Single sublethal oral doses (80mg/kg) do not produce appreciable liver or kidney damage. An MAC of 0.2mg/m³ is proposed for MAAE (mercaptoacetic acid 0.1mg/m³ in the USSR).
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Sep. 1974, Vol.20, No.9, p.575-578. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 75-1977 Pazderová J., Lukáš E., Němcová M., Spáčilová M., Jirásek L., Kalenský J., John J., Jirásek A., Pícková J.
Chronic poisoning by chlorinated hydrocarbons formed in producing sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate
Chronická otrava chlorovanými uhlovodíky, vzniklými při výrobě 2,4,5-trichlórfenoxyoctanu sodného [in Czech]
In the course of 3 years 80 workers employed in the production of sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate and butyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate suffered health impairment consisting of disorders of the skin (chloracne, porphyria cutanea tarda) and metabolism (cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids above blood mean values), slight liver dysfunction, lesions of the peripheral neurone of the lower limbs and other focal lesions of the central nervous system, and psychic disorders. There were 2 deaths from bronchogenic carcinoma among the sample group. The role of certain intermediate substances occurring during the production process, production methods and general conditions of hygiene are also examined.
Pracovní lékařství, Oct. 1974, Vol.26, No.9, p.332-339. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 75-1758 Basic bibliography on paralysis in the footwear industry
Bibliografía básica sobre la parálisis del calzado [in Spanish]
This volume, published by CNID on the occasion of the International Meeting on Paralysis in the Footwear Industry (Barcelona, 12-14 Nov. 1974), reproduces in facsimile in the original language a number of basic studies, submitted by research workers in different countries, on polyneuritis due to various chemical substances used in the boot and shoe manufacturing sector, in particular tricresyl phosphate and n-hexane.
National Occupational Safety and Health Prgramme, National Information and Documentation Centre (Plan nacional de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Centro national de información y documentación (CNID), Barcelona, Spain, 1974. 347p. Illus. Approx. 500 ref.

CIS 75-1625 Fernandez J., Droz P.O..
Pulmonary absorption and elimination of ethyl acetate - Experimental study in humans
Absorption et élimination pulmonaire de l'acétate d'éthyle - Etude expérimentale sur des sujets humains. [in French]
Results of a series of exposures at concentrations of 217, 388, 400, 418 and 770ppm ethyl acetate, performed in 11 volunteers. The alveolar air was analysed systematically by gas chromatography before, during and after exposure. The concentration of ethyl acetate in the alveolar air during and after exposure was directly proportional to the atmospheric concentration at exposure. The same was true of the ethanol concentration during exposure, whereas the acetone level did not vary significantly. Thus, pulmonary elimination of ethyl acetate does not appear to be representative of the degree of exposure, but reflects only the final period of the latter.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Dec. 1974, Vol.35, No.12, p.953-961. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 75-1364 Stewart R.D., Peterson J.E., Newton P.E., Hake C.L., Hosko M.J., LeBrun A.J., Lawton G.M.
Experimental human exposure to propylene glycol dinitrate.
1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN), a major constituent of a torpedo propellant, was investigated for its physiological and central nervous effects in 20 human volunteers exposed to PGDN vapour concentrations of 0.03, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5 and 1.5ppm. Exposure to 0.2ppm, the current control concentration, produced headaches and an alteration in the visual evoked reponse (VER). Repeated exposure to this concentration resulted in the development of tolerance to headaches but the alteration in VER appeared to be cumulative. Marked disequilibrium was manifest after exposure to 0.5ppm for 6.5h, and 40min exposure to 1.5ppm caused eye irritation. There was no biochemical or haematological evidence of a toxic effect on any target organ.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Dec. 1974, Vol.30, No.3, p.377-395. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 75-1335 Kuželová M., Čermáková B.
Cases of sudden death following long-term occupational exposure to glycerol nitric esters
Případy náhlých úmrtí následkem dlouholeté práce s dusičnými estery glycerinu [in Czech]
Report of 6 cases of sudden death among workers employed in an explosives factory (mean age 37 years (29-46 years)) following occupational exposure to glycerol nitric esters for an average of 8 years (4-13 years). Death occurred in the early morning hours just before setting out for work, after the weekend or a period of 1-3 days off work in 5 cases (in the middle of the working week in one case). Autopsy findings gave negative results; this was also the case with periodic ECG examinations carried out on these workers. Some time before death subjective symptoms had been noticed: chest pain in the region of the heart, gastric and duodenal pain, facial neuralgia. This case study forms the introduction to a brief literature survey of this question and a review of the various hypotheses suggested regarding the process of this type of poisoning.
Vnitřní lékařství, May 1974, Vol.20, No.5, p.447-451. 24 ref.

CIS 75-1120 Demidenko N.M., Mirgijazova M.G.
The combined biological effect of high air temperature and the pesticide anthio
Sočetannoe vlijanie na organizm vysokoj temperatury vozduha i pesticida antio [in Russian]
Results of exposure evaluations in cotton farming workers applying a new insecticide and acaricide - anthio, a phosphorodithioate preparation. The evaluations were carried out under both laboratory and field conditions, i.e. during the hot season. It was found that high air temperatures (36-40°C) potentiate the toxic effects of anthio. Animal experiments have shown that the application of heat enhances the toxicity of the pesticide by a factor of 1.5 to 2.
Gigiena i sanitarija, July 1974, No.7, p.18-21. 3 ref.

CIS 75-1038 Stuneeva G.I.
Toxic effects of the mixture of kelthane, chlorophos and copper oxychloride
O toksičeskih svojstvah smesi kel'tana, hlorofosa i hlorokisi medi [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments designed to establish the toxic effects of this mixture, which has acaricidal, insecticidal and fungicidal properties. The mixture had much greater pathological effects than its different constituents given separately.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Oct. 1974, No.10, p.102-103. 1 ref.

CIS 75-472 Trinh Van Bao, Szabó I., Ruzicska P., Czeizel E.
Chromosome studies in persons poisoned with phosphoric acid esters (pesticides)
Kromoszóma-vizsgálatok heveny foszforsav-észter (peszticid) mérgezettekben [in Hungarian]
Results of chromosome studies performed on cultures of peripheral blood from persons suffering from acute phosphoric acid ester poisoning. Blood samples had been taken both during the period of intoxication and 1 and 6 months later. The rate of chromatid breaks, acentric fragments and stable chromosome aberrations (deletions, translocations) was significantly high during the intoxication phase and 1 month later. No definite correlation was found between the frequency of chromosome alterations and the severity of clinical manifestations. Chromosome aberrations were most frequent in cases of thiophosphate poisoning.
Egészségtudomány, 1974, Vol.18, No.4, p.348-360. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 75-105
ČSN 68-6554, Bureau of Standards (Úřad pro normalizaci), Praha.
Ethyl acetate
Octan ethylnatý [in Czech]
This standard, approved on 12 Sep. 1973 with entry into force on 1 June 1974, concerns the production of this substance for use in laboratories and industry. Ethyl acetate vapours, which are heavier than air, are easily flammable and explosive. Health hazards may result from inhalation and skin contact. Maximum allowable concentration in air: 400mg/m³.
Vydavatelství ÚNM, Hostivař, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia, 1974. 7p. Price: Kcs.2.00.

CIS 74-1966 Holmes J.H., Starr H.G., Hanisch R.C., Von Kaulla K.N.
Short-term toxicity of mevinphos in man.
A report of 2 cases of acute poisoning by mevinphos. The symptomatology was similar to that previously reported for exposure to other organophosphate compounds. Blood coagulation studies showed marked fibrinolysis in one case and marked hypercoagulability in the other. Haematuria persisted in one patient for more than 8 days. Because of the recent development of techniques for the measurement of alkyl phosphate ester excretion, it was possible to study the excretion pattern of dimethylphosphate in both cases. Both patients responded well to treatment by atropine sulfate.
Archives of Environmental Health, Aug. 1974, Vol.29, No.2, p.84-89. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 74-1937 Van Peteghem T., De Vos H.
Toxicity of lead naphthenate.
Lead naphthenate is added to oils and greases to increase their resistance to high pressures. As experiments on animals and humans showed the possibility of a small amount of percutaneous absorption, an investigation was made of a group of maintenance technicians using these lubricants to see to what extent they had absorbed lead naphthenate. A group without occupational contact with lead-containing lubricants, but otherwise comparable, was used as a control. The lead concentration in the blood and the delta-aminolevulinic acid concentration in the urine were significantly lower in non-exposed persons.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1974, Vol.31, No.3, p.233-238. 11 ref.

CIS 74-1928 Singh A.R., Lawrence W.H., Autian J.
Mutagenic and antifertility sensitivities of mice to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bis(methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP).
Numerous plastic materials used for medical and paramedical applications as well as for food processing and packaging are made of polyvinyl chloride. To provide the desirable physical characteristics, significant quantities of plasticisers are added. One commonly used group of plasticisers is the phthalic acid esters, probably the most widely used. It is known that small quantities of plasticisers can be leached from such materials by blood, milk and other solutions. This communication presents the results of dominant lethal mutation and antifertility studies on bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dimethoxyethyl phthalate in mice. These 2 phthalate esters produced some degree of dose-dependent and time-dependent antifertility and mutagenic effects.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, July 1974, Vol.29, No.1, p.35-46. 28 ref.

CIS 74-1646 Sidell F.R.
Soman and sarin: Clinical manifestations and treatment of accidental poisoning by organophosphates.
Description of 4 cases of accidental exposure to the potent cholinesterase inhibitors sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate) and soman (pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate). An account is given in each case of the initial clinical manifestations, the therapy instituted and the reactions to therapy. It was observed that: (1) there were psychiatric sequelae in the 2 most severe cases; (2) scopolamine, which disrupts mental performance in normal subjects, ameliorated the mental condition in the patient to whom it was administered, indicating that this drug deserves further evaluation under similar circumstances; (3) the soman-inhibited circulating cholinesterases in one case were refractory to reactivation by pralidoxime chloride, confirming that the effectiveness of the oxime varies with the inhibitor.
Clinical Toxicology, Feb. 1974, Vol.7, No.1, p.1-17. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 74-1421 Carter M.K., Maddux B.
Interaction of dichlorvos and anticholinesterases on the in vitro inhibition of human blood cholinesterases.
The in vitro interaction of several anticholinesterase pesticides and chlorpromazine with dichlorvos on the inhibition of human blood cholinesterase was investigated. The data presented indicate that in vitro combinations of dichlorvos with selected anticholinesterases usually result in less inhibition when compared to the calculated summed individual inhibitions. Only in the case of the combination of chlorpromazine with dichlorvos, using human red blood cells as a source of cholinesterase, was the combined inhibition greater than the summed individual inhibitions. Explanations are offered for the increased inhibition of cholinesterase that is reported here for dichlorvos and chlorpromazine and the increased toxicity reported by others for other organophosphate agents and chlorpromazine.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Feb. 1974, Vol.27, No.2, p.456-463. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 74-1329 Menz M., Luetkemeier H., Sachsse K.
Long-term exposure of factory workers to dichlorvos (DDVP) insecticide.
In the course of the production and processing of a dichlorvos (DDVP) releasing product, 13 adult workers of both sexes were exposed to an average concentration of approximately 0.7 mg/m³ air. Extensive laboratory tests carried out on these persons during the course of a one-year exposure period showed moderate to slight inhibition of the cholinesterases only. The results of other tests and of regular medical examinations were entirely normal. It was concluded that the inhibition of the cholinesterases did not correspond with any untoward effect and that no health hazard existed.
Archives of Environmental Health, Feb. 1974, Vol.28, No.2, p.72-76. Illus. 12 ref.

1973

CIS 75-1755 Corradini M.A., De Rosa E., Sarto F.
Pathology of acetates in the textile industry
Patologia da acetati nell'industria tessile [in Italian]
After a brief literature survey of toxicity of acetates, this article reports on 7 cases of health damage due to ethyl acetate used in mercerising, dyeing and finishing textile goods. Textile finishing processes, which are described in detail, at certain times cause excessive quantities of ethyl acetate (up to 7 times the TLV) to be given off. The pathological changes observed included modifications of the electroencephalogram, and vestibular disorders, which returned to normal 3 months after exposure ceased. The central nervous system was damaged by exposure to high concentrations of ethyl acetate.
Folia medica, Sep.-Oct. 1973, Vol.61, No.9-10, p.397-405. 18 ref.

CIS 75-574
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, Germany (Fed.Rep.).
Principles applicable to preventive medical examinations - Hazards associated with nitroglycerine and ethylene glycol
Principes définis par les Associations mutuelles professionnelles pour les examens médicaux préventifs - Risques associés à la nitroglycérine et au nitroglycol. [in French]
French translation of: Berufsgenossenschaftliche Grundsätze für arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen - Gefährdung durch Nitroglycerin und Nitroglykol. Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Arbeitshygiene, Stuttgart, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1972, Vol.7, No.5, p.141-142. 8 ref. Criteria for the prevention or early detection of disease due to nitroglycerine or ethylene glycol dinitrate. The following aspects are covered: scope of pre-employment and periodic medical examinations; worker selection criteria; physical and chemical properties; maximum allowable concentration in the workplace air; hazard sources; absorption and mode of action of nitroglycerine and ethylene glycol dinitrate; clinical picture of poisoning.
Traduction INRS 51 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 8p. 8 ref.

CIS 74-1947 Morel C., Cavigneaux A.
n-Propyl acetate - Isopropyl acetate
Acétate de n-propyle - Acétate d'isopropyle. [in French]
Uses, physical and chemical properties, detection and determination in air, fire hazards, pathology and toxicology. Attention is drawn to the French legislation relating to occupational safety and health, environmental protection and transport. Recommendations are made concerning technical and medical aspects.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France. Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, Paris, France, 4th quarter 1973, No.73, Note No.874-73-73, p.547-550. 13 ref.

CIS 74-1923 Andersen M.E., Mehl R.G.
A comparison of the toxicology of triethylene glycol dinitrate an propylene glycol dinitrate.
A study of the acute toxicity of triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) in several animal species indicates that its LD₅₀ is 2 to 5 times as high as that of propylene glycol dinitrate. Both compounds cause hypotension and methaemoglobinaemia, but TEGDN in addition produces severe tremor suggestive of neurological toxicity.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1973, Vol.34, No.12, p.526-532. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 74-1689 Golubev A.A., Andreeva N.B., Dvorkin Ė.A., Dobrynina V.V., Ljublina E.I., Sočava E.A., Frolova A.D.
Toxic characteristics of trioctyl phosphite and triphenyl phosphite
K toksikologičeskoj harakteristike trioktilfosfita i trifenilfosfita [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments which showed that trioctyl phosphite and triphenyl phosphite (stabilisers for plastics) are moderately toxic. These 2 phosphites have a pronounced capacity for skin absorption and sensitisation in guinea-pig skin. A single administration of strong doses of these 2 substances caused hepatic functional disorders and cholinesterase activity inhibition. TLVs in the region of 1-2mg/m³ for triphenyl phosphite and 10mg/m³ for trioctyl phosphite are recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1973, No.10, p.38-41. 9 ref.

CIS 74-1671 Bellet E.M., Casida J.E.
Bicyclic phosphorus esters: High toxicity without cholinesterase inhibition.
4-Isopropyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide has an intraperitoneal LD₅₀ of 0.18mg/kg of body weight in the mouse. Related compounds used by many chemical research workers are also highly toxic. They appear to poison by a mechanism different from that of other known organophosphorus toxicants. While the mode of action of bicyclic phosphorus esters is not known, their structural similarity to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate is possibly relevant.
Science, 14 Dec. 1973, Vol.182, No.4117, p.1135-1136. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-1077
ČSN 68 6547, Bureau of Standards (Úřad pro normalizaci) Praha.
Barium acetate
Octan barnatý [in Slovak]
This standard, which was approved on 1 Feb. and entered into force on 1 Oct. 1973, lays down specifications as to the types of containers to be used for this substance, and its transportation and storage. Provisions concerning occupational hygiene. Although the risk of barium acetate poisoning is not very great in industry, sufficient ventilation must be provided to ensure that a concentration in air of 0.5mg/m³ is not exceeded. Where this is not possible, the wearing of respiratory protective equipment should be compulsory.
Vydavatelství ÚNM, Hostivař, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia, 1973. 9p. Price: Kcs.2.50.

CIS 74-1103 Stuneeva G.I.
Conditions for application and toxicological properties of a mixture comprising Kelthane, chlorophos and copper oxychloride
Sanitarno-gigieničeskie uslovija primenenija i toksikologičeskie svojstva smesi, sostojaščej iz kel'tana, hlorofosa i hlorokisi medi [in Russian]
The author examined 152 persons (tractor drivers, market gardeners and farm workers) who had applied a mixture of insecticides during periods of 4 to 5 days with intervals of 15 to 20 days. The duration of daily exposure had been 8 to 10 h. The most significant symptoms of poisoning related to the blood (erythropenia, lowering of haemoglobin concentration, neutropenia, eosinophilia and leucopenia). It is recommended to make tractor cabins impervious and to supply them with purified and cooled air. The preparation of the mixture should be as fully mechanised as possible to avoid all contact with the pesticide.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1973, No.8, p.101-103. 4 ref.

CIS 74-1068 Atlasov A.G.
Volatility of dibutyl phthalate and possible concentrations of this substance in the atmosphere of premises
O letučesti dibutilftalata i vozmožnyh koncentracijah ego v vozduhe pomeščenij [in Russian]
The author presents formulae giving the relationship between the vapour pressure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and air temperature. The data tabulated show, for example, that the vapour concentration of DBP in air cannot be greater than 0.56 mg/m³ at 20°C or 1.75 mg/m³ at 30°C.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1973, No.8, p.86-87. 3 ref.

CIS 74-1057 Krasavage W.J., Yanno F.J., Terhaar C.J.
Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT): Acute toxicity, subacute feeding and inhalation studies in male rats.
Description and results of investigations carried out on rats to assess the toxicity of DMT. The acute oral LD₅₀ was greater than 6,600 mg/kg, and the intraperitoneal LD₅₀ was 3,900 mg/kg. Inhalation studies conducted at 16.5 and 86.4 mg/m³ caused no adverse toxicological effect in rats exposed to 4 h/day for 58 days. DMT was not found to be a primary irritant nor a sensitiser when applied to the skin of guinea pigs.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1973, Vol.34, No.10, p.455-462. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 74-1050 Muacevic G.
Acute toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition in vivo of bromophos-ethyl.
This report is intended to facilitate the handling of the insecticide bromophos-ethyl (0-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl)-0,0-diethyl phosphorothioate) and to indicate suitable antidotes in case of poisoning. Tests were carried out on mice, rats and other animal species with a view to determining acute toxicity, mucosal compatibility, neurotoxicity, antagonism and synergism, and inhibition of cholinesterase. Results indicate that bromophos-ethyl is among the phosphorus acid esters showing moderate toxicity. In combination with certain organic phosphorus acid esters, toxicity is increased; chlorinated hydrocarbons reduce the toxicity. Reactivation of the cholinesterase is possible with oximes (obidoximechloride, trimedoximebromide) especially in combination with atropine.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, June 1973, Vol.25, No.2, p.180-189. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-755 Levin L., Gabriel K.L.
The vapor toxicity of trimethyl phosphite.
Trimethyl phosphite (TMP) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of industrial chemicals. It is only moderately toxic by ingestion and irritant to the eyes, skin and upper respiratory system. This paper reports the results of an 8-week chronic inhalation study of the toxic effects of TMP vapour (550 ppm) on rats. At this concentration TMP vapour has severe pulmonary and cutaneous effects. It is believed that these are due to the high degree of local irritation rather than to inherent systemic toxicity of the compound. Since TMP is readily discernible by smell in the ppm-range and is objectionable at concentrations exceeding 5 to 10 ppm, it is considered reasonable to establish a health protection guide for TMP based on odour tolerance.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1973, Vol.34, No.7, p.286-291. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 74-754 Nikonorow M., Mazur H., Piekacz H.
Effect of orally administered plasticizers and polyvinyl chloride stabilizers in the rat.
The toxic effects of the plasticisers di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and the organotin stabilisers di-(n-octyl) tin S,S'-bis-(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) (DOTG) and dibenzyltin S,S'-bis (isooctyl mercaptoacetate) (D Benzyl TG) as well as their effect on reproduction and foetal development were examined in rats as it is known that these substances can migrate into food. The results of the investigation are discussed in detail.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Oct. 1973, Vol.26, No.2, p.253-259. 14 ref.

CIS 74-495 Luccioni R., Lanfranchi A., Dupielet J., Colonna J., Luccioni F., Buisson P.
Cardiac effects of nitro-compounds in an explosives factory - Observations on 57 cases
Effets cardiaques de dérivés nitrés dans une fabrique d'explosifs - A propos de 57 observations. [in French]
As a result of observations of 23 reported cases (18 of repetitive angina pectoris and 5 sudden deaths) among explosives factory workers manufacturing or handling explosive compounds, a plant survey was carried out among 34 workers. Average period of exposure to nitric acid esters was 16 years. In 25 cases no pathological association with any past or present cardiac disorder was observed. The clinical examination showed up the frequency of week-end angina pectoris involving young, healthy, non-smoking and non-drinking subjects, occuring during the morning hours of the second day off work. The attacks ceased completely when the subject was transferred to different work or left the occupation. ECG (which, however, revealed much less information than the clinical symptoms) and environmental air sampling (which revealed high levels of nitrogen dioxide) led the authors to suspect the role of a nitrate deficiency (the distress ceased as soon as the workers inhaled nitrous fumes) in turn revealing latent ischaemia induced by chronic hypoxaemia, confirmed by haemoglobin test.
Coeur et médecine interne, Jan. 1973, Vol.12, No.1, p.95-102. 10 ref.

CIS 74-151 Grigorowa R., Binnewies S., Gohlke R.
Combined action of organophosphorus pesticides and increased environmental temperature in short-term inhalation studies in the rat
Über die kombinierte Wirkung von phosphororganischen Pestiziden und erhöhter Umgebungstemperatur in inhalatorischen Kurzversuchen an Ratten [in German]
The combined action of 3 different organophosphate pesticides and increased environmental temperature (35°C, 50% relative humidity) was investigated in subacute (8 days) inhalation experiments with male rats. In the first part of the study, toxicological aspects are discussed in relation to the following parameters: relative weight of organs, cholinesterase activity, total protein and protein fractions in serum, cell respiration in homogenised liver tissue, ACTH activity of the pituitary gland, body weight and body temperature. Most of the parameters examined revealed an increase in toxicity due to combined exposure. In the second part of the study, the results of histological, histochemical and morphologic studies are described: histology in lung, liver and thyroid, enzyme histochemistry in the liver, morphometry and storage of ¹³¹I in the thyroid. The results confirmed in general the increased effect of these pesticides at high environmental temperature.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 31 Aug. 1973, Vol.31, No.4, p.295-327. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 74-141 Autian J.
Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: Review of the literature.
Comprehensive review of recent literature on the subject and presentation of the results of animal experiments. Physical, chemical and toxic properties of a variety of phthalate esters are tabulated. Sections of the review are devoted to: chemistry, properties and applications; toxicology (acute, subacute and chronic toxicity; absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism; teratogenic mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; cellular toxicity); environmental and ecological aspects.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Experimental Issue No.4, June 1973, p.3-26. Illus. 56 ref.

1972

CIS 74-1660 Properties and essential information for safe handling and use of ethyl acetate.
Information is given on properties, hazards, engineering control, personal protective equipment, fire fighting, handling and storage, tank and equipment cleaning and repairs, waste disposal, medical information and first aid.
Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-51, Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, USA, 1972. 15p.

CIS 72-2515 Jones R.A., Strickland J.A., Siegel J.
Toxicity of propylene glycol 1,2-dinitrate in experimental animals
This study was undertaken to obtain information on inhalation toxicity of propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) in animals. Acute, repeated and long-term inhalation exposures were carried out, and oral, ocular and dermal tests were conducted. Physiological and biochemical changes resulting from inhalation of PGDN included anaemia, pigment deposition in various organs, fatty changes in the liver, methaemoglobin formation and greatly increased serum and urinary inorganic nitrates. A limit of 1.2mg PGDM/m³ is recommended for a 40-hour week industrial exposure.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, May 1972, Vol.22, No.1, p.128-137. 15 ref.

CIS 72-2729 Guthrie F.E.
Cholinesterase levels of cigar-wrapper tobacco workers exposed to parathion
Results of environmental and biochemical studies carried out to determine health hazards to tobacco harvesters. The cholinesterase level of 44 workers was monitored in 3 farms during the harvesting season. Although these workers had had contact with parathion residues (as shown by the presence of p-nitrophenol in urine and up to 5ppm of parathion on tobacco leaves), none showed any evidence of significant depression of red blood cell cholinesterase. One worker had a slight inhibition of plasma cholinesterase. It is recommended that a delay of 5 to 7 days should be observed before reentry into a field which has been treated with parathion.
Archives of Environmental Health, July 1972, Vol.25, No.1, p.32-37. 17 ref.

CIS 72-2490
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften)
Preventive medical examination criteria - Nitroglycerine and ethylene glycol dinitrate hazards
Berufsgenossenschaftliche Grundsätze für arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen - Gefährdung durch Nitroglycerin und Nitroglykol [in German]
Criteria for the prevention or early detection of disease due to nitroglycerine or ethylene glycol dinitrate. Aspects covered are: scope of pre-employment and periodic medical examinations; worker selection criteria; physical and chemical properties; maximum allowable concentrations in the workplace air; hazard sources; absorption and mode of action of nitroglycerine and ethylene glycol dinitrate; clinical picture of poisoning.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Arbeitshygiene, May 1972, Vol.7, No.5, p.141-142. 8 ref.

CIS 72-2132 Schuckmann F.
Methyl chlorocarbonate poisoning symptoms
Zur Symptomatik der Chlorameisensäuremethylestervergiftung [in German]
Description of a case of methyl chloroformate (methyl chlorocarbonate) poisoning characterised by very brief initial irritation and the extremely long latent period (36h) that preceded the appearance of massive symptoms and signs (cough, respiratory sounds, dyspnoea, slight fever). The fluctuating course of the subjective complaints and objective findings were always more pronounced during the morning. The action of methyl chlorocarbonate is insidious and poorly understood and there is need for a long period of observation even in cases where only very small quantities are inhaled.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, Mar. 1972, Vol.22, No.3, p.74-76. 3 ref.

CIS 72-2550 Morel C., Cavigneaux A.
(Institut national de recherche et de sécurité)
Dibutylphthalate
Ortho-phtalate de dibutyle [in French]
Data sheet. Uses, chemical and physical properties, fire hazards (slight), pathology and toxicology, methods of detection and determination in air. Review of the relevant French legislation on safety, health and transport. Engineering and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1972, No.68, Note No.808-68-72, p.339-341. 16 ref.

CIS 73-351 Minami M.
Effect of ethylene glycol dinitrate on metabolism of catecholamines and on blood pressure reaction to re-exposure
The relationship thought to exist between Monday-morning heart attack in dynamite workers and catecholamine metabolism, as influenced by withdrawal of ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), was investigated by injecting rats with EGDN subcutaneously for several days and then examining at intervals the changes in blood pressure and heart rate and in catecholamine concentrations in the heart, brain and adrenals. After 5 successive EGDN doses, organ catecholamine was increased and EGDN reinjection caused prolonged irreversible blood-pressure drop. After 10 successive doses, organ catecholamine was normal but urine noradrenaline was increased for 3 days. EGDN reinjection caused prolonged blood-pressure drop. Coronary spasm is more likely after 5 successive injections than after 10. Increased urine noradrenaline after 10 successive injections reflected increased blood noradrenaline which could alleviate the depressant action of EGDN reinjection. Clinical significance is discussed.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.321-327. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 73-477
(Comité central de coordination, Caisse nationale de l'assurance-maladie, Paris)
Dichlorvos-based insecticides not subject to statutory regulation [France]
Les insecticides à base de dichlorvos non soumis à la réglementation [France] [in French]
These recommendations indicate various precautions to be taken in the use of dichlorvos-based insecticides in solid or aerosol-container form.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1972, No.69, Note No.819-69-72 (Recommendation No.99), p.419.

CIS 73-1385
American Industrial Hygiene Association
Ethyl silicate
Method of collection of ethyl silicate - (C₂H₅)₄ SiO₂ - in air. The analytical determination involves addition of a molybdic acid reagent to the sample to form a silicomolybdate complex which is reduced by an acid reagent. The colour is read on a colorimetric meter which a 660nm filter. Interferences have not been determined.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1972, Vol.33, No.6, p.438. 2 ref.

1971

CIS 04-18 Industrial Safety (Monocrotophos) Order 1971 [Papua New Guinea]
Regulations on the safe use (mostly by spraying) of the pesticide monocrotophos (also known as azodrin), issued under the authority of the Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare Act 1961 (see CIS 92-4).
Internet copy, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute, School of Law, PMB 072, University of the South Pacific, Port Vila, Vanuatu, 1971. 5p.
http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/iso1971415/ [in English]

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