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Aromatic amines - 303 entries found

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  • Aromatic amines

1993

CIS 94-1327 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Benzidine
This report reviews the environmental and toxicological data on benzidine. The substance has been shown to cause cancer in occupationally exposed workers and is therefore a non-threshold toxicant. Benzidine is toxic as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Also available in French from the same source.
Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 17p. 57 ref.

CIS 94-978 Bolt H.M., Golka K.
On the past exposure of painters to azo colorants
Zur früheren Exposition von Malern gegenüber Azofarbmitteln [in German]
Present experimental data indicate that the bladder cancer risk of painters using azo dyes depends on the kind of azo dyes used. Only bioavailable soluble azo dyes may have a carcinogenic effect. An examination of past exposures of painters to bioavailable azo dyes reveals that up to the 1950's bioavailable, soluble azo dyes including dyes based on benzidine were used for the surface treatment of wood. In those days painters had to mix and prepare the dyes from powders. Skin contact and inhalation were unavoidable. After 1960 the carcinogenic azo dyes were no longer used by painters.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, 1993, Vol.28, No.10, p.417-421. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 94-45 N,N-Diphenylamine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-40 N,N'-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; methaemoglobinaemia; hypoxia; brain damage; kidney failure.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 93-2009
Japan Industrial Hygiene Association
Criteria for tentative safe exposure levels on the 1993 exposure limit list [Japan]
Kyoyō nōdo zanteichi (1993) no teian riyū [in Japanese]
Review of relevant primary literature on isoprothiolane, chlorobenzene, mercury and its compounds (except alkyl mercury compounds), 1,1-dichloroethane, methylene(bis)-o-chloroaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, methylene diisocyanate, silane, trinitrotoluene and monochloroethane. Exposure limits established in other countries are discussed.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, July 1993, Vol.35, No.4, p.346-367. 176 ref.

CIS 93-1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some naturally occurring substances - food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins
This publication represents the views and expert opinions on an IARC Working Group (Lyon, France, 9-16 June 1992). IARC final classification: Chinese-style salted fish and naturally occurring aflatoxins are carcinogenic in humans (Group 1); IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) is probably carcinogenic in humans (Group 2A); pickled vegetables (traditional Asian), caffeic acid, MeIQ (2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline), MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazol[4,5-b]pyridine), aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1 and B2, fusarin C and ochratoxin A are possibly carcinogenic in humans (Group 2B); other salted fish, d-Limonene, zearlenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone X and T-2 toxin are not classifiable as to their carninogenicity in humans (Group 3).
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 608p. Index. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 95.00.

CIS 93-1975 Fairhurst S., South D., Williams C., Cocker J., Brown R.
Health and Safety Executive
4,4'-Methylene dianiline - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit
This criteria document reviews the available data on 4,4'-methylene dianiline (MDA) and lists exposure limits and standards. A few oral, dermal and inhalation exposures to MDA have resulted in liver damage and one or two cases of myocardial effects and retinal damage have also been reported following a single exposure. No data are available on skin or eye irritancy in humans. There is little information on the effects of long-term exposure: cases of liver damage have been observed and one study indicated an apparent excess in mortality from bladder cancer. No data are available on the potential of MDA to produce genotoxic or reproductive effects in humans.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1993. vi, 37p. 85 ref. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 93-1874 Bi W.F., Rao J.Y., Hemstreet G.P., Fang P., Asal N.R., Zang M., Min K.W., Ma Z., Lee E., Li G., Hurst R.E., Bonner R.B., Wang Y., Fradet Y., Yin S.
Field molecular epidemiology - Feasibility of monitoring for the malignant bladder cell phenotype in a benzidine-exposed occupational cohort
The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using cellular and molecular methods in combination with medical and epidemiological methods in field studies to identify cancer cases, risk factors, and markers. A previously identified cohort of Chinese workers exposed to benzidine was studied by medical and exposure history questionnaires and interviews, physical examinations and sample collection for laboratory analysis. Three groups were included in this study: 23 bladder cancer cases who had been exposed to benzidine, 20 subjects with previous exposure history but not previously diagnosed with bladder cancer and a group of non-exposure and non-bladder cancer controls. Very sophisticated molecular techniques for measurement of DNA ploidy, tumour antigens, and oncogene proteins was successfully applied.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1993, Vol.35, No.1, p.20-27. Illus. 25 ref.

1992

CIS 02-1101 o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 84-1596. Synonyms: 2-toluidine, 2-methylbenzeneamine. Acute toxicity: methaemoglobinaemia; haemolysis; fall in pressure; jaundice and liver damage; splashes may induce ocular lesions. Chronic toxicity: carcinogenic effects (bladder tumor); cyanosis; vertigo; headache; asthenia; haematuria; cystitis; irritation dermatitis. Exposure limit (France): TWA = 9mg/m3 (2ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.612-091-00-X; T, R45, R23/25, R36, S53, S44. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed. (1992), CD-ROM CD 613, 2001. 4p. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 94-50 Aniline
Aniline [in French]
International chemical safety card. Classification: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes; may affect the blood and the central nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: liver, kidney and spleen damage; methaemoglobin formation. EC identification number and labelling codes: 612-008-00-7; T; R23/24/25-33; S28-36/37-44. United Nations Code: UN 1547 (6.1; II).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p. Illus.

CIS 93-1272 Seldén A., Berg P., Jakobsson R., de Laval J.
Methylene dianiline: Assessment of exposure and cancer morbidity in power generator workers
The biaromatic amine 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) is an animal carcinogen, possibly also carcinogenic in humans. In a cohort of 595 power generator workers potentially exposed to MDA in a curing agent of an epoxy system, the overall standardised cancer incidence ratio (SIR) among males (n=550), however, was only 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16-1.21) based on five observed cases. One male urinary bladder cancer case was found in comparison to 0.6 expected (SIR 1.67; 95% CI 0.04-9.31). This case was identified in an unexposed subcohort. High levels of MDA metabolites were ascertained in the urine of currently exposed workers, probably following percutaneous absorption. Although no evidence of an increased overall or bladder cancer risk was detected, the limitations of the study in regard to the size of the cohort, age and cancer latency preclude a definite risk assessment. The dermal absorption of MDA has been highlighted.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.63, No.6, p.403-408. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 93-748 Anisidine (o-, p-isomers)
Chemical safety information sheet taken from the newly revised edition of the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards". Effects of short-term exposure: skin absorption; methaemoglobinaemia. Effects of long-term exposure: anaemia; methaemoglobinaemia; dermatitis; skin sensitisation; may cause cancer in humans.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1992. 7p. 10 ref.

CIS 93-747 Aniline
Chemical safety information sheet taken from the newly revised edition of the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards". Effects of short-term exposure: skin absorption; delayed effects; haemolytic anaemia; jaundice; hypoxia. Effects of long-term exposure: anaemia; gastrointestinal disturbances; possible increased risk of bladder cancer.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1992. 7p. 16 ref.

CIS 92-1983 Indulski J.A., Lutz W.
Biological monitoring of risk of bladder cancer in persons occupationally exposed to aromatic amines
Recent advances in molecular biology and toxicology have greatly contributed to the early detection of biological changes associated with neoplasms. This paper reviews the issues regarding the screening of persons occupationally exposed to carcinogenic aromatic amines. The screening was designed for an early detection of bladder cancer by means of biochemical tests. The tests applied facilitated the estimation of the level of aromatic amines penetrating an organism (biomarkers of exposure), early diagnosis of the biochemical disorders which may influence cancer development (biomarkers of early effects) and the detection of genetic predispositions which enhance the risk of such disorders (biomarkers of susceptibility).
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.5, No.2, p.143-151. 51 ref.

CIS 92-1981 Castiglioni G., Carosso A., Manzoni S., Nebiolo F., Bugiani M.
Results of routine patch testing of 834 patients in Turin
834 consecutive patients (630 female), aged between 26 and 46 years, who were suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis, were patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series during 1989-1990. The most frequent sensitisers observed included nickel sulfate, cobalt, Kathon CG, perfumes, potassium dichromate and balsam of Peru. The influence of individual factors such as sex, age and occupation on the patch test results, and the coexistence of 2 or more unrelated but statistically significant sensitivities were evaluated.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1992, Vol.37, No.3, p.182-185. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 92-1980 Estlander T., Keskinen H., Jolanki R., Kanerva L.
Occupational dermatitis from exposure to polyurethane chemicals
In addition to asthma, contact dermatitis may also develop from occupational contact with polyurethane (PU) chemicals. 6 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to PU chemicals were diagnosed in 1974-1990. The present paper summarises the results and gives detailed descriptions of 3 such patients. The results suggest that when allergy to PU chemicals is suspected, patch tests should include, in addition to diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), at least 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 1.5-2% pet. They also suggest that test substances can be used for over a year, and that allergy to MDA may point to MDI exposure contained in PU chemicals.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1992, Vol.27, No.3, p.161-165. 17 ref.

1991

CIS 00-649 Benzidine
Bencidina [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0224. International Chemical Safety Card. Long-term exposure effects: carcinogen. Threshold limit value: A1 class for skin (ACGIH).
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus.

CIS 97-1806 Xylidine (mixed isomers)
Xilidina (mezcla de isómeros) [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0600. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the blood (methaemoglobin formation). Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys, liver and red blood cells. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm, 2.5mg/m3 A2 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 96-2011 p-Phenylenediamine
p-Fenilendiamina [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0805. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; asthmatic reactions (may be delayed); haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1mg/m3 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 96-1993 N,N'-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
N,N,-Dimetil-p-toluidina [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0456. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia causing cyanosis, brain damage and renal insufficiency); exposure to high concentrations may lead to death.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 96-477 N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimetilanilina [in Spanish]
Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0877. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; haematotoxic effects: methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 25mg/m3 (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); STEL: 10ppm, 50mg/m3 (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 95-847 2,4-Toluenediamine
4-Metil-1,3-fenilendiamina [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0582. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; skin burns; may affect the liver and blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; possible human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage; may impair male fertility; retarded development of the newborn. Occupational exposure limits: MAK: Class III A2 (1989).
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-1545 Marsh G.M., Leviton L.C., Talbott E.O., Callahan C., Pavlock D., Hemstreet G., Logue J.N., Fox J., Schulte P.
Drake Chemical Workers' Health Registry Study: I. Notification and medical surveillance of a group of Workers at high risk of developing bladder cancer
A medical surveillance programme and epidemiologic study of 408 former workers of the Drake Chemical Company was established in 1986. The Drake Health Registry Study was initiated because these workers had probable past exposures to beta-naphthylamine (BNA), a potent bladder carcinogen. The registry is widely viewed as a model for notification of workers at high risk of bladder cancer. 40 months later, out of the 366 living workers 262 were enrolled in the annual screening for bladder cancer. Among these, 27 persons have had abnormal screening results indicating moderate to high risk of bladder cancer and were made eligible for further diagnostic tests. While no invasive bladder tumors were found among 18 persons completing the extended diagnostic evaluation, two diagnoses of moderate to severe dysplasia were made. The registry has also identified three living and three deceased cases of bladder cancer in the cohort; a mortality analysis showed a 20- to 30-fold excess of bladder cancer. An incidence projection has revealed that between six and ten new bladder cancer cases are likely to occur among the Drake cohort over the next year period.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.19, No.3, p.291-301. 18 ref.

CIS 93-717 Decree No.275/91 of 7 July 1991, regulating particular measures of prevention and of the protection of the health of workers against the risks of exposure to certain chemical substances [Portugal]
Regulamenta as medidas especiais de prevenção e protecção da saúde dos trabalhadores contra os riscos de exposição a algumas substâncias químicas [in Portuguese]
This Decree is issued in accordance with provisions of Decree 479/85 concerning carcinogens (see CIS 87-735). It also implements in Portuguese legislation Directive 88/364/EEC (see CIS 90-1423) concerning the protection of workers through the prohibition of certain specific agents and activities. The Decree prohibits, except for specific derogations, the production and use of the following carcinogens: 2-naphthylamine and its salts; 4-aminobiphenyl and its salts; benzidine and its salts; 4-nitrobiphenyl. Even in cases of derogation, protective measures are obligatory, and previous authorisation by the competent authority is needed. Potentially exposed workers must be informed of the hazards they face.
In: Colectânea de Legislação - Segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho - Instrumentos comunitários e legislação portuguesa, Serviço de Informação Científica e Técnica (SICT), Ministério do Emprego e da Segurança Social (MESS), Lisboa, Portugal, May 1992, p.LP 51-52.

CIS 93-80 p-Toluidine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; anaemia; damage to kidneys and bladder. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; methaemoglobinaemia.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-79 o-Toluidine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; anaemia; damage to kidneys and bladder. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; methaemoglobinaemia; possible human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-78 m-Toluidine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; anaemia; damage to kidneys and bladder. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; methaemoglobinaemia.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-42 1,3-Diamino-2-methylbenzene
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may cause genetic damage in humans; may impair male fertility.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1620 Neumeister C.E.
Analysis of urine to monitor exposures to benzidine, o-dianisidine, o-tolidine, and 4,4'-methylenedianiline
Aromatic diamines have great potential for dermal absorption as an exposure route. Also, the body exhibits the ability to reductively cleave an azo dye to its corresponding aromatic diamine. These factors demonstrate the need for biological monitoring to complement environmental monitoring when assessing occupational exposures, especially because certain aromatic diamines are known or potential carcinogens. A sampling and analytical procedure for their measurement was developed for use in industrial hygiene investigations. Using ultraviolet detection, the limit of detection (LOD) for 4 aromatic diamines was <2µg/L while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was <6µg/L. For electrochemical detection, the LOD was <0.3µg/L and the LOQ was <0.9µg/L.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Nov. 1991, Vol.6, No.11, p.953-958. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 92-1125 Trifluralin
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: tumours in experimental animals; may cause genetic damage in humans.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1105 Benzidine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; liver, kidney and bone marrow disorders; carcinogenic in humans; may cause genetic damage in humans.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-464 Matsuoka K., Etoh K., Yoshitake N.
Clinical analysis of patients with occupational urothelial tumours
Shokugyōsei nyōro jōhi shuyō no kaiseki [in Japanese]
The incidence of occupational urothelial carcinoma and the accompanying problems were studied in workers who had manufactured or handled dyestuffs at a chemical factory. 25 cases of urothelial carcinomas, mainly consisting of urinary bladder carcinoma, occurred among 398 men who were examined at regular intervals; the incidence rate was 6.3%. The mean age at onset, mean period of exposure to aromatic compounds and mean latent period were 61 years, 7.2 years and 30 years, respectively. The highest incidences were associated with prolonged exposure and smoking. As the age at entry in the workforce advanced, the latent period became shorter. The incidence was highest in workers exposed to 2 or 3 aromatics, followed by those exposure to benzidine and alpha-naphthylamine. No urothelial carcinoma occured in those who worked with beta-naphthylamine. 94% of the carcinomas were superficial and transurethral resections were performed for bladder carcinomas. The recurrence rate in the bladder cavity after surgery was 39%, which is almost the same as for non-occupational bladder carcinomas; however, the recurrence rate in the upper urinary tract was relatively high (26%). The 5, 10, 20 year survival rates were 92%, 72% and 47%, respectively. Three of the 8 patients dying of cancer died of double cancer. The incidence rate for non-urothelial cancer was 5.7%.
Japanese Journal of Urology, 20 July, 1991, Vol.82, No.7, p.1118-1124. 28 ref.

CIS 92-572
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Diphenylamine (n-phenylbenzeneamine)
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a German report published in Feb. 1988: one report of poisoning of industrial workers by inhalation of diphenylamine fumes and dust and by skin penetration describes the clinical signs of poisoning as bladder disorders, tachycardia, hypertension and eczema. No further information is available on diphenylamine exposure or toxicity in humans. Animal experiments show that it has adverse effects on the blood system (methaemoglobinaemia), the liver and the kidneys. Ecotoxicity data. Legislative requirements in Germany.
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-W-6940 Weinheim, Germany, 1991. 44p. 120 ref.

CIS 92-565
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
3-Trifluoromethylaniline (3-trifluoromethylbenzeneamine)
Conclusions of this criteria document: 3-trifluoromethylaniline has been show to irritate the skin and mucous membranes. Animal experiments show it to be a strong, indirect methaemoglobin-forming agent. Ecotoxicological data are also provided.
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-W-6940 Weinheim, Germany, 1991. 43p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-126 Myslak Z.W., Bolt H.M., Brockmann W.
Tumors of the urinary bladder in painters: A case-control study
In a case-control study, 403 male patients with a diagnosis of "bladder tumour" and (as controls) 426 patients suffering from prostate disease were investigated. Past employment as a painter was associated with an excess risk of bladder tumour. The relative risk of bladder tumour estimated for painters was 2.76. The possible role of benzidine-based azo dyes (or azo dyes based on substituted benzidines) as a carcinogenic risk factor for painters is discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1991, Vol.19, No.6, p.705-713. 57 ref.

CIS 91-371 Benzidine
Bencidina [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA, and adaptation into Spanish of the corresponding data sheet from the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards" (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-104).
Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 1991, Vol.53, No.2, 5p. Insert.

1990

CIS 92-1287 Myslak Z.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Azo-dyes based on known or suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines - Identification, uses and manufacturing periods
Azofarbmittel auf der Basis krebserzeugender und -verdächtiger aromatischer Amine - Identifikation, Verwendungsbereiche, Herstellungszeiträume [in German]
All azo dyes based on aromatic amines known or suspected to be carcinogens are compiled. For each listed azo dye, the type of dye such as acid, basic, direct, mordant or solvent dye is stated. The colour index number, the coupling component, trade name, manufacturer, period of manufacture and the industry in which the dye is used (textile, leather good, pulp and paper or other), are indicated.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1990. 338p. Illus. 4 ref. Index. Price: DEM 37.00.

CIS 91-1293 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing bladder cancer from exposure to o-toluidine and aniline
On the basis of reviews of human and animal data in the literature and significant new epidemiological evidence of increased bladder cancer presented in this report, NIOSH concludes that o-toluidine and aniline are potential occupational carcinogens and recommends that exposures be reduced to the lowest feasible concentration. Recommended measures include: information and training of personnel; engineering controls (enclosed systems, back-up leak protection); correct work practices; use of chemical protective clothing and respiratory protection; environmental and biological monitoring; medical screening.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Dec. 1990. 13p. 31 ref.

CIS 91-457 Steineck G., Plato N., Norell S.E., Hogstedt C.
Urothelial cancer and some industry-related chemicals: an evaluation of the epidemiologic literature
The authors add combustion gases / soot from coal to the list of substances considered as increasing the risk of urothelial cancer. It is however uncertain whether this risk is due to contaminants of aromatic amines in tar volatiles or whether it depends on other agents, such as nitroarenes or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The authors find some support for the hypothesis that exposure to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons increases the risk of urothelial cancer. For creosote, cutting fluids and cutting oils, hair dyes, and polychlorinated biphenyls, data are scarce. Available data do not support the hypothesis that asbestos is associated with urothelial cancer.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1990, Vol.17, No.3, p.371-391. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 91-464 Seidenari S., Danese P., Nardo D., Hanzini B.M., Motolese A.
Contact sensitization among ceramics workers
139 workers from 3 ceramics factories underwent a dermatological and allergological examination, using standard and occupational patch test series, in order to evaluate the prevalence of dermatitis and contact sensitisation, to identify the most important sensitising substances in the ceramics industry, and to correlate the results with possible risk factors such as atopy. Hand dermatitis had affected 37% of the subjects examined. 27% of the workers were sensitised to 1 or more allergens. Of 52 subjects with dermatitis, 37% had allergic contact dermatitis and 63% irritant contact dermatitis. 18 subjects were found to be sensitised without showing any previous or present clinical symptoms. Atopy tended towards correlation with the overall incidence of dermatitis, though not with the prevalence of sensitisation.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1990, Vol.22, No.1, p.45-49. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 91-126 Neumann H.G.
Arylamine induced systematic carcinogenesis
Systemische Kanzerogenese durch Arylamine [in German]
This review of metabolic and cytological processes induced by occupational exposure to arylamines shows that these compounds are activated mainly in the liver. The blood stream distributes the activated metabolites throughout the body and ultimate carcinogens are very likely formed in the target organ. Reactive metabolites initiate cellular susceptibility to tumour promotion. The role of specific enzymes in all of these steps is described. It differs widely among various species.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Apr. 1990, Vol.25, No.4, p.154-157. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 90-1104 Aniline
International chemical safety card. Classification: toxic. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes; may affect the blood and the central nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: liver, kidney and spleen damage; methaemoglobin formation. EC identification number and labelling codes: 612-008-00-7; T; R23/24/25-33; S28-36/37-44. United Nations Code: UN 1547 (6.1; II).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p. Illus.

CIS 90-727 Benzidine
Benzidine [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA (8H) = 0.008mg/m3. Toxicity: skin absorption; dermatitis; bladder cancer. EC identification numbers and mandatory labelling codes: No.612-042-00-2; T, R45, R22, S53. S44.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1990. 5p. 24 ref.

1989

CIS 91-1122
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
2-Naphthylamine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 87-844. 2-naphthylamine is toxic by inhalation and is easily absorbed through the skin (LD50 = 727mg/kg). Causes allergic eczema. Carcinogenic. Used only for research purposes, with a special permit necessary. Mandatory European labelling: T, R26, R27, R28, R39, R103, S22, S27, S36, S45, S102.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-750
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
p-Anisidine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-60. The substance p-anisidine is a a toxic liquid (LD50 = 675mg/kg). The liquid is absorbed through the skin. Toxic if ingested. It irritates and corrodes the skin. Can cause chemical burns. The vapour irritates the eyes, the mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. Lacrymating agent. Long-term exposure can cause eczema. The vapour can damage the respiratory tract and tooth enamel. Mandatory European labelling: T, R26, R27, R28, R33, S28, S36, S37, S45.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-749
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Aniline
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-58. Aniline is a carcinogen (LD50 = 440mg/kg; TLV = 2ppm). The vapour is toxic if inhaled. The liquid is absorbed through the skin, is toxic if in contact with the skin and is harmful if ingested. It irritates the skin and the mucous membranes and is a sensitiser. It causes lowered ability of the blood to take up oxygen, leading to anaemia and haematuria. Long-term exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system, the liver and the kidneys. Mandatory European labelling: T, R23, R24, R25, R33, R103, S28, S36, S37, S44, S103.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 90-1768 Production and use of some specific dangerous substances - Decree No.89-593 of 28 Aug. 1989 [France]
Production et utilisation de certaines substances dangereuses - Décret n°89-593 du 28 août 1989 [France] [in French]
The provisions of this decree published in the Journal officiel of 30 Aug. 1989 apply to preparations including more than 0.1% weight of, respectively 2-naphthylamine and its salts, 4-aminobiphenyl and its salts, benzidine and its salts and 4-nitrodiphenyl: use limitation, notification of use to the labour inspector, aptitude certificates for workers, training of workers.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th Quarter 1989, No.137, Note No.1760-137-89, p.697-698.

CIS 90-1273 Andreou H.L.
Aromatic amines and cancer of the urinary bladder
Paragōga arōmatikōn aminōn kai karkinos tēs ourodohou kusteōs [in Greek]
This review article discusses the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines (β-naphthylamine, benzidine) used in azo dyes. Though these substances are normally considered to be biologically inert, there is some epidemiologic and metabolic evidence that they can cause cancer of the urinary bladder. Even cessation of azo dye production would not entirely eliminate the risk of exposure, as these substances are in widespread use in manufactured products. Appropriate protective measures are suggested.
Iatrikē tēs Ergasias, Apr.-June 1989, Vol.1, No.2, p.76-84. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 90-941 Safe handling of azo dyes
Sicherer Umgang mit Azo-Farbstoffen [in German]
Some azo dyes used in the textile industry contain aromatic amines which are proven or suspected carcinogens. Safety measures required by law in Germany (Fed.Rep.) for handling azo dyes with a potential for causing cancer comprise: proper labelling, notification of inspection agency, medical examination of personnel prior to and at regular intervals during exposure, installation of exhaust systems or the wearing of face-masks and protective clothing for handling powdered azo dyes.
Der Unfallschirm, Mitteilungsblatt der Textil- und Bekleidungs-Berufsgenossenschaft, 1989, No.2, p.3-5. Illus.

CIS 90-594 Current Intelligence Bulletin No.53 - Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and toluenediamine (TDA): Evidence of carcinogenicity
Experimental studies have demonstrated that TDI and TDA (a hydrolysis product of TDI) are carcinogens. The test results meet both OSHA and NIOSH criteria for classifying a substance as a potential occupational carcinogen. NIOSH therefore recommends that all isomers of TDI and TDA be considered as potential carcinogens and that exposures be limited to the lowest feasible concentrations.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati OH 45226, USA, 1989. 20p. Bibl.

CIS 89-1113 Aniline
Aniline [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limits (France, 1983): TWA = 10mg/m3. Acute toxicity: is absorbed through skin; methaemoglobinaemia; cyanosis; hepatic and renal disorders. Chronic toxicity: anaemia; dermatitis. EEC identification number and labelling codes: No.612-008-00-7; T; R23/24/25; R33, S28, S36/37; S44.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1989. 5p. Bibl.

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