Aromatic amines - 303 entries found

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1997

CIS 98-840
Health and Safety Executive
Aniline - Risk assessment document
Topics: aniline; carcinogenic effects; criteria document; exposure evaluation; exposure tests; hypoxia; irritants; methaemoglobinaemia; mutagenic effects; sampling and analysis; sensitization; skin absorption; toxic effects; toxicology; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. iv, 79p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 98-741 Morikawa Y., Shiomi K., Ishihara Y., Matsuura N.
Triple primary cancers involving kidney, urinary bladder, and liver in a dye worker
Topics: benzidine; bladder tumour; case study; dyestuff industry; histology; Japan; liver cancer; renal cancer.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 1997, Vol.31, No.1, p.44-49. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 98-222
Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden)
Diphenylamine - Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit
Topics: criteria document; diphenylamine; irritants; Netherlands; sensitizers; threshold limit values; toxicity evaluation; toxicology.
Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 5406, 2280 HK Rijswijk, Netherlands, 1997. 51p. 54 ref.

CIS 97-1634
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Xylidines (dimethylanilines)
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in June 1994: animal studies indicate that most xylidines are harmful to health after single, oral application; 2,4-xylidine is poisonous by inhalation; effects of different isomers in animals include methaemoglobin formation, liver and kidney damage, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, and mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1997. xxii, 187p. 292 ref. Price: DEM 106.00.

CIS 97-1630
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Aniline
This report is a translation of a report finalized in August 1995. Main conclusions: aniline causes eye irritation and has a weak sensitizing potential; it is absorbed through the skin and is a potent methaemoglobin-forming agent; symptoms of acute aniline poisoning in humans include disturbance of consciousness and cyanosis; animal studies indicate that, apart from the blood, additional target organs include the spleen, liver, kidneys and bone marrow.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1997. xix, 160p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 97-1275
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Benzoic acid/sodium benzoate. m-Toluidine. C.I. Reactive Black 5
These reports are translations of reports finalized in June and December 1993. Main conclusions: benzoic acid and sodium benzoate show slight acute toxicity; benzoic acid has a mildly irritating effect on human skin; animal studies indicate that m-toluidine is slightly toxic, the target organ being the haematopoietic system; repeated occupational exposure to C.I. Reactive Black 5 (Remazol Black), particularly in the dust form, may cause contact allergy and respiratory sensitization; there is no evidence of genotoxic potential for any of these substances.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1997. xii, 222p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 112.00.

1996

CIS 01-487 Lind P., Dalene M., Skarping G., Hagmar L.
Toxicokinetics of 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine in hydrolysed urine and plasma after occupational exposure to 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate
To assess the toxicokinetics of 2,4- and 2,6- toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in chronically exposed subjects, blood and urine from 11 Swedish workers at two flexible foam polyurethane production plants were sampled. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diamine (TDA) were measured as pentafluoropropionic anhydride derivatives after acidic hydrolysis of plasma (P-TDA, ng/mL) and urine (U-TDA, µg/h). Concentrations of P-2,4-TDA and P-2,6-TDA, and urinary elimination rates of 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA before and after holiday periods are reported for each of the plants. The half-life in plasma of chronically exposed workers for 2,4- and 2,6-TDA was twice as long as for volunteers with short term exposure. An indication of a two-phase elimination pattern in urine was found. The first phase was related to the more recent exposure and the much slower second phase was probably related to release of TDA in urine from TDI adducts in the body.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1996, Vol.53, No.2, p.94-99. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 98-22
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Benzidine-based chemical substances; Significant new uses of certain chemical substances: Final Rule [USA]
This Final Rule (entry into force 20 Nov 1996) was made under the Control of Toxic Substances Act (CIS 89-23). Includes a list of benzidine-based substances. Topics: benzidine; carcinogens; chemical hazards; chemical products; law; list of chemical substances; notification of dangerous substances; toxic substances; USA; uses.
Federal Register, 7.Oct. 1996, Vol.61, No.195, p. 52287-52296.

CIS 97-1824 N-Methylaniline
Monometilanilina [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; may have haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobin formation resulting in hypoxia and cyanosis); may cause anaemia.
Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1996, Vol.58, No.9. 3p. Insert.

CIS 97-1821 Xylidine
Xilidina [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobin formation resulting in hypoxia and cyanosis); may affect the lungs, liver and kidneys.
Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1996, Vol.58, No.8. 4p. Insert.

CIS 97-1108 Diphenylamine
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes and skin. May damage the kidneys and cause bladder symptoms. May affect the liver.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-1101 Diethyl aniline
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes and skin. May cause methaemoglobinaemia and anaemia. May damage the liver.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-1236 Talaska G., et al.
Development and application of non-invasive biomarkers for carcinogen-DNA adduct analysis in occupationally exposed populations
Exposure tests to carcinogenic compounds in the workplace were conducted using carcinogen-DNA adduct analysis as a biomarker. A non-invasive technique was developed relying on the determination of exfoliated urothelial and bronchial cells in urine and sputum, respectively, collected from 33 workers exposed to benzidine or benzidine-based dyes. Mean levels of a specific DNA adduct were elevated significantly in the benzidine-exposed workers relative to controls. In addition, workers exposed to benzidine had higher adduct levels than those exposed to benzidine-based dyes. The combination of non-invasive techniques for the monitoring of exposure and effect, and of the effectiveness of industrial hygiene interventions can be used to detect and prevent exposures to a wide range of carcinogens, including those found in used gasoline engine oils and jet exhausts.
Toxicology, 1996, Vol.111, p.207-212. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 97-769 Aniline hydrochloride
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate and burn the eyes and skin. May cause methaemoglobinaemia.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-923 Ouellet-Hellstrom R., Rench J.D.
Bladder cancer incidence in arylamine workers
Cancer incidence was investigated in a cohort of 700 workers employed at a chemical plant between mid-1965 and 1989. The plant produced a variety of chemicals including arylamines such as dichlorobenzidine, o-dianisidine and o-tolidine; benzidine production ceased prior to mid-1965. The principal finding was a significant increase in the standardized incidence ratio for bladder cancer in men. Based on an exposure classification system, the observed association between bladder cancer cases and exposure to arylamines increased with increasing exposure. Smoking probably contributed to the bladder cancer risk, as all case subjects were known to be current or former cigarette smokers.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1239-1247. 18 ref.

CIS 97-385 2-Ethylaniline
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. Irritates the skin and eyes. May cause skin allergy, methaemoglobinaemia, liver damage and neurotoxic effects.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-173 Robert A., Ducos P., Francin J.M.
Assessment of occupational exposure to 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) in France
Evaluation de l'exposition professionnelle à la 4,4'-méthylènedianiline (MDA) en France [in French]
Methylenedianiline (MDA), a suspected human carcinogen in the European carcinogen classification system, is used in a number of industrial sectors in conjunction with resins and composite materials. Exposure to MDA was assessed in workers in 10 French firms by measuring urinary MDA excretion levels. Analysis of 368 post-shift urine samples collected from 133 workers reveals that urinary excretion of MDA is much higher in workers handling flaked MDA than in those handling MDA in solution (44% and 8% of values, respectively, in excess of 50µg/L). The mean rates were 140µg/L for the factories using flaked MDA and 13µg/L for the 6 factories using liquid formulations, with values ranging from 58 to 197µg/L and from <2 to 33µg/L respectively. Simple modifications of working practices can greatly reduce the urinary excretion levels, especially in workers handling flaked MDA. The usefulness of biological monitoring for following up exposed workers and assessing preventive measures is stressed. In the light of the current technical and analytical possibilities in France, it is recommended to reduce the present biological guide value used by industrial hygienists from 100µg/L down to 50µg/L.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1996, No.165, Note No.2032-165-96, p.467-474. Illus. 35 ref.
http://www.inrs.fr/htm/evaluation_exposition_professionnelle_la_4_4.html [in French]

CIS 96-1762 Novara R., Coda R., Martone T., Vineis P.
Exposure to aromatic amines and ras and c-erB-2 overexpression in bladder cancer
Since overexpression of ras and c-er B-2 oncogenes occurs in bladder cancer, immunohistochemical analysis of the encoded protein products p21 and p185 was performed in six bladder cancer biopsies of workers exposed to high levels of 2-naphthylamine and benzidine. Eleven unexposed bladder cancer patients, 6 subjects with benign bladder conditions and 16 healthy subjects were similarly analyzed. In the latter group biopsies were obtained during cystoscopies prompted by clinical symptoms. Overexpression of ras was found in 4 of 6 exposed cancer patients, 3 of 11 unexposed cancer patients, 0 of 6 benign disease patients and none of 16 healthy subjects. No association was found between occupational exposure and c-er B-2 overexpression.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.38, No.4, p.390-393. 26 ref.

CIS 96-1793
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
4,4-Methylenedianiline
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in December 1993: 4,4-methylenedianiline is well absorbed through the skin. In humans it has a mainly hepato- and nephrotoxic effect; two studies describe degenerative changes of the retina and electrocardiographic changes. There are also reports of sensitization in humans. Animal studies indicate that the substance is carcinogenic; studies of genotoxicity showed mainly positive results.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xv, 125p. 346 ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

CIS 96-1792
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
p-Aminodiphenylamine
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in April 1993: 4-aminodiphenylamine can lead to primary skin irritation in humans. Several cases of dermal sensitization have been described, but the sensitizing potential of the substance does not appear to be very great. Animal studies indicate that it is of moderate acute toxicity; repeated exposure may cause methaemoglobin formation, effects on the red blood cells and functional liver disturbances. It may also have genotoxic and teratogenic effects.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xv, 69p. 118 ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 96-1791
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, chloromethane, o-nitroanisole, p-nitroanisole, m-/p-chloronitrobenzene, dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, dibutylphthalate, chlorotoluene, N-ethylaniline, dioxane
This report contains supplementary data to 11 earlier BUA Reports: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BUA Report No. 4), chloromethane (BUA 7, see CIS 96-906), o-nitroanisole (1-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene) (BUA 9, CIS 94-636), p-nitroanisole (BUA 10, CIS 94-997), m-/p-chloronitrobenzene (BUA 11), dinitrotoluene (BUA 12), diphenylamine (BUA 15, CIS 95-572), dibutyl phthalate (BUA 22, CIS 94-998), chlorotoluene (BUA 38), N-ethylaniline (BUA 51) and dioxane (BUA 80). The supplements are translations of reports finalized between December 1992 and June 1993.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. 221p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 96.00.

CIS 96-942 Gregg N., South D., Brown R., Cocker J.
Health and Safety Executive
Ortho-toluidine - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit
With the exception of carcinogenicity studies, little useful information is available on the effects of single or repeated exposure to o-toluidine in humans. Exposure to mixtures of chemicals including o-toluidine in the dyestuff and rubber industries appears to be associated with an increased incidence of bladder cancer. However, it is not possible to link this observation specifically to o-toluidine. Proposed limit: 0.2ppm (0.89mg.m^-3) 8-hour TWA. Notation: skin.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 45p. Illus. 168 ref. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 96-903
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Supplementary reports II - m-Dichlorobenzene; Bromomethane; 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene; N,N-Diethylaniline; Styrene; Biphenyl; o/m-Chloroaniline; Nitrobenzene
This document comprises translations of supplementary reports, finalized between June 1993 and April 1994, relating to eight substances evaluated in earlier BUA reports. The new data relate mainly to the results of animal studies carried out following recommendations in the original reports. No human effects are reported.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xxiv, 157p. Bibl.ref.

1995

CIS 02-1552 N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine
N,N'-Di-sek-butyl-p-phenylendiamin [in German]
No methaemoglobin formation has been observed in workers involved in the manufacture of, or during contact with, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. Animal experiments indicate that the substance is toxic upon acute oral administration but harmful upon dermal application. It causes methaemoglobin formation and typical signs of toxicity. In vitro tests show no genotoxic activity.
Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Postfach 10 14 80, 69004 Heidelberg, Germany, June 1995. 15p. 19 ref.

CIS 02-563 α-Naphthylamine
α-Naphthylamin [in German]
Toxicological criteria document. There are no conclusive indications that 1-naphthylamine has carcinogenic potential. Animal experiments show toxicity upon acute oral and dermal exposure. A mutagenic and chromosome-damaging activity has been found in various test systems.
Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Postfach 10 14 80, 69004 Heidelberg, Germany, June 1995. 115p. 283 ref.

CIS 99-606 Lundberg P.
Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards XVI
Vetenskapligt Underlag för Hygieniska Gränsvärden 16 [in Swedish]
This volume consists of the consensus reports submitted by the Criteria Group at the Swedish National Institute for Working Life between July 1994 and June 1995. Topics: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 2-nitropropane; aluminium; butoxyethoxyethyl acetate; diethylaminoethanol; isopropoxyethanol; propyl acetate; diethylenetriamine; diethylene glycol butyl ether; dimethyl ether; pentaerythritol; diphenylamine; diethylene glycol isobutyl ether; ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether acetate; trimethylolpropane; criteria document; determination of exposure limits; gallium and compounds; lactates; limitation of exposure; literature survey; Sweden; toxic effects; toxicology; translation.
Arbetslivsinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 94p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 99-238 Toxicological profile for Otto Fuels II
Topics: 2-nitrodiphenylamine; cardiovascular disorders; Otto fuel II; dibutyl sebacate; coronary diseases; criteria document; determination in biological matter; dyspnoea; exposure evaluation; glossary; haematological effects; health hazards; hepatic damage; irritation; legislation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; migraine; mutagenic effects; nephrotoxic effects; neurological effects; propylene glycol dinitrate; sensitization; skin absorption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA; vestibular disorders.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, June 1995. xvii, 176p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 97-227
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for benzidine: Update
Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: sensitization dermatitis; carcinogenic effects; bladder cancer.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Aug. 1995. 170p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 96-1382 Maurer S., Seubert A., Seubert S., Fuchs T.
Contact dermatitis from textiles
Kontaktallergie auf Textilien [in German]
Between April 1992 and April 1994, 26 patients with contact dermatitis were subjected to patch tests with selected textile chemicals. Of the 26 patients, 21 were women aged 23-81 and five were men aged 22-58. In nine cases, positive reactions to one or more textile dyes were observed. Dark dyes, primarily various kinds of disperse blue, were involved. Three of the patients tested positively to textile finishes. Of 18 patients additionally tested with acetone-soaked samples of their clothing or shoes, five reacted positively. Allergic reactions to textiles in general are rare but should not be overlooked when diagnosing the causes of contact dermatitis.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, Mar.-Apr. 1995, Vol. 43, No.2, p.63-68. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 96-287
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Aminofen
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1992: no data are available on the effects of aminofen (4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)aniline) in humans; no sensitization effects have been observed during its manufacture. Animal studies indicate that it is of low to moderate toxicity.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xv, 52p. Illus. 57 ref. Price: DEM: 48.00.

CIS 96-58 Anisidine (o and p isomers)
Anisidina (isómeros o y p) [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; haematotoxic effects: methaemoglobinaemia, hypoxia, blood-cell anomalies.
Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1995, Vol.57, No.8. 3p. Insert.

CIS 96-280
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
1,5-Naphthylenediamine
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1992: no information is available on the effects of 1,5-naphthylenediamine in humans. Animal studies indicate that it is of moderate acute toxicity. The substance does not irritate the skin or eyes; some sensitizing potential has been observed.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xiv, 53p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 95-2183
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
N,N-Dimethylaniline
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in Apr. 1992: no well documented studies are available on the effects of N,N-dimethylaniline in humans. Effects of acute intoxication at high doses include cyanosis, breathing difficulties and circulatory collapse. Results of one long-term study of occupational exposure indicated an increase in methaemoglobin.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xiv, 76p. approx. 150 ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 95-1797
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Phenylenediamines (1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminobenzene)
Translation of a document finalized in June 1992. Little information is available on the effect of o- and m-phenylenediamine in man. Acute oral intoxication with p-phenylenediamine causes local irritation, depletion of erythrocytes and skeletal muscle cells with acute renal failure, or oedema of the head and neck with dyspnoea; it is also a common allergen. There are reports of acute intoxication with hair dyes containing p-phenylenediamine; effects include allergic reactions, damage to the liver, kidney and nervous system and changes in the eye lens. There is no clear evidence for a carcinogenic effect of hair dyes.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xxi, 259p. approx. 500 ref. Price: DEM 102.00.

1994

CIS 97-482 Piolatto G., Pira E., Meliga F.
The use and usefulness of multistage models of carcinogenesis in cohort studies
L'uso e l'utilità dei modelli multistage di cancerogenesi negli studi di coorte [in Italian]
This is a review of multistage models applied to data on exposure to aromatic amines and bladder cancer mortality. The results suggest that aromatic amines act on more than one stage of the carcinogenic process, most probably on both early and late stages. The effect on late stages implies a decreasing risk after cessation of exposure, and in this case discontinuing it can be useful; an effect on early stages, instead, indicates the necessity of intensive medical surveillance even after cessation of exposure.
Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1994, Vol.85, No.1, p.78-83. 11 ref.

CIS 96-1979 Dimethylaniline
Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May cause methaemoglobinaemia. Irritates the eyes and skin. May damage the kidneys and liver and affect the nervous system.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p.

CIS 95-2145 Vineis P.
Epidemiology of cancer from exposure to arylamines
Occupational exposure to certain arylamines is associated with exceptionally elevated risks of bladder cancer. In one plant, all 15 workers involved in distilling naphthylamine developed bladder cancer. More recently, exposure to other arylamines also has been suggested to increase the risk of bladder cancer in humans. In addition, cohort and case-control studies suggest that several job titles or exposures may involve elevated risks of bladder cancer. Some of these jobs or exposures are associated with exposure to arylamines. Arylamines are also found in tobacco smoke, and some evidence suggests this can explain the risk of bladder cancer, which has been shown clearly in smokers. Epidemiologic analyses of timing of exposure in workers exposed to arylamines or in air-cured tobacco smokers suggest that arylamines exert both an early- and late-stage activity, compatible with a two-mutation theory of bladder carcinogenesis.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Oct. 1994, Vol.102, Suppl.6, p.7-10. 19 ref.

CIS 95-978 Pendergrass S.M.
An approach for estimating workplace exposure to o-toluidine, aniline, and nitrobenzene
A comprehensive approach to estimating worker exposure to o-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene using a combination of surface wipe, dermal badge and air samples is described. Desorption of each sample was accomplished with ethanol followed by analysis using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Analyte recovery was maximized when the gauze wipes and dermal badges were immediately extracted with ethanol after sample collection. Collection of the airborne analytes was improved over previous solid sorbent sampling methods by using a sampling train consisting of an acid treated glass fibre filter in series with a large capacity silica gel tube. The greatest recoveries of aniline and o-toluidine were from the large capacity silica gel sorbent tubes. The limit of detection for each analyte was approximately 10 times more sensitive than reported in previous NIOSH methods.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1994, Vol.55, No.8, p.733-737. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 95-1039
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine
The slight irritant effect of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PAN) observed in animals is not seen in humans; contact dermatitis patients react positively to PAN in patch tests. An increased tumour incidence was observed in a study of workers exposed to PAN and other substances, but this increase could not be attributed to exposure to PAN alone. Available studies do not allow an evaluation of toxicity after repeated administration.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xvii, 68p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 95-637 Peter C., Bohne-Matusall R., Hoting E., Egmose K.
Material testing of protective gloves for hairdressers
Materialprüfung von Arbeitsschutzhandschuhen für den Friseurberuf [in German]
Most of the protective gloves used by hairdressers are made of natural or nitrile latex. The breakthrough times and permeation rates of the hair dye constituents ammonium persulfate and paraphenylenediamines as well as of glyceryl monothioglycolate, used in permanent waves, were determined. The glove made of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber was impermeable to all chemicals tested for the testing period of 60 minutes. The natural latex glove was impermeable to glyceryl monothioglycolate for the 60-minute period but was penetrated by the other chemicals after 24 and 38 minutes.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, Jan.-Feb. 1994, Vol 42, No.1, p.10-14. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 94-1691 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Aniline
This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on aniline. Acute exposure to high concentrations of aniline produces a number of adverse effects including arrhythmia, convulsions, coma and death primarily from the development of hypoxia caused by methaemoglobinaemia. Haematotoxicity, renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity have also been observed. Epidemiological investigations are limited to studies in which workers were exposed to mixtures of aniline and other compounds. Aniline has been classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans.
Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1994. v, 30p. Bibl.ref.

1993

CIS 96-2200 Persson P., Dalene M., Skarping G., Adamsson M., Hagmar L.
Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate: Measurement of toluenediamine in hydrolysed urine and plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was studied during 48 hours and biological samples were taken in a factory producing flexible polyurethane (PUR) foam. Five PUR workers, two white-collar workers and two volunteers were studied. The concentrations of TDI in air were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urine and plasma samples were collected, and TDI-related amines, 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-DTA) and 2,6-toluenediamine (2,6-TDA) were determined by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The environmental concentration of TDI was within the range of 1-10% of the Swedish TLV (40mg/m³). The relationship between 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI varied in atmospheric samples from 3:2 to 1:19. The PUR workers showed TDA plasma concentrations in the range of 1-8ng/mL, significantly higher than the concentration of 0.2-1ng TDA/mL plasma seen in the white-collar workers only rarely exposed to TDI. The concentration of 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA in PUR workers' plasma was stable. No relationship could be established between urinary excretion and TDA plasma concentration. It seems to be possible therefore to monitor TDI exposure by measuring TDA plasma concentration.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1111-1118. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 96-1227 1,4-Benzenediamine
International Chemical Safety Card. Synonym: p-phenylenediamine. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; asthmatic reactions; may cause methaemoglobinaemia resulting in cyanosis and kidney failure. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-419 4-Aminobiphenyl
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; eye irritation; may affect the bladder (haematuria). Long-term exposure effects: human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage in humans. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: A1 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-911
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
N,N-Diethylaniline (N,N-diethylaminobenzene)
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1989: no data are available on the effects of N,N-diethylaniline in humans. Animal studies indicate that it is a strong methaemoglobin-forming agent, with cyanosis being the predominant symptom of acute poisoning. It is a slight skin irritant.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xi, 40p. 56 ref.

CIS 95-652 Teass A.W., DeBord D.G., Brown K.K., Cheever K.L., Stettler L.E., Savage R.E., Weigel W.W., Dankovic D., Ward E.
Biological monitoring for occupational exposures to o-toluidine and aniline
In a tyre manufacturing plant where an excess of bladder cancers was attributed to o-toluidine and aniline the exposure of workers was evaluated. The unmetabolized aniline and o-toluidine as well as the metabolites acetanilide and N-acetyl-o-toluidine were determined in a total of 209 pre- and post-shift urine samples from 53 exposed and 36 nonexposed workers. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by electrochemical detection was employed. In addition, a total of 84 whole blood samples were analyzed for aniline-haemoglobin and o-toluidine-haemoglobin adducts. Two alternative procedures were tested, one using HPLC and the other gas chromatography with electron capture detection. First results provide evidence of a carryover of a part of the o-toluidine dose from one workshift to the next. For haemoglobin adduct determination the HPLC fluorescence method appeared useful.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.65, Suppl.1, p.S115-S118. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 95-73 Xylidine (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys, liver and red blood cells. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm; 2.5mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1860 2,4-Toluenediamine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; skin burns; may affect the liver and blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; possible human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage; may impair male fertility; retarded development of the newborn. Occupational exposure limit: MAK: Class III A2 (1989).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1973 Popp W., Ohndorf U., Stommel P., Vahrenholz C., Norpoth K.
Multiple primary cancers after exposure to aromatic amines
Primäre Mehrfachtumoren nach Einwirkung aromatischer Amine [in German]
Of 313 cases with bladder tumour due to occupational exposure, 55 had multiple primary cancers. The lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, breast, prostate, colon, nose and haemopoietic system were affected. A close study of 18 cases with multiple primary cancers in other organs than the bladder was conducted. From the case studies as well as the presently available results of animal experiments and epidemiologic studies and the present knowledge of the metabolism of aromatic amines a relationship with occupational exposure is derived. The compensation of these additional primary tumours as occupational diseases is recommended.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, May 1993, Vol.28, No.5, p.183-191. 78 ref.

CIS 94-1689 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - 3,5'-Dimethylaniline
This report reviews environmental and toxicological data on 3,5'-dimethylaniline. No data on the adverse effects of human exposure to this substance have been identified. Animal data are limited to values of the LD₅₀ in rats and mice and the formation of methaemoglobin in cats.
Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 10p. 26 ref.

CIS 94-1327 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Benzidine
This report reviews the environmental and toxicological data on benzidine. The substance has been shown to cause cancer in occupationally exposed workers and is therefore a non-threshold toxicant. Benzidine is toxic as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Also available in French from the same source.
Environmental Health Centre, Health Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 17p. 57 ref.

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