Aldehydes - 487 entries found

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2002

CIS 03-63
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Acrolein
Conclusions of this criteria document: acrolein is a strong upper respiratory tract and eye irritant in humans, as well as a mild skin irritant. Other reported effects of acute accidental exposure include weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, shortness of breath, bronchitis and pulmonary oedema, possibly leading to death. Animal experiments show acrolein to have high acute toxicity. There are indications of genotoxicity in vitro. There is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animal studies. The overall evaluation of IARC is that acrolein is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Detailed summaries in French and Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. iv, 46p. 248 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad43.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-1784 Vela Martínez M.M., Laborda Grima R.
Potential hazards resulting from occupational exposure to acrolein
Posibles riesgos derivados de la exposición laboral a la acroleína [in Spanish]
This article describes the characteristics, properties and health effects of acrolein together with sources of exposure, methods for determining environmental concentrations and means of limiting exposures. Contents: physical and chemical properties; reactivity; exposure limits (TLV = 0.1ppm); potential effects (acute effects, neurological effects, flammability); sources of exposure; method for the determination of acrolein in collected air samples; limitation of exposure (substitution, local ventilation, medical supervision).
Prevención, July-Sep. 2002, No.161, p.56-62. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 02-797 Dingle P., Tan R., Jones J., White K.
Personal exposure to formaldehyde in laboratories
There has been little research on the spatial distribution of formaldehyde in work environments and its relationship to personal exposure monitoring. The purpose of this study was to determine personal exposure in five laboratories where formaldehyde was used for tissue preservation, and to examine the relationship between fixed monitoring of formaldehyde and personal exposure in high-exposure occupational situations. It was found that fixed monitoring of formaldehyde was a good predictor of personal exposure and that one or two monitoring locations were adequate. However, depending on the worker's activity, stationary monitors may under-predict actual formaldehyde exposure. Significant levels of formaldehyde were found to infiltrate rooms or offices adjacent to the laboratories. This is of concern because people working on office tasks for extended periods may not take precautionary measures (such as wearing respiratory equipment).
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2002, Vol.18, No.2, p.161-165. 15 ref.

CIS 02-576
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Formaldehyde
Conclusions of this criteria document on formaldehyde: in vitro, the product induced DNA changes, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and gene mutations in human and rodent cells. The primary source of exposure is through inhalation. Results of epidemiological studies in occupationally-exposed populations show a weak positive response for genotoxicity, particularly at the site of contact (buccal or nasal mucal cells), and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Evidence for a causal association between formaldehyde exposure and human cancers is weak, but cannot be excluded.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. v, 75p. Illus. Approx. 400 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad40.pdf [in English]

CIS 97-52 Crotonaldehyde
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a mutagen and should be handled with extreme caution. Irritates or burns the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause skin allergy. It is a flammable and highly reactive liquid and is a fire and explosion hazard.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996, 2002. 6p.
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/0538.pdf [in English]

CIS 97-46 Butyraldehyde
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Irritates or burns the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema. May cause dizziness and lightheadedness. It is a flammable and reactive liquid and a fire and explosion hazard.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996, 2002. 6p.
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/0299.pdf [in English]

CIS 97-38 Benzaldehyde
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May cause mutations and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness and lightheadedness.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996, 2002. 6p.
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/0196.pdf [in English]

2001

CIS 08-273
Health and Safety Executive
Glutaraldehyde and you
This leaflet describes health problems that can arise when working with glutaraldehyde and outlines employers' responsibilities. It also explains what workers should do to protect their health when working with glutaraldehyde.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Dec. 2001. 8p.
http://hss.bangor.ac.uk/inflink/gluter.php.en [in English]

CIS 08-413 Glutaraldehyde - Occupational hazards in hospitals
Contents of this booklet on health hazards from exposure to glutaraldehyde in hospitals: health effects due to exposure to glutaraldehyde; hospital workers at risk of exposure; type of work which may expose workers to glutaraldehyde; protection against glutaraldehyde exposure; safety tips; case report of nurses exposed to glutaraldehyde and measures taken to reduce exposure.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, Sep. 2001. iii, 8p. 14 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/pdfs/01-115.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/2001-115.html [in English]

CIS 04-176 Santolaya C., Freixa Blanxart A.
Prevention of exposure to formaldehyde
Prevención de la exposición a formaldehído [in Spanish]
This information note presents the broad outlines of an approach aimed at limiting exposure to formaldehyde, together with methods for the detection and quantification of exposures. Contents: characteristics and properties of formaldehyde; effects on health (irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract and skin, skin sensitization); threshold limit values (short-term exposure limit: 0.3ppm or 0.37mg/m³); description of the analytical methods for the determination of formaldehyde in workplace air and possible interferences (HCPL, spectrophotometry, colorimetry); concentration of formaldehyde in air according to the sector of activity; preventive measures (general and collective measures, personal protective equipment). A table shows the danger classification of aqueous formaldehyde solutions according to their concentration.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2001. 4p. 9 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/ntp/ntp_590.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1781 Uribe Llopis P.
Formaldehyde. Use in a hospital. Hazards and preventive measures
Formaldehído. Uso en un centro hospitalario. Riesgos y medidas de prevención [in Spanish]
Formaldehyde (or formol) is a widely-used chemical agent in hospitals. Its hazards are reviewed, together with the appropriate prevention measures. Contents: formaldehyde metabolism; production; main uses; health effects due to exposure to formaldehyde; threshold limit values; sterilization through the use of formaldehyde; use of formaldehyde in pathological anatomy; working methods; preventive measures (at the source, determination in work atmospheres, protection of workers, exposure evaluation).
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.188-189, p.43-59. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 02-1129
German Chemical Society - GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA)
4-tert-Butylbenzaldehyde
Ingestion toxicity of 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde is low, oral LD₅₀ in rats being between 500 and 1000mg/kg. Animal tests showed little evidence of acute or toxicity, or of skin irritation or sensitization. There is very little data on humans. Five persons who handled 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde at the workplace over a period of six months exhibited no adverse effects. No skin changes were observed in 51 volunteers who received 24-hour occlusive applications of 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde over a period of three weeks. A treatment pause of 10-14 days was followed by a challenge: there were no indications of a sensitizing effect.
S. Hirzel Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2001. xiv, 35p. 56 ref.

CIS 02-1128
German Chemical Society - GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA)
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (No.20); 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (No.30); Hexachloroethane (No.34); 2-Chloro-4-nitroaniline (No.43); 1,2-Dibromoethane (No.66); Methallyl chloride (No.109); Ethyl acrylate (No.128); Tetramethyllead / Tetraethyllead (No.130); Acrolein (No.157); Thiourea (No.179)
These short reports concern 11 substances suspected of having a hazardous potential, but for which available data are insufficient. The purpose of these reports is to establish a basis for assessment, identify gaps in knowledge and recommend areas for further investigation.
S. Hirzel Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2001. 95p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 02-1317 Collins J.J., Esmen N.A., Hall T.A.
A review and meta-analysis of formaldehyde exposure and pancreatic cancer
A meta-analysis of the literature concerning 14 epidemiological studies of workers exposed to formaldehyde has revealed a small increase of pancreatic cancer risk in embalmers, pathologists and anatomists. There may, however, be a diagnostic bias or occupational exposures other than formaldehyde in the mentioned professions. No increased risk was found among industrial workers, even in those with higher formaldehyde exposures than in the medical professions mentioned above.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 2001, Vol.39, No.3, p.336-345. Illus. 70 ref.

CIS 02-790 Sari-Minodier I., Orsière T., Auquier P., Pompili J., Gelin C., Patellis C., Gazazian G., François N., Botta A.
Use of the micronucleus assay in the assessment of mutagenic risk: Study of ten workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde
Le test des micronoyaux dans l'évaluation du risque mutagène: étude auprès de 10 salariés exposés au formaldéhyde [in French]
The cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (CBMA) on peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to reveal cytogenetic damages after occupational exposure to formaldehyde. The occupationally exposed population consisted of ten women aged 38, while the unexposed control population consisted of 27 women aged 38 to 62. The average duration of the exposure was nine years. The micronucleated cell rates were 1.88% ±1.31 and 0.88% ±0.44 for the exposed and unexposed populations respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each micronucleated cell rate recorded. The rate corresponding to the maximal sum of sensitivity and specificity (1.3%) was associated with a high specificity (86%). This value is proposed as a biological exposure limit.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Apr. 2001, Vol.62, No.2, p.75-82. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 02-327 Kieć-Świerczyńska M., Kręcisz B.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in hairdressers due to glutaraldehyde
Two cases of female hairdressers allergic to glutaraldehyde are described. A non atopic 26-year-old woman developed erythema with papules on the hands and face after 4 months' work in a hairdressing salon. She used glutaraldehyde-containing disinfectants for scissors, combs and hairbrushes. A 46-year-old woman worked for 28 years as a hairdresser. She reported dyspnoea, cough attacks and rhinostenosis. For 8 years, she had episodes of erythema with papules on the hands and face, accompanied by pruritus. The disinfectants used contained glutaraldehyde, glyoxal and quaternary ammonium compounds. Patch tests were done with the standard series, the hairdressers series and with 0.2% glutaraldehyde. Both patients reacted positively to glutaraldehyde, which should now be looked for in hairdressers.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 2001, Vol.44, No.3, p.185-186. 10 ref.

2000

CIS 02-1124 Benson R.
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Chloral hydrate
Conclusions of this criteria document: Chloral hydrate is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes and often causes gastric distress, nausea and vomiting at the recommended clinical dose (as a sedative and a hypnotic drug). Acute overdose produces (in order of progression): ataxia, lethargy, deep coma, respiratory depression, hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia. Acute overdoses may cause hepatic injury. Data from animals provide suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity; genotoxic effects of chloral hydrate are well documented. Summaries in French and in Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2000. iv, 34p. Illus. 100 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries).
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad25.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-849 Shaffer M.P., Belsito D.V.
Allergic contact dermatitis from glutaraldehyde in health-care workers
Glutaraldehyde is the disinfectant of choice for sterilizing medical and dental equipment, but is known to induce allergic contact dermatitis. In a 5-year study, 468 patients were patch tested to glutaraldehyde. Health-care workers were more than eight times more likely to be allergic to glutaraldehyde than non-health-care workers. Allergic contact dermatitis from glutaraldehyde often causes persistent dermatitis, which frequently forces patients to leave their jobs. Until a less sensitizing disinfectant is developed, it is in the best interest of those in health-care professions and other professions exposed to glutaraldehyde to reinforce occupational hygiene standards with respect to the limitation of exposure, in particular through improved methods of barrier protection.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 2000, Vol.43, No.3, p.150-156. 23 ref.

CIS 02-296 Laforest L., Luce D., Goldberg P., Bégin D., Guérin M., Demers P.A., Brugère J., Leclerc A.
Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and occupational exposure to formaldehyde and various dusts: A case-control study in France
To assess possible associations between occupational exposures and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx, a case-control study was carried out on 201 cases with hypopharyngeal cancers, 296 cases with laryngeal cancers and 296 controls (patients with other tumour sites). Detailed information on smoking, alcohol consumption, and lifetime occupational history was collected. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde, leather dust, wood dust, flour dust, coal dust, silica dust and textile dust was assessed with a job exposure matrix. Hypopharyngeal cancer was found to be associated with exposure to coal dust (odds ratio (OR) 2.31), with a significant rise in risk with probability and level of exposure. Exposure to coal dust was also associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer (OR 1.67). A significant relation, limited to hypopharyngeal cancer, was found with the probability of exposure to formaldehyde, with a fourfold risk for the highest category (OR 3.78).
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.57, No.11, p.767-773. 51 ref.

CIS 02-326 Vyas A., Pickering C.A.C., Oldham L.A., Francis H.C., Fletcher A.M., Merrett T., McL Niven R.
Survey of symptoms, respiratory function, and immunology and their relation to glutaraldehyde and other occupational exposures among endoscopy nursing staff
348 current endoscopy nurses from 59 endoscopy units within the United Kingdom and 18 ex-employees (who had left their job for health reasons) were surveyed. Symptom questionnaires, end of session spirometry, peak flow diaries, skin prick tests to latex and common aeroallergens, and measurements of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE specific to glutaraldehyde (GA) and latex were performed. Exposure measurements included personal airborne biocide sampling for peak (during biocide changeover) and background (endoscopy room, excluding biocide changeover) concentrations. A significant level of symptoms were reported in the absence of objective evidence of the physiological changes associated with asthma. Ex-employees and current workers with work-related symptoms warrant further study to elucidate the cause and mechanisms for their symptoms.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.57, No.11, p.752-759. 47 ref.

CIS 02-325 Chung K.Y.K., Cuthbert R.J., Revell G.S., Wassel S.G., Summers N.
A study on dust emission, particle size distribution and formaldehyde concentration during machining of medium density fibreboard
The aim of this study was to characterise the quantity, particle size distribution and morphology of dust created during the machining of medium density fibreboard (MDF). Four types of MDF boards were evaluated, including a "zero-formaldehyde" board that contains isocyanate-based resin. Natural softwood (pine) and hardwood (oak) were included for comparison purposes. Results show that dusts generated by machining MDF are comparable in terms of particle size distribution and morphology with that generated by machining hardwood or softwood. The quantity of dust generated during sanding is higher for MDF compared with either hardwood or softwood. However, for sawing there is no significant difference between MDF and natural woods. Free formaldehyde in the air was less than 0.17mg/m³ during machining of the class B (higher formaldehyde potential) MDF board. There was no measurable isocyanate in the dust generated from the boards.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Sep. 2000, Vol.44, No.6, p.455-466. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 01-1132 Kobayashi A., Kikuwaka A.
Increased formaldehyde in jet engine exhaust with changes to JP-8, lower temperature, and lower humidity irritates eyes and respiratory tract
Formaldehyde (FA) in exhaust from fighter aircraft with low smoke combustor (LSC) J79 engines has been reported to cause irritation, becoming more frequent and severe after the fuel was changed from JP-4 to JP-8. The present study, conducted in Japan, investigated the effect of jet fuel and power setting on formaldehyde concentrations in the exhaust. The exposure to formaldehyde among pilots and flight line personnel is also investigated. The exhaust from LSC J79 engines was sampled 50m behind the engine at different power settings in July and February. At an idle power setting, the FA concentration was higher in the exhaust of engines using JP-8 (1.31ppm in July and 2.78ppm in February) than in engines using JP-4 (0.95ppm in July and 1.84ppm in February). The FA concentration increased as both ambient temperature and relative humidity decreased in the sampling atmosphere. The FA concentration of JP-8 fuel at an idle power setting (65%) was higher than that at a 71.5% power setting (1.32ppm and 0.86ppm, respectively).
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.71, No.4, p.396-399. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 00-468 Kanerva L., Miettinen P., Alanko K., Estlander T., Jolanki R.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from glyoxal, glutaraldehyde and neomycin sulfate in a dental nurse
Case report of a non-atopic dental nurse with work-related hand dermatitis. Two patch test sessions gave positive reactions to glyoxal, glutaraldehyde and neomycin sulfate. The latter had been frequently used to treat her dermatitis. The sensitizations to glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were considered occupational. As the nurse had been exposed to both products, it is not clear if she developed cross-reactivity or concomitant sensitization.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 2000, Vol.42, No.2, p.116-117. 10 ref.

1999

CIS 02-1060 Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Pillière F., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P.
Acrolein
Acroléine [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. CD-ROM version of the document already analysed as CIS 01-34. Acute toxicity: severe skin, exe, respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation which may induce corrosive lesions; dyspnoea, cough and sputum, submucous oedema of the larynx, trachea and bronchi and haemorrhagic alveolar oedema. Chronic toxicity: there are no data available for humans. Exposure limits (France): ceiling value = 0.25mg/m³ (0.1ppm). EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.605-008-00-3; T+, F, R11, R25, R26, R34, S3/9/14, S26, S36/37/39, S38, S45, 203-453-4. The complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM has been analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 6p. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 02-377 Rosell Farrás M.G., Guardino Solà X.
Prevention of glutaraldehyde exposure in hospitals
Prevención de la exposición a glutaraldehído en hospitales [in Spanish]
Following an introduction defining the physical and chemical characteristics of glutaraldehyde, listing its applications in a hospital environment (in the sterilization of endoscopy instruments, for the cleaning of zones having a high risk of infection, as a fixation agent in histopathology, as a radiographic developer and in the treatment of warts) and describing its effects on health, this information note presents various methods for measuring the concentrations of this substance in ambient air. The procedures to be followed for limiting exposure, as well as the personal protective equipment required (gloves, aprons, safety spectacles, face masks and half-mask respirators) are described. The classifications of various concentrations of glutaraldehyde solutions used in hospitals, as well as the corresponding risk phrases are also mentioned. In Spain, the short-term exposure limit is 0.05ppm for 15 minutes.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 6p. 11 ref.

CIS 01-1770 Héry M., Hecht G., Gerber J.M., Hubert G., Subra I, Aubert S., Gerardin F., Dorotte M.
Occupational exposure during cleaning and disinfection in the food industry
An exposure assessment study was conducted in eight food industry plants. Significant exposure to nitrogen trichloride beyond the "comfort' limit value of 0.5mg/m³ was measured, primarily in two slaughterhouses (cattle and poultry) during the cleaning step performed with chlorinated alkali-based detergents. Excessive exposure to formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde was also registered during the disinfection step in the cattle slaughterhouse and in two other plants (fish curing and smoking, and pet food manufacturing factories). Special emphasis is placed on the need for careful rinsing after the cleaning and disinfection steps. In one factory, exposure to chlorine gas was determined, and in another where glutaraldehyde was used, some dermal irritations appeared when this rinsing step was neglected.
Occupational Hygiene, 1999, Vol.5, No.2, p.131-144. 17 ref.

CIS 01-1348 Isobutyraldehyde
Aldéhyde isobutyrique [in French]
Aldehído isobutírico [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; corrosive by inhalation; inhalation may cause pulmonary oedema; effects may be delayed; exposure may lead to death. No TLV has been established.
On the Internet site http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/produ cts/icsc/index.htm ; Spanish version also from: Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 01-660 2-Furaldehyde
2-Furaldéhyde [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 87-414. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eye and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract; convulsions. Chronic toxicity: irritation of the eye and respiratory tract mucous membranes; headache; decrease olfaction and taste; eczema and allergic asthma. Exposure limit (France): ceiling value = 8mg/m³ (2ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.605-010-00-4; T, R21, R23/25, R36/37, R40, S26, S36/37/39, S45, 202-627-7. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. Rev.ed. 4p. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 01-828 Gilli G., Carraro E., Meineri V., Chiesa M., Rorato A., Orecchia S., Camoirano A., Rigamonti L., Accinelli G., Mucci N., Palmi S.
Identification and field use of biological markers for evaluating the effects of occupational and environmental exposure to formaldehyde
Identificazione ed utilizzo in campo di marker biologici per la valutazione degli effetti dell'esposizione occupazionale ed ambientale alla formaldeide [in Italian]
The results of two studies aimed at identifying and evaluating useful biological markers of formaldehyde exposure are presented. The research of antibodies against the specific marker F-HSA (formaldehyde adduct to human serum albumin) was sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between the control group and professionally exposed persons and between smokers and non-smokers. Urinary mutagenicity measured by Ames test proved to be a suitable markers for tobacco exposure and the urinary analysis of cotinine a reliable indicator for evaluating the extent of exposure to tobacco smoke. Cytological and cytogenic analyses of the epithelium of nasal mucosa showed no statistically-significant differences between the exposed and control groups.
Prevenzione oggi, 1999, Vol.XI, No.4, p.35-66. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 01-34 Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Pillière F., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P.
Acrolein
Acroléine [in French]
Acrolein is used in a number of industrial chemical reactions. In non-EU countries it is also used as a biocide in production lines and industrial water. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, nose, skin and respiratory tract; dyspnoea; upper airways lesions. French exposure limit: 0.1ppm (0.25mg/m³) (VLE).
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1999, No.177, p.155-160. Illus. 23 ref.
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft57.pdf [in French]

CIS 00-455 Tsai S.W., Que Hee S.S.
A new passive sampler for aldehydes
A new passive air sampler based on a coated pellet that chemisorbed aldehydes by reaction with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride is described. Vapours of known concentrations around the threshold limit values/time-weighted averages of n-valeraldehyde and acrolein and specific relative humidities (RH) were generated by syringe pumps in a dynamic generation and dilution system. An exposure chamber allowed measurement of face velocities, temperatures, exposing vapour concentrations and RH. The O-oxime derivative was desorbed quantitatively with hexane, and an aliquot injected for gas chromatographic analysis on a low polarity capillary column using mass spectrometric or electron capture detection. RH and temperature had no effects on the sampling constants of either aldehyde. Intermittent exposures had the same aldehyde equivalent recoveries as constant concentration exposures at the same time-weighted average. Stability after sampling was at least 6 months and the shelf life was over 3 months.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.60, No.4, p.463-473. Illus. 48 ref.

CIS 00-188 Mäkinen M., Kalliokoski P., Kangas J.
Assessment of total exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin glue in plywood manufacturing
Respiratory and dermal exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin-glue components used in plywood manufacturing were assessed by monitoring formaldehyde and phenol in the workplace air. Formaldehyde was measured both in the breathing zones of the workers and at stationary sampling sites. Phenol was used as a marker agent for dermal exposure. Formaldehyde was noted to be the major compound causing respiratory exposure. When exposure assessment was done on the basis of air samples collected both at stationary sampling sites and in the breathing zonesof the workers, the agreement between the results obtained was good. The dermal sampling revealed that the workers were exposed to phenol, but the risk for toxic effects was slight due to the low concentrations of urinary phenol. It is concluded that is possible to use a stationary sampling method for the assessment of respiratory exposure in a plywood factory. The importance of taking dermal exposure into account is also outlined.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.309-314. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 00-57
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for formaldehyde
Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the upper respiratory tract, skin and eyes; dermal sensitization, eczema; neurological effects (fatigue, headaches); cytological effects; chromosome aberrations; cardiovascular disorders; cancer.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 423p. Illus. approx. 1170 ref.

CIS 99-1283 Halvorsen F.
Responding to an acetaldehyde rail car derailment
Topics: accident descriptions; acetaldehyde; emergency organization; fire fighting; fire hazards; flammable liquids; tank wagons; transport of materials.
Safety and Health Practitioner, Jan. 1999, Vol.17, No.1, p.26-30.

1998

CIS 01-1359
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Screening information data set SIDS for high production volume chemicals - Volume 5, Part 1
Ecotoxicological and toxicological (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, effects on reproduction, genetic effects) data for the risk assessment of o-cresol, 1,4-dicyanobutane (adiponitrile), 1-dodecanol and glutaraldehyde.
United Nations Environment Programme, Case postale 356, 1219 Châtelaine, Genève, Switzerland, Oct. 1998. viii, 311p. Bibl.ref.
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/insids.PDF [in English]

CIS 99-1601 Kieć-Świerczyńska M., Kręcisz B., Krysiak B., Kuchowicz E., Rydzyński K.
Occupational allergy to aldehydes in health care workers. Clinical observations. Experiments
Incidence of allergy to aldehydes was examined in 280 health care workers suffering from skin lesions. Allergy was diagnosed in 64 patients. The majority of these (85.9%) were sensitive only to one aldehyde. Formaldehyde caused allergy slightly more frequently (13.9%) than glutaraldehyde (12.4%). Only five patients were sensitive to glyoxal. In animal experiments, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde showed a stronger irritant effect than glyoxal and the sensitizing activity of aldehydes was confirmed. Both glutaraldehyde and glyoxal were cytotoxic in animals. Topics: allergy tests; animal experiments; glyoxal; glutaraldehyde; formaldehyde; cytotoxic effects; eczema; health care personnel; irritants; sensitization; skin allergies.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1998, Vol.11, No.4, p.349-358. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 99-1312
Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory
Glutaraldehyde in air
Topics: adsorption sampling; allergic respiratory disorders; glutaraldehyde; data sheet; description of equipment; description of technique; determination in air; high performance chromatography; sampling and analysis.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1998. 6p. 6 ref. Price: GBP 12.00.

CIS 99-960 Controlling formaldehyde exposures during embalming
Topics: formaldehyde; data sheet; embalming; exhaust hoods; exhaust ventilation; health hazards; limitation of exposure; local exhaust; threshold limit values.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Oct. 1998. 2p. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 99-548 Madej M.
Isobutyraldehyde
Izobutyroaldehyd [in Polish]
Topics: isobutyraldehyde; description of technique; determination in air; gas chromatography; sampling and analysis.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 1998, Vol.19, p.100-104. 3 ref.

CIS 99-536 Miazek-Kula M.
Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyd [in Polish]
Topics: benzaldehyde; description of technique; determination in air; gas chromatography; sampling and analysis.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 1998, Vol.19, p.25-29. 2 ref.

CIS 98-1647 Wellons S.L., Trawick E.G., Stowers M.F., Jordan S.L.P., Wass T.L.
Laboratory and hospital evaluation of four personal monitoring methods for glutaraldehyde in ambient air
Topics: accuracy; glutaraldehyde; comparative study; description of equipment; description of technique; determination in air; evaluation of technique; gas chromatography; hospitals; personal sampling; USA.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1998, Vol.59, No.2, p.96-103. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 98-1326 Care A.
Clean sweep
Topics: allergens; allergic respiratory disorders; glutaraldehyde; dermatitis; disinfectants; hospitals; irritants; limitation of exposure; operating theatres; sensitization.
Occupational Health, July 1998, Vol.50, No.7, p.31-33. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 98-1319 Bergh M., Magnusson K., Nilsson J.L.G., Karlberg A.T.
Formation of formaldehyde and peroxides by air oxidation of high purity polyoxyethylene surfactants
Topics: animal experiments; formaldehyde; chemical analysis; eczema; oxidation; peroxides; sensitization dermatitis; sensitization; surfactants.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1998, Vol.39, No.1, p.14-20. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 98-230
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Propionaldehyde
This report is a translation of a report finalized in German in May 1996. Topics: criteria document; ecotoxicology; erythema; Germany; irritants; legislation; literature survey; propionaldehyde; toxic effects; toxicology; translation.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1998. xviii, 124p. 334 ref. Price: DEM 80.00.

CIS 98-229
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
3-Methyl-2-butenal
This report is a translation of a report finalized in German in August 1996. Topics: criteria document; ecotoxicology; Germany; irritants; legislation; literature survey; toxic effects; toxicology; translation.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1998. xiii, 30p. 46 ref. Price: DEM 36.00.

CIS 97-1994
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Glyoxal (ethanedial)
This report is a translation of a report finalized in February 1996. Main conclusions: glyoxal is a skin sensitizer in humans; there are reports of eczema among workers in contact with the substance; animal studies indicate that glyoxal is of low toxicity.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1998. xvi, 168p. Bibl.ref.

1997

CIS 02-586 Glyoxal
Glyoxal [in German]
Glyoxal irritates the skin and induces sensitization. Animal experiments show a low toxicity upon oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. It causes slight skin irritation, eye irritation which can lead to necrotic lesions of the and induces skin sensitization. The substance has been shown to be mutagenic in numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Local tumour promoting properties on the mucosa of the glandular stomach have been observed following oral administration in rats.
Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Postfach 10 14 80, 69004 Heidelberg, Germany, Jan. 1997. 67p. 146 ref.

CIS 01-351 Beije B., Lundberg P.
DECOS and NEG basis for an occupational standard - Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde is used mainly as a fixative in electron microscopy, a disinfectant for instruments and in the chemical industry. Glutaraldehyde is a skin and mucous membrane irritant, a skin allergen and may cause respiratory allergic reactions. Histopathological effects in the nose have been demonstrated in rats and mice. Glutaraldehyde is genotocic in vitro and induces mutations in bacteria and mammalian cells; it also produces sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells.
Arbetslivsinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1997. v, 30p. 108 réf.

CIS 01-338 Formaldehyde and aqueous solutions
Aldéhyde formique et solutions aqueuses [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1457. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin and eyes; digestive perforation and haemorrhage; respiratory distress. Chronic toxicity: carcinogen; nasal epithelium lesions; respiratory diseases; allergic skin and respiratory diseases; sensitization. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 0.5ppm (0.61mg/m³); ceiling value = 1ppm (0.05mg/m³). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.605-001-00-5; T, R23/24/25, R40, R43, S26, S36/37/39, S45, S51, 200-001-8.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 6p. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 00-196 Freixa Blanxart A., Guardino Solá X.
Air quality: Environmental determination of formaldehyde and its measurements in particle board
Calidad del aire: determinación ambiental de formaldehído y medición de su contenido en tableros [in Spanish]
Topics: formaldehyde; colorimetry; comment on standard; data sheet; determination in air; determination of concentration; gas chromatography; high performance chromatography; particle board manufacture; sampling and analysis; Spain; wood products.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 3p. 11 ref.

CIS 99-1566 Niven K.J.M., Cherrie J.W., Spencer J.
Estimation of exposure from spilled glutaraldehyde solutions in a hospital setting
A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the likely consequences of spills of glutaraldehyde, used for the cold disinfection of instruments in hospitals. To determine likely ranges of airborne concentrations following a spill, objective measurements using three sampling methods were conducted with spills of various surface areas. Results ranged between <0.01 and 1.4ppm. Two personal protective equipment ensembles were also tested. Both the half-facepiece respirator with gas-tight goggles and the full-face cartridge respirator gave adequate protection. Topics: glutaraldehyde; determination in air; disinfectants; evaluation of equipment; exposure evaluation; facepieces; gas removing respirators; hospitals; respirators; spills.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1997, Vol.41, No.6, p.691-698. Illus. 10 ref.

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