Air transportation - 364 entries found

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1974

CIS 74-1783 Hawkins F.
Ergonomic aspects of crew seats in transport aircraft.
The incidence of low back pain in aircrew is abnormally high so that the question of seat design is of particular significance. The role of the designer is outlined, taking into consideration the relevant anatomical and physiological factors and the tasks to be performed by particular crew members. The current practice of individual airlines carrying out seat modifications is uneconomic and inefficient. It would seem to be in the interest of the manufacturing industry, the airlines and the pilots that a properly co-ordinated programme be initiated to produce a better crew seat.
Aerospace Medicine, Feb. 1974, Vol.45, No.2, p.196-203. Illus. 16 ref.

1973

CIS 74-1455 Mehrabi Camus A.
Occupational health problems at airports
Les problèmes de la médecine du travail aéroportuaire [in French]
MD thesis. After a brief preliminary description of Orly airport, its organisation, and the activities and stresses and great variety of the workposts involved, the author considers the role of occupational health in the medical aspects of airport activity. He examines specific medical problems related to noise, rotating shifts and windowless premises as well as those related to specific posts (workers on runways, air traffic controllers). He discusses the difficulties of reclassification and current organisational methods for dealing with this problem.
Université de Paris VI, Faculté de médecine Broussais - Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France, 1973, 81p. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 74-909 Safety in cargo handling.
This booklet is a guide to good practice in cargo handling, primarily intended for ground staff loading aircraft. It consists of illustrated notes covering: the main causes of accidents in cargo handling; good housekeeping; body strain and back injuries; personal protective equipment; prevention of slips and falls in the cargo handling environment; safe use and driving of fork-lift trucks and cargo vehicles; jet efflux/ingestion hazards; mechanical hazards with freight handling equipment; accident investigation and reporting; accident costs; first aid.
British Airways, Ground Safety Branch, P.O.Box 10, Hounslow, Middlesex, United Kingdom, 1973. 20p. Illus. Price: £1.00.

CIS 74-839 Safety in apron loading
This booklet, primarily intended as a safety guide for ground staff involved in apron loading of air freight, contains illustrated notes covering: a list of the 5 main causes of accidents to employees; lifting freight safely; role of personal protective equipment; avoiding slips and falls in the apron loading environment; safe use of vehicles; safety tips on fork-lift truck driving; avoiding damage to the aircraft; Boeing 747 main cabin doors (hazard of emergency power opening and deployment of escape slides); jet efflux/ingestion hazards; mechanical hazards with freight equipment; accident investigation and reporting; accident costs; first aid.
British Airways, Ground Safety Branch, P.O. Box 10, Hounslow, Middlesex, United Kingdom, 1973. 20p. Illus. Price: £1.00.

CIS 74-836 Howlett L., Shephard R.J.
Carbon monoxide as a hazard in aviation.
A review of the occupational hazards presented by carbon monoxide in the aviation environment. Taxi drivers, baggage handlers and aircraft service personnel may encounter very high concentrations. Aircrews are exposed to lower concentrations but because of synergistic stresses and severe task demands are at higher risk. Exposure should not exceed 40 ppm for 1 h, or 15 ppm for 8 h. Methods of modifying operations to meet this standard are discussed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1973, Vol.15, No.11, p.874-877. 60 ref.

CIS 74-552 Fiedler G., Kressin J., Schöder H.J., Thierfeldt P., Lehwess-Litzmann I., Kressin T., Müller I.
Aviation medicine
Luftfahrtmedizin [in German]
This booklet contains the following papers on aviation medicine: significance of East German working capacity rules for the estimation and appraisal of licence holders in civil aviation; occupational fitness of pilots from the viewpoint of the ear, nose and throat specialist; reactions of the aging vestibular apparatus; functional diagnosis in a low pressure chamber; functions, meaning and examination techniques in aviation ophthalmology; fitness of flying personnel from a stomatological viewpoint; functions of a psychotherapist in aviation medicine.
Verkehrsmedizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1973, Vol.20, No.5, p.171-203. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 74-234 Nolland R., Bazin M.
Psychosomatic disturbances among air traffic controllers
Les troubles psychosomatiques chez les contrôleurs de la circulation aérienne. [in French]
Paper submitted to the Société de médecine et d'hygiène du travail. Results of a survey of 192 male subjects aged 22-55. Contents: (1) psychosomatic disorders affecting the digestive tract, cardiovascular system, nervous and psychic functions and urinary tract; visual and auditory functional disturbances; (2) research on occupational factors producing stress (mental strain, nature of occupation, technical error) and working conditions (lighting of workpost, sources of noise, etc.).
Archives des maladies professionnelles, June 1973, Vol.34, No.6, p.352-358.

CIS 74-233 Cobb S., Rose R.M.
Hypertension, peptic ulcer, and diabetes in air traffic controllers.
The hypothesis that certain diseases are unduly frequent in air traffic controllers was tested by comparing the aeromedical certification examinations on 4,325 traffic controllers with those on 8,435 second class airmen. There is compelling evidence to support the hypothesis with regard to hypertension; for peptic ulcer, the evidence is strong; for diabetes it is slight but sufficiently suggestive for the matter to be examined in subsequent studies.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 23 Apr. 1973, Vol.224, No.4, p.489-492. 9 ref.

1972

CIS 72-2703 Jackson C.E.P., Grimster W.F.
Human aspects of vibration and noise in helicopters
A survey of the types and sources of helicopter vibration. Methods of vibration testing and monitoring are dealt with and the relative merits of various methods of vibration reduction are reviewed. Acceptable in-service levels of vibration are described in terms of vibration velocity limit and the International Organization for Standardization/British Standards Institution proposals concerning "fatigue-decreased proficiency". Internal and external noise are briefly discussed and some information is given on results of internal cabin-noise reduction.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 8 Feb. 1972, Vol.20, No.3, p.343-351. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 73-739 Singer R., Rutenfranz J.
Occupational psychology studies on job satisfaction and job-related health disorders in air traffic control workers
Arbeitspsychologische Studien über Arbeitszufriedenheit und berufsbezogene Gesundheitsstörungen bei Fluglotsen [in German]
Report on an occupational physiological study on 517 air traffic control workers in German commercial airports. The workers were required to answer a questionnaire relating to job situation, working conditions, job satisfaction and subjective health status. Reasons for poor job satisfaction were: lack of promotion prospects; poor working conditions; lack of appreciation by the administration, payment and work load. Lack of job satisfaction resulted in health disorders especially amongst the older and senior workers.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 3 Nov. 1972, Vol. 30, No.2, p.135-160. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 73-583 Frost H., Malinowsky H., Rutenfranz J.
Continuous radiotelemetric recording of precordial leads (Wilson's method) in long-term electrocardiograms of radar operators at work
Kontinuierliche radiotelemetrische Registrierung der Brustwandableitungen nach Wilson im Langzeit-EKG am Arbeitsplatz bei Radarlotsen [in German]
Long-term ECGs of 60 air traffic control radar operators at work were compared with traces recorded at rest and during effort on a bicycle ergometer. Pronounced ECG anomalies were found in 31 subjects; in 3 of these the trace was pathological. The authors have devised a technique which provides high-quality traces during work using Wilson's precordial leads. The high incidence of ECG variations in cetain age groups is discussed with reference to the occupational stress to which radar control operators are subject.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 2 Oct. 1972, Vol.30, No.1, p.49-64. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 73-584 Klimmer F., Aulmann H.M., Rutenfranz J.
Urinary catecholamine elimination in air traffic control workers under occupationally induced emotional and mental stress
Katecholaminausscheidung im Urin bei emotional und mental belastenden Tätigkeiten im Flugverkehrskontrolldienst [in German]
Urinary catecholamines were measured in 69 air traffic controllers at work and rest. Under the observed conditions (in particular with allowance being made for coffee consumption), catecholamine elimination was significantly higher during air traffic control work than during rest. Catecholamine elimination was also compared with levels measured during other work and stress situations in earlier studies.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 2 Oct. 1972, Vol.30, No.1, p.65-80. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 73-451 Rohmert W., Laurig W.
Relationship between stress and strain parameters in flight controllers in air traffic control
Zusammenhang zwischen Belastungs- und Beanspruchungsparametern bei Fluglotsen in der Flugverkehrskontrolle [in German]
The terms "stress" and "strain" are defined and suitable units of measurement for their evaluation are discussed. The results of telemetric pulse-rate measurements in 34 flight controllers are reproduced and discussed. The number of aircraft controlled correlates with the subjective sensation of the difficulty of the air-traffic-control activity and with the pulse rate (which is used as a parameter of strain).
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Arbeitshygiene, Sep. 1972, Vol.7, No.9, p.252-257. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 73-435 Gerathewohl S.J.
Stress studies on flight-safety control staff
Stressuntersuchungen am Flugsicherungsleit-personal [in German]
A report on occupational physiology studies to determine stress factors in flight controllers in 2 work shifts: pulse rate, galvanic skin resistance, blood pressure, plasma phospholipids, urinalysis (adrenalin, noradrenalin, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, urea, phosphorus, potassium, sodium). The results indicated a pronounced physiological biochemical stress reaction which is characteristic for flight-safety staff. Conclusions are drawn concerning the improvement of selection procedures, training and working conditions, the reduction of hours of work, shift rotation, health supervision and age limits.
Ärztliche Praxis, 23 Sep. 1972, Vol.24, No.77, p.3541-3545. Illus.

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