Blood diseases - 610 entries found

Your search criteria are

• Blood diseases

1983

CIS 84-2020 Lindahl R., Nilsson C.A., Norström Å., Hagberg M., Kolmodin-Hedman B.
Sampling and analysis of chain saw exhaust. I. Exhaust emissions measured under controlled laboratory conditions. II. Exposure levels during logging. III. Lung function, carboxyhemoglobin and complaints among chain saw operators...
Provtagning och analys av motorsågsavgaser. I. Avgasemissioner under kontrollerade betingelser i laboratoriemiljö. II. Exponeringsstudier under skogsarbete. III. Lungfunktion, koloxidhemoglobin och upplevda besvär hos skogsarbetare efter exponering för motorsågsavgaser [in Swedish]
I. There was no difference in the emission compositions and levels of different brands of chain saws, and none between new and used saws. Lean fuel-air mixtures gave higher proportions of aldehydes and nitrogen oxides and lower proportions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons than did rich mixtures. Methanol containing fuel gave twice as much formaldehyde as did normal gasoline, and methanol was a major component of the exhaust. II. Lumberjacks complained of cough and irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Complaints and exposure levels were aggravated by deep snow, thick stands of timber and calm weather. Felling gave higher exposure than did limbing or cutting. Exposure can be reduced by improved working methods, which are described. III. Clinical and field studies confirmed the observations of Part II. Average exposures were well below Swedish TLVs. The correlation of carboxyhaemoglobin concentration with CO exposure was too poor to permit its use as an indicator of exposure.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1983. 104p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 84-1964 Gribova I.A., Evlaško Ju.P., Pavlovskaja N.A., Semenova L.S., Sorkina N.S.
Importance of morphological studies of the blood at various levels of lead exposure
O značenii morfologičeskogo issledovanija krovi pri raznyh urovnjah vozdejstvija svinca [in Russian]
520 workers in unspecified industries were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their lead exposure: ambient levels no higher than the USSR MAC, ambient levels transiently exceeding the MAC, and ambient levels routinely exceeding the MAC by an order of magnitude. Lead levels in blood and other tissues were correlated with exposure. The 1st group showed no anaemia, mild reticulocytosis and few cellular abnormalities. 5.0% of the 2nd group were anaemic, but blood morphology was little different from that of the 1st group. The 3rd group contained 8.8% anaemics, and cases of extreme reticulocytosis, with high counts of erythrocytes containing basophilic granules, were encountered. When individual blood and urine lead levels were plotted with reticulocyte and granulated erythrocyte counts, quantitative correlations between lead content and blood-cell abnormalities were clear.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1983, No.2, p.22-25. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 84-1843 Pelé J.P., Calvert R.
Hemolysis by chrysotile asbestos fibres. I. Influence of the sialic acid content in human, rat, and sheep red blood cell membranes
Complete removal of accessible sialic acids from human, rat, and sheep red cell membranes did not inhibit the haemolytic properties of chrysotile asbestos fibres. After 60min of contact, the percentages of haemolysis were comparable between the treated and non-treated groups. At low fibre concentrations the initial velocity of haemolysis of rat and sheep red blood cells was lower in the neuraminidase-treated group. While sialic acids may contribute to the haemolytic process by increasing the electrostatic action between red blood cell membranes and fibres, it is clear that asbestos fibres provoke haemolysis by acting on some other cell membrane component.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Oct.-Dec. 1983, Vol.12, Nos.4-6, p.827-840. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 84-1963 Karai I., Lee S.I., Horiguchi S., Fukumoto K., Matsumura S., Takise S.
Combined effects of lead and EDTA on Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity of erythrocyte membranes
Erythrocyte sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase activity increased significantly in 12 male lead workers in a lead refining plant when measured with EDTA and compared to controls without EDTA. Enzyme activity measued with EDTA was least in controls, greater in 11 male office workers in the refining plant, and greatest in lead workers. Positive correlations were found between blood lead and enzyme activity with EDTA and activity without EDTA. A negative correlation was found between sodium in erythrocytes and enzyme activity with EDTA and the activity without EDTA. No relationship was found between enzyme activities and potassium in erythrocytes. In in-vitro tests the addition of lead to fragments of erythrocyte membranes caused a significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme without EDTA but no change with EDTA. On addition of lead to blood no significant change occurred in the enzyme activity with or without EDTA.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Oct.-Dec. 1983, Vol.12, Nos.4-6, p.721-730. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 84-1685 Varet B., Philbert M.
Toxic haemopathies under occupational conditions
Hémopathies toxiques en milieu professionnel [in French]
Only haemopathies due to toxic substances are considered; those caused by physical, infectious or parasitic agents are excluded. A table lists important chemical elements and their haematological effects on humans and animals. Metals and organic and inorganic compounds without any known haematological effect are also tabulated. Aetiologies of the principal toxic haemopathies are listed by agent, with information on prevention and compensation. The agents are: arsenic, manganese, lead, alkalis, halogens, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, amino, nitro and nitroso derivatives of aliphatic, cyclic and heterocyclic hydrocarbons, epoxides, esters, aldehydes and acetals, carbon monoxide, arsine and hydrogen sulfide. Action to be taken when an occupational haemopathy is encountered. Occupational physicians must be alert to these disorders.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Intoxications, 18 rue Séguier, 75006 Paris, France, 5-1983. 18p. 163 réf.

CIS 84-1666 Ljubčenko N.N., Tišenina R.S., Kozlova N.I., Drozdova G.A., Hzardžjan V.G.
Atherogenic lipid levels in the blood of workers exposed to lead
Soderžanie aterogennyh lipidov v krovi u rabočih pri vozdejstvii svinca [in Russian]
Blood lipids, sugar and insulin were measured in 33 patients with a history of lead exposure and in 21 workers exposed to other harmful factors (noise, vibration, heavy work). Both groups showed high levels of atherogenic lipids (β-lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglycerides). Lead-exposed workers with mild symptoms of poisoning had lower levels of β-lipoprotein than did asymptomatic lead-exposed workers, and no deviation of β-lipoprotein levels from normal values was seen in exposed workers with severe symptoms. Lipid load tests revealed no disturbance of the mechanisms regulating lipaemia. Thus, lead exposure under present industrial conditions does not disrupt lipid metabolism any more than does exposure to other harmful factors.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Jan. 1983, No.1, p.21-23. 19 ref.

CIS 84-1664 Ryk E.A., Budanova L.F.
Specific haemolysis reaction as an indicator of sensitisation to occupational allergens
Reakcija specifičeskogo gemoliza kak pokazatel' sensibilizacii organizma k professional'nym allergenam [in Russian]
Allergens are identified by adding solutions of the presumed antigen or hapten to whole blood from the victim of a given allergy, and measuring free haemoglobin in the sample after an incubation period. In a typical experiment, hexavalent chromium caused up to 60% increases in the free haemoglobin concentration of blood from persons with bronchial asthma due to chromium compounds, but produced little haemolysis in blood samples from healthy controls or from persons suffering from bronchial asthma of different aetiology. When Candida antigen was used instead of chromium, a 50% increase in haemolysis was seen. The free haemoglobin is measured photometrically after conversion to cyanohaemoglobin; the conversion stabilises the samples so that they need not be analysed immediately after incubation.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Jan. 1983, No.1, p.16-18. 2 ref.

CIS 84-1373 Aitio A., Valkonen S., Kivistö H., Yrjänheikki E.
Effect of occupational mercury exposure on plasma lysosomal hydrolases
β-Galactosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-N-acetylglucosamidase were studied in 20 workers at a chlorine alkali plant and 10 non-exposed controls. Average levels of the latter 2 enzymes were higher, but not significantly so, in the exposed workers. There were no correlations between enzyme activities and long-term mercury exposure. Measurement of plasma lysosomal hydrolase activities is not of great value in the biological monitoring of workers exposed to low concentrations of metallic mercury vapour. Urinary mercury excretion showed a clear diurnal variation.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dec. 1983, Vol.53, No.2, p.139-147. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 84-1366 Doerjer G., Glatt H.R., Oesch F.
Reduction of occupational hazards by early detection of the individual cancer risk on exposure to certain industrial substances
Risikoverminderung am Arbeitsplatz durch Früherkennung des individuellen Krebsrisikos bei Exposition gegenüber bestimmten Arbeitsstoffen [in German]
Methods have been developed to determine intra- and interindividual differences in the activities of glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase in human fibroblasts and blood cell populations. Significant differences were detected in enzyme activity among individuals in tests in volunteers. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors were distinguished. The method permits recognition of important contributing factors to susceptibility of persons occupationally exposed to chemical carcinogens.
Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, 7514 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 2, Federal Republic of Germany, Sep. 1983. 71p. Illus. Price: DM.15.00.

CIS 84-1360 Pennarola R., Speranza P.R., Iorio F.
Morphological and cytochemical findings on the effects of proton irradiation of blood cells
Primi rilievi morfologici e citochimici sugli effetti indotti dall'irradiazione di protoni su cellule ematiche [in Italian]
Human blood was irradiated at 5.75-45.95kGy for 91-538s. Considerable morphological changes in red cells with aspects of anisocytosis occurred according to the dose. Dyschromias and a weak cytochemical response to the PAS reaction (Hotchkiss-McManus) in white blood cells were observed.
Rivista di medicina del lavoro ed igiene industriale, July-Sep. 1983, Vol.7, p.198-206. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 84-1407 Iwata H., Kasamatsu T., Miyashita K., Kato M.
A study on health and labour of female workers in agricultural areas
Medical examinations and surveys on farm labour conditions and hourly life pattern were carried out on female workers living in 2 agricultural areas of Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, N and H. The prevalence of hypertension was high at N, and that of anaemia was high at H. There was no obvious difference in the frequency of Farmer's Syndrome and subjective symptoms of fatigue between N and H. The workers in H, a vegetable-growing area, however, worked longer and under more demanding conditions than those in N, a fruit-growing area. The difference in labour intensity might be correlated with the workers' health, especially the frequency of anaemia.
Journal of Public Health Practice, Aug. 1983, Vol.47, No.8, p.535-539. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 84-1336 Bond G.G., Ott M.G., Brenner F.E., Cook R.R.
Medical and morbidity surveillance findings among employees potentially exposed to TCDD
204 men potentially exposed to TCDD and 61 men who had been involved in a chloracne incident in the area of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) production were compared with matched unexposed controls. There were few significant differences between exposed and unexposed subjects. Workers potentially exposed to TCDD during manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid had a significantly higher incidence of ulcer and digestive diseases, but these were absent in TCP production workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1983, Vol.40, No.3, p.318-324. 15 ref.

CIS 84-1188 Melhado J.C., Dine J.M., Rosa A.A.P., De Seabra Santos M.T.R., Vaisman M.
The influence of nutrition on the productivity of public utility labourers in Rio de Janeiro
Influência do estado nutricional na produtividade de trabalhadores da construção civil no município do Rio de Janeiro [in Portuguese]
An attempt at explaining why there is a significant increase in accident rates among Brazilian labourers between 9-11am. The hypothesis is stated that accident proneness is caused by hypoglycaemia in the workers due to little or no breakfast. Interviews and physical examinations of 320 randomly chosen workers confirmed the low levels of food intake: 58 workers had no breakfast at all, 144 had only coffee (with or without bread). The average calorie intake in the morning was 134.62, against the recommended 600cal for manual workers. 20% of the workers had glucose levels in their blood of <80mg%.
Revista brasileira de saúde ocupacional, Oct.-Dec. 1983, Vol.11, No.44, p.43-49. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 84-1062 Bovenzi M., Fiorito A., Giansante C., Calabrese S., Negro C.
Platelet function and clotting parameters of vibration-exposed foundry workers
22 workers using pneumatic hammers and portable grinders and 20 control workers not exposed to vibration were studied. No differences were found in platelet aggregation indices between the 2 groups, and clotting parameters were normal in all cases. Cold provocation tests showed that vibration-exposed workers had greater vasoconstriction of digital vessels than the control subjects. In the early stages of vasospastic disorders, segmental vibration can induce peripheral vascular hyperactivity without changes in these physiological parameters.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1983, Vol.9, No.4, p.347-352. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 84-826 Littorin M., Högstedt B., Strömbäck B., Karlsson A., Welinder H., Mitelman F., Skerfving S.
No cytogenetic effects in lymphocytes of stainless steel welders
In 24 manual metal arc stainless steel welders with intense and long-term exposure to welding fumes no statistically significant differences from 24 matched controls were found in the frequency of cells with structural aberrations, frequency of micronuclei, or sister chromatid exchanges.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1983, Vol.9, No.3, p.259-264. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 84-825 Beving H., Malmgren R., Olsson P., Tornling G., Unge G.
Increased uptake of serotonin in platelets from car painters occupationally exposed to mixtures of solvents and organic isocyanates
12 car painters and a control group of 50 non-exposed subjects were studied. The mean platelet count in the exposed workers was markedly lower, and 3 had values below the 95% tolerance interval limit of the controls. In 9 workers the serotonin uptake rates were significantly elevated. The method can be used to reveal early organ damage before appearance of clinical symptoms.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1983, Vol.9, No.3, p.253-258. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 84-823 Högstedt B., Åkesson B., Axell K., Gullberg B., Mitelman F., Pero R.W., Skerfving S., Welinder H.
Increased frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei in workers producing reinforced polyester resin with low exposure to styrene
A micronucleus method based on analysis of lymphocytes with preserved cytoplasm is presented (methodological aspects to be discussed in a subsequent publication). A study of 38 workers producing styrene-modified polyester (mean TWA styrene exposure 13ppm) and 20 controls showed an increase of micronuclei in the lymphocytes of the study group. Smoking and age had significant effects on micronuclei frequencies. The TWA styrene concentration in the workroom air correlated well with urinary mandelic acid levels.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1983, Vol.9, No.3, p.241-246. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 84-819 Shiojima S., Hasegawa K., Ishihara N.
Subclinical increases in serum transaminase activities among female workers exposed to toluene at sub-OEL levels
8 women working in a rubber-bag plant, 18 engaged in production of rubber boots, and 50 hospital nurses as controls were subjected to a battery of liver function tests. Occupational exposure levels (OEL) in the first 2 groups were 69 and 46ppm respectively, both well below the current TLV of 100ppm. Both SGOT and SGPT levels were elevated in a statistically significant and dose-dependent manner. The possible hepatotoxicity of toluene deserves further attention.
Industrial Health, 1983, Vol.21, No.2, p.123-126. 18 ref.

CIS 84-646 Spanedda R., La Corte R., Minisci S., Ferraresi P., Burini D., Romanini D.
Exposure to asbestos and lymphoid tumours
Esposizione all'asbesto e neoplasie linfoidi [in Italian]
Clinical reports on 2 cases, one of multiple myeloma and one of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, occurring after long-term exposure to asbestos are presented. Both began with the picture of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, with subsequent discovery of blood dyscrasia. The chief pathogenetic, especially immunological, aspects of these conditions are discussed.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1983, Vol.74, No.4, p.295-301. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 84-667 Cesana G.C., Panza G., Ferrario M., Grieco A., Sega R., Folcini V., Damiani E., Libretti A.
Platelet MAO activity in shift workers exposed to noise
Studies in 15 pressmen exposed to 90dBA noise during shift work, 15 maintenance workers on the same shift but not exposed to noise, and 15 control subjects are reported. Daily values of platelet MAO (monoamine oxidase) activity, which varied considerably, were matched with those of urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine excretion. There were no significant correlations, although it is possible that peak urinary catecholamine excretion coincides with peak platelet MAO activity during strenuous physical effort.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1983, Vol.74, No.4, p.266-271. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 84-794 Dolan B.P., Levine A.M., Dolam D.C.
Small cleaved follicular center cell lymphoma: Seven cases in California plumbers
7 cases are reported. All had fabricated plastic pipe for several years and 4 had no other toxic exposures than to vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile. The expected incidence among the 30,000 plumbers from which the cases were drawn (only one-third of this population responded to the original questionnaire, and one-quarter of those who reported having lymphoma could not be contacted) was one case per year.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1983, Vol.25, No.8, p.613-615. 12 ref.

CIS 84-629 Kubota M.
The influence of asbestos on lymphoid cell function - Part 1: NK cell activity and its relationship to interferon and asbestos
When sera of asbestosis patients were added to natural killer (NK) lymphocytes from healthy donors, the activity of the cells was accelerated more than when the sera of healthy subjects were added. There were higher interferon concentrations (IFNs) in the sera of asbestosis patients, and lower IFNs in those of healthy subjects. If NK cells were exposed to asbestos, chrysotile (UICC standard sample) suppressed NK cell activity, but crocidolite (UICC standard sample) did not. The differences in length of asbestos fibres did not seem to be related to the above-mentioned phenomena.
Japanese Journal of Hygiene - Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, June 1983, Vol.38, No.2, p.623-631. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 84-628 Kubota M.
The influence of asbestos on lymphoid cell function - Part 2: NK cell activity and its relationship to ADCC and interferon in asbestosis patients
Natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in asbestosis patients were significantly lower than in a control group. Serum interferon (IFN) in asbestosis patients had risen significantly over those of the controls, and they continued to increase. In asbestosis patients, there was a significant inverse correlation between NK cell activity and serum IFN, but not between ADCC and serum IFN. Serum β₂-microglobulin levels were positively correlated with the fibrosis index in asbestosis patients.
Japanese Journal of Hygiene - Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, June 1983, Vol.38, No.2, p.632-641. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 84-501 Shima S., Kato Y., Yoshida T., Miki T., Ochiai A., Tachikawa S.
Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in pneumoconiosis
Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) activity in 263 ceramic workers with pneumoconiosis and 118 control subjects was determined by a modification of Cushman's method. SACE activity in pneumoconiotic subjects (category 1: 40.6±11.9 units; category 2: 42.8±10.0 units; category 3: 45.9±12.7 units; category A or B: 47.0±12.8 units) was higher in all categories than in normal subjects (30.8±8.8 units). SACE activities more than 2 standard deviations higher than those in controls were found in 18.3% of category 1 subjects, 22.0% of category 2 subjects, 35.3% of category 3 subjects and 32.1% of category A or B subject.
Japanese Journal of Traumatology and Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1983, Vol.31, No.4, p.320-325. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 84-464 Occupational toxic haemopathies
Hémopathies toxiques en milieu professionnel [in French]
This update on occupational toxic haemopathies excludes those due to physical agents, infections or parasites. A summary of the reasons why these haemopathies pose problems for the occupational physician is followed by a list of substances which are not presently known to cause occupational haemopathies. The principal haematotoxic agents and appropriate treatments are then reviewed; the sections of the review cover metals, metalloids, solvents, gases and vapours. Conclusions: occupational toxic haemopathies are rare and due to many agents; more agents may be identified in future; detection of persons with a genetic predisposition to blood disorders and regular haematological monitoring of exposed persons are desirable.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, 18, rue Seguier, 75006 Paris, France, 1983. Intoxications, 16530 A 10, 5-1983, 18p. 163 ref.

CIS 84-459 Dolara P., Lodovici M., Salvadori M., Santoni G., Caderni G., Buiatti E., Bavazzano P.
Enzyme induction in humans exposed to styrene
Urinary glucaric acid and the ratio between 6β-OH-cortisol and 17-OH-corticosteroids ("ratio") were determined in chemical workers exposed to styrene (≤164mg/m³) and acetone (≤571mg/m³), and in a control group. Exposed workers had significantly higher excretion of glucaric acid and a higher ratio. Variations of the 2 parameters were significantly correlated. Urinary mercapturic acids were also increased. Simultaneous styrene and acetone exposure induces mono-oxygenases in humans. The possibility that enzyme induction may modify the long-term effects of styrene exposure is discussed briefly.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 1983, Vol.27, No.2, p.183-188. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 84-166 Waxweiler R.J., Robinson C., Spanedda R., Barbieri D., La Corte R., Olsson H., Brandt L.
Asbestos and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
3 letters to the Editor relating to an article by Ross P. (CIS 83-1407). The first (Waxweiler R.J., Robinson C.) from NIOSH (USA) reviews the problem in the light of the relevant literature (8 ref.). The second (Spanedda R. et al.) reports on 2 cases of non-gastrointestinal lymphoproliferative disorder in men after prolonged exposure to asbestos, and suggests that the effects of asbestos on immunological control, T-lymphocyte numbers, and cell-mediated immunity may be more relevant than the local irritation stressed in the original paper. The immunological status of asbestos workers should be monitored to detect early signs of immunological alterations. The third letter (Olsson H., Brandt L.) reports studies in 169 men with a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The results do not support a relation between asbestos exposure and histiocytic lymphoma in the mouth or gastrointestinal tract.
Lancet, 22 Jan. 1983, Vol.1, No.8317, p.189-190, and No.8324, p.588. 19 ref.

CIS 83-2009 Baudoin D.
Place of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) as an indicator of enzyme induction in occupational medicine
Place de la gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), comme témoin d'induction enzymatique en médecine du travail [in French]
A review of the biochemical properties of γ-GT and its variations under physiological and pathological conditions is followed by a review of enzyme induction and of potentially useful biological tests linking γ-GT activity with enzyme induction. Elevated serum γ-GT was found in a subject who had been exposed to enzyme-inducing solvents. Although this result is promising, a review of the inductive properties of other industrial xenobiotics indicates that determination of γ-GT cannot replace measurement of antipyrine clearance in diagnosing enzyme induction.
Universtié René Descartes, Faculté de médecine Paris-Ouest, Paris, France, 1983. 64p. 63 ref.

CIS 83-1683 Ito Y., Shinohara R.
The effect of lead on serum lipid peroxides in lead-exposed workers
An analysis of the blood of 97 workers in steel manufacturing exposed to airborne lead concentrations of 21-311µg/m³ (average 91µg/m³). Their serum lipid peroxide level increased with the lead concentration in their blood, while the blood superoxide dismutase activity decreased when the lead concentration was above 30µg/100g.
Medicine and Biology, Feb. 1983, Vol.106, No.2, p.73-76. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 83-1372 Tomokuni K.
Effects of lead exposure on the activity of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in mice
The effects of lead exposure on the activities of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N) and δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) were investigated in mice given ad libitum drinking water containing lead at 10-500ppm for 30 days. Both enzyme activities are inhibited by lead, and their activity levels correlated negatively with the blood lead concentration. Erythrocyte P5N activity is a better indicator than ALA-D of exposure to relatively high lead concentrations, while the ALA-D activity is useful in the evaluation of exposure to low levels of lead.
Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, Jan. 1983, Vol.139, No.1, p.27-32. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 83-813 Abbas L., Bellanger G., Fuchez J., Cantegril M.
Lipid profile of civil and commercial airline technical flight personnel aged 50-55 years
Bilan lipidique du personnel navigant technique de l'aéronautique civile et commerciale entre 50 et 55 ans [in French]
Lipid profile of 163 pilots aged 50-55 years: 45% had hyperlipidaemia; 22% isolated hypercholesterolaemia; 9% isolated hypertriglyceridaemia; and 14% mixed hyperlipidaemia - a higher percentage than found in similar studies of other social and occupational categories (miners, hospital workers, administrative workers). Calorie and lipid assessments of the meals offered to pilots indicated a hypercaloric diet with an excessively high percentage of lipids. Emphasis is placed on the importance of reducing the consumption of saturated fats and the need for detailed and individualised information on cardiovascular disease risks and the relevant prophylactic measures.
Médecine aéronautique et spatiale, 1982, Vol.21, No.83, p.194-198. 24 ref.

1982

CIS 84-1683 Nakamura I., Kagami M.
Methemoglobin (MHb) concentration and MHb reductase activity of workers in an explosives factory
The blood of 20 male and 11 female workers engaged in dynamite manufacturing was examined to determine the effects of exposure to nitroglycerine and nitroglycol on methaemoglobin (MHb) concentrations and MHb-reductase activity. Average MHb concentration was 0.40±0.06%, similar to that of healthy random controls. No significant difference was observed between workers and controls in the MHb-reductase activity. The osmotic pressure fragility of erythrocyte membranes was not decreased. Heinz bodies were not detected in the erythrocytes of workers. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value did not suggest anaemia.
St. Marianna Medical Journal, Dec. 1982, Vol.10, No.4, p.471-477. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 84-1479 Omoto M., Furuichi S., Imai T., Nomura R., Hokama Y., Igarashi M.
Changes in the FDP (fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products) value under mental and physical stress - II. Simultaneous observations of FDP and other indices of fatigue in persons under experimentally loaded stress
Various load conditions causing stress were imposed on healthy volunteers. Criteria considered in addition to FDP were urinary catecholamines, flicker values, response times, adapted Kraepelin test, and subjective symptoms. Results: mental and physical loads both increased FDP levels in the serum and urine; these changes agreed roughly with serum catecholamine changes; loads so light as not to change other parameters caused detectable changes in the FDP value; FDP changes correlated well with subjective symptoms. Serum and urine FDP values seem to be useful as indices of transient fatigue, especially mental fatigue not indicated by other biochemical parameters.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 1982, Vol.24, No.6, p.616-627. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 84-766 Varela Rial J., Rodríguez Segade S., Bermejo M.E., Durán M.L., González Carreró J.
Denaturing effects on human serum proteins of mixed silica dusts
Efectos desnaturalizantes sobre las proteinas séricas humanas motivados por polvos silícicos mixtos [in Spanish]
The behaviour of mixed silica dust towards whole serum was studied. The protein-binding capacity of a series of silica and other dusts was established in a first series of experiments. The extent of protein precipitation by mixed dusts was different from that which could be inferred from adding the partial effects of each of the constituent dusts: while some (calcite, gypsum) increased it, others (limonite) reduced it. Qualitative studies showed that precipitation was due to preferential binding of globulins, especially IgG, by the dusts. The silicogenic effect of mixed dust is determined not only by the quantity and size (surface area) of the dust but also by qualitative effects per unit of surface area.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, July-Sep. 1982, Vol.30, No.119, p.167-171. 17 ref.

CIS 84-369 Ikeda M., Watanabe T., Koizumi A., Mikyasaka M., Chiba K., Suzuki Y.
Evaluation of the coil planet centrifuge method as a screening test in the health examination system to detect vibration hazards among forest workers
The coil planet centrifuge (CPC) test, a sensitive method for detecting minute changes in the osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBC), was applied to 788 forest workers in parallel with the conventional health examination for vibration hazards. Although the RBC of the workers with, or suspected of, vibration hazards tended to be osmotically more resistant than the RBC of healthy subjects, on a group basis, the results of the CPC test and the vibration hazard examination disclosed that the changes were not significant enough to identify affected individuals. The CPC test is a limited screening measure in the detection of the earliest signs of vibration disease.
Industrial Health, 1982, Vol.20, No.4, p.357-363. 13 ref.

CIS 84-507 Okubo T., Shigeta S.
Anemia cases after acute m-dinitrobenzene intoxication due to an occupational exposure
6 workers were intoxicated with m-dinitrobenzene (DNB) after acute exposure to a large amount of dust during removal of a DNB crystal layer from the surface of a tank which had overflowed accidentally during dye production. The workers developed cyanosis and moderate anaemia indicated by 1.9-15.5% loss in specific gravity of whole blood. Prolonged recovery from the anaemia was characteristic of this case of intoxication. All the exposed workers were followed for 10 years, and no long-term adverse effect was found due to the exposure.
Industrial Health, 1982, Vol.20, No.4, p.297-304. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 84-341 Waseem M., Bansal S.K., Gupta G.S.D., Kaw J.L.
Cytotoxic and hemolytic action of coal-quartz mixtures
Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophage cultures and plasma-free washed sheep erythrocyte suspensions were used. There was a stoichiometric relationship between the quartz content of the mixture and the amount of lactic dehydrogenase liberated extracellularly and acid dye uptake by macrophage monolayers. Dusts containing a higher concentration of quartz than those found in mines produced a greater degree of haemolysis. Coal did not inhibit the quartz-induced macrophage cytoxicity or erythrocyte haemolysis. The quartz content of coal mine dust may be a significant factor in the development of massive fibrosis in coalworker's pneumoconiosis.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov.-Dec. 1982, Vol.37, No.6, p.352-357. Illus. 37 ref.

CIS 84-500 Cook R.R., Bodner K.M., Kolesar R.C., Uhlmann C.S., Vanpeenen P.F.D., Dickson G.S., Flanagan K.
A cross-sectional study of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether process employees
Blood samples were studied in 53 exposed workers and 44 controls, and semen samples in a subgroup of 6 exposed and 9 controls. No gross abnormalities or clinical differences were noted in haematological or fertility indices (with the possible exception of testicular size). White blood cells and haemoglobin may be decreased at higher exposure levels.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov.-Dec. 1982, Vol.37, No.6, p.346-351. 17 ref.

CIS 84-201 Hermanowicz A., Nawarska Z., Borys D., Maślankiewicz A.
The neutrophil function and infectious diseases in workers occupationally exposed to organochloride insecticides
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function was studied in 33 workers exposed to DDT. There was a severe impairment of chemotaxis, adhesive properties, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, and an increase in random and stimulated migration. Mechanisms are discussed. At the time of the survey there was a prevalence of infectious diseases - especially tonsillitis, pharyngitis and bronchitis - among the workers (significance compared with a control group of 1000 people: p<0.001); the incidence was significantly higher in workers exposed for 12-30 years than in those exposed for 3-5 years.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1982, Vol.50, No.4, p.329-340. 18 ref.

CIS 83-1996 Pezzagno G., Imbriani M.
Monitoring methods for carboxyhaemoglobin. Applications in various professional and experimental situations.
Metodi di monitoraggio della carbossiemoglobinemia. Applicazioni in diverse situazioni professionali e sperimentali [in Italian]
Comparative study of 5 methods measuring HbCO%, one measuring it directly in the blood (using spectrophotometry), the others measuring the fractional concentration of carbon monoxide in alveolar or mid-expiratory air. The relation of HbCO% with cigarette consumption is discussed.
Lavoro umano, Nov.-Dec. 1982, Vol.30, No.3, p.135-157. Illus. 60 ref.

CIS 83-1971 Curti R., Radice L., Cesana G.C., Zanettini R., Grieco A.
Work stress and immune system: lymphocyte reactions during rotating shift work - preliminary results
Lymphocyte response to the mitogen PHA was measured in the blood of workers engaged in rotating shift work. The control group consisted of workers on a permanent afternoon shift. The lymphocyte DNA synthesis was significantly lower in the shift work group: mean value of 37.8cpm against 48.1cpm in the control group. This suggests a reduced immunosystem response in workers subjected to the stress of shift work.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1982, Vol.73, No.6, p.564-570. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 83-1961 Polonskaja V.V., Drozdova G.A., Misautova A.A., Odinokova V.A., Ljubčenko P.N.
Functional and morphological features of the mucosa of the small intestine in victims of chronic lead poisoning
Funkcional'no-morfologičeskie osobennosti slizistoj oboločki tonkoj kiški u bol'nyh s hroničeskoj svincovoj intoksikaciej [in Russian]
The morphology and γ-amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities of the mucosa of the proximal small intestine were examined in 40 workers who had had prolonged contact with lead; 26 showed symptoms of chronic lead poisoning while 14 were asymptomatic. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic groups showed reduced levels of both enzymes in comparison with unexposed controls. Alkaline phosphatase activity in intestinal juice was also reduced. Both lead-exposed groups also showed dystrophic changes in the enterocytes and villi of the mucosa and a reduced number of caliciform cells. Morphological alterations in the blood vessels suggested altered microcirculation in both groups. There was no quantitative difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The observed physiological effects of lead may contribute to the "abdominal syndrome" observed in lead poisoning, and should be taken into account in the diet of lead poisoning victims.
Sovetskaja medicina, 1982, No.1, p.24-29. 31 ref.

CIS 83-1550 Havránková J., Škoda F.
Non-specific esterase activity in lung lavage fluid after exposure to silica dust
Aktivita nespecifické esterázy v plicních výplaších po podání křemenného prachu [in Czech]
Rats were exposed to silica dust in a dusting chamber for 4h/day at a concentration of approximately 503mg/m³. Lung lavage fluid was collected after 2h on the 1st day of exposure, at intervals from 1 to 14 days after exposure began, and 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the cessation of exposure. The total protein content of the fluid increased from day 1, and non-specific esterase activity decreased from day 4. (Esterase activity was measured by incubating samples with alpha-naphthyl acetate and reacting the liberated naphthol with a diazotised dye.) In comparison to control and pre-exposure levels, protein concentrations remained high and esterase activities remained low throughout the post-exposure period.
Pracovní lékařství, Aug. 1982, Vol.34, No.6-7, p.222-225. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 83-1687 Fukumoto K.
Erythrocyte membrane changes in workers exposed to lead
Erythrocyte membrane changes in 28 workers were studied and compared to controls. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for the analysis of changes in the proteins of the erythrocyte membrane. Strong correlations were found between lead exposure and increases in membrane cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and between lead exposure and osmotic fragility. The shape of erythrocytes can change from a discocyte into an echinocyte.
Journal of the Osaka City Medical Center, Sep. 1982, Vol.31, p.487-504. Illus. 87 ref.

CIS 83-1654 Cartwright R.A., Rogers H.J., Barham-Hall D., Glashan R.W., Ahmad R.A., Higgins E., Kahn M.A.
Role of N-acetyltransferase phenotypes in bladder carcinogenesis: A pharmacogenetic epidemiological approach to bladder cancer
A large excess of patients with bladder cancer who have been exposed to N-substituted aryl compounds in production of dye intermediates have the slow phenotype of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase. Acetylator phenotyping in hospital patients with bladder cancer and controls is reported. Clerical workers and engineers using machine oils had slow-acetylator frequencies that were not significantly different from controls. All but 1 of 23 dye workers were slow acetylators. The results were highly significant. It is suggested that acetylator status could be used to identify susceptible individuals in potentially hazardous occupations.
Lancet, 16 Oct. 1982, Vol.II, No.8303, p.842-846. 18 ref.

CIS 83-1350 Dolara P., Lodovici M., Buffoni F., Buiatti E., Baccetti S., Ciofini O., Bavazzano P., Barchielli S., Vannucci V.
Variations of some parameters of enzyme induction in chemical workers
Workers exposed to toluene and xylene, but not to other solvents, or to pigments, had a significant increase in urinary glucaric acid, correlated with hippuric acid excretion. Those exposed to pigments showed a marked increase in antipyrine half-life. In rats, a decrease in liver N-demethylase was induced by administration of pigments; in workers serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was decreased by the same pigments. Exposure to chemicals seems to inhibit some enzymes and induce others in the same group of workers. The sensitivity of chemical workers to the toxic effects of chemicals differed markedly from that of the control population.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 1982, Vol.25, No.1, p.27-32. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 83-1407 Ross R., Nichols P., Wright W., Lukes R., Dworsky R., Paganini-Hill A., Koss M., Henderson B.
Asbestos exposure and lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity
An epidemiological case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas revealed an excess of male patients with large-cell lymphomas primary to the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity who had evidence of substantial exposure to asbestos. Histopathological slides from 26 of 28 cases of men interviewed between 1977 and 1981 about environmental exposure, showed evidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the large-cell type. When neighbourhood controls were matched to patients for age, race and sex, 13 matched pairs were discordant for asbestos exposure, and in 12 of these the exposed individual was a lymphoma patient. 10 patients and 1 control also reported a history of malaria.
Lancet, 20 Nov. 1982, Vol.2, No.8308, p.1118-1119. 16 ref.

CIS 83-1403 Game C.J.A.
Australian TDI workers' sera assayed for IgE against a p-tolyl-isocyanate-human serum albumin conjugate
The sera of 20 blood donors, 70 factory workers, and 1 casualty patient were assayed for IgE which bound to a p-tolyl-isocyanate-human serum albumin conjugate. 3 factory workers had abnormally high assay values in association with active tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) disease, as indicated by asthma or measurement showing chronic airway obstruction. One factory worker had an exceptionally high assay value without clinical evidence of TDI disease. Hapten inhibition studies indicated possible heterogeneity of the IgE detected by the assay. Clinical histories suggest that TDI disease can include susceptibility to asthma triggered by events other than TDI exposure.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1982, Vol.43, No.10, p.759-763. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 83-1419 Hirai K., Shiwaku K., Torii M.
Effects of the organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on the lipid metabolism
The in vitro effects of the insecticides chlorfenvinphos, EPN, fenitrothion, mecarbam, and carbaryl on serum pseudocholinesterase, nonspecific esterase, serum lipoprotein lipase, adipose tissue lipase and epinephrine-induced lipolysis were investigated. A dose-dependent inhibition of serum nonspecific esterase as well as serum pseudocholinesterase was found for these insecticides. Serum lipoprotein lipase, adipose tissue lipase and epinephrine-induced lipolysis were inhibited by 10^-3M of carbaryl, fenitrothion and chlorfenvinphos.
Journal of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine, May 1982, Vol.31, No.1, p.1-6. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 83-1381 Nakagawa H., Kawano S., Toga H., Okumura Y., Yamagami T., Yamamoto S., Nogawa K.
Investigations on physiological values of blood in industrial workers - 1.Hematological values; 2.Serum lipid values; 3.Serum colloid reaction and enzyme activity values
7,100 workers, male and female, were studied in Part 1. Frequency distributions of red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin, haematocrit and mean corpuscular constants were close to normal in men and shifted to the left in women. RBC count and haemoglobin level declined with age in men and women, and haematocrit level in men; mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin increased with age in both sexes. The sex differences were statistically significant. Serum lipids were studied in 1,728 workers. Results are given in Part 2 for total and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and β-lipoprotein. In Part 3 (1,732) workers, data are given for serum zinc sulfate turbidity test, thymol turbidity test, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 1982, Vol.24, p.236-244; p.265-283.

CIS 83-1241 Singh S.V., Das B., Rahman Q., Viswanathan P.N., Krishna Murti C.R.
Biological effects of slate dust: Solubility and hemolytic studies
Dust samples from an Indian slate mine were highly haemolytic against human erythrocytes in vitro. The haemolytic index was comparable to that of chrysotile asbestos. The rate of dissolution of silica from the dust was high.
Industrial Health, 1982, Vol.20, No.2, p.139-145. Illus. 15 ref.

< previous | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ...13 | next >