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Blood diseases - 610 entries found

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  • Blood diseases

1995

CIS 96-762 Fučić A., Hitrec V., Garaj-Vrhovac V., Barkovic D., Kubelka D.
Relationship between locations of chromosome breaks induced by vinyl chloride monomer and lymphocytosis
The distribution of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)-induced chromosome breaks was studied in cultured lymphocytes of 20 workers in a polyvinyl chloride plant. VCM concentration was 1ppm, periodically reaching 300ppm for a short period. The examined workers had considerably higher values of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges than did a non-exposed control group. Exposure to VCM caused lymphocytosis together with disturbances of mitogenic activity in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. Results of G-banding showed that sites of chromosome breakpoints caused by VCM can be related to lymphatic tissue disorders. Lymphomas and leukaemias can be expected even with a VCM concentration of 1ppm.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.565-571. 33 ref.

CIS 95-2173 Mirkova E., Ivanova-Čemišanska L., Hinkova L., Antov G., Muhtarova M.
Cytogenetic effects (frequency of micronuclei) in peripheral lymphocyte cultures from workers in automobile tyre manufacture
Citogenetični efekti (čestota na mikronukleusi) v limfocitni kulturi ot periferna krăv na rabotnicite ot proizvodstvoto na avtomobilni gumi [in Bulgarian]
Studies at the Preparatory Workshop of a plant for automobile tyres included chemical analyses for levels of identifiable human carcinogens in the working area (benz(a)pyrene, mineral oils, 2-naphthylamine), questionnaire investigations, cytogenetic analysis by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus method in peripheral lymphocyte cultures from 23 workers in occupational groups at risk and urinanalysis for mercapturic acids. The control group was 13 nonexposed subjects from outside the plant. For levels of benz(a)pyrene and mineral oils exceeding 2.5 to 3.5 times the respective exposure limits, cytogenetic analysis showed a 4-fold increase in indicators of genotoxicity (frequency of micronucleated binucleated lymphocytes, number of micronuclei per 1,000 binucleated lymphocytes). These results imply an increased risk of cancer in the exposed workers. Summary in English.
Problemi na higienata, 1995, Vol.20, p.146-162. 13 ref.

CIS 95-2149 Ilan O., Rishpon J.
Biosensor applications for pesticide monitoring. Part 1. Combined electrochemical-microgravimetric biosensor and its application for pesticides detection and measurement
A combined electrochemical-microgravimetric system based on the use of enzymatic reactions (employing the acetyl cholinesterase enzyme) was able to measure an organophosphorus insecticide (DDVP or Dichlorvos) at concentrations much lower than the ACGIH-recommended Threshold Limit Value. For instance, good reproductibility was obtained at 50% enzyme inhibition, and the sensitivity for DDVP was as low as 1x10-5 mole/L in an aqueous phase. The enzyme electrode showed good regeneration behaviour, and the use of the combined method greatly improved the reliability of the measurements. The use of enzyme-electrode measurements in occupational hygiene measurements is discussed.
Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.57-74. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 95-1849 Marino A.A.
Time-dependent hematological changes in workers exposed to electromagnetic fields
This "short communication" is a review of the results of a World War II-era study of 45 radar and radio workers of the Naval Research Laboratory of the US. Statistically significant correlations were found between increasing white blood cell counts and average daily exposure, months of exposure and total length of exposure to electromagnetic fields. Changes in cell structure were, however, within the normal range.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1995, Vol.56, No.2, p.189-192. Illus. 19 ref.

1994

CIS 96-2208 Welinder H.E., Jönsson B.A.G., Nielsen J.E., Ottosson H.E., Gustavsson C.A.
Exposure-response relationships in the formation of specific antibodies to hexahydrophthalic anhydride in exposed workers
The relationship between exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and the levels of specific immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G antibodies was investigated in a cross-sectional study on 95 workers from two plants producing epoxy resin with HHPA as a hardener (mean exposure 7 years). Results indicate that HHPA is a sensitizing compound even at low exposure levels and that short-time peak exposures may have an impact on immunoglobulin E sensitization.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.459-465. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 95-2144 Coggon D.
Epidemiological studies of styrene-exposed populations
Several cohort studies of occupationally exposed populations have suggested that workers exposed to styrene in the chemical industry have increased mortality from lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer. However, this finding has not been consistent and has not been reproduced in studies of reinforced plastics manufacturers, whose exposures to styrene are generally higher. The explanation for the observed associations may therefore be confounding by concomitant exposures to other chemicals such as benzene and butadiene, which are not used in the reinforced plastics industry. Despite their large size, the published studies of mortality and cancer incidence lack the statistical power to rule out an important hazard from long-term exposure to high (>50ppm) airborne concentrations of styrene. However, they indicate that any risk of cancer from lower levels of exposure is likely to be small.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Oct. 1994, Vol.24, Suppl., p.S107-S115. 21 ref.

CIS 95-2157 Snyder R., Kalf G.F.
A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis
This review focuses on several of the problems facing investigators who study the mechanism of benzene-induced leukaemogenesis. Benzene metabolism is reviewed with the aim of suggesting metabolites that may play a role in the aetiology of the disease. The formation of DNA adducts and their potential significance are analyzed. The clastogenic activity of benzene is discussed both in terms of biomarkers of exposure and as a potential indication of leukaemogenesis. The significance of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus formation and chromosomal translocations is discussed. The mutagenic activity of benzene metabolites is reviewed and benzene is placed in perspective as a leukaemogen with other carcinogens. Finally, a pathway from benzene exposure to eventual leukaemia is discussed in terms of biological mechanisms, the role of cytokines and related factors, latency and expression of leukaemia.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, July 1994, Vol.24, No.3, p.177-209. 278 ref.

CIS 95-2139 Jung D., Konietzko J., Reill-Konietzko G., Muttray A., Zimmermann-Hölz H.J., Doss M., Beck H., Edler L., Kopp-Schneider A.
Porphyrin studies in TCDD-exposed workers
2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity resulting in chronic hepatic porphyria. From a cross-sectional study of 170 workers in the chemical industry 68 showed elevated coproporphyrin levels, interpreted as secondary coproporphyrinuria. Three persons suffered from chronic hepatic porphyria in subclinical stages. None of the workers showed an overt porphyria cutanea tarda. A low-grade zinc protoporphyrinaemia was observed in three persons. Forty-three of the 170 workers were evaluable for investigating the effect of TCDD on porphyrin levels. No significant correlation was found between TCDD concentration in adipose tissue and the level of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin. The influence of a chloracne history is described.
Archives of Toxicology, 1994, Vol.68, No.9, p.595-598. 18 ref.

CIS 95-1765 Chase R.M., Liss G.M., Cole D.C., Heath B.
Toxic health effects including reversible macrothrombocytosis in workers exposed to asphalt fumes
An investigation was carried out into an outbreak of irritative and neurotoxic symptoms associated with exposure to asphalt fumes in a commercial lighting factory. Clinical assessment of 27 female workers indicated that the mean platelet volume (MPV) was higher and the mean platelet count was lower than in a laboratory reference group. Follow-up assessments after modification of the factory's ventilation system showed a decline in acute symptoms and a lowering of MPV towards normal. The findings suggest that reversible macrothrombocytosis (enlarged platelets) can occur among symptomatic workers exposed to asphalt fumes.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1994, Vol.25, No.2, p.279-289. 14 ref.

CIS 95-1317 Cowles S.R., Tsai S.P, Snyder P.J., Ross C.E.
Mortality, morbidity, and haematological results from a cohort of long term workers involved in 1,3-butadiene monomer production
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1994, Vol.51, No.5, p.323-329. Illus. 22 ref. ###

CIS 95-982 Sulotto F., Romano C., Insana A., Carrubba Cacciola M., Cerutti A.
Normal blood carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels in a sample of military conscripts
Valori normali di carbossiemoglobinemia e di metaemoglobinemia in un campione di militari di leva [in Italian]
Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) and methaemoglobin (MetaHb) values in blood were measured in a population of 296 asymptomatic military conscripts who were not under medical treatment and had no occupational exposure. The mean COHb value was 3.25 (SD=1.45%) in smokers and 1.34 (SD=0.8) in non-smokers, with a wide variability in both subgroups, particularly among smokers. The COHb levels in moderate smokers were lower than in heavy smokers, but smoking just before the blood test greatly increased the COHb levels. Non-smoking country dwellers had lower COHb levels than non-smoking city dwellers, but the COHb levels of smokers were independent of residence and were only smoking-related. The sample MetaHb level was 0.81 (SD=0.37) and was influenced by country living and smoking. Levels were lowest in non-smoking country dwellers (0.66, SD=0.38%) and increased with moderate smoking (0.71, SD=0.40%). Heavy smoker levels were independent of residence. Smoking just before the blood test had no effect on the value.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1994, Vol.85, No.4, p.289-298. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 95-633 Morrison H.I., Semenciw R.M., Wilkins K., Mao Y., Wigle D.T.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and agricultural practices in the prairie provinces of Canada
The aim of this study was to provide an update of a cohort study (1971-1985) that previously reported a significant risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among male Saskatchewan farm operators (see CIS 92-1589) according to fuel-oil expenditures and herbicide spraying for farms less than 100 acres (2570 hectares) by including two additional Canadian prairie provinces, two additional years of follow-up, and data from the 1981 Census of Agriculture. The addition of a further two years of follow-up resulted in lower risk estimates associated with herbicide spraying for Saskatchewan. A significantly increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to acres sprayed with herbicides was observed for the three provinces combined when the herbicide spraying data from the 1991 Census of Agriculture was used. Although the current results are not entirely consistent with the original Saskatchewan analysis, they support the overall finding of an association between herbicides and risk of fatal non-Hodking's lymphoma.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1994, Vol.20, No.1, p.42-47. 28 ref.

CIS 95-140 Moszczyński P., Slowiński S.
The behaviour of T-cell subpopulations in the blood of workers exposed to mercury
In 55 men with a history of exposure to mercury vapours, and in 36 controls, T-cell, helper T-cell, suppressor T-cell and NK-cell counts in peripheral blood were determined using monoclonal antibodies. The mean concentration of mercury in the urine of the exposed individuals was 54µg/L (S.D.=45), and in blood 4.7µg/L (S.D.=7.2). Occupational exposure to mercury induced changes in T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood, but was without effect on the number of NK cells.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1994, Vol.85, No.3, p.239-241. 8 ref.

CIS 94-1941 Bofetta P., Andersen A., Lynge E., Barlow L., Pukkala E.
Employment as hairdresser and risk of ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among women
The incidence of ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) between 1971 and 1985 or 1987 was studied on the basis of cancer registry data among women employed in hairdressing or related occupations at 1970 censuses in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. Overall, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for ovarian cancer was 1.18. The SIR was elevated among hairdressers from Denmark and Finland, whereas hairdressers from Sweden and Norway had an incidence close to expectation. In three of the four countries, the SIR was higher in 1971 to 1975 than in later years. The SIR for NHL was 1.2; an excess was seen in Denmark and a decrease was found in Sweden.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1994, Vol. 36, No. 1, p.61-65. 24 ref.

1993

CIS 95-1416 Benson L.O., Teta M.J.
Mortality due to pancreatic and lymphopoietic cancers in chlorohydrin production workers
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1993, Vol.50, No.8, p.710-716. Illus. 22 ref. ###

CIS 95-662 Lee B.K., Lee C.W., Ahn K.D.
The effect of respiratory protection with biological monitoring on the health management of lead workers in a storage battery industry
Zinc protoporphyrin in blood samples from 85 lead-exposed workers in a storage battery manufacturing plant in Korea was determined monthly for one year. The workers participating in the study wore maintenance-free respirators. The levels of lead and haemoglobin in blood and of delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine were determined at the beginning and the end of the study. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on symptoms related to lead exposure. The use of respirators significantly decreased the blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels and the levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine but not the mean haemoglobin concentrations. The prevalence of lead related symptoms decreased more significantly in female workers than male workers.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.65, Suppl.1, p.S181-S184. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 94-1225 Franco G., Fonte R., Ghittori S.
Drinking habits and occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics at low doses
The aim of this study was to evaluate certain indicators of hepatic (serum aminotransferase activities) and haematological (erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume) changes among health care personnel exposed to inhalation anaesthetics (nitrous oxide and isoflurane). Workers (172) in a hospital were divided into four groups according to exposure and drinking habits: (1) non-drinkers and unexposed subjects; (2) drinkers and unexposed subjects; (3) non-drinkers and exposed subjects; (4) drinkers and exposed subjects. Aminotransferase activity or mean erythrocyte size were not affected by anaesthetics exposure. Increased aspartateaminotransferase (AST) values among unexposed drinkers were related to alcohol intake. This observation was confirmed by the relationship between AST behaviour and quantitative alcohol intake. Thus, when studying any effect involving functions related to the biotransformation of xenobiotics, in which the liver plays a primary role, the importance of establishing the exact daily amount of ethanol intake is stressed.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1993, Vol.84, No.6, p.463-472. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 94-1309 Hanaoka T., Ishizu S., Yamano Y.
Effects of cigarette smoking on lymphocyte subsets in office workers
Some immunotoxicological studies have applied the analysis of lymphocyte subsets to the detection of biological effects of chemical exposures. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on lymphocyte subsets. Some lymphocyte subsets in healthy office workers (n=36) with no industrial exposure to chemicals were determined. A significant increase of the total peripheral white blood cell counts, the total lymphocyte counts, the percentages of CD4+CD45RA-cells and CD25 positive cells was found in smokers (n=16) compared to non-smokers (n=20). A positive correlation was also observed between the percentage of CD4+CD45RA-cells and the Brinkman index (p<0.05) and between the percentage of CD20 positive cells and the Brinkman index (p<0.1). Furthermore, a negative correlation was seen between the percentage of CD8+CD11b-cells and Brinkman index (p<0.05). On the other hand, no effects of alcohol drinking and age were observed on the percentages of lymphocyte subsets. Thus, it is necessary to take into account smoking habits in industrial toxicological studies using the analysis of lymphocyte subsets.
Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Oct. 1993, Vol.69, No.10, p.15-20. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 94-1308 Cody R.P., Strawderman W.W., Kipen H.M.
Hematologic effects of benzene: Job-specific trends during the first year of employment among a cohort of benzene-exposed rubber workers
Haematologic surveillance data from 1940 to 1975 were analyzed for a benzene-exposed cohort of 161 workers with "pre-employment" counts done before exposure and subsequent counts from the first 12 months of employment. While blood cell counts declined approximately 1000 cells/mm3 over the first 4 months of exposure, according to repeated-measures analysis of variance, workers exposed above the median benzene exposure at the plant had significantly lower average white and red blood cell counts at each month during the first year of work than did workers exposed below the median. These decreased counts suggest that clinically detectable bone marrow depression accompanied the onset of work in this plant during the 1940s and that benzene levels were higher in the 1940s than in subsequent decades. The general utility of repeated-measures analytic techniques for medical surveillance data is also demonstrated by this analysis.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1993, Vol.35, No.8, p.776-782. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 94-877 Fleming L.E., Timmeny W.
Aplastic anemia and pesticides: an etiologic association?
The majority of cases of aplastic anaemia, a rare previously lethal disease, are of unknown aetiology. Nevertheless, for the past three decades, case reports and case series of aplastic anaemia have suggested an aetiological association between aplastic anaemia and pesticide exposure. A review of the medical literature, including basic science literature, provides support for this possible association. Two hundred and eighty cases of aplastic anaemia associated with pesticide exposure were reported in the literature. The majority of these cases were young (mean age 34yrs; median, 28), with a short latency (mean, 5 months) and with a history of occupational exposure to pesticides. The pesticide exposures reported were to organochlorines and organophosphates, both commonly used types of pesticides throughout the world. Therapeutic and methodological issues as well as future directions for research into this aetiological association are discussed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.35, No.11, p.1106-1116. 38 ref.

CIS 94-581 Semenciw R.M., Morrison H.I., Riedel D., Wilkins K., Ritter L., Mao Y.
Multiple myeloma mortality and agricultural practices in the Prairie provinces of Canada
A cohort study of agricultural practices and mortality (1971 to 1987) among 150,000 male farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta was conducted. An association was found between multiple myeloma mortality and fuel/oil expenditures (relative risk for top quartile of exposure = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08-2.65). No significant associations were found between multiple myeloma and herbicide use or with selected sociodemographic variables.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1993, Vol.35, No.6, p.557-561. 20 ref.

CIS 94-218 Peng L., Wang X.
Lymphocyte B and T cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with asbestosis
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in 55 asbestos-exposed workers and 40 controls. Results agreed with previous findings showing aberrations of cell-mediated immunity (reduced T cell numbers) and hyperactive humoral immunity (increased percentage of B cells) in the exposed subjects. A correlation between changed lymphocyte activity and radiological abnormalities of the lung was also found. The findings contribute to the investigation of the immunological pathogenesis of asbestosis.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.183-184. 6 ref.

CIS 93-1885 Hansen E.S.
A follow-up study on the mortality of truck drivers
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust and cancer risk. For this purpose, a cohort of 14,225 truck drivers was followed throughout a ten-year period with regard to cause-specific mortality. Comparisons were made with another cohort of unskilled male laborers. Both of the occupational groups compared were identified at a census and no supplementary data on individual exposure history were available. The study showed an increased mortality for lung cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 160, 95% confidence interval (CI) 126-200) and multiple myeloma (SMR 439, 95% CI 142-1,024). It seems likely that exposure to diesel exhaust has contributed to the increased lung cancer risk observed. The possible relationship between multiple myeloma and certain constituents of vehicle exhaust may be worth attention in future investigations.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.23, No.5, p.811-821. 45 ref.

CIS 93-1558 Demers P.A., Vaughan T.L., Koepsell T.D., Lyon J.L., Swanson G.M., Greenberg R.S., Weiss N.S.
A case-control study of multiple myeloma and occupation
This study investigates the relationship between multiple myeloma and employment in various occupations and industries. Interviews were obtained from 89% (692) of eligible incident cases and 83% (1683) of eligible controls. An elevated risk was observed among persons ever employed as painters [odds ratio (OR)=2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-3.6], particularly for those employed for 10 or more years. A small excess risk was observed among agricultural workers employed for 10 or more years, with a higher relative risk observed among farm laborers (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0-4.0). Among agricultural workers who reported having been highly exposed to pesticides, the OR was 5.2 (95% CI=1.6-21.1). Some evidence was also found to support an association with firefighting and employment in the petroleum- and coal-products manufacturing industries. Little evidence was found to support the previously noted association with wood exposure, and no evidence for an association with employment in the rubber or petroleum refining industries was found.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.629-639. 32 ref.

CIS 93-1557 Hunter W.J., Henman B.A., Bartlett D.M., Le Geyt I.P.
Mortality of professional chemists in England and Wales, 1965-1989
Several studies on the mortality of chemists have revealed a lower overall mortality but an excess of deaths from certain diseases, in particular, cancers. This study determined the causes of mortality of 4,012 chemists among 14,884 members of the Royal Society of Chemistry who were followed for a period of 25 years. The results demonstrated consistency with other studies. There was an overall low mortality rate, with fewer deaths than expected from cancers, but an excess mortality from lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers, in particular leukaemias. There was an excess of deaths from certain gastrointestinal cancers. There was reduced mortality from respiratory diseases, including lung cancers, and from cardiovascular disease. New findings reported in this study are increased mortality from cancers of the duodenum and kidney, certain skin cancers, mental disorders, and diseases of the nervous system.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1993, Vol.23, No.4, p.615-627. 52 ref.

CIS 93-1219 Blair A., Linos A., Stewart P.A., Burmeister L.F., Gibson R., Everett G., Schuman L., Cantor K.P.
Evaluation of risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by occupation and industry exposures from a case-control study
To develop hypotheses on causes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), data from a population-based case-control interview study of 1,867 white men (622 cases and 1,245 controls) in Iowa and Minnesota conducted during 1980-1983 were examined. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on risks of NHL by occupation, by industry, and by selected exposures. Few significant associations were found. Among those that were identified, however, the strongest were with various occupations involving work with metals and metal products. The analysis by exposure estimates also uncovered a significant association with metals, but risks did not increase with estimated intensity of exposure. Slightly elevated risks were also noted among persons employed as painters and construction workers, agricultural and forestry workers, printers and typesetters, funeral directors and embalmers, and dry cleaners. Although the overall risks for benzene and other solvents were small, they increased slightly with level of assigned exposure. Several of these occupations and industries have been linked to lymphoma in other investigations and deserve further attention.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.23, No.2, p.301-312. 45 ref.

1992

CIS 93-1608 Johnson E.S.
Human exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and risk of cancer
Most of the evidence for the carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans has centred around whether or not it causes malignant lymphomas (ML) and soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). A critical review of the literature indicates that the evidence does not support a causal role for TCDD in the aetiology of ML. For STS, the evidence does not specifically incriminate TCDD either, although there is room for doubt. Cancer of other sites, particularly of the respiratory system and thyroid, which were found to be statistically significantly in excess in both of the two largest studies of combined cohorts of occupationally exposed workers, were identified as candidate tumours for which a possible aetiological role of TCDD might need investigation in future studies.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1992, Vol.21, No.6, p.451-463. 121 ref.

CIS 93-897 Midzenski M.A., McDiarmid M.A., Rothman N., Kolodner K.
Acute high dose exposure to benzene in shipyard workers
Fifteen degassers were acutely exposed over several days to high concentrations (>60ppm) of benzene during removal of residual fuel (degassing) from shipboard fuel tanks. Medical surveillance evaluation mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Benzene Standard initially revealed 11 workers (73%) reporting neurotoxic symptoms while degassing. Workers with more than two days (16 hours) of acute exposure were significantly more likely to report dizziness and nausea than those with two or fewer days of acute exposure. Repeated laboratory analyses performed over a four-month period after the acute exposure revealed at least one haematologic abnormality consistent with benzene exposure in nine (60%) of these degassers. One year later, six workers (40%) had persistent abnormalities. Confined space exposure to petroleum products may be exposing workers to benzene at levels above the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 1ppm (8h-TWA). This situation warrants further study.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1992, Vol.22, No.4, p.553-565. 44 ref.

CIS 93-491 Eriksson M., Hardell L., Malker H., Weiner J.
Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or dioxins - A register-based study
The Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER) is a linkage of census data (e.g. on occupations) with the Swedish Cancer Register. It has been used in different studies to generate hypotheses on occupational risk factors for malignant tumours. This study investigates the risk for malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or other related substances. An increased standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.3 for multiple myeloma was verified in farmers (335 cases). For malignant lymphoma, an increased SIR of 1.2 was found in farmers (227 cases). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studied separately showed an increased risk (SIR=1.2) in carpenters only (149 cases), whereas Hodgkin's disease had an increased SIR of 2.1 in sawmill workers (10 cases). Physicians also had an elevated risk for malignant lymphoma. A major shortcoming in register studies such as CER is that no individual exposure data on different agents are available. The lack of an association between an occupation and a specific malignant disease may not, therefore, be taken as evidence that persons within that occupation are not at an increased risk for that disease.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.305-312. 23 ref.

CIS 93-236 Mutti A., Buzio C., Perazzoli F., Bergamaschi E., Bocchi M.C., Selis L., Mineo F., Franchini I.
Lymphocyte subsets in workers occupationally exposed to styrene
Sottopopolazioni linfocitarie in lavoratori professionalmente esposti a stirene [in Italian]
In a comparative study of the blood of 32 styrene-exposed workers and of 19 controls, it was found that there was a reduced proportion of T helper lymphocytes and a relative increase of T suppressors in the blood of heavily exposed workers (>50ppm 8h-TWA) as compared to less exposed workers and controls. In the blood of exposed workers in general, there was a significant increase in the proportion of natural killer (NK) T lymphocytes. On the other hand, there was no change in the proportion of B lymphocytes in the blood of exposed workers. As a whole, the findings support the hypothesis of the immunotoxicity of styrene, either through a direct effect on lymphocytes or through an indirect mechanism possibly mediated by neuroendocrine changes.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1992, Vol.83, No.2, p.167-177. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 93-208 Cavalleri A., Gobba F., Ferrari D., Bacchella L., Robotti M., Mineo F., Pedroni C.
The determination of serum type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP) in occupational exposure to rock wool fibres
Il dosaggio del propeptide aminoterminale del procollagene III sierico (PIIINP) nell'esposizione professionale a fibre di lana di roccia [in Italian]
Fifty-six male workers exposed to rock wool during production, and 20 controls were examined. Exposure, evaluated by personal sampling, ranged from 0.05 to 0.74 fibres/mL (median 0.15). The subjects underwent a medical and chest X-ray examination according to ILO recommendations and pulmonary function tests. In all subjects the serum levels of type III procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PIIINPs) were determined. No evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, nor work-related lung diseases were observed. PIIINPs mean values in the exposed group were slightly higher (9.8ng/mL; 2.8 S.D.), but not significantly different when compared to controls (8.5ng/mL; 2.5 S.D.). No significant correlation between PIIINPs and rock wool exposure (both airborne levels and exposure duration) was observed. Furthermore, peptide levels were not related to pulmonary function test results. Results suggest that occupational exposure to rock wool fibres lower than 0.75 fibres/mL for less than 20yrs does not induce pulmonary fibrosis or an increase of type III collagen synthesis in the lung.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1992, Vol.83, No.2, p.127-134. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 93-188 Upfal M.
Liver enzymes among microelectronics equipment maintenance technicians
Equipment maintenance workers within the microelectronics industry have opportunities for occupational exposure to a variety of toxic agents. This pilot investigation compares liver enzymes in this population with that of other co-workers. Participants (n=135) were randomly selected from a medical surveillance programme at the manufacturing facility. Nine job categories were examined, including equipment maintenance workers and electronic technicians. Abnormal liver enzymes were detected among equipment maintenance workers (n=8; odds ratio 16.4; p<.008) and electronic technicians (n=10; odds ratio 27; p<.0005). The data suggest that independent and/or interactive aetiologic roles of occupation and alcohol should be further investigated. Early detection of subclinical occupational or recreational hepatotoxicity with appropriate employment of industrial hygiene control technology and/or the reduction of alcohol consumption may provide a means of preventing liver disease.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1992, Vol.34, No.4, p.384-390. 31 ref.

CIS 92-1189 Ford J., Smith S., Luo J.C., Friedman-Jimenez G., Brandt-Rauf P., Markowitz S., Garibaldi K., Niman H.
Serum growth factors and oncoproteins in firefighters
Firefighters are potentially at increased risk for cancer and non-malignant respiratory disease due to their toxic exposures. A cohort of firefighters was therefore screened for the presence of 9 different growth factors and oncoproteins thought to play a role in the development of various malignancies and pulmonary fibrotic disease. Fourteen of the firefighters were found to be positive for β-transforming growth factor (β-TGF) related proteins compared to none in a control group. Results suggest that β-TGF may be a possible biomarker for monitoring firefighters and other exposed workers for cancer or non-malignant respiratory disease.
Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1992, Vol.42, No.1, p.39-42. 26 ref.

1991

CIS 95-2166 Graziano J.H., Slavkovic V., Factor-Litvak P., Popovac D., Ahmedi X., Mehmeti A.
Depressed serum erythropoietin in pregnant women with elevated blood lead
Study of serum changes in 1502 lead-exposed pregnant women in Kosovo (Yugoslavia).
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov.-Dec. 1991, Vol.46, No.6, p.347.350. Illus. 24 ref. ###

CIS 94-550 Franco G.
New perspectives in biomonitoring liver function by means of serum bile acids: Experimental and hypothetical biochemical basis
Discussion of the determination of serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations as a means of biomonitoring early changes in liver function. Epidemiological studies, in which SBA concentration was used to monitor workers exposed to a full range of solvents or solvent mixtures, and which produced inconsistent results, are reviewed. Only a few studies (most consistently in workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons) show evidence of significant exposure-related increases in SBA concentration. In some studies, other indicators of hepatic dysfunction occurred without a corresponding rise in SBA concentration. Animal studies have shown dose-dependent increases in SBA concentrations. In vitro studies suggest that solvents disrupt the hepatocyte uptake of taurocholic acid and alter the calcium pump of the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a modified biliary flux and an increase in SBA concentration. The author concludes that changes in SBA concentration appear to be a nonspecific response. The lack of a clear dose response seen in many epidemiological studies must be clarified before SBA concentration can be used as a biomarker.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1991, Vol.48, No.8, p.557-561. 22 ref.

CIS 93-1618 Hagmar L., Welinder H., Lindén K., Attewell R., Osterman-Golkar S., Törnqvist M.
An epidemiological study of cancer risk among workers exposed to ethylene oxide using hemoglobin adducts to validate environmental exposure assessments
Cancer morbidity was investigated in a cohort of 2,170 ethylene oxide (EO)-exposed workers from 2 plants producing disposable medical equipment. The subjects had been employed for at least 1 year during the periods 1970-1985 and 1964-1985, respectively. The exposure to EO was assessed for each of six job categories in the plants with respect to each calendar year, on which basis values for individual cumulative exposure to EO (ppm-years) were calculated. The levels of hydroxyethyl adducts to N-terminal valine (HOEtVal) in haemoglobin fitted well with the values estimated for airborne exposure to EO. No increased cancer incidence was found (standardised morbidity ratio (SMR), 0.78; 95% CI, 0.49-1.21). No leukaemia was observed, but one case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one case of myeloma, and one case of polycythaemia vera were diagnosed as compared with two expected haematopoietic and lymphatic tumours (SMR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.32-4.5). No stomach cancer was detected as compared with the 0.5 case expected. There were no significant exposure-response associations between estimates of exposures to EO and cancer morbidity.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1991, Vol.63, No.4, p.271-277. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 93-916 Brouwer E.J., Evelo C.T.A., Verplanke A.J.W., van Welie R.T.H., de Wolff F.A.
Biological effect monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene: Effects on liver and renal function and on glutathione conjugation
A prospective study was performed among Dutch flower-bulb growers to investigate the possible effects of subchronic exposure to the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) on liver and kidney function and on glutathione conjugation capacity in blood. Urine and venous blood samples from 14 workers applying DCP (applicators) were taken and analysed at the start of the season in July, and after the season in October. Total bilirubin was significantly decreased from 9.5 before to 7.0µmol/L after the season. In combination with an increase in serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity from 12.5 to 19.5U/L this indicates moderate hepatic enzyme induction. The glomerular function parameters albumin in urine and creatinine in serum changed significantly during the season: albumin concentration increased from 5.2 to 7.6mg/L, whereas creatinine excretion decreased from 93.0 to 87.5µmol/L. The tubular function parameter retinol binding protein also increased in concentration from 20.0 to 26.9µg/L. Therefore, a subclinical nephrotoxic effect of subchronic exposure to DCP cannot be excluded. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes was significantly decreased from 4.7 before to 3.3U/g haemoglobin after the season. The same was true for the blood glutathione concentrations, which decreased from 0.93 to 0.82mM. Both parameters seem to be affected by exposure to DCP.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.48, No.3, p.167-172. 25 ref. Illus.

CIS 93-831 Lander F., Lings S.
Variation in plasma cholinesterase activity among greenhouse workers, fruitgrowers and slaughtermen
The purpose of the study was to compare the plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities of 100 greenhouse workers and 43 fruitgrowers engaged in spraying insecticides with those of 113 slaughtermen who served as controls. The ChE activity in the greenhouse workers and fruitgrowers was not significantly lower than in the controls. Nevertheless the ChE activity of greenhouse workers declined with increasing exposure. The wearing of protective gloves appears to be of particular value for the safety of workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.48, No.3, p.164-166. 6 ref. Illus.

CIS 92-1585 Roman E., Beral V., Sanjose S., Schilling R., Watson A.
Pernicious anaemia in the textile industry
The objective of this case-control study of textile and clothing workers who died in England and Wales in the years around 1961, 1971 and 1981 was to examine whether the observed excess mortality from anaemia in the industry was associated with any specific anaemia type or occupational activity. The main data gathered were type of anaemia, place of residence and of birth, and occupation. The frequency of the different types of anaemia in this industry differed from that of England and Wales with relatively more deaths from pernicious anaemia than in the country as a whole (74 observed versus 55 expected deaths). Within the industry, those whose death was attributed to pernicious anaemia were more than twice as likely as other textile and clothing workers to have worked in textile mills. Occupational factors, specifically work in textile mills, could be implicated in the pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia. The aetiology of this disease is not well understood and further study in the case of textile mill workers is required.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1991, Vol.48, No.5, p.348-352. 15 ref.

CIS 92-1540 Discalzi G., Cioci I., Ganio L., Ponzetti C., Coscia G.
Multiple myeloma and occupational risk factors - A case-control study
Mieloma multiplo e fattori di rischio occupazionali - Studio caso controllo [in Italian]
In order to identify possible relationships between multiple myeloma (MM) and occupational factors, a hospital-based case-control type study was carried out on 94 cases of MM and on 188 controls matched for sex, age, and area of residence, suffering from orthopaedic trauma and free of chronic/degenerative or tumours. All jobs done for at least 1yr in a period of 5-30yrs before diagnosis were considered. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between MM and agricultural work (OR 1.82; I.C.95% 1.03-3.25), which agrees with the data in the literature. The aetiopathogenetic hypotheses reported in the literature are discussed and proposals for further research are made.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1991, Vol.82, No.3, p.248-252. 24 ref.

CIS 92-166 Cowles S.R., Bennett J.M., Ross C.E.
Medical surveillance for leukemia at a petrochemical manufacturing complex: Four-year summary
Four-year results are presented on 2086 participants of a medical surveillance programme of current and retired employees. Annual complete blood cell count testing and intensive follow-up of all out-of-normal range results began on a voluntary basis. The programme to date has not identified any evidence for an unusual distribution of out-of-range complete blood cell count results. Active employees with out-of-range count values had no increase in adverse health outcomes compared with those with in-range values. Retired employees with out-of-range values were more likely to have a serious underlying medical condition, but this appeared to be more a function of age than of occupational exposure. The lack of correlation of out-of-range complete blood cell count results in active employees with serious haematologic disease raises significant questions about the utility of such surveillance for chemically exposed groups when exposure levels are low and well controlled.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1991, Vol.33, No.7, p.808-812. 8 ref.

CIS 91-1931 Collins J.J., Conner P., Friedlander B.R., Easterday P.A., Nair R.S., Braun J.
A study of the hematologic effects of chronic low-level exposure to benzene
A study of 200 persons working with benzene showed no differences in commonly measured haematological outcomes when compared with 268 nonbenzene workers in the same plant. Exposures ranged from 0.01ppm to a high of 1.40ppm 8-hour time weighted average over a 10-year period. Several other factors (age, sex, race, and smoking), however, were associated with these outcomes, indicating the importance of considering confounding factors when comparing haematological results. Exposure to low levels of benzene does not appear to produce an increased level of abnormal haematological measures detectable in routine medical surveillance.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1991, Vol.33, No.5, p.619-626. 28 ref.

1990

CIS 92-1537 Vineis P., Seniori Costantini A.
Italian multicentre case-control study of hematolymphopoietic malignancies
Description of a proposed study of 1,100 cases of leukaemia, 1,900 cases of lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) and 400 cases of myeloma, as well as of 1,900 controls. The aim of the study will be to see if a significant relationship can be shown between these malignancies and exposure to organic solvents, phenoxy herbicides and other chemicals.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1990, Vol.81, No.6, p.506-512.

CIS 92-215 Barregĺrd L., Wikkelsö C., Rosengren L.E., Aurell A., Thiringer G., Nilson L., Sällsten G., Haglid K.G., Blomstrand C.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in men with chronic encephalopathy after exposure to organic solvents
Cerebrospinal fluid was examined for 23 patients with chronic toxic encephalopathy after heavy exposure to organic solvents and 23 healthy age-matched referents. No differences were found between the patients and referents with respect to the levels of albumin, immunoglobulin, prealbumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, beta-2-microglobulin, haptoglobin, or the astroglial cell proteins S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. The albumin ratio was normal for both the patients and the referents. The patient group had had heavy exposure to organic solvents, but its members had not been exposed for at least one year before the study. It was concluded that, if exposure to organic solvents affects proteins in cerebrospinal fluid, such effects are probably reversible.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1990, Vol.16, No.6, p.423-427. 21 ref.

CIS 91-834 Heyer N., Weiss N.S., Demers P., Rosenstock L.
Cohort mortality study of Seattle fire fighters: 1945-1983
Fire fighters are known to be occupationally exposed to many toxic substances. However, the limited number of previous studies has not demonstrated any consistent excess mortality from diseases of a priori concern, such as lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. The authors studied 2,289 Seattle fire fighters from 1945 through 1983, and observed 383 deaths. Excess mortality from leukaemia and multiple myeloma was observed among fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty. Lung cancer mortality was elevated among fire fighters 65 years old or older. A trend of increasing risk with increasing exposure (30 years and more) was observed for diseases of the circulatory system. For this cause of death, fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty had a relative risk of 1.84 compared to those with less than 15 years of fire combat duty.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1990, Vol.17, No.4, p.493-504. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 91-826 Radziszewszki E.
Evaluation of an end-expiratory gas sampler. Application to carboxyhaemoglobin measurement
Evaluation d'un échantillonneur de gaz de fin d'expiration. Application ŕ la détermination de la carboxyhémoglobine [in French]
An automated device that is simple, practical, efficient and inexpensive and that can be used for sampling end-expiratory (alveolar) gas is described. The device can be used for the determination of the carboxyhaemoglobin level in smokers using the 20-second apnoea method. The great sensitivity and reproducibility of the obtained results made it possible to measure the carbon monoxide intake while smoking one single cigarette. The method is suitable for epidemiological and toxicological studies when an alveolar gas sample is needed for the evaluation of contamination levels in the organism caused by a given pollutant.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1990, Vol.51, No.4, p.245-249. 16 ref.

CIS 91-830 Brandt-Rauf P.W., Smith S., Perera F.P., Niman H.L., Yohannan W., Hemminki K., Santella R.M.
Serum oncogene proteins in foundry workers
Oncogene activation can be detected by immunoblotting for oncogene proteins in serum. This technique has been applied to screen a cohort of foundry workers with well-defined workplace exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens. Three of the 18 individuals screened were found to have abnormal expression of the proteins of the ras and fes oncogenes. These three individuals were known to have had medium to high workplace exposures to benzo(a)pyrene and to have correspondingly high levels of benzo(a)pyrene DNA adducts in their peripheral leukocytes. These results suggest the feasibility of using serum oncogene proteins along with DNA-carcinogen adducts as potential molecular epidemiological markers in exposed worker populations.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Spring 1990, Vol.40, No.1, p.11-14. 22 ref.

CIS 91-480 Lundberg I.
Mortality and cancer incidence in long-term solvent-exposed paint industry workers
Dödsorsaker och cancersjuklighet hos lĺngvarigt lösningsmedelsexponerade färgindustriarbetare [in Swedish]
Mortality was followed in a cohort of 416 men who had worked for at least 5yrs in any of 9 Swedish paint manufacturing companies during the period 1955-1975. Expected mortality was calculated using national rates for the period 1961-1987. Results for the follow-up period from 1961 to 1981 have already been published. Among men employed in 1956 or earlier, there were 6 deaths from malignant tumours in the blood and lymphatic tissues compared to 2.3 expected. This excess may be related to benzene or general solvent exposure. The previous follow-up also showed some excess mortality due to liver cirrhosis, respiratory disease and genito-urinary disease but there were no deaths due to these conditions in the 1982-1987 follow-up period.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 15p. 17 ref.

CIS 91-547 Roels H.A., Lauwerys R.R., Buchet J.P., Bernard A.M., Lijnen P., Van Houte G.
Urinary kallikrein activity in workers exposed to cadmium, lead, or mercury vapour
A significant reduction of kallikrein activity in urine (assayed by its amidolytic activity) was found in 64 normotensive workers who had been exposed to cadmium for 11 years on average and whose cadmium concentrations in urine ranged from 2.2 to 33.1µg/g creatinine. The mean (geometric) urinary kallikrein acitivity (in U/g creatinine) amounted to 0.52 in the control group (n = 193) against 0.39 in the cadmium group. A reduction of aldosterone release (aldosterone in urine) associated with an increased natriuresis was also observed. This might constitute a compensatory mechanism maintaining blood pressure in the normal range. This study indicates that cadmium can induce an irreversible toxic effect in the distal nephron. It also suggests that an excessive cadmium body burden alone may not be sufficient to induce hypertension, but in individuals whose blood pressure regulation may be impaired by other factors cadmium could stimulate the development of hypertension. This study also supports the recommendation to prevent hypertensive subjects from being exposed to cadmium. There was no indication that moderate exposure to mercury vapour was associated with a reduction of kallikrein production by the kidney.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1990, Vol.47, No.5, p.331-337. 35 ref.

CIS 90-2071 Jost M., Rüegger M., Liechti B., Reber E.
Prevention of blood-borne infections in medical laboratories
Verhütung von blutübertragbaren Infektionen in medizinischen Laboratorien [in German]
Prévention des infections transmises par voie sanguine dans les laboratoires médicaux [in French]
Leaflet listing hazards and safety precautions to be observed by staff handling blood samples in medical laboratories.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1990. 6p. Illus.

CIS 90-2070 Jost M., Rüegger M., Liechti B., Reber E.
Prevention of blood-borne infections in the treatment of patients
Verhütung von blutübertragbaren Infektionen beim Umgang mit Patienten [in German]
Prévention des infections transmises par voie sanguine lors de soins aux patients [in French]
Leaflet listing the hazards of contracting blood-borne diseases to which medical and para-medical personnel are exposed when treating patients, and the safety measures to be applied accordingly.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1990. 6p. Illus.

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