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Document ID (ISN)45562
CIS number 86-396
ISBN(s) 91-7464-249-9
Year 1985
Convention or series no. Arbete och Hälsa 1985:6
Author(s) Jakobsen B.M., Astrup Jensen A.
Title Nordic Expert Group on the Documentation of Threshold Limit Values - 56. Hydrazine and hydrazine salts
Original title Hydrazin og hydrazinsalte [in Danish]
Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation - 56. Hydrazin och hydrazinsalter [in Swedish]
Bibliographic information Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1985. 64p. Illus. 158 ref.
Abstract Hydrazine and its salts are readily absorbed into the body through the skin, the lungs and the gastro-intestinal tract. Absorbed hydrazine is distributed to most organs, but the highest concentrations are found in the kidneys. Hydrazine is metabolically degraded by mixed-function oxidases, mainly to nitrogen and water. Other important metabolites are N-acetylhydrazine and 1,2-diacetylhydrazine. Hydrazine and its metabolites are mainly excreted via the urine or via exhalation. The oral LD50 of hydrazine in rodents is about 60mg/kg body weight. The toxicological mechanism is probably inhibition of enzymes in the gamma-aminobutyrate system. Pure hydrazine is highly corrosive, and dilute solutions of hydrazine and salts are irritating to the skin and to the mucous membranes. Hydrazine and its salts are also potent sensitisers. In long-term exposure experiments, the liver is the most sensitive organ: fatty liver has been produced in mice (but not in rats). In rodent studies, hydrazine is carcinogenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic, and its effects the morphology of sperm. Hydrazine and its salts damage DNA and produce mutations in bacterial and mammalian cell cultures. Occupational exposure limits should be based on the carcinogenic and reproductive effects of hydrazine and its salts.
Descriptors (primary) mutagenic effects; embryotoxic effects; threshold limit values; enzyme inhibition; hepatotoxic effects; sensitization; irritation; toxicology; caustic substances; teratogenic effects; carcinogenic effects; hydrazine
Descriptors (secondary) literature survey; hydrazine sulfate; routes of entry; hydrazine bromide; hydrazine chloride; hydrazine dichloride; hydrazine tartrate; hydrazine iodide; hydrazine perchlorate; adiposis hepatica; urinary metabolites; lethal dose 50; determination of exposure limits; hydrazine nitrate
Document type E - Books, reports, proceedings
Subject(s) Toxic and dangerous substances
Broad subject area(s)
Browse category(ies) Blood diseases
Antifertility and prenatal effects
Alkaline materials
Genetic factors in reaction to exposures
Occupational exposure limits