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ILO-CIS Bulletin 2003/04CIS 03-1501 --- CIS 03-2000Laws, regulations, directivesCIS 03-1501 Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act [USA - Michigan]. Internet document, 1974-1986. 30p. (In English) Internet: The basic OSH law in the state of Michigan, promulgated in 1974 and modified in 1986. It applies to all places of employment in the state, with the exception of domestic employment and mines. The provisions of the law do not affect workers' compensation law or affect in any other way the rights and duties of workers and employers under common law or statutory provisions in connection with occupational injuries, diseases or fatalities. Contents: definitions; duties of employers and workers; administration and enforcement; inclusion of federal OSH standards (with modifications in some cases); creation of commissions for general industrial safety standards, construction safety standards and occupational health standards; temporary orders granting variances from the standard; inspection and investigations; determination of imminent danger, notices and tagging; violations and penalties; procedural matters; safety education and training; records, reports and notices of accidents, injuries and fatalities. The Act came into effect on 1 Jan. 1975. Several previous Acts on OSH are repealed. (102982)
CIS 03-1502 Law of the People's Republic of China on Work Safety [China]. (Chinese: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Anquan Shengchan Fa) Coal Industry Press China, Beijing, China, 2002. 73p. Price: CNY 6.80., ISBN 7-5020-2245-7 (In Chinese, English) Internet: This Law concerning the basic occupational safety provisions to be introduced into Chinese legislation came into effect on 1 Nov. 2002. It applies to all enterprises engaged in production and other types of business. Contents: general provisions; how enterprises are supposed to introduce and maintain appropriate occupational safety conditions; rights and duties of employees; supervision and control over work safety; emergency organization, accident investigation and post-accident duties; legal responsibilities; supplementary provisions. (102986)
CIS 03-1503 Law No.528 on occupational safety [Kazakhstan]. (Russian: Zakon - O bezopasnosti i ohrane truda) CIS Document (Russian version: 17p.; English version: 18p.). Also in: Kazahstankaja Pravda, 12 Mar. 2004, No.49-50. (In English, Russian) Internet: Basic OSH law on occupational safety in Kazakhstan (effective: 12 Mar. 2004). Contents: general provisions (basic definitions, scope); public management of OSH (primarily: role of government bodies in managing OSH issues); workers' rights regarding OSH (medical examination of workers, basic guarantees of workers' rights, special provisions for women and workers below 18 years of age, training and briefing of workers); rights and obligations of employers and workers; OSH procedures (OSH services within enterprises, development of OSH standards, OSH requirements for the design and construction of new facilities, labour inspection, social control of OSH, powers of workers' representatives regarding OSH). The Law on OSH dated 22 Jan. 1993 and the Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the same date putting that Law into effect are repealed. (102988)
CIS 03-1504 Decree No.30 of 15 Jan. 2004 on the investigation and registration of occupational accidents and diseases [Belarus]. (Russian: Pravila rassledovanija i učeta nesčastnyh slučaev na proizvodstve i professional'nyh zabolevanij) Nacional'nyj Reestr Pravovyh Aktov, 26 Jan. 2004, No.8, p.4-15. (In Russian) Internet: This Decree, issued in accordance with Presidential Decree No.18 of 30 July 2003 concerning compulsory insurance against occupational diseases and accidents, establishes the rules for their investigation and notification/registration. (102981)
CIS 03-1505 Consumer Protection / Health and Safety - The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 2002 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd (TSO), PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 2002. 24p. Illus. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-11-039830-0 (In English) Internet: These Regulations consolidate with amendments the regulations in effect in Great Britain regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), and implementing Directive 89/686/EEC (CIS 90-381), as amended subsequently. They revoke The Personal Protective Equipment (EC Directive) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-1079), together with their amendments made in 1993, 1994 (CIS 95-2) and 1996. Contents: interpretation; application; general duties for those placing PPE on the market; conformity assessment procedures; CE markings; role of approved bodies in connection with conformity assessment. In annexes: exhaustive list of PPE classes not covered by this Directive; basic health and safety requirements of PPE; CE conformity marking; EC type-examinations; EC quality control systems. (102990)
CIS 03-1506 The Factory (Safety Committee) Regulations, 1975; The Factories (Registration and Duties of Safety Officers) Regulations, 1975 [Singapore]. Republic of Singapore - Government Gazette (Subsidiary Legislation Supplement), 3 Oct. 1975, No.51, p.674-682. (In English) Internet: Two sets of regulations issued under the authority of The Factories Act, 1973 (CIS 91-703). The first set of Regulations (S 262/75) specifies that factories with 50 or more employees are obliged to set up a safety committee consisting of representatives of both the employees and the management. The regulations provide the basic details of operating such committees, as well as their principal tasks and responsibilities. The second set of Regulations (S 263/75) provides for the registration of safety officers and outlines their responsibilities, in particular in connection with the preparation of a safety report to be filed with the Chief Inspector. (102993)
CIS 03-1507 Decree No.2004-760 of 28 July 2004 concerning the reform of occupational medicine and modifying the Labour Code [France]. (French: Décret n°2004-760 du 28 juillet 2004 relatif à la réforme de la médecine du travail et modifiant le code du travail [France]) Bulletin officiel du Ministère du travail, de l'emploi et de la formation professionnelle, 20 Aug. 2004, No.2004/15. 8p. (In French) Internet: This decree modifies the conditions under which occupational medical services operate in France, in particular within the framework of the Labour Code. Topics dealt with include: requirement to establish occupational health services in certain enterprises; creation of inter-enterprise occupational health services; role of control commissions and of inter-enterprise committees in the management of occupational health services; creation of medico-technical committees within occupational health services; role of the occupational physician; medical examination of workers. (102621)
CIS 03-1508 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Pregnant Employees etc.) Regulations, 2000 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sale Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 2000. 9p. (In English) Internet: These Regulations concerning the protection of pregnant and breastfeeding women against occupational hazards were introduced under the authority of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 (see CIS 02-1504), and they transpose into Irish legislation the provisions of Directive 92/85/EEC (see CIS 93-22). Contents: general duties of employers; night work provisions; information. The 1994 Regulations on the same subject are revoked. In annex: non-exhaustive lists of agents, processes and working conditions requiring risk assessment when pregnant and breastfeeding women are potentially at risk. (102997)
CIS 03-1509 Decree No.63 of 9 Dec. 2003 of the Ministry of Trade approving the Regulations on occupational safety in commercial establishments [Belarus]. (Russian: Pravila ohrany truda v organizacijah torgovli) Nacional'nyj Reestr Pravovyh Aktov, 16 Feb. 2004, No.24, p.61-94. (In Russian) Internet: These regulations contain safety measures regarding dangerous manufacturing processes and technologies in the commercial sector, as well as general OSH measures in the sector concerning the working environment, workplace air, heating, ventilation, lighting, noise and equipment. (102622)
CIS 03-1510 Decree No.162 of 30 Dec. 2003 of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection to approve sector-specific standards for the free provision of personal protective equipment to workers in the service industries [Belarus]. (Russian: Tipovye otraslevye normy besplatnoj vydači sredstv individual'noj zaščity rabotnikam bytovogo obsluživanija) Nacional'nyj Reestr Pravovyh Aktov, 22 Jan. 2004, No.8, p.51-63. (In Russian) Internet: This decree gives legal recognition to a standard listing personal protective equipment (PPE) to be provided free of charge to workers in various professions in the service industries. (102623)
CIS 03-1511 Decree No.150 of 26 Nov. 2003 of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection to approve sector-specific standards for the free provision of personal protective equipment to workers in the mechanical engineering and metallurgy sector [Belarus]. (Russian: Tipovye otraslevye normy besplatnoj vydači sredstv individual'noj zaščity rabotnikam, zanjatym v mašinostroenii i metalloobrabatyvajuščih proizvodstvah) Nacional'nyj Reestr Pravovyh Aktov, 9 Jan. 2004, No.1, p.57-136. (In Russian) Internet: This decree gives legal recognition to a standard listing personal protective equipment (PPE) to be provided free of charge to workers in various professions in the mechanical engineering and metallurgy sector. (102624)
CIS 03-1512 Longshoring, Marine Terminals, and Gear Certification - Final Rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 30 June 2000, Vol.65, No.127, p.40,936-40,951. (In English) Internet: This is a corrected version of the 1997 Final Rule concerning safety and health regulations for longshoring (see CIS 98-388). The Rules address cargo handling and related activities conducted aboard vessels (the Longshoring Standard) and landside operations at maritime terminals (the Maritime Terminals Standard). Several cross-references to the rules applying to gear certification are also corrected. (102998)
CIS 03-1513 Health and Safety - The Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 2000 + Amendment (2002) [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd (TSO), PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 2000, 2002. 43p. + 4p. (amendment). Price: GBP 6.50 + 1.75 (amendment)., ISBN 0-11-018676-1, ISBN 0-11-039273-6 (amendment) (In English) Internet: The purpose of these Regulations is the protection of persons from risks arising from activities involving the contained use of genetically modified organisms (in the case of genetically modified micro-organisms, the protection of the environment is also provided for). They implement in Great Britain Council Directive 90/219/EEC (CIS 93-1075), as modified subsequently. Any activity involving the genetic modification of organisms is prohibited unless an appropriate risk assessment has been carried out. The Regulations also provide for: notification and duties of the competent authority; obligation to respect safety principles; application of containment measures; preparation of emergency plans; notification of accidents to the competent authority; granting of exemptions. The Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-1072), together with their 1996 and 1998 amendments, are repealed. S.I. 2002 No.63 is a 2002 amendment that introduces confidentiality provisions in the interest of national security. (102995)
CIS 03-1514 Workplace ventilation - Air circulation techniques [Germany]. (German: Arbeitsplatzlüftung - Lufttechnische Maßnahmen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Carl Heymanns Verlag, Luxemburger Straße 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, 2004. 55p. Illus. (In German) Internet: This technical rule instructs employers on how to provide appropriate workplace air for their workers in order to protect their health and well-being. Contents: requirements for air in the workplace; principal protection measures (prevention of harmful emissions, aspiration, ventilation, personal protection); requirements for aspiration; aeration techniques; organizational measures within the enterprise. In annex: air capture equipment; separation for particles and gases; use of heat in ventilation equipment; list of relevant regulations, rules and standards. Formerly known as ZH 1/140. (102626)
CIS 03-1515 Notification No.906 of 8 Nov. 2002 on the provisions for the prevention of cancer risks involved in work with chemical substances and materials [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse om foranstaltninger til forebyggelse af kræftrisikoen ved arbejde med stoffer og materialer) Lovtidende A, 19 Nov. 2002, Vol.159, No.902-908, p.7017-7079. (In Danish) Internet: This notification (effective: 1 Dec. 2002) implements in Denmark the provisions of the principal European Directives dealing with carcinogens, in particular 90/394/EEC (see CIS 90-1758), as amended by 97/42/EC (CIS 99-17), 98/24/EC (CIS 98-1094) and 99/38/EC. Contents: general provisions; estimation of safety and health hazards of work activities; special provisions; lower limits of applicability, authorizations and notifications; revisions, dispensations and warnings; sanctions. Notification No.140 of 17 Feb. 1997 (see CIS 98-396) on the same topic is repealed. In annex: schedule of carcinogenic substances and materials (with minimum percentage needed for applicability of the Notification, special provisions (if any) and occupations/places of work where the provisions can be applied); schedule of work processes to which the Notification applies. (102629)
CIS 03-1516 Ordinance No.457/2003: Ordinance modifying Part 1 of the Enforcement Order on the Occupational Safety and Health Law [Japan]. (Japanese: Seirei dai-457-gō: Rōdō-anzen-eisei-hō shikō no ichibu o kaisei suru seirei) Kampō Gōgai, 16 Oct. 2003, No.239, p.29-31. (In Japanese) Internet: This ordinance introduces into the basic OSH law in Japan (see CIS 92-352) further restrictions on the use of asbestos. Several products, including cement, brake-pads and glue, must not contain >1% asbestos by weight. (102984)
CIS 03-1517 Health and Safety - The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application to Environmentally Hazardous Substances) Regulations 2002 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd (TSO), PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 2002. 4p. Price: GBP 1.75., ISBN 0-11-039310-4 (In English) Internet: These Regulations extend the reference to dangerous substances in the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (see CIS 74-2099) to include environmentally hazardous substances. They are intended to extend to such substances the effect of enabling regulations to implement in Great Britain any of a large number of European Directives dealing with dangerous substances. The 1996 Regulations on this subject, together with their 1999 Amendments, are repealed. (102996)
CIS 03-1518 Health and Safety - The Asbestos (Prohibitions) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd (TSO), PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 1999. 5p. Price: GBP 2.00., ISBN 0-11-085167-6 (In English) Internet: These Regulations amend the 1992 Regulations prohibiting most uses of asbestos (see CIS 93-359), at the same time implementing in Great Britain Commission Directive 1999/77/EC (see CIS 99-1767). Among the changes introduced the Regulations change the definition of "supply" to cover the supply of asbestos for considerations other than money. The prohibition on the importation, supply and use of asbestos is extended to chrysotile. Provision is made for the granting of exemptions in the interest of national security. In annex: schedule of derogations from the prohibition on the importation, supply and use of chrysotile. (102999)
CIS 03-1519 "Classification and labelling" compilation [Germany]. (German: Kompendium "Einstufung und Kennzeichnung") Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 486p. Price: EUR 36.50., ISBN 3-89701-995-7 (In German) Internet: From 1st of January 2000, the German ordinance on dangerous substances transposes European regulations on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances into national law. This document is a compilation of all EU regulations adopted in German legislation, together with three technical rules on dangerous substances (TRGS 200, 201 and 220). (102969)
CIS 03-1520 Directive 2003/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2003 amending Council Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances [European Union]. (French: Directive 2003/105/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 16 décembre 2003 modifiant la directive 96/82/CE du Conseil concernant la maîtrise des dangers liés aux accidents majeurs impliquant des substances dangereuses [Union européenne]; Spanish: Directiva 2003/105/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 16 de diciembre de 2003, por la que se modifica la Directiva 96/82/CE del Consejo relativa al control de los riesgos inherentes a los accidentes graves en los que intervengan sustancias peligrosas [Unión europea]) Official Journal of the European Union - Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, 31 Dec. 2003, Vol.46, No.L 345, p.97-105. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: This Directive modifies Directive 96/82/EC concerning major-accident hazards (see CIS 97-1079). The scope of the original Directive is modified, in part in response to several recent major accidents in Europe (e.g. the Jan. 2000 spillage of cyanide from a mine in Baia Mare, Romania; the May 2000 fireworks accident in Enschede, the Netherlands; the Sep. 2001 explosion at a fertilizer plant in Toulouse, France). Chemical and thermal processing operations connected to mining and quarrying, storage related to such operations, as well as mine tailings containing dangerous substances will henceforth be covered by the provisions of the Directive, while the offshore exploration and exploitation of minerals (including hydrocarbons) will be excluded. Several other modifications are introduced. In annex: changes to the list of dangerous substances and carcinogens, as well as to tables indicating minimum amounts. (102983)
CIS 03-1521 Health and Safety - The Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2004 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd (TSO), PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 2004. 95p. Illus. Price: GBP 9.00., ISBN 0-11-049063-0 (In English) Internet: These new Regulations act as one consolidated piece of legislation replacing the previous range of regulations on the subject. They implement, in part or completely, several Directives of the European Commission. They replace Regulations S.I. 1987/116 (CIS 90-713), 1988/896 (CIS 89-387), 1991/2097 (CIS 93-1082), 1996/2092 (CIS 97-377), 1996/2093 (CIS 97-375), 1996/2094 (CIS 97-370), 1999/257 (CIS 00-1522), 2001/1426 and 2002/2099 (CIS 03-1040), as well as Regulations modifying these. The main changes introduced are: new limited quantity and load thresholds for transporting dangerous goods; packaging requirements now based on RID/ADR; the transport of diesel, gas oil and heating oil coming fully into scope; new reporting requirements; phasing out of the competent person periodic inspection regime for transportable pressure equipment by 1/7/06. In schedules: old tanks; old pressure receptacles; competent authority functions; conformity assessments and reassessments; periodic inspection procedures; conformity marking; placards, marks and plate markings for carriage within Great Britain. (102989)
CIS 03-1522 The Radiation Protection Act 1991 [Singapore]. Republic of Singapore - Government Gazette (Acts Supplement), 25 Jan. 1991, No.6, 19p. (In English) Internet: This Act, designed to control and regulate the importation, manufacture, sale, disposal, transportation, storage, possession and use of radioactive materials and irradiating apparatus, replaces the previous Radiation Protection Act (ch.262 of the 1975 rev. ed.). Contents: definitions; administration of the Act; safety rules concerning the use, manufacture, sale of and dealing with radioactive substances and irradiating apparatus; licences; general provisions relating to OSH; disposal of radioactive waste; miscellaneous provisions. (102994)
CIS 03-1523 Government Decree No.34 of 13 Jan. 2004 approving the Schedule of diseases related to exposure to ionizing radiation and the Rules establishing a link with such diseases [Kazakhstan]. (Russian: Perečen' zabolevanij, svjazannyh s vozdejstviem ionizirujuščih izlučenij) Aktiler Žinagy - Sobranie Aktov, 17 Feb. 2004, No.1, p.130-134. (In Russian) Internet: This decree presents a list of diseases that may be directly related to exposure to ionizing radiation. It also defines the modalities for establishing such relationships between the occurrence of such diseases and past or present employment. (102625)
CIS 03-1524 Regulations of 30 June 2000 concerning the conditions and means of acquiring special training by persons who work with sources of ionizing radiation [Croatia]. (Croatian: Pravilnik o uvjetima i načinu stjecanja stručne izobrazbe osoba koje obavljaju djelatnosti s izvorima ionizirajućih zračenja) Narodne Novine, 13 July 2000,Year CLXII, No.67, p.2839-2843. (In Croatian) Internet: These Regulations specify the OSH training requirements of persons potentially exposed at work to sources of ionizing radiation. The training is organized by the Croatian Institute for Radiation Protection. (102843)
CIS 03-1525 Royal Decree No.783/2001, of 6 July, approving the Regulations concerning health protection against ionizing radiation [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 783/2001, de 6 de julio, por el que se aprueba Reglamento sobre protección sanitaria contra radiaciones ionizantes [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 26 July 2001, No.178, p.27284-27393. (In Spanish) Internet: These regulations provide for the protection of workers and the general public against the dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation. They implement in Spain the provisions of EURATOM directives 80/836 (CIS 81-95), 84/467 (CIS 85-90) and 90/641 (CIS 94-18). Contents: general provisions (aims of the regulations, administrative authorities and organs); justification, optimization and dose limitation for all activities involving ionizing radiation; effective and equivalent dose; basic principles of operational protection for exposed workers, people undergoing training and students (principles of radiation protection, classification and delimitation of danger zones, classification of exposed workers, information and training, evaluation and application of radiological protective measures, exposure evaluation, health monitoring of exposed workers, protection standards for students and trainees); radiological protection of the population under normal circumstances; interventions; natural radiation sources; inspection; penalties for non-compliance. In annex: definitions; dose estimation in case of internal and external exposure; signalling of danger zones. Royal Decree No.53/1992 (see CIS 92-370) is revoked. (102985)
Chemical data sheets and criteria documentsCIS 03-1526 n-Butanol (CAS No.71-36-3). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2003. 116p. Illus. Approx. 390 ref. (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: n-butanol (nBA; also: butyl alcohol) is readily absorbed through the lungs of humans and laboratory animals and can also penetrate the skin. It is of low toxicity in animals when administrated by gavage, inhalation or application to the skin. The typical effect of exposure to high doses of nBA is a transient, depression (narcosis) of the central nervous system. Specific neurotoxicity is not observed. Specific target organs and selective toxicity have not been identified. nBA is not genotoxic and there is no concern for carcinogenic potential. It showed some foetotoxicity in laboratory animals at high concentrations. Earlier reports describing neurotoxicity and hearing loss in workers exposed to nBA have not been substantiated. Toxic effects in humans: slightly to moderately irritant to the skin on prolonged contact, and moderately irritant to the eyes. (102702)
CIS 03-1527 Tetrafluoroethylene (CAS No.116-14-3). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2003. 75p. Illus. 141 ref. (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: in laboratory animals, the primary effect of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is damage to the kidney. Long-term exposures result in a low level of toxicity manifesting as kidney effects and anaemia in rats and mice, and possibly testicular changes in hamsters. No specific study of the reproductive effects of TFE is available. TFE is not genotoxic either in vitro or in vivo. The main metabolite (cysteine conjugate) of TFE, S 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethyl-L-cysteine, is also not mutagenic in vivo. In long-term carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice, repeated inhalation of high doses of TFE produced tumours of the kidney in rats and mice and in the liver of mice. In mice, a higher number of tumours of the haematopoietic system were also observed. The current lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the development of these three tumours types precludes a full evaluation of the hazard to humans from exposure to TFE . (102703)
CIS 03-1528 sec-Butanol (CAS No. 78-92-2). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2003. 76p. Illus. Approx. 200 ref. (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: acute toxicity of sec-butanol (sBA; also: sec-butyl alcohol) is low in laboratory animals. It is non-irritant to rabbit skin, but is severely irritant to the eye. It is not a skin sensitizer in guinea pigs. sBA is not genotoxic and there is no concern for a carcinogenic potential. sBA showed some foetotoxicity in laboratory animals at high concentrations. In humans, no adverse systemic effects associated with acute or repeated exposure to sBA have been reported. As sBA is volatile, high exposure levels may result in acute central nervous system effects, including headache and dizziness. sBA, after transformation to methyl ethyl ketone, may potentiate the neurotoxicity of certain neurotoxic ketones; such effects, however, have not been reported so far. (102704)
CIS 03-1529 Selected nitro- and nitro-oxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Kielhorn J., Mangelsdorf I., International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. xxvi, 480p. Approx. 800 ref. Price: CHF 90.00; USD 81.00 (CHF 72.00 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157229-9 (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document on selected nitro- and polycyclic nitro-aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs): data on the in vivo genotoxicity of nitroPAHs are available for 15 nitroPAHs; all nitroPAHs that gave positive results in vivo were also positive in vitro. However, four nitroPAHs that were positive in in vitro genotoxicity tests revealed inconsistent or inconclusive genotoxicity (2-nitronaphthalene, 5-nitroacenaphthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) or negative genotoxicity (2,7-dinitrofluorene) results in vivo. There are no reports on the effects of individual nitroPAHs on humans. Since nitroPAHs occur in complex mixtures in the atmosphere and exhaust gases, the exact contribution of nitroPAHs to the adverse health consequences of exposure to polluted atmospheres and to exhaust cannot be determined. (102844)
CIS 03-1530 Nitrobenzene. Davies L., International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. xxii, 265p. Approx. 700 ref. Price: CHF 54.00; USD 48.60 (CHF 37.80 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157230-0 (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document on nitrobenzene: nitrobenzene is toxic to humans when absorbed by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. The main systemic effect associated with human exposure to nitrobenzene is methaemoglobinaemia. Although no no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) could be derived from available toxicological studies, there is a seemingly low risk for non-neoplastic effects. If exposure values are low enough to avoid non-neoplastic effects, it is expected that carcinogenic effects will not occur. (102845)
CIS 03-1531 Tetrabromobisphenol A. Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2003. xviii, 132p. 143 ref., ISBN 3-7776-1275-8 (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: there are no data concerning the effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TTBPA) in humans. TTBPA is very toxic to various aquatic organisms. In animals, TTBA is considered to be of low toxicity after inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. Data on in vivo genotoxicity, fertility and carcinogenicity are lacking. (102741)
CIS 03-1532 Methyl vinyl ketone. Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2003. xii, 153p. 97 ref., ISBN 3-7776-1291-X (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: methyl vinyl ketone has an unpleasant odour (threshold for perception: 0.2mL/m3). Irritation of the respiratory tract occurs at 1.7mL/m3. Methyl vinyl ketone can cause skin sensitization and is caustic to the skin. Target organs in animal studies are the central nervous system, the kidneys and the liver. (102742)
CIS 03-1533 2-tert-Butylphenol. Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2003. xii, 70p. 62 ref., ISBN 3-7776-1242-1 (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: 2-tert-butylphenol is harmful to health. Studies on repeated administration are unavailable. 2-tert-butylphenol is strongly irritating to caustic to the skin and eyes. The substance is non-sensitizing in animal tests. The odour threshold is 50µg/L air and the taste threshold 30µg/L water. (102743)
CIS 03-1534 Risk assessment of substances in the soil. Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2003. xiv, 207p. Illus. 98 ref., ISBN 3-7776-1241-3 (In English) Internet: This criteria document gives an extensive overview of the testing procedures needed to perform a risk assessment of hazardous substances present in the soil. Contents: general procedures according to EU and German legislation; exposure evaluation; determination of the effective concentration; test strategy for the risk assessment of substances in the soil. (102744)
CIS 03-1535 Toxicological profile for selenium (update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 418p. Illus. Approx. 1450 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of selenium is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes; pulmonary oedema; bronchitis; skin diseases; antifertility effects; neurological effects; cardiological effects. Update of CIS 97-216. (102745)
CIS 03-1536 Toxicological profile for sulfur mustard (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 217p. Illus. Approx. 650 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of sulfur mustard (mustard gas) is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of eyes and the respiratory tract; skin burns (blisters); cough; bronchitis; long-term respiratory diseases; antifertility effects; cancer (respiratory airways, lung, skin). (102746)
CIS 03-1537 Toxicological profile for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xx, 356p. Illus. Approx. 1275 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: strong irritation of the skin, eyes and lungs; lung diseases; chemical burns on the skin and eyes with possible necrosis; skeletal fluorosis; dental fluorosis. Update of CIS 96-2215. (102747)
CIS 03-1538 Toxicological profile for atrazine. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 222p. Illus. Approx. 560 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of atrazine is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: effects on the reproductive function (pre-term delivery); slightly increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among exposed farmers as well as suggestive evidence of weak associations between triazine/atrazine exposure and increased risk of prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. (102748)
CIS 03-1539 Toxicological profile for malathion. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xix, 284p. Illus. Approx. 615 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of malathion is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: effects on the nervous system (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase); cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, low blood pressure, atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances); ocular effects (irritation, blurred vision). (102749)
CIS 03-1540 Toxicological profile for pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2003. xx, 287p. Illus. Approx. 780 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of pyrethrins and pyrethroids is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, importation, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: neurological effects; allergic reactions; slight skin irritation. (102750)
Training materials and practical informationCIS 03-1541 When faced by accidents: Analyse and act. (French: Face aux accidents: analyser, agir) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Dec. 1999. 15p. Illus. Price: EUR 5.10., ISBN 2-7389-0796-2 (In French) Internet: This booklet presents in comic-strip form an example of the chain of events leading to an occupational accident. It is aimed at small-to medium-sized enterprises, with the objective of encouraging them not to consider occupational accidents as being unavoidable, but as occurrences that highlight deeper organizational problems. To address this issue, this document presents an approach consisting of four progressive levels of analysis: inventory of all accidents and incidents; list of known facts; search for corrective measures, including with the use of the causal tree method; definition of an occupational hygiene and safety action plan. (102757)
CIS 03-1542 An adventure in the country: See what threatens you!. (Polish: Przygoda na wsi: Zobacz co ci zagraża!) Strzelecka B., Zawadzka A., Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy Główny Inspektorat Pracy, ul. Krucza 38/42 Warszawa, Poland, [c2003]. 34 p. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: This booklet was published by the Polish National Labour Inspectorate as a comic book intended for children. It contains information about hazards inherent in work and play on farms, in particular from animals, machinery, tools, electricity and agricultural chemicals. (102530)
CIS 03-1543 How to prevent accidents on small construction sites. Walle R., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, [c2004]. 39p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Illustrated booklet showing examples of hazards on construction sites and the corresponding appropriate prevention measures. (102815)
CIS 03-1544 Women's health and safety: Hazards in the textile, garment and leather industry. (French: Hygiène et sécurité des femmes: risques dans l'industrie du textile, de l'habillement et du cuir; Spanish: Seguridad e higiene de la mujer: riesgos en la industria textil, confección y cuero) Associazione Ambiente e Lavoro, International Textile, Garment & Leather Workers' Federation (ITGLWF), 8 rue Joseph Stevens, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, [c2004]. 34p. Illus. Free copy. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: This manual, originally prepared by the Italian Working Environment Association, is aimed at the prevention of OSH problems among women in the garment and related industries. Contents: the textile sector; the garment sector; the leather goods and footwear sector; summary of major safety and health issues affecting women in these sectors; list of potentially harmful chemicals, with an indication of major risks associated with them. (102987)
CIS 03-1545 WISE - Work improvement in small enterprises: Package for trainers. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Mar. 2004. 236p. Illus., ISBN 92-2-115710-5 (In English) Internet: The WISE (work improvement in small enterprises) project was undertaken in the Philippines and completed in 1997. Since then, WISE training courses have been carried out in various Asian countries. This document is a manual aimed at trainers. It defines the eight training steps of the WISE programme and proposes training materials (check-lists, suggested transparency sheets, examples of low-cost improvements, potential questions and answers and an action plan form). (102696)
CIS 03-1546 Safety and health in the use of agrochemicals: A guide. (Russian: Bezopasnost' i gigiena truda pri ispol'zovanii agrohimikatov: rukovodstvo) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. 109p. Illus. 34 ref. (In Russian) Internet: Russian translation of a the training manual analysed under CIS 91-792. Contents: safety and health aspects (how dangerous substances enter the body, classification, labelling and identification, safe handling and use, disposal of waste, operational control and use of personal protective equipment); poisoning by agrochemicals, its management and emergency responses (types and symptoms of poisoning and injury, first-aid treatment, role of poison information centres, effects of temperature and fire emergencies); roles and responsibilities of manufacturers, government agencies, retailers, employers, workers and the public; education and training; case histories illustrating accidents resulting from improper use of agrochemicals in developing countries. (102692)
Periodicals, books, databases, audiovisualsCIS 03-1547 Users' perception on improving the quality of PPE. Nair P.M.C., Industrial Safety Chronicle, Apr.-June 2003, Vol.XXXIV, No.1, p.23-25. (In English) Internet: Although required under Indian legislation, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is not always well accepted in industry. A survey carried out among plant managers in order to identify the reasons why workers do not use the PPE found that the main reason cited was their lack of comfort. This article lists the criteria for the selection of PPE (suited to the task, comfortable, reliable, accepted by users, cheap) and analyses the typical problems facing users of various types of PPE (helmets, safety spectacles, face shields, earplugs, earmuffs, gloves, aprons, work clothing, rubber boots, safety shoes, safety belts, respirators). (102545)
CIS 03-1548 Indian standards and BIS certification for PPE. Industrial Safety Chronicle, Apr.-June 2003, Vol.XXXIV, No.1, p.51-60. (In English) Internet: This article presents a list of Indian standards (IS) applicable to personal protective equipment, classified by type of protection. These standards concern specifications of products or their constituents, their assembly, control methods and care, as well as guides for the selection of appropriate equipment. Information is also provided on the number of certifications delivered by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), and enterprises having received BIS certifications are listed. A list of ISO standards applicable to PPE is also presented, classified by type of protection. (102547)
CIS 03-1549 List of personal protective equipment manufacturers/suppliers. Industrial Safety Chronicle, Apr.-June 2003, Vol.XXXIV, No.1, p.73-76. (In English) Internet: List of Indian manufacturers and suppliers of personal protective equipment, with mention of the type of equipment offered (helmets, safety spectacles, earplugs and earmuffs, dust masks, chemical filter respirators, supplied air respirators, gloves, boots and shoes, aprons, safety belts, safety showers and eye fountains, safety nets, ladders, barrier creams, industrial hand cleaners, emergency spillage control kits). (102548)
CIS 03-1550 Sample size considerations for studies of intervention efficacy in the occupational setting. Lazovich D., Murray D.M., Brosseau L.M., Parker D.L., Milton F.T., Dugan S.K., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.219-227. 48 ref. (In English) Internet: A pilot study was conducted in five small woodworking businesses to estimate variance components between and within worksites and between and within workers. In each worksite, 8h time-weighted dust concentrations were obtained for each production employee on between two and five occasions. The mean wood dust concentration across woodworking businesses was 4.53mg/m3. The dominant factor in the sample size calculation was the number of worksites per condition, with the number of workers per worksite playing a lesser role. It was found that 30 worksites per condition and 10 workers per worksite would give 80% power to detect a reduction of about 30% in wood dust levels (with an error rate of 0.05). The results demonstrate the application of the group-randomized trials methodology to evaluate interventions to reduce occupational hazards. The methodology is widely applicable and not limited to the context of wood dust reduction. (102807)
CIS 03-1551 Accidents are not normal and human error does not exist: A new look at the creation of occupational safety. Dekker S.W.A., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2003, Vol.9, No.2, p.211-218. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: "Human error" is often cited as cause of occupational mishaps and industrial accidents. However, there is a new view in ergonomics, according to which human error is seen as an effect of more profound system imperfections. This article details some of the implications of the old and new views in ergonomics. Support for the new view is drawn from recent research into accidents as emergent phenomena without clear root causes, where deviance became a generally-accepted normal operations practice and where organizations reveal "messy interiors" whether or not they are predisposed to accidents. (102527)
CIS 03-1552 Recording and analysis of incidents. (Polish: Rejestrowanie i analiza wydarzeń wypadkowych bezurazowych) Dudka G., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, May 2003, No.5, p.26-28. Illus. 4 ref. (In Polish) Internet: The growing number of enterprises which implement health and safety management systems has contributed to an increased interest in the recording of incidents. This kind of recording system gathers data related to accident threats before they occur. The analysis of these records can help in the implementation of successful accident prevention programmes. (102571)
CIS 03-1553 OSCI: An organisational and safety climate inventory. Silva S., Lima M.L., Baptista C., Safety Science, Mar. 2004, Vol.42, No.3, p.205-220. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: A tool for assessing the relationship between safety climate and organizational climate, the Organisational and Safety Climate Inventory (OSCI), is presented. It consists of a questionnaire comprising 78 items, including the Organisational Climate Questionnaire and the Safety Climate Questionnaire. The psychometric properties of OSCI were validated in two studies. In the first study, six independent judges rated the validity of the scales with the Competing Values Model, showing that these items had good construct validity. A second study was developed to test OSCI's reliability and predictive validity with data collected in 15 industrial organizations, from a total of 930 workers. The results supported the instrument's reliability and predictive validity. (102821)
CIS 03-1554 Corporate cost of occupational accidents: An activity-based analysis. Rikhardsson P.M., Impgaard M., Accident Analysis and Prevention, Mar. 2004, Vol.36, No.2, p.173-182. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: The development and testing of a systematic accident cost analysis (SACA) method for use by occupational safety and health professionals are described. The method was tested on 27 selected occupational accidents in nine Danish enterprises located in three different sectors of industry. Calculations of the costs of these accidents using the SACA method showed that two thirds of these costs were visible in the corporate accounting systems, while one third were hidden from management view. The article includes an introduction on accident cost analysis, a presentation of the SACA method, a short overview of some of the results of the SACA project and conclusions. (102823)
CIS 03-1555 Creating safer workplaces: Assessing the determinants and role of safety climate. DeJoy D.M., Schaffer B.S., Wilson M.G., Vandenberg R.J., Butts M.M., Journal of Safety Research, 2004, Vol.35, No.1, p.81-90. 44 ref. (In English) Internet: Responses to questionnaires on safety climate were obtained from 2,208 employees of a large national US retail chain in 21 different locations. After controlling for demographic variables, three factors, namely environmental conditions, safety-related policies and programmes, and general organizational climate, were found to account for 55% of the variance in perceived safety climate. Organizational climate made a significant contribution to safety climate, even after controlling for the other more safety-relevant variables. These results are discussed in terms of other recent findings on safety climate and the growing interest in understanding management and organizational factors in the context of workplace safety. (102839)
CIS 03-1556 Safety signalling at the workplace. (German: Sicherheitskennzeichnung am Arbeitsplatz) Laudien M., G+S - Gesund und Sicher, Feb. 2003, No.2, p.40-45. Illus. (In German) Internet: One of the aspects of workplace safety is the appropriate signalling of hazards. This article presents the current situation with respect to safety signalling. Contents: shapes and colours of the various types of signalling (prohibition, warning, requirement, emergency exits, fire protection and indication); marking of dangerous areas (such as holes, pits) and obstacles; optical signals; sound signals; hand signals; verbal signals; maintenance of warning notices; labelling of dangerous substances; passageways and emergency exits; safety notices on cranes and lifting equipment; 14-point check-list for safety signalling. (102962)
CIS 03-1557 A simple and flexible risk assessment method in the work environment. Tint P., Kiivet G., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2003, Vol.9, No.2, p.219-228. Illus. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: The existing risk assessment models in the work environment based on the BS 8800:1996 standard require the determination of the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences of hazardous factors for the worker. However, determining the probabilities of the influence of hazards such as noise, vibration or chemicals is complicated. This article presents a simple two-step risk assessment method that does not require probabilities to be defined. The model can be extended to include additional steps. An example of the practical implementation of the method applied to the evaluation of the hazards in a large Estonian wood-working enterprise is presented. (102528)
CIS 03-1558 Partnership for sustainable healthy workplaces: Warner Lecture, British Occupational Hygiene Society, Sheffield, 9 April 2002. Ennals R., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2002, vol.46, No.4, p.423-428. 27 ref. (In English) Internet: This lecture was presented at the annual conference of the British Occupational Hygiene Society held in Sheffield, United Kingdom, 9 April 2002. The author outlines a fresh approach to healthy workplaces, laying foundations to meet the demands of the new millennium. Professionals such as occupational hygienists deal with issues at the heart of the economy and society, which are beginning to attract the attention of politicians. Old disciplinary barriers must be crossed and communication improved so that healthy work is accepted as a mainstream concern, integral to sustainable development. As a first step, one needs to develop an understanding of how conclusions from research lead to responsible decision making. It will not be possible to design and build perfectly safe environments, but real progress can be made in using available human, technical and financial resources. (102795)
CIS 03-1559 Physiotherapy student placements in industry: A way of learning about OHS. Boucaut R., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.159-166. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: Physiotherapists are important stakeholders in the field of injury management. As part of their training, final-year students from the University of South Australia spend time in industry placements undertaking occupational safety and health (OSH) projects which are focused on injury prevention. To ensure the ongoing availability of such placements, it is suggested that universities work closely with host organizations to meet their needs and to ensure that the benefits of having students outweigh the costs involved. This article presents a framework for host organizations to evaluate undergraduate physiotherapy student OSH placements. (102903)
CIS 03-1560 Occupational accidents and diseases in 2002. (Polish: Wypadki przy pracy i choroby zawodowe w 2002 roku) Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.16-17. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents statistics of occupational accidents and diseases in Poland for the year 2002. Data analysis reveals that occupational accidents were mainly due to inappropriate behaviour on the part of workers and inadequate work organization. Bar charts show the historical trends for all accidents, fatal accidents and severe accidents. Occupational diseases were found to result mainly from long-term exposure to harmful factors. (102575)
CIS 03-1561 Occupational accidents and diseases. (French: Accidents du travail et maladies professionnelles) Brett Y.B., Face au risque, Jan. 2004, No.399, p.13-16. Illus. (In French) Internet: Contents of this concise overview of the 2001 statistics of occupational accidents and diseases in France: major causes of fatalities (accidents involving vehicles and asbestos); trend in occupational accidents in France from 1999 to 2001, including that of accidents involving absenteeism; breakdown of occupational accidents in France in 2001 by causal factor and location of injury; the 10 most frequent causes of occupational accidents involving absenteeism and of fatal accidents in France in 2001. (102764)
CIS 03-1562 Occupational accidents and diseases in Europe. (French: Statistiques accidents et maladies en Europe) Brett Y.B., Face au risque, Jan. 2004, No.399, p.18-19. Illus. (In French) Internet: Contents of this concise review on occupational accident and disease statistics in Europe: breakdown of occupational accident cases in Europe in 2000 by sector; most frequent occupational diseases; three-year (1998-2000) trends in fatal accidents by sector; location of injury of occupational accidents in Europe. (102765)
CIS 03-1563 Current labor statistics. Monthly Labor Review, Jan. 2004, Vol.127, No.1, p.55-122. (In English) Internet: This article presents labour statistics for the United States. Contents: comparative indicators; labour force data; labour compensation and collective bargaining data; price data; productivity data; international comparisons; injury and illness data. Incidence rates of occupational injuries and illnesses are provided for the years 1989 to 2001 for the following sectors: agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining; construction; manufacturing; transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate. Incidence rates for manufacturing are provided for a number of industries in both durable and non-durable goods. Finally, a table presents statistics of fatal occupational injuries from 1997 to 2002, by event or exposure. (102780)
CIS 03-1564 The effect of community law on occupational safety and health in Spain. (Spanish: Las señas del derecho comunitario en la prevención española) Hernández-Pinzón García A., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2003, No.28, p.25-40. Illus. 16 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: European Union Member States are required to transpose European legislation into national law. In the area of regulations on the prevention of occupational hazards, this transposition can be either word-by-word or it can involve the addition of certain elements that are specific to the country aimed at ensuring better protection while retaining the broad framework. This article examines the various aspects of European occupational safety and health legislation that have been transposed exactly into Spanish legislation, and it also highlights the main differences between European and Spanish legislation with respect to rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. (102560)
CIS 03-1565 International sources of information on occupational safety and health - The library of the International Labour Organization. (Polish: Międzynarodowe źródła informacji o bezpieczeństwie pracy - Biblioteka Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy) Szczepanowska B., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.10-12. Illus. 7 ref. (In Polish) Internet: Occupational safety and health practitioners and researchers use many international and national sources of information. One such source is the library of International Labour Organization in Geneva, which specializes in collecting and circulating publications on a broad range of labour issues, including OSH. This article describes the activities of this library and the topics of its collections, together with its information services, databases and website. (102561)
CIS 03-1566 Cost-benefit analysis: Economic incentives for the prevention of occupational hazards. (Spanish: Análisis coste-beneficio: medidas económicas en la prevención de riesgos laborales) Cabetas Hernández I., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.191, p.9-14. 14 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The European Union is currently attempting to promote cost-benefit analyses as economic incentive instruments for the implementation of occupational safety and health programmes. This article comments on the present situation of research carried out on this topic in Europe and in the United States, together with the results obtained. (102728)
CIS 03-1567 Snapshot of hazardous sectors and occupations. (French: Portrait des secteurs et des professions à risque) Thibeault M., Prévention au travail, Autumn 2003, Vol.16, No.4, p.17-23. Illus. 2 ref. (In French) Internet: This overview of hazardous sectors and occupations uses official Canadian statistics concerning the Province of Quebec to comment on the following topics: clear trends towards a decline in the number of occupational accidents and diseases since the 1980s; sex-linked differences; lowering of risks with increasing age; situation of independent workers; rise in musculoskeletal diseases; risks associated with work in the tertiary sector; research activities of the Quebec occupational safety and health institute (IRSST). Tables show the frequency rates of occupational accidents and diseases for the occupations where the hazards are greatest. (102761)
CIS 03-1568 Development of an effective industrial culture. Mutubuki W.P., On Guard, Dec. 2003, Vol.8, No.4, p.3-4, 6, 9-11. Illus. (In English) Internet: This article discusses some of the issues and difficulties of implementing an industrial culture in developing countries, with examples drawn from Zimbabwe, a country rich in natural resources but poor in industrial infrastructure. (102830)
CIS 03-1569 The Worker Safety Advisors (WSA) pilot. Shaw N., Turner R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. xx, 200p. Illus. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-2728-4 (In English) Internet: Workplaces with safety representatives and safety committees have significantly better accident records than those with no consultation mechanism, recording up to 50% fewer injuries. However, the majority of the workforce are not members of a trade union or employed in workplaces where unions are recognized. In this context, it is important to consider the most appropriate way in which effective representation can be developed in small firms and those workplaces with no union recognition agreements. One possible option to achieve this is through the work of independent, roving health and safety advisors, or Workers Safety Advisers (WSA). The purpose of this WSA pilot was to evaluate the effectiveness of a voluntary workers' safety advisors scheme by setting up and running pilots in a variety of employment sectors, including automotive engineering, construction, hospitality, voluntary work and retail. (102781)
CIS 03-1570 Good practice and pitfalls in risk assessment. Gadd S., Keeley D., Balmforth H., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 54p. Illus. 42 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2732-2 (In English) Internet: This report presents the findings of a study conducted by the Health and Safety Laboratory to identify and highlight the common pitfalls in industry risk assessment methodologies and their application, and to briefly summarize how different Health and Safety Executive (HSE) divisions evaluate risk assessments. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify possible published critiques of both general and specific risk assessments methodologies, or references that include descriptions of risk assessment pitfalls. The report presents examples of good practice in relation to risk assessment, and contrasts these with pitfalls encountered by HSE, illustrated by 26 case studies. (102783)
CIS 03-1571 Safe work and safety culture. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2004. iv, 27p. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: The ILO World Day for Safety and Health at Work is held on 28 April of each year. Its purpose is to raise widespread awareness of the importance of occupational safety and health and to promote the rights of workers to a safe and healthy working environment. This ILO report for the World Day for Safety and Health at Work focuses on the three following themes: hazardous chemicals (major accidents, ILO instruments for chemical safety, future perspectives, including the globally harmonized system for the classification and labelling of chemicals); workplace violence, including the ILO codes of practice; occupational respiratory diseases, including related ILO initiatives. (102816)
CIS 03-1572 Integration of use conditions in the design of production systems for the prevention of occupational hazards - Findings on the topic 1998-2002. (French: Intégration des conditions d'usage dans la conception des systèmes de travail pour la prévention des risques professionnels - Bilan de la thématique 1998-2002) Fadier E., Neboit M., Ciccotelli J., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Sep. 2003. 40p. Illus. 79 ref. (In French) Internet: The analysis of most incidents and accidents shows that they occur under conditions that were not taken into account during equipment design but that are nonetheless necessary to ensure efficient production. This document presents the findings of a project conducted between 1998 and 2002, aimed at better taking into account the production requirements of manufacturing equipment during the design phase in order to improve occupational safety and health. A first objective, scientific in nature, consisted in developing a theoretical framework and methodological rules for allowing the better integration of the conditions of use of manufacturing equipment during their deign phase. The second objective was industrial, and consisted of creating tools and methodologies for application by designers. (102858)
CIS 03-1573 Success through occupational safety and health. (German: Erfolg durch Arbeitsschutz) Packebusch L., Herzog B., Laumen S., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 136p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: EUR 13.50., ISBN 3-86509-014-1 (In German) Internet: This report addresses the issue of the effects of industrial safety and health measures on business success. It is hypothesized that there exists a positive effect of industrial health and safety on business success. To test this hypothesis, the applications for the Prize for the Promotion of Health in the Craft Trades in 1994, 1996 and 1998 were analysed and a sample of the businesses were questioned. In addition, the survival in business of the applicants was verified and compared with statistics from the craft trades in general. The investigation enabled the aspects influenced by industrial safety measures to be identified. Factors such as the use of consultants, initiatives and grounds for industrial safety measures and their influence were also investigated. It was found that during the period 1994 to 2001, businesses that applied for the Health Promotion Prize remained in business longer than craft businesses in general in Germany. (102960)
CIS 03-1574 Cultural influences on health and safety attitudes and behaviour in small businesses. Vickers I., Baldock R., Smallbone D., James P., Ekanem I., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. xviii, 147p. Illus. 79 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-2742-X (In English) Internet: This report details the findings of a study whose objective was to identify the role of cultural influences on health and safety attitudes and behaviour in small and micro-enterprises, together with related issues concerning channels of communication and the role of the Health and Safety Executive. The main cultural influence on health and safety attitudes and behaviour in small businesses was found to be the organizational culture that typifies many such enterprises, reflecting less formal approaches to management, the preference of owner/managers for autonomy and the closeness of employer/employee relations in small businesses. (102782)
CIS 03-1575 Health and safety statistics highlights 2001/02. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. 32p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report summarizes the latest statistics on workplace fatalities, injuries, and work-related ill-health in Great Britain. It also includes summary information on dangerous occurrences, gas safety and enforcement action by the Health and Safety Executive and local authorities. The key new statistics in this edition are the 2001/02 figures on non-fatal injuries notified by employers and others under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR, see CIS 95-1930), supplemented by injury statistics from the labour force survey. Comparable statistics of non-fatal injuries are only available from 1996/97 on the introduction of the revised RIDDOR 95. (102542)
CIS 03-1576 Statistics of fatal injuries 2001/02. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. 20p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report summarizes the statistics of fatal injuries to workers in 2001/02 in Great Britain during 2001/2002, as well as the trends for 1992/93 to 2001/02. Results are presented by type of accident, industrial sector and employment status. (102543)
CIS 03-1577 Social security statistical yearbook 2002 and Historical supplement. (Portuguese: Anuário estatístico da previdência social 2002 + Suplemento histórico) Ministério da Previdência Social, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco F, CEP 70059-900, Brasília, Brazil, 2002. 868p. Illus. Index (yearbook); 154p. (supplement). (In Portuguese) Internet: Compilation of social security statistics for the years 2000-2002, together with a historical supplement for the years 1980-2002. Among the contents of these documents: data on the cost of the Brazilian social security system (old-age pension and invalidity benefits, social benefits) by age group, sex, State, sector of activity and reason for the benefits; financial flows, collections and disbursements; staffing and infrastructure costs. Data on audits, contributions by enterprises as well as on economic indicators and demographics are also presented. (102553)
CIS 03-1578 Present status of Japanese industrial safety and health - 2003 edition. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2003. 38p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report presents Japanese statistics of occupational accidents and illnesses for the year 2002. Contents: trends in occupational accidents; breakdown of occupational accidents (by sector, company size, type of accident, cause of accident, age of victim); serious accidents (involving several victims); occupational diseases (trends, breakdown, medical examinations). Overall, there is a trend toward a reduction in the frequency and severity of accidents and occupational diseases. (102606)
CIS 03-1579 Fatal workplace injuries in 2000: A collection of data and analysis. Janicak C.A., Weber W., Cox C.A., Valent F., McGwin G., Bovenzi M., Barbone F., Fabrega V., Starkey S., U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Postal Square Building, Rm 2850, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001, USA, 2002. vi, 209p. lllus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Statistics of fatal occupational injuries in the United States for the year 2000, preceded by four research articles on the subject. Contents: racial differences in occupational firearm homicides; work-related injuries in 1998; fatal work-related inhalation of harmful substances in the United States; fatal occupational injuries among Hispanic construction workers in Texas; national statistics of fatal occupational injuries; data by State, region and industry sector; census of occupational injury fatality rates; profiles of fatal work injuries and hazards. (102609)
CIS 03-1580 Occupational injuries and illnesses: Counts, rates, and characteristics, 1999. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Postal Square Building, Rm 2850, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001, USA, 2002. v, 487p., ISBN 0-16-051223-9 (In English) Internet: This bulletin of United States occupational injury and illness statistics consists of five sections: summary of the 1999 survey results; reference tables on the number and incidence rates for all types of reported nonfatal injuries and illnesses in several hundred sectors; demographic information on the sex, age and occupation of workers who sustained injuries and illnesses having resulted in days away from work; reference tables for injury or illness absenteeism; reference tables on the median days away from work by industry, worker characteristics, disabling condition, source, event or exposure. (102610)
CIS 03-1581 Health and safety statistics highlights 2002/03. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. 38p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report summarizes the latest statistics on workplace fatalities, injuries, and work-related ill-health in the United Kingdom. It also includes summary information on dangerous occurrences, gas safety, and enforcement action by the Health and Safety Executive and local authorities. The key new statistics in this edition are the 2002/03 figures on non-fatal injuries notified by employers and others under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (see CIS 95-1930), supplemented by injury statistics from the labour force survey. Comparable statistics of non-fatal injuries are only available from 1996/97 on the introduction of the revised RIDDOR 95. (102719)
CIS 03-1582 Work and health in the EU - A statistical portrait - Data 1994-2002. Karjalainen A., ed., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2004. 129p. Illus. Price: EUR 30.00. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-894-7006-2 (In English) Internet: This report is a statistical portrait of occupational safety and health in the European Union. It consists of an analysis of the various statistical data available at the EU level. It describes the general picture of working life including the characteristics of the European labour force and the overall importance of ill-health due to work-related factors. Specific chapters present statistical data on risk factors and outcomes of safety at work, work-related diseases and psychosocial problems linked to health and safety at work. The distribution of risk factors and the frequency of accidents at work, work-related diseases and work-related problems of psychosocial nature are presented by age, gender, sector of economic activity, occupation and other relevant variables. The publication is based on statistical data collected by Eurostat over the period 1994-2002. Eurostat's data are complemented with data from other sources, especially by data from the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. The data mainly cover the 15 Member States of the EU, but some preliminary data are available for trends in the incidence of accidents at work in the acceding and candidate countries. (102817)
CIS 03-1583 HELA National picture 2003 - Health and safety in local authority enforced sectors. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. 38p. lllus. (In English) Internet: Statistics on health and safety in local authority enforced sectors in the United Kingdom for 2002/03. Contents: latest statistics of workplace injuries reported to local authorities, including 2002/03 provisional figures; latest available data on work-related ill health; figures supporting the revitalizing health and safety strategy in the local authority enforced sector; detailed breakdowns for each of the main local authority enforced sectors; key figures for England, Scotland and Wales; data on inspections and enforcement activity; comparisons between risk of injury and inspection activity. (102850)
CIS 03-1584 Yearbook of Labour Statistics 2003 - Chapter 8: Occupational injuries. (French: Annuaire des statistiques du travail 2003 - Chapitre 8: Lésions professionnelles; Spanish: Anuario de estadísticas del trabajo 2003 - Capítulo 8: Lesiones profesionales) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 62nd ed., 2003. p.1293-1615 (whole book: xvi, 1769p.)., ISBN 92-2-014912-5 (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: Statistical tables covering ILO member countries and aggregate data for the period of 1993-2002. Contents include: total number of persons injured (fatally or having lost workdays) and number of workdays lost; rates of fatal injuries, further broken down by 10 divisions of economic activity (agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, water; construction; trade, restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, communication; finance, insurance; community, social and personal services; other activities); total number of days lost by economic activity. (102980)
CIS 03-1585 Occupational health and safety in France - Organization and practical implementation. (French: Prévention des risques professionnels en France - Structures et fonctionnement) Pietruszynski M., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Dec. 1997. 12p. 1 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0040-2 (fr), ISBN 2-7389-0345-2 (En) (In English, French) Internet: Following a brief description of the historical development and the guiding principles of the French occupational safety and health legislation, this document presents the organizational framework and the way it operates. According to the French concept of occupational risk prevention, the manager has sole responsibility for employee safety. However, the legislator has placed responsibility for prevention at a number of different, though complementary levels, including state authorities, social security organizations, joint trade organizations and, within individual firms, special bodies responsible for assisting management and involving employees in risk prevention policies. (102860)
CIS 03-1586 A review and analysis of a selection of OSH monitoring systems. Smulders P., European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2003. 61p. Illus. 24 ref., ISBN 92-9191-046-5 (In English) Internet: A pilot study carried out by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in 1998-2000 on the state of occupational safety and health in the European Union took a first step towards the development of a system for monitoring occupational safety and health (OSH) within the Union. As a follow-up to this work, the Agency commissioned this study aimed at assessing current OSH monitoring systems in the Member States. The project explored the feasibility of a common European approach in monitoring OSH and formed the basis for workshop discussions on the feasibility of a possible future monitoring system at European level. (102539)
CIS 03-1587 Annual report 2000 - Occupational Safety Department and OSH Training and Promotion Centre. Ministry of Manpower, Occupational Safety Department, 18 Havelock Road, Singapore 059764, Republic of Singapore, 2000. 37p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report describes the new organization and functions of the Singapore Occupational Safety Department and OSH Training and Promotion Centre following the merger of the Industrial Safety and Industrial Health Departments and presents an overview of industrial safety for 2000. Activities of the Department include enforcement and regulatory activities, monitoring programmes, OSH training and promotion programmes, participation in three advisory committees and special projects and studies. Statistics of industrial accidents in 2000 are presented by degree of incapacity, frequency and severity rate, type of accident and body part injured. 3519 accidents were reported in 2000; 74 cases were fatal and 111 resulted in permanent disability. Appendices include statistics on industrial accidents for the 1991-2000 period, lists of staff, committee members and projects and studies, and a list of papers and talks presented by the staff. (102550)
CIS 03-1588 Report of the national 1999 conference on workplace safety and health training - Putting the pieces together and planning the challenges ahead. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Feb. 2004. xiii, 76p. 107 ref. (In English) Internet: This report summarizes the deliberations during a conference on occupational safety and health training held in St. Louis (MO, USA) in 1999 for members of the OSH community. The conference addressed emerging issues in training especially in light of challenges posed by a global economy, advances in telecommunications, changes in workplace conditions and organizational practices, and changes in workforce demographics. Topics covered: needs and challenges; policy, regulations and standards; current perspectives and practices; developing OSH training interventions; evaluation of training and need for future research. (102598)
CIS 03-1589 Report of activities 2003. (Portuguese: Relatório das actividades de 2003) Ministério da Administração Pública, Emprego e Segurança Social, Inspecção Geral do Trabalho, Rua da Missão 123, 4° andar, Edifício TAAG, Luanda, Angola, 2004. 23p. (In Portuguese) Internet: This report presents the activities of the General Labour Inspectorate of Angola in 2003. The results of inspections and interventions are compared with those of 2002. (102611)
CIS 03-1590 Social security reform in Colombia. (Spanish: La reforma a la seguridad social en Colombia) Rodríguez Mesa R., Rodríguez Quito Editores, Calle 20 # 1-82, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 2003. 355p. 43 ref., ISBN 958-9166-48-2 (In Spanish) Internet: This publication presents the historical development of social security in Colombia, together with a critical analysis of the new aspects of its reform as introduced in Law 776 of 2002 and Law 797 of 2003, compared to earlier legislation. The consequences of these recent changes on the general retirement conditions and the compensation of occupational accidents and diseases are discussed. A chapter is devoted to the system of social care for destitute elderly persons. The texts of the two laws (Law 776 of 2002 and Law 797 of 2003) and included in the appendix. (102620)
CIS 03-1591 Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems - ILO-OSH 2001. (Chinese: Zhiye anquan jiankang guanli tixi daoze) Internet copy, 2002. 36p. Illus. 37 ref. (In Chinese) Internet: Chinese translation of the guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems. These ILO guidelines call for coherent policies to protect workers from occupational hazards. They present practical approaches and tools for assisting organizations, competent national institutions, employers, workers and other partners in establishing, implementing and improving occupational safety and health management systems, with the aim of reducing work-related injuries, ill health, diseases, incidents and deaths. At the national level, the guidelines provide for the establishment of a national framework for occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems, preferably supported by national laws and regulations. They also provide precise information on developing voluntary arrangements to strengthen compliance with regulations and standards, which, in turn, lead to continual improvement of OSH performance. At the organizational level, the guidelines encourage the integration of OSH management system elements as an important component of overall policy and management arrangements. (102691)
CIS 03-1592 Costs of compliance with health and safety regulations in SME's. Lancaster R., Ward R., Talbot P., Brazier A., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 238p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 0-7176-2782-9 (In English) Internet: This report presents the findings of a study carried out to assess whether the costs of compliance with health and safety regulations are disproportionately high for small enterprises, as well as the nature of safety and health-related expenditure and how effective it is in improving safety and health performance. The study involved postal questionnaires, followed by vists of 30 enterprises. It was indeed found that that the costs of compliance were disproportionately high for small enterprises, although the threshold at which these costs became disproportionate varied across the different items of legislation. (102715)
CIS 03-1593 Working conditions surveys - A comparative analysis. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughingstown, Dublin 18, Ireland, 2003. 91p. (available only in electronic format). (In English) Internet: The general objective of this report is to awaken the interest of the research community in surveys of working conditions, and to illustrate how a variety of working conditions surveys are conducted in different European and other industrialized countries. In this case, priority has been given to a descriptive analysis of the surveys, and a value judgement has not been made on whether these procedures, tools or content are more or less suitable. The main interests lay in the frequency with which certain aspects or characteristics are repeated in the surveys analysed and in identifying the different strategies used to solve problems which are common to the different studies. (102739)
CIS 03-1594 The state of occupational safety and health (OSH) in the EFTA countries. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2001. 154p. Price: EUR 23.50. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-95007-19-0 (In English) Internet: The EFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) decided to carry out a similar project to that undertaken by the EU Member States to collect information on the state of occupational safety and health (see CIS 03-1596). This report presents the findings of this project, which supplements the European Agency report. Contents: objectives, scope and methodology; major findings; working environment; occupational safety and health outcomes; changes in the working life; preventive capacity of the occupational safety and health system for each EFTA country. (102818)
CIS 03-1595 Data to describe the link between OSH and employability. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2002. 108p. Illus. Price of print edition: EUR 17.50., ISBN 92-95007-66-2 (In English) Internet: The purpose of this project was to analyse existing data in the European Union that could assist in illustrating the link between occupational safety and health and employability. The models used for the analysis, the definitions and key questions raised were discussed at a workshop held in Bilbao, Spain, in June 2000 during which it was recognized that available data on the issue remain limited. Nevertheless, this report provides a better understanding of possible links and a good overview of the data situation. Further efforts are required at the conceptual level and for the development of adequate indicators to illustrate these links. (102819)
CIS 03-1596 The state of occupational safety and health in the European Union - Pilot Study. (French: L'état de la santé et de la sécurité au travail dans l'Union européenne - étude pilote; Spanish: El Estado de la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo en la Unión Europea - Estudio piloto) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2000. 478p. (Summary report: 64p.) Illus. Bibl. ref. Price: EUR 30.00 (for the Pilot Study). Downloadable versions free of charge., ISBN 92-828-9272-7 (Summary - En), ISBN 92-950-0703-4 (resumen - es), ISBN 92-95007-00-X (Pilot study), ISBN 92-95007-07-7 (synthèse - fr) (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: Major overview of the current OSH situation within the 15 countries of the European Union (in 2000), based on reports submitted by the Member States themselves. Contents: data sources and methodology; major findings (for exposure indicators, OSH outcomes, needs for additional preventive measures, overall picture for individual risk categories, chemical and biological risks, emerging risks); the working environment (subdivided by individual risk categories, whether physical, ergonomic, chemical or biological - in addition, special attention is paid to: high-speed work, workpace dictated by social demand, machine-dictated workpace, physical violence, sexual harrassment, monotonous work, personal protective equipment, information and training); OSH outcomes (with special attention paid to: fatal accidents at work, work-induced musculoskeletal disorders, stress, occupational diseases); changes in working life (with special attention paid to: emerging risks, telework, employment status). Extensive appendices with detailed data. A similar study was undertaken to cover the 4 EFTA countries (see CIS 03-1594). The Summary Report of this document exists in all 11 languages of the European Union before its 2004 enlargement, and they can all be downloaded from the Internet. (102820)
CIS 03-1597 Safety posters, a tool for use in the promotion of occupational safety and health. (French: L'affiche de sécurité, un outil au service de la prévention) Davillerd C., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Mar. 2003. 24p. Illus. 32 ref. Price: EUR 2.50. (In French) Internet: The objective of this study was to address the issue of the role of safety posters in the promotion of occupational safety and health. Following some general comments on images and posters, the main stages in the life cycle of posters are discussed, including initial concept, design, evaluation, distribution, use, impact and new expectations. Findings drawn from literature or from interviews with users are competed with observations and analyses. Various types of evaluation tools applicable to safety posters are also mentioned. (102856)
CIS 03-1598 The extent of use of health and safety requirements as a false excuse for not employing sick or disabled persons. Hurstsfield J., Allen B., Ballard J., Davies J., McGeer P., Miller L., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. vi, 208p. Illus. 62 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2775-6 (In English) Internet: This project was undertaken to establish the nature and extent of the problem of occupational safety and health (OSH) requirements being used as a "false excuse" for not employing or continuing to employ disabled persons or persons with an ill-health condition. It involved reviews of literature and case law, together with telephone interviews and questionnaire surveys of employers at small and large enterprises, OSH practitioners and safety representatives. Sixteen interviews were also conducted with disabled persons who felt that their employment had been affected by OSH considerations of employers or prospective employers. The study concludes that while there is evidence of employers invoking OSH considerations for not recruiting disabled persons, it was not possible to determine whether the individual decisions were justified. (102942)
CIS 03-1599 We care for your safety. Allgemeine Unfallvesricherungsanstalt, Adalbert-Stifter-Straße 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 2002. 24p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This booklet provides an overview of the role and activities of the Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA), responsible for the prevention, registration and compensation of occupational injuries and diseases in Austria, as well as for the rehabilitation of their victims. The safety of school children and students is also the responsibility of AUVA. (102974)
CIS 03-1600 Tolley's health and safety at work handbook 2002. Butterworths Tolley, 2 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, Surrey CR9 5AF, United Kingdom, 14th ed., 2001. xxiii, approx. 1400p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-75451-260-6 (In English) Internet: This handbook consists of a reference manual to occupational safety and health law and practice. The present fourteenth edition has been revised and updated to include new accident reporting procedures under the Reporting of Injuries and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR, see CIS 95-1930) and OSH aspects of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2000, Notification of New Substances Regulations 2001 and Biocidal Products Regulations 2001. New chapters are included on safe working systems, risk assessment; food safety and standards, and gas safety. Replaces CIS 83-1200. (102976)
CIS 03-1601 Labour inspection - Purposes and practice. (French: L'inspection du travail - sa mission - ses méthodes) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1973. x, 234p. Price: CHF 20.00., ISBN 92-2-100963-7 (En), ISBN 92-2-200963-0 (fr) (In English, French) Internet: Changes in the integration of social and economic planning, the widening scope of labour legislation and the increasing amount of inspection carried out by the trade unions have resulted in a shift of emphasis in the purposes and practice of labour inspection services. This book first describes and analyses the aims and organization of a modern labour inspection system and then gives practical hints on the way labour inspectors should proceed in their day-to-day work. It is aimed both at persons concerned with the organization of a labour inspection system and to members of the labour inspection service. (102977)
CIS 03-1602 General guidebook on industrial safety 2003. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2003. 113p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Contents of the 2003 edition of the guidebook on industrial safety published by the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association: presentation of the objectives of the Japanese National Safety Week 2003 entitled "Find hidden dangers and improve safety management"; current state of occupational accidents; basic measures for the prevention of occupational accidents; brief case descriptions of 22 occupational accidents; good safety practices; main notifications issued by Japanese labour inspection services. Appendices include occupational accident statistics, together with various occupational safety guidelines and standards. (102607)
CIS 03-1603 Safety signs and signals. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. iv, 44p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-0870-0 (In English) Internet: This guidance to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 (CIS 96-392) updates an earlier version (CIS 96-1309). Contents: safety signs in general and the application of the Regulations; advice on the selection and effective use of safety signs, including technical requirements for shape, colour, etc. (signboards, signs on containers and pipes, signs to mark areas, enclosures, obstacles and dangerous locations, acoustic signals and illuminated signs, hand and verbal signals); fire safety signs; relevant regulations and standards. (102848)
CIS 03-1604 Evaluation of occupational hazards - Questions and answers on the single document. (French: Evaluation des risques professionnels - Questions-réponses sur le document unique) Andéol B., Guillemy N, Leroy A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, June 2003. 16p., ISBN 2-7389-1096-3 (In French) Internet: New regulatory provisions introduced into French legislation require that the evaluation of hazards within the enterprise be recorded in a specific document (see CIS 01-1278). The objective of this booklet is to provide some answers to the most frequently-asked questions concerning this requirement. Contents: format of the document; practical details concerning the preparation of the document; contents; follow-up and updating; documents that contain useful information for hazard evaluation. (102853)
CIS 03-1605 Indicators for evaluating the intangibles of occupational safety and health. (Spanish: Indicadores para la valoración de intangibles en prevención) Pujol Senovilla L., Maroto Gómez V., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 8 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note presents a simplified approach for evaluating the intangible assets of an enterprise that result from the improvement of working conditions and the implementation of preventive measures, based on the analysis of various indicators. Contents: advantages of hazard prevention at the enterprise; values of tangible and intangible assets; cost-benefit analysis of the prevention and methods of evaluating intangible assets (benchmarking, EFQM, SPRL); definition of indicators that may be used as a basis for the analysis. (102690)
CIS 03-1606 The occupational hygiene, safety and working conditions committee. (French: Le comité d'hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail) Soudry C., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Dec. 2002. 48p. Illus. Index. Price: EUR 9.40., ISBN 2-7389-1106-4 (In French) Internet: This guide is primarily aimed at providing members of occupational hygiene, safety and working conditions committees (OHSWC) with the knowledge necessary to carry out their task. Contents: objectives of OHSWCs; enterprises where OHSWCs are mandatory; how to set un an OHSWC; how OHSWCs work; resources available to OHSWCs. In appendix: excerpts of the French Labour Code. (102753)
CIS 03-1607 Evaluation of occupational hazards - Guide for SMEs. (French: Evaluation des risques professionnels - Guide pour les PME-PMI) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., June 2003. 29p. Illus. Price: EUR 5.10., ISBN 2-7389-0801-2 (In French) Internet: The evaluation and prevention of occupational hazards are among the responsibilities of all enterprise managers. This guide provides a simple way of helping responsible persons to organize the approach to occupational safety and health within the enterprise. The approach consists of three steps: identify hazardous situations; prioritize the hazards to be addressed; implement the prevention measures. Specific sheets are presented for the following hazards: falls on the level; falls from heights; manual handling; mechanical handling; in-plant traffic; collapse and fall of objects; machinery and tools; noise; dangerous substances, emissions and waste; fire and explosion; electricity; lighting; work at screens; indoor climate; lack of hygiene; work by external contractors; road hazards; other hazards. (102756)
CIS 03-1608 How to evaluate safety and health changes in the workplace - Does it really work?. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Apr. 2004. v, 27p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This guide is aimed at managers interested in ensuring safety and health of workers. It invites them to look carefully at the effectiveness of the changes they have made to improve safety and health at the workplace. The guide is divided into three sections: presentation of four case studies that illustrate the collaborative effort of employers and workers for evaluating occupational safety and health changes in the workplace; four simple steps outlining how to conduct an evaluation of safety and health changes in the workplace; a list of additional resources for making these evaluations. (102801)
CIS 03-1609 Evaluation of occupational hazards - Principles and practices recommended by CNAMTS, CRAM, CGSS and INRS. (French: Evaluation des risques professionnels - Principes et pratiques recommandés par la CNAMTS, les CRAM, le CGSS et l'INRS) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Nov. 2002. 8p., ISBN 2-7389-1093-9 (In French) Internet: The evaluation of occupational hazards is a key step in occupational safety and health. Published jointly by the occupational safety and health divisions of several French social security agencies, this booklet presents accepted principles and the approach aimed at assisting enterprises in carrying out these evaluations. Contents: definition of occupational hazards; the five principles to be followed; main steps (preparation of the hazard evaluation, hazard identification, hazard classification according to probability criteria, proposed preventive actions). (102851)
CIS 03-1610 Occupational hazard control policy - Key principles and good occupational safety and health practices. (French: Politique de maîtrise des risques professionnels - Valeurs essentielles et bonnes pratiques de prévention) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1st ed., Feb. 2003. 12p., ISBN 2-7389-1109-9 (In French) Internet: Defining and implementing a hazard control policy requires above all following certain principles and applying good occupational safety and health practices. Contents of this guide aimed at persons involved in implementing occupational safety and health policies: three key principles (the individual, transparency, social dialogue); eight good practices in occupational safety and health. (102852)
CIS 03-1611 European conference on "Safe products through market surveillance". (German: Europäische Konferenz "Sichere Produkte durch Marktüberwachung") Fachvereinigung Arbeitssicherheit e.V. (FASI), Germany, 2002. CD-ROM. (In English, German) Internet: The free movement of industrial and consumer products is a cornerstone of a European single market without national borders. With the introduction of the "New Approach", EU Member States have assumed responsibility for the operation of the internal market and for protecting consumers from dangerous products through market surveillance. This CD-ROM contains the proceedings of a European conference on market surveillance for product safety, which was held in Berlin, Germany, 16-18 October 2002. Main topics covered: internal market directives and market surveillance in Europe; market surveillance in France, Germany, Austria and Hungary; market surveillance from the retail perspective; certification; better consumer protection through improved safety; imports form third countries; cooperation; standardization; legal issues in the field of market surveillance; Berlin declaration on market surveillance. (102643)
CIS 03-1612 Annual statistical compilation of data on occupational accidents 2002. (Portuguese: Anuário estatístico de acidentes do trabalho 2002) Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Brasília, Brazil, 2002. CD-ROM (needs Windows 95/98 and Microsoft Excel 97 or higher). (In Portuguese) Internet: Compilation of statistics of reported occupational accidents and diseases in Brazil for the year 2000 on CD-ROM. For occupational accidents, commuting accidents and occupational diseases, data are expressed by region and State, by sector of activity and by age group. Statistics of accidents for which compensation was awarded between 2000 and 2002 are also presented, together with indicators of occupational accidents for the years 1997-1999 by sector of activity. (102552)
CIS 03-1613 Lung cancer and dust exposure: Results of a prospective cohort study following 3260 workers for 50 years. Moshammer H., Neuberger M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2004, Vol.61, No.2, p.157-162. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: To study the health effects of occupational dust exposure on life expectancy and specific causes of death, male workers residing in Vienna, Austria, were selected at age ≥40 (mean 54) years during preventive check-ups between 1950 and 1960, and were followed until death. Half (1630) were exposed at work to (non-fibrous) particulates. The non-exposed workers were matched for year, age and smoking status at the start of observation. Average life expectancy of those exposed was 1.6 years less than that of those non-exposed. Only a small part of this decrease in life expectancy was related to acknowledged occupational diseases such as silicosis and silico-tuberculosis. Chronic obstructive lung disease and cancer of the lung and stomach were found more frequently among those exposed. (102773)
CIS 03-1614 Significance of genetic information in risk assessment and individual classification using silicosis as a case model. McCanlies E., Landsittel D.P., Yucesoy B., Vallyathan V., Luster M.L., Sharp D.S., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2002, vol.46, No.4, p.375-381. Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: This study addresses how, given a known exposure, genetic information affects the characterization of risk groups. The probability of developing silicosis in a population of coal miners in Turkey was estimated using logistic regression on the basis of lung tissue samples from autopsy. This probability was then used to construct predicted risk deciles, first for a model with occupational exposure only, and later for a model containing occupational exposure and genetic main effects and interactions. The results indicate that genetic information plays a valuable role in effectively characterizing risk groups and mechanisms of diseases in a substantial proportion of the population. However, in the case of fibrotic lung disease caused by silica exposure, information about the presence or absence of the minor variants of interleukin-1α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor-α is unlikely to be a useful tool for individual classification. (102791)
CIS 03-1615 Lymphohaematopoeitic cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Collins J.J., Ireland B., Buckley C.F., Shepperly D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2003, Vol.60, No.9, p.676-679. 32 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between lymphohaematopoeitic cancer mortality and benzene exposure among 4417 workers at a chemical plant in the US. There was little evidence of increasing risk with increasing cumulative benzene exposure for all leukaemias, for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemias (ANL) or the other lymphohaematopoeitic cancers with the exception of multiple myeloma. For multiple myeloma, the SMRs were 1.1 in the non-exposed group, 1.4 in the <1ppm-years group, 1.5 in the 1-6ppm-years group, and 2.6 in the >6ppm-years group. No relationships were found between peak exposures and any of the cancers. However, when peak exposures over 100ppm for 40 or more days were considered, the observed number of all leukaemias (SMR=2.7), ANL (SMR=4.1) and multiple myeloma (SMR=4.0) were greater than expected. Although the observed number of deaths was small in this study, the number of peak exposures to benzene greater than 100ppm was a better predictor of risk than cumulative exposure. (102590)
CIS 03-1616 Occupational asthma in the city of São Paulo, 1995-2000, with special reference to gender analysis. Coeli Mendonça E.M., Algranti E., Pires de Freitas J.B., Rosa E.A., dos Santos Freire J.A., de Paula Santos U., Pinto J., Bussacos M.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.611-617. 27 ref. (In English) Internet: Occupational asthma (OA) is the leading occupational respiratory disease in the area of São Paulo Municipality (Brazil). From a joint registry of OA from five outpatient public clinics for occupational respiratory diseases, data on occupation, causal agents, exposure and symptom duration, and spirometry were analysed by gender. 394 OA cases were reported with a ratio of men/women of 1.5. Women had significantly shorter exposure durations (5.6±5.2 vs. 8.9±9.0 years), shorter symptoms duration (2.6±3.7 vs. 3.2±3.5 years), and higher prevalence of previous atopy (27.0 vs. 18.4%). The main occupations related to OA cases were cleaning activities, working in plastics manufacturing and in chemical and pharmaceutical plants. Women reported more exposures to cleaning products, biological agents and textile fibres, whereas men reported more exposures to isocyanates, metal dusts and fumes, oil mists, wood dusts and anhydrides. Women presented an increased risk of OA in the service sector (odds ratio 1.77). (102504)
CIS 03-1617 Be the fairest of them all: Challenges and recommendations for the treatment of gender in occupational health research. Messing K., Punnett L., Bond M., Alexanderson K., Pyle J., Zahm S., Wegman D., Stock S.R., de Grosbois S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.618-629. 157 ref. (In English) Internet: Both women's and men's occupational health problems merit scientific attention. Researchers need to consider the effect of gender on how occupational health issues are experienced, expressed, defined and addressed. More serious consideration of gender-related factors will help identify risk factors for both women and men. This article discusses some of the ways in which gender can be and has been handled in studies of occupational health, as well as some of the consequences. It also suggests specific research practices that avoid errors. Obstacles to gender-sensitive research practices are considered. Although gender-sensitive practices may be difficult to implement in some cases, they enrich the scientific quality of research and should lead to better data and ultimately to better-targeted prevention programmes. (102505)
CIS 03-1618 Physical and psychosocial risk factors for lateral epicondylitis: A population based case-referent study. Haahr J.P., Andersen J.H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2003, Vol.60, No.5, p.322-329. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: This case-control study was carried out to assess the importance of physical and psychosocial risk factors for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). 267 new cases of tennis elbow and 388 referents from the background population were enrolled from general practices in Rinkjoebing County, Denmark. It was found that tennis elbow was associated with manual job (odds ratio (OR) 3.1) and the self-reported physical risk factors of "posture" and "forceful work". Among women, risk factors included work involving repeated movements of the arms (OR 3.7), and among men, work with precision-demanding movements (OR 5.2). Among both sexes, the results for work with hand-held vibrating tools were inconsistent, partly because of few exposed subjects. A physical strain index was established based on posture, repetition and force. The adjusted ORs for tennis elbow at low, medium and high strain were 1.4, 2.0, and 4.4. Low social support at work was also a risk factor among women (OR 2.4). (102508)
CIS 03-1619 Work and rheumatic diseases. (Polish: Praca zawodowa a choroby reumatyczne) Jędryka-Góral A., Łastowiecka E., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, May 2003, No.5, p.19-21. Illus. 10 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents the problems of workers with rheumatic disease. The nature of these disorders and the relationship between them and the kind of work or working environment are described. The importance of primary and secondary prevention and rehabilitation is emphasized. (102569)
CIS 03-1620 Occupational skin diseases caused by Peru balsam. (French: Dermatoses professionnelles au baume du Pérou) Crépy M.N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 2003, No.93, p.61-66. Illus. 60 ref. (In French) Internet: Peru balsam can cause contact urticaria and eczema. Persons occupationally exposed to this substance include physiotherapists, masseurs, veterinarians workers in the food sector (bakers, cooks, market gardeners), farmers, beekeepers and metalworkers. Contents of this article on occupational skin diseases caused by Peru balsam: composition; skin toxicity; sources and uses; epidemiology; diagnosis in occupational settings; confirmation of diagnosis in specialized institutions; prognosis; prevention; compensation. (102877)
CIS 03-1621 Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation. Steenland K., Burnett C., Lalich N., Ward E., Hurrell J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2003, Vol.43, No.5, p.461-482. 177 ref. (In English) Internet: Deaths due to occupational disease and injury place a heavy burden on society in terms of economic costs and human suffering. Using 1997 US mortality data, the annual burden of occupational disease mortality resulting from selected respiratory diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure and hepatitis has been estimated at 49,000, with a range from 26,000 to 72,000. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there are about 6,200 work-related injury deaths annually. Adding disease and injury data, it is estimated that there are a total of 55,200 US deaths annually resulting from occupational disease or injury (range 32,200-78,200). It is estimated that occupational deaths are the 8th leading cause of death in the US, after diabetes but ahead of suicide, and greater than the annual number of motor vehicle deaths per year. (102916)
CIS 03-1622 Pharmaceuticals and worker productivity loss: A critical review of the literature. Burton W.N., Morrison A., Wertheimer A.I., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.45, No.6, p.610-621. Illus. 87 ref. (In English) Internet: Many chronic illnesses that affect the working population can cause losses in productivity. The extent to which these productivity losses can be reduced by pharmacological treatment is of particular interest to employers, who bear the costs of productivity losses and of employees' health care. This article consists of a summary and critical review of various earlier studies on the effects of pharmaceuticals on productivity losses. For a dozen drug classes, there is good evidence that pharmaceuticals reduce productivity losses caused by respiratory illnesses (such as asthma, allergic disorders, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections, and influenza), diabetes, depression, dysmenorrhoea and migraine. In many cases, the reduction in productivity loss may partially or completely offset the costs of treatment. These results should be helpful to occupational physicians in providing recommendations on employer benefit plan designs taking into account the benefits of pharmacological treatments. (102923)
CIS 03-1623 Risk factors for cardiovascular malformation - A study based on prospectively collected data. Cedergren M.I., Selbing A.J., Källén B.A.J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.12-17. 23 ref. (In English) Internet: This study included 277 women who had infants with a severe cardiac defect. Data on parental age, maternal reproductive history, disease in early pregnancy, reported maternal use of drugs and alcohol, smoking habits, parental occupation and maternal body mass index (BMI) were extracted from medical records. Maternal diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular malformation (odds ratio (OR) 2.38), as was a high BMI (> 29, OR 1.46). A tendency towards an increased risk was found for involuntary childlessness, spontaneous abortion, thyroid drugs and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Some known risk factors for cardiac defects (eg. maternal diabetes mellitus and the use of antiepileptics) could be identified in this study but other postulated risk factors could not be verified. It is possible, however, that there is an association with the use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for thyroid disease. The relationship between a high BMI and cardiovascular malformation observed in this study may be explained by impaired maternal glucose tolerance. (102932)
CIS 03-1624 Exploration of asthma risk by occupation - Extended analysis of an incidence study of the Finnish population. Karjalainen A., Kurppa K., Martikainen R., Karjalainen J., Klaukka T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.49-57. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: In Finland, persons with clinically-verified persistent asthma are registered for medication reimbursement by the national health insurance scheme. Data were combined from three national registers, and all employed Finns aged 25-59 were followed for asthma incidence in 1986-1998. A log-linear model was used to estimate the relative risks of asthma for 275 nonadministrative occupations in comparison with administrative work (33 occupations). A significantly increased risk was found for either men or women in 125 occupations. For the men, the risk was highest among bakers, laundry workers, shoemakers and repairers, tanners, fell mongers and pelt dressers, and metal plating and coating workers. For the women, the risk was highest among shoemakers and repairers, railway and station personnel, jewelry engravers, engine room crew, molders, round-timber workers and bakers. The results suggest that the work-related excess of asthma incidence is much more widely spread across the labour force than previously thought. (102935)
CIS 03-1625 Alternative for estimating the burden of lung cancer from occupational exposures - Some calculations based on data from Swedish men. Axelson O., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.58-63. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: This study attempts to calculate the occupational lung cancer burden using economically active men in Sweden as an example. Risk estimates were calculated using Swedish register data on occupation in 1970, lung cancer incidence in 1971-1989, smoking frequencies in 1963 and a mathematical formula. Farmers, gardeners, forestry workers and fishermen had the lowest lung cancer risk (42.1 per 100,000 person-years) and a smoking frequency of 44.7%. The incidence among those not at risk (non smokers, Io) was 12.6 or 8.4 per 100 000 person-years, taking a relative risk for smoking as 6 or 10, respectively. From these Io estimates, the expected rates for white- and blue-collar workers (smoking frequencies 52.7 and 57.7%, respectively) were 45.8 and 49.1 per 100 000 person-years. About one-fourth of the lung cancers that occur among economically active Swedish men seem to have been related to occupation. This figure agrees with other estimates. (102936)
CIS 03-1626 Update of a prospective study of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry. Gun R.T., Pratt N.L., Griffith E.C., Adams G.G., Bisby J.A., Robinson K.L., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2004, Vol.61, No.2, p.150-156. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to update the analysis of the cohort mortality and cancer incidence among workers in the Australian petroleum industry. Cause-specific mortality and cancer incidence for workers employed between 1981 and 1996 were compared with those of the Australian population by means of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). 692 of the 15,957 male subjects and 16 of the 1206 female subjects had died by the cut off date, 31 December 1996. In males, the all-cause SMR and the SMRs for all major disease categories were significantly below unity. A non-significant increase of the all-cancer SIR (1.04) and a significant increase of the incidence of melanoma (SIR 1.54), bladder cancer (SIR 1.37), prostate cancer (SIR 1.19), pleural mesothelioma (SIR 1.80), leukaemia (SIR 1.39) and multiple myeloma (SIR 1.72) were observed. Possible reasons for these trends are discussed. (102772)
CIS 03-1627 Study on musculoskeletal disorders in a machinery manufacturing plant. Xiao G.B., Dempsey P.G., Lei L., Ma Z.H., Liang Y.X., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2004, Vol.46, No.4, p.341-346. Illus. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: Risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in the machinery manufacturing sector were investigated using interviews, postural analysis and the revised NIOSH lifting equation. 69 workers involved in manual materials handling (job A) and 51 machinery workers less involved with manual-handling tasks (job B) were studied. The prevalence rates of low back pain (defined as at least one episode lasting for 24 hours or more in previous 12 months) were 63.8% and 37.3% for jobs A and B, respectively. Prevalence rates of low back pain every consecutive day for a week or more attributed to lifting were 26,09% and 5.88% for jobs A and B, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that lifting repetitiveness and work age contributed to low back pain. The combination of object weight and activity repetitiveness had a significant adverse effect on low back pain. (102777)
CIS 03-1628 Musculoskeletal symptom survey among mason tenders. Goldsheyder D., Nordin M., Schecter Weiner S., Hiebert R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.42, No.5, p.384-396. Illus. 49 ref. (In English) Internet: A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal symptoms among mason tenders, and to identify work-related activities perceived by them as contributing to their disorders. Findings revealed that 82% of the mason tenders experienced at least one musculoskeletal symptom in the previous year. Low back pain (LBP) was the most frequently reported symptom (65%). Due to LBP, 12% of the labourers missed work and 18% of them visited a physician. Bending or twisting the back, working in the same position or in pain, and heavy lifting were perceived as the most problematic work-related activities. The vast majority of the labourers requested job safety training. A model for primary prevention of LBP was developed and implemented in the trade. The model incorporated ergonomic principles, hazard recognition, and problem solving in the training curriculum for the union instructors teaching trade-specific skills to apprentices. (102832)
CIS 03-1629 Byssinosis among jute mill workers. Chattopadhyay B.P., Saiyed H.N., Mukherjee A.K., Industrial Health, July 2003, Vol.41, No.3, p.265-272. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: This study involving 148 jute mill workers was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of byssinosis in this occupational group. Workers were subjected to spirometric testing, and data on work-related respiratory symptoms were collected by means of standard questionnaires. Dust levels, particle size distributions and gram-negative bacterial endotoxins were determined in the workplace atmosphere. Batching was found to be the dustiest process in the mill. Analysis of size distribution showed that the diameter of 70-80% of the dust particles was <10µm, 40-50% was <5µm and 10-20% was <2µm. Mean endotoxin levels found in batching, spinning and weaving and beaming were 2.319µg/m3, 0.956 µg/m3 and 0.041µg/m3 respectively. Respiratory morbidity study reported typical byssinotic symptoms along with acute post shift FEV1 changes (31.8%) and chronic changes in FEV1 (43.2%) among exposed workers. The group with higher exposures showed significantly lower lung function values. The study confirmed that Indian jute mill workers also suffer from byssinosis, as had been previously determined among cotton, flask and hemp workers. (102838)
CIS 03-1630 Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers. McLean D., Cheng S., 't Mannetje A., Woodward A., Pearce N., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2004, Vol.61, No.6, p.541-547. 48 ref. (In English) Internet: The objectives of this study were to ascertain whether there is an increased risk of cancers of the lung and lymphohaematopoietic tissue among workers employed in the New Zealand meat processing industry, and if yes, to identify exposures associated with this risk. A cohort of 6647 workers was assembled from personnel records from three plants and followed from 1988 until 2000. The recorded number of deaths and cancer registrations were compared with the corresponding specific rates for the New Zealand population. Mortality from all causes and all cancers was increased, and there was a significant excess of lung cancer. There were also significant trends of increasing risk of lung and lymphohaematopoietic cancer with increasing duration of exposure to biological material. (102775)
CIS 03-1631 Occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents increases the risk of neurological symptoms among printing workers in Hong Kong. Yu I.T.S., Lee N.L., Zhang X.H., Chen W.Q., Lam Y.T., Wong T.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2004, Vol.46, No.4, p.323-330. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The health effects of low-dose occupational exposure to organic solvents remains unclear. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 762 male printing workers to assess the effects of exposure to mixtures of n-hexane, toluene, isopropyl alcohol and benzene on neurological and other symptoms. After adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, past exposure history, working hours and shift work, it was found that exposure to solvent mixtures was significantly associated with the total number of neurological symptoms and with the prevalence of specific symptoms of the nervous system and mucous membrane irritation. The adjusted odds ratio of neurovegetative lability (1.7-5.9), abnormal or reduced smell (1.6-4.1), memory loss (1.8) and mucous membrane irritation symptoms (1.5-4.6) significantly increased in the exposed group, especially when the summation index of exposure exceeded unity. (102776)
CIS 03-1632 Adult-onset asthma and wheeze among irritant-exposed bleachery workers. Andersson E., Olin A.C., Hagberg S., Nilsson R., Nilsson T., Torén K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2003, Vol.43, No.5, p.532-538. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: It is unclear whether new-onset asthma is associated with irritant exposure. This study investigated if occupational exposure to irritant gases, especially repeated peak exposure (gassings), increased the risk of obstructive airways disease. Data on airway symptoms and exposure among 101 bleachery and 314 paper department workers of a pulp mill were collected by a questionnaire. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) (Cox regression) were calculated . The incidence rate for adult-onset physician-diagnosed asthma among bleachery workers reporting gassings giving rise to respiratory symptoms was 7.6/103 person-years and for those without gassings 2.2/103 person-years, compared to 1.0/103 person-years for paper workers. In a Cox regression model for asthma, stratified for sex, HR for gassings were 5.6, for hay fever 3.0, and for ever smoking 0.7. The same model for adult-onset wheeze gave HR of 5.2, 1.7, and 1.1, respectively. Repeated peak exposure to irritant gases in the pulp industry increased the risk for both adult-onset asthma and wheeze. (102918)
CIS 03-1633 Mortality and cancer incidence among Lithuanian cement producing workers. Smailyte G., Kurtinaitis J., Andersen A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2004, Vol.61, No.6, p.529-534. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: 2498 cement workers employed in the production units of a Lithuanian cement plant from 1956 to 2000 were followed up from January 1978 to December 2000. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated based on mortality and incidence rates for the overall Lithuanian population. Among male workers, significantly increased SMRs were found for all malignant neoplasms (SMR 1.3) and for lung cancer (SMR 1.4). The SIR for all cancers was 1.2. Excess risk was found for lung cancer (SIR 1.5) and bladder cancer (SIR 1.8). Also, there were indications of an increasing risk of lung and stomach cancers as a function of cumulated exposure to cement dust. Among female workers, the overall cancer incidence was not increased (SIR 0.8). This study supports the hypothesis that exposure to cement dust may increase the lung and bladder cancer risk. (102774)
CIS 03-1634 Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: An international comparison. Staal J.B., Hlobil H., van Tulder M.W., Waddell G., Burton A.K., Koes B.W., van Mechelen W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2003, Vol.60, No.9, p.618-626. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to compare guidelines of various countries for dealing with the management of low back pain in occupational health care settings. Findings show that the quality criteria were variously met by the guidelines. Common flaws concerned the absence of proper external reviewing in the development process, lack of attention to organizational barriers and cost implications, and lack of information on the extent to which editors and developers were independent. There was general agreement, however, on numerous issues fundamental to the occupational health management of back pain. The assessment recommendations included diagnosis, screening for specific pathologies and neurological problems, and the identification of potential psychosocial and workplace barriers to recovery. The guidelines also agreed on advice that low back pain is a self-limiting condition and that it is important to encourage and support remaining at work or an early (gradual) return to work, if necessary with modified duties. (102586)
CIS 03-1635 Health surveillance of users of protective gloves. (Spanish: La vigilancia de la salud en los usuarios de guantes de protección individual) Pareja Torres M.C., de la Iglesia Huerta A., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2003, No.26, p.25-40. Illus. 23 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Many workplaces present specific hazards to the skin of the hands and require the wearing of protective gloves. The use of protective gloves may cause undesired effects or be counter-indicated, which is why medical supervision is necessary. Contents of this review article on the medical supervision of users of protective gloves: definition of personal protective equipment (PPE) and protective gloves; classification of protective gloves according to their shape, type of hazard and material; proper use of protective gloves; undesired effects of using protective gloves (occlusion, mechanical irritation, sensitization); situations where use is counter-indicated (atopy, allergies, multiple surgery, dermatitis, hyperhidrosis); diagnosis of the aptitude to wear gloves (medical history, clinical examinations, skin tests, determination of IgEs and histamine release, measurement of percutaneous loss of water); medical examinations (pre-employment examinations, specific and periodical examinations); health surveillance by means of a skin disease prevention protocol, an example of which is included. (102556)
CIS 03-1636 Smoking and occupation from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. McCurdy S.A., Sunyer J., Zock J.P., Antó J.M., Kogevinas M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2003, Vol.60, No.9, p.643-648. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: To examine smoking prevalence among occupational groups in the European Union, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was conducted in 1992-93. The survey involved 14,565 subjects from 14 participating countries. Among the findings, there was an approximately twofold range in smoking prevalence by occupation. For occupational groups with at least 50 subjects, the highest smoking prevalence was seen in metal-making and treating for men (54.3%) and cleaners for women (50.7%). Smoking prevalence by occupation persisted even when adjusted for age, country, and age at completion of education. Smoking was also increased among occupations with high exposure to mineral dust and gas or fumes. In conclusion, smoking rates vary significantly by occupation, and prevention efforts in the workplace should focus on occupations with high smoking prevalence and large employment bases. (102587)
CIS 03-1637 Multidisciplinary occupational health services. Clarke E.E.K, Naidoo R.N., Ryan A., Uronu A.B., Lekei E.E., Afubwa S.O., Yildiz A.N, Bilir N., Sener G., Okimait A., Isingoma S., Nsubuga F, Obua P., Hryhorczuk D., Nickels L., Forst L., Zanoni J., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 2004, Vol.14, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on multidisciplinary occupational health services of relevance to African countries. Topics covered: specialist occupational medicine services in Sub-Saharan Africa; health hazards for plant quarantine and pesticides inspectors in Tanzania; role of public health officers in occupational safety and health in Kenya; establishment of occupational health nursing in Turkey; symptoms, exposure evaluation and protective equipment of salt miners in Uganda; child labour in commercial agriculture in Uganda; online training resources in occupational safety and health. (102612)
CIS 03-1638 Definition and implementation of a multi-step method for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders during routine examinations carried out by occupational medical services. (German: Entwicklung und Anwendungserprobung einer Mehrstufendiagnostik für Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen bei der arbeitsmedizinischer Routineuntersuchung) Grifka J., Tingart M., Hofbauer R., Peters T., Der Orthopäde, 2002, Vol.31, No.10, p.973-980. Illus. 29 ref. (In German) Internet: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main cause of absenteeism. In order to determine systematically which disorders are likely to cause productivity losses, a several-step examination programme enabling a standardized diagnosis of the musculoskeletal state of health was defined. This diagnosis method was tested on 528 subjects by 80 occupational physicians. It allows to document MSDs and their relationship with workload in a very precise manner, for the purposes of improving working conditions and focusing on the aspects of workers' behaviour that require changing. The collection of standardized data furthermore ensures the availability of reliable information for epidemiological studies. (102650)
CIS 03-1639 Effectiveness of physical activity programs at worksites with respect to work-related outcomes. Proper K.I., Staal B.J., Hildebrandt V.H., van der Beek A.J., van Mechelen W., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2002, vol.28, No.2, p.75-84. 65 ref. (In English) Internet: For this literature review on the effectiveness of physical activity programmes at worksites with respect to certain work-related outcomes, data were selected by means of a computerized literature search, a reference search and a manual search of the personal databases of the project team members. The outcomes studied were absenteeism, job satisfaction, job stress, productivity and employee turnover. The evidence of an effect was limited for absenteeism, inconclusive for job satisfaction, job stress and employee turnover, and nil for productivity. It is concluded that scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physical activity programmes at worksites is still limited. (102796)
CIS 03-1640 Work-related presentations to general practitioners in Australia. Hendrie L., Driscoll T., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.133-143. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: This article describes the main work-related aspects of presentations to general practitioners (GPs) in Australia during 1998 to 2000. Of the total cases presented, 7209 (2.4%) were work-related, of which 28% were first-time consultations. Men had 63% of the work-related problems. These results suggest a total of about 3.9 million work-related problems being handled each year by GPs in Australia, of which 1.1 million are new cases. The most common occupationally-related diagnoses were musculoskeletal problems (58%), skin disorders (13%), psychological problems (9%) and neurological problems (4%), with some age- and sex-related differences. Injuries comprised about one-third of all work-related problems. Workers' compensation was paid for 55% of all work-related problems (39% of new problems), with considerable variation depending on the condition. (102901)
CIS 03-1641 Influenza vaccination in an occupational setting: Effectiveness and cost-benefit study. Cohen P., Darling C., Hampson A., Downs K., Tasset-Tisseau A., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.167-182. Illus. 34 ref. (In English) Internet: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-benefit of influenza vaccination in reducing influenza-like illness and absenteeism among workers of a large steelworks. The study was a prospective, randomized trial conducted during the 2000 influenza season. Healthy adults aged 18-64 years were randomized into two groups: 270 received parenteral influenza vaccine (VAXIGRIP) and 270 had no intervention. Data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires for a total period of six months. This study suggests that influenza vaccination programs for healthy, working-age adults may represent a cost-effective intervention strategy from the employer's perspective during the influenza season, especially during the peak period of the disease. (102904)
CIS 03-1642 Quantification of occupational absenteeism in the enterprise. An indicator of enterprise safety and health performance. (Spanish: Cuantificación del absentismo laboral en la empresa. Una herramienta para la medición de los niveles de seguridad y salud en la empresa) Fernández Jiménez M., Herrero García M., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2003, No.28, p.4-10. Illus. 7ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Absenteeism indicators are an important tool for evaluating the state of health of employees and the efficiency of preventive measures. Various accident frequency and morbidity indicators used for analysing absenteeism in the enterprise are reviewed, including: absenteeism; general absenteeism; frequency rates; severity rates; incidence rates; average length of absence; presenteeism. The factors that should not be taken into account for analysing absenteeism (paid holidays, maternity leave, and in Spain absences related to commuting accidents) are discussed, as well as those that may distort the analysis. Given the importance of this analysis and the large number of indicators, a harmonized system at the European level would be useful for making comparisons. (102557)
CIS 03-1643 Health, absence, disability and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers. Goetzel R.Z., Long S.R., Ozminkowski R.J., Hawkins K., Wang S., Lynch W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2004, Vol.46, No.4, p.398-412. Illus. 49 ref. (In English) Internet: Evidence about the total cost of health, absenteeism, short-term disability and productivity losses were applied to ten health conditions. Cost estimates from a large sickness absenteeism database were combined with findings from several published productivity surveys. Condition prevalence and associated absenteeism and presenteeism losses were used to estimate condition-related costs. Based on average impairment and prevalence estimates, the overall economic burden of illness was highest for hypertension (USD 392 per eligible employee per year), heart disease (USD 368), depression and other mental illnesses (USD 348), and arthritis (USD 327). Presenteeism costs were higher than medical costs in most cases, and represented 18% to 60% of all costs. (102779)
CIS 03-1644 Use of the data collected in the Sherbrooke project on the compensation of occupationally-caused backache and low back pain for a 6.4-year follow-up project. (French: Exploitation de la base de données recueillies dans le projet Sherbrooke sur la prise en charge des dorso-lombalgies reliées au travail avec un suivi de 6,4 ans) Loisel P., Durand M.J., Vachon B., Lemaire J., Poitras S., Stock S., Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2003. viii, 43p. Illus. 47 ref. Price: CAD 6.42., ISBN 2-551-21884-5 (In French) Internet: In the context of an important project on the compensation of occupationally-cased backache, data covering a period of over six years were collected on health, lifestyle, socio-professional status, occupation and costs. This document reports on the information derived from analysing these data. It has enabled a better understanding of the rehabilitation of workers with backache and the costs associated with the compensation of these injuries, the quality of the instruments available for diagnosing and predicting long-term invalidity and the types of intervention that can make the return to work easier. (102769)
CIS 03-1645 Health promotion through learning organizations. (German: Gesundheitsförderung durch Organisationsentwicklung) Genz H.O, Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW), Pappelallee 35-37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany, [c2003]. 40p. Illus. 7 ref. (In German) Internet: Published by the German mutual occupational insurance fund for health care and social services, this booklet explains in broad terms how to implement a programme for improving work organization in hospitals for the purpose of improving workers' health. Contents: concept of "learning organization"; typical structure of a health promotion project; workgroups (health circles and project groups); project steps; problems that may be encountered during the project and their solutions. Check lists for the various project phases are provided in an appendix. (102644)
CIS 03-1646 Challenges to epidemiology in changing Europe - Proceedings of the conference - Krakow, July 2-3, 1999. Jędrychowski W., Vena J., Maugeri U., eds., Polish Society for Environmental Epidemiology, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Jagiellonian University, 7 Kopernika street, 31034 Krakow, Poland, 1999. 248p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 83-904896-1-9 (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a conference on epidemiology in Europe held in Cracow, Poland, 2-3 July 1999. Main topics covered: health and environment trends in the 1990s; increase of asthma worldwide; epidemiology of cancer in Europe; infectious diseases in Poland; mesothelioma in Europe; incidence of malignancies caused by arsenic in populations exposed to high arsenic-containing coal combustion products; incidence of type-1 diabetes in age groups 0-10 and 15-29 in Cracow; future chronic diseases; multidisciplinary research; current and future trends in epidemiology; challenges for epidemiologists in Europe; linkage between epidemiology and health policy; evidence-based primary prevention. (102740)
CIS 03-1647 Preventive occupational medicine in enterprises where wet work is carried out - Results of a prevention project. (German: Medizinischer Arbeitsschutz in Betrieben mit Feuchtarbeit - Ergebnisse eines gewerbeärztlichen Präventionsprojektes) Naumann C., Aue H.D., Sächsisches Landesinstitut für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Reichsstrasse 39, 09112 Chemnitz, Germany, 2002. 26p. Illus. 21 ref. (In German) Internet: Skin diseases are among the most frequent occupational diseases. They are particularly problematic in situations where workers are required to frequently carry out tasks with wet hands. Consequently, within the scope of its control activities, the Department of Preventive Medicine of the State of Saxony, Germany, carried out a survey of skin diseases and preventive measures taken in 292 small enterprises, and provided workers with advice on prevention. The survey found evidence of skin diseases in 26 enterprises. Groups of workers most affected included, in order of decreasing importance: hairdressers, salespersons in flower shops, machinists, beauticians, medical and dental assistants and enamel workers. A preventive programme was launched among workers with skin diseases, the first measure being to organize the work so as to limit the tasks that may be harmful to the skin. It is also advised to wear waterproof gloves, and in some cases to wear cotton gloves under the waterproof gloves. (102970)
CIS 03-1648 Overtime and extended work shifts: Recent findings on illnesses, injuries and health behaviors. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Apr. 2004. x, 38p. Illus. 89 ref. (In English) Internet: This document presents an integrative review of the methods and findings from 52 studies that were published between 1995 and 2002 on the relationship between long work hours and selected health outcomes. The review indicates that the influence of long working hours on health and safety involves a complex interaction of a number of factors. Recommendations are made on issues and priorities to consider in future research. (102608)
CIS 03-1649 Occupational diseases reported in the Czech Republic in the year 2003. National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, Praha 10, 10042 Czech Republic, 2004. 5p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Overview of statistics of occupational diseases reported in the Czech Republic in 2003. There were 1558 cases (972 men, 586 women) of reported occupational diseases, corresponding to an incidence rate of 35.4 cases per 100,000 employees. Tables summarize the following information: statistical trends between 1996 and 2003; occupational diseases by main causal factor; ten most frequent occupational diseases; ten sectors of activity with the highest number of reported occupational diseases. (102605)
CIS 03-1650 Reproductive health protection and promotion: Role of health care personnel of occupational safety and health services. (Spanish: Protección y promoción de la salud reproductiva: funciones del personal sanitario del servicio de prevención) Solé Gómez M.D., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 12 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the role of the medical staff of occupational safety and health services with respect to the prevention of hazards to reproductive health or to the development of the unborn child. Topics addressed: identification of the population subject to the risk of reproductive function changes; organic changes in pregnant women, new mothers and breast-feeding women; training and information of male and female personnel on the risks to reproductive health; advice tailored to the individual; specific prevention measures (three months prior to conception, during pregnancy, during breast feeding). Risk factors that need to be taken into account for the evaluation of hazards among breast-feeding women or new mothers, as well as critical periods and possible mechanisms of risks to reproductive health in case of paternal exposure to chemical agents, are presented in tabular form. (102661)
CIS 03-1651 Workplace health promotion: Questionnaire for quality evaluation. (Spanish: La promoción de la salud en el trabajo: cuestionario para la evaluación de la calidad) Solé Gómez M.D., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 5p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note presents a questionnaire designed by the European Network for Workplace Health Promotion (ENWHP). It aims to help enterprises to evaluate the quality of health promotion interventions and to facilitate their improvement. It includes 27 questions grouped into six topics: strategy and involvement of senior management; human resources and work organization; planning of occupational health promotion; social responsibility; implementation of the interventions; results obtained. The evaluation of the questionnaire is achieved by means of a scoring system that enables the quality of the interventions to be evaluated. (102689)
CIS 03-1652 Health promotion at the workplace. Zucconi A., Perticaroli S., Chierichetti F., Monni R., Sulprizio G., La Ferla F., Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro (ISPESL), Istituto dell'Approccio Centrato sulla Persona (IACP), 99 piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 00185 Roma, Italy, 2001. 113p. Illus. 49 ref. + Videotape (VHS format), 30min. (In English) Internet: Topics covered in this information pack on health promotion at the workplace: various meanings of the term "health"; ecological view of health; foundations of health; health promotion; strategic importance of the workplace; importance of a global vision of the problem; practical examples of health promotion; obstacles to health promotion. Appendices include: message from Kofi Annan on the importance of occupational safety and health; the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion; the Cardiff Memorandum on the Work Health Promotion (WHP) Network in the European Union; annual training course proposed by the University of Siena, Italy. (102811)
CIS 03-1653 The risk of manual handling injury among community care workers. Ore T., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.145-157. Illus. 51 ref. (In English) Internet: This article analyses 266 manual handling injuries among community care workers in an Australian State government agency from 1997 to 2000, for the purpose of identifying prevention opportunities. Results of the multivariate Poisson regression model of the injury rates indicated that older and longer-serving employees were significantly more likely to experience injuries than newer, less-experienced employees. While men were generally at greater risk, they showed a significant reduction in injury rates during the study period. As much as 15% of the fall in the injury rates could be due to the contracting out of services towards the end of 1998. The disproportionate contribution to the cost of manual handling claims by a small number of injuries was confirmed in this study. Better OHS management targeted at the issues highlighted in this article could improve the quality of care in custodial accommodation settings for troubled youths. (102902)
CIS 03-1654 Relation between sick leave and selected exposure variables among women semiconductor workers in Malaysia. Chee H.L., Rampal K.G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.60, No.4, p.262-270. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: This cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the relation between sick leave and selected exposure variables among women working in the semiconductor industry. Subjects were women production workers from 18 semiconductor factories. Sick leave and exposure to physical and chemical hazards were determined by self reporting. The effects of age, marital status, work task, work schedule, work section, and duration of work in factory and work section were also explored by logistical regression. Marital status was strongly linked to the taking of sick leave. Chemical and physical exposures, with the exception of poor ventilation and smelling chemicals, showed no significant relation to the taking of sick leave within the past year. Workers in wafer polishing workers and parts assembly operations faced significantly higher odds of taking sick leave. (102517)
CIS 03-1655 Occupation and adult gliomas in the San Francisco Bay area. Krishnan G., Felini M., Carozza S.E., Miike R., Chew T., Wrensch M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.45, No.6, p.639-647. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: This study compares job histories of 879 glioma cases and 864 controls. Logistic analyses compared longest and ever held occupations of one-year or more, after adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity. Statistically significant elevated odds ratios were found in men with longest held occupations as firefighters, physicians, material moving equipment operators and janitors; elevated odds ratios were also observed for longest-held occupations among male motor vehicle operators and personal service workers, and female messengers, social service workers, electronic equipment operators, painters and food processors. Odds ratios of 0.50 or less, but not statistically significant, were found for those with longest held jobs as writers, journalists, biological scientists, paper workers, mechanics, chemists and photographers. (102926)
CIS 03-1656 Cancer risk by occupation and socioeconomic group among men - A study by the Association of Swiss Cancer Registries. Bouchardy C., Schüler G., Minder C., Hotz P., Bousquet A., Levi F., Fisch T., Torhorst J., Raymond L., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 2002, Vol.28, Suppl.1, p.1-88 (whole issue). Illus. 165 ref. (In English) Internet: The study comprised all male patients ≥ 25 years of age with invasive cancer recorded in the cantons of Basel, Geneva, St. Gallen, Vaud and Zurich. The study included 58,134 incident cancer cases for the period 1980-1993. Large socioeconomic differences in cancer risks were observed. Risks of tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers correlated negatively with socioeconomic status. On the contrary, risks of melanoma and other cancers of the skin, colon, prostate, testes and kidney were associated with a high socioeconomic status. In order to avoid overinterpretations for the multitude of results, a priori hypotheses based on the literature on expected associations between occupation and cancer risk served as a basis for the critical evaluation of the risks found. This study presents the results of the first systematic analysis of incidence data on socioeconomic and occupational variations of cancer risks in the Swiss cancer registries. Despite limitations linked to occupational definitions, lack of national coverage and the statistical approach used, this study provides interpretable results for additional research and public health surveillance. (102938)
CIS 03-1657 Occupational dermatoses among Polish private farmers, 1991-1999. Spiewak R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.647-655. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to create reliable statistics on occupational dermatoses among self-employed Polish farmers. For all cases of work-related skin diseases diagnosed from 1991 to 1999, compensation records of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund were analysed for diagnoses, causative factors and health impairment of the skin. Since the introduction of a compensation system for occupational diseases and accidents in Poland in 1991, occupational dermatoses diagnosed among self-employed farmers have increased rapidly. The first case was registered in 1992. Until the end of 1999, there were 101 cases (63 women and 38 men). The incidence rose from 0.006/10,000/year in 1992 to 0.189/10,000/year in 1999. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most common diagnosis (86%), followed by infectious skin diseases (10%), irritant contact dermatitis (3%) and urticaria (2%). The most frequently-identified causative factors were plant dusts (38%), animal allergens (36%), metals (29%), pesticides (18%) and rubber chemicals (15%). The median impairment due to skin disease was 20% (range 2-36%). (102507)
CIS 03-1658 Current ILO activities relating to health in the fishing industry. (Spanish: Actividades actuales de la OIT en temas de salud en la industria pesquera) Appave D., Medicina Marítima, June 2003, Vol.3, No.1, p.114-119. (In English, Spanish) Internet: The ILO has embarked on the revision of its seven existing standards for the fishing sector, including its Convention on the medical examination of fishermen (CIS 81-1422). The new standard may include revised provisions on medical examination of fishermen and new provisions on occupational safety and health in this sector. The ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are revising a joint Code, originally prepared in 1975, on safety and health practice on fishing vessels. It is intended that the revised version of the Code will give greater attention to health issues. (102619)
CIS 03-1659 Evaluation of the work capacity of gardeners. (Spanish: Valoración de la capacidad laboral en jardinería) Rodríguez Gutiérrez C., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.188-189, p.87-100. 6 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: To evaluate the working capacity of gardeners, one must have an understanding of the various tasks they have to perform, the risk factors of this occupation and the diseases which can cause limitations in the ability to work. This study examines the activities of gardeners and the limitations of working capacity due to the most important and most frequent diseases found in the general working population. Contents: description of tasks and risk factors; work capacity profile for the job of gardener; description of diseases and the limitations which they cause (rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; bronchial asthma; pulmonary arterial hypertension; cardiac insufficiency; vascular diseases; ulcerative colitis; chronic hepatitis; epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; mental disorders; visual disorders; hearing and speech disorders; leukaemia; diabetes; psoriasis; allergic contact dermatitis; breast and lung cancer; lupus erythematosus). (102724)
CIS 03-1660 Occupational hazards and work incapacity among trawler fishermen. (Spanish: Riesgos laborales e incapacidades en los marineros de buques de pesca) Paredes Martínez D.J.P., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.190, p.73-92. Illus. 15 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: After describing the various types of fishing, the main tasks carried out on trawlers and the associated hazards, this article goes on to discuss the most frequent pathologies observed in the general working population together with their effects on the working capacity in this occupational group. Contents: description of the various types of fishing; description of the tasks; general hazards and hazards specific to the type of fishing; description of diseases and the limitations they cause (rheumatoid arthritis; arthrosis and lumbar diseases; bronchial asthma; pulmonary arterial hypertension; cardiac insufficiency; cardiac ischaemia; vascular diseases; ulcerative colitis; chronic hepatitis; chronic renal insufficiency; epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; mental disorders; deterioration of central visual acuity and of peripheral vision; hearing and speech disorders; chronic leukaemia; diabetes; psoriasis; allergic contact dermatitis; malignant tumours and diseases; benign tumours). (102727)
CIS 03-1661 Safety and health in the fishing industry. Wagner B., International Maritime Health, 2003, Vol.54, No.1/4, p.151-163. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: This article discusses safety and health problems facing fishermen. Topics addressed include occupational accidents and diseases and their costs, national and international preventive interventions and ILO actions. For major fishing countries, tables provide statistics of occupational fatalities and injuries for the year 1997, lives lost by type of vessel casualty in 1995-1997 and lives lost due to accidents on board in 1995-1997. (102800)
CIS 03-1662 A day in the life of a cane cutter. Mwasanga M.J., On Guard, Mar. 2004, Vol.9, No.1, p.19-21. Illus. (In English) Internet: Occupational safety and health hazards of sugar cane cutting in Zimbabwe are analysed by the author of this article, having performed the task himself. Hazards include dehydration, cuts from sharp tools, foreign objects entering the eyes, inhalation of dust and musculoskeletal injuries resulting from manual handling, bending postures and repetitive movements. Recommendations are made in the areas of ergonomics, work organization, supply of personal protective equipment and of drinking water, and the provision of transport to and from the fields. (102829)
CIS 03-1663 Proportionate mortality of crop and livestock farmers in the United States, 1984-1993. Lee E., Burnett C.A., Lalich N., Cameron L.L., Sestito J.P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.42, No.5, p.410-420. 48 ref. (In English) Internet: An analysis of death certificate data from 26 U.S. states for the years 1984-1993 was conducted to test the hypothesis that livestock farmers are more likely to be exposed to a variety of different farming hazards than crop farmers. Cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were determined using a NIOSH computer program designed to calculate sex and race specific PMRs for various occupations and industries. Among white male (WM) livestock farmers, there was a significantly higher mortality from cancer of the pancreas, prostate and brain, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute and chronic lymphoid leukaemia and Parkinson's disease. WM crop farmers showed significantly higher mortality risk for cancer of the lip, skin, multiple myeloma and chronic lymphoid leukaemia. Results suggest that livestock farmers might be more exposed to carcinogens than crop farmers. (102833)
CIS 03-1664 Prevalence and association of welding related systemic and respiratory symptoms. El-Zein M., Malo J.L., Infante-Rivard C., Gautrin D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2003, Vol.60, No.9, p.655-661. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence among welders of coexisting symptoms indicative of metal fume fever (MFF) and respiratory symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma (OA). A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, systemic symptoms and occupational history was administered by telephone to a sample of 351 welders from two cities in Quebec, Canada. The co-occurrence of possible MFF together with welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of OA was 5.8%, these two groups of symptoms being significantly associated. In conclusion, there is a strong association between welding-related MFF and welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of OA. As such, MFF could be viewed as a pre-marker of welding-related OA, a hypothesis that requires further investigation. (102588)
CIS 03-1665 Failure after 5 years of self-regulation: A health and safety audit of New Zealand engineering companies carrying out welding. Walls C.A., Dryson E.W., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 2002, Vol.52, No.6, p.305-309. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to audit the degree of compliance with new health and safety legislation five years after enactment. 299 randomly selected New Zealand enterprises using a welding process were visited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire concerning the nature of the hazards encountered in the enterprise and the chosen control measures employed to protect the health of their employees was undertaken and analysed. Only 40% of New Zealand businesses in this sample undertaking welding had adopted the most basic of regulatory requirements to control health and safety risks. This percentage seemed independent of employer size. Fundamental safety issues (e.g. welding in confined spaces) were ignored by >50% of enterprises. In conclusion, self-management of health and safety risks had not occurred in over half the enterprises surveyed. (102732)
CIS 03-1666 Surveillance of respiratory diseases among construction and trade workers at Department of Energy nuclear sites. Dement J.M., Welch L., Bingham E., Cameron B., Rice C., Quinn P., Ringen K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.559-573. Illus. 35 ref. (In English) Internet: Medical screening programs were initiated in 1996 at three nuclear weapons facilities to evaluate whether current and former construction workers were at significant risk for occupational illnesses. The focus of this report is pneumoconiosis associated with exposures to asbestos and silica among workers enrolled in the screening programs through 30 September 2001. Workers provided a detailed work and exposure history and underwent a respiratory examination, which included a respiratory symptom questionnaire, a chest radiograph and spirometry. Of the 2,602 workers enrolled in the project, 25.2% showed one or more chest X-ray changes by ILO criteria and 42.7% demonstrated one or more pulmonary function defects. The overall prevalence of parenchymal changes by ILO criteria was 5.4%. In the logistic regression models, the odds ratio for parenchymal disease was 2.6 for workers employed 6 to 20 years and increased to 3.6 for workers employed more than 35 years, with additional incremental risks for workers reporting routine exposures to asbestos or silica. (102501)
CIS 03-1667 Health and safety in construction work. Juengprasert W., López-Valcárcel A., Xia Z.L., Lu G.L., Liang Y.X., Natori Y., Hirano T., Shimazu M., Toyama N., Yoopat P., Kim J.G., Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 2004, Vol.11, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on safety and health in construction work of relevance to countries in the Asian-Pacific region. Contents: overview of safety and health in the construction sector in Thailand; statistical trend of accidents in the construction industry and comment on applying ILO-OSH 2001 (CIS 02-162) to improve safety and health in this sector; challenges and strategies of occupational safety and health in the construction industry in China; asbestos-related diseases among construction workers in Japan; ergonomic approach for reducing physiological strain in construction work in Thailand; harmfulness and hazard prevention plan; problems due to the use of traditional cooking fuels in developing countries, women's exposure and possible alternatives. (102596)
CIS 03-1668 Validity and reliability of a proposed standard for classification of type of ship and occupational function on board for use in maritime occupational health epidemiology. (Spanish: Validez y fiabilidad de un estándar propuesto para la clasificación de tipo de barcos y puesto de trabajo a bordo para ser usado en la epidemiología de salud ocupacional marítima) Jensen O.C., Sørensen J.F.L., Kaerlev L., Canals M.L., Nikolić N., Saarni H., Medicina Marítima, June 2003, Vol.3, No.1, p.29-39. 16 ref. (In English, Spanish) Internet: Given the lack of a common classification system for ship type, occupational position on board and main work areas permitting an international comparison of seafarers' occupational environment, a classification with 12 categories of ship types, four types of main working areas and two types of position on board was developed and tested in surveys in Denmark, Spain, the Philippines, Croatia and Finland. Criteria for distinction between ship types were validated. The system was then retested. The results indicate that the proposed classification system is valid and reliable. (102617)
CIS 03-1669 Work-related mortality among British seafarers employed in flags of convenience shipping, 1976-95. Roberts S.E., International Maritime Health, 2003, Vol.54, No.1/4, p.7-25. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to analyse the causes of all deaths among British seafarers who were working in flags of convenience merchant shipping between 1976 and 1995, to compare their mortality with that of British seafarers employed in British merchant shipping and to discuss the implications for safety and health. Data from official mortality files were used. Out of 200 deaths in flags of convenience shipping, 68 were caused by illness, 91 by accidents, three by homicide, seven by suicide, four by drug and alcohol intoxication and 27 by unknown causes. Deaths from causes other than diseases, including maritime disasters, were significantly higher in flags of convenience ships than in British ships. There were insufficient data to determine relative mortality rates, and further studies should focus on this aspect. (102799)
CIS 03-1670 Mortality of United Kingdom oil refinery and petroleum distribution workers, 1951-1998. Sorahan T., Nichols L., Harrington J.M., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 2002, Vol.52, No.6, p.333-339. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: The mortality experienced by cohorts of 28,630 oil refinery workers and 16,480 petroleum distribution workers has been investigated. Study subjects were all male employees first employed in the period 1946-1974 at one of eight UK oil refineries or at one of 476 UK petroleum distribution centres. When compared with national mortality rates, the resultant standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were significantly below 100 for all causes, in both oil refinery workers (SMR=88) and petroleum distribution workers (SMR=94). Significantly elevated SMRs were shown in oil refinery workers for cancer of the gall bladder (SMR=172), cancer of the pleura (SMR=254) and melanoma (SMR=162). Significantly elevated SMRs were not found in petroleum distribution workers for any site of cancer. SMRs for selected causes of death were calculated by period from commencing employment, by year of hire and by job type. The only findings that suggested the presence of an occupational cancer hazard were an excess of mesothelioma in oil refinery workers and an excess of leukaemia in petroleum distribution workers, both excesses occurring in long-term follow-up for workers first employed >30 years ago. (102734)
CIS 03-1671 Cancer incidence in the workers cohort of textile manufacturing factory in Alytus, Lithuania. Kuzmickiene I., Didziapetris R., Stukonis M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2004, Vol.46, No.2, p.147-153. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: A cohort of 14,650 workers employed for at least one year at a textile factory in Alytus, Lithuania, was followed during the period 1978 to 1997. The overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for men was 1.28, with a significantly higher incidence of oesophagus cancer (SIR=3.42), and a slightly higher incidence of lung cancer (SIR=1.35). Among women, the SIR was 1.05, with a significantly higher incidence of cancer of the gallbladder (SIR=3.19). Among women workers in the spinning and weaving departments, there were higher incidences for all forms of cancer (SIR=1.35), for breast cancer (SIR=1.49) and for cervical cancer (SIR=1.82). Increased SIR values were observed for workers exposed for more than ten years for all forms of cancer (SIR=1.70) and for cervical cancer (SIR=2.44). (102581)
CIS 03-1672 Beedi industry in Rajnandgaon district: Some emerging issues of concern. Rao S., Collective Initiatives, Oct. 2002, Vol.3, No.2, p.1-15. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this project was to study the conditions of work among women working in the beedi industry in three towns of the Indian district of Rajnandgaon (Chhattisgarh State). In particular, the study examined the various steps involved in beedi manufacture, the status of the women in the beedi industry, the socioeconomic backgrounds of the households, the literacy status and the state of health of the women workers, in order to suggest remedial measures, policies and social action plans. The work is carried out partly at home and occupies two to three persons within the household. The education level of the women is very low, with around half being illiterate. The low socioeconomic status, malnutrition and insufficient hygiene conditions reflect on the state of health, giving rise to susceptibility to infections. Other risks include eye irritation, conjunctivitis or rhinitis caused by tobacco dust and disorders due to prolonged exposure to nicotine (disorders of the respiratory, circulatory and reproductive systems). Recommendations for improving the working conditions and the state of health of the women are proposed. (102549)
CIS 03-1673 Allergic sensitization, symptoms and lung function among bakery workers as compared with a nonexposed work population. Droste J., Myny K., Van Sprundel M., Kusters E., Bulat P., Braeckman L., Vermeire P., Vanhoorne M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.45, No.6, p.648-655. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study on the risks of occupational asthma and skin allergies among bakery workers, a sample of 246 workers from traditional and industrial bakeries were compared with a reference population of 251 workers from a petrochemical plant. Data on skin tests, symptoms and lung function were collected by standardized procedures. It was found that bakery workers did not show more skin test positivity than reference workers (39.4% and 42.6%, respectively). However, they showed a strongly increased risk of sensitization to specific bakery allergens such a wheat flour and α-amylase (odds ratio (OR) 22.0), whereas their risks of positive skin tests to common allergens, including wheat pollen and storage mite, were significantly decreased (OR 0.6). They had significantly more often respiratory symptoms and lower lung function parameters. Atopy and sensitization to bakers' allergens were independent and additional risk factors for work-related symptoms. (102927)
CIS 03-1674 Testicular cancer among Swedish pulp and paper workers. Andersson E., Nilsson R., Torén K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.642-646. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The incidence of testicular cancer has increased in recent decades. The aims of the present study were to determine whether Swedish paper and pulp mill workers had an increased incidence of testicular cancer, and to investigate whether certain occupational groups within the pulp and paper mill workforce were at increased risk. The study was based on the Swedish Cancer Environment Register, which links the incidence of cancer for the period 1971-1990 with 1960 and 1970 National Census data on specific industries and occupations for all employed subjects in Sweden. It was found that among maintenance workers employed both in 1960 and in 1970 in paper mills, there was an increased risk for testicular cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 7.4), especially for seminomas (SIR 10.1). (102506)
CIS 03-1675 Respiratory symptoms in kitchen workers. Svendsen K., Sjaastad A.K., Sivertsen I., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.43, No.4, p.436-439. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: To study the possible association between cooking fumes and respiratory diseases other than cancer, all employees in 67 restaurant kitchens were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding the presence of dyspnoea, serious dyspnoea, cough and respiratory symptoms in connection with work. The study group consisted of 139 women and 100 men. The prevalence of dyspnoea (relative risk RR=4.1), serious dyspnoea (RR=2.9) and symptoms in connection with work (RR=4.3) were significantly higher for women kitchen workers compared to unexposed controls selected from the general population. Among the men, only dyspnoea (RR=1.8) and symptoms in connection with work (RR=2.1) showed an increased prevalence. An analysis of possible predictors for respiratory symptoms in connection with work gave an odds ratio of 3.2 for "working in a restaurant kitchen." (102512)
CIS 03-1676 Cause, type and workers' compensation costs of injury to firefighters. Walton S.M., Conrad K.M., Furner S.E., Samo D.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.43, No.4, p.454-458. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: Work-related injury rates in firefighting exceed those for most other industries. However, little is known about the cost of injury to firefighters. In this study, 1,343 claims collected from workers' compensation records collected in northeastern Illinois (United States) between 1992-1999 were analysed in detail. Regression analysis enabled summary statistics to be presented by cause, nature and cost of injury to firefighters. Overexertion accounted for over one third of all injuries to firefighters, typically involving injuries to the back, and was associated with significantly higher costs than other types of injuries. The per-claim average workers' compensation cost of injury to firefighters was USD 5,168 and the average for injuries caused by overexertion was USD 9,715. Overexertion is a costly source of injury to firefighters, although it can probably be reduced through policy intervention. (102514)
CIS 03-1677 Physician diagnosed asthma, respiratory symptoms, and associations with workplace tasks among radiographers in Ontario, Canada. Liss G.M., Tarlo S.M., Doherty J., Purdham J., Greene J., McCaskell L., Kerr M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.60, No.4, p.254-261. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms among medical radiation technologists (MRTs) and to identify work-related risk factors in the darkroom environment that are associated with these outcomes. Physiotherapists were used as controls. A postal questionnaire was addressed to members of the professional associations of MRTs and physiotherapists in the Province of Ontario, Canada, to ascertain the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and respiratory symptoms in the past 12 months. Information on exposure factors during the past 12 months, such as ventilation conditions, processor leaks, cleanup activities, and use of personal protective equipment was also collected. Analyses were confined to 1110 MRTs and 1523 physiotherapists who never smoked. Findings suggest an increase of work-related asthma and respiratory symptoms among MRTs. The mechanism is not known but appears to be linked with workplace factors and may involve a role for irritant exposures. (102516)
CIS 03-1678 What causes burnout among teachers?. (Spanish: ¿Por qué se están "quemando" los profesores?) Salanova M., Llorens S., García-Renedo M., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2003, No.28, p.16-20. Illus. 16 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The results of a survey carried out among secondary school teachers in two Spanish provinces, aimed at analysing burnout symptoms in this occupation, are summarized. Various factors were taken into consideration, including: negative aspects (technical and social obstacles, mental and emotional overload); positive aspects (autonomy, social support and work atmosphere); effects on psychological well-being; personal resources of teachers. The study shows in particular that women present more symptoms of depression and burnout than men and that the 43-47 age groups have increased depression symptoms and lower job satisfaction. It highlights the importance of preventive actions and proposes the contents of prevention and intervention programmes. (102559)
CIS 03-1679 Effectiveness of a worksite exercise program with respect to perceived work ability and sick leaves among women with physical work. Nurminen E., Malmivaara A., Ilmarinen J., Ylöstalo P., Mutanen P., Ahonen G., Aro T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2002, vol.28, No.2, p.85-93.Illus. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: 260 women (average age: 40 years) engaged in physically demanding laundry work were individually randomized into an intervention (N=133) and a control (N=127) group. The intervention group participated in weekly group exercise sessions at the workplace during eight months. Work ability was assessed by means of questionnaires at 3, 8, 12 and 15 months. Both the intervention and the control subjects were rated on their physical capacity from a physiotherapist. At 12 months, the proportion of workers with good or excellent work ability index increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. There were furthermore no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards job satisfaction or sickness absenteeism. It appears that a weekly physical activity programme at the worksite improves only slightly the work ability of women with physically demanding work. (102797)
CIS 03-1680 Performing arts under the spotlight. (French: Les arts de la scène sous les projecteurs) Travail et bien-être, Dec. 2002, Vol.5, No.5, p.33-37. Illus. (In French) Internet: This article describes in broad terms the new labour-employer agreement for the performing arts sector in the Netherlands. In the context of this agreement, a plan is prepared that refers to the expected physical and psychosocial workloads, amplified noise detrimental to health and the mode of reintegration foreseen in the event of disability. This plan, which constitutes an integral part of the agreement, lists the various activities and their risk factors, and specifies quantitative prevention goals. (102865)
CIS 03-1681 Adverse reproduction outcomes among employees working in biomedical research laboratories. Wennborg H., Bonde J.P., Stenbeck M., Olsen J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.5-11. Illus. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to investigate reproductive outcomes such as birth-weight, pre-term births and post-term births among women working in research laboratories while pregnant. The first births of 249 women working in laboratories and 613 women without laboratory tasks were recorded in the study. Information about exposure to various laboratory agents was obtained from a previous questionnaire investigation. Logistic regression models were used for the analyses of outcomes. Exposure to laboratory work with solvents was associated with an increased risk of pre-term births, the odds ratio (OR) being 3.4. An association with work with bacteria was also observed for post-term births (OR 2.7). (102931)
CIS 03-1682 Technical aids for the occupational rehabilitation of disabled persons. (Polish: Pomoce techniczne w rehabilitacji zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych) Kurkus-Rozowska B., Serafin R., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, May 2003, No.5, p.10-12. Illus. 13 ref. (In Polish) Internet: The PN-EN ISO 9999 standard Technical aids for persons with disabilities - Classification established in 2002 is the Polish version of EN ISO 9999. This standard establishes a classification of technical aids for persons with disabilities and is the basis for the unification of information systems concerning technical aids. It provides for the classification of such equipment according to its function. It covers equipment used individually by disabled persons in all areas of their daily life, taking new technologies into account. Moreover, the standard is the first formal document addressing the problem of testing and certification of technical aids for persons with disabilities and of issuing expert opinions concerning the usability of a given equipment for rehabilitation purposes. (102568)
CIS 03-1683 Systems of employing disabled persons in European Union member States. (Polish: Systemy zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych w państwach Unii Europejskiej) Majewski T., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, May 2003, No.5, p.7-9. Illus. 5 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents the basic principles of the employment policy of disabled persons outlined in EU directives, the systems of employing disabled persons in EU member States, the responsibilities of employers with respect to the hiring of disabled persons and the financial support they can claim when they have done so. (102567)
CIS 03-1684 Guide to safety and health in dock work. International Labour Office, Korean Industrial Safety Corporation, 34-4 Gusandong Bupyong-ku, Inchon 403-711, Republic of Korea, 1997. 249p. Illus. (In Korean) Internet: Korean version of the guide analysed under CIS 79-309. This guide is a collection of explanatory material supplementing the code of practice on safety and health in dock work prepared by a meeting of experts in 1956 on the initiative of the International Labour Office. Contents: general (housekeeping, lighting, ventilation, machinery, etc.); wharfs and quays; means of access to ships; transport of dockers by water; protection of hatchways; access to holds; decks; loading and unloading machinery and gear; loading and unloading operations; lifting, carrying and piling; warehouses and storage depots; dangerous substances and environments; personal protective equipment; medical aid and rescue; personnel facilities; selection and training of dock workers; packaging; nuclear merchant vessels. (102593)
CIS 03-1685 Fatal injuries in farming, forestry and horticulture 2001-2002. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2002. vi, 61p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This is a report on the 41 reportable fatal injuries that occurred in the agricultural sector (farming, forestry, horticulture and associated industries) in Great Britain from April 2001 to March 2002. Statistical data are given by region, main activity in the agricultural sector, accident cause, employment status, month of the year and age. Short descriptions of each fatal accident are provided. An analysis of the trend of fatal injuries for the period 1991/92 to 2001/02 and case studies showing what went wrong and how the accident could have been avoided are presented. The report also presents a summary of the non-fatal injuries in the agricultural sector for the same ten-year period and an estimation of the costs of accidents having occurred 2000/2001 in the agricultural sector. Previous report: see CIS 02-249. (102541)
CIS 03-1686 Work-related fatalities involving tractors in Australia, 1989 to 1992. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC), GPO Box 58, Sydney NSW 2001, Australia, July 2000. viii, 88p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 0-642-43261-9 (In English) Internet: This report on work-related fatalities involving tractors 1989 to 1992 is part of a larger study of all work-related traumatic fatalities in Australia during this period. 144 persons (132 males and 12 females) were fatally injured during this period in separate incidents involving tractors, which account for 5,7% of all work-related deaths. Statistics are given by duty context, age group, jurisdiction, site and activity at the time of the fatal incident and type of incident. Scenarios of the accident and contributing factors are analysed. Recommendations are made regarding equipment safety and design, maintenance of machinery, safe working practices and procedures, training and information. (102544)
CIS 03-1687 Working and ambient conditions of child labour in agriculture: Coffee, Costa Rica. (Spanish: Condiciones y medio ambiente del trabajo infantil en la agricultura: Café, Costa Rica) Alcocer M., Forastieri V., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 111p. Illus., ISBN 92-2-314293-8 (In Spanish) Internet: Coffee growing is an important activity for the Costa Rican economy. Both big and small plantations employ workers and their families, including children and adolescents. Considering that the work may have an effect on the children's physical and mental health, a study was conducted to determine their working conditions and to highlight the hazards they face. Firstly, the risk profiles of the various steps involved in coffee growing were examined, followed by detailed evaluations of the various hazards to which children are exposed. Finally, recommendations are made for the progressive elimination of child labour from coffee growing, where all tasks involve risks to their safety and health. (102896)
CIS 03-1688 Working and ambient conditions of child labour in agriculture: Broccoli, Guatemala. (Spanish: Condiciones y medio ambiente del trabajo infantil en la agricultura: Brócoli, Guatemala) Alcocer M., Forastieri V., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 135p. Illus. 43 ref., ISBN 92-2-3-3A4293-8 (In Spanish) Internet: In Guatemala, 90% of the growers employ children for the various tasks required in the growing of broccoli. Children start working at the age of five and are gradually trained to allow them to be assigned to all phases of production. Considering that the work may have an effect on the children's physical and mental health, a study was conducted to determine their working conditions and to highlight the hazards they face. Firstly, the risk profiles of the various steps involved in broccoli production were examined, followed by detailed evaluations of the various hazards to which children are exposed. Finally, recommendations are made for ensuring compliance with the law prohibiting the work of children under the age of 14. (102897)
CIS 03-1689 Costs of mining safety, and reversing the trend. (Spanish: Costos e inversión en seguridad minera) Instituto de estudios energético mineros (IDEM), Lima, Peru, 1999. 99p, Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The purpose of this study is to highlight the advantages of safety interventions in medium-sized and large Peruvian mines. The study is divided into four parts: statistics of accidents having occurred between 1994 and 1998, by enterprise and cause; defining and identifying the elements that need to be taken into account when calculating the costs of an accident; calculation of the fixed and variable costs for each type of accident and for the mining sector as a whole; analysis of the reversal of the trend achieved thanks to the implementation of safety programmes, compared to the costs of accidents in the absence of such programmes. (102893)
CIS 03-1690 Safety and health in shipbuilding and ship repairing. International Labour Office, Korean Industrial Safety Corporation, 34-4 Gusandong Bupyong-ku, Inchon 403-711, Republic of Korea, 1995. 303p. (In Korean) Internet: Korean version of the code of practice analysed under CIS 76-824, which is the result of the work of a meeting of 17 international experts, convened by the ILO at Gothenburg (Sweden), in December 1972. Contents: general provisions (duties of employers, workers, manufacturers and dealers; general safety and health measures; employment of women and young persons); workplaces, their approaches and equipment; (means of access and egress; heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation; fire and explosion protection; protection against falls of objects and of persons, etc.); scaffolding and staging; ladders, stairs, gangways and ramps; lifting appliances; ropes, chains and accessories; internal combustion engines; hand tools, portable power-driven tools; electricity; pressure plant; dangerous substances and radiations; work in confined spaces and dangerous atmospheres; etc. (102594)
CIS 03-1691 Occupational safety and hygiene measures in tunnelling work in the context of the construction of the A 17 Dresden-Prague motorway. (German: Maßnahmen des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes im Tunnelbau im Zusammenhang mit dem Neubau der Autobahn A 17 Dresden - Prag) Wagner B., Karsch P., Friedrichsen G., Käschel I., Sächsisches Landesinstitut für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Reichsstrasse 39, 09112 Chemnitz, Germany, 2002. 63p. Illus. 29 ref. (In German) Internet: The objective of this study was to examine the working conditions and exposure of workers during the construction of two tunnels on the Dresden-Prague motorway for which new boring technologies were applied, in order to define the safety and hygiene measures to be adopted for future work of a similar nature. Workers are subjected to numerous hazards during boring operations, the placing of explosives, the removing of rubble and gallery consolidation. The study examined in particular the issues of work schedules (working seven days a week, shift rotation, workbreaks), physical workloads, exposure to noise (acoustic pressure level) and whole-body mechanical vibrations, lighting levels and the exposure to harmful substances (fine dust, diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). (102648)
CIS 03-1692 The development of a knowledge based system to deliver health and safety information to designers in the construction industry. Davison J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 78p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2781-0 (In English) Internet: The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is committed to reducing the number of accidents which occur within the construction sector. It is believed that the poor safety and health record can be improved by encouraging designers to give more consideration to safety and health issues during the design stage. This project's aim was to prototype a method of providing designers with easy access to relevant health and safety information, by establishing a means of structuring HSE's information as a Knowledge Based System and delivering it to designers. Recommendations are made for a phased approach to the full implementation of the system. (102714)
CIS 03-1693 Field studies of the effectiveness of concrete repairs - Phase 1 Report: Desk study and literature review; Phase 3 Report: Inspection of sites, sampling and testing at selected repair sites; Phase 3a Report: An investigation of the performance of repairs and cathodic protection (CP) systems at the Dartford West Tunnel; Phase 4 Report: Analysis of the effectiveness of concrete repairs and project findings. Baldwin N.J.R., King E.S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. Ph. 1: viii, 42p. Illus. 69 ref. Price: GBP 10.00. Ph. 3: viii, 234p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: GBP 35.00. Ph. 3a: viii, 27p. Illus. 3 ref. Price: GBP 10.00. Ph. 4: vii, 80p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2783-7 (Ph.1), ISBN 0-7176-2791-8 (Ph.3), ISBN 0-7176-2792-6 (Ph.3a), ISBN 0-7176-2793-4 (Ph.4) (In English) Internet: This series of four reports present the results of various phases of a project aimed at studying the effectiveness of concrete repairs. In phase 1, a literature search was carried out to identify the state of the art with regard to repair materials, methods for selecting and specifying repairs and measurement of effectiveness of repairs. (The report for phase 2 of the project, which involved selecting the locations and procedures for the investigations of carried out in subsequent phases is not published in this series). In phase 3, 65 locations were visited including coastal, river and inland locations. Elements examined included beams, columns, slabs and walls from structures including bridges, tunnels, power stations and other reinforced concrete frame buildings. Investigations involved the collection of samples, visual inspection and non-destructive testing. Phase 3a involved recovery of core samples and their analysis using several specialist techniques. Finally, phase 4 of the project involved site investigations of repairs, and showed that ineffective repairs occurred primarily where the original causes of deterioration had not been addressed, particularly the continued exposure to water, often containing salt. (102716)
CIS 03-1694 Increasing prevention effort - Occupational safety and health in the construction sector in Quebec. (French: Accroître les efforts de prévention - La santé et la sécurité du travail dans la construction au Québec) Brun J.P., Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. 48p. Illus. 48 ref. Price: CAD 5.35., ISBN 2-551-22434-9 (In French) Internet: The number of accidents that occur in the construction sector remains high compared to that of other sectors of activity. This report presents the results of a survey aimed at understanding the reasons behind the application or otherwise of various prevention measures at construction sites. Data were collected during site visits and interviews of workers, supervisors and key participants of the construction sector. The study concludes that the poor safety performance of the construction sector is in a large part due to poor safety management, and not only to the more difficult working conditions than in other sectors. (102767)
CIS 03-1695 Technical comments on safety and health coordination in construction work. (Spanish: Comentarios técnicos sobre la coordinación en materia de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción) Anduiza Arriola R., Rodríguez Gómez F.A., Rosel Ajamil L., Fundación Escuela de la Edificación, Maestro Victoria 3, Madrid, Spain, 2001. 240p. 12 ref., ISBN 84-86957-89-3 (In Spanish) Internet: Coordination of safety and health efforts in construction work is an important requirement of the Act on the prevention of occupational hazards (se CIS 01-601). However, in order to ensure compliance in practice, a detailed analysis is needed of all aspects of the law. This document presents the comments on Spanish legislation that apply to coordination and that define the role of the coordinator. Main topics addressed: role of the safety and health coordinator during the design and construction phases of the project; safety studies and plans; roles of the various participants (owner, designer, builder, subcontractor, safety consultant, manager, safety and health coordinator at the design and construction phases, independent workers). (102894)
CIS 03-1696 The global seafarer - Living and working conditions in a globalized industry. Alderton T., Bloor M., Kahveci E., Lane T., Sampson H., Thomas M., Winchester N., Wu B., Zhao M., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2004. xvi, 208p. Illus. Bibl. ref. Index. Price: CHF 30.00., ISBN 92-2-112713-3 (In English) Internet: This study discusses the impact of globalization on seafarers from the standpoint of recruitment practices, role of trade unions and collective bargaining, training, certification, wages, contracts and tours of duty. A section is devoted to working conditions and occupational hazards. Despite the lack of comprehensive international data, there are indications of high fatality rates from occupational accidents among seafarers. Exposure hazards include those due to toxic substances being transported, and to asbestos in engine rooms. Bullying, loneliness, depression and suicide are also frequent in this population. (102812)
CIS 03-1697 The insecurities of service: Airport check-in workers. Rosskam E., Drewczynski A., Bertolini R., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. x, 61p. Illus. 21 ref., ISBN 92-2-115215-4 (In English) Internet: This study examines the occupational health and safety issues of airport check-in work together with the impact of current management practices and work organization on workers' health. It was conducted in Canada and Switzerland at three airports equipped with workstations considered to be representative of airport designs worldwide. The study involved the collection of data by means of questionnaires, interviews and job observations, and the analysis of compensation records. High rates of musculoskeletal injury were observed, resulting from handling of baggage, awkward postures, and the prolonged work on computers in a constrained space. Other hazards include violence, work scheduling, environmental conditions, and uneven workload distribution. Several recommendations are made in view of improving working conditions for check-in workers. (102813)
CIS 03-1698 Work in the oil industry - Dangerous, complex, continuous and group work. (Portuguese: O trabalho dos petroleiros - Perigoso, complexo, contínuo e coletivo) Ferreira L.L., Iguti A.M., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2003. xxi, 156p. Illus. 14 ref. (In Portuguese) Internet: This study of the activities of oil industry workers in Brazil is based on approximately 50 interviews of workers. It analyses the tasks during the various phases from exploration to distribution, through production, refining, transport and storage. Although the tasks are very diverse, the activities of oil industry workers present the following common traits: work with dangerous substances (flammable, explosive or toxic); treatment of large quantities of products; continuous work; processes carried out in closed systems consisting of equipment and piping; indirect process control; network structure of various parts of the system. It is a complex industry, presenting various hazards and requiring high levels of competence and responsibility. (102554)
CIS 03-1699 The development of risk reduction strategies for the prevention of dermatitis in the UK printing industry. Brown T., Rushton L., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. iv, 76p. Illus. 90 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2751-9 (In English) Internet: The primary objectives of this study were: to identify a range of low cost, practicable and acceptable interventions to reduce the incidence of occupational dermatitis in the UK printing industry; to carry out preliminary testing of the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions on a small scale; to use these preliminary tests to provide information on the variability of the outcomes, which would aid sample size calculations for a future large scale intervention trial; to develop appropriate methodologies for the identification of intervention strategies for use in other occupational and non-occupational situations. This involved a review of the literature of preventative interventions studies in the workplace and the identification of risk reduction interventions specific to the industry through qualitative research, using a series of observational studies and focus groups. (102790)
CIS 03-1700 A summary of health hazard evaluations: Issues related to occupational exposure to fire fighters, 1990 to 2001. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Jan. 2004. v, 27p. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: Fire fighting is one of the more hazardous sectors in the USA. When incidents occur, the NIOSH may be asked to carry out health hazard evaluations (HHEs). This document contains 30 summary reports of HHEs carried out between 1990 and 2001, grouped into six categories: safety and health programmes and procedures; diesel exhaust exposures; forest fire-fighting; chemical diseases; communicable diseases; others. For each case, a concise description of the results is given, together with the requester's name and the purpose of the HHE. (102597)
CIS 03-1701 Temporary employment and health. Virtanen M., Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2003. 74p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 18.00., ISBN 951-802-552-5 (In English) Internet: During the past decade, the increasing need for economic effectiveness and flexibility has caused a decline in the rate of employment in permanent full-time jobs and the increase of temporary and other forms of non-standard employment. However, little is known about the conditions of temporary employment and their effects on health. This study examined the relationships between temporary employment and workers' health, based on data from a study of 4851 hospital employees, together with data from a long-term follow-up study of 92,351 municipal workers. Temporary workers had a lower rate of sickness absence, and health problems were to a lesser extent associated with sickness absence than for permanent workers, which may indicate presenteeism, that is working when ill. In the municipality study, temporary employees had 1.2 to 1.6 higher overall mortality. (102841)
CIS 03-1702 Gender issues in safety and health at work: A review. Kauppinen K., Kumpulainen R., Houtman I., European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2003. 222p. Illus. 510 ref. Price: EUR 25.00., ISBN 92-9191-045-7 (In English) Internet: Achieving gender equality in all aspects of employment is a key European priority. To contribute to this European objective, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work decided to publish this report on gender issues in occupational safety and health within the scope of the Agency's 2002 work programme. The aim of this study is not only to give a clear overview of gender differences in safety and health at work and how they arise, but also to provide information about what this means for prevention and how a gender-sensitive approach can be taken in occupational safety and health. In this way, it is hoped that the report will give strong guidance on what is needed to ensure gender equality in all areas of occupational safety and health in practice and serve as an important contribution to the realization of this key European objective. (102540)
CIS 03-1703 Occupational safety and health manual - Clothing industry. (Portuguese: Manual de segurança e saúde no trabalho - Indústria do vestuário) SESI, Departamento Regional de São Paulo, Av. Paulista 1313, CEP 01311-923, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003. 241p. Illus. 94 ref. Index., ISBN 85-86831-09-3 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual covers the safety and health aspects that are specific to the Brazilian clothing industry. It describes the hazards of this industry and proposes preventive measures aimed at protecting workers and improving productivity. Contents: types of clothing industries; general work organization; types of workers at special risk (children, home workers, women, handicapped persons, elderly workers); risk factors and methods of control; enterprise safety and hygiene committees; determining the risk chart; environmental hazard prevention programmes; medical supervision programmes, profiles of the enterprises examined in the context of a study aimed at providing an overview of the variety of activities in the clothing sector; legal aspects. (102551)
CIS 03-1704 Healthy beginnings: Guidance on safe maternity at work. Paul J., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2004. xi, 108p. Illus. 45 ref. Price: CHF 20.00 ; USD 14.95; GBP 8.95; EUR 16.00. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-2-115238-3 (print version), ISBN 92-2-115239-1 (pdf version) (In English) Internet: This guide examines maternity protection in the workplace. As its starting point, this guide uses the Maternity Protection Convention (No.183) which was adopted by the International Labour Conference in 2000, and in particular, the health protection measures that are foreseen in this Convention and its accompanying Recommendation (No.191). The guide sets out the basic principles and provides a wide range of information on reproductive hazards in various occupational settings and how to prevent them. It considers the various occupational risks in sectors such as agriculture, the textile industry and health care, and provides numerous checklists and sample forms to help identify and assess risks. (102814)
CIS 03-1705 The gender workplace health gap in Europe. (French: La santé des femmes au travail en Europe - Des inégalités non reconnues) Vogel L., European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 5 Bd du Roi Albert II, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, 2003. 341p. Illus. Approx. 500 ref. Price: EUR 20.00., ISBN 2-930003-48-0 (fr), ISBN 2-930003-49-9 (En) (In English, French) Internet: Generally speaking, women's issues are absent from health and safety policies: the hazards involved are either unknown or underestimated, and priorities are defined in male-dominated sectors and occupations. This publication presents the results of a survey carried out by the European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUBT) in the 15 EU countries aimed at assessing the extent with which gender issues are included in health and safety and to identify practical experiences involving health and safety actions at the workplace that take gender issues into account. Contents: main outcomes of the TUTB survey; the state of knowledge; policy situation; nine case studies. (102870)
CIS 03-1706 New developments in vocational guidance for school pupils. (German: Neue Entwicklungen in der Berufsorientierung für Schülerinnen und Schüler) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 99p. Illus. Price: EUR 11.00., ISBN 3-86509-004-4 (In German) Internet: Representatives of the Ministries of Education and Employment, members of various enterprises, teachers as well as professionals of vocational education participated in this workshop on new perspectives and possibilities of vocational guidance with reference to the new German regulations concerning vocational guidance. Participants debated issues of educational policies, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), further cooperation between schools, enterprises and the labour exchange, and the consequences of the changes in labour world for the system of education. (102959)
CIS 03-1707 Work aptitude in 2010. (German: Arbeitsfähigkeit 2010) Ilmarinen J., Tempel J., VSA-Verlag, St Georgs Kirchhof 6, 20099 Hamburg, Germany, 2002. 359p. Illus. 136 ref. Index. Price: EUR 20.40., ISBN 3-87975-840-9 (In German) Internet: This publication presents a overview of current knowledge in the area of man's aptitude to work and the challenges faced by enterprises due to the inversion of the age pyramid causing an increase in the average age of workers. It is divided into three parts. The first part describes the changes in the world of work, the issues at stake and the problems that enterprises will face in the future. The second part presents practical experiences and results of research in the fields of health, work aptitude, refresher training and work organization of older workers. The third part is devoted to the future of enterprises and emphasizes the importance of human and social capital as well as "age management". (102965)
CIS 03-1708 Slips and trips: Summary guidance for the catering industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2002. 4p. 2 ref. (In English) Internet: Slips account for about 86% of the total slip and trip accidents. In 90% of the cases, the floor is wet. This information sheet lists the various causes of slips and trips (environmental, organizational, individual or shoe factors) and practical measures for slip risk control in each situation. Reprinted with updated references (replaces CIS 01-251). (102675)
CIS 03-1709 Mobile phone antennae maintenance and repair technicians. (French: Le technicien d'exploitation d'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile) Beaucousin M., Borel P., Goudifa P., Goujon E., Hubert O., Klarsy D., Mageau E., Mignot G., Redor F., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 2004, Vol.44, No.1, 2p. Insert. 4 ref. (In French) Internet: Contents of this occupational medicine data sheet on the job of mobile phone antenna maintenance and repair technicians: general characteristics of the job; technical and organizational characteristics; constraints and working conditions (related to the working environment, climatic and geographic conditions, work organization, tasks and equipment); hazard evaluation methods (metrology); health hazards and occupational diseases; prevention; medical supervision; regulations; work aptitude. (102862)
CIS 03-1710 Prevention of occupational hazards in aquaculture. (Spanish: Prevención de riesgos laborales en acuicultura) García Puente N.E., Carro Martínez P., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note lists the various hazards present in aquaculture together with the preventive measures for reducing these hazards. Contents: definitions of aquaculture in general and of its constituent sectors; specific hazards (handling of loads, falls on the level, risks due to hot working climates, to diving activities and to boats, risks to health due to poor hygiene and insalubrious workplaces, general risks) and corresponding preventive measures. (102633)
CIS 03-1711 Prevention of occupational hazards in small-scale coastal fishing. (Spanish: Prevención de riesgos laborales en la pesca de bajura: artes menores) Carro Martínez P., García Puente N.E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The incidence of accidents in the small-scale coastal fishing sector is relatively high due to the absence of sufficient resources for ensuring safety and to the lack of crew training. This information note describes the hazards related to this sector of activity as well as the preventive measures aimed at reducing the risks. Contents: various types of coastal fishing (using normal nets, hooks, traps and bow nets); general hazards from boats (mechanical, electrical, chemical, physical, biological, fire, hazards while on the deck); preventive measures; personal lifesaving equipment. (102634)
CIS 03-1712 Keeping cattle in fields with public access. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2002. 2p. (In English) Internet: The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (CIS 02-1507) require that employers and the self-employed assess the risks from their work activities to which employees or others are exposed. This information sheet describes the major potential hazards associated with keeping cattle, including bulls, in fields with public access. Contents: legal aspects; planning and actions to be taken before putting cattle in fields with public access; signs to inform the public when a bull is in the field. Update of CIS 98-181. (102672)
CIS 03-1713 Lead acid battery charging workshops. (Spanish: Locales de carga de baterías de acumuladores eléctricos de plomo-ácido sulfúrico) Turmo Sierra E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 7p. Illus. 19 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the hazards from working in lead acid battery charging workshops. Contents: description of lead acid batteries; risks related to working with batteries; release of hydrogen; control of ignition sources; precautions for preventing sulfuric acid spills; safety measures to be taken during the handling of batteries and equipment; equipment layout in charging workshops, safety and hygiene in charging workshops (charging equipment, ventilation, acid spills, collective and personal protective equipment, signalling, training of workers, emergency planning). (102666)
CIS 03-1714 Safety briefing handbook for shipyard supervisors. Association of Singapore Marine Industries (ASMI), Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 26p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This handbook aimed at frontline supervisors provides guidance for conducting effective safety briefings for workers carrying out jobs in shipyards, in order to ensure that workers are briefed on safety matters. Topics covered: personal protective equipment; housekeeping; hand tools; mechanical hazards; manual lifting; permits-to-work system; confined spaces; electrical safety; falling hazards; drowning hazards; falling object hazards; fire and explosion hazards; health hazards. (102700)
CIS 03-1715 Code of practice for demolition. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 2002. 57p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: SGD 54.00., ISBN 9971-67-909-4 (In English) Internet: Demolition is a skilled and sometimes dangerous operation which requires special procedures if it is to be carried out successfully. This code of practice represents a standard of good practice. It is aimed at all persons involved or engaged in demolition, or in the preparation, supervision and execution of demolition contracts. It includes the current practices and statutory requirements on demolition work and incorporates the new requirements for safety and health, waste minimization and recycling in relation to demolition work. (102693)
CIS 03-1716 Explanation of the Construction Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (COHSMS) Guidelines. (Japanese: Kensetsu-gyō rōdō anzen eisei manejimento shisutemu gaidorain no kaisetsu) Japan Construction Safety and Health Association (JCSHA), 5-35-1, Shiba, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2000. 193p. Illus. (In Japanese) Internet: This manual reproduces both the guidelines and detailed explanations of their provisions. Contents of the Guidelines: scope and definitions; general requirement at business offices; general requirements at project sites. (102991)
CIS 03-1717 The Construction Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (COHSMS) Guidelines & COHSMS External System Evaluation by JCSHA. Japan Construction Safety and Health Association (JCSHA), 5-35-1, Shiba, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, [c2003]. 17p. Illus. (In English) Internet: English-language version of the manual containing the guidelines: scope and definitions; general requirement at business offices; general requirements at project sites. The procedure for external system evaluation is also provided. The Japanese-language version of the Guidelines is analysed under CIS 03-1716. (102992)
CIS 03-1718 Safety and health in dock work. Code of practice. (Russian: Tehnika bezopasnosti i gigiena truda na portovyh rabotah) International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, rev.ed., 1981. 172p. Illus. Index., ISBN 92-2-101593-9 (In Russian) Internet: This code takes account of developments in dock work during the two decades since the first 1958 edition (e.g. freight containers, "Ro-Ro" system, sophisticated lifting and loading equipment in new ocean terminals). It is intended for use both in conventional and modern dock facilities. Contents: definitions; lighting, hand tools, fire protection; access to ships and holds; lifting appliances and other cargo-handling appliances; mobile cranes; ship's cargo pulley blocks; ship's derricks; winches; wire rope; man-made and natural fibre rope; pulley blocks for fibre ropes; ship's cargo lifts; movement of vehicles on board ship; freight container terminals (access, etc.); vacuum lifting devices; magnetic lifting devices; fork-lift trucks; loose gear; flat belt slings; stacking and storage; warehouses; dock railways; dangerous substances and environments; personal protective equipment; medical aid; occupational health services; personal facilities; selection and training of dockworkers; safety and health organization; reporting and investigation of occupational accidents and diseases. In appendices: testing and inspection of lifting appliances and loose gear; test loading; factor of safety; steel quality grade mark; heat treatment of wrought iron; marking of single-sheave blocks. (102975)
CIS 03-1719 Priorities for health and safety in the biscuit manufacturing industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2002. 4p. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note identifies the principal causes of accidents in the biscuit industry, compares accident incidence rates with other industries, and provides guidance on safety measures in the form of a safety checklist. Preventive measures relate to: slips and trips; handling; falls; machinery; in-plant transport; exposure to harmful substances. Reprint of the information note on the biscuit industry included in the set of notes analysed under CIS 97-855, with updated references. (102652)
CIS 03-1720 Manual on the prevention of occupational hazards among disabled persons. (Spanish: Manual de prevención de riesgos laborales en discapacidad) Consejo Comunal de la Discapacidad de Ñuñoa, Los Tres Antonios 1650, Ñuñoa Chile, 2002. 136p, Illus. 52 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This manual on the prevention of hazards is aimed at enterprises that employ disabled workers. It was prepared in the context of a campaign for the reinsertion of disabled persons in productive work, while at the same time ensuring good working conditions and the prevention of occupational hazards. Contents: definition of disability and the various types of disability; various aspects of the prevention of hazards (proportionality principle, causes of accidents and near misses and their consequences, cost of accidents); practical aspects of various prevention topics (analysis of accident causes, safety inspections, accident prevention records, personal protective equipment, hand tools, manual handling, housekeeping, emergency planning, fire fighting, first aid). Appendices include summary instruction sheets for the organization of safety meetings on various prevention topics. (102898)
CIS 03-1721 Diving in benign conditions, and in pools, tanks, aquariums and helicopter underwater escape training. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Dec. 2001. 2p. 7 ref. (In English) Internet: Diving at work is subject to the provisions of the Diving at Work Regulations 1997 (see CIS 97-1785). This information sheet deals with the application of these regulations where diving work is carried out in closed artificial environments. Contents: diving in benign conditions; diving in swimming pools; diving in tanks; diving in aquariums; diving in helicopter underwater escape training; equivalence of recreational diving qualifications. (102679)
CIS 03-1722 Systematic safety - Practical organization of safety and health at work. (German: Sicher mit System - Arbeitschutz praxisgerecht organisieren) Steinbruchs-Berufsgenossenschaft (StBG), Theodeor-Heuss-Straße 160, 30853 Langenhagen, Germany, 2002. CD-ROM. (In German) Internet: Published by the German mutual insurance against occupational accidents in quarries, the purpose of this CD-ROM is to improve the organization of occupational safety and health in the quarrying sector. It includes applicable regulations, codes of practice aimed at the better organization of occupational safety and health within the enterprise, check lists for verifying the implementation of preventive measures and highlighting weaknesses or gaps, advice for the implementation of systems for quality management (ISO 9000) or occupational safety and health management (ILO) as well as a list of specialists that can provide support over the phone. Statistics of occupational accidents in this sector are also presented. (102641)
CIS 03-1723 Quarrying CD-ROM - 2003. (German: StBG rom - 2003) Steinbruchs-Berufsgenossenschaft (StBG), Theodeor-Heuss-Straße 160, 30853 Langenhagen, Germany, 2003. CD-ROM. (In German) Internet: Published by the German mutual insurance against occupational accidents in quarries, the purpose of this CD-ROM is to improve the organization of occupational safety and health in the quarrying sector. Topics addressed include: enterprises having received the award for occupational safety and health promotion and their achievements; list of useful contacts; sheets for calculating various prevention criteria; library of safety symbols; worksheets and forms; information concerning machinery used in the building products industry; occupational safety and health regulations. (102642)
CIS 03-1724 7th international symposium on maritime health. (Spanish: 7º Simposio internacional sobre la salud en el sector marítimo) International Maritime Health Association, CIS, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. CD-ROM., ISBN 84-607-7464-3 (In English, Spanish) Internet: This CD-ROM of the 7th international symposium on maritime health held in Tarragona, Spain, 22 to 26 April 2003, contains all the documentation handed before and during the symposium (programme, list of participants, papers presented in PDF format, pictures, etc.). Main topics covered: maritime medicine history; emergency medicine on board; standards in seafarers' fitness examinations; infectious diseases; cruise medicine; divers fitness examinations; occupational accidents and diseases; occupational health in the fishing sector; vaccination and travel medicine for seafarers. (102613)
CIS 03-1725 Improving safety and health in the European meat processing industry. (Italian: Miglioramento della salute e sicurezza del lavoro nell'industria europea della carne; Spanish: Mejora de la seguridad y la salud laboral en las industrias cárnicas europeas) Federación Agroalimentaria de CO.OO., Plaza Christino Martos 4, 28015 Madrid, Spain, 2003. CD-ROM (needs Windows 98, screen resolution min. 800x600px, Microsoft Word, Micosoft Explorer and Acrobat Reader). (In English, Italian, Spanish) Internet: The purpose of this CD-ROM is to help improve the occupational safety and health culture within SMEs in the meat processing sector. It contains training materials as well as informative documents and examples of on good practices with respect to occupational safety and health in the meat processing sector in Europe. Main topics covered: repetitive strain injury; monotonous work; protection against cuts; work posture; manual handling; ergonomic evaluation; changes to be made in work organization; implementation at the national level of the European Framework Directive. (102891)
CIS 03-1726 NIOSH safety checklist program for schools and other safety databases. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Oct. 2003. CD-ROM for PC (Windows) or MAC (OS9 or higher). (In English) Internet: This checklist programme on CD-ROM is based on 82 safety checklists covering all OSHA and EPA regulations. It is aimed at educators, professors, supervisors and superintendents of community colleges, high schools, career and technical schools and universities to assist them in maintaining safe classrooms, shops, and labs for teachers and students. The CD-ROM also contains safety and health information and databases on other topics (agriculture, asbestos, construction, ergonomics, etc.) as well as numerous of Internet links to useful agencies and organizations. (102591)
CIS 03-1727 Working on VDU screens and ocular pathologies. (Spanish: El trabajo con ordenador (PDV) y la patología ocular) Aliende García P., Idoate García V.M., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.191, p.27-36. 17 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This survey was carried out for highlighting the possible relationship between working on visual display unit (VDU) screens and ocular pathologies. A 27-item questionnaire administered to 97 persons working on screens was analysed. Results show that the relationship between work on screens and ocular symptoms is not statistically significant. However, two dominant symptoms were highlighted: visual fatigue and irritation of the conjunctiva. (102729)
CIS 03-1728 Ergonomic conditions and VDU eye syndrome in relation to the use of computer screens. (Spanish: Condiciones ergonómicas y síndrome ocular de las pantallas de visualización de datos) Ursunáriz Sala P., Santos Jiménez I., Vallejo San Juan A., García Feijoo J., Castillo Gómez A., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.190, p.61-70. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: With the increasing use of computers, a condition called VDU eye syndrome is becoming more frequent. In this study, a survey was conducted among 150 employees working in the administration department of a hospital without prior ocular pathologies. Ocular symptoms were evaluated by means of a questionnaire. An ergonomic study of the workstations of employees with ocular symptoms was then carried out. 91.1% were women. A large majority worked at screens placed at a distance of over 60cm. The ergonomics of workstations are consequently of key importance for avoiding ocular problems. A series of organizational and technical measures are proposed for improving workstation ergonomics. (102726)
CIS 03-1729 Thermovision systems in automobiles?. (Polish: Czy termowizja znajdzie zastosowanie w samochodach?) Owczarek G., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.18-20. Illus. 10 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article discusses some of the problems associated with using thermovision systems in cars. The main aim of these systems is to improve road safety and comfort during night driving and when visibility is low. (102576)
CIS 03-1730 Effects of ergonomic intervention in work with video display units. Ketola R., Toivonen R., Häkkänen M., Luukkonen R., Takala E.P., Viikari-Juntura E., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.18-24. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: This study evaluated the effect of an intensive ergonomic approach and education on workstation changes and musculoskeletal disorders among workers who used a video display unit (VDU). The 124 subjects were allocated into three groups (intensive ergonomics, ergonomic education, reference) using stratified random sampling. The evaluation involved questionnaires, a diary of discomfort, measurements of workload and an ergonomic rating of the workstations. The intensive and training groups showed less musculoskeletal discomfort than the reference group after two months of follow-up. Positive effects were seen primarily for the shoulder, neck and upper back areas. Both the intensive ergonomics approach and education in ergonomics help reduce discomfort in VDU work. In attempts to improve the physical ergonomics of VDU workstations, the best result will be achieved with cooperative planning in which both workers and practitioners are actively involved. (102933)
CIS 03-1731 Association between duration of daily VDT use and subjective symptoms. Nakazawa T., Okubo Y., Suwazono Y., Kobayashi E., Komine S., Kato N., Nogawa K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.42, No.5, p.421-426. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: Although visual display unit (VDU) work has become a common task among office workers, surveys which would help to determine the allowable duration of daily VDU use are limited. In this study, more than 25,000 workers were investigated three times over a three-year period using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical symptoms score increased with increasing duration of daily VDU use without a threshold effect. Mental and sleep-related symptom scores of the workers using VDUs for more than five hours per day were significantly higher than those of the groups using VDUs for shorter periods. In this case, the relationship was non-linear with a threshold effect at five hours per day. (102834)
CIS 03-1732 Learning from incidents involving E/E/PE systems - Part 1 - Review of methods and industry practice; Part 2 - Recommended scheme; Part 3 - Guidance examples and rationale. Bishop P.G., Bloomfield R.E., Emmet L.O., Johnson C., Black W., Hamilton V., Koorneef K., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. Part 1: viii, 68p. Illus. 35 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Part 2: viii, 57p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Part 3: x, 78p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2787-X (Part 1), ISBN 0-7176-2789-6 (Part 2), ISBN 0-7176-2790-X (Part 3) (In English) Internet: The overall objective of this project was to create a scheme for learning from incidents that involve electrical, electronic or programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems. Part 1 reviews existing learning processes and causal analysis techniques, examines industry practice and makes recommendations for a new scheme. Part 2 presents the recommended scheme and Part 3 gives accompanying guidance, examples and rationale. (102717)
CIS 03-1733 50 questions concerning work at screens. (French: Le travail sur écran en 50 questions) Cail F., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 3rd ed., May 2000. 29p. Illus. Price: EUR 5.10., ISBN 2-85599-890-5 (In French) Internet: This practical ergonomic guide consists of a compilation of 50 questions frequently asked by persons working on computer screens. For each question, it provides one or several solutions, ranked where possible by their ergonomic quality. (102760)
CIS 03-1734 Comparison by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy of two samples of α quartz with the NIST SRM 1878a α quartz. Kauffer E., Moulut J.C., Masson A., Protois J.C., Grzebyk M., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2002, vol.46, No.4, p.409-421. Illus. 27 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to compare the X-ray diffraction patterns and infrared spectra of two samples of α quartz (QUIN1 and QUIN2) with that of NIST SRM 1878a α quartz certified as being 100% crystalline. The α quartz was sampled on filters using a Dorr-Oliver cyclone to select particle size. Changing the airflow rate of the cyclone in the range 1.2-2.8L/min allowed the volume median diameter of the sampled particles to be varied. For the four strongest diffraction lines, it was observed that the intensity per mass unit increased with the median diameter of the particles. For infrared spectrometry in wavelengths close to 12.5µm, it was observed that the absorbance per mass unit decreased as particle size increased. The opposite effect was noted in wavelengths >14.4µm. Compared with SRM 1878a α quartz, the purity of QUIN1 α quartz was 93.1% when measured by X-ray diffraction and 91.5% when measured by infrared spectrophotometry. In the case of QUIN2 α quartz the purity was globally lower. (102794)
CIS 03-1735 Passive sampler used for simultaneous measurement of breathing zone size distribution, inhalable dust concentration and other size fractions involving large particles. Schneider T., Schlünssen V., Vinzents P.S., Kildesø J., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.187-195. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: The particle size-dependent sampling velocity of the passive dust sampler developed by Vinzents is investigated under field conditions. From the sampling velocity, the airborne mass per diameter interval is calculated from samples obtained in the wood industry. A total dust sampling characteristic can be fitted which reproduces measured total dust with a closed face monitor. The results of this study demonstrate the validity of the passive dust sampling principle in environments involving even large (>100µm) particles and the potential to predict the concentration of several size fractions. (102805)
CIS 03-1736 Performance testing of three portable, direct-reading dust monitors. Thorpe A., Walsh P.T., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.197-207. Illus. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: Three portable direct-reading dust monitors (DataRam, HAM and Microdust) were tested in a recirculating dust tunnel and a calm air dust chamber against a range of industrial dusts with different size distributions in order to investigate sources of variation in their responses. Their calibration factors depended on particle size, particle composition and air velocity. If particle size and air velocity do not change significantly then the calibration factor can be applied to the monitor readings to give an accurate measure of dust concentration. The DataRam and HAM monitors, factory calibrated against respirable dust concentration, were found to agree closely, whereas the Microdust monitor gave higher readings, having been factory calibrated against total suspended particulate concentration. The calibration of the DataRam was significantly altered by either contamination of the optics with dust or by cleaning the optics. (102806)
CIS 03-1737 Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey. Elci O.C., Akpinar-Elci M., Blair A., Dosemeci M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 2002, Vol.28, No.4, p.278-284. 46 ref. (In English) Internet: Among 7631 cancer cases from the Okmeydani Hospital, Istanbul, between 1979 and 1984, 958 larynx cancer cases were identified among men. After exclusions, 940 laryngeal cancer cases and 1519 referents were available. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain basic information on the patients. A job-exposure matrix was developed for occupational dusts, including silica, asbestos, wood, cotton, and grain, and age-, smoking-, and alcohol-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate risks of laryngeal cancer. An excess of laryngeal cancer occurred for workers potentially exposed to silica and cotton dust, particularly for supraglottic cancer (OR 1.8, for silica and OR 1.6, for cotton dust), and there was a significant dose-response relationship with silica exposure. (102915)
CIS 03-1738 Effectiveness of local exhaust systems. (Polish: Skuteczność urządzeń wentylacji miejscowej wywiewnej) Gliński M., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.24-28. Illus. 11 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents current standardization efforts for evaluating the parameters connected with the emission of airborne dust from machinery and devices and assessing the effectiveness of exhaust ventilation systems. It discusses methods used in Germany and Poland. The results of measurements of the emission of dust generated during machining using hand-held power tools and a bench grinder are presented, as well as results of testing the effectiveness of dust removal by local exhaust systems. (102578)
CIS 03-1739 Influence of push element geometry on the capture efficiency of push-pull ventilation systems in surface treatment tanks. Marzal F., González E., Miñana A., Baeza A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2002, vol.46, No.4, p.383-393. Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: A full-scale installation which simulates a surface treatment tank provided with a push-pull ventilation system was designed. This study examines the influence of the geometry of the push element on the capture efficiency of the system. Among the key findings: the capture efficiency increases with the number of holes because of the continuous curtain formed, the size of the holes having no significant effect within the range studied (5-20mm diameter); the push element is best supported on the tank wall so that no air from outside penetrates below the emitting jets because in this way the impact of the curtain on the tank occurs earlier and losses are less; the best results are obtained when the holes are directed downwards towards the tank surface at an angle of between 22 and 45°. (102792)
CIS 03-1740 Nitro derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. (Polish: Nitrowe pochodne wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych w środowisku) Makhniashvili I., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.17-20. Illus. 9 ref. (In Polish) Internet: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro derivatives (nitro-PAHs) are present in the environment. They are derived from products of natural origin, and are also formed as a result of thermal processes. These compounds are classified as harmful, carcinogenic and mutagenic. They pollute the atmosphere, the workplace air and various other parts of the environment. (102563)
CIS 03-1741 Substances emitted from burning candles. (Polish: Substancje emitowane z palących się świec) Makles Z., Pośniak M., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.28-31. 10 ref. (In Polish) Internet: The article presents information on the hazards from excessive use of candles for illumination. When candles burn, harmful substances including soot, benzene, toluene, aldehydes and in some cases metal oxides and other combinations of substances are emitted. Health protection requires limiting the number of candles burning indoors at the same time to an indispensable minimum. (102579)
CIS 03-1742 Future European Union strategy for chemical substances and preparations. (Spanish: Estrategia para la futura política de la Unión europea en materia de sustancias y preparados químicos) Fernández García R., Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 2004, No.167, p.28-41. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The European Union has proposed a new regulatory framework for chemicals entitled REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) according to which enterprises producing or importing more than one ton of a chemical substance each year will be required to register the substance in a centralized database. This article presents the strategy of the European policy with regard to chemicals, in particular the REACH system, and discusses the changes it implies for the chemical industry, the timing for its implementation and its economic impact. (102615)
CIS 03-1743 Occupational accidents caused by chemical agents in Navarra in 2000. (Spanish: Accidentes de trabajo producidos por agentes químicos en Navarra durante el año 2000) Cilveti M.S., Cipriaín C., Lezaun M., Artieda L., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.188-189, p.61-68. 16 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Based on occupational accident records, this study examines accidents caused by chemical agents in the province of Navarra, Spain, during 2000. This type of occurrence of which there were 159, represents 1.05% of all occupational accidents. 30.11% of these accidents were caused by at least two substances. Metallurgy and metalworking industries showed the highest incidence rates, and the most cases were found among construction workers and labourers. Substances which caused the highest number of accidents were compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, substances containing halogens, in particular sodium hypochlorite, followed by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The most frequent injuries were burns (44.03%) and the most frequent location of injury was the eyes (59.75%). (102723)
CIS 03-1744 Hepatotoxicity associated with overexposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123). Boucher R., Hanna C., Rusch G.M., Stidham D., Swan E., Vazquez M., AIHA Journal, Jan.-Feb. 2003, Vol.64, No.1, p.68-79. Illus. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: When 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) was introduced as a precision cleaning agent in a controlled operation, marked elevations in serum alanine transaminase and serum aspartase transaminase were noted in exposed workers. Personal and area samples collected after the liver abnormalities were identified ranged from 5-12ppm. Exposure data were not available for the period when the abnormalities are suspected to have developed. Modeling using the entire building as a homogenous box estimated 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) exposures of 10-35ppm. Modeled estimates of work area and air exchange rates indicated that exposed workers in the degreaser area could have experienced peak levels of 635-2100ppm (8-hour TWA). (102738)
CIS 03-1745 Effect on blood lead of airborne lead particles characterized by size. Park D.U., Paik N.W., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.237-243. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: Worker exposure to airborne lead particles was evaluated for a total of 117 workers of four different industries in Korea. The particle sizes were measured using 8-stage cascade impactors worn by the workers. Mass median aerodynamic diameters and size distributions as a function of airborne lead (PbA) concentration were determined by type of industry. Blood lead (PbB) levels of workers were also examined. The results indicate PbB correlated better with respirable lead concentrations than with PbA which implies that the contribution of respirable lead particles to lead absorption is greater than that of PbA. This study concludes that the measurement of PbA only may not properly reflect a worker's exposure to lead particles with diverse characteristics. For the evaluation of a worker's exposure to various types of lead particles, it is recommended that respirable lead particles as well as PbA be measured. (102809)
CIS 03-1746 Efficiency of 22 online databases in the search for physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological information on chemicals. Guerbet M., Guyodo G., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.261-268. Illus. 7 ref. (In English) Internet: Twenty-two databases publicly accessible on the Internet were evaluated. 27 major physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological criteria and 14 compounds belonging to seven different chemical classes were selected and formed the basis for queries of all the databases. None of the 22 databases indexed the 14 chemicals; the best score was 13 (average 7.2), but there were wide variations in the quality of information, most being poorly documented. Two categories clearly stand out, namely specialized and non-specialized databases. The HSDB database is the most efficient general database to be searched first, because it is well documented for most of the 27 criteria. However, some specialized databases (i.e. EXTOXNET, SOLVEDB, etc.) must be included in a secondary search to find additional information. (102810)
CIS 03-1747 Biological monitoring: A new device for urine sampling. (French: Surveillance biologique: vers un nouveau dispositif de recueil urinaire) Simon P., André F., Delsaut P., Kivistö H., Gendre C., Fabre N., Lafontaine M., Laroche M., Nicot T., Park I., Reiser T., Salignac P., Stines A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 2003, No.93, p.35-53. Illus. 17 ref. (In French) Internet: Collecting urine samples for the purposes of biological monitoring generally involves the use of flasks, tubes or syringes for storage and shipment to analytical laboratories. For most of the substances to be analysed, it is of key importance to ensure a cold chain and prompt shipments. The objective of this project was to develop a simple mechanical device for collecting urine samples that would do away with the constraints of having to pack and ship liquid samples. This device was adapted to various metabolites through the use of a trapping support capable of ensuring their conservation. This method was then evaluated in industrial settings for the monitoring of workers exposed to carbon disulfide, benzene, styrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (102876)
CIS 03-1748 The asbestos war. Kazan-Allen L., ed., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, July-Sep. 2003, Vol.9, No.3, p.173-298 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Asbestos is still being sold despite overwhelming evidence linking it to debilitating and fatal disease. This issue on asbestos-related problems covers following aspects: the fight to ban asbestos; scientific controversy; statistics of malignant mesothelioma in Australia; legal actions for compensation in South Africa and France; history of asbestos mining in Southern Africa; cross-country comparative overview of the asbestos situation in ten Asian countries; asbestos-related morbidity in India; impact of asbestos waste around the Roro hills, India, on the neighbouring population's health; asbestos situation in Japan, Korea, Mexico and Belgium; globalization and the transfer of a hazardous industry. (102908)
CIS 03-1749 Biological effects of asbestos: New York Academy of Sciences 1964. Greenberg M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2003, Vol.43, No.5, p.543-552. 34 ref. (In English) Internet: Today, asbestos is no longer seen as a material indispensable on technical grounds and a mainstay of industry and the economy. Its progressive banning in developed countries may be seen as the consequence of the momentum initiated in New York in 1964, when the New York Academy of Sciences held a conference that was to promote the slow decline in the fortunes of asbestos and which is retrospectively reviewed in the present article. Very little new data were presented at the conference, but by bringing together a compendium of knowledge of the adverse effects of asbestos, it served further notice to asbestos-using industry of the major public health problem that they had created. With the assistance of its employees and certain scientists, industry mounted public relations exercises to counter the adverse publicity of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. Attempts were made to minimize the impact of these diseases by suggesting that their alleged associations with asbestos were spurious. (102920)
CIS 03-1750 Definition of a danger perception index based on odour perception. (Dutch: Geurwaarneming: een acuut gezondheidsgevaar? Over het gebruik van de Gevaar Waarnemingsindex (GWI)) Wibowo A., Van Doorn R., Zawierko J., Médecine du travail & Ergonomie / Arbeidsgezondheitszorg & Ergonomie, 2003, Vol.XL, No.1, p.25-31. 9 ref. (In Dutch) Internet: The nose is often more sensitive than measuring instruments for detecting the presence of low concentrations of chemical substances in air. However, olfactory perception is subjective, and at best a semi-quantitative method. This article describes the development of a "danger perception index" (Gevaar Waarnemingsindex (GWI)) for substances having an odour perception threshold. The GWI is defined as a ratio between the intervention limit (or in its absence the 15min short-term exposure limit) and the odour detection threshold. Substances with high GWI have greater warning ability than those with a low GWI. Tables provide GWIs for around 100 commonly-used chemicals and their classification into one of three groups according to their GWI. (The contents of this article have also been published in Arbomagazine (ISSN 0929-0079), 2003, No.2, p.44-47). (102971)
CIS 03-1751 How accurate are the European Union's classifications of chemical substances. Rudén C., Hansson S.O., Toxicology Letters, 2003, No. 144, p.159-172. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: The European Commission has decided on harmonized classifications for a large number of chemicals according to its own directive for classification and labelling of dangerous substances. This article compares the harmonized classifications for acute oral toxicity available in the RTECS database. Of the 992 substances eligible for this comparison, 15% were assigned a too low danger class and 8% a too high danger class according to the RTECS criteria. There is insufficient information available to draw general conclusions on the causes of these discrepancies. It is proposed that the scientific bases for future classifications be published and that the apparent misclassification be explained or rectified. (102972)
CIS 03-1752 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: A review of epidemiological and pathological evidence. Hnizdo E., Vallyathan V., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.60, No.4, p.237-243. Illus. 83 ref. (In English) Internet: Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. This article reviews recent epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in workers exposed to silica dust. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may nonetheless cause chronic bronchitis, emphysema and/or small airways disease, all of which can result in airflow obstruction even in the absence of radiologically-diagnosed silicosis. (102515)
CIS 03-1753 Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: An analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States. Calvert G.M., Rice F.L., Boiano J.M., Sheehy J.W., Sanderson W.T., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2003, Vol.60, No.2, p.122-129. 88 ref. (In English) Internet: This matched case-control study was carried out to investigate the relationship between exposure to silica and a number of diseases generally associated with exposure to silica. Data were collected from the United States National Occupational Mortality Surveillance system. Cases were subjects whose death certificate mentioned the disease of interest. Control groups consisted of subjects whose death certificate did not mention any of several diseases reported to be associated with crystalline silica exposure. Subjects were assigned into a qualitative crystalline silica exposure category based on the occupation mentioned on their death certificate. Cases with detectable crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. A significant trend of increasing risk with increasing silica exposure was observed for these same conditions and for lung cancer. Those with the highest exposure to crystalline silica had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, lung cancer, COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis. Finally, those with silicosis had a significantly increased risk for COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. (102585)
CIS 03-1754 Evaluation of the risk of occurrence of benign asbestos-related diseases (dose-response relationship, time-response relationship and co-factors). (Spanish: Evaluación del riesgo de que se produzcan patologías asbestósicas benignas (relación dosis-efecto, relación tiempo-efecto y cofactores)) Letourneux M., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.191, p.87-96. 70 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Despite the lack of precision of asbestos exposure assessments and the limitations of the main diagnostic tool (standard X ray films), several issues concerning the risk of development of asbestos-related diseases are well established. For asbestosis, now a rare disease, the existence of a positive dose-response relationship, with a threshold or no-effect level, has been clearly demonstrated. The slope of the relationship curve is steeper for amphiboles than for chrysotile, as it is for increased fibre length. Asbestosis is associated with an increased risk of bronchial carcinoma; however it is now known that exposure to asbestos increases the risk of cancer even in the absence of any radiographic signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Pleural plaques occur even when the level of asbestos exposure is low. They are not only dose-dependant but are also latency-related. They have no prognostic significance in asbestos-exposed workers, but are associated with an increased risk for the subsequent development of mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma when compared to the risk of the general population. Diffuse pleural thickening is associated with higher levels of asbestos exposure than those associated with pleural plaques. (102730)
CIS 03-1755 Detection of occupational allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing. Li L.F., Sujan S.A., Wang J., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 2003, Vol.49, No.4, p.189-193. 4 ref. (In English) Internet: This study discusses the diagnosis of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) at a hospital in China by patch testing the patients with a standard series of allergens and by investigating the suspected offending occupational allergens by means of a questionnaire. During a two-year period (2001-2003), 14 patients were investigated and confirmed as having OACD. In this study, nickel, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrance mix, black rubber mix, colophony, epoxy resin and thiuram mix were identified by patch testing as the main offending allergens. These results indicate that patch testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis and identification of occupational allergens. OACD can often be diagnosed by patch testing of all patients with clinically suspected contact dermatitis with a standard series. Clinicians should then educate the sensitized workers in how to avoid further exposure to the causative allergens. (102826)
CIS 03-1756 Association between exposure to workplace secondhand smoke and reported respiratory and sensory symptoms: Cross-sectional study. Wakefield M., Trotter L., Cameron M., Woodward A., Inglis G., Hill D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.45, No.6, p.622-627. Illus. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this work was to assess the relation between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at work and reported respiratory and sensory symptoms. Data was collected by means of a cross-sectional telephone survey of 382 non-smokers working in indoor workplaces. After controlling for potential confounders, exposure to SHS at work was significantly associated with an increased risk of wheeze (odds ratio OR=4.26), frequent cough (OR=2.26), sore eyes (OR=3.77) and sore throat (OR=2.70). Among workers who had not experienced a cold in the past four weeks, strong dose-response relationships were found between increasing levels of exposure to SHS at work and morning cough, frequent cough, sore eyes and sore throat, and a positive relationship for wheeze. These findings provide compelling evidence that non-smoking indoor workers are adversely affected by exposure to SHS at work, and underline the importance of workplace smoke-free policies in protecting the health of workers. (102924)
CIS 03-1757 Industrial respiratory protection - An overview. Olson P., Barnes H., Industrial Safety Chronicle, Apr.-June 2003, Vol.XXXIV, No.1, p.27-30. (In English) Internet: This article describes the four main phases of the implementation of a respiratory protection programme on an industrial site: identification of respiratory hazards and ambient concentrations (dust, smoke, fog, gases, vapours); understanding the possible effects of the ambient contaminants on workers' health; selection of the appropriate respirator; training of the workers in the use and care of the respirators. Once the programme is launched, it is necessary to verify that the workers are using the equipment provided and to remind them of the importance of use by means of posters, booklets and training courses. They should also be subjected to an annual check of their aptitude to use the equipment. Finally, data concerning the programme need to be recorded and stored. A checklist summarizes the main elements that need to be considered when implementing a respiratory protection programme. (102546)
CIS 03-1758 The protection factor - A basis for selecting respirators. (Polish: Wskaźnik ochrony - podstawowe kryterium doboru sprzętu ochrony układu oddechowego) Majchrzycka K., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.25-27. Illus. 10 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents the concept of the "protection factor" and discusses its application for selecting respirators. It presents the results of studies conducted in the European Union and in the United States, as well as a method for determining the protection factor for different types of respirators. (102565)
CIS 03-1759 Glove use and the relative risk of acute hand injury: A case-crossover study. Sorock G.S., Lombardi D.A., Peng D.K., Hauser R., Eisen E.A., Herrick R.F., Mittleman M.A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 2004, Vol.1, No.3, p.182-190. Illus. 32 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between glove use and traumatic occupational hand injury. A case-crossover design was used to control differences between individuals such as occupation, injury history, age, sex, risk-taking behaviour, manual dexterity and muscle strength. 1188 hand-injured workers were interviewed regarding the use of glove at the time of the injury. The self-reported average duration of glove use in the previous month was the measure of expected wearing of gloves. 19% of the workers reported wearing gloves at the time of the injury. The expected glove use in the past month of work was 27.9%. Glove use was associated with a lower risk of laceration and punctures, but not crush, fractures, avulsions, amputations and dislocations. (102600)
CIS 03-1760 Exposure evaluation of dioxins in municipal waste incinerator workers. Kumagai S., Koda S., Oda H., Industrial Health, July 2003, Vol.41, No.3, p.167-174. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: In Japan, the largest source of dioxin is solid waste incineration plants. Workers employed at these plants handle fly ash and slag contaminated by dioxins and can absorb dioxins into the body during work, with possible adverse health effects. This study examines dioxin exposures, daily dioxin intake and blood dioxin level in workers employed at municipal incineration plants. Estimated dioxin exposures were 0.5 to 7.2pg TEQ/m3 (TEQ=toxicity equivalents) in daily operations and 0.2 to 92,000pg TEQ/m3 in periodic maintenance. It was also found that the daily dioxin intake can exceed the tolerable daily intake limit values in incineration plants with fly ash of high dioxin concentration. The mean blood dioxin concentration was 346pg TEQ/g lipid in the highest exposed worker group of the Toyono-gun incineration plant and 11 to 40pg TEQ/g lipid in the other incineration plants. (102836)
CIS 03-1761 Apricot sulfurization: An occupation that induces an asthma-like syndrome in agricultural environments. Koksal N., Hasanoglu H.C., Gokirmak M., Yildirim Z., Gultek A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.43, No.4, p.447-453. 39 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the airways of the workers involved in apricot sulfurization. SO2 levels in air were measured on 15 apricot farms, while the symptom scores of 69 workers were recorded before, during and after SO2 exposure. Physical examination and pulmonary function tests of the workers were also done prior to and after exposure periods. The measured SO2 concentrations ranged between 106.6 and 721.0ppm. Dyspnoea (80%), cough (78%) and eye and nose irritation (83-70%) were the most commonly observed symptoms. The workers had significant decreases in pulmonary functions after SO2 exposure. Decrements in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25-75% showed that the acute effect of SO2 on pulmonary functions of the workers was mostly of the obstructive kind. It is concluded that acute exposure to SO2 induces "asthma-like syndrome" in apricot sulfurization workers. (102513)
CIS 03-1762 Neurobehavioural effects among workers occupationally exposed to organophosphorous pesticides. Farahat T.M., Abdelrasoul G.M., Amr M.M., Shebl M.M., Farahat F.M., Anger W.K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.60, No.4, p.279-286. Illus. 43 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study, 52 occupationally-exposed male workers involved in applying organophosphorus pesticides to cotton crops were compared with 50 unexposed male controls matched by age, socioeconomic class and years of education. Participants completed a questionnaire on personal, occupational and medical factors. They were subjected to general and neurological clinical examinations, neurobehavioural tests and serological analyses for acetylcholinesterase. After correcting for age and education, the exposed participants exhibited significantly lower performance than controls on six neurobehavioural tests. Longer years of work with pesticides were associated with lower performance on most neurobehavioural tests after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Although serum acetylcholinesterase was significantly lower in the exposed participants, it was not significantly correlated with either neurobehavioural performance or neurological abnormalities. (102518)
CIS 03-1763 Pesticide sprayers' knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use on agricultural farms of Ethiopia. Mekonnen Y., Agonafir T., Occupational Medicine, Sep. 2002, Vol.52, No.6, p.311-315. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: Pesticide sprayers from five state-owned agricultural farms in Ethiopia took part in a study that evaluated their knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use on farms. Demographic features of the sprayers showed that the majority of them had primary-level education. The duration of work as sprayers on the farms ranged from one month to ten years, with 59% having worked less than five years. Their knowledge about hazards from pesticides was indicated by the responses to a questionnaire. Working carefully was considered to be very important by 93%, while only 7% suggested the use of personal protective equipment. On some farms, sprayers were provided with inappropriate, unfit and worn-out PPEs; 18% of the sprayers had unfit goggles and 29% used worn-out gloves. To minimize risk from pesticide application, 63% suggested avoiding applications during windy and sunny weather, 32% suggested the provision and proper use of PPD, while only 3% believed that medical check-ups and training were important, and 2% suggested risks from spraying were best controlled by leaving the job. (102733)
CIS 03-1764 Knowledge, beliefs and practices of pesticide users in small-scale farms in Mutoko District, Mashonaland, East Zimbabwe. Tarwireyi F., On Guard, Mar. 2004, Vol.9, No.1, p.11-18. Illus. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess knowledge levels, beliefs and practices of pesticides users in small-scale farms in a rural district of Zimbabwe. Interviews of 280 pesticides users revealed that most had poor knowledge of the meaning of the colour-coding of pesticide containers. Furthermore, although the users showed a general understanding of the importance of protection, most did not use protective equipment because of their cost. Other factors cited included the difficulty in understanding the language on the labels and the lack of appropriate measuring equipment necessary for ensuring the proper dilution levels. (102828)
CIS 03-1765 Arsenic exposure in the wine growing industry in ten French departments. Grillet J.P., Adjémian A., Bernadac G., Bernon J., Brunner F., Garnier R., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 2004, Vol.77, No.2, p.130-135. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: This study investigated exposure to arsenic from a fungicide used in French vineyards. First phase compared urinary arsenic excretion of agricultural workers after having performed the application and of a non-exposed control group. In the second phase, which included 35 subjects exposed to arsenic from ten French departments, the increase in urinary arsenic excretion after application was measured. In the first phase, urinary arsenic excretion was significantly higher in applicators than in the control group. The second phase showed a significant increase of arsenic excretion the day after the application. A closed tractor cabin provided a protective effect but efficacy of individual protective equipment could not be demonstrated. (102890)
CIS 03-1766 Innovative exposure assessment of pesticide uses for appropriate risk assessment. Van Hemmen J.J., Van der Jagt K.E., eds., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Apr. 2001, Vol.45, Suppl.1, p.S1-S174 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: An international workshop on the theme "Innovative exposure assessment of pesticide uses for appropriate risk assessment" was held on 20-22 September 2000, in The Hague, The Netherlands. The international experts represented industry, academia, specialized consultancy agencies and regulatory authorities in Europe, North America and Australia. The workshop was organized around four themes: toxicology studies that are relevant for worker risk assessment; probabilistic exposure assessment is essential for appropriately assessing risks; importance of field use information for assessing the risk of exposure; and appropriate terms for residential exposure. The main goal was to reach international consensus on the harmonization of exposure and risk assessment approaches, and the development of guidance elements for the various bodies in our society that deal with risk assessment for pesticide registration purposes in occupational and residential settings. (102909)
CIS 03-1767 Shade tobacco and green tobacco sickness in Connecticut. Trapé-Cardoso M., Bracker A., Grey M., Kaliszewski M., Oncken C., Ohannessian C., Barrera L.V., Gould B., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.45, No.6, p.656-661. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of green tobacco sickness (GTS) in farm workers working in shade tobacco fields in Connecticut who presented for clinical care at medical clinics during 2001. Although GTS was not formally clinically diagnosed in any of the patients, it was found that 15% of the diagnoses could be attributed to possible GTS. Using a stricter GTS case definition, the frequency rate decreased to 4%. Nonsmokers were significantly more likely than smokers to report GTS-like symptoms. Isolated symptoms of headache and dizziness were significantly more frequent among nonsmokers than smokers. In conclusion, cases of possible GTS were found in Connecticut shade tobacco workers, with nonsmokers being at greater risk. (102928)
CIS 03-1768 Monitoring DNA damage in foundry and pottery workers exposed to silica by the alkaline comet assay. Başaran N., Shubair M., Ündeğer Ü., Kars A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.602-610. 43 ref. (In English) Internet: Workers in the foundry and pottery industries are exposed to a mixture of chemicals including silica, a substance widely suspected of causing genetic alterations. To investigate the potential hazard associated with the occupational exposure to silica, DNA damages in the peripheral lymphocytes of 30 foundry and 22 pottery workers were examined using the alkaline gel electrophoresis or comet assay method, and compared with 52 healthy subjects with no history of occupational exposure to silica or other chemicals. The DNA damage observed in the lymphocytes of both foundry and pottery workers was significantly higher than that among controls. DNA damage was also caused by cigarette smoking, since the damage observed in smoking silica-exposed workers compared with the non-smoking workers was significantly higher. (102503)
CIS 03-1769 Evaluation of workers' exposure to total, respirable and silica dust and the related health symptoms in Senjedak stone quarry, Iran. Golbabaei F., Barghi M.A., Sakhaei M., Industrial Health, Jan. 2004, Vol.42, No.1, p.29-33. Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: This research project was conducted in a marble quarry located in the northeast of Iran. Time-weighted averages of total dust, respirable dust and crystalline silica concentration in workers' breathing zone were monitored by using both gravimetric and XRD methods. The results showed that the employees working in the hammer drill process had the highest exposure to total and respirable dust (107.9±8.0mg/m3, 11.2±0.77mg/m3), while the cutting machine workers had the lowest exposure (9.3±3.0mg/m3, 1.8±0.82mg/m3). The maximum concentration of α-quartz in total and respirable dust were found to be to 0.670±8.49x10-2 and 5.7x10-2±1.6x10-2mg/m3 respectively, among workers of the hammer drill process. The prevalence of skin and respiratory symptoms were higher in hammer drill workers, however, respiratory symptoms showed no significant prevalence. Regarding the average age of workers (31.6±1.9yr) and average of their work history (3.8±1.0yr), these results were predictable. (102735)
CIS 03-1770 TLD-Europe - A paint spray booth that combines safety and flexibility. (French: TLD-Europe - Une cabine de peinture qui allie sécurité et flexibilité) Robert A., Travail et sécurité, Feb. 2004, No.637, p.39-43. Illus. 3 ref. (In French) Internet: This article describes a newly-installed paint spray booth in an enterprise manufacturing large aircraft tractors. It consists of a vertically-ventilated closed booth. Because occupational asthma is particularly frequent among spray painters exposed to isocyanate-containing polyurethane paints, the importance of having adequate ventilation and wearing respirators is stressed. (102763)
CIS 03-1771 Health hazards due to the machining of high-alloy steels. (German: Gefährdungen beim Bearbeiten hochlegierter Stähle) G+S - Gesund und Sicher, Feb. 2003, No.2, p.46-47. Illus. (In German) Internet: Welding of high-alloy steels, in particular V2A steel, produces smoke that contains chromium (VI) and nickel (V) compounds, which are carcinogenic. Since this type of job is often subcontracted and because there are wide differences in the working conditions of welders, an evaluation of welders' exposure to this type of smoke was carried out using the example of a small boat galley, with and without exhaust ventilation. Ambient measurements show that whatever the ventilation conditions, permissible levels cannot be complied with consistently. The article emphasizes the need to make respirators available to the workers and to ensure, whenever the work is subcontracted, that the contractors comply with existing legislation, since the occupational safety and health responsibility remains with the principal. (102963)
CIS 03-1772 Continued epidemic of bladder cancer in workers exposed to ortho-toluidine in a chemical factory. Markowitz S.B., Levin K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2004, Vol.46, No.2, p.154-160. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: Ortho-toluidine (o-toluidine), an aromatic amine, is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable human carcinogen. A cohort study published in 1991 reported a 6.5-fold excess incidence of bladder cancer in a US chemical plant that used o-toluidine. This article reports 19 additional cases of bladder cancer among workers in this cohort, yielding a total of 34 cases of bladder cancer in the cohort to date. The number of bladder cancers diagnosed in the recent period has increased. The timing of onset of exposure to o-toluidine of numerous cases of bladder cancer after 1968, and especially 1975, suggests that occupational exposures other than o-toluidine were probably not responsible for the observed excess bladder cancer. This study further supports the bladder carcinogenicity of o-toluidine. (102582)
CIS 03-1773 Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carbon black workers. Tsai P.J., Shieh H.Y., Lee W.J., Chen H.L., Shih T.S., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.229-235. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study, a total of 30 workers exposed to carbon black were selected, including eight wet pelletizing workers and 22 packaging workers. For all selected workers, urine samples were collected on the first day pre-shift, first day post-shift and fifth day post-shift, and their urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels (1-OHP) were determined (denoted as BM1pre, BM1post and BM5post, respectively). Personal respiratory exposures, including both inhalable particle-bound PAHs (Cipb) and gaseous PAHs (Cgas), together with dermal exposure to particle-bound PAHs (Cskin) were measured. Personal background information, including age, sex and smoking habit, was registered. Pyrene exposure was statistically significantly correlated with exposure to PAHs and carcinogenic PAHs. The resultant regression coefficients for sex, smoking habit and age were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, this study suggests BM5post could be a suitable indicator for PAH exposures of carbon black workers, on the condition that both respiratory and dermal exposures are assessed. (102808)
CIS 03-1774 Analysis of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of workers of a phosphate fertilizer factory. Ghiassi-Nejad M., Varzegar R., Zakeri F., Rasouli-Nejad S., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2002, Vol.8, No.4, p.277-282. Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in 15 workers of an Iranian phosphate fertilizer factory exposed to chemicals and radioactive substances and in 15 unexposed controls. The exposed individuals showed higher frequencies of dicentrics as well as acentrics than the normal controls. The mean frequencies of chromosomal aberrations per 100 metaphases of workers and non-exposed controls were 5.06 and 1.52, respectively; those of micronucleated cells per 1000 binucleated lymphocytes of workers and controls were 47±8 and 12±5, respectively and the mean number of sister chromatid exchanges per 100 cells in workers and controls were 4.6±2.8 and 2.80±0.37, respectively. These results confirm the existence of clastogenic and genotoxic effects of chemical agents and radioactive materials. (102929)
CIS 03-1775 A longitudinal observation of early pulmonary responses to cotton dust. Wang X.R., Pan L.D., Zhang H.X., Sun B.X., Dai H.L., Christiani D.C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2003, Vol.60, No.2, p.115-121. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: Spirometry and methacholine challenge testing were performed among 101 newly hired non-smoking textile workers in China at the time of their employment and 3, 12 and 18 months later. Participants also responded to questionnaires on their work history, smoking history and respiratory symptoms. Concentrations of airborne cotton dust in various work areas were measured at each period. The incidence of non-specific respiratory symptoms was 8% at three months, subsequently diminishing. Results suggest that non-specific respiratory symptoms, decreasing lung function and increasing airway responsiveness are early pulmonary responses to cotton dust. In addition, the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and increasing airway responsiveness, as well as atopy, may be important predictors for acute changes in lung function among cotton textile workers. (102584)
CIS 03-1776 Decreasing the level of heavy metals by aerobic treatment of tannery wastewater. Abdel-Shafy H.I., Hegemann W., Schenk H., Wilke A., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2002, Vol.8, No.4, p.298-309. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study, the efficiency of an aerobic process for the treatment of tannery wastewater as well as the level of heavy metals throughout this process were investigated. The level of chromium in the produced sludge and the treated wastewater was evaluated. The adsorption isotherm of the "free metal sludge" for chromium was also studied. The study was carried out in a continuously controlled pilot plant system. Results show that the aerobic treatment reduced the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of the wastewater. Heavy metals were concentrated mostly in the sludge. Chromium was eliminated in the wastewater by 46.3%. The levels of the other metals were also reduced with a range of elimination from 19% for zinc to 58.3% for manganese. Nevertheless, the concentrations of chromium both in treated wastewater and sludge exceeded the permissible level. It is recommended that further treatment be applied to decrease chromium to the permissible level. (102930)
CIS 03-1777 Prevention of hazards due to exposure to hardwood dust. (Spanish: Prevención de riesgos derivados de la exposición a polvo de maderas duras) Díaz Morán N., Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 2004, No.167, p.8-19. Illus. 17 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This article discusses the hazards from exposure to hardwood dust and presents the broad outline of a plan of preventive actions. Contents: characteristics and classification of woods; health effects of exposure to wood dust (respirable particles, threshold limit values, results of epidemiological studies); plan of preventive actions (local exhaust systems, general ventilation, methods of work that limit the generation of dust, personal protective equipment, medical supervision). (102614)
CIS 03-1778 Occupational respiratory allergies caused by wood dust. (French: Allergies respiratoires professionnelles provoquées par les poussières de bois) Rosenberg N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2003, No.96, p.501-510. 86 ref. (In French) Internet: Woodworking is a known cause of respiratory allergy risk. High-speed revolving machines produce large amounts of easily-inhalable fine dust, which when deposited at all levels in the respiratory tract may cause nose, bronchial and lung symptoms. Moulds, bacteria and bacterial endotoxins which grow on wood parts stored in the premises, together with substances used for wood treatment present additional respiratory hazards. Contents of this article on occupational respiratory allergies caused by wood dust: physiopathology; prevalence among exposed occupational groups; diagnosis in occupational settings; confirmation of diagnosis in specialized institutions; development; prevention; compensation. (102874)
CIS 03-1779 Skin strain and its influence on systemic exposure to a glycol ether in offset printing workers. Korinth G., Göen T., Lakemeyer M., Broding H.C., Drexler H., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 2003, Vol.49, No.5, p.248-254. Illus. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to show whether systemic exposure to glycol ether is higher among printing workers with skin lesions. 28 male printers exposed to 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol (BEE) were interviewed on their workplace exposure by means of a standardized questionnaire. The systemic exposure was determined by biological monitoring of the main metabolite of BEE (butoxyethoxyacetic acid, BEAA) in urine. Furthermore, a clinical examination of the skin was also carried out, together with measurements of transepidermal water loss, capacitance and skin surface pH. Erythema and scaliness were the most important factors showing an effect on dermal absorption. The mean urinary BEAA excretions for printers with skin lesions on the hands were higher (20.62mg/L for scaliness and 14.40mg/L for erythema) compared to levels for printers without detectable skin lesions (12.08mg/L for scaliness and 13.03mg/L for erythema). (102737)
CIS 03-1780 Respiratory health among bleachery workers exposed to ozone and chlorine dioxide. Olin A.C., Granung G., Hagberg S., Adriansson M., Brisman J., Dalander O., Karlsson B., Torén K., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2002, vol.28, No.2, p. 117-123. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: A total of 129 bleachery workers in two Swedish pulp mills that use ozone for bleaching were studied together with 80 non-exposed controls. The pulp mills had previously used chlorine dioxide as the bleaching agent. Participants responded to questionnaires and were subjected to spirometry and methacholine challenge testing. Area sampling showed sporadic ozone levels exceeding 0.9ppm. There was a greater prevalence of wheezing (25%) among the bleachery workers with a history of gassings than among the referents (13%). Among current smokers, the proportion with a slightly increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was greater among the bleachery workers. For the period from 1992 to 1996 when the mills were using ozone, there was an increased incidence rate of wheezing among the workers in the bleachery. This finding reinforces the view that repeated peak exposures to irritants must be prevented in pulp mills. (102798)
CIS 03-1781 Formaldehyde. Use in a hospital. Hazards and preventive measures. (Spanish: Formaldehído. Uso en un centro hospitalario. Riesgos y medidas de prevención) Uribe Llopis P., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.188-189, p.43-59. Illus. 14 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Formaldehyde (or formol) is a widely-used chemical agent in hospitals. Its hazards are reviewed, together with the appropriate prevention measures. Contents: formaldehyde metabolism; production; main uses; health effects due to exposure to formaldehyde; threshold limit values; sterilization through the use of formaldehyde; use of formaldehyde in pathological anatomy; working methods; preventive measures (at the source, determination in work atmospheres, protection of workers, exposure evaluation). (102722)
CIS 03-1782 Cytotoxic substances: Basic rules for their handling in hospital environments. (Spanish: Citotóxicos: normas básicas par su manipulación en el ámbito sanitario) Sanz-Gallardo M.I., De Juanes J.R., Jaén F., Sevilla E., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 2001, Vol.XLVIII, No.190, p.49-58. 21 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The handling of cytotoxic substances is potentially hazardous for health service workers. Furthermore, threshold limit values that would allow risk-free handling are not known and analytical and biological methods of exposure evaluation are not sufficiently reliable. Consequently, the handling of cytotoxic products requires precautionary measures that take into account the exposure routes and the modes of action of these substances (alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, antimitotics and others). General protection measures are described as well as precautions for avoiding skin contact, inhalation or ingestion and precaution to be taken during preparation, administration, waste disposal, transfer or contamination. Workers in contact with cytotoxic agents need regular medical supervision. (102725)
CIS 03-1783 Exposure to cooking fumes in restaurant kitchens in Norway. Svendsen K., Jensen H.N., Sivertsen I., Sjaastad A.K., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2002, vol.46, No.4, p.395-400. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: Personal air sampling was carried out among kitchen workers of four hotels, two fast-food restaurants, ten traditional restaurants and three small local restaurants serving mostly fried food. Each subject carried two sampling devices connected to pumps. One pump was connected to a filter cassette with a 37mm glass fibre filter and the other to a sampling device for aldehydes. The measurements were repeated during three days in each kitchen. The level of fat aerosols varied between the different types of kitchen. Overall exposure levels to fat aerosols were low, but in some cases was up to 50% of the Norwegian threshold limit value (TLV) for dust (10mg/m3). The levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were well below the TLVs. However, aerosols of fat produced during frying contain a mixture of fat from the meat being fried, hydrolyzed vegetable fat and degradation products, such as fatty acids, other organic acids and aldehydes. Consequently, cooking fumes should be considered as being harmful to the lungs. (102793)
CIS 03-1784 Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in traffic policemen of north India. Verma Y., Kumar A., Rana S.V.S., Industrial Health, July 2003, Vol.41, No.3, p.260-264. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: Traffic controllers face the risk of exposure to benzene present in the ambient air as a component of fuel exhaust. Inhaled benzene is metabolized and excreted as phenol. Six traffic policemen employed at each of six major towns of north India were monitored during these investigations. 30 healthy persons (five per city) who had never been occupationally exposed to benzene and lived in clean surroundings were selected as controls. Among the exposed subjects, it was observed that urinary phenol was much higher than the values prescribed by ACGIH. Furthermore, social habits such as alcohol consumption and smoking were found to modulate benzene metabolism. It was noticed that smoking synergizes the effect of benzene whereas antagonistic effects of alcohol were observed. (102837)
CIS 03-1785 Art restoration workers: Evaluation of toxicological hazards. (French: Restaurateurs de tableaux: évaluation des risques toxicologiques) Duquenoy-Bizouerne A.F., Falcy M., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2003, No.96, p.419-440. Illus. 58 ref. (In French) Internet: The French National Occupational Safety and Health Institute (INRS) has been consulted on several occasions on hazards faced by art restoration workers, in particular risks to the reproductive system. Given the paucity of available data, this work was undertaken to study the job of art restoration workers at an important French restoration facility, and to evaluate toxicological and other occupational hazards. The work involved in particular the identification of the main products used and to quantify exposures to solvents using personal sampling. Further data ware obtained by means of questionnaires from a sample of 49 art restoration workers. It was concluded that occupational hazards incurred by these workers are moderate in comparison to exposures encountered in industrial settings. (102871)
CIS 03-1786 Risks from mercury in dental practices: Past history or near future?. (French: Le risque mercuriel dans les cabinets dentaires: histoire ancienne ou futur proche?) Schach V., Jahanbakht S., Livardjani F., Flesch F., Jaeger A., Haïkel Y., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 2003, No.93, p.7-23. Illus. 52 ref. (In French) Internet: Mercury is the cause of mercurialism, an occupational disease recognized as such in the schedule of occupational diseases. Furthermore, it has been established that this metal is an important pollutant, both for the atmospheric and marine environments. This literature review examines occupational hazards caused by the inhalation of mercury in the dental profession. Contents: evaluation of the exposure to mercury among dentists; epidemiological studies among dentists; causes of pollution by mercury in dental practices; prevention (substitution, local exhaust, housekeeping, personal hygiene); medical supervision; compensation; French regulations. (102875)
CIS 03-1787 Occupational exposure to hairdressing chemicals and immunoglobulin E synthesis. Hollund B.E., Moen B.E., Egeland G.M., Florvaag E., Omenaas E., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 2002, Vol.28, No.4, p.264-269. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The study was based on a questionnaire sent to 100 hairdressers and a reference group of 95 office workers. The questionnaire sought information on allergy, respiratory symptoms during the past year, work conditions (exposure) and smoking habits. The hairdressers were divided into high and low exposure groups. Total serum IgE and allergen-specific IgE towards the most prevalent airborne allergens were analysed. The serum levels of total IgE were significantly higher among the highly exposed hairdressers than among the office workers. The prevalence of asthma-like respiratory symptoms during the past year was significantly higher among the highly exposed hairdressers. The total serum IgE level was significantly higher among the hairdressers, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for age, atopy and smoking. (102914)
CIS 03-1788 Occupational exposure of non-smoking restaurant personnel to environmental tobacco smoke in Finland. Johnsson T., Tuomi T., Hyvärinen M., Svinhufvud J., Rothberg M., Reijula K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2003, Vol.43, No.5, p.523-531. Illus. 56 ref. (In English) Internet: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure levels in different restaurant types in Finland were assessed before the National Tobacco Act restricting smoking in restaurants was activated. Exposure to ETS was determined by measuring nicotine in the breathing zone of non-smoking restaurant workers and by quantification of the nicotine metabolites cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in the urine of these workers during a whole work week. Altogether 23 workers from 15 restaurants were included in the study. The geometric mean (GM) breathing-zone nicotine level was 3.9µg/m3. The GM cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine level in urine were 3.3ng/mg(creatinine) and 15.3ng/mg(creatinine), respectively. The exposure to ETS of restaurant workers in dining restaurants was clearly lower than that of workers in pubs and nightclubs as indicated by all ETS-markers used in the present study. During the work week, the cotinine and 3'-hydroxycotinine levels in urine of the study subjects increased. The correlation between breathing zone nicotine and urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine was 0.66 for both compounds. Post-shift cotinine and hydroxycotinine levels were not significantly higher than pre-shift levels. The study indicates that measures to restrict ETS exposure in restaurants are needed. (102917)
CIS 03-1789 Use of protective clothing among California farmers. Schenker M.B., Orenstein M.R., Samuels S.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.42, No.5, p.455-464. Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: A telephone survey of 1,947 California farmers recorded information on occupational exposure, health outcomes and use of protective equipment to lessen risk from exposure to dust, sun, noise, pesticides and tractors. More than 93% of respondents reported using personal protection from exposure to pesticides; however, fewer than one third used consistent protection against other hazards. Younger age and male sex were associated with better use of protection from dust, noise, pesticides and tractors, but negatively associated with sun protection. There was no consistent relationship of protective behaviours with cigarette smoking, living on the farm, marital status, or time in non-administrative farmwork. Risk perception was strongly associated with behaviour: farmers concerned about specific health problems were much more likely to use protective equipment. (102835)
CIS 03-1790 One year effectiveness of an individualised smoking cessation intervention at the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Rodríguez-Artalejo F., Lafuente Urdinguio P., Guallar-Castillón P., Garteizaurrekoa Dublang P., Sáinz Martínez O., Díez Azcárate J.I., Foj Alemán M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2003, Vol.60, No.5, p.358-363. Illus. 47 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this case-control study was to assess the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention in the workplace. Cases were given structured counselling at the first visit, nicotine patches for three months and three sessions of counselling for reinforcement of abstinence over a three-month period. The control group was subjected to short sessions of antismoking advice. The trial was carried out among 217 smokers of both sexes, aged 20-63 years, motivated to quit smoking and without contraindications for nicotine patches, who were employees at a public transport company and at two worksites of an electricity company. The main outcome measure was self-reported tobacco abstinence confirmed by carbon monoxide in expired air ≤10ppm. The rate of continuous abstinence at 12 months was 20.2% for the intervention group versus 8.7% for the control group. The effectiveness of the intervention did not vary substantially with age, tobacco dependence, number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of years of tobacco consumption, degree of desire to quit smoking, time spent with smokers, subjective health and presence of tobacco-related symptoms. Weight gain at 12 months was similar for both groups. (102509)
CIS 03-1791 Device for collecting dust from radial saws - CASIR - Technical report. (French: Dispositif de captage de poussières pour scie radiale - CASIR - Dossier technique) Lefèvre A., L'Huillier J.C., Muller J.P., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Jan. 2004. 30p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Woodworking or the machining of wood-based composite materials generates dust which is dispersed in the workplace air and which may be inhaled by the workers. Radial saws in particular can be very polluting if not equipped with an efficient local exhaust system. Consequently, the improvement of working conditions often requires changing the existing exhaust systems. This technical report describes an improved dust exhaust system which prevents the dispersion of dust, and presents the results of workplace airborne dust measurements with radial saws equipped with either standard exhaust systems or with the improved system. It also includes all technical details and drawings needed to install such a system. (102854)
CIS 03-1792 Device for collecting dust from narrow-band sanding machines - CAPEA - Technical report. (French: Dispositif de captage de poussières pour ponceuse à bande étroite - CAPEA - Dossier technique) Lefèvre A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Apr. 2003. 15p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Woodworking generates dust which is dispersed in the workplace air and which may be inhaled by the workers. Narrow-band sanding machines in particular can be very polluting if not equipped with an efficient local exhaust system. This technical report describes an improved dust exhaust system which prevents the dispersion of dust, and presents the results of workplace airborne dust measurements on a sanding machine equipped with this system. (102855)
CIS 03-1793 Device for collecting dust from woodworking band saws - YOTA - Technical report. (French: Dispositif d'aspiration pour scie à ruban de menuiserie - YOTA - Dossier technique) Lefèvre A., Lamoureux P., Muller J.P., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Jan. 2001. 19p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Woodworking generates dust which is dispersed in the workplace air and which may be inhaled by the workers. Following a brief description of dust local exhaust systems that generally equip band saws in particular, this technical report presents a dust exhaust system developed by the INRS, characterized by an enclosure which directs the dust towards an aspiration duct, together with the results of workplace airborne dust measurements with band saws equipped with various exhaust systems, including that developed by the INRS. It also includes all technical details and drawings needed to install such a system. (102857)
CIS 03-1794 Performance tests on filter materials for the use in regenerative bag filters. (German: Einungsuntersuchungen an Filtermaterialen für regenerierbare Taschenluftfilter) Frenzel W.P., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 84p. Illus. 9 ref. Price: EUR 10.00., ISBN 3-86509-040-0 (In German) Internet: Commercially available bag air filters can in principle be regenerated with pneumatic pulses. However, in practice, the loose non-woven filter materials are often damaged, which makes their re-use impossible. This report describes work undertaken with selected needle-punched non-wovens characterized by high air permeability together with good stability during pneumatic pulse regeneration. The behaviour of the filter materials was characterized by pressure loss, reduced service life and loss of integrity of the bag air filter. It was concluded that polyester needle-punched non-wovens with high air permeability were suitable for use in bag air filters with gradual pneumatic pulse regeneration. (102953)
CIS 03-1795 The effect of adjacent buildings and topographical features on the wind pressure field around buildings. Westbury P., Roche L., Pierce B., Smith J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 91p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2750-0 (In English) Internet: This work has been carried out to help develop guidance on siting open flue terminals for natural draught domestic gas boilers. The effects of adjacent structures and topographical features on wind pressure fields around dwellings were investigated, and scenarios with high likelihood of flue flow reversal were identified. A combination of wind tunnel testing and computational modelling has been used. Vent pressures on isolated dwellings have also been investigated. Compared to isolated dwellings, the maximum pressure experienced by a flue terminal above a 45° pitch roof was found to be up to 60% higher when very tall or wide structures (e.g. embankments) were located downwind of the dwelling. The percentage increase was higher for the 30° pitch roof, although absolute pressures for the 45° pitch roof were greater. (102789)
CIS 03-1796 Optimization of local exhaust systems - Enhanced insights on the thermally- influenced spread of pollutants. (German: Optimierung von Einrichtungen zur Stofferfassung - Erweiterung der Erkenntnisse zur Stoffausbreitung durch Thermik) Walz A., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 158p. Illus. 49 ref. Price: EUR 15.00., ISBN 3-86509-052-4 (In German) Internet: This report presents a methodology for designing local exhaust ventilation systems. Experimental and numerical methods for characterizing the interactions between the captured air volume flow, the spread of contaminants and unwanted air movements are reviewed. An exhaust test rig was developed, on which the numerical calculations were verified experimentally. The parameters studied included the velocity of the cross flow, the distance and vertical misalignment between exhaust system and contaminant source, the source intensity and the dimensions of the heat source. Overall eight heat and contaminant sources were investigated using up to six exhaust designs. Based on these tests, new design approaches are proposed. A practical example showing the application of this methodology is included. (102956)
CIS 03-1797 Assessment of existing chemicals: A contribution towards improving chemical safety. Behret H., Koppenhöfer J., Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA), eds., S. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh), Postfach 90 04 40, 60444 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1999. 83p. Illus., ISBN 3-924763-84-4 (In English) Internet: This document describes the approach adopted by the BUA (German Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals) for the assessment of existing chemicals (selection procedures, categorizing, priority setting, pathway from a priority substance to a BUA report, design and contents of reports). It also shows how the BUA assessment fits into the EU existing chemicals assessment and the resulting tasks of the BUA. Finally, BUA's scientific projects, its work in national and international committees and institutions and a list of its publications are presented. (102595)
CIS 03-1798 A summary of health hazard evaluations: Issues related to occupational exposure to isocyanates, 1989 to 2002. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Jan. 2004. v, 37p. 44 ref. (In English) Internet: Exposure to isocyanates is irritating to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes and respiratory tract. The most common adverse outcome is asthma due to sensitization, followed by contact dermatitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. After a background information on the characteristics of isocyanates, this document presents summary reports of 46 isocyanate-related health hazard evaluations (HHEs) carried out between 1989 and 2002, grouped by process type: adhesives; decomposition products; foaming; foundry applications; moulding; other. For each case, a concise description of the results is given, together with the requester's name and the purpose of the HHE. (102599)
CIS 03-1799 Chronic toxicity studies on white oils. Riley A.J., Priston R.A, Urbanus J.H., CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, Jan. 2004. iv, 18p. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: This report summarizes the results of two two-year chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies sponsored by Concawe on petroleum-derived white oils used as food additives. The treatment of rats with mineral white oils for two years with up to 1200mg/kg/day did not result in any findings of biological significance. The findings of mineral hydrocarbon accumulation and inflammatory cell reaction seen in some tissues in these and previous studies are not considered as adverse effects. The NOAEL is considered to be 1200mg/kg/day. (102701)
CIS 03-1800 Risk assessment report for existing substances - Methyl tertiary-butyl ether. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2003. 288p. Approx. 370 ref. (In English) Internet: This report presents a comprehensive risk assessment of methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE is not dangerous to aquatic and other environmental organisms. The toxicokinetic data in experimental animals do not give any reasons for concern with regard to bioaccumulation of MTBE or its metabolites, effects on the central nervous system, genotoxicity or potential effects on reproduction. For human health, skin and respiratory irritation are regarded as the primary concern. The overall conclusion for the risk assessment of MTBE is that there is a need for further information and/or testing. (102705)
CIS 03-1801 Exposure factors sourcebook for European populations (with focus on UK data). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 2001. 119p. Illus. 120 ref. (In English) Internet: This document summarizes the available exposure factor data for European populations for use in risk-based decision making, with a particular focus on UK data. The factors selected are those most relevant used in risk-based decision making for contaminated land sites. The information includes physiological parameters (adult and child body weight, total skin surface area, surface area of specific body parts, life expectancy), time-activity parameters (weekly work hours, day hours at home/away, time indoors/outdoors, daily school hours, school time indoors, outdoor recreation, shower duration, and employer, residential and school tenure) and receptor contact rates (soil ingestion rates, adherence to skin, inhalation short/long term rates, food consumption rates, home grown vegetable and fruit consumption rate, fish and shellfish consumption rate, drinking water consumption rate, breast milk consumption rate). The information presented in this document can be applied across sites to develop estimates of exposure to various environmental media. (102706)
CIS 03-1802 Aquatic toxicity of mixtures. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, July 2001. 64p. Illus. 159 ref. (In English) Internet: The inherent toxicity of a substance to aquatic organisms is typically determined via single-species laboratory tests. Results from these tests are used to determine a Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) for ecosystems for each substance. Since organisms in the environment are exposed simultaneously to a wide range of substances, it is important to understand the potential effects of mixtures to aquatic organisms. The effects of mixtures can be generally categorized as additive (corresponding to the addition of toxicities for each mixture component are considered additive), greater than additive (synergism) and less than additive (antagonism). This document examines acute and chronic toxicity of mixtures of metals, pesticides, surfactants and general chemicals in laboratory tests and describes different approaches for assessing the toxic effects of mixtures of substances in the environment. (102707)
CIS 03-1803 (Q)SARs: Evaluation of the commercially available software for human health and environmental endpoints with respect to chemical management applications. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Sep. 2003. 164p. Illus. 202 ref. (In English) Internet: This report evaluates the current status of the commercially available (quantitative) structure activity relationship ((Q)SAR) approaches for human health and environmental endpoints, in the context of their applicability to product development and regulatory decision making, such as in hazard assessment (classification) or risk assessment. Only endpoints for which models with sufficiently large databases are available are considered. Difficulties encountered with their modelling are discussed. (102708)
CIS 03-1804 Persistence of chemicals in the environment. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Oct. 2003. 195p. Illus. 244 ref. (In English) Internet: This review considers the current definition of persistence of chemicals in the environment, the factors that influence their degradation, methods currently used to measure degradation and the extent to which current standard degradation tests can be used to infer persistence. The review highlights the fact that a single, scientifically-agreed definition of persistence does not exist and that regulatory bodies evaluate the persistence of chemical substances in an inconsistent manner. The areas where further research is required are also discussed. In particular, the need to understand the quantitative impact of the different factors governing biodegradation rates in the environment. (102709)
CIS 03-1805 Aquatic hazard assessment II. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Nov. 2003. 164p. Illus. Approx. 500 ref. + CD-ROM. (In English) Internet: This report presents an update of the ECETOC Aquatic Toxicity (EAT) database. The new database (EAT 3), which contains more than 5450 entries on almost 600 chemicals provides the most comprehensive compilation of highly reliable ecotoxicity data published in the scientific press in the period 1970-2000. Some examples of the use of the EAT 3 database are provided in the report, including comparisons between species, environments, acute and chronic exposures and different life stages. The report also examines the relative sensitivity of life stages of fish and invertebrates and gives recommendations for further work. The CD-ROM containing the EAT3 database is included. (102710)
CIS 03-1806 Guide on the use of pumps and flowmeters. (French: Mémento sur l'utilisation des pompes et des débitmètres) Cloutier Y., Lazure L., Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. 48p. 21 ref. Price: CAD 5.35., ISBN 2-551-22421-7 (In French) Internet: This guide on flow measurement and the use of pumps constitutes a reference publication aimed at occupational hygienists who wish to better understand the reasons behind the mathematical formulae and the recommendations contained in the workplace air pollutant sampling guide published by the Quebec Occupational Safety And Health Institute (IRSST). In particular, it sets out to explain the effect of ambient conditions on sampling and analysis variables. It describes the way pumps and flowmeters work, enabling them to be used in an optimal manner. This information can thus be used to make the necessary volume corrections, taking into account the ambient conditions that exist during sampling in industrial settings. Information on equations showing pressure variation as a function of altitude, depth and temperature used in industrial hygiene is also provided. (102768)
CIS 03-1807 In vitro determinants of particulate toxicity: The dose-metric for poorly soluble dusts. Faux S.P., Tran C.L., Miller B.G., Jones A.D., Monteiller C., Donaldson K., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. x, 51p. Illus. 59 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2747-0 (In English) Internet: Rats exposed to high airborne mass concentrations of low toxicity poorly soluble particles (LTPSP) have developed lung disease such as fibrosis and lung cancer. Permissible levels of these particles are regulated on a mass basis in occupational settings. However, animal studies have shown ultrafine particles producing stronger inflammatory effect than fine particles per unit mass. This study investigates whether the surface area of an LTPSP is a better dose metric than mass (or volume) for describing the particles' ability to induce inflammatory effects in vitro. Additionally it is hoped that the developed in vitro approach would become a reliable means of screening the toxicity of particles with the advantages of being less expensive and more ethical than animal testing. (102786)
CIS 03-1808 The practical prevention of risks from dangerous substances at work. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2003. 116p. Illus. 14 ref., ISBN 92-9191-050-3 (In English) Internet: Dangerous substances are found in many workplaces. Around 16% of workers in Europe report handling hazardous products and 22% are exposed to toxic fumes and vapours for at least a quarter of their working time. This publication presents 29 examples of good practice in the prevention of hazards from dangerous substances that received awards or were commended during the competition that was held on the occasion of the European Week for Safety and Health at Work 2003. These examples come from 14 EU Member States and from small, medium and large enterprises operating in a wide variety of sectors. Solutions implemented included the elimination, substitution and technical controls and the use of personal protective equipment. (102842)
CIS 03-1809 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some pharmaceutical drugs. World Health Organization (WHO), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 1996. iv, 514p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.00., ISBN 92-832-1266-5 (In English) Internet: This criteria document evaluates the following pharmaceutical compounds with respect to their carcinogenicity in humans: benzodiazepines and related compounds and phenytoin (diazepam, doxefazepam, estazolam, oxazepam, prazepam, ripazepam, temazepam, phenytoin); anti-oestrogenic compounds (droloxifene, tamoxifene, toremifene); hypolipidaemic drugs (clofibrate, gemfibrozil). Tamoxifene is classified in group 1 (carcinogenic in humans). Oxazepam and phenytoin are classified in group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans). All others fall under group 3 (not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans). (102846)
CIS 03-1810 The role of occupational exposure limits in the health and safety systems of EU Member States. Walters D., Grodzki K., Walters S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. xviii, 200p. Illus. 120 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2776-4 (In English) Internet: This report presents a review of procedures for setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) and their legal status in EU member states, analyses the methods and practices of the regulatory agencies in several member states to help achieve compliance with specific OELs and discusses the different meanings associated with "compliance" with OELs. The study finds broadly comparable structures and systems for setting OELs in all member states, as well as similar problems confronting their practical implementation at the workplace to those identified in the United Kingdom. At the same time, it reports on a variety of strategies undertaken in different countries to improve managing risks of working with hazardous chemicals and suggests that such approaches could be usefully taken into account in the revision of the framework for OELs in the UK. (102941)
CIS 03-1811 A review of carbon monoxide incident information for 2001/02. Moore M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. vi, 82p. Illus. 1 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2758-6 (In English) Internet: The aim of this work was to identify common causes of carbon monoxide (CO) incidents related to appliance and system design, installation and maintenance, for the purpose of improving customer safety, targeting expenditure on CO incident prevention and identifying further research work. A national data collection scheme for CO incidents which occur within the United Kingdom was established. This report provides information collected through this data collection scheme, and covers the reporting period 2001/02. During this period, there were 55 piped natural gas incidents and 10 LPG incidents reported, involving 13 fatalities and 109 non-fatal casualties. The data are expressed by time of the year, type of appliance or system and likely cause of the incident. (102943)
CIS 03-1812 Development of end-of-service life indicators for gas filter cartridges. (German: Entwicklung von Indikatoren zur Anzeige des Gebrauchsdauer-Endes von Gasfiltern (Machbarkeitsstudie)) Ziegler M.G., Hauthal W., Köser H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 158p. Illus. Approx. 300 ref. Price: EUR 15.00., ISBN 3-86509-041-9 (In German) Internet: The report reviews the current practices with respect to the replacement of gas-removing respirator cartridges at the expiration of their service life, together with development activities aimed at determining the service life with the help of sensors. The general requirements of German and United States regulations concerning the use and the exchange procedures of gas filter cartridges are discussed. Various principles of existing and developmental gas sensors are presented and their ability to detect the end-of-service life of the respirator elements is discussed. Computer-assisted tools proposed by filter manufacturers for estimating the end of service life are presented. (102954)
CIS 03-1813 Cleaning and maintenance of industrial installations: Exposure to substances. (German: Reinigung und Instandhaltung von Industrieanlagen: Stoffbelastungen) Hartwig S., Rupp A., Puls E., Kim J.H., Binder F., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. xvii, 168p. Illus. 57 ref. Price: EUR 16.50., ISBN 3-86509-001-X (In German) Internet: A total of 175 job observations were carried out in 12 companies during cleaning, maintenance and repair work. The average time needed for the tasks was recorded, and the organization workflow related to the tasks was noted. Moreover, respiratory and dermal exposures were assessed for the distinct tasks during non-normal production modes. The provision conditions and the type and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were noted. It was found that in approximately 25% of the cases investigated, hazardous substances were present in concentrations considerably exceeding the recommended threshold values. The PPEs were wrongly used more than 75% of the cases, and were wrongly dimensioned or not correctly provided in 50% of the cases. (102958)
CIS 03-1814 Test method for protective gloves against PAHs during renovation work. (German: Prüfmethode für Handschuhe zum Schutz gegen PAK bei Sanierungsarbeiten) Oppl R., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 54p. Illus. 42 ref. Price: EUR 8.50., ISBN 3-86509-000-1 (In German) Internet: Demolition and renovation workers may be exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The barrier effect of protective clothing and gloves cannot be assessed by existing standard testing methods. This report describes a new method for testing the permeation of PAHs through barrier membranes using essential elements of the testing standards EN 374-3, ASTM F739 and ISO 6529, but with a solid medium as receptor. The testing method is based on typical durations of exposure, real glove temperatures and realistic material stretching conditions. Several types of gloves were evaluated using this method. These tests showed that even higher molecular compounds such as PAHs can permeate through elastomers after prolonged use. (102952)
CIS 03-1815 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Specifications, Registration Requirements, Application Standards and Prior Informed Consent - Report of the 18th session held in Rome, 27-31 October 2003. Publishing Management Service, FAO Information Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Roma, Italy, 2003. 30p. (In English) Internet: The Revised version of the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides was adopted earlier by the FAO in 2002. The prime objectives of this session were to develop an conceptual strategy on how to implement the provisions of the code, in order to improve pesticide management and to overcome major weaknesses, mostly in developing countries. A second objective was to develop a new framework for the technical guidelines and other material in support of the code. (102979)
CIS 03-1816 Routine checking of local exhaust systems using static pressure measurements. (Spanish: Medición de la presión estática para la comprobación rutinaria de sistemas de extracción localizada) Cavallé Oller N., Bernal Domínguez F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 5p. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the method for measuring static pressure at the intake of local exhaust ventilation systems for the purpose of estimating the flow of circulating air. Contents: advantages, disadvantages and scope of application of the various types of flow measurements for local exhaust systems; experimental measurements of static pressure; calculation of the air flow based on the hood intake static pressure; evaluation of the exhaust system; practical example of interpretation of the results of static pressure measurements of a system. (102664)
CIS 03-1817 Mercury - Prevention of mercury poisoning. (French: Le mercure - Prévention de l'hydrargyrisme) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 5th ed., Dec. 2003. 59p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: EUR 7.30., ISBN 2-85599-244-7 (In French) Internet: Mercury poisoning affects primarily the central nervous system. Symptoms include headaches, mood changes, memory lapses and at more advanced stages, tremors, intellectual decline and cerebellum damage. Aimed at users of mercury and its compounds, this booklet presents the main protective measures for preventing occupational mercury poisoning and for decontaminating work premises and laboratories polluted by mercury, while at the same time protecting the environment. Replaces CIS 79-1379 (102630)
CIS 03-1818 Control of exposure to triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) in coating powders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2003. 6p. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: This guidance is aimed at all persons involved with the formulation or use of coating powders which contain TGIC. Contents: applicable legislation; characteristics of TGIC; health effects (R and S phrases); exposure routes; exposure limits (maximum exposure limit 0.1mg/m3 8 hour TWA); precautions that users of coating powders containing TGIC should take; maintenance of control measures; monitoring of exposure; measure of exposure levels; health surveillance; information, instruction and training; accidents, incidents and emergency procedures. Revision of CIS 99-247. (102677)
CIS 03-1819 Asbestos detection in buildings (I): Basic aspects. (Spanish: Detección da amianto en edificios (I): aspectos básicos) Casanovas Boixereu X., Trujillo Jiménez L., Freixa Blanxart A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 4p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the various uses of asbestos in buildings. Contents: general aspects concerning the use of asbestos in buildings in Spain; uses of asbestos (insulation, prefabricated products, products with high mechanical resistance, asbestos cement); brittleness of the various types of asbestos-containing materials and degree of risk during their handling; types of buildings that present a hazard. An approach for the inspection of buildings and sampling is presented in the note NTP 633 (see CIS 03-1820). (102682)
CIS 03-1820 Asbestos detection in buildings (II): Identification and analysis methodology. (Spanish: Detección da amianto en edificios (II): identificación y metodología de análisis) Casanovas Boixereu X., Trujillo Jiménez L., Freixa Blanxart A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 7p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note presents an approach for the inspection of buildings likely to contain asbestos and for the collection of samples. Contents: specific knowledge concerning the building to be inspected; equipment required by inspectors for general inspection and collection of samples; personal protective equipment; procedure to be followed for sampling (number of samples and their size, precautions to be taken to avoid contamination by fibres); analytical methods (X-ray diffraction, optical or electronic microscopy); interpretation of results (classification of analysed materials, evaluation of the potential hazard). The various forms in which asbestos can be found in buildings are presented in note NTP 632 (see CIS 03-1819). (102683)
CIS 03-1821 Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. (Spanish: Clasificación, envasado y etiquetado de las sustancias peligrosas) Berenguer Subils M.J., Gadea Carrera E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 7p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note is an update of the note NTP 459-1997 (CIS 98-253) which takes into account recent changes in legislation concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of hazardous substances, and in particular of the Royal Decree 363/95 (CIS 01-631). Contents: classification of hazardous substances according to their physical, chemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties; characteristics of packaging and labelling (product name, address of the manufacturer or importer, danger symbols, R and S phrases, EC number); information that must appear on the safety data sheet of a hazardous substance. (102685)
CIS 03-1822 Risk assessment of chemicals. Main sources of analytical methods. (Spanish: Evaluación de riesgos por agentes químicos. Principales fuentes de métodos analíticos) Martí Veciana A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note lists the contact details of the main European and United States agencies having published standardized methods for the evaluation of the exposure of workers to chemical contaminants. Besides the address and the phone number, the e-mail address and website are provided, together with a brief description of the available information. The appendix describes the general criteria for selecting the appropriate analytical method to be used. (102687)
CIS 03-1823 Code of practice for preparation and use of material safety data sheets (MSDS). Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 69p. Illus. Price: SGD 60.00., ISBN 9971-67-931-2 (In English) Internet: This code gives recommendations for the preparation, review, (re)issue and use of material safety data sheets (MSDS). It covers the responsibility of the suppliers and manufacturers of chemical substances and preparations in the compilation and completion of an MSDS, and that of users (employers and employees) to make use of the information in the MSDS to prevent unnecessary exposure to persons in the workplace and community. In the annex: equivalents of the international R and S phrases are given in English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. (102694)
CIS 03-1824 Occupational exposure limits for chemicals in Spain - 2004. (Spanish: Límites de exposición profesional para agentes químicos en España - 2004) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 208p. 11 ref., ISBN 84-7425-658-5 (In Spanish) Internet: This publication lists the occupational exposure limits adopted for chemicals in Spain. Several lists are presented: main list, which provides EINECS and CAS numbers as well as one-day and short-term exposure limits for each substance; classification of carcinogens and mutagens; chemicals for which exposure limits are currently being revised; biological limit values adopted for chemicals, including the biological marker to be measured and the time at which the samples need to be collected; chemicals for which biological limit values are currently being revised; list of chemicals classified by CAS number. (102721)
CIS 03-1825 A step by step guide to COSHH assessment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 2004. viii, 46p. 25 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-2785-3 (In English) Internet: This document is aimed at helping employers to assess their activities under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH, see CIS 03-1023). It describes and explains the principles of assessment with the help of with extensive examples. Topics covered: gathering information on the substances, the work and the working practices; evaluating the risk to health; deciding on the necessary measures to comply with regulations 7-13 of COSHH; recording the assessment; when the assessment needs to be reviewed; skills required for conducting an assessment; concept of "reasonable practicability". Replaces CIS 01-186. (102847)
CIS 03-1826 Health without tobacco: Technical and methodological guide - Programme for a tobacco-smoke free environment. (Spanish: Salud sin tabaco: Guía técnica-metodológica - Programa Ambientes Libres del Humo de Tabaco) Gobierno de Chile, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile, 2002. 181p, Illus. 37 ref. (technical guide); 57p. (directory). (In Spanish) Internet: As part an anti-smoking drive, the Chilean government has implemented a programme entitled "Tobacco smoke-free environments". A technical guide first describes the damages caused by smoking, with emphasis on the risks to women, followed by prevention strategies for controlling smoking at the workplace and the approach for obtaining the accreditation of workplaces as being smoke-free environments. A directory lists 502 organizations and enterprises having publicly declared being "smoke-free", classified by region and locality. Smoke-free environments are signalled with a board on which it is written "breathe deeply". (102892)
CIS 03-1827 1,3-Butadiene in air: Laboratory method using pumped samplers, thermal desorption and gas chromatography. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2003. 11p. 24 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2735-7 (In English) Internet: This revised analytical method is aimed at occupational hygienists, safety practitioners and laboratory technicians. It describes the sampling of 1,3-butadiene in air using pumped samplers, thermal desorption and gas phase chromatography. The main changes with respect to the earlier edition include the recommendation for using a drying pre-filter when using molecular sieve 13X sorbent, and for adding new validation data for molecular sieve 13X and graphitized carbon black sorbents. Contents: requirements of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (see CIS 03-1023); scope; reagents; apparatus; procedure; calculation of results; method performance; quality control measures. Replaces CIS 92-589. (102946)
CIS 03-1828 Respirable crystalline silica - phase 2: Carcinogenicity - Hazard assessment document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2003. vi, 91p. 103 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-2191-X (In English) Internet: Main conclusion of this risk assessment document on respirable crystalline silica (RCS): the weight of evidence from epidemiological studies, combined with evidence from animal studies and current understanding of the likely toxicological mechanisms underpinning the development of lung cancer in rats exposed to RCS, supports the view that RCS has the potential to cause lung cancer in humans, especially when that exposure is heavy and prolonged. (102947)
CIS 03-1829 List of hazardous substances and preparations under annex I of the directive 67/584/EEC [Germany]. (German: Liste der gefährlichen Stoffe und Zubereitungen nach Anhang I der Richtlinie 67/548/EWG) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 579p. Price: EUR 41.00., ISBN 3-89701-397-5 (In German) Internet: This document presents the contents of the list of dangerous substances and preparations of the 25th adaptation of Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 00-1229) in a modified layout. For each substance, the following information is provided: name; INDEX, EC and CAS numbers; toxicity class; labelling (danger symbols, R and S phrases); maximum concentrations; toxicity and labelling of preparations. Replaces the 1996 list (see CIS 96-2259). (102968)
CIS 03-1830 Isocyanates: Health hazards and precautionary measures. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 5th ed., 2001. 12p. 28 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-1701-7 (In English) Internet: Contents of this guidance note on health hazards posed by exposure to isocyanates and precautionary measures: occurrence and use of isocyanates; effects on health; exposure evaluation; prevention and control of exposure; maximum exposure limits adopted in the United Kingdom (8h TWA: 0.02mg/m3; 15min TWA: 0.07mg/m3, both expressed in terms of free isocyanate groups); monitoring exposure; health surveillance and health records; notification of reportable diseases; first aid; welfare facilities; training, instruction and information; information for emergency services; safety representatives. Appendices list isocyanates commonly used in industry and the suitability of monitoring methods for these substances. (102973)
CIS 03-1831 List of MAK and BAT values 2003. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003. 230p. Illus., ISBN 3-527-27517-7 (In English) Internet: Contents of the 2003 edition of the list of maximum concentrations and biological tolerance values at the workplace: significance, use and derivation of maximum concentrations (MAK) values; significance and use of biological tolerance (BAT) values; lists of substances; carcinogenic substances; sensitizing substances; aerosols; limitation of exposure peaks; MAK values and pregnancy; biological guideline values (BLW). (102978)
CIS 03-1832 Measurement of personal exposure of metalworking machine operators to airborne water-mix metalworking fluid - Elemental marker method using flame atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2003. 19p. 31 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2734-9 (In English) Internet: This method for the determination of hazardous substances describes an elemental marker method for measurement of personal exposure of metalworking machine operators to airborne water-mix metalworking fluid, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The sampling time for which the method is suitable is dependent on the sensitivity of the analytical technique used for measurement of the marker element, the concentration of the marker element in the machine sump fluid and the fluid dilution. A sampling time in the range of two to eight hours is recommended when boron or potassium is used as marker element, and eight hours is recommended when sodium is used as marker element. (102945)
CIS 03-1833 Solvents. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2003. 2p. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet describes the hazards associated with the use of solvents and solvent-based construction products and provides guidance on the avoidance of health hazards, particularly in poorly ventilated areas. Contents: health effects (inhalation of vapours, skin absorption, skin and eye contact, ingestion); legal provisions; preventing and controlling exposure; personal protective equipment (overall, gloves, face shield, respirator); hygiene; first aid. Reprinted with updated references (replaces CIS 00-503). (102651)
CIS 03-1834 Lead - The hazard still exists. (French: Plomb - Le risque persiste) Roulleau C., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Mar. 2001. 19p. Illus. 15 réf. Price: EUR 1.50., ISBN 2-7389-0656-7 (In French) Internet: This special feature describes the current situation with respect to the persistence of lead-related hazards in the construction industry, in particular during building renovation work. A field report presents the efforts undertaken by a lead battery manufacture with respect to managing hazards from lead. (102758)
CIS 03-1835 Assessing and controlling styrene levels during contact moulding of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) products. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2003. 4p. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: Styrene vapour can cause irritation to the nose, throat and lungs. Its neurological effects include difficulty in concentrating, drowsiness, headaches and nausea. Splashes are also irritating to the eyes and skin. The current 8h time-weighted average exposure limit for styrene is 100ppm, with a short-term (15min) exposure limit of 250ppm. This information sheet summarizes the health hazards that can arise from exposure to styrene and provides practical guidance to fibre-reinforced plastics manufacturers on how to assess, control and monitor this exposure. Contents: health hazards and legal requirements under the Control of Substances Dangerous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH 2002, see CIS 03-1023); controlling the exposure; assessing the risk; monitoring and maintaining the technical control measures (ventilation and other measures); health surveillance. (102660)
CIS 03-1836 NIOSH Alert - Prevention of lung disease in workers who use or make flavorings. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2002, USA, Dec. 2003. 15p. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet describes health effects that may occur because of workplace exposure to flavourings or their ingredients. It gives examples of workplace settings in which lung disease has occurred, and recommends steps that companies and workers should take to prevent hazardous exposures. An appendix includes a list of flavouring substances with the corresponding OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs). (102538)
CIS 03-1837 LEV: Dust capture at sawing machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2003. 2p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet provides guidance for the design of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) fitted to sawing machines, and is aimed at machine designers and users, as well as at designers, installers and users of LEV systems. Contents: appropriate LEVs for circular bench saws, travelling cross-cut saws and band saws. (102655)
CIS 03-1838 LEV: Dust capture at fixed drum and disc sanding machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2003. 2p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet provides guidance for the design of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) fitted to fixed drum and disc sanding machines, and is aimed at machine designers and users, as well as at designers, installers and users of LEV systems. Contents: appropriate LEVs for drum sanders and disc sanders. (102656)
CIS 03-1839 Safe use of cleaning chemicals in the hospitality industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2003. 4p. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: Many different types of hazardous cleaning chemicals are used in the hospitality industry. This information sheet gives guidance to reduce the risk of accidental injury or ill health at work. Contents: health hazards due to contact with the skin or eyes, inhalation and swallowing; three case studies of typical accidents and appropriate prevention measures; legal requirements applying to the use of cleaning chemicals; risk assessment in 12 steps to be carried out by the employer; guidance for employees. (102676)
CIS 03-1840 Handling of genotoxic substances in laboratories: Prevention and safety. (French: Manipulation des substances génotoxiques utilisées en laboratoire: prévention et sécurité) Castegnaro M., Dayan-Kenigsberg J., Pleven C., Picot A., Rousselin X., Zajdela F., Falcy M., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., Dec. 2001. 116p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: EUR 11.50., ISBN 2-7389-0324-X (In French) Internet: The handling and use of potentially genotoxic substances, namely carcinogens, mutagens and/or substances that show reproductive toxicity are widely used today in biological and biomedical research. This guide is the result of the efforts of a working group set up by the French National Commission on Cancer, under the aegis of the General Directorate of Health. It consists of three parts: instructions and recommendations applicable to the various phases of handling; list of the main genotoxic substances used in laboratories with their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties; treatment of wastes before discharging. (102752)
CIS 03-1841 Limitations and prohibitions of the use and commercialization of chemicals in occupational settings. (French: Limitations et interdictions d'emploi et de mise sur le marché des produits chimiques en milieu professionnel) Ménard A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, July 2002. 71p. Price: EUR 9.40., ISBN 2-7389-1087-4 (In French) Internet: This booklet summarizes the regulatory provisions that prohibit or limit the use and commercialization of chemicals in occupational settings in France. The legal texts cited, which originate from the ministries responsible for labour, health, industry, the environment and the economy concern both business owners and manufacturers or suppliers of these products. Information can be accessed either through the chemical name of the substance or through its CAS registry number. (102754)
CIS 03-1842 NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards and other databases. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 2003. CD-ROM containing files in HTML and PDF formats. (In English) Internet: This version of the NIOSH Pocket Guide (NPG) on CD-ROM is a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals and chemical classes aimed at workers, employers and occupational health professionals. It presents the following information in summary or tabular form: chemical name, synonyms, trade names, conversion factors, CAS, RTECS, and DOT Numbers; NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (NIOSH RELs); OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); NIOSH Immediate Dangerous to Life and Health values (NIOSH IDLHs); chemical and physical properties; measurement methods; personal protection and sanitation recommendations; respirator recommendations; information on health hazards including route, symptoms, first aid and target organ information. Update of CIS 02-880. (102537)
CIS 03-1843 Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with other worldwide occupational exposure values - CD-ROM - 2003, single user version. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45240, USA. 2003. CD-ROM for Windows, requiring Microsoft Access 97 or more recent., ISBN 1-882417-53-4 (In English) Internet: This CD-ROM contains the database and associated documentation of the 2001 editions of the threshold limit values (TLVs) and biological exposure indices (BEIs), together with the 2002 and 2003 supplements. The database contains not only the ACGIH TLVs and BEIs for chemical substances, but also occupational exposure limit values from an additional 31 countries or agencies. In addition, the carcinogenicity classifications by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) are included. Replaces CIS 95-1470. (102592)
CIS 03-1844 Safe and ecological gas filling of systems and installations: Vacuum method. (Polish: Bezpieczne i ekologiczne napełnianie gazem sieci i instalacji: Metoda próżniowa) Podziemski T., Michalczyk J., Bałut H., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.28-29. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: This article describes a new vacuum-based method for the filling of systems and installations with gases. It is claimed that this method eliminates the possibility of explosive mixture formation and the release of gases to the atmosphere during the gas filling procedure. (102566)
CIS 03-1845 Safe workplaces: Joint campaign of the Polish and Danish labour inspections. (Polish: Bezpieczny zakład: Wspólna kampania polskiej i duńskiej inspekcji pracy) Mauer E., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.13-15. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents the information campaign carried out in Poland on preventive measures in chemical plants that represent major hazards. The campaign was organized jointly by the Polish State Labour Inspection and the National Working Environment Authority in Denmark. During the campaign, a symposium was held concerning this topic at Nowa Sarzyna (Poland) on 26-31 May 2003, which was attended by representatives of enterprises and the researchers concerned. (102574)
CIS 03-1846 Issues for major hazard regulation. Hopkins A., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.183-189. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: This paper discusses the evolution of safety case legislation in Australia over the last few years, with particular reference to both the offshore oil industry and major hazard facilities in the State of Victoria. It argues that if the legislation is to be effective, at least three issues need to be addressed: the need for the regime to go beyond legislation to enforcement, the tension between self-regulation and prescription which is inherent in major hazard regulation and the question of where in the bureaucracy the regulator should be located. (102905)
CIS 03-1847 Changing the attitudes and behaviour of employees in order to reduce the risk of major industrial accidents. (Polish: Kształtowanie postaw i zachowań pracowników w celu przeciwdziałania poważnym awariom przemysłowym) Michalik J.S., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.8-11. 12 ref. (In Polish) Internet: This article presents provisions of the Seveso II Directive, Polish environmental protection regulations (Prawo ochrony środowiska) and the Ordinance of the Minister of Economy concerning major accident prevention policy (MAPP), including discussions of safety management systems (SMS) and internal emergency plans (IEP). On the basis of these provisions, the article discusses tasks and activities aimed at encouraging safe attitudes, skills, awareness and behaviour of employees at all levels, made necessary for meeting the objectives of the MAPP, SMS and IEP. (102573)
CIS 03-1848 Assessment of benefits of fire compartmentation in chemical warehouses. Houlding R.C., Pew P.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. ii, 55p. Illus. 43 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2744-6 (In English) Internet: This report concerns the fire protection measures that can be applied in non-pesticide chemical warehouses. Specific advice for the design of such warehousing is lacking, particularly with regard to the minimization of off-site hazards by taking into account the effects of dispersion of smoke. The report discusses the benefit of various compartment wall options in mitigating fire hazards, and describes the development of a model for comparing the risk reduction resulting from the installation of different fire protection measures within a chemical warehouse site. The model considers the relative benefit of fire protection measures in limiting fire spread. The report also discusses potential areas for model improvement. (102784)
CIS 03-1849 Reaction inhibition in the control of exothermic runaway. Middle K.V., Bussey R., Cusco L., Kerr D., Snee T.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. iv, 72p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: GBP 30.00., ISBN 0-7176-2730-6 (In English) Internet: The main element of this research project was the design and running of a series of pilot scale trials into the inhibition of an uncontrolled styrene polymerization, together with the associated laboratory and analytical work to plan the tests safely. This report summarizes the work conducted during the project, together with significant background information, and places the results into an industrial context. This work has drawn together existing literature and demonstrated the effectiveness of reaction inhibition at a pilot plant scale. A greater understanding of the prospects for inhibition as a basis of safety, and the factors to be considered during its utilization, has been achieved. (102944)
CIS 03-1850 Safe plant: The chemical enterprise "Organica-Sarzyna S.A.". (Polish: Bezpieczny zakład: Zakłady Chemiczne "Organika Sarzyna" S.A.) Kozyra C., Serafin J., Mazurkiewicz B., Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy Główny Inspektorat Pracy, ul. Krucza 38/42 Warszawa, Poland, 2003. 11 p. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: Booklet on the "Organika Sarzyna" chemical plant in Poland. Contents: historical background; efforts for the improvement of working conditions; health service for employees; protection against fire and chemical hazards; storage of dangerous substances; plant safety and health organization. (102580)
CIS 03-1851 Fire and explosion hazards in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. (Spanish: Riesgo de incendio y explosión en atmósferas sobreoxigenadas) Alonso Valle F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 6p. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Oxygen is frequently used in industry or medicine in compressed gas or liquefied form. The objective of this information note is to make users of oxygen aware of the fire and explosion hazards resulting from oxygen-enriched atmospheres. Contents: physical properties of oxygen; uses; containers and colour-coding of gas cylinders; flammability and explosibility characteristics; situations that may give rise to fire or explosion hazards; ignition sources in oxygen-enriched atmospheres; technical prevention measures; oxygen detection methods; training and information of workers; procedures to be followed in the event of fires caused by oxygen; oxygen compatibility with of various materials. (102640)
CIS 03-1852 Specification for electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 11: Intrinsic safety "i". Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 98p. Illus. Price: SGD 87.00., ISBN 9971-67-951-5 (In English) Internet: This standard is identical to IEC 60079-11. It specifies the construction and testing of intrinsically safe apparatus intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres and for associated apparatus, which are intended for connection to intrinsically safe circuits which enter such atmospheres. It also contains details of the test apparatus for intrinsically safe circuits. (102695)
CIS 03-1853 Approved carriage list - Information approved for the carriage of dangerous goods by road and rail other than explosives and radioactive material. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 2002. iv, 228p. lllus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 14.75., ISBN 0-7176-1681-9 (In English) Internet: This Approved Carriage List was approved for the purposes of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations 1996 (CIS 97-377), the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996 (CIS 97-1081), and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996 (CIS 97-369). It updates and replaces an earlier edition (CIS 96-2253). For each dangerous substance in the list, information is provided on: shipping name; UN number; classification for carriage; packing group; emergency action code; whether or not the substance can be carried in tanks or in bulk; and any special provisions. (102849)
CIS 03-1854 Reducing the risk of fire or explosion during the manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) products. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2003. 4p.12 ref. (In English) Internet: Several combustible substances may be found in fibre laminating workshops, including peroxides, toluene, styrene, acetone and plastic dust liberated during milling. This information sheet covers the control of fire and explosion hazards in fibre laminating workshops. It can be used to help carry out hazard evaluations and decide on the control measures necessary to comply with the law. Contents: hazards; control measures (daily, monthly and annual checks); control measures appropriate for each of the substances during storage, use, spillage, recovery and disposal. (102659)
CIS 03-1855 Gas safety in catering and hospitality. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2004. 6p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet is aimed at catering and hospitality businesses and contains guidance on safety during the installation, use and maintenance of gas-fired equipment used for cooking. Contents: responsibilities of landlords, catering business owners and gas appliance installers; United Kingdom regulations and standards applicable to new and existing installations; ventilation; mobile equipment and mobile catering; carbon monoxide alarms; blowtorches; ventilation. (102654)
CIS 03-1856 Safe plant - A hundred ways to avoid trouble - A guide. (Polish: Bezpieczny zakład - Sto sposobów na uniknięcie kłopotów - Poradnik) Ratajczak J., Majka A., Chmiel M., Janik P., Dziwulski D., Porowski R., Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy Główny Inspektorat Pracy, ul. Krucza 38/42 Warszawa, Poland, 2003. 48 p. Illus. (In Polish) Internet: This booklet presents the most common hazards arising as a result of major accidents and natural disasters. It also addresses the consequences of these hazards for people and environment, the ways to prevent such consequences and rules of conduct to be followed in the event of their occurrence. The booklet was published in co-operation with National Working Environment Authority in Denmark. (102529)
CIS 03-1857 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002. Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. vi, 93p. Illus. Price: GBP 15.50., ISBN 0-7176-2203-7 (In English) Internet: This document provides a general Approved Code of Practice and guidance on the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) (see CIS 03-1035). DSEAR sets minimum requirements for the protection of workers from fire and explosion risks related to dangerous substances and potentially explosive atmospheres. The key requirements in DSEAR are that risks from dangerous substances are assessed and eliminated or reduced. The regulations revokes, repeals or modifies a large amount of old legislation relating to flammable substances and dusts. (102718)
CIS 03-1858 Causes of electrical deaths and injuries among construction workers. McCann M., Hunting K.L., Murawski J., Chowdhury R., Welch L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.43, No.4, p.398-406. Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: This study evaluates electrical deaths and injuries to construction workers based on two sources of data: 1,019 electrical deaths identified by the US Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries for the years 1992 to 1998, and 61 electrical injuries identified between November 1, 1990 and December 31, 1998 from a George Washington University Hospital Emergency Department database. Contact with "live" electrical wiring, equipment and light fixtures was the main cause of electrical deaths and injuries among electrical workers, followed by contact with overhead power lines. Among non-electrical workers, contact with overhead power lines was the major cause of death. Other causes included contact with energized metal objects, machinery, power tools and portable lights. Adoption of a lockout/tagout standard for construction and training for non-electrical workers in basic electrical safety would reduce the risk of electrical deaths and injuries in the construction industry. (102511)
CIS 03-1859 Occupational exposure to mechanical vibration in Poland and in member States of the European Union. (Polish: Ocena zawodowej ekspozycji na drgania mechaniczne w Polsce i w krajach Unii Europejskiej) Koton J., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, June 2003, No.6, p.20-24. 9 ref. (In Polish) Internet: Occupational exposure to mechanical vibration may be harmful to workers' health. For evaluating workers' exposure, one needs to measure vibration at workstations. Depending on the results, the risk to workers may need to be reduced. This paper presents a comparison of methods for measuring and evaluating vibration, as well as the regulations on vibration exposure limit values in effect in Poland and in member States of the European Union. (102577)
CIS 03-1860 Noise - Stalking by the decibel hunters. (French: Nuisances sonores - La traque des chasseurs de décibels) Larané A., Jacques J., Travail et sécurité, Feb. 2004, No.637, p.13-22. Illus. 8 ref. (In French) Internet: According to the SUMER 1994 survey, it is estimated that close to 1.8 million workers in France are exposed to sound intensities of more than 85dB(A), threshold above which regulations require the implementation of preventive measures. This feature article describes various methods for measuring noise intensity at the place of work, reports on the efforts undertaken on noise control by various enterprises and presents some of the developments carried out by the French Occupational Safety And Health Institute (INRS), in particular a computer tool entitled "RAYPLUS Acoustique" for predicting noise levels. Contents: hazard identification; evaluation of permissible levels; limitation of noise at source; interventions in enterprises; comparative analyses of equipment; noise measurement standards. (102762)
CIS 03-1861 Advantages and disadvantages of intensive lighting for office work. (German: Vor- und Nachteile intensiver Beleuchtung am Büroarbeitsplatz) Schierz C., Krueger H., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 2002, Special issue, p.269-274. Illus. (In German) Internet: It has been shown that lighting has an effect on the human body. During office work, lighting can have both positive and negative effects. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of intensive lighting with respect to visual performance, stimulation and workers' well-being. An increase in lighting intensity is advisable for certain complex visual tasks as well as for older workers. However, workplace problems often have several causes; consequently, lighting optimization should not preclude employers from carrying out a full ergonomic analysis of the workstation. (102647)
CIS 03-1862 Fluid losses and hydration status of industrial workers under thermal stress working extended shifts. Brake D.J., Bates G.P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2003, Vol.60, No.2, p.90-96. Illus. 44 ref. (In English) Internet: This study examined the fluid consumption, sweat rates and changes in the hydration state of 39 male underground miners in northern Australia on extended shifts under significant levels of thermal stress (WGBT>28°C). Urinary specific gravity was measured before, during and at the completion of the working shift. Environmental conditions were measured hourly during the shift. Fluid replacement was measured during the working periods and during the meal breaks. It was found that dehydration did not occur in well-informed workers. Fluid replacement during meal breaks was not significantly increased above fluid replacement rates during work time. Urinary specific gravity was found to be a good indication of hydration status and a practical method for improving workforce awareness and understanding of this important risk factor. (102583)
CIS 03-1863 Temperature limit values for gripping cold surfaces. Malchaire J., Geng Q., Den Hartog E., Havenith G., Holmer I., Piette A., Powell S.L., Rintamäki H., Rissanen S., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.157-163. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was conducted jointly in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the gripping and handling of cold items. A total of 414 experiments were run where male and female subjects were invited to grip for up to 20min cold bars of different contact coefficients, i.e. polished wood, nylon, stone, steel and aluminium. The air temperature and the bars' initial surface temperatures ranged between 0 and -30°C. The data were used to develop a prediction formula and a graph of the surface temperature limit values in order for the skin contact temperature not to reach <15°C. This duration is shown to offer a significant degree of safety. Experiments and modelling must be pursued to extend these data to other conditions of exposure. (102803)
CIS 03-1864 A valid method for comparing rational and empirical heat stress indices. Brake R., Bates G., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Mar. 2002, Vol.46, No.2, p.165-174. Illus. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: No single heat stress index has gained universal acceptance within the past 20 years, despite extensive research. It is currently difficult to directly and quantitatively compare the many rational and empirical indices that are available, which results in confusion and a reluctance to change to a different index. A method is developed using the concept of limiting metabolic rate, which allows virtually all heat stress indices to be compared. Because all occupational heat stress indices are based, explicitly or implicitly, on the human heat balance equation, a unique value of metabolic rate can be found that just allows an unrestricted work/rest cycle in particular environmental conditions. A comparison using this methodology shows that there are very large differences between the recommended limits under the various indices, even for similar populations of acclimatized workers. (102804)
CIS 03-1865 Working under extreme heat conditions. (French: Travailler dans une chaleur extrême) Vandenkieboom H., Travail et bien-être, Dec. 2002, Vol.5, No.5, p.11-14. Illus. (In French) Internet: This study of heat stress during the maintenance and repair of glass furnaces was carried out after several workers of a glass products manufacturer presented physical disorders (headaches and muscle cramps) following long and repetitive work at the furnaces. Internal heat load during work was determined by measuring pulse rate, body-core temperature and weight loss. External load was determined by measuring WGBT values and noiseand lighting levels. Results indicate that cardiac load limits were clearly exceeded (CLV>100%). Water losses were close to the limit values specified by the WHO, namely 5L per daily period of work. WBGT values ranged between 38.1 and 49.1°C (the legal limit value is 25°C). During certain tasks using pneumatic picks, noise values between 98 and 101db(A) were recorded. In certain cases, the lighting level was below the required minimum of 100lux. Furthermore, certain postures adopted by workers increase the risk of overload of the back and upper extremities. Several recommendations are made based on these findings. (102863)
CIS 03-1866 New criteria for limits of exposure to non-laser optical radiation. (Polish: Nowe kryteria oceny zagrożenia nielaserowym promieniowaniem optycznym) Wolska A., Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.21-24. Illus. 11 ref. (In Polish) Internet: The new Polish regulations related to maximum permissible doses of factors harmful to the health in the working environment came into force on 19 June 2003. They require employers to evaluate radiation hazards in workplaces according to new criteria. This article presents these criteria and their differences from earlier ones, and clarifies some aspects of the new criteria which may be subject to a wrong interpretation. (102564)
CIS 03-1867 Prevalence of self-reported hypersensivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey. Hillert L., Berglind N., Arnetz B.B., Bellander T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 2002, Vol.28, No.1, p.33-41. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in the general population and to describe characteristics of the group reporting such hypersensitivity with regard to demographics, other complaints, hypersensitivities and traditional allergies. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 1997 among 15,000 men and women between 19 and 80 years of age in Stockholm county. The response rate was 73%. One and a half percent of the respondents reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields. Prevalence was highest among women and in the 60-69 age group. The hypersensitive group reported all symptoms, allergies and other types of hypersensitivities included in the survey to a significantly greater extent than the rest of the respondents. (102934)
CIS 03-1868 Hand-arm vibration syndrome in Swedish car mechanics. Barregard L., Ehrenström L., Marcus K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2003, Vol.60, No.4, p.287-294. Illus. 52 ref. (In English) Internet: To assess the frequency of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) among car mechanics and the relation between HAVS and duration of exposure, 806 mechanics answered a questionnaire on vascular and neurological symptoms and exposure to vibrations. Mechanics with symptoms, and some mechanics without symptoms, were invited to a clinical examination. The mean daily exposure to vibrating tools (mainly using nut-runners) was 14 minutes, and the mean length of time in the job was 12 years. Published data have shown vibration levels in nut-runners of about 3.5m/s2. 24% reported cold-induced white finger (WF), 25% persistent numbness and 13% reduced grip force. The clinical examination showed a prevalence of vibration-induced white finger of about 15%, reaching 25% for workers with over 20 years of exposure. The clinical examination revealed neurological symptoms in the hands in about 25% of the subjects, mainly at stage 2. After 20 years, the prevalence was 40%. (102519)
CIS 03-1869 Evaluation of acoustic signals used in industry and in the construction sector. (Spanish: Evaluación de señales acústicas utilizadas en la industria y la construcción) Arana Burgui M., Eransus Izquierdo J., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2003, No.26, p.10-19. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: In order to satisfy safety requirements, acoustic danger signalling must be clearly audible over other ambient noise and be recognizable without doubt. In this study, acoustic signals (warnings, alarms and danger signals) as well as the background noise of four industries (metalworking, paper, chemicals, civil engineering) were recorded. Audibility criteria were analysed according to the UNE 457 standard. Findings show that 48% of the 50 acoustic signals did not meet the audibility criteria (29% in the metalworking industry, 80% in the paper industry and 33% in the chemical industry). All intermittent signals analysed nonetheless met the criteria. All signals met the criteria in the civil engineering sector. Poor results were mostly due to high background noise. The study highlights the general lack of understanding of standards and characteristics of acoustic signals, both among managers and workers at whom this signalling is aimed. (102555)
CIS 03-1870 The effect of seat design on vibration comfort. Wijaya A.R., Jönsson P., Johansson Ö., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2003, Vol.9, No.2, p.193-210. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: A field study was carried out to evaluate drivers' seats designed to minimize vibration transmission and reduce the level of vibration-related discomfort. Two seat designs (sliding or fixed in the horizontal direction) were each evaluated under two conditions of sitting posture, driving speed and type of obstacle. Participants included ten professional drivers, who provided subjective assessments of discomfort and perceived motion. Acceleration and vibration were also recorded. Based on values of maximum transient vibration and vibration dose, it was found that the sliding seat was superior in attenuating transient vibration in the horizontal direction. It was also perceived as giving less overall and low back discomfort compared with the fixed seat. (102526)
CIS 03-1871 Effects of vibrations at the workstations of drivers of trucks of up to 7.5 tons. (German: Schwingungseinwirkung an Arbeitsplätzen von Kraftfahrern auf Lastkraftwagen bis 7,5 t zul. Gesamtgewicht) Fischer S., Göres B., Gondek K.H., Sayn D., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, Sep. 2002. 131p. Illus. 16 ref., ISBN 3-88383-628-1 (In German) Internet: In the context of a study on the vibrations to which drivers of trucks and tractors of over 7.5 tons are subjected, data were also collected for trucks with a maximum permissible laden weight of 7.5 tons. 45 vehicles were equipped with instrumentation for measuring vibration and vibration acceleration during typical journeys at the point of anchoring of the seat in the cab as well as on the drivers' body along three axes (back/chest, shoulder/shoulder and vertically along the spinal column). Results indicate that the spectral distribution and intensity of the vibrations are comparable to those recorded for trucks of more than 7.5 tons. (102966)
CIS 03-1872 Use of self-rescuers in hot and humid mines. Jones B., Brenkley D., Jozefowicz R.R., Whitaker J., Shotton J., Booth A.P., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. vi, 147p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 30.00., ISBN 0-7176-2788-8 (In English) Internet: The concept of self-rescue is based on the assumption that underground mineworkers have the required physical and mental capacities. However, there is insufficient knowledge concerning the personal endurance limits associated with the extended wearing of mining industry respiratory protective devices under high physiological stress conditions. In response to these issues, a research programme was defined, consisting of a literature review, an audit of climatic conditions, laboratory investigations and climatic chamber respiratory equipment wearing trails. This work has provided a wider understanding of the physiological response to the wearing of escape respiratory protective devices under hot and humid conditions, enabling recommendations to be made with respect to the selection and use of self-rescuers appropriate to the prevailing deep mine conditions in the United Kingdom. (102533)
CIS 03-1873 A comparison of oxygen decompression tables for use in compressed air work. Flook V., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. iv, 57p. Illus. 9 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2703-9 (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to compare tables used for oxygen decompression in compressed air tunneling work. Comparisons were based on mathematical simulations of decompression using a model validated for decompression studies in an earlier study. Tables from Brazil, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the USA were included, together with United Kingdom tables using oxygen as the breathing gas for the stops from 0.6bar to surface pressure. The main findings of this study were that the United Kingdom tables are predicted to have a volume of gas carried in bubbles within the range of that for the other tables studied, and that the other tables could all be considered acceptable in United Kingdom. (102531)
CIS 03-1874 Human factors in decompression sickness in compressed air workers in the United Kingdom 1986-2000: A case-control study and analysis using the HSE Decompression Database. Colvin A.P., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. vi, 65p. 104 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2771-3 (In English) Internet: This report presents the findings of a case-control study of hyperbaric chamber workers in the United Kingdom in which subjects with repetitive decompression sickness (DCS) were matched to two control groups. An analysis of the decompression database of the Health and Safety Executive was undertaken to examine the relative contribution of those workers with repetitive DCS to the overall number of DCS episodes during the study period. Results show that 4% of the workforce in the decompression database suffered 50% of the episodes requiring therapeutic recompression. This study did not find any differences in the personal characteristics of compressed air workers with multiple, single or zero episodes of DCS according to the type of work contract, occupation or exposure. (102713)
CIS 03-1875 Dose constraints for comforters and carers. Singleton M., Griffiths C., Morrison G., Soanes T., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. iv, 62p. 44 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2748-9 (In English) Internet: This report was prepared to enable guidance to be developed for employers, to assist them in meeting relevant legislative requirements for the exposure of persons who offer support and care to patients undergoing procedures involving ionizing radiation where this would not be considered directly part of their occupation. The report identifies relevant legislation and guidance, discusses its interpretation, identifies circumstances in which these persons are exposed and presents information relating to the extent of these exposures, including results of dose measurements. Significant use of published information has been made, that has been supplemented wherever possible, with contributions from healthcare professionals. (102787)
CIS 03-1876 Radiation terrorism. (French: Terrorisme radiologique) Laroche P., de Carbonnières H., Elsevier SAS, 23 rue Limois, 75725 Paris cedex 15, France, 2004. 120p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 32.00., ISBN 2-84299-578-3 (In French) Internet: The nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) threat identified during the cold war years has gradually given way to the NRBC threat, the threat of radiation being added to the other three. This radiation threat is very diverse. The medical treatment of victims of radiation attacks concerns not only the few specialists trained in this field, but also persons having various competencies but not necessarily knowledgeable when it comes to radiation risks. The aim of this publication is to provide these persons with the information necessary to provide efficient care under the safest possible conditions. Contents: definition and characteristics of radiation terrorism; general aspects of ionizing radiation; sources that may be used in radiation terrorism attacks (radiological and nuclear weapons); emergency organization; declaring an alert; medical treatment of victims; examples of scenarios. (102868)
CIS 03-1877 Estimation of the effective attenuation of hearing protectors. (Spanish: Estimación de la atenuación efectiva de los protectores auditivos) Luna Mendaza P., Guasch Farrás J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 5p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Hearing protectors need to comply with certain requirements concerning noise attenuation. Noise attenuation is constant for each octave band, but the overall attenuation differs according to the noise frequency spectra. This information note describes the methods used for calculating the various noise attenuation indices that allow the determination of the effective residual noise load at the ear. Contents: definition of the various noise level attenuation parameters; octave band method; H, M and L method; SNR (Single Number Rating) method; example simulating the exposure of a worker as a function of time and use of hearing protectors. (102688)
CIS 03-1878 Vibrations at the workplace. (French: Les vibrations aux postes de travail) International Social Security Association (ISSA), Le Comité international pour la Recherche, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Dec. 1989. 49p. Illus. 27 ref. (In French) Internet: The objective of this booklet is to provide an overview of the problems resulting from occupational exposure to vibrations, and to improve the understanding of the nature of these problems and their possible solutions. Contents: characteristics of vibrations and vibration sources; vibration measurement and assessment; effects of exposure to vibrations (vibrations transmitted to the hand-arm system, vibrations transmitted to the whole body); examples of exposure to vibration; protection against vibration (technical measures, vibration protective gloves, medical supervision). (102866)
CIS 03-1879 Guide for safety assessors on hot work certification. Association of Singapore Marine Industries (ASMI), Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 22p. (In English) Internet: This guide provides guidelines for safety assessors appointed under Regulation 35(3) of the Factories (Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing) Regulations (CIS 00-12) for the purpose of certification of hot work areas in relation to the issuing of work permits. Contents: definitions; relevant regulations; duties and responsibilities of safety assessors; hot work endorsement; validity of the hot work permit; other conditions to be observed by the safety assessor during hot work inspection; recording of inspections; general guidelines on the use of a combustible gas detector. In appendices: extracts from relevant regulations, sample forms of a hot work permit and of a record of failed inspection; safety checklists. (102698)
CIS 03-1880 Radiation protection and the management of radioactive waste in the oil and gas industry. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2003. 130p. Illus. 104 ref. Price of print edition: EUR 20.00. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-0-114003-7 (In English) Internet: This safety report documents the practical radiation protection and radioactive waste safety measures that are taken in the oil and gas industry in order to implement the requirements of the International Basic Safety Standards and the guidance provided in various safety guides. It also includes detailed information on training and supervision, radiation monitoring, decontamination methods and radioactive waste characterization. It is aimed at regulatory bodies, oil and gas field operators and service companies, workers and their representatives, health, safety and environmental protection professionals, and health and safety training officers. (102601)
CIS 03-1881 Radiation protection against radon in workplaces other than mines. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2003. 74p. Illus. 126 ref. Price of print edition: EUR 19.00. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-0-113903-9 (In English) Internet: This report deals with radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) and their decay products in workplaces other than mines. It is intended for use in the application of radiation protection principles in sectors where employers may not have an extensive background in radiation protection. It provides practical information on workplace radiation levels above which action is necessary, on monitoring techniques and on actions aimed at reducing exposures to radon and thoron and their decay products when necessary. It is also intended to assist regulatory bodies in establishing their own national policies in controlling high radon and thoron exposures of non-mining workforces. (102602)
CIS 03-1882 Assessment of occupational exposure due to external sources of radiation - Safety Guide. (French: Evaluation de l'exposition professionnelle due aux sources externes de rayonnements - Guide de sûreté; Russian: Ocenka professional'nogo oblučenija ot vnešnih istočnikov ionizirujuščego izlučenija - Rukovodstvo po bezopasnosti; Spanish: Evaluación de la exposición ocupacional debida a fuentes externas de radiación - Guía de seguridad) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 1999. 89p. Illus. 55 ref. Price of print edition: EUR 14.50. Downloadable version free of charge., ISBN 92-0-101799-5 (En), ISBN 92-0-215503-8 (fr), ISBN 92-0-300704-0 (es) (In English, French, Russian, Spanish) Internet: This Safety Guide prepared jointly by the IAEA and the ILO gives general advice on the assessment of exposure to external sources of radiation in the workplace and the monitoring of workers and the workplace in such situations. It also reflects the major changes over the past decade in international practice in external dose assessment. It further provides the necessary guidance to meet the requirements as laid down in the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (1996) (see CIS 96-1472). A CD-ROM containing this Safety Guide was already abstracted under CIS 03-411. (102603)
CIS 03-1883 Lasers. (French: Les lasers) Hée G., Méreau P., Dornier G., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Dec. 2001. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: EUR 1.50. (In French) Internet: Lasers (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) are a source of coherent optical radiation, often included in instruments or machinery, that produce a beam of monochromatic light. Lasers are used in a wide variety of applications: industry, medicine, defence, art, shows, etc. This information sheet presents an overview of current understanding concerning lasers, with emphasis on the following aspects: laser technology; main uses; health hazards including effects on skin and eyes; regulations and standardization; protective measures; INRS research. (102628)
CIS 03-1884 Ionizing radiation: Protection standards. (Spanish: Radiaciones ionizantes: normas de protección) Pascual Benés A., Gadea Carrera E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 10p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note focuses on protective measures against ionizing radiation in accordance with Spanish Royal Decree 783/2001 concerning radiation protection (see CIS 03-1525). Topics addressed: classification of ionizing radiation; values and measuring units; protective measures (dose limitation, information and training of workers, classification and visual identification of zones, monitoring of workplace atmospheres, evaluation and implementation of radiation protection measures, medical supervision, keeping records of workers' exposures); basic radiation protection measures; natural radiation; waste disposal. Replaces CIS 96-1036. (102663)
CIS 03-1885 Driving without shaking. (French: La conduite sans les secousses) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2001. 8p, Illus.; 2003. 10p. Illus.; 1998. 22p. Illus (3 booklets.)., ISBN 2-7389-0194-8, ISBN 2-7389-0579-X, ISBN 2-7389-0681-8 (In French) Internet: Set of three booklets providing guidance on the selection and maintenance of suspension seats. Each is separately aimed at mechanics responsible for the maintenance of suspension seats used in fork-lift trucks, at distributors of seats for agricultural equipment and at occupational safety and health personnel responsible for the selection and replacement of tractor and agricultural equipment seats. (102759)
CIS 03-1886 Code of practice for safe use of lasers in the building and construction industry. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 2000. 21p. Illus. Price: SGD 21.00., ISBN 9971-67-829-2 (In English) Internet: This code of practice specifies the safety requirements for lasers used for alignment, levelling, control and survey tasks in the building and construction industry. It does not cover the design and manufacture of lasers, nor the use of lasers in other applications. (102535)
CIS 03-1887 Noise at woodworking machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2003. 4p. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet provides advice to manufacturers, suppliers, employers and users on the application of the Noise at Work Regulations 1989 (CIS 90-21) to the woodworking industry. Contents: noise levels of various machines; legal requirements; requirements for manufacturers and suppliers (reduction of machinery noise at source; information on noise levels); what machinery purchasers can do; measures to be taken by machinery users; noise awareness and training. A table presents factors which may affect machinery noise emissions. (102678)
CIS 03-1888 Agricultural machinery safety: Regulating the supply chain. Gunningham N., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2003, Vol.19, No.2, p.191-200. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: Occupational health and safety regulation has been far less successful in addressing machinery safety in the agricultural sector than it has been elsewhere. This article identifies the major deficiencies of the existing legislation and standards, with a particular focus on the challenge of regulating "upstream" duty holders. It summarizes the current legal regime and the need for national uniformity, examines the responsibilities of manufacturers, importers, designers and suppliers, identifies serious problems in the regulatory status quo, and suggests how they might be overcome. (102906)
CIS 03-1889 Hand injuries due to high-pressure injection devices for painting in shipyards: Circumstances, management and outcome in twelve patients. Valentino M., Rapisarda V., Fenga C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2003, Vol.43, No.5, p.539-542. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: Injuries due to high-pressure injections are frequently underestimated occupational accidents, which may have disabling outcomes. The occupational injuries logbooks of two shipyards were examined. Twelve accidents due to the utilization of high-pressure equipment were reported. Data were obtained by reviewing the employers' logbooks and hospital records. Contaminants were epoxy paint and stucco, paint solvent, hydraulic and industrial oil. The palm was injured in three cases and the fingers in nine. In 91% of cases, the accident occurred in the last two hours of the work shift. Causes were mishandling in nine cases and rupture of the high-pressure equipment in three. Mean time to medical treatment was 42.5hr. Ten workers were permanently disabled. Prompt surgical intervention with debridement and decompression was done in two workers, who healed completely. The ten patients who were not treated immediately eventually experienced a high rate of disability and five of them also suffered amputation. (102919)
CIS 03-1890 Reasons for applying innovations for scaffolding work. de Jong A.M., van der Molen H., Vink P., Eikhout S., Koningsveld E., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2003, Vol.9, No.2, p.161-175. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: In an earlier study based on a participatory ergonomic approach, innovations were developed to reduce problems related to the physical workload of scaffolding workers. This study investigates the reasons why these technical and organizational innovations were or were not applied. The survey involved 48 enterprises in the scaffolding sector in the Netherlands. It was found that more than half of these enterprises had adopted the innovations. Among the reasons cited for applying the innovations were improvements in working conditions and health, as well as worker satisfaction. Enterprises not applying the innovations were mostly involved in specific areas, such as offshore work, where the improvements were not applicable. (102524)
CIS 03-1891 Safeguarding crushing points by limitation of forces. Mewes D., Mauser F., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2003, Vol.9, No.2, p.177-191. Illus. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: Limitation of forces can be a simple means of safeguarding crushing points at doors, machines and vehicles. Various standards have specified a threshold force value of 150N. However, this widely-accepted value refers to static forces only. Dynamic forces that arise from impact on the human body are often ignored, although they are generally stronger than static forces. The article describes an instrument for measuring both static and dynamic crushing forces. This instrument has a stiffness that approximates the average stiffness of human fingers, which are among the most at-risk parts of the human body with regard to crushing injuries. Sensory tests were carried out with the instrument to define the dynamic forces considered permissible at points presenting crushing hazards. (102525)
CIS 03-1892 Stability and support of sides of mine roadways. Bigby D., Cassie J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. xviii, 204p. Illus. 44 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2746-2 (In English) Internet: This report addresses a number of areas which required research efforts in order to improve the mining industry's ability to support roadway sides safely. These have included developing an improved appreciation of the failure mechanisms involved and an improved understanding of how coal rib reinforcements behave in situ. There was also a need to develop rib stability risk assessment tools and instrumentation which would allow rib conditions to be monitored and assessed, and appropriate remedial action to be taken to prevent rib falls. Work under the project has contributed to the drafting of a revised British Standard on Strata Reinforcement Support System Components used in Coal Mines - Part 1 (BS7861:1). The project has also developed improved methods of numerical modelling and stress analysis of mine ribsides and pillars including assessment of in situ stress through the detection of the Kaiser Effect. (102785)
CIS 03-1893 Functional tests of ultrasonic ranging warning systems. (German: Funktionsuntersuchungen an Ultraschall-Rangier-Warneinrichtungen) Behrens H., Janßen W., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 58p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: EUR 8.50., ISBN 3-86509-049-4 (In German) Internet: Many fatal accidents occur during the reversing of trucks, earthmoving equipment and fork-lift trucks. A German standard specifying the testing and use of reversing distance sensors (DIN 75031) is aimed at reducing these hazards. This report presents the results of a project to evaluate the ability of reversing distance sensors to recognize obstacles. Three commercially available ultrasonic ranging systems were tested according to DIN 75031. It was found that required safety levels were not always achieved and that reversing distance sensors exhibit significant shortcomings. Additional research efforts are necessary to improve practicability and recognition ratios. (102955)
CIS 03-1894 Causal factors in construction accidents. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. x, 209p. Illus. 35 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2749-7 (In English) Internet: This research used a combination of focus groups and detailed study of 100 construction accidents, based on an ergonomics systems approach, to identify where safety is compromised and why. Drawing together the findings, an accident model has been proposed, illustrating the hierarchy of influences in construction accidents. The model describes how accidents arise from a failure in the interaction between the work team, workplace, equipment and materials. These immediate accident circumstances are affected by shaping factors, whereby the actions, behaviour, capabilities and communication of the work team are affected in turn by their attitudes, motivations, knowledge, skills, supervision, health and fatigue. The workplace is affected by site constraints, work scheduling and housekeeping. It is concluded that achieving a sustained improvement in safety in the construction sector will require concerted efforts directed at all levels in the influence hierarchy. (102788)
CIS 03-1895 Compendium of guards for conventional woodworking machines, second-hand and current models. (French: Recueil des protecteurs pour machines à bois conventionnelles, usagées ou en service) Obrecht P., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Aug. 2001. 35p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Woodworking machine operators very often suffer injuries because of the lack of appropriate guards restricting access to the workpiece while the machine is under operation. The objective of this document is to publish practical details on adjustable guards recognized by INRS as complying with their claimed function, as part of the process of EC certification of the machinery on which they were mounted. It contains 31 sheets describing guards, classified according to the type of machine on which they are mounted: band saws, circular saws, cutting-off machines with retractable blades, surface planers, spindle moulders. (102859)
CIS 03-1896 Adjustable pallet racks. (Spanish: Almacenamiento en estanterías metálicas) Fernández Rougeot G., Rodríguez Planas D., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 11p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the characteristics of metal shelf storage systems for palletized products, as well as the hazards that are inherent to these systems. Contents: types of metal shelf storage systems; hazards resulting from specifications, design, production and assembly; hazards to workers using the storage system; preventive measures to be implemented when using the system. Various sketches and tables describe the dimensions of these systems, acceptable tolerances and maximum admissible deformations. (102667)
CIS 03-1897 Mobile elevating work platforms. (Spanish: Plataformas elevadoras móviles de personal) Tamborero del Pino J.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 9p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the hazards resulting from the use of mobile elevating platforms together with the appropriate preventive measures. Contents: definition, classification and characteristics of mobile elevating platforms; risk factors (falls from heights or on the level, overturning, falls of objects, strikes against objects, entanglement); preventive and protective measures (characteristics of the safety of structures, controls for telescopic systems, work platforms, stabilizing systems, evaluation systems, electrocution prevention, safety standards applicable to the use of this type of equipment); user manuals and signalling plates; training of mobile elevating platform operators; applicable legislation. (102684)
CIS 03-1898 Flooring maintenance aimed at preventing falls from slips. (French: L'entretien des planchers pour la prévention des chutes par glissade) Quirion F., Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. 12p. Illus. 7 ref., ISBN 2-551-42014-4 (In French) Internet: Contents of this technical note on flooring maintenance aimed at preventing falls from slips: glossary; problems caused by flooring maintenance illustrated in the form of comic strips; boxes presenting a concise overview of issues related to the topic (statistics of slip falls in Quebec; lowering of flooring friction caused by contaminants; effect of optimal maintenance on friction; effect of cleaning agents; selection of cleaning agents; proper use of cleaning agents). English version analysed under CIS 04-706. (102766)
CIS 03-1899 Hazards related to the use of portable pneumatic equipment and tools. (Spanish: Riesgos en la utilización de equipos y herramientas portátiles, accionados por aire comprimido) Alonso Valle F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2004. 4p. Illus. 8 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Pneumatic equipment and tools are used in a wide variety of industrial sectors. This information note describes the specific hazards related to the use of this type of equipment together with the appropriate preventive measures. Contents: specific hazards related to compressed air and to the use of pneumatic equipment; preventive measures during installation; precautions to be taken before working with pneumatic tools; precautions to be taken during work with pneumatic tools; what needs to be done on completion of the task; training and information of workers. (102681)
CIS 03-1900 Guide on lock-out and tag-out procedures for the marine industry. Association of Singapore Marine Industries (ASMI), Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 18p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This guide provides guidelines to assist companies in the marine industry in meeting the requirements for the establishment and implementation of lock-out procedures. It also contains guidelines on tag-out procedures so as to ensure that all energy sources to any plant, machinery or equipment are adequately isolated or discharged, and demarcated to prevent inadvertent activation or energization that could cause injury to workers and/or damage to equipment. Appendices include a sample lock-out/tag-out record sheet, a scheme of the general lock-out-tag-out procedure, a list of process and equipment requiring lock-out/tag-out in shipyards, and samples of tags. (102697)
CIS 03-1901 Safe use of forage harvesters. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 3p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet outlines the main hazards arising from the use of forage harvesters, both trailed and self-propelled, and gives advice on how to use them safely. Contents: main hazards; what to do; what not to do; working near overhead power lines; general instructions; legal aspects. Update of CIS 99-301. (102673)
CIS 03-1902 LOLER: How the regulations apply to agriculture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2002. 4p. 1 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet is aimed at employers, the self-employed and contractors in the agricultural industries to help them understand the requirements of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER, CIS 99-1428). Contents: other key legislation for lifting operations; definition of lifting equipment in agriculture; strength and stability; requirements of equipment for lifting people; positioning and installation; marking of lifting equipment; organization of lifting operations; thorough examination; reporting of defects. Update of CIS 00-856. (102674)
CIS 03-1903 Guide for inspection and maintenance of cranes in shipyards. Association of Singapore Marine Industries (ASMI), Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2003. 22p. (In English) Internet: This guide provides guidelines for crane operators, lifting supervisors and crane maintenance personnel in shipyards for the purpose of ensuring safe working conditions while working with cranes, through inspection and enhancing the life span of cranes through planned maintenance. Contents: definitions; relevant regulations; different types of cranes; inspection programme (daily inspection for the different types of cranes, inspection by an approved person); maintenance programme (frequency of maintenance, monthly maintenance for different types of cranes, crane load test). In appendices: extracts from relevant regulations, sample forms of maintenance service reports for different types of cranes. (102699)
CIS 03-1904 Code of practice for the safe use of mobile cranes. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 2000. 67p. Illus. Price: SGD 60.00., ISBN 9971-67-831-4 (In English) Internet: This code of practice provides information about the construction, application, operation, maintenance and testing of mobile cranes for their safe use. It covers fully-mobile and semi-mobile land-based cranes except for lorry loaders, while excluding equipment used for specialized operations or operations which cannot be strictly speaking considered to constitute lifting, such as those using equipment used in demolition, piling and grabbing. (102534)
CIS 03-1905 Safe movement of trains - Railway Safety Principles and Guidance, Part 3 Section B. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 64p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 12.95., ISBN 0-7176-2727-6 (In English) Internet: The guidance on railway safety was developed by industry experts and will help in the development of safety cases and railway standards. It is aimed mainly at those responsible for safe train movements, particularly those working for infrastructure controllers, and train and station operators. This publication sets out essential principles and guidance regarding operational aspects of rail safety. It deals specifically with the risks affecting the movement of trains, such as collisions between trains or with obstructions on the line. It also includes guidance on the wider aspects of the carriage of dangerous goods by rail and on the operational aspects of evacuation and escape from trains in an emergency. (102720)
CIS 03-1906 Road hazards faced by employees - Understanding in order to act - Evaluation guide. (French: Risque routier encouru par les salariés - Comprendre pour agir - Guide d'évaluation) Lefebvre M., Sésé B., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, Oct. 2001. 34p. Illus. Price: EUR 7.30., ISBN 2-7389-0975-2 (In French) Internet: Around 800 persons are killed each year in France in commuting or work-related road accidents, making them the prime cause of occupational fatalities. When not fatal, these accidents are often more serious than accidents that occur within the enterprise. Even though these accidents occur off premises, it remains possible for enterprises to contain these hazards on the condition that they be addressed like other occupational hazards. This guide presents a global approach for the prevention of road hazards consisting of the following six steps: ensure the commitment of all parties; analyse the causes; develop an action plan; implement the actions; evaluate the actions; ensure sustainability of the actions by integrating the prevention plan into the daily operations of the enterprise. (102755)
CIS 03-1907 Roll cages and wheeled racks in the food and drink industries: Reducing manual handling injuries. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2003. 4p. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: The movement, loading and unloading of rolled cages and wheeled racks used in the food and drink industries often result in injuries. This information sheet provides guidance on good design and proper usage of this equipment aimed at plant managers, purchasers of equipment and persons responsible for risk assessment within the food and drink industries. Contents: types of equipment; injuries associated with their use; designs to reduce injuries; hazard evaluation; safe working methods; maintenance; legal aspects. (102657)
CIS 03-1908 Safety in window cleaning using portable ladders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2003. 6p. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: Window cleaning traditionally involves the use of portable ladders which can cause accidents with severe injuries. These accidents are usually due to the misuse of a ladder or an error by the worker. This information sheet sets out practical precautions to help window cleaners reduce risks to as low a level as possible, taking into account the needs of the job. Contents: measures to avoid the risk; choice of equipment; common hazards associated with the use of ladders (falls, injury during handling of ladders, injury to others from falling tools); characteristics of the ladder (strength, length, maintenance, stability); correct use of ladders; manual handling; work above roofs; requirements for commercial premises; lone workers; common misuses; training and competence; personal protective equipment; supervision. (102680)
CIS 03-1909 Microbiological load of a ventilation system filter. (German: Mikrobiologische Belastung des Filters einer Lüftungsanlage) Akzente - Magazin für Arbeitssicherheit, Gesundheitsschutz und Rehabilitation, Jan.-Feb. 2003, No.1, p.8-9. Illus. (In German) Internet: Some employees of a dairy working in humid environments were found to suffer from repeated respiratory diseases. It was therefore decided to investigate the possible causes. It was found that the filter of one of the three ventilation systems was humid while the other two were dry, and that it contained very high levels of endotoxins and moulds, since their proliferation is favoured by humidity. This problem was related to a faulty design of the ventilation system which used partly re-circulated air mixed with fresh air, a process which allows energy savings. The article emphasizes the importance of controlling the air in production facilities equipped with ventilation systems. (102964)
CIS 03-1910 The transmission of tuberculosis in the light of new molecular biological approaches. Seidler A., Nienhaus A., Diel R., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2004, Vol.61, No.2, p.96-102. 71 ref. (In English) Internet: This review briefly summarizes the recent achievements in tuberculosis epidemiology associated with the introduction of molecular methods, and considers the implications of these methods for the understanding of occupational tuberculosis transmission. Special attention is paid to the relative contribution of recently-transmitted tuberculosis, risk factors for recent transmission and the occurrence and frequency of exogenous re-infection. It is concluded that there is a need for occupational epidemiological studies that combine the methods of classical epidemiology with those of molecular epidemiology. (102771)
CIS 03-1911 Current situation with respect to zoonoses: 30th National Symposium of Agricultural Medicine. (French: L'actualité des zoonoses - XXXe symposium national de médecine agricole) Le Bâcle C., ed., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2003, No.96, p.459-473. (In French) Internet: The objective of this symposium on zoonoses held on 25 April 2003 in Tours, France, was to discuss the current situation of known zoonoses and to shed light on emerging pathologies. The wide range of participants included medical practitioners from the farmers' cooperative insurance company, occupational physicians, infectologists, veterinarians and biologists. Topics presented and reviewed in this article include: main zoonoses transmitted by farm animals; main zoonoses transmitted by domestic animals; zoonoses from wild animals; current advances in human medicine; Q fever in France and recent epidemics; psittacosis and poultry farming; toxocariasis among humans. (102873)
CIS 03-1912 Health effects associated with indoor storage of organic waste. Herr C.E.W., zur Nieden A., Stilianakis N.I., Gieler U., Eikmann T.F., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 2004, Vol.77, No.2, p.90-96. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: This cross-sectional study examines health effects associated with the storage of organic waste at home for more than two days. 384 subjects completed a medical questionnaire on prevalence of airway, skin and general health complaints during the past year and home hygiene (storage of garbage, pet contact, indoor mould growth). With logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) adjusted for sex, age, education level and frequent contact with pets were determined for indoor storage of waste for more than two days. Long indoor storage of organic waste was associated with skin rash (OR 2.05), itching skin rash for more than 2 month in the past 12 month (OR 3.58) or ever (OR 2.77) as well as lifetime diagnoses of skin diseases by a doctor (OR 3.16) or allergies other than hay fever (OR 2.74). Atopic subjects were higher at risk. These skin-related complaints and diseases probably result from microbial contamination, e.g. endotoxins due to waste. (102888)
CIS 03-1913 Organic dust exposure and work-related effects among recycling workers. Gladding T., Thorn J., Stott D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 2003, Vol.43, No.6, p.584-591. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: A total of 159 workers from nine materials recovery facilities (MRFs) participated in this study on organic dust exposure and work-related symptoms. Participants responded to a questionnaire and measurements of airborne dust, endotoxins and 1,3-β-D-glucan were carried out. Blood tests were restricted to 45 workers working at three facilities, and included differential cell counts, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and IgE. It was found that workers exposed to higher amounts of endotoxins and 1,3-β-D-glucan had an increased risk for respiratory symptoms than workers with lower exposure. Stomach problems were associated with higher exposures to 1,3-β-D-glucan. The results suggest that MRF workers exposed to higher levels of endotoxins and 1,3-β-D-glucan at their work sites exhibit various work-related symptoms, and that the longer a workers are in the MRF environment, the more likely they are to become affected by various respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. (102502)
CIS 03-1914 Foodborne pathogens: The risk to the health of merchant seafarers. (Spanish: Patógenos en los alimentos: un riesgo para la salud de los marinos mercantes) Tabbot P.N., Robson M.G., Breen K.P., Medicina Marítima, June 2003, Vol.3, No.1, p.47-71. Illus. 91 ref. (In English, Spanish) Internet: Foodborne illness is a global problem posing new risks to human health. Emerging pathogens, globalization of the food supply, changes in human behaviour, international travel, microbial adaptation and a breakdown of the pubic health system are factors which contribute to the threat of new and dangerous disease agents. Merchant seafarers, because of their unique occupational setting, may be particularly vulnerable to potentially debilitating foodborne illnesses. Factors like close living quarters, communal meal eating, contact with labourers in ports and access to potentially-contaminated food represent special hazards for these workers. These hazards are discussed in this article, together with the appropriate prevention measures. (102618)
CIS 03-1915 Needlestick injury accidents and their prevention. (French: Piqûres et prévention) Moens G., Travail et bien-être, Dec. 2002, Vol.5, No.5, p.21-25. Illus. (In French) Internet: A programme aimed at reducing the frequency of needlestick injury accidents was implemented in a large Belgian hospital between 1990 and 1997. A study was subsequently carried out among all workers at risk to assess the effectiveness of the prevention programme. It compares data for the years 1990-1995 with those for 1996-1997. For health care personnel, a significant reduction in the number of needlestick injury accidents was observed, from 17.2 per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers in 1990-1996 to 12.7/100 FTEs in 1996-1997. Among catering, laundry and housekeeping staff, no significant differences were observed; for these workers, most accidents were caused by needles or sharp objects inappropriately discarded in plastic bags or cardboard boxes. Overall, the average annual incidence of needlestick injury accidents declined from 33.4/100 occupied beds in 1990-1995 to 30.1 in 1996-1997. It transpires from this study that despite preventive efforts, the reduction in overall incidence of needlestick injury accidents appears only belatedly. (102864)
CIS 03-1916 Risk of blood exposure among hospital workers - Trends 1990-2000. (French: Risque d'exposition au sang parmi le personnel hospitalier - Evolution 1990-2000) Abiteboul D., Lolom I., Lamontagne F., Pellissier G., Tarantola A., Descamps J.M., Bouvet E., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2003, No.96, p.447-457. Illus. 25 ref. (In French) Internet: A survey had been conducted among health care workers in 1990 to quantify the frequency and risk factors of blood exposure accidents (BEAs). 502 nurses from 17 hospitals had volunteered to participate. It was the first study that yielded data not only on the frequencies by nurse, but also by risk-involving task (injection, sample collection, installing and removing intravenous perfusions, work involving pacemakers). The most hazardous tasks were identified and ranked. The objective of the present study was to analyse the trends in BEA risks ten years later. Participants included 1506 volunteers among nurses in 36 hospitals. There were significant improvements from 1990 to 2000, the frequency of BEAs having decreased from approximately 0.35 to 0.12 per nurse per year, and needlestick injuries, which are the leading cause, from 0.26 to 0.07 respectively, per nurse per year. (102872)
CIS 03-1917 Review of occupational hazards from waste disposal in the health care sector. (French: Revue sur les risques professionnels liés à l'élimination des déchets d'activité de soins) Charbotel B., Forissier M.F., Hours M., Bergeret A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Apr. 2003, Vol.64, No.2, p.100-105. 32 ref. (In French) Internet: This literature survey reports on the current situation with respect to occupational hazards among workers involved in waste disposal in the health care sector. Biological hazards are the most important. In the early stages of waste disposal, blood exposure accidents are associated with the risk of infection with hepatitis or human immunodeficiency viruses. Other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis have been reported among workers involved in medical laboratory waste disposal. In health care establishments, chemical and radioactive wastes need to be managed by specialized and well-identified waste disposal systems. However, it appears that these systems are not always operational. Risks related to handling are important and are not always well controlled. Road transport risks have received little attention, but should not be overlooked given their potential seriousness. (102880)
CIS 03-1918 Advice to expatriates - Sub-Saharan Africa. (French: Conseils aux expatriés - Afrique subsaharienne) Biardeau B., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 2004, Vol.44, No.1, p.17-25. 7 ref. (In French) Internet: A growing number of enterprises assign their personnel to postings abroad for varying durations. Occupational physicians need to ensure the safety and health of staff against the hazards related to these foreign postings. This article describes the protective measures that apply to Sub-Saharan African locations, and addresses the following topics: measures to be taken before travelling (vaccinations, prevention of sinusitis, first aid kits, traveller's medical kit); disorders that may arise during the trip (disorders related to air travel, in particular the "economy class syndrome"); precautions to be taken on arrival (measures against heat and sunlight); possible risks during the stay (road accidents, diarrhoea, malaria, dengue, sexually-transmitted diseases, rabies); what to do on return in the event of disorders; advice for pregnant women. (102861)
CIS 03-1919 Occupational and environmental exposure to bioaerosols from composts and potential health effects - A critical review of published data. Swan J.R.M., Kelsey A., Crook B., Gilbert E.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. viii, 106p. Illus. 214 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-2707-1 (In English) Internet: The primary objective of this study was to critically review published literature related to airborne microorganisms or their constituent parts (bioaerosols) associated with organic waste composting facilities, and to establish whether there is a risk to worker health from the inhalation of these bioaerosols. The review aimed to identify the personnel at risk on compost sites, identify the circumstances, which increased the risk and indicate suitable control measures to limit the risk. A further aspect consisted of evaluating whether the airborne dispersal of bioaerosols from compost facilities could affect neighbouring facilities or residents, leading to health concerns. The review also looked at evidence of bioaerosol dissemination from sites, potential exposures and reported ill health. (102532)
CIS 03-1920 Biological hazards - A case study. (Polish: Zagrożenia biologiczne - wybrane zagadnienia) Łuczak M., Zużewicz M.A., Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland, 2001. 64p. Illus. 24 ref, ISBN 83-88703-12-9 (In Polish) Internet: This document describes living organisms which are biological hazards for humans: bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as irritating agents, allergens, carcinogens and biological toxic agents. The development cycles of Chlamydia and Legionella are also presented. (102907)
CIS 03-1921 Microbiological problems in paper machine environments. Alakomi H.L., Kujanpää K., Partenen L., Suihko M.L., Salo S., Siika-aho M., Saarela M., Mattila-Sandholm T., Raaska L., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Information Service, P.O.Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 2002. 97p. Illus. 206 ref. Price: EUR 35.00 (+8 % VAT) ., ISBN 951-38-6064-7 (In English) Internet: This literature survey compiles the information available about microorganisms present in paper production processes, from raw materials to end products. It discusses the most important factors involved in the build-up of biofilm in papermaking machines and in end-product contamination, the role of spore-forming bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, the migration of microorganisms from packaging materials to foods, offensive odours and quality problems. Microbiological methods used in studying the microbial ecology of paper machine environments were collated. Conventional and novel methods used to reduce or to limit the amount of microbes or microbial activity, especially in circulation waters and raw materials, and to control and prevent deposit formation on paper machines are reviewed. (102948)
CIS 03-1922 Hazards, public health and decision processes. (French: Risques, sécurité sanitaire et processus de décision) Setbon M., Elsevier SAS, 23 rue Limois, 75725 Paris cedex 15, France, 2004. 170p. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 30.00., ISBN 2-84299-581-3 (In French) Internet: The evaluation of major public health hazards is a central aspect of national health-care planning. Decision processes represent a key step determining whether these hazards and risks justify or not the launching of public intervention programmes. Resulting decisions are nationwide in scope. These hazards or risks can be relevant to three areas: the health care system, food and the environment |