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ILO-CIS Bulletin 2003/01CIS 03-1 --- CIS 03-500Laws, regulations, directivesCIS 03-1 Health and Safety in Employment Act 2002 [New Zealand]. Statutes of New Zealand, 2002, Vol.3, p.2651-2690. (In English) Internet: Modifications of the 1992 basic law concerning occupational safety and health (see CIS 93-701). It broadens the scope of the Act by referring to all the possible hazards employees may encounter, and puts more emphasis on systematic OSH activities - in particular, on the development of OSH management systems. It prohibits employers from paying their employees more in lieu of taking appropriate steps in order to provide for their security. There is elaboration for the involvement of workers in OSH, by themselves or through safety and health committees and representatives, and for appropriate training of the latter. Provisions are given concerning the OSH duties of persons selling or supplying plant for the use in the place of work, and for the registration and notification of occupational accidents. Other matters dealt with: employees' right to refuse dangerous work; enforcement of OSH legislation by various government agencies; issuing of hazard notices by health and safety representatives; role of labour inspectors. A new schedule 1A is inserted: description of an Employee Participation System. (101164)
CIS 03-2 Act No.1575 of 14 July 2003 to amend and supplement the Act on Occupational Safety [Croatia]. (Croatian: Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama zakona o zaštiti na radu) Narodne Novine, 19 July 2003, Year CLXV, No.114, p.4042-4047. (In Croatian) Internet: This law contains numerous amendments to the 1996 on OSH (59/96 and 94/96) relating to employers' obligations when employing more than 50 or 150 workers, respectively. (101174)
CIS 03-3 Act of 12 February 2003 to amend and supplement the Act concerning safety and health at work [Bulgaria]. (Bulgarian: Zakon za izmenenie i dopălnenie na Zakona za zdravoslovni i bezopasni uslovija na trud) Dăržaven vestnik, 25 Feb. 2003, No.18, p.2-3. (In Bulgarian) Internet: This Act amends several sections of the 1997 Act concerning occupational safety and health (see CIS 98-354). The changed provisions relate to the use of work equipment, the functions and role of the occupational medical services and the financing of projects on working conditions. It also amends sections dealing with the employment of children under 16. (101176)
CIS 03-4 Labor Law [USA - New York]. Internet document, 1921-2004. OSH-related: 66p. (In English) Internet: The consolidated Labor Law of New York State (original date: 1921) covers many aspects of the employer-worker relationship, including those related to OSH, which include: Art.10 - Building construction, demolition and repair work; Art.11 - Factories (registration, accident prevention, fire safety, sanitation, special provisions for foundries, duties of owners and occupiers); Art. 14 - Mercantile establishments and restaurants (incl. sanitary facilities); Art.15 - Mines, tunnels, quarries and compressed air; Art.16 - Explosives; Art.27 - Carnival, fairground and amusement park safety; Art.28 - Toxic substances (definitions, notice requirements, trade secrets, employee education and training, records, employees' rights); Art.29 - Training and education programmes on OSH; Art.30 - Safe use of asbestos. (101311)
CIS 03-5 California Labor Code [USA - California]. Internet document, 1937-2003. OSH-related: 183p. (In English) Internet: The consolidated Labor Code of the state of California (original date: 1937) covers many aspects of the employer-worker relationship, including those related to OSH, which include: Sections 75-78: State Commission on Health and Safety and Worker's Compensation; 140-147.2: State Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (main agency for enforcing OSH legislation); 175-176: State Division of Occupational Safety and Health (lead agency providing for OSH in liquefied petroleum gas storage facilities and related apparatus); 6300-6719: General OSH provisions (jurisdiction, duties, education, research, information and training on hazardous substances, responsibilities of employers and employees, penalties, temporary variances, permits, appeals and enforcement of civil penalties); 6800-7000: Safeguards on railroads; 7100-7384: Safety in buildings (buildings under construction or repair, elevators, safeguarding of window cleaners, aerial passenger tramways, cranes); 7500-7501: Underground telephones in mines; 7600-7611: Safety on ships and vessels; 7620-7771: Safety of tanks and boilers; 7800-7870: Volatile flammable liquids; 7900-7932: Safety of amusement rides; 7950-8004: Tunnel and mine safety; 9000-9061: Use of carcinogens (definitions, exemptions, standards and administration, reporting, medical examinations, inspection, penalties); 9100-9104: Safety in commercial establishments (incl. working warehouses). (101312)
CIS 03-6 Alaska Statutes - Title 18: Chapter 60 - Safety [USA - Alaska]. Internet document. Multiple pages. (In English) Internet: Sections 55-99, 190-695 and 880 of these Statutes deal with matters related to occupational safety, including: State bodies dealing with OSH matters; reporting of injuries and illnesses; importation of toxic and hazardous substances; information and training of employees; labour inspection; boilers and unfired pressure vessels; minimum electrical standards; prevention of needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers. (101315)
CIS 03-7 Revised Statutes - Chapter 277: Safety and Health of Employees [USA - New Hampshire]. Internet document, 1917-. Multiple pages. (In English) Internet: These Statutes provide for the safety and health of all employees within the State. Among its provisions: scaffolding; provision of medical chests; provisions for sanitation; safeguards; inspection; consultations. (101316)
CIS 03-8 Minnesota Statutes - Chapter 182: Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973 [USA - Minnesota]. Internet document, 1973-. 61p. (In English) Internet: Framework law on OSH for the State of Minnesota, as updated to 2003. Contents: definitions; coverage (all workplaces except those under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government); independent contractors; rights and duties of employers and employees; OSH standards; reducing occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens through sharps injuries; the Occupational Safety and Health Advisory Council; right of the Commissioner of Labor and Industry to issue OSH rules; prohibition of waivers; posting requirements; inspections; citations; enforcement; procedures to counteract serious and immediate dangers; statistics and record keeping; the Occupational Safety and Health Review Board; legal and procedural matters; prohibition of discrimination; workers' compensation; training and education; safety awards; safety committees. (101317)
CIS 03-9 Safety Committees at Work Regulations of 1997 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Epitropôn Asfáleias stēn Ergasía Kanonismoí tou 1997) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 24 Apr. 1997, No.3145, Suppl. III(I), p.1325-1329. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations (issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work, see CIS 98-5) require enterprises to provide for safety representatives and/or safety delegates in function of the number of workers employed (1 safety delegate for 5-9 workers, 2 for 10-19 workers, 3 for 20-49 workers, 1 for each 50 workers thereafter; there must be a safety officer if the number of workers exceeds 200). (101181)
CIS 03-10 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health Signs at Work Regulations of 2000 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn gia tē Sêmansē Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía Kanonismoí tou 2000) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 21 July 2000, No.3420, Suppl. III(I), p.847-867. Illus. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations (issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work, see CIS 98-5) introduce the requirement of using standard safety and health signs into the workplace. (101182)
CIS 03-11 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health (Use of Work Equipment at Work) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías (Hrēsimopoíēsē katá tēn Ergasía Exoplismoú Ergasías) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 30 Nov. 2001, No.3551, Suppl. III(I), p.4705-4716. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They specify the employer's general obligations, the rules concerning work equipment, work equipment involving specific risks, and the measures necessary to ensure the information, training, consultation and participation of workers. (101188)
CIS 03-12 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health (Use of Personal Protective Equipment at Work) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías (Hrēsē stēn Ergasía Exoplismôn Atomikês Prostasías) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 14 Dec. 2001, No.3558, Suppl. III(I), p.4810-4843. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). Contents: interpretation, scope, basis of application; obligations of employers, employees, self-employed persons and of other concerned persons. In annexes: tables and other details of requirements in connection with the use of personal protective equipment in specific industries, jobs or in the presence of specific hazards. (101190)
CIS 03-13 Management of Safety and Health Issues at Work Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Diaheírisēs Themátōn Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 5 Apr. 2002, No.3592, Suppl. III(I), p.1471-1483. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. Contents: general provisions; obligations of employers and of self-employed persons; obligations of workers. Implementation in Cyprus of certain provisions of Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work (see CIS 89-1401). (101193)
CIS 03-14 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health at the Workplace Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías stous Hôrous Ergasías Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 5 Apr. 2002, No.3592, Suppl. III(I), p.1484-1510. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2001. Contents: general provisions; obligations of employers. In annexes: minimum OSH requirements in workplaces used for the first time or are undergoing alterations, extensions and/or transformations after the entry into force of the regulations; minimum OSH requirements in workplaces already used at the time the regulations enter into force. Implementation in Cyprus of the provisions of Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 Nov. 1989 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace (see CIS 90-356). (101194)
CIS 03-15 Safety and Health at Work of Workers with Fixed-Duration or Temporary Employment Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías katá tēn Ergasía tōn Ergodotouménōn me Shésē Ergasías Orisménou Hrónou ê me Shésē Próskairēs Ergasías Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 12 Apr. 2002, No.3594, Suppl. III(I), p.1526-1528. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They contain provisions for the safety and health of workers without a permanent job. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 91/383/EEC of 25 June 1991 supplementing the measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of workers with a fixed-duration employment relationship or a temporary employment relationship (see CIS 92-6). (101195)
CIS 03-16 General Regulations on Occupational Safety and Health [Guatemala]. (Spanish: Reglamento general sobre seguridad e higiene en el trabajo) Internet document (33p.) (In Spanish) Internet: These are the basic OSH regulations in Guatemala, valid from 1 Jan. 1958, as updated till 2003. Contents: Title I - General provisions; obligations of the employer and of workers; safety organization; enforcement, inspection and monitoring. Title II - General conditions in the workplace and the working environment (buildings; surface and air space per worker; floors and walls; doors and staircases; manholes, openings and trenches; ventilation; temperature and humidity; lighting; cleanliness; underground work); machinery and pressure vessels; electricity; dangerous substances; lifting apparatus and transportation; scaffolding; fire and explosion prevention and protection. Title III - Individual protective equipment; seating arrangements. Title IV - Sanitary facilities; dressing rooms; dormitories; family living arrangements; canteens. Title V - First-aid kits; nursing facilities. Title VI - Provisions for mental health. Title VII - Penalties. Title VIII - Final provisions (knowledge of the regulations, exemptions). (101229)
CIS 03-17 Minnesota Rules - Chapter 5205: Occupational Safety and Health Standards [USA - Minnesota]. Department of Labor and Industry, Internet document, [1973-]. 84p. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: These Rules, applying to general industry locations (but not to, for example, construction locations) adopt large parts of the US Code of Federal Regulations relating to OSH into Minnesota legislation. Otherwise rules are included for: head protection; high- visibility personal protective equipment in areas where highway traffic is present; storage platforms; ladders and scaffolds; wells, pits and shafts; submission of environmental control measures; vent pipes; indoor ventilation and temperature; gas-fired equipment; CO monitoring; illumination levels; exits and emergency lighting; steam boilers; manlifts; building maintenance; removal or encapsulation of asbestos; grounding of electrical equipment; machine and tool safety and related measures; cranes and hoists. (101319)
CIS 03-18 State Council Ordinance No.437 of 2003 concerning the amendment of the State Council Decision on the acquisition, safe use and inspection of machinery and other work equipment used at work [Finland]. (Finnish: Valtioneuvoston asetus työssä käytettävien koneiden ja muiden työvälineiden hankinnasta, turvallisesta käytöstä ja tarkastamisesta annetun valtioneuvoston päätöksen muuttamisesta; Swedish: Statsrådets förordning om ändring av statsrådets beslut om anskaffning, trygg användning och besiktning av maskiner och annan arbetsutrustning som används i arbete) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 11 June 2003, No.74, p.2040-2043. (In Finnish, Swedish) Internet: This Ordinance (issued 5 June 2003, effective 1 July 2003) applies to the use of work equipment and to work covered by Act No.738 on Labour Protection (see CIS 02-1001). It covers: employer's duty to train workers on the use of work equipment, and to provide instructions as to their use; protection against harmful physical agents; protection against fire, leakage, explosion and electricity; use of personnel lifts (elevators); planning and supervision of lifting tasks. (101348)
CIS 03-19 State Council Ordinance No.577 of 2003 concerning the requirements for safety and health in the workplace [Finland]. (Finnish: Valtioneuvoston asetus työpaikkojen turvallisuus- ja terveysvaatimuksista; Swedish: Statsrådets förordning om krav för säkerhet och hälsa på arbetsplatsen) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 27 June 2003, No.94, p.2463-2466. (In Finnish, Swedish) Internet: This Ordinance (issued 18 June 2003, effective 1 Sep. 2003) applies to all workplaces covered by Act No.738 on Labour Protection (see CIS 02-1001), except for vehicles, construction sites, mines, agriculture and forestry. It contains provisions for: responsibilities of employers; availability of seating; canteens and restrooms; changing rooms; washrooms; first-aid facilities; size and lighting of workplaces; floors, stairs and corridors; windows and doors; communication ways and risk zones; special measures for escalators and moving sidewalks; fire protection and emergency exits. Ordinance 728/1999 of 10 June 1999 on the same subject is repealed. (101349)
CIS 03-20 Occupational safety and health law [USA]. Rabinowitz R.S., American Bar Association, ed., Bureau of National Affairs, 1231 25th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-1197, USA, 2nd ed., 2002. xiv, 1338p. Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price: USD 265.00 + tax., ISBN 1-57018-239-6 (In English) Internet: Major legal treatise on OSH law as it applied in the USA as of 31 Dec. 2000 (for the 1988 edition, see CIS 90-361). The regulatory and common law background are traced in great detail. Main subjects covered: overview and historical perspective (in relation to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, see CIS 89-351); duties imposed on employers (to comply with standards, the "general duty clause", obligations to provide information and to maintain affirmative defenses); OSHA inspections; types and degrees of violations; civil penalties and criminal sanctions; enforcement (incl. judicial reviews); development and judicial interpretation of standards; rights of workers and their representatives; discrimination against employees exercising their rights under the Act; state regulation of OSH; comments on the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (see CIS 91-14); NIOSH; comments on the relationship of the OSH Act to other laws and agencies. Several annexes, including the full text of the OSH Act of 1970. (101184)
CIS 03-21 International and national standards on occupational safety and health. (French: Normes internationales et nationales sur la sécurité et la santé au travail; Spanish: Normas internacionales y nacionales sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. CD-ROM containing documents in HTML and PDF formats. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: Contents of this CD-ROM on international and national standards on occupational safety and health: all ILO Conventions and Recommendations; Constitution of the ILO; recent ILO Codes of Practice on occupational safety and health (OSH); references to national OSH legislation; summary of relevant ILO instruments; comparative analysis of the provisions in relevant instruments; Member State replies to the 2002 survey on ILO standards-related OSH activities; summary of replies to the survey in tabular and graphic forms; 2002 survey form; replies sent by Employers' and Workers' organizations. (101450)
CIS 03-22 Decree to amend and supplement Decree No.7 of 1999 for minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace and use of work equipment [Bulgaria]. (Bulgarian: Naredba za izmenenie i podălnenie na Naredba N°7 ot 1999 g. za minimalnite iziskvanija za zdravoslovni i bezopasni uslovija na trud na rabotnite mesta i pri izpolzvane na rabotnoto oborudvane) Dăržaven vestnik, 13 May 2003, No.43, p.20-27. English version: Internet document (20p.) (In Bulgarian, English) Internet: The scope of the 1999 Decree (see CIS 00-1503) is extended to independent workers. New provisions concern: construction sites; coordinators for OSH; electrical safety; emergency exits; verification of work equipment; lifting equipment. In the English version, a Bulgarian-English glossary of common safety terminology is added. (101344)
CIS 03-23 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 2002 [Australia - New South Wales]. Statutes of New South Wales, 2002, Vol.3, 10+120p. (In English) Internet: This Law concerns the protection of the safety, health and welfare of persons in connection with coal mining operations. Contents: definitions; application of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (see CIS 00-1501); duties related to health, safety and welfare at coal operations (duties of colliery holders, operators of coal operations, managers, supervisors, contractors, exploration holders; duties and rights of employees); safety of coal operations; notification of incidents; stop work orders; competence standards; oversight of coal operations; coal mining industry codes of practice; regulations (list of matters on which regulations can be made); miscellaneous matters (enforcement, information, exercise and delegation of functions, supply of documents). The Coal Mines Regulation Act 1982 is repealed. (101171)
CIS 03-24 Safety and Health (Minimum Requirements for Temporary or Mobile Construction Sites) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías (Eláhistes Prodiagrafés gia Prosōriná ê Kinētá Ergotáxia) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 5 Apr. 2002, No.3592, p.1445-1470. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. They cover all the safety and health requirements for temporary and mobile construction sites. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 92/57/EEC of 24 June 1992 on the application of minimum safety and health requirements at temporary or mobile constructions sites (see CIS 93-1062). (101192)
CIS 03-25 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health at Work (Extractive Industries Through Drilling) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Exoruktikés diá Geōtrêseōn Biomēhaníes) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 7 June 2002, No.3610, p.2659-2727. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. Detailed safety rules are provided for the extractive industries that rely on drilling. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 92/91/EEC of 3 November 1992 concerning the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers in the mineral-extracting industries through drilling (see CIS 93-23). (101197)
CIS 03-26 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health at Work (Surface and Underground Extractive Industries) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Upaíthries ê Upógeies Exoruktikés Biomēhaníes) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 7 June 2002, No.3610, p.2728-2775. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. Detailed safety rules are provided for safety and health in mines and quarries. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 92/104/EEC of 3 December 1992 on the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers in surface and underground mineral-extracting industries (see CIS 94-758). (101198)
CIS 03-27 Maternity Protection (Safety and Health at Work) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí tēs Prostasías tēs Mētrótētas (Asfáleia kai Ugeía stēn Ergasía) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 31 May 2002, No.3608, Suppl. III(I), p.2274-2283. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002, and of the 1997 Maternity Protection Act, as modified by 2002. It implements in Cyprus the provisions of Council Directive 92/85/EEC of 19 Oct. 1992 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding (see CIS 93-22). (101200)
CIS 03-28 Minnesota Rules - Chapter 5207: Standards for Construction [USA - Minnesota]. Department of Labor and Industry, Internet document, [1973-]. 51p. (In English) Internet: Basic safety and health standards for the construction industry, including safety rules related to work in confined spaces. (101320)
CIS 03-29 State Council Ordinance No.578 of 2003 on occupational safety in construction work with prefabricated elements [Finland]. (Finnish: Valtioneuvoston asetus elementtirakentamisen työturvallisuudesta; Swedish: Statsrådets förordning om arbetssäkerheten vid elementbyggande) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 27 June 2003, No.94, p.2467-2475. (In Finnish, Swedish) Internet: This Ordinance (entry into force: 1 Oct. 2003) contains 17 sections, dealing with: scope; definitions; planning of construction work; safety measures (provision of information on workplace hazards, training and guidance, protection against falls); special safety rules for construction work with prefabricated elements. Technical annex. The 1984 Safety regulations for construction with prefabricated elements (CIS 89-727) is repealed. (101347)
CIS 03-30 Minimum Requirements for Safety and Health at Work with Visual Display Screen Equipment Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Eláhistōn Prodiagrafôn Asfáleias kai Ugeías katá tēn Ergasía se Exoplismó me Othónē Optikês Apeikónisēs Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 7 Dec. 2001, No.3556, p.4757-4764. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They prescribe the minimum OSH requirements of visual display equipment (computer screens) and of the working environment where such equipment is present. (101189)
CIS 03-31 Occupational hazards - Modification of Annex I of Resolution No.415/2002 concerning the operation of the Registry of Carcinogenic Substances and Agents [Argentina]. (Spanish: Riesgos del Trabajo - Modificación del Anexo I de la Resolución N°415/2002 por la cual se dispuso el funcionamiento del Registro de Sustancias y Agentes Cancerígenos) Superintendencia de Risegos del Trabajo, Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 4 July 2003, Year CXI, No.30,185, p.4-5. (In Spanish) Internet: This Resolution replaces the Annex of the 2002 Resolution concerning carcinogenic substances and agents (see CIS 02-1032). 17 substances and groups of substances (corresponding to IARC Group 1), 4 mixtures and 4 manufacturing/mining processes are designated as carcinogenic. (101173)
CIS 03-32 Decree No.1 of 27 February 2003 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to asbestos at work [Bulgaria]. (Bulgarian: Naredba N 1 ot 27 fevruari 2003 g. za zaštita na raboteštite ot riskove, svărzani s ekspozicija na azbest pri rabota) Dăržaven vestnik, 8 Apr. 2003, No.32, p.23-28. (In Bulgarian) Internet: This Decree fixes minimum requirements for the protection of workers against existing or potential risks of exposure to asbestos at the workplace. It also provides for risk evaluation and exposure limitation. (101177)
CIS 03-33 Safety and Health at Work (Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Agents) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Karkinogónoi kai Metallaxiogónoi) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 6 Apr. 2001, No.3487, Suppl. III(I), p.1647-1656. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They provide for protection against carcinogenic and mutagenic substances and processes in the workplace. Contents: general provisions; obligations of employers. In annex: list of substances, preparations and processes; occupational exposure limits (benzene: 3.25mg/m3 = 1ppm; vinyl chloride monomer: 7.77mg/m3 = 3ppm; hard-wood dust: 5mg/m3); components of a medical monitoring programme by the employers. (101185)
CIS 03-34 Safety and Health at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Hēmikoí Parágontes) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 6 July 2001, No.3512, Suppl. III(I), p.2814-2828. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). Contents: general provisions; responsibilities of employers. In schedules: list of occupational exposure limits (with peak and TWA values, in mg/m3 and ppm, as well as skin notation where necessary); obligatory biological exposure limits, with health monitoring measures; prohibitions (2-naphthylamine and its salts, 4-aminobiphenyl and its salts, benzidine and its salts, and 4-nitrobiphenyl, all at concentrations > 0.1%). (101187)
CIS 03-35 Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2032/2003 of 4 November 2003 on the second phase of the 10-year work programme referred to in Article 16(2) of Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1896/2000 [European Union]. (French: Règlement (CE) n°2032/2003 de la Commission du 4 novembre 2003 concernant la seconde phase du programme de travail de dix ans visé à l'article 16, paragraphe 2, de la directive 98/8/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits biocides, et modifiant le règlement (CE) n° 1896/2000 [Union européenne]; Spanish: Reglamento (CE) n°2032/2003 de la Comisión, de 4 de noviembre de 2003, relativo a la segunda fase del programa de trabajo de diez años contemplado en el apartado 2 del artículo 16 de la Directiva 98/8/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo relativa a la comercialización de biocidas y por el que se modifica el Reglamento (CE) no 1896/2000) Official Journal of the European Union - Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, 24 Nov. 2003, 46th Year, No.L 307, p.1-96. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: This Regulation (entry into force: 14 Dec. 2003) lays down detailed rules for the implementation of the 2nd phase of the programme of work for the systematic examination of all active substances of biocidal products already on the market by 14 May 2000. Contents: definitions; identified and notified existing active substances; non-inclusion; review of notified existing active substances; preparation, submission, checking and evaluation of the complete dossier; joining, replacement and withdrawal of participants. In annex: list of existing active substances (with EC and CAS number); list of existing active substances and product types included in the review programme; existing active substances that have been identified but for which no notification has been accepted and for which no member state has indicated an interest; requirements for complete and summary dossiers; time periods and rapporteur member states for the submission of complete dossiers for existing active substances included in the review programme. (101228)
CIS 03-36 Minnesota Rules - Chapter 5206: Hazardous Substances; Employee Right-to-Know [USA - Minnesota]. Department of Labor and Industry, Internet document, 1986-. 59p. (In English) Internet: Standards (updated to 2003) implementing the provisions of the Employee Right-to-Know Act of 1983. Contents: definitions; scope (all employers and employees in Minnesota, except for certain "technically qualified individuals" [in the medical or research fields], workers on farms employing 10 or fewer people, waste service employees and laboratory workers; however, some provisions may apply to workers in the exception categories as well); hazardous substances (list of approx. 1200 substances, with CAS number and codes indicating source for authoritative exposure limits or hazard codes); list of harmful physical agents (heat, noise, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation); list of infectious agents (classified by type, and with codes indicating source of authoritative hazard codes); training requirements; availability of information (data sheets); labelling requirements; certification of existing labelling programmes; specific provisions for the provision of training programmes for farming operations in relation to hazardous substances and harmful physical agents. (101318)
CIS 03-37 Law No.2003-699 of 30 July 2003 concerning the prevention of technological and natural hazards and the compensation of damage caused by them [France]. (French: Loi n°2003-699 du 30 juillet 2003 relative à la prévention des risques technologiques et naturels et à la réparation des dommages [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 31 July 2003, No.175, p.13021-13037. (In French) Internet: This Law modifies relevant articles of the Environment and Labour Codes. Contents: information on technological hazards; control of urban development in the neighbourhood of major-hazard industrial establishments; installations subject to a "Prevention Plan for Technological Hazards"; special provisions relating to major hazards or dangerous materials in transportation; measures relating to the safety of personnel; compensation of victim of technological disasters; changes in the Environment Code relating to natural hazards (information, flood forecasting, national and local organization of major natural hazard prevention, soil use and management, agriculture in areas subject to environmental constraints); rules related to public works. (101175)
CIS 03-38 Chemical Safety Act [USA - Illinois]. Internet document, 1985-. 12p. (In English) Internet: This law (effective: 23 Sep. 1985), as modified since, concerns the prevention of major hazard accidents involving hazardous chemicals as well as the protection of workers and the public in case such accidents take place. Contents: definitions; preparation of Chemical Safety Contingency Plans; authorization of the Illinois Emergency Management Agency to adopt appropriate safety regulations; employee education programmes; review of response actions and revision of plans subsequent to major hazard incidents and accidents; development of an Informational and Technical Assistance Program for the state. (101313)
CIS 03-39 Hazardous Materials Emergency Act [USA - Illinois]. Internet document [date unknown, c1986]. 10p. (In English) Internet: Law concerning the safe transportation of hazardous materials within the state of Illinois. Contents: definitions; creation of a Hazardous Materials Advisory Board; responsibilities related to the implementation of the Act. (101314)
CIS 03-40 Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods - Tests and criteria [United Nations]. (Spanish: Recomendaciones relativas al transporte de mercancías peligrosas - Manual de pruebas y criterios) United Nations Publications, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 3rd Rev. ed., 1999. vii, 415p. Illus., ISBN 92-1-1339021-1 (In Spanish) Internet: Third update of the manual grouping the various tests that enable competent authorities to classify dangerous goods depending on their explosive properties (for the first edition, see CIS 89-1429). Amendments to the second edition concern the Koenen test, test 6, calculations of regulation and emergency temperatures, lithium batteries and test methods for determining the dimensions of the evacuation systems of tanks. A new appendix has been included, covering detection methods. (101061)
CIS 03-41 Order of 8 July 2003 concerning the protection of workers who may be exposed to explosive atmospheres [France]. (French: Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif à la protection des travailleurs susceptibles d'être exposés à une atmosphère explosive [France]) Ministère des affaires sociales, du travail et de la solidarité, Journal officiel de la République française, 26 July 2003, No.171, p.12667-12668. (Internet: 6p.) (In French) Internet: This Order defines the different types of danger zones (depending on the different levels of hazard due to the presence of flammable substances or dust). It contains provisions for the training of exposed workers, as well as for the implementation of protective measures (e.g. the provision of personal protective equipment, the installation of acoustic and/or optical warning signalling systems and daily risk assessment exercises). (101180)
CIS 03-42 Control of Major Accident Hazards Related to Dangerous Substances Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Antimetôpisēs tōn Kindúnōn Atuhēmátōn Megálēs Klímakas Shetizoménōn me Epikíndunes Ousíes Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 31 Dec. 2001, No.3565, Suppl. III(I), p.5117-5140. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They contain the principal provisions related to major hazard control. Contents: introductory provisions and interpretation; general responsibilities of management; emergency plans; supply of information by management; duties of the manager. In annex: maximal quantities of hazardous substances for storage purposes; hazard warnings; other detailed information. (101191)
CIS 03-43 Safety and Health at Work (Minimum Requirements for the Protection of Persons at Work from Risks from Explosive Atmospheres) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Eláhistes Apaitêseis gia tēn Prostasía tōn Prosôpōn stēn Ergasía apó Kindúnous apó Ekrêximes Atmósfaires) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 21 June 2002, No.3612, p.2847-2860. Illus. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. Implementation in Cyprus of the provisions of Directive 1999/92/EC concerning the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres (see CIS 00-1523). (101199)
CIS 03-44 State Council Ordinance No.576 of 2003 on the prevention of hazards to workers caused by explosive atmospheres [Finland]. (Finnish: Valtioneuvoston asetus räjähdyskelpoisten ilmaseosten työntekijöille aiheuttaman vaaran torjunnasta; Swedish: Statsrådets förordning om förebyggande av fara som explosiv atmosfär orsakar arbetstagare) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 27 June 2003, No.94, p.2455-2462. Illus. (In Finnish, Swedish) Internet: This Ordinance (introduced under the authority of the Labour Protection Act, CIS 02-1001; effective:1 Sep. 2003 ) contains 11 sections, dealing with: objectives; scope; definitions; general responsibilities of employers; evaluation of explosion risk; prevention of and protection against explosions; documentation and supervision. In annex: classification of danger zones where explosive atmospheres may occur; minimum requirements for improving the safety of workers; posting of warnings. (101346)
CIS 03-45 Decree-Law No.236/2003 of 30 September - Transposes into national legislation Directive 99/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16.12.99 on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n.°236/2003 de 30 de Setembro - Transpõe para a ordem jurídica nacional a Directiva n.° 1999/92/CE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 16 de Dezembro, relativa às prescrições mínimas destinadas a promover a melhoria da proteção da segurança e da saúde dos trabalhadores susceptíveis de serem expostos a riscos derivados de atmsoferas explosivas) Diário da República, 30 Sep. 2003, No.226, Series I-A, p.6419-6423. Illus. (In Portuguese) Internet: This Decree-Law introduces the provisions of Directive 99/92/EC (see CIS 00-1523) into Portuguese legislation. Contents: scope (all economic activities except for some already covered by existing legislation already covers the risk of explosive atmospheres); definitions; classification of risk zones; evaluation of the risk of explosions; prevention of and protection against explosions; general obligations of employers; preventive action in areas where explosive atmospheres may form; employer's obligation to prepare a safety manual for the prevention of explosions; work in danger zones; protective measures in detail; criteria for the selection of protective equipment and systems; obligations for coordination of preventive activities when several employers are involved; particular measures applicable to work equipment and workplaces; training and information of and consultation with workers. In annex: prescribed warning signs. (101350)
CIS 03-46 Royal Decree 614/2001, of 8 June 2001 - Minimum measures for the protection of the health and safety of workers against electric hazards [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 614/2001, de 8 de junio 2001 - Disposiciones mínimas para la protección de la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores frente al riesgo eléctrico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2002. 18p. Also in: Boletín Oficial del Estado, No.148, 21 June 2001., ISBN 84-7425-611-9 (In Spanish) Internet: The purpose of this Royal Decree (effective September 2001) is to update the provisions applicable to work that presents electrical hazards for compliance with Law No.31/1995 of 8 November 1995 on the prevention of occupational accidents (CIS 95-1921) and European directives. Topics covered: responsibilities of employers; work methods and procedures; training and information of workers; consultation and participation of workers. In appendices: definitions; work with power cut off; live work; operations, measurements, trials and checks; work in the vicinity of live elements; work in premises presenting a fire or explosion hazard, or a risk of static electricity build-up. (101105)
CIS 03-47 Federal Law No.1/2002 regarding the regulation and control of the use of radiation sources and protection against their hazards [United Arab Emirates]. (Arabic: Qānūn ittihādī raqm (1) li-sana 2002 fī ša'n tantīm wa raqāba istihdām al-masādir al-muši((a wa al-wiqāya min ahtāriha) Al-Jarīda Al-Rasmīya Al-Imārāt al (Arabīyah al-Muttahidah, 2002, No.376, p.13-17. Internet versions: Arabic (7p.), English (4p.) (In Arabic, English) Internet: This Law covers all uses of ionizing radiation, including occupational, medical and environmental settings. Contents: definitions; establishment of Competent Directorate and of a Radiation Protection Committee (RPC), responsible for the regulation, inspection and control of the uses of radiation sources, the preparation of emergency plans to respond to radiation emergencies and the provision of technical advice; requirement of approvals and licenses for all operations involving ionizing radiation sources; obligations of licencees for the protection of workers and the general public against the hazards of ionizing radiation. (101178)
CIS 03-48 Decree No.2 of 27 February 2003 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to noise at work [Bulgaria]. (Bulgarian: Naredba N 2 ot 27 fevruari 2003 g. za zaštita na raboteštite ot riskove, svărzani s ekspozicija na šum pri rabota) Dăržaven vestnik, 8 Apr. 2003, No.32, p.28-31. (In Bulgarian) Internet: This Decree fixes minimum requirements for the protection of workers from existent or potential risks to their hearing due to exposure to noise at work. The Decree contains provisions on employers' obligations and noise measurement. (101172)
CIS 03-49 Law regulating the use of ionizing radiation sources [Peru]. (Spanish: Ley de regulación del uso de fuentes de radiación ionizante) El Peruano, 18 July 2003, XXIst Year, No.8426, p.248353-248355. (In Spanish) Internet: Base law on radiation protection for Peru. Contents: general provisions (including scope: all practices that may lead to exposure to ionizing radiation, as well as sources involved in such practices); bodies subject to authorization; inspection; authorization procedures; fees. In annex: glossary of terms. (101179)
CIS 03-50 Safety and Health at Work (Protection against Noise) Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Prostasía apó to Thórubo) Kanonismoí tou 2002) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 10 May 2002, No.3601, Suppl. III(I), p.2089-2098. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5), as modified by 2002. They cover all aspects of workplace protection against noise and hearing damage. In annex: methods for the measurement of noise; medical surveillance of hearing damage. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 86/188/EEC of 12th May 1986 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to noise at work (see CIS 87-45). (101196)
CIS 03-51 Safety and Health at Work (Biological Agents) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Biologikoí Parágontes) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 6 Apr. 2001, No.3487, Suppl. III(I), p.1572-1603. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations (issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work, see CIS 98-5) specify the provisions needed in order to protect workers against biological hazards. In annex: schedules of bacteria, viruses and parasites, with corresponding hazard codes; limitations on industrial procedures because of the presence of biological hazards. (101183)
CIS 03-52 Safety and Health at Work (Manual Handling of Loads) Regulations of 2001 [Cyprus]. (Greek: Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías stēn Ergasía (Heironaktikê Diakínēsē Fortíōn) Kanonismoí tou 2001) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 6 July 2001, No.3512, Suppl. III(I), p.2809-2813. (In Greek) Internet: These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). (101186)
CIS 03-53 Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time [European Union]. (French: Directive 2003/88/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 4 novembre 2003 concernant certains aspects de l'aménagement du temps de travail [Union européenne]; Spanish: Directiva 2003/88/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 4 de noviembre de 2003, relativa a determinados aspectos de la ordenación del tiempo de trabajo) Official Journal of the European Union - Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, 18 Nov. 2003, 46th Year, No.L 299, p.9-19. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: This Directive replaces Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 (CIS 94-1807) on the same subject, as modified by Dir. 2000/34/EC. It regulates minimum periods of daily and weekly rest and annual leave, as well as breaks, maximum weekly working time, and certain aspects of night work, shift work and patterns of work. It applies to all workers with the exception of seafarers. Contents: definitions; minimum rest periods (11 consecutive hours per 24h period; a rest break if the working day >6h; 24h + daily rest per each 7-day period; average maximum weekly working time: 48h; 4 weeks annual leave); provisions relating to night and shift work (incl. appropriate safety and health protection); right of Member States to introduce more favourable legislation; reference periods; derogations and exemptions (incl. by collective agreements); special provisions for mobile workers, offshore work and workers on board seagoing fishing vessels. (101345)
Chemical data sheets and criteria documentsCIS 03-54 Sulfur monochloride. (Spanish: Monocloruro de azufre) Noticias de seguridad, May 2002, Vol.64, No.5, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 6mg/m3 or 1ppm (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Toxicity: vapour may cause cough and watering of the eyes; inhalation may induce severe respiratory disorders and symptoms of chemical pneumonia; splashes on the skin may cause irritation and burns; splashes on the eyes may cause severe lesions and scars; repeated exposure may cause chronic irritation of the skin, eyes and upper airways. (101102)
CIS 03-55 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (Spanish: Ácido 2,4,5-triclorofenoxiacético) Noticias de seguridad, June 2002, Vol.64, No.6, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 10mg/m3. Exposure routes: inhalation et ingestion. Toxicity: abdominal pain. nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with bloody stools; skin irritation; chloracne; hepatic damage. (101103)
CIS 03-56 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane. (Spanish: 1,1,2,2-Tetracloro-1,2-difluoroetano) Noticias de seguridad, July/Aug. 2002, Vol.64, No.7 and 8, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 4170mg/m3 or 500ppm (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion Toxicity: irritation of the skin and the eyes; drowsiness and respiratory disorders. (101104)
CIS 03-57 Peracetic acid. (French: Acide peracétique) Bonnard N., Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Lafon D., Protois J.C., Schneider O., Serre P., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2002. 5p. Illus. 18 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonym: ethaneperoxoic acid. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Chronic toxicity: despite the existence of only limited data, there are indications of eye, nose and throat irritation from certain studies, as well as moderate skin irritation. There is no data on the allergic potential of peroxyacetic acid. Animal studies show that that genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity are weak or inexistent. EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.201-186-8; O, N, C, R7, R10, R20/21/22, R35, R50, S3/7, S14, S36/37/39, S45, S61, 201-186-8. Complete datasheet collection on CD- ROM analysed under CIS 02-1407. (101115)
CIS 03-58 Methyl tert-butyl oxide (MTBE). (French: Oxyde de tert-butyle et de méthyle (MTBE)) Bonnard N., Brondeau M.T., Falcy M., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Schneider O., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, 2002. 6p. Illus. 31 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane; MTBE. The acute toxicity of MTBE is low. At high concentrations, it causes hypoactivity, depression of the central nervous system and ataxia. It is a moderate skin irritant and a weak eye irritant. It causes respiratory irritation. It is not a skin sensitizer. There is very limited data on human chronic toxicity. At high repeated concentrations in rats, the substance causes damage to the central nervous system, irritation of the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts, slight modifications of serum parameters and chronic nephropathy among males. Since most in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity tests are negative, MTBE is presumed to be non-mutagenic. It has no effects on reproductive health. Exposure limits: USA (ACGIH): TWA = 40ppm; Germany (MAK): TWA = 180mg/m3 or 50ppm. EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.216-653-1; F, Xi; R11, R38, S9, S16, S24. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 02-1407. (101150)
CIS 03-59 Ethyl lactate. (French: Lactate d'éthyle) Bonnard N., Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Lafon D., Protois J.C., Schneider O., Serre P., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2002. 4p. Illus. 10 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: ethyl DL-lactate; propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester; ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate. Acute toxicity: the substance is an irritant to the ocular and respiratory mucous membranes, and is a mild skin irritant. Chronic toxicity: there is insufficient data from human studies; animal experiments indicate irritation of the nasal epithelium following inhalation exposure. In vitro genotoxicity tests are negative. EEC numbers and mandatory labelling codes: No.607-129-00-7 (ethyl lactate), No.211-694-1 (L-ethyl lactate), Xi, R10, R37, R41, S24, S26, S39. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 02-1407. (101214)
CIS 03-60 1,3-Butadiene. (French: 1,3-Butadiène) Bonnard N., Falcy M., Jargot D., Miraval S., Protois J.C., Schneider O., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2002. 6p. Illus. 36 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: bivinyl; vinyl ethylene. Acute toxicity: inhalation exposure to concentrations above 10,000ppm induces coughing. a state similar to that under the influence of alcohol, fatigue, headache and blurred vision; higher concentrations can cause coma. Chronic toxicity: there is lack of data on toxicity to humans; mutagenic activity has been detected (chromosome changes); the substance is carcinogenic (leukaemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, haematopoietic cancer). Exposure limits (ACGIH): TWA = 2ppm. EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.601-013-00-X; T, F+, R12, R45, R46, S33, S45, 203-450-8. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 02-1407. (101220)
CIS 03-61 ATSDR ToxProfiles 2002. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), MS E-29, Atlanta GA 30333, USA, 2002. CD-ROM requiring Pentium PC with CD-ROM drive, Windows 95, ME, NT, 2000 or XP, 32MB RAM (64MB recommended) 20MB available on hard disk. Contains files in PDF format viewable with Adobe Acrobat Reader. (In English) Internet: The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) toxicological profiles succinctly characterize the toxicological and adverse health effect information for specific hazardous substances. This CD-ROM contains 159 toxicological profiles and five interaction profiles. Each profile consists of a public health statement, together with information concerning the levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. (101354)
CIS 03-62 Bromoethane. Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. iv, 26p. 71 ref., ISBN 92-4-153042-1 (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document on bromoethane (synonym: ethyl bromide): limited data on humans suggest that high single exposures to bromoethane may result in narcosis leading to death, and that the product has neurotoxic effects; exposures to high concentrations are reported to be irritating to the eyes, but there are no data on skin or respiratory tract irritation. There are no data on the effects of repeated exposure on humans. Data from animal studies indicate that hepatotoxic, haematotoxic and neurotoxic effects are observed only after exposure to high concentrations. Results of a two-year study on mice suggests that bromoethane may be carcinogenic. The overall evaluation of IARC is that bromoethane is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (101001)
CIS 03-63 Acrolein. Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. iv, 46p. 248 ref., ISBN 92-4-153043-X (In English) Internet: Conclusions of this criteria document: acrolein is a strong upper respiratory tract and eye irritant in humans, as well as a mild skin irritant. Other reported effects of acute accidental exposure include weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, shortness of breath, bronchitis and pulmonary oedema, possibly leading to death. Animal experiments show acrolein to have high acute toxicity. There are indications of genotoxicity in vitro. There is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animal studies. The overall evaluation of IARC is that acrolein is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Detailed summaries in French and Spanish. (101002)
CIS 03-64 Toxicological profile for methyl parathion (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 226p. Illus. Approx. 770 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of methyl parathion is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: neurological effects due the inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase (tremor, convulsions, death); arrhythmia; cardiovascular lesions; miosis (pinpoint pupils). Neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported after chronic exposure. (101475)
CIS 03-65 Toxicological profile for di-n-butyl phthalate (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 185p. Illus. Approx. 610 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of di-n-butyl phthalate is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Based on findings from animal studies, toxic effects in humans would not be expected at typical exposure levels, since effects in animals were seen only at very high doses. Main effects on animals are developmental and reproductive alterations. (Update of CIS 91-1265). (101476)
CIS 03-66 Toxicological profile for benzidine (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 201p. Illus. Approx. 720 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of benzidine is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: carcinogenic effects (primarily bladder cancer and other sites); immunological effects (T-lymphocyte reduction); allergic eczematous dermatitis and sensitization. (Update of CIS 97-227). (101477)
CIS 03-67 Toxicological profile for asbestos (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 327p. Illus. Approx. 1800 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of asbestos is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: fibrotic lung disease (asbestosis); pleural thickening; lung cancer; pleural mesothelioma; increased risk of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and laryngeal cancer; depression of the immune system. (Update of CIS 97-226). (101478)
CIS 03-68 Toxicological profile for pentachlorophenol (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 269p. Illus. Approx. 775 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; hepatic damage; possible thyroid effects; developmental effects (congenital cataract) and possible reproduction effects immunological effects; neurological effects; carcinogenic effect (Hodgkin's disease, soft tissue sarcoma and acute leukaemia); haematological effects; skin rashes. (Update of CIS 98-1385). (101479)
CIS 03-69 Toxicological profile for 1,2-dichloroethane (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 252p. Illus. Approx. 700 ref. (In English) Internet: This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of 1,2-dichloroethane is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: hepatotoxicity (cirrhosis, necrosis); nephrotoxicity (diffuse and tubular necrosis, renal failure); neurological effects (headache, drowsiness, tremor, partial paralysis, coma); respiratory effects; cardiovascular effects (arrhythmia); gastrointestinal disorders; haematological effects (increased prothrombine time); immunological effects; carcinogenic effects (increased risk); reproductive effects (increased rates of premature births). (Update of CIS 99-236). (101480)
Training materials and practical informationCIS 03-70 Required notification/reporting in the area of occupational safety and health. (Portuguese: Notificações/Comunicações obrigatórias no domínio da SHST) Calado Correira M.M., Costa Rodrigues A., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, June 2002. 83p., ISBN 972-8321-51-1 (In Portuguese) Internet: This guide presents, in tabular form, the legally required steps in Portugal for procedures of notification, communication or application for licences in the occupational safety and health field, concerning occupational accidents, occupational diseases, specific hazards, hours of work and categories of workers (foreigners, minors, temporary workers). For each situation, tables contain the object of the notification or the authorization, the name of the applicant, the competent body for addressing the request, the deadline and the legal basis. Relevant regulations are listed in chronological order. (101067)
CIS 03-71 Guidance on the Accreditation of Occupational Health and Safety in Training Courses and Programs. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 14p., ISBN 0-642-41455-6 (In English) Internet: Guidance to the accreditation by the competent State and Territory governments in Australia of the occupational safety and health element in vocational training courses and programmes. A check list for use by applicants for accreditation is included. (101121)
CIS 03-72 Guidance on the assessment of OHS competencies within industry competency standards. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 14p., ISBN 0-642-41456-4 (In English) Internet: This guidance document was prepared in order to assist the integration of occupational safety and health into vocational education and training consistent with the National Training and Australian recognition frameworks. (101122)
CIS 03-73 Guidance on OHS in the registration and quality endorsement of training organisations. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 16p., ISBN 0-642-41489-0 (In English) Internet: This guidance document was prepared in order to assist the integration of occupational safety and health into vocational education and training consistent with the National Training and Australian recognition frameworks. Includes a check list for registration and quality endorsement of training organizations. (101123)
CIS 03-74 OHS in new apprenticeships. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 6 booklets (4p. each)., ISBN 0-642-41449-1 (4), ISBN 0-642-41450-5 (6), ISBN 0-642-41451-3 (5), ISBN 0-642-41452-1 (3), ISBN 0-642-41453-X (2), ISBN 0-642-41454-8 (1) (In English) Internet: A series of 6 booklets. Titles: 1 - A guide for apprentices and trainees; 2 - A guide for assessors; 3 - A guide for employers; 4 - A guide for persons in training and education authorities and boards with responsibilities for the implementation of new apprenticeships; 5 - A guide for teachers and trainers; 6 - A guide for training organizations. (101124)
CIS 03-75 Quality assuring the integration of OHS into training packages: Guidance and checklist. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 12p., ISBN 0-642-41457-2 (In English) Internet: This guidance document is intended for Training Package Developers (TPDs) to assist them in ensuring that the OSH material included in training packages is consistent with legislative requirements, accepted practice, and - where applicable - best practice. Check list for process and outcome checkpoints are provided. (101125)
CIS 03-76 A safety statement pack - An occupational health and safety guideline. Mauritius Employer's Federation, Mauritius, June 2002. 63p. (In English) Internet: Presented as a compilation of checklists and forms for preparing safety policy statements, the aim of this publication is to assist employers devise and implement a safety policy in compliance with statutory requirements. It also aims to reinforce the collaboration between employers and employees on matters related to safety, health and welfare. Contents; enterprise approach to ensure safety; identification of hazards; instruction and training; personal protective equipment; consultation; resources and equipment for hazard identification; electrical safety; health risks; safety facilities; welfare facilities; fire and emergency plans; first aid; cooperation of employees; role of safety committees; director's annual report on safety and health; safety audit. (101007)
CIS 03-77 Benchmarking occupational health and safety. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1996. 2 vols. (I: iv, 70p.) + (II: vi, 49p.). Illus. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: Two-volume detailed training guide to the health and safety benchmarking of enterprises, using the best practices of some of the largest companies in the world. Glossary, flowcharts. Includes a team leader's manual and a team member's workbook. (101127)
CIS 03-78 Evaluation of occupational hazards. (French: L'évaluation des risques professionnels) Andéol-Aussage B., Dornier G., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2002. 4p. Illus. 17 ref. (In French) Internet: The publication of Decree No.2001-1016 of 5 November 2001 (see CIS 01-1278) concerning the creation of a single document on the evaluation of safety and health risks to workers has again pushed the topic of occupational hazard evaluation to the forefront. Contents of this practical safety data sheet on the evaluation of occupational hazards: definitions of "risk", "danger", "damage" and "evaluation"; hazard evaluation approaches; five-step approach to evaluation (preparation, identification of the hazards, classification of the hazards, proposed prevention actions, decision on the alternatives); efforts undertaken by the French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS) and its partner organizations; French and European regulations. (101329)
CIS 03-79 An introduction to health and safety: Health and safety in small businesses. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2003. 33p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This booklet on occupational safety and health is aimed mainly at persons who manage small firms, but also at employees and their representatives. It covers the key areas of risk at work: managing health and safety; slips, trips and falls; asbestos; hazardous substances; falls from heights; musculoskeletal disorders; display screens; noise; vibration; electricity; equipment and machinery; maintenance and building work; workplace transport; pressure systems; fire and explosion; radiation; stress; first aid; accident reporting. It includes a section on making a risk assessment and preparing a health and safety policy document. Replaces CIS 98-132. (101459)
CIS 03-80 Competencies for health surveillance. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1998. iv, 22p. 3 ref., ISBN 0-642-47304-8 (In English) Internet: Training manual for developing the competencies of medical practitioners responsible for carrying out health surveillance of workers exposed to harmful substances, as well as for evaluating the programmes under which such surveillance is carried out. A glossary of terms is included. (101128)
CIS 03-81 Aching arms (or RSI) in small businesses - Is ill health due to upper limb disorders a problem in your workplace?. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Feb. 2003. 12p. Illus 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet is designed to help employers and managers in small enterprises to understand upper limb disorders (ULDs), often called "RSI" (repetitive strain injury). Contents: definition; symptoms; difference between ULD and RSI; managing ULDs; risk assessment in the workplace; measures for reducing the risks; dealing with ULDs. (101471)
CIS 03-82 Manual of occupational health in primary care. Sheffield Occupational Health Advisory Service, 3rd Floor Queen's Building, 55 Queen Street, Sheffield S1 2DX, United Kingdom, 2002. Loose-leaf binder containing approx. 450p. Illus. Approx.150 ref. Index. Price: GBP 70.00 (plus packaging and postage). (In English) Internet: This manual is aimed at occupational health advisors working in primary health care facilities in the United Kingdom. Individual sections address the following issues: working with patients; advice; stress; musculoskeletal diseases; cancer; lung disease; skin protection; noise and deafness; working mothers. Each section includes case histories, statistics, proposed actions and sources of information. (101260)
CIS 03-83 Health hazard evaluation program. (Spanish: Programa de evaluación de los peligros para la salud) Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, July 2002. 12p. +11p. (2 booklets). (In Spanish) Internet: A health hazard evaluation (HHE) is an evaluation of possible hazards at a workplace. These booklets aimed at employees, employees' representatives and employers give basic guidance on the NIOSH health hazard evaluation programme. Main topics covered: definition and purpose of HHEs; persons or organizations empowered to request an HHE; steps of the HHE procedure; confidentiality of data; reporting of HHE results; form for requesting an HHE. The documents are also available in English (see CIS 01-440). (101106)
CIS 03-84 Waste industry safety and health - Reducing the risk. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2002. 23p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This booklet produced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) with the help of the Waste Industry Safety and Health forum is aimed at supervisory staff and provides a checklist of standards to aim at. Contents: prevention of accidents due to vehicle movements (safe site, safe vehicle, safe way of working, safe worker, audible warning); sheeting (automatic sheeting systems, working platforms and gantry/harness systems); machinery guarding; prevention of slips and trips; hygiene measures (personal hygiene, avoiding causing dusts, air extraction, vaccination, medical examination); welfare facilities; manual handling; raising competence to reduce accidents (training programmes for managerial and supervisory staff and employees); personal protective equipment. (101472)
CIS 03-85 Prevention strategy - Safety and health protection in small agriculture and forest enterprises. (Portuguese: Estratégia de prevenção - Segurança e saúde no trabalho nas pequenas explorações agrícolas e florestais - Problemas e soluções) Sauer H.J, Associação de Agricultura da Associação Federal de Sociedades Agrícols (AISS), Weissensteinstrasse 72, Kassel, Germany, [2000]. 36p. Illus., ISBN 92-843-0146-7 (In Portuguese) Internet: Aimed at workers on small agricultural and forestry enterprises, this booklet lists the various problems and hazards they may be confronted with and proposes solutions and preventive measures, the most common being proper training. Main topics covered: risks to children; basic and refresher training; training of wives of agricultural workers; work of elderly persons; seasonal workers; safety of buildings; use of machinery; forestry workers; chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards; personal protective equipment; occupational safety and health legislation. Portuguese-language version of an ISSA publication originally in English, French and German. (101066)
CIS 03-86 Occupational safety engineering in the construction industry. (Portuguese: Engenharia de segurança do trabalho na indústria da construção) Rangel Filho A., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, ed., Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 93p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This student's guide presents practical advice in the field of safety of temporary installations on construction sites. Three aspects are considered: temporary access wooden structures (ladders, stairs, ramps, overhead walkways); protective measures against falls from heights (railings, barriers, nets, grills, partial blocking of openings); temporary electrical installations (preventive measures against electrical accidents and contact with electricity, earthing, risks due to humidity, maintenance of electrical installations, electric shocks). (101028)
CIS 03-87 Knitting industry - Manual on the prevention of occupational hazards. (Portuguese: Malhas - Manual de prevenção dos riscos profissionais) Carvalho M.J., et al., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, May 2002. 418p. Illus. 30 ref. + CD-ROM., ISBN 972-8321-59-7 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual on the prevention of occupational hazards in the knitting sector consists of three parts. The first specifies the legal framework together with the main hazards to which workers are subjected, their effects on health and the appropriate preventive measures; the second part describes the various steps involved in the production of knitwear; the third part contains 113 sheets that refer to specific tasks and equipment in knitting mills, including the definition of the task, the equipment and the materials used, together with descriptions of the task operation, hazards and preventive measures. Appendices include literature references and relevant legislation. An electronic version of this manual is available on CD-ROM. (101041)
CIS 03-88 Rope and net manufacturing - Manual on the prevention of occupational hazards. (Portuguese: Cordoaria e redes - Manual de prevenção dos riscos profissionais) Carvalho M.J., et al., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, May 2002. 276p. Illus. 26 ref. + CD-ROM., ISBN 972-8321-60-0 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual on the prevention of occupational hazards in the rope and net sector consists of three parts. The first specifies the legal framework together with the main hazards to which workers are subjected, their effects on health and the appropriate preventive measures; the second part describes the various steps involved in the production of roles and nets; the third part contains 63 sheets that refer to specific tasks and equipment in rope and net production, including the definition of the task, the equipment and the materials used, together with descriptions of the task operation, hazards and preventive measures. Appendices include literature references and relevant legislation. An electronic version of this manual is available on CD-ROM. (101042)
CIS 03-89 Garment industry - Manual on the prevention of occupational hazards. (Portuguese: Vestuário - Manual de prevenção dos riscos profissionais) Carvalho M.J., Maia E., Cunha G., Maia J., Ramoa A.F., Santos G., Gomes P., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Jan. 2002. 183p. Illus. 19 ref. + CD-ROM., ISBN 972-8321-48-1 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual on the prevention of occupational hazards in the garment sector consists of three parts. The first specifies the legal framework together with the main hazards to which workers are subjected, their effects on health and the appropriate preventive measures; the second part describes the various steps involved in the production of garments; the third part contains 30 sheets that refer to specific tasks and equipment in garment manufacturing, including the definition of the task, the equipment and the materials used, together with descriptions of the task operation, hazards and preventive measures. Appendices include literature references and relevant legislation. An electronic version of this manual is available on CD-ROM. (101043)
CIS 03-90 Textiles / Cotton industry - Manual on the prevention of occupational hazards. (Portuguese: Têxtil / Algodoeira - Manual de prevenção dos riscos profissionais) Carvalho M.J., et al., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Apr. 2002. 404p. Illus. 27 ref. + CD-ROM., ISBN 972-8321-52-X (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual on the prevention of occupational hazards in the cotton industry consists of three parts. The first specifies the legal framework together with the main hazards to which workers are subjected, their effects on health and the appropriate preventive measures; the second part describes the various steps involved in the production of cotton fabrics; the third part contains 154 sheets that refer to specific tasks carried out in the cotton industry, including the definition of the task, the equipment and the materials used, together with descriptions of the task operation, hazards and preventive measures. Appendices include literature references and relevant legislation. An electronic version of this manual is available on CD-ROM. (101044)
CIS 03-91 The shoemaking industry - Occupational safety and health manual. (Portuguese: Indústria do calçado - Manual de prevenção) Ferreira M.J., Melo J.L., Neves A., Stokler C., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, June 2001. 119p. Illus. 40 ref. Price: EUR 6.23., ISBN 972-8321-45-7 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual presents an analysis of hazards in the shoe industry, as well as the necessary prevention measures. The various steps involved in shoe manufacture are described (cutting, sewing, mounting and finishing), and the hazards (mechanical, electrical, chemical and thermal, respirable dust, noise, fire, lighting) are evaluated in terms of their effects on exposed workers. Preventive measures (training and information, signalling, personal protective equipment, collective protection) are specified, together with the role of safety and health services. A glossary and applicable legislation are appended. (101069)
CIS 03-92 Occupational safety and health manual - The shoe industry. (Portuguese: Manual de segurança e saúde no trabalho - Indústria calçadista) Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI), Departamento Regional de São Paulo, CEP 01311-923, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2002. 298p. Illus. 45 ref. (In Portuguese) Internet: Aimed at employers in the shoe industry, this manual contains practical guidance for conducting an evaluation of the risks arising from work procedures and implementing appropriate preventive measures. It also presents a programme on the prevention of hazards in occupational settings as well as the results of a study on environmental hygiene carried out in 17 enterprises. Safety and health regulations applicable to this industry are commented. (101110)
CIS 03-93 The cork industry - Occupational safety and health manual. (Portuguese: Indústria da cortiça - Manual de prevenção) Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Sep. 2001. 157p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: EUR 7.48., ISBN 972-8321-46-5 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual presents an analysis of the hazards arising from the preparation and treatment of cork, as well as the appropriate prevention measures. The various hazards (mechanical, microbiological, electrical, chemical and thermal, respirable dust, noise) are identified and evaluated in terms of their effects on exposed workers. Preventive measures (including signalling, personal protective equipment, collective protection, training and information) are defined, together with the role of the safety and health service that each enterprise operating in this sector is required have. The various preparation and treatment operations of cork are described. For each operation, class of hazard, the specific hazard, the effects and prevention measures are listed in tables that can form the basis of a prevention programme. A glossary is included. (101068)
CIS 03-94 Health and safety in audio-visual production - Your legal duties. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 15p. 7ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet is aimed at persons working in the broadcasting, video production and advertising sectors. It explains the legal obligations and responsibilities of investors, clients, production companies, producers, contractors, designers, suppliers and workers. It also refers to the duties of employers (production company or producer) under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 to ensure that the demand of the task do not exceed employees' ability to carry out the work safely and to ensure training. It also explains how to carry out a risk assessment and outlines the responsibilities of employers with respect to the safety and health of self-employed workers. (101211)
CIS 03-95 Small business management training: Integrating occupational health & safety competencies - A guide for trainers and educators. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1999. 75p. 4 ref. (In English) Internet: Contents of this training manual: glossary; introduction (national generic OSH competencies, small business management and OSH, development of the guide, relationship of the guide to national training packages); audience and purpose of the guide; planning; legislative and administrative matters; managing customer services; operations and financial management; people and self management; monitoring and review; useful OHS resources for small businesses; references and contacts. (101126)
CIS 03-96 A guide for new and expectant mothers who work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2003. 15p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet answers the questions new and expectant mothers may have about actions they need to take and measures their employer should take to protect their health and that of their child. Contents: legislation and employer's responsibility; informing the employer about the pregnancy and breastfeeding; hazard assessment of the workplace; changing working hours; work breaks; working at night; maternity rights; returning to work; workplace risks associated with breastfeeding; where to get advice or further information. (101473)
CIS 03-97 New and expectant mothers at work. Health and Safety Executive, Internet copy only, Mar. 2003. 12p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet is aimed at health professionals in Britain who provide advice to new and expectant mothers. Contents: duties of employers under the Management of Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (see CIS 02-1507); medical statement when work adjustments are required; maternity certificate; adjusting the working conditions to the pregnancy-related medical conditions (high blood pressure); alternate work in the case of risky conditions (physical or chemical hazards, biological agents; difficult working conditions); rest facilities; night work; impact on maternity rights of issuing a medical statement. (101474)
CIS 03-98 Computerized workplaces - 10 proposals for your health and well-being. (French: Postes de travail informatisés - 10 conseils pour votre santé et votre bien-être; German: Arbeiten am Bildschirm - 10 Tipps für Ihre Gesundheit und Ihr Wohlbefinden; Italian: Lavoro al videoterminale - 10 consigli utili per tutelare la salute e il benessere dei lavoratori) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 2002. 12p. Illus. 3 ref. (In French, German, Italian) Internet: This leaflet contains ten ergonomic proposals for the health and well-being persons working at screens: avoid reflections and glare; place the screen directly facing the user; ensure that there is enough space for the legs under the table; take advantage of the various layout possibilities; ensure that the forearms are in a horizontal position; select a chair allowing dynamic seating; observe a proper distance between the eyes and the screen; adjust the screen so that the upper limit is 5-10cm below eye level; make use of auxiliary equipment foot rests, arm rests, document holders); move around regularly. (101370)
CIS 03-99 Lead workers are not made of steel. (Portuguese: O trabalhador do chumbo não é de ferro) Sampaio M.R., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 30p. Illus. Price: BRL 5.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Aimed at workers exposed to lead, this training booklet presents the risks incurred, hygiene and preventive measures, and workers' rights with respect to occupational safety and health in poem form. Four exercises are also proposed to the workers. They consist of analysing their conditions of work, the risks they incur and their influence on health, as well as the prevention measures they should consider. (101011)
CIS 03-100 Lead and measures for limiting exposure. (Portuguese: O chumbo e as formas de controle) Paceli Hatem Diniz E., Sampaio M.R., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 39p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: BRL 7.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Aimed at workers handling lead, this booklet provides practical guidance on limiting exposure. Contents: characteristics of lead; causes of lead poisoning (inhalation of dust or smoke; eating, drinking or smoking at the place of work); poisoning prevention (local ventilation, protective screens, collection of waste); respirators; other prevention and hygiene measures (cleaning of premises and workplaces, food and smoking, information of workers, periodical medical examinations). (101029)
CIS 03-101 Safety in confined space. Dumayag C.M., Viado A.M., Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Apr. 2000. ii, 30p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: Work in confined spaces such as tunnels or tanks is dangerous, involving the risk of getting trapped, being exposed to toxic substances or suffering from a lack of oxygen. Many workers have died in confined spaces while doing their job or attempting to rescue their fellow workers. Contents of this guide on the prevention of hazards when working in confined spaces: introduction; definition of confined space; examples of confined space; hazards in confined spaces; control of hazards; confined space entry procedures. Appendices include: checklist; samples of tags; sample of permit to enter a confined space. (101376)
CIS 03-102 Technical advisory on hazardous material and health - No.1 - Workplace chemicals and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Aug. 2002. 11p. Illus. (In English) Internet: The Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an extreme allergic reaction to a variety of substances, including certain chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The objective of this booklet is to offer advice to employers and workers on preventing risks of SJS and other illnesses caused by exposure to chemicals. Contents: introduction and description of SJS; causes of SJS; workplace hazards and SJS; symptoms; persons at risk; hazard evaluation; preventive measures, including limitation of exposure; legal aspects; points to remember about types of chemicals found in the workplace. (101375)
CIS 03-103 Respiratory protection programme - Recommendations, selection and use of respirators. (Portuguese: Programa de proteção respiratória - Recomendações, seleção e uso de respiradores) Torloni M., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, ed., Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2002. 127p. Illus. 36 ref. Price: BRL 10.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This publication provides practical guidance on designing a respiratory protection programme as well as on the selection and use of respirators. Contents: requirements applicable to respiratory protection programmes; qualifications required for managing a respiratory protection programme and responsibilities of the responsible person; written procedures for routine and emergency use; factors influencing the selection of equipment (routine work, work in confined spaces, in IDLH atmospheres or under reduced pressure, other factors); training in the use of the equipment; air-tightness testing; maintenance; inspection and storage; breathing air for self-contained or compressed air respirators. The 11 appendices provide additional information (glossary, procedures for cleaning and carrying out air-tightness testing, evaluation of the aptitude of workers to wearing the respirators, classification of respirators according to their mode of work). (101020)
CIS 03-104 Local exhaust ventilation in electroplating. (Portuguese: Ventilação local exaustora em galvanoplastia) Vieira Sobrinho F., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2nd ed., 2002. 85p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: BRL 7.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Electroplating operations require good local exhaust ventilation in order to avoid health problems among workers. This manual, which replaces the edition of 1995 (see CIS 01-731), covers the following topics: basic principles of industrial hygiene, electrolytic processes and industrial ventilation; toxicity of products used in eletroplating; components of a local exhaust ventilation system; dimensioning of aspiration equipment and ducts; general ventilation (dilution of pollutants, air circulation); assessment of the efficiency of a captor; exhaust in cleaning and polishing operations. (101018)
CIS 03-105 Solder fume and you. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, rev. ed., June 2002. 11p. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet describes possible health hazards from solder fumes when using soldering flux containing rosin (also known as colophony). It explains the employers' responsibilities and the precautions that need to be taken by employees. Contents: properties of rosin; use of rosin in soldering; health hazards (respiratory and skin effects) associated with exposure to rosin-based solder fumes; how exposure occurs; legal requirements; what employers and employees need to do; health surveillance; sources of further information. Replaces CIS 01-729. (101308)
CIS 03-106 Working safely with metalworking fluids. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. Pack contains: good practice manual entitled Working safely with metalworking fluids (HSG231, vi, 54p. Illus. 18 ref.); 8 information sheets on working safely with metalworking fluids; booklet entitled Working safety with metalworking fluids - A guide for employees (HSG365, 8p., Illus. 3 ref.); wallchart entitled Working safely with metalworking fluids. Price: GBP 17.50., ISBN 0-7176-2561-3 (In English) Internet: Metalworking fluids are used to cool and lubricate the machining activity, prolong the life of the tool, carry away debris and protect the surfaces of the workpieces. Risks to health from these substances can occur in cases of inhalation of excessive mists and vapour, from repeated skin contact or from fluid contamination by bacteria. This guidance was developed in order to help users of metalworking fluids manage the risks to their health from working with these materials. Contents of the good practice manual: metalworking fluids (description, risks to health, legal requirements, planning for health risk management, working with fluid and equipment suppliers) managing the health risks (fluid management, controlling the risk of dermatitis, controlling inhalation exposure, personal protective equipment); monitoring exposure; health surveillance; training. Appendices include a monitoring chart for sump fluid condition and control sheets. The manual is part of a pack which also includes a booklet summarizing guidance of the good practice manual, safety information sheets and a wallchart. (101495)
CIS 03-107 Silicosis in sandblasters - A case study adapted for use in U.S. high schools. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, June 2002. 21p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: More than two million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to dusts containing crystalline silica. Prolonged inhalation of silica-containing dusts puts these workers at risk of silicosis, a fibrosis of the lungs that causes shortness of breath. More than 100,000 workers in the United States are in high-risk occupations such as sandblasting. The purpose of this booklet is to explain the basic principles of epidemiology to high school students, using the example of silicosis among sandblasters. Contents: glossary; case study of silicosis among oil field drilling pipe sandblasters; understanding silicosis; prevention of silicosis; suggested reading. (101288)
CIS 03-108 Asphalt and road work. (French: Bitumes et travaux routiers) Binet B., Brasseur G., Lafontaine M., Dornier G., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2002. 4p. Illus. (In French) Internet: 75,000 workers are employed in road work in France, of whom 4200 are directly concerned by exposure to asphalt fumes. It is estimated that these workers are exposed for an average of 1000 hours per year. Asphalt smoke contains substances that are harmful to health. Consequently, due attention needs to be given to prevention measures to protect the workers' health. Contents of this safety data sheet on asphalt fumes during road work: risks to humans (exposed population, health effects); means of prevention (simple measures, technical improvements in products and processes); animal experiments; epidemiological and exposure evaluation studies in humans. (101328)
CIS 03-109 Fire safety in construction work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2001. viii, 48p. Illus. 70 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-1332-1 (In English) Internet: Training guide and manual on fire prevention and fire fighting in relation to construction work in the United Kingdom. Main topics covered: prevention of fires; reduction of ignition sources; general fire precautions; emergency procedures; fire safety in temporary accommodation units and sleeping accommodation. In appendices: enforcement authorities; scope of the Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976; responsibilities for fire safety on a construction site. Replaces CIS 97-1482. (101219)
CIS 03-110 Guidance for protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biological or radiological attacks. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, May 2002. vii, 28p. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: This document provides guidance on preventive measures to be adopted by building owners and managers to protect air environments from a terrorist release of chemical, biological or radiological contaminants. These recommendations focus on short-term actions and are to be considered only as a first step of a process to develop more comprehensive guidance. Contents: scope; background; importance of understanding current building systems; specific recommendations (things not to be done; physical security; ventilation and filtration; maintenance; administration and training); decisions and measures. (101305)
CIS 03-111 Prevention of accidents caused by venomous animals. (Portuguese: Prevenção de acidentes com animais peçonhentos) Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 46p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: BRL 10.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Aimed at workers exposed to risks of accidents from venomous animals, this booklet lists the various dangerous species in Brazil, gives practical advice on the prevention of accidents and explains the measures that need to be taken in the event of an accident. Contents: accidents caused by snakes; accidents causes by spiders, scorpions or tarantulas; accidents caused by bees, wasps or ants; personal protective equipment; addresses of Brazilian poison centres and national coordination programme for the control of accidents due to venomous animals. (101030)
CIS 03-112 A primer on HIV/AIDS and the workplace: Based on RA 8504 - The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998. Estrella-Gust D.P., Hernandez Diaz P., eds., Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, July 2002. 22p. Illus., ISBN 971-8806-05-9 (In English) Internet: This booklet on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is presented in the form of answers to frequently-asked questions, where appropriate with reference to Republic Act (RA) 8504, also known as the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998. (101373)
CIS 03-113 Animal prions in the working environment. (French: Les prions d'origine animale en milieu de travail) Le Bâcle C., Balty I., Dornier G., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2002. 4p. Illus. 11 ref. (In French) Internet: Persons working in slaughterhouses as well as those exposed to animal flour are at risk of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) caused by prions. Contents of this practical safety data sheet on risks from animal prions at the workplace: description of prions (their nature and the WHO classification of animal tissues according to the risk they present); risks to humans; preventive measures as a function of activities and workplaces; French and European regulations; efforts undertaken by the French French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS) and other French institutions involved. Tables show data on TSE by animal species as well as the incidence of bovine TSE (BSE) in the ten most severely affected countries. (101330)
CIS 03-114 Getting to grips with manual handling - A short guide for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2002. 11p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: In the United Kingdom, over a third of occupational injuries resulting in more than three days of absenteeism are caused by manual handling. Most of the reported accidents cause back injury, although hands, arms and feet are also vulnerable. Aimed at employers, this booklet provides guidance on their responsibilities for the prevention of injuries due to manual handling. Contents: overview of the problem; legal responsibilities of employers; eliminating the need for manual handling where possible; assessing and reducing the risk of injury; training; good handling techniques; guidelines for carrying out a risk assessment. Replaces CIS 00-352. (101212)
CIS 03-115 Simple solutions: Ergonomics for farm workers. (Spanish: Soluciones simples: Ergonomía para trabajadores agrícolas) Baron S., Estill C.F., Steege A., Lalich A., eds., Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, July 2002. 46p. Illus. (In English, Spanish) Internet: After an introduction defining the basic principles of ergonomics, this booklet presents 14 sheets with simple ergonomic solutions with proven effectiveness in the agricultural sector. They present tools and accessories developed to facilitate work and minimize ergonomic risks due to postures, as well as more ergonomical and efficient methods of work for various tasks including weed removal in tree nurseries, cleaning of vegetables and transport of boxes and vegetable packing. (101107)
CIS 03-116 Ergonomics for the control of sprains and strains in mining. AusInfo Government Info Shops, www.ausinfo.gov.au, Australia, 1993. 36p. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: Contents of this training manual: manual handling; hazard recognition; rough rides; evaluation of seating on mining vehicles. In annex: glossary; checklists (on manual handling, seating and the ergonomics of mining equipment). (101129)
Periodicals, books, databases, audiovisualsCIS 03-117 A checklist for meeting objectives. (German: Mit der Checkliste zum Ziel) Umwelt, June 2001, Vol.31, No.6, p.29. Illus. (In German) Internet: The Emas II Ordinance, which is an overhaul of the Emas I European regulations on the implementation of an environmental management system and audit aimed at making it compatible with the ISO 14001 standard, came into effect in Germany on 27 April 2001. The practical implementation of Emas II on the basis of the text of the ordinance turns out to be rather complicated and lengthy. Two environmental experts therefore undertook to analyse the ordinance and developed a checklist addressing all aspects to be covered and the requirements that need to be met. This list can be equally used by environmental experts and by responsible persons within enterprises who wish to apply the procedure. The list can be downloaded from the Internet (URL http://www.technikwissen.de//library/pdf/frageliste.pdf). (101427)
CIS 03-118 Effect of state workplace safety laws on occupational injury rates. Smitha M.W., Kirk K.A., Oestenstad K.R., Brown K.C., Lee S.D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2001, Vol.43, No.12, p.1001-1010. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of mandatory state-level workplace safety regulations on injury severity rates during the period 1992 to 1997 for the manufacturing sector. Poisson regression analysis was carried out on two models, a full model including all the parameters and a reduced model where non significant terms were removed. Safety committee regulations were found to have a significant reducing effect on injury rates in the full model. Safety programme regulations were also significant, while the effect of insurance carrier loss control regulations was highly significant only in the reduced model. Finally, targeting initiatives were non-significant in both the full and reduced models. The study results are important to federal and state agencies considering adopting workplace safety regulations that are similar to the four types evaluated in this study. (101076)
CIS 03-119 Accident prevention. Rantanen J., Amweelo M., Onyoyo H.A., Chippaux J.P., Kaoneka B.S., Ak'habuhaya J.L., Asuzu M.C., Lehtinen S., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 2000, Vol.10, No.1, p.1-27 (whole issue). Illus. 44 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational accident prevention. Contents: accident prevention in Namibia; proactive strategies in occupational accident prevention in Kenya; prevention of snake bites and management of envenomations in Africa; effect of training in the prevention of accidents. Other topics: pesticide management in developing countries; development of occupational medicine in Africa; consultation on the ILO SafeWork Programme. (101437)
CIS 03-120 Accident prevention. Horiuchi M., Bold J., Lee H.K., Evans W.A., Pinnagoda J., Tsang C.K., Kwong C.Y., Saxena S.K., Fulekar M.H., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, July 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.35-59 (whole issue). Illus. 23 ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on various occupational accident prevention and health issues of relevance to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Main topics covered: role of labour inspectors in the prevention of occupational accidents in Mongolia; safety of suspended seats used in the Hong Kong construction sector; role of training to ensure the proper use of personal protective equipment; industrial safety training in Hong Kong; shipyard safety management system in Singapore; role of government in providing industrial safety and health training in India; occupational safety practice in Singapore; impact of agrochemicals on the agricultural environment in India. (101448)
CIS 03-121 Hazardous occupations in Great Britain. Roberts S.E., Lancet, 17 Aug. 2002, Vol.360, No.9332, p.543-544. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: The causes of all deaths in the British merchant marine (507) and trawler fishing (454) industries during the period 1976-1995 were compared with those for all other occupations (except civil aviation) (9543). Fishermen were 52.4 times more likely to have a fatal accident at work than British workers in general; for seafarers the factor was 26.2. Although a downward trend has been identified in these occupations, they remain much more hazardous than the average, and a reduction in unsafe working practices at sea is strongly recommended. (101009)
CIS 03-122 Occupational health services. Koh D., Lee H.P., Nguyen T.H.T., Le V.T., Liang Y.X., Fu H., Gu X.Q., Lee S.H., Rantanen J., Al-Mahtab A.M., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Sep. 1998, Vol.5, No.2, p.27-51 (whole issue). Illus. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational health services in Asia. Contents: role of occupational health services in public health; the occupational health system in Vietnam; occupational health services in Korea; occupational health services in China; new trends in occupational health services; review of a conference on good occupational health practice held in Finland; review of a symposium on occupational health services in small enterprises. Other topic: effects of organo-phosphorus pesticides on the health of agrochemical workers in Bangladesh. (101091)
CIS 03-123 Occupational hygiene and practical solutions. Zalk D.M., Batino J.M.S., Kawakami T., Nguyen T.C., Sithisarankul P., Punpeng T., Boonchoo S., Baikrai U., Jackson H., Liang Y.X., Wu W.A., Fu W.Z., Lehtinen S., Fujioka M., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Nov. 2002, Vol.9, No.3, p.50-74 (whole issue). Illus. 43 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational hygiene: Contents: participatory occupational hygiene; low-cost improvements and good work practices implemented in the Philippines; occupational hygiene and protective measures in Vietnam; healthy workplaces and indicators in Thailand; use of safety data sheets and labelling for controlling exposure to chemicals; latest developments in occupational health legislation in China; review of a symposium on asbestos aimed at countries in the Asia-Pacific region held in Finland. Other topic: occupational morbidity in Japan compared to Nordic countries. (101099)
CIS 03-124 Annual report 2001. Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 34-4 Gusan-dong, Bupyung-gu, Incheon 403-711, Republic of Korea, 2001. 88p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Annual report of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) for the year 2001. It includes statistics of occupational accidents, fatalities and diseases, and descriptions of projects undertaken or funded by KOSHA in the following areas: accident prevention support to small and medium enterprises; promotion of self-regulatory safety at workplaces; prevention of occupational diseases; prevention of accidents at construction sites; safety inspection of dangerous machines and facilities; research and development in the field of occupational safety and health; accident prevention training; encouraging safety awareness; publications; international cooperation. (101006)
CIS 03-125 Legislation as a tool in occupational health and safety. Pinnagoda C., Rantanen J., Paul J.J., Muchiri F.K., Tornberg V., Loewenson R., Lehtinen S., Ngowi A.V.F., Maeda D.N., Kissio H., Omare D., Selim S.R., Mwaura W., Cambridge C., Phalalo J.L., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1992, Vol.2, No.3, p.62-100 (whole issue). Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation. Contents: legislation as a tool for promoting OSH; OSH legislation and enforcement in Mauritius; OSH legislation in Kenya. Other topics: an ILO course on productivity and working conditions held in Kenya; East African regional cooperation in pesticide hazard prevention; ILO Regional trade union meeting held in Zimbabwe; OSH workshop for factory inspectorates held in Kenya; pesticide poisonings in coffee-growing regions of Tanzania; coping with stress at work; working environment and conditions of work in Africa; data on occupational accidents and diseases in Kenya; role of management in improving the factory inspection service; safety in the power generation and transmission sector of Botswana. (101085)
CIS 03-126 Training. Sekimpi D.K., Phoon W.O., Lauwo C.N., Nsubuga S.K., Saarinen L., Tuppurainen M., Gitonga L., Launis K., Rantanen J., Kakai J.W., Lehtinen S., Wambugu A., Njeru D.M.K., East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 31 Dec. 1987, No.3, p.1-32 (whole issue). Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of training in the field of occupational safety and health (OSH) in East Africa. Contents: role of OSH training in developing countries; OSH training in Tanzania; OSH education and training in Uganda; practical aspects of OSH training in developing countries; role of the occupational health nurse in a hospital setting in Kenya; principles of OSH training in Finland. Other topics: overview of occupational health services; occupational asthma; factories inspectorate in Tanzania; case description of a fatal accident involving the asphyxiation of a worker during the clearing of a grain silo in Kenya. (101081)
CIS 03-127 Collaboration. Kiara S.K., Ristimäki I., Sakari W.D.O., Ogaram D.A., Otim-Ogwal C., Mfitumukiza D.N., Baloyi R.S., Murenha M., Marberg J.O., Juma A.A., Saari J., Sundén A., Huismans J.W., Mbuani S.K., East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 10 June 1988, No.1, p.1-28 (whole issue). Illus. 1 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue primarily is devoted to the theme of international cooperation in occupational safety and health (OSH). Contents: cooperation between Finland and East African countries; OSH collaboration in Kenya; OSH collaboration in Uganda; example of national-level collaboration for OSH training at workplaces in Zimbabwe. Other topics: replacement of asbestos in Zanzibar; importance of good housekeeping; presentation of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC, see CIS 93-933); avoiding unsafe acts; OSH news from Uganda. (101082)
CIS 03-128 Proceedings of PACOH '92. Sekimpi D.K., Lehtinen S., eds., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1993, Vol.3, Suppl.1, p.1-116 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a conference on occupational safety and health (OSH) in Africa held on 15-20 November 1992 in Lusaka, Zambia. These proceedings contain a selection of 20 papers on various OSH topics among the 50 that were presented at the conference. One paper is presented in French. (101086)
CIS 03-129 Information networking. Shilla C.P.N., Mikheev M., Uusitalo T., Naidoo R., Momoh B., Ojok J., Lehtinen S., Takala J., Waweru M.K., Rama D.B.K., Swutse P., Corn M., Goelzer B., Sørensen F., Petersen S., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, May 1995, Vol.5, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. 35 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the topic of sharing and exchanging occupational safety and health (OSH) information among African countries. Contents: collaboration between factory inspectorates in Swaziland, Lesotho and Botswana; WHO OSH networks; assessing OSH information through the Internet. Other topics: OSH in Sierra Leone; methods of noise control; review of an OSH conference in Finland; increasing awareness of work and health; cholinesterase reaction and inhibition by pesticides; review of a WHO meeting on occupational hazard prevention and control held in Switzerland; substitution of hazardous chemicals. (101090)
CIS 03-130 Occupational health and safety indicators. Chavalitnitikul C., Takala J., Machida S., Markkanen P., Choi B.C.K., Gupta K.C., Lehtinen S., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 2000, Vol.7, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational safety and health (OSH) indicators. Contents: global and regional indicators of death, disease and disability at work; OSH developments and challenges in the Asia-Pacific region; Thai and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) experiences in the development of OSH surveillance indicators. Other topics: contribution and impact of NGOs in OSH in India; consultation on the ILO SafeWork programme. (101093)
CIS 03-131 Risk surveys. De Alwis W.R., Kurppa K., Riala R., Liang Y.X., Xia Z.L., Jin K.Z., Fu H., Zhu J.L., Le V.T., Doan D.H., Barnhart S., Horsawad V., Wickström G., Kwon J.Y., Tyagi P., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 2001, Vol.8, No.1, p.1-23. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of risk surveys. Contents: workplace survey as part of the workplace risk assessment; survey of occupational accidents and musculoskeletal disorders in China; risk survey report on rock crushing operations in the province of Hanam in Vietnam. Other topics: traffic police in Thailand; comments by an ILO official on progress made in occupational safety and health (OSH) in Thailand; comments of an official from the Korean OSH agency on a training programme organized by the Finnish OSH Institute; health problems among mine workers in the state of Rajasthan, India. (101096)
CIS 03-132 Networking. Lehtinen S., Clevenstine E., Fingerhut M.A., Kortum-Margot E., Le V.T., Phan H.H., Saxena S.K., Juengprasert W., Chaikittiporn C., Kurppa K., Kogi K., Kawakami T., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, July 2002, Vol.9, No.2, p.23-47 (whole issue). Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of networks for the sharing and exchange of occupational safety and health (OSH) information. Contents: safety and health information system (CIS) of the ILO, including the list of CIS collaborating centres in the Asia-Pacific region; network of WHO collaborating centres in occupational health; ICOH scientific committee on occupational health development; national OSH information network in Vietnam; improving the online exchange of OSH information in Vietnam; presentation of an Indian OSH information network. Other topics: academic institutions as a resource for occupational health in Thailand; trends in OSH management systems in the Asia-Pacific region. (101098)
CIS 03-133 Informal sector. Phoon W.O., Kawakami T., Ton T.K., Nguyen T.H.T., Lehtinen S., Chavalitnitikul C., De Alwis R., Muto T., Ng L.P., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 2003, Vol.10, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the informal sector. Contents: practical application of ILO-OSH 2001 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management System in Vietnam; OSH in SMEs and in the informal sector in Vietnam; OSH information, training and education; home workers in Thailand; approach to providing occupational heath services to the informal sector in Sri Lanka; new OSH measures for SMEs in Japan. Other topics: practical approaches to occupational hygiene in Singapore; review article on a WHO meeting of occupational health collaborating centres held in Brazil; review article on an ICOH meeting held in Brazil. (101100)
CIS 03-134 Compensation of occupational injury and disease in Norway: Ranking of job groups. Bull N., Riise T., Moen B.E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.621-628. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: The health risk of various job groups in Norway was estimated by ranking them according to compensation cost per worker. This was done by dividing the cost of work-related injury and disease from 1991 to 1996 in various job groups by the number of workers in these groups. Occupational groups were also ranked according to total annual costs. The five occupational groups with the highest total costs were metalworkers, woodworkers, nursing-related workers, fisheries workers and teachers. The groups with the highest annual cost per worker were the shoe and leather industry, oil an gas extraction, fisheries, mining and quarrying, and merchant shipping. Fisheries workers and ship's officers were ranked among the top ten positions on both lists and deserve priority in preventive measures. (101152)
CIS 03-135 Influence of training on the perception of the causes of risks of occupational accidents. (Spanish: Influencia de la formación en la percepción de las causas de los riesgos de accidentes de trabajo) de la Orden M.V., Zimmermann M., Maqueda J., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2002, No.21, p.4-9. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Among the questions in the national survey on conditions of work conducted in Spain (see CIS 01-407), workers were asked to identify the three main causes of occupational accidents from a 17-item list. An answer given by a majority of workers was "excessive confidence or habit". The objective of this study was to determine the influence of workers' training on their perceptions of the cause of accidents being due to "excessive confidence or habit". It involved a sample of 1128 workers of different levels of education who had participated in the national survey, who had received occupational safety training in the previous 12 months and who had identified an accident hazard at their place of work. It was found that the perception of "excessive confidence or habit" depends neither on training, nor on age, nor on the level of education and nor on whether the workers had been or not victims of an occupational accident in the two years preceding the study. (101338)
CIS 03-136 Information and communication technology applied to standardization. (German: Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken als Hilfsmittel für die Normung) Müller N., Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität Clausthal, 2001, Mitteilung Nr.26, p.71-78. Illus. 3 ref. (In German) Internet: Industry and business are constantly evolving and standardization needs to follow the trend to enable enterprises to adapt rapidly to new market conditions. This article discusses how information and communication technologies can be integrated in the future to form a tool allowing the rationalization of standardization work across organizations, as well as an access to all interested parties. These tools could also be applied to the development of intra-company standards. (101424)
CIS 03-137 Preventive and control strategies on occupational accidents and diseases. Lehtinen S., Rantanen J., eds., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1996, Vol.6, Suppl.2, i-iii, 1-180p (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a symposium on the prevention and control of occupational accidents and diseases held on 6-8 December 1995 in Nairobi, Kenya. The objective of the symposium was to share knowledge among experts having several years' experience in Finnish-African collaboration. It contains 36 papers on various aspects of occupational safety and health (OSH), together with summary reports of six working groups (training and information, prevention of occupational accidents, preventive and control strategies for occupational diseases, OSH services, heavy physical work, collaboration with the European Union in OSH programmes). (101434)
CIS 03-138 Networking. Lehtinen S., Clevenstine E., Fingerhut M.A., Kortum-Margot E., Ennals R., Stanton D.W., Vartio A., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 2002, Vol.12, No.2, p.1-43 (whole issue). Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on the networks for the sharing and exchanging of occupational safety and health information. Contents: the safety and health information centre (CIS) of the ILO, including the list of African CIS collaborating centres; network of WHO collaborating centres in occupational health; networking for occupational health education; presentation of two important African web sites (ASOSH.org and SHEAfrica.info); the ICOH Scientific Committee on Occupational Health Development; the Baltic Sea Information Network. (101439)
CIS 03-139 Occupational accidents. Nkurlu J.I., Takala J., Ogonji F.O., Njeru D.M.K., Munguti S., Monyo R.A., Svedberg U., Nsubuga S.K., Kangethe S.K., Cassitto M., Anger W.K., Hänninen H., Xintaras C., East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 10 Nov. 1987, No.2, p.1-28 (whole issue). Illus. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on occupational accidents and health hazards of relevance to East African countries. Main topics covered: overview of statistics of occupational accidents in selected African and Nordic countries; statistics on industrial accidents and diseases as a basis for decision-making and action; brief presentation of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP); provision of milk to workers exposed to hazardous chemicals as a protective measure together with protective clothing and other occupational hygiene measures; health hazards related to organic dusts in Tanzania; statistics of occupational accidents in Uganda; review of a workshop on chemical hazards aimed at African countries held in Kenya; health effects of welding operations; field evaluation of the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. (101441)
CIS 03-140 Asian-Pacific newsletter on occupational safety and health. Gold D., Nguyen A.N., Hussain A.H.J., Abdeali A., Uusitalo T., Lehtinen S., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1994, Vol.1, No.2, p.31-55 (whole issue). Illus. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on various occupational safety and health (OSH) issues of relevance to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Main topics covered: activities of the national institute for labour protection in Vietnam; progressing towards a new safety culture in Malaysia; OSH training and promotion programmes in Singapore; ILO participatory approach to OSH training; safety audits; review of a meeting on new epidemics in occupational health held in Finland. (101442)
CIS 03-141 Asian-Pacific newsletter on occupational safety and health. Nakamura T., Gold D., Lehtinen S., Piprell C., Sun L., Sharma S.S., Lee C.W., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 1994, Vol.1, No.1, p.1-27 (whole issue). Illus. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on various occupational safety and health (OSH) issues of relevance to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Main topics covered: presentation of the ILO programme for OSH in the Asia-Pacific region funded by the government of Finland (ILO/FINNIDA Asian-Pacific Regional Programme); presentation of the Thai National Institute for the Improvement of Working Conditions and the Environment (NICE); OSH training and information in China; activities of the Indian central labour Institute; activities of the Korean Industrial Safety Corporation (KISCO); review of a meeting on the problems of small-scale enterprises held in Thailand; networking in the Asia-Pacific region. (101443)
CIS 03-142 Asian-Pacific newsletter on occupational safety and health. Dumont C., Rautio S., Assens J., Simanjuntak P.J., Mak H.K., Shan S., Lehtinen S., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1994, Vol.1, No.3, p.59-83 (whole issue). Illus. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on various occupational safety and health (OSH) issues of relevance to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Main topics covered: presentation of the national OSH centre of the Philippines; OSH in the South Pacific; presentation of the ILO project on workers' education in OSH (ILO/WE-OSH); presentation of the Indonesian centre for ergonomics and OSH; OSH experiences in Hong Kong; inspection of boilers and pressure vessels in China; review on the meeting of WHO occupational health collaborating centres held in China. (101444)
CIS 03-143 Information networking. Lehtinen S., Kurppa K., Gold D., Chowpradith L., Xiang Z., Shen N., Raj J., Mikheev M.I., Uusitalo T., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1995, Vol.2, No.2, p.31-59 (whole issue). Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of networks for the sharing and exchanging of occupational safety and health (OSH) information. Main topics covered: information networking as an effective way to prevent hazards; OSH networks in the Asian-Pacific region; electronic repository on OSH information for the Asian-Pacific region; OSH information network in China; review of a conference on OSH information held in Finland; review of a workshop on occupational health in small enterprises held in Thailand; presentation of a health information programme on ageing and work in China; health information resources in India; OSH information networks of the WHO; Internet as a tool for the diffusion of OSH information. (101445)
CIS 03-144 Education and training. Gold D., Kurppa K., Kogi K., Koh D., Jeyaratnam J., Yip Y.L., Tang W.S., Findlay C.R., Ahonen G., Lamberg M.E., Mattila M., McDonald K., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1995, Vol.2, No.3, p.63-91 (whole issue). Illus. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of education and training in the area of occupational safety and health (OSH). Main topics covered: training and education as a means of improving OSH; OSH training and education in the Asia-Pacific region; ILO participatory approach to OSH training; preparing physicians to provide occupational health services; promoting OSH through training, education and information; university perspective on OSH training and education; presentation of the Nordic Institute for Advanced Training in Occupational Health (NIVA); evaluation of the Asian-Pacific regional OSH programme; British collaborative programme for the prevention of decompression sickness among divers in the Philippines. (101446)
CIS 03-145 Occupational management system in trade union federation organizations. (Russian: O sisteme upravlenija ohranoj truda v organizacijah FPB) Tarasevič A.V., Lojko G.S., Trud - Profsojuzy - Obščestvo, 2003, No.1, p.55-59. (In Russian) Internet: This article discusses the role of trade union organizations with respect to occupational safety in Belarus. It refers to the ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines (see CIS 02-162). As a result of the application of these guidelines by labour organizations, a controlling system for of labour protection was developed with the assistance of the national centre for occupational safety and hygiene. The primary goal of the system is to promote occupational safety and hygiene through educational, scientific, cultural and consumer service initiatives. (101460)
CIS 03-146 Environmental guide to the Internet. Briggs-Erickson C., Murphy T., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 3rd ed., 1997. xxxiii, 384p. 6 ref. Index., ISBN 0-86587-578-2 (In English) Internet: This book offers help to professionals who wish to locate relevant environmental information on the Internet. After an introductory chapter on the Internet and the World Wide Web, it provides Internet addresses of 200 discussion groups, 25 Usenet groups, 126 electronic journals and newsletters and 532 World Wide Web useful sites (United States federal government agencies, environmental organizations, trade associations and academia). (101237)
CIS 03-147 Surveillance and prevention of occupational injuries in Alaska: A decade of progress, 1990-1999. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, May 2002. xi, 49p. Illus. 42 ref. (In English) Internet: During the 1980s the incidence of occupational accident fatalities in Alaska was five times that of the United States. Since 1990, there has been an overall decline of 49% in annual occupational accident fatalities. While considerable progress has been made, some workers are still at an increased risk. They include commercial fishermen and commercial pilots. Many of these accidents are weather-related. This report summarizes what is known about occupational accidents in Alaska by defining problems, describing recent successes and recommending approaches for preventing future accidents. Contents: introduction; methods and approach to the problem; overview of Alaska's work-related fatalities; helicopter logging; commercial fishing; commercial aviation; nonfatal injuries to Alaska workers; conclusions and future directions for research. (101289)
CIS 03-148 Introduction to occupational hygiene. (Portuguese: Introdução à higiene ocupacional) Meigikos dos Anjos Santos A., Tibiriçá Bon A.M., Gronchi C.C., Queiroz Barbeiro Lima C., da Cunha Trivelato G., Valente I.F., Aguiar J.G., Amaral L.S., Nunes Cardoso L.M., Rodrigues Pereira M.L., Paiva Matos M., Kato M., Schäffer S.R., Garcia Pereira Cecatti S., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 84p. Illus. 87 ref. (In Portuguese) Internet: Historical overview of occupational hygiene and its development in Brazil following the creation of Fundacentro. It defines the basic concepts of occupational hygiene (risk factors, hazard evaluation and risk management) as well as the various terms that are frequently used in this field. A chapter is devoted to the profession of occupational hygienist (professional education, vocational training, main activities, interdisciplinary work, ethics). (101027)
CIS 03-149 Annual statistics of occupational accidents - 2000. (Portuguese: Anuário estatístico de acidentes do trabalho 2000) Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco F, CEP 700-9000, Brasília, Brazil, 2002. 499p. Illus. (In Portuguese) Internet: This publication consists of a compilation of statistics of occupational accidents that occurred in Brazil in 1999 and 2000. Tables present overall statistics by state, sector of activity, type of accident, consequences (medical treatment, duration of absenteeism and degree of disability) and accident indicators (frequency rates, severity and cost). (101109)
CIS 03-150 Present status of Japanese industrial safety and health - 2001 Edition. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2001. 38p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This report presents Japanese statistics of occupational accidents and illnesses for the year 2001, as well as statistical trends for the years 1973 to 2000. Overall, there is a trend toward a reduction in the frequency and severity of accidents and occupational diseases. The data are analysed by sector, activity, accident causes, type of illness and age of victims of fatal and non-fatal accidents. Statistics concerning special medical examinations carried out are also included. For 1999 edition, see CIS 00-1299. (101498)
CIS 03-151 Health and safety regulation - A short guide. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2003. 12p. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this booklet is to explain the differences between guidance, approved codes of practice and regulations in the context of occupational safety and health in the United Kingdom. An appendix includes references to important pieces of safety and health legislation. Previous editions (e.g. CIS 95-1309) are replaced. (101213)
CIS 03-152 Work - Education - Health: A multicoloured mosaic. (Portuguese: Trabalho - Educação - Saúde: um mosaico em múltiplos tons) Kiefer C., Fagá I., Sampaio M.R., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, eds., Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2nd ed., 2001. 349p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This document on the basic education of workers in the area of occupational safety and health reports on the practical experiences of occupational safety and health professionals (physicians, psychologists) and representatives of public occupational safety and health institutions. Main topics addressed: basic education of workers; achievements of Fundacentro's educational programmes; poisonings due to toxic substances; training in the field of ergonomics; information on pesticide poisoning in schools in rural areas; programme aimed at garbage collection workers; organization of work and hygiene in the marble extraction industry; vocational training in occupational safety and health in a steel-producing region; improvements in the conditions of work in the fishing and diving sectors; promotion of occupational medicine in Brazil. (101022)
CIS 03-153 Quality of work and employment in Europe - Issues and challenges. (French: La qualité du travail et de l'emploi en Europe - Enjeux et défis) European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2895 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Feb. 2002. 35p. Illus. 48 ref., ISBN 92-897-0156-0 (En), ISBN 92-897-0157-9 (fr) (In English, French) Internet: This report presents the current situation of the quality of work and employment in Europe based on work carried out during the last ten years by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Topics addressed include in particular employment status, inequalities between men and women (seniority, pay), work-related health problems, work schedules and work rhythms, ageing of the working population, double workload (housework, child care, children's education, care of elderly relatives, etc., in addition to paid work), trends in occupations and skills development. It discusses the issues at stake and the challenges arising from employment trends in Europe, and suggests areas to be explored further study in the following three areas: guiding principles; fields of application; instruments to support action. (101049)
CIS 03-154 International standard industrial classification of all economic activities. Publishing Division, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1990. x, 189p., ISBN 92-1-161319-0 (In English) Internet: This document consists of the third revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), which was approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1989. It consists of four parts: introduction (background, principles, definitions, applications, relationship with other international classification systems); broad structure at one- and two-digit levels; detailed structure at four-digit levels; annexes showing tabulation categories for special activities (energy and tourism). (101144)
CIS 03-155 Building a culture of safety and health in the Cordilleras - Report of proceedings #2. Sebastian L.P., Tubelonia R.M., Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Apr. 2002. 16p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Brief summary of the activities undertaken in the course of a programme aimed at building a safety and health culture in rural mountainous regions of the Philippines, as discussed at a training course held in Baguio, Philippines, 1-5 Jan. 2002. These activities included the organization of a five-day occupational safety and health training course, a forum on occupational safety and health in the farming sector with an emphasis on working safely with pesticides, and the visits of two rural municipalities by occupational safety and health staff, during which films of farming hazards were presented and medical examinations of farm workers were carried out. (101372)
CIS 03-156 8th National occupational safety and health congress - Globalization and occupational safety and health - A call for inclusion not exclusion. Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, Oct. 2002. 68p. (In English) Internet: These proceedings of the eighth national occupational safety and health congress held on 23-24 October 2002 in Quezon City, Philippines, contain the summaries of 40 papers and posters presented during the event. (101374)
CIS 03-157 Working safety in small enterprises in Europe - Towards a sustainable system for worker participation and representation. Walters D., European Trade Union Confederation, 5 Bd. du Roi Albert II, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2002. 172p. Illus. 100 ref. (In English) Internet: It is widely acknowledged that work in small enterprises involves higher levels of injuries, fatalities and occupational diseases. This report presents evidence of the advantages of worker organization and trade union support promoting occupational safety and health in small enterprises. Contents: nature of the safety and health problem in small enterprises; supporting and sustaining improvements in safety and health in small enterprises; workers' participation in safety and health of small enterprises in Italy; dealing with the issue of poor safety and health performance of small enterprises in Spain through regional and sector structure initiatives; regional safety and health representatives in Sweden; developing systems of participation in small enterprises in the United Kingdom; future actions. (101378)
CIS 03-158 National and local OS&H profiles and indicators. Lehtinen S., Kurppa K., Rantanen J., eds., Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2002. 173p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price : EUR 25.00., ISBN 951-802-513-4 (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a workshop on national and local occupational safety and health (OSH) profiles held on 18 October 2001 in Helsinki, Finland. Contents: use of indicators as a tool for policy-making and information steering; occupational safety and health in Kenya; occupational safety and health in the Philippines; occupational health in South Africa; South African efforts in developing performance indicators for occupational health services at the district level; occupational health and safety in Sri Lanka; occupational health and safety in Thailand; collaboration of Thai academic institutions with government agencies in strengthening occupational health services; occupational health and safety in Vietnam; establishment and utilization of the Vietnamese occupational safety and health network; organization of occupational health and safety services in Vietnam; national network for the elimination of silicosis in Vietnam; rapid assessment techniques in building community OSH profiles. (101379)
CIS 03-159 2001 Catalogue of OSH Services - Federal Republic of Germany. (German: Dienststellenverzeichnis Arbeitsschutz - Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Ausgabe 2001) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2001. 235p. Index. + Disquette 3.5"., ISBN 3-89701-686-9 (In German) Internet: This directory contains addresses, areas of activity and names of responsible staff of the following German governmental institutions: Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Accident Research; labour inspectorates of the Länder (States) and mines inspectorates; professional mutual accident insurance associations of industry and agriculture; technical surveillance associations. Alphabetical index. (101422)
CIS 03-160 Guidelines for industrial safety and health in Japan. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2003. 86p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Collection of translations of 14 up-to-date OSH guidelines and 6 guideline outlines issued in Japan by the Labour Standards Bureau, the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Health. The guidelines concern: reduction of formaldehyde in indoor air; prevention of health damage due to overwork; safety of machinery; promotion of mental health care; chemical safety; safe work with slings; dioxins; Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems; promotion of workers' health; construction site safety management; AIDS in the workplace; lumbago; industrial traffic accident prevention; noise-induced hearing impairment. Guideline outlines include: action by employers subsequent to health screenings; dust reduction in tunnel construction; prevention of CO poisoning in the construction industry; prevention of poisoning due to organic solvents in the construction industry; handling of glass fibres and rock wool; measures to be taken by employers for the creation of a comfortable working environment. For each article, the Japanese title is reproduced, and there is a full reference to the date and journal of publication of the original. (101342)
CIS 03-161 Occupational safety and health management systems - Practical ILO guidelines. (Portuguese: Sistemas de gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho - Directrizes práticas da OIT) Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Apr. 2002. 55p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: EUR 1.25., ISBN 972-8321-58-9 (In Portuguese) Internet: This publication is a Portuguese translation of the ILO guide entitled "Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems" (see CIS 02-162). It characterizes the national frameworks for occupational safety and health management systems as well as the main constituents of such a system, which include: policies, organization, planning and implementation, evaluation and actions aimed at improvement. These elements are then subdivided into 16 elements which form the basis of continuous improvement efforts and which ensure the protection and well-being of workers. The most important elements include training, workers' participation, responsibilities and duties of employers, documentation of the system, prevention of hazards and audits. (101070)
CIS 03-162 Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems - ILO-OSH 2001. (Russian: Rukovodstvo po sistemam upravlenija ohranoj truda - MOT/SUOT 2001) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 27p. 37 ref., ISBN 92-2-411634-5 (In Russian) Internet: Russian translation of ILO guidelines calling for coherent policies to protect workers from occupational hazards (English version analysed under CIS 02-162). These guidelines present practical approaches and tools for assisting organizations, competent national institutions, employers, workers and other partners in establishing, implementing and improving occupational safety and health management systems, with the aim of reducing work-related injuries, ill health, diseases, incidents and deaths. At the national level, they provide for the establishment of a national framework for occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems, preferably supported by national laws and regulations. They also provide precise information on developing voluntary arrangements to strengthen compliance with regulations and standards, which, in turn, lead to continual improvement of OSH performance. At the organizational level, the guidelines encourage the integration of OSH management system elements as an important component of overall policy and management arrangements. (101232)
CIS 03-163 Assessing the need for personal protective equipment: A guide for small business employers. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue N.W., Washington D.C. 20210, USA, 2000. v, 51p. Illus. (In English) Internet: OSHA requires employers to protect their employees from machines, work procedures and hazardous substances that can cause injury. The preferred way to achieve this is through engineering controls, work practices and organizational measures, but when these controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, an alternative or supplementary method is to provide workers with personal protective equipment (PPE). The purpose of this guide is to help employers examine the workplaces, review their work procedures, select appropriate PPE, and train employees to wear and care for the PPEs provided. It can help employers comply with OSHA's general PPE requirements. Respirators and insulating devices are not covered in this guide. (101307)
CIS 03-164 Collection of posters on the prevention of occupational accidents (1925-1937). (Catalan: Col.lecció de cartells de prevenció d'accidents laborals (1925-1937)) Fons de l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, 2000. CD-ROM for Pentium I 166MHz (Pentium II 233MHz recommended, requires Windows 95, 98 or NT; 32MB RAM, CD-ROM drive 20x, graphic card VGA 4Mb 800x600)., ISBN 84-393-5247-6 (In Catalan) Internet: This CD-ROM contains more than 7000 posters on the prevention of accidents published between 1925 and 1937 in several European countries, Australia, Canada, the United States and Japan. (101064)
CIS 03-165 Reducing the number of accidents - International videoconference. (Portuguese: Redução de acidentes - Videoconferência internacional) SESI, Departamento Nacional SBN, Quadra 1 Bloco C, Edifício Roberto Simonsen, CEP 70 040-903 Brasília, Brazil, 2002. CD-ROM. (In Portuguese) Internet: This CD-ROM consists of a compilation of documents (in the form of video clips) from a videoconference on accident prevention between Brazil, Switzerland and Peru held on 14 May 2002. Topics covered: ILO directives on occupational safety and health for the years 2002-2010; model for occupational safety and health management systems developed by the Brazilian Social Service for Industry (SESI); indicators of occupational accident fatalities and injuries; civil liability of employers. (101045)
CIS 03-166 XVth World Congress on Occupational Safety and Health. (Portuguese: XV Congresso mundial sobre segurança e saúde no trabalho; Spanish: XV Congreso mundial sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo) Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. CD-ROM for Pentium (Windows 95, 98 or ME; 32MB RAM, CD-ROM drive 4X, SVGA monitor, sound card recommended). (In English, Portuguese, Spanish) Internet: This CD-ROM contains a compilation of the presentations at the plenary and parallel sessions of the XVth World Congress on Occupational Safety and Health under the theme of "Safety, health and the environment: A global challenge ", held in São Paulo, Brazil, from 12 to 16 April 1999, along with video clips and multimedia documents published during the event. (101065)
CIS 03-167 35th Conference on safety, health and the environment. (Spanish: 35 Congreso de seguridad, salud y ambiente) Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Carrera 20, No. 39-62, 6839 Bogotá, Colombia, [2002]. CD-ROM (requires Windows). (In Spanish) Internet: This CD-ROM consists of the documents of plenary sessions, round table discussions, debates and courses of the 35th conference on safety, health and the environment held in Bogotá, Colombia, from 18 to 21 June 2002. Main topics covered: hazard management in the process industries; tools for the management of psychosocial hazards; marketing of safety, health and environmental programmes; inspection and maintenance of fire protection systems; prevention of non-occupational accidents; evaluation and control of occupational cancer; ecotoxicology; cyberergonomics; violence in occupational settings and its consequences on enterprise productivity; behaviour-based safety; legislation. (101101)
CIS 03-168 Occupational safety and health publication. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RO-Bangkok), International Labour Office, 11th Floor, United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, P.O. Box 2- 349, Bangkok 10200, Thailand, 2002. 2 CD-ROMs (Vol. 1. + Vol. 2). (In Thai) Internet: Practical information for promoting safety and health in Thailand on 2 CD- ROMs. The first CD-ROM contains all laws and regulations concerning occupational safety and health in Thailand, guidelines and training manuals developed by NICE and the ILO, lists of safety officer training agencies and fire prevention training agencies, and other relevant information. The second CD-ROM contains photographs and video clips describing hazards spots in workplaces, together with good examples and measures for improving occupational safety and health. (101352)
CIS 03-169 Occupational safety and health. (Vietnamese: An toàn Vê sinh Lao đông) Department of Labour Protection, Ministry of Labour, Invalid and Social Affairs, 12, Ngô Quyên, Ha Noi, Vietnam, 2002. CD-ROM requiring Pentium 133MHz processor or faster, at least 32Mb RAM, CD-ROM 24 X or faster, colour monitor (14' or larger, at least 256 colours, 600x800 pixels), Windows 95 or higher. (In English, Vietnamese) Internet: CD-ROM on occupational safety and health in Vietnam containing Vietnamese and English versions of 24 Decrees and Circulars on occupational safety and health, together with video clips presenting the occupational safety and health efforts undertaken by a foundry, a quarry and a cotton spinning mill (in Vietnamese). (101353)
CIS 03-170 Five years of promoting quality of work in Europe. (French: Cinq années de promotion de la qualité du travail en Europe; German: Fünf Jahre einsatz für die Arbeitsqualität in Europa; Spanish: Cinco años promoviendo la calidad del trabajo en Europa) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2002. CD-ROM requiring Windows 95, 98, 2000 or NT, 200MHz-Pentium MMX processor, 32MB RAM, 6x CD-ROM drive, 800x600 display (1024x768 suggested), high colour. Price: EUR 19.00 (excluding VAT)., ISBN 92-950-0739-5 (In English, French, German, Spanish) Internet: This CD-ROM lists all publications of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work from 1996 to 2001, grouped under the following headings: information reports (OSH monitoring, OSH systems and programmes, research on work and health, good practice); corporate publications (annual reports, newsletters, magazines, data sheets); multimedia publications (CD-ROMS, videos); campaign materials; conference proceedings; on-line services. (101356)
CIS 03-171 Occupational safety and health. OSH Centre, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, 139651 Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 2000. CD-ROM requiring 133MHz Pentium processor with Windows 95/98, NT4 or later, 32MB RAM, 75MB available on hard disk, 8 x CD-ROM drive, graphic adapter card, 640x480 and 64k monitor, sound blaster compatible sound card, modem 28.8kbps, Internet connection, web browser (optional). (In English) Internet: This CD-ROM is aimed at promoting and raising awareness for safety and health among Singapore workers and familiarize users with occupational safety and health legislation. It is divided into three learning modules: occupational safety (chemical, construction, electrical, emergency and fire safety); occupational health (biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical and psychosocial hazards); safety and health legislation (safety requirements, health requirements, workplace safety, employee protection, responsibilities). (101358)
CIS 03-172 International Film and Multimedia Festival - Catalogue. (French: Catalogue du festival international du film et du multimédia; German: Internationales Film- und Multimediafestival - Katalog; Spanish: Festival internacional de cine y multimedia - Catálogo) International Social Security Association (ISSA), Berufsgenossenschaft der Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik, Gustav-Heinemann Ufer 130, 50968 Köln, Germany, 2002. CD-ROM. (In English, French, German, Spanish) Internet: Catalogue on CD-ROM of the films and multimedia products on occupational safety and health presented at the International Film and Multimedia Festival organized in Vienna in 2002 during the XVIth World Congress on Safety and Health at Work. The catalogue includes a data sheet for each film and multimedia product, and contains an alphabetical index of the titles as well as a thematic index of the films and multimedia products grouped under the following headings. management and organization; occupational medicine; new technologies; fire, explosions and major accidents; physical hazards; biological hazards; stress and psychosocial factors; general aspects of safety, health and working conditions; sectors of industry; chemical safety; electrical safety; mechanical hazards and transport; physiology and ergonomics. (101421)
CIS 03-173 Cancer incidence and mortality in workers employed at a transformer manufacturing plant: Update to a cohort study. Yassi A., Tate R.B., Routledge M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2003, Vol.44, No.1, p.58-62. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: This study is an extension of a previous analysis of cancer mortality in a transformer manufacturing plant where there had been extensive use of dielectric fluids based on mineral oil. The objectives of the present study were to update the mortality analysis as well as to conduct an analysis of cancer incidence of the cohort of 2,222 men working at the plant between 1946 and 1975. The rates of cancer incidence and mortality experienced by this cohort were compared with that of the Canadian male population. A statistically significant increased risk of developing and dying of pancreatic cancer was found, but not an increase in overall cancer mortality. This was consistent with the previous report from this group. The cohort demonstrated a statistically significant risk of overall cancer incidence and specific increased incidence of cancer of the gall-bladder. This study contributes further evidence to the growing body of literature indicating the carcinogenic properties of mineral oils used in occupational settings, and in particular of those used before the 1970s. (101489)
CIS 03-174 Do sweat calcium losses affect bone mass during firefighter training?. O'Toole M.L., Johnson K.C., Satterfield S., Bush A.J., Koo W.W.K., Klesges R.C., Applegate W.B., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.42, No.11, p.1054-1059. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: Although vigorous exercise is associated with increased bone mass, recent evidence suggests that loss of calcium in sweat may result in a negative calcium balance and, ultimately, a decrease in bone mass. Anthropometric characteristics, habitual physical activity levels, dietary calcium intake, bone mineral content and bone turnover markers were measured in 42 male firefighter recruits before and after four months of training. During two strenuous mid-training sessions, calcium loss in sweat was measured. At the end of the training period, it was found that bone mineral content increased significantly, as did one marker of bone formation, and were not associated with sweat calcium concentration. This study demonstrates that intense physical exercise that produces high sweat rates do not have an adverse effect on the bone mineral content of healthy young men. (101131)
CIS 03-175 Occupational risk factors in the WHO global burden of disease: Comparative risk assessment study. Leigh J., Mayhew C., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2002, Vol.18, No.4, p.339-346. 44 ref. (In English) Internet: The World Health Organization (WHO) has been conducting a series of international studies connected with the Global Burden of Disease project. These studies have been aimed at developing best estimates of the disease burden borne by the total human population. It is recognized that occupational factors are core contributors to the burden of short and long-term disability and death. This article briefly reviews the original Global Burden of Disease project, provides background information on the more recent stage of the project involving comparative risk assessment and presents detailed information on the contributions made to the project by Australian occupational safety and health researchers. (101032)
CIS 03-176 Myocardial infarction risk and occupational categories in Kaunas 25-64 year old men. Malinauskiene V., Grazuleviciene R., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Azaraviciene A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.59, No.11, p.745-750. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: This case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk of a first time myocardial infarction (MI) among different occupational categories in 25-64 year old men who were residents of Kaunas, Lithuania, between 1997 and 2000. 448 first time non-fatal MI cases were identified, together with 1777 controls matched by age, sex and district of residence. Information was obtained on occupation, smoking, hypertension, psychosocial and behavioural factors during interviews with hospital physicians using standardized questionnaires. The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) was used to code for occupational categories. The relation between MI and occupational categories was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, adjusting for a number of selected risk factors. Increased risks were found for the legislators, senior officials and managers group, the professionals group and the plant and machine operators and assemblers group. (101039)
CIS 03-177 Systemic sclerosis and occupational risk factors: A case-control study. Diot E., Lesire V., Guilmot J.L., Metzger M.D., Pilore R., Rogier S., Stadler M., Diot P., Lemarie E., Lasfargues G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2002, Vol.59, No.8, p.545-549. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: A case-control study was carried out to investigate the relation between systemic sclerosis and occupational exposure. 80 cases of systemic sclerosis admitted consecutively to the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Hospital of Tours (France) from 1998 to 2000 were included. For each case, two controls hospitalized during the same period in the same department matched by age, sex and smoking habits were selected. Data were collected during interviews with trained investigators using a structured questionnaire. A committee of experts was set up retrospectively to assess occupational exposure. Significant associations with systemic sclerosis were observed for crystalline silica, trichloroethylene, chlorinated solvents, toluene, aromatic solvents, ketones, white spirit, epoxy resins and welding fumes. (101040)
CIS 03-178 Evidence-based design: The ACOEM practice guidelines dissemination project. Harris J.S., Glass L.S., Ossler C., Low P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.352-361. 70 ref. (In English) Internet: A steering committee and investigators from the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) designed and carried out the ACOEM Practice Guidelines Dissemination Project, whose purpose was to encourage the adoption of guidelines aimed at improving the appropriateness and consistency of occupational medicine practice and case management. The project also involved research on guideline acceptance as well as on potential improvements to the guidelines. The project design was based on existing research on guideline format, education, and adoption efforts. This article summarizes this information and discusses the needs assessment to be carried out prior to case-based medicine guidelines training. (101051)
CIS 03-179 Occupation and prostate cancer risk in Sweden. Sharma-Wagner S., Chokkalingam A.P., Malker H.S.R., Stone B.J., McLaughlin J.K., Hsing A.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.42, No.5, p.517-525. 57 ref. (In English) Internet: 36,269 prostate cancer cases reported to the Swedish National Cancer Registry during 1961 to 1979 were linked with employment information from the 1960 National Census. Standardized incidence ratios for prostate cancer were calculated within industries and occupations. Significant excess risks were seen for agriculture-related industries, soap and perfume manufacture, and leather processing industries. Significantly elevated standardized incidence ratios were also seen for the following occupations: farmers, leather workers and white-collar occupations. Results suggest that elevated prostate cancer risks exist among farmers, in certain occupations and industries with exposures to cadmium, herbicides, and fertilizers, and among men with low occupational physical activity. (101056)
CIS 03-180 Associations between workload and diseases rarely occurring in sickness absence data. Boedeker W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2001, Vol.43, No.12, p.1081-1088. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: This study investigates the relationship between sickness absenteeism in Germany and workload accessed by means of a job exposure matrix, with an emphasis on diseases that are seldom studied by sickness absenteeism data either because the incidence is low or because rest from work is not prescribed in the medical treatment. 42,508 employees from the metal processing industry and the retail sector were followed for three years. Sick leave related to hypertension, ischaemic heart diseases, ulcers, neurotic disorders and work accidents was most frequent in employees exposed to physical demands and low control. In contrast, an inverse relation was observed for psychological demands, for which ratios decreased with increasing exposure. This finding might be an expression of work commitment or pressure to attend rather than of coping behaviour. (101079)
CIS 03-181 Evaluation of occupational and leisure time exposure assessment in a population-based case control study on leukaemia. Tinnerberg H., Björk J., Welinder H., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2001, Vol.74, No.8, p.533-540. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: To evaluate the procedures used in a case-control study on leukaemia, 1,087 cases and matched controls by sex, age and region of residence were interviewed. Exposure assessments were performed for 13 occupational agents and ten leisure activities. The exposure assessments were performed by one of three occupational hygienists who were unaware of the case or control status. 10% of the interviews were reassessed by the other two occupational hygienists. Leisure activities contributed to a large extent to the overall prevalence of exposure. For organic solvents, approximately 25% of the controls classified as exposed would be misclassified if leisure-time exposure were not considered. It is concluded that is important to take leisure activities into account, and that for cancers with poor prognoses, prospective studies are preferable to minimize possible information bias. (101138)
CIS 03-182 Epidemiology of compensable work-related ocular injuries and illnesses: Incidence and risk factors. Islam S.S., Doyle E.J., Velilla A., Martin C.J, Ducatman A.M.., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.575-581. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: Incidence rates of work-related compensable ocular injuries and illnesses and their associated risk factors were estimated by using a national workers' compensation database in the United States. The annual incidence rate was estimated to be 537 per 100,000 employees. The majority of the ocular injuries and illnesses resulted from foreign bodies in the eye (incidence rate 194 per 100,000 employees). Incidence rates for superficial eye injury, atopic conjunctivitis, burns, keratitis, chronic conjunctivitis, and contusion were 168.3, 30.9, 28.0, 23.4, 17.9, and 15.3 per 100,000 employees, respectively. The highest incidence rate was observed in the agricultural sector, with male workers having higher rates than female workers. Cooks, housekeepers, and food service workers had higher risk of atopic conjunctivitis (relative risk, 3.2 to 7.3). The majority of atopic conjunctivitis and burn injury cases were associated with chemical exposures. (101151)
CIS 03-183 Odor perception: Multiple chemical sensitivities, chronic fatigue and asthma. Caccappolo E., Kipen H., Kelly-McNeil K., Knasko S., Hamer R.M., Natelson B., Fiedler N., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.629-638. Illus. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: Patients with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) often report heightened sensitivity to odours. Odour detection thresholds to phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) and pyridine (PYR) were evaluated for 33 MCS subjects, 13 chronic fatigue syndrome subjects, 16 asthmatic subjects and 27 healthy controls. Odour identification ability (based on University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification test results) and ratings in response to four supra-threshold concentrations of PEA and PYR were also assessed. Odour detection thresholds for PTA and PYR and odour identification ability were equivalent for all groups; however, when exposed to supra-threshold concentrations of PEA, MCS subjects reported significantly more trigeminal symptoms and lower aesthetic ratings for the substance. No group differences were found in response to supra-threshold concentrations of PYR. (101153)
CIS 03-184 Apportionment in asbestos-related disease for purposes of compensation. Guidotti T.L., Industrial Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.40, No.4, p.295-311. Illus. 68 ref. (In English) Internet: Workers' compensation systems attempt to evaluate claims for occupational disease on an individual basis using the best available guidelines. This may be difficult when there is more than one risk factor associated with the outcome, such as exposure to asbestos and cigarette smoking, and when the occupational exposure is not clearly responsible for the disease. Apportionment is an approach that involves an assessment of the relative contribution of work-related exposures to the risk of the disease or to the final impairment that arises for the disease. This review article discusses the concept of apportionment and applies it to asbestos-associated diseases. Apportionment, attractive as it may be as an approach to the adjudication of asbestos-related disease, is difficult to apply in practice. Even so, these models may serve as a general guide to the assessment of asbestos-related disease outcomes for purposes of compensation. (101275)
CIS 03-185 Concurrent malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and hepatocellular carcinoma in the same patient: A report of five cases. Bianchi C., Ramani L., Bianchi T., Industrial Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.40, No.4, p.383-387. 45 ref. (In English) Internet: Five cases are reported in which malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and hepatocellular carcinoma co-existed in the same patient (four men and one woman, aged between 58 and 86). The diagnosis was established at necropsy. In one case, the association was already clinically suspected. All mesotheliomas were asbestos-related. Liver cirrhosis co-existed in four cases, two of them positive for HCV markers. Many elements suggest that the above association is not a fortuitous coincidence. In particular, asbestos could favour liver cancerogenesis by inducing immune impairment. (101276)
CIS 03-186 Anxiety sensitivity and depression in multiple chemical sensitivities and asthma. Caccappolo-van Vliet E., Kelly-McNeil K., Natelson B., Kipen H., Fiedler N., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2002, Vol.44, No.10, p.890-901. 65 ref. (In English) Internet: Patients with sensitivities to multiple chemicals report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, respiratory distress and mood disturbance. Lifetime and current psychiatric disorders, personality traits associated with symptom reporting and tests of cognitive function were compared between 30 subjects with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS), 19 asthmatics and 31 healthy controls. When compared with asthmatics and controls, more MCS subjects met criteria for current depression and somatization disorder. MCS subjects and asthmatics scored significantly higher than controls on scales of chemical odour intolerance and anxiety sensitivity, both of which were significant predictors of physical symptoms. Few differences on objective neuropsychological tests were noted. However, MCS subjects with co-morbid depression performed significantly worse on a verbal memory test relative to asthmatics but not to controls. (101395)
CIS 03-187 Risk factors for neck-shoulder and wrist-hand symptoms in a 5-year follow-up study of 3,990 employees in Denmark. Feveile H., Jensen C., Burr H., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.75, No.4, p.243-251. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: A prospective follow-up study of employees in Denmark was analysed in order to investigate the association between physical and psychosocial exposures and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck-shoulder and wrist-hand regions. Data were derived from a five-year follow-up questionnaire study of a sample of employees in Denmark aged between 18 and 59 years. Occupational and individual background factors were assessed in 1990, and the associations with symptoms in 1995 were analysed using logistic regression. The analysis was restricted to comprise employees free of symptoms in 1990. The neck-shoulder and wrist-hand analyses included 1,895 and 3,179 employees, respectively. The results confirm that physical exposures at work influence the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck-shoulder and wrist-hand regions. However, they also indicate that psychosocial exposure (social support) and perceived stress symptoms influence musculoskeletal symptoms. (101399)
CIS 03-188 Allergies and work. Matchaba-Hove R., Emmett E.A., Sekimpi D.K., Agaba D.F., Okot-Nwang M., Ogaram D.A., Tornberg V., Estlander T., Kanerva L., Piirilä P., Lehtinen S., Munthali A.C., Zakayo D.O., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, May 1996, Vol.6, No.1, p.1-22 (whole issue). Illus. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational allergies. Contents: prevention of occupational dermatoses; occupational coffee dust allergies in Uganda; allergic dermatoses and respiratory diseases caused by decorative plants. Other topics: review article on a symposium on the development of occupational health services held in Singapore; role of the occupational hygiene profession in sustainable development; problems due to AIDS at the workplace in Kenya. (101432)
CIS 03-189 Musculoskeletal disorders. Huuskonen M.S., Muruka A.O., Loewenson R., Lehtinen S., Kawakami T., Batino J.M., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1998, Vol.8, No.3, p.59-75 (whole issue). Illus. 7 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of musculoskeletal disorders. Topics: age, height and duration of service in relation to back pain among tea pickers in Kenya; occupational safety and health (OSH) law in Southern Africa; review article on a regional OSH symposium held in Tanzania; workplace improvements that can reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders; review article on a conference on musculoskeletal disorders and epidemiology held in France. (101435)
CIS 03-190 Work-related diseases. Myers J.E., Niu S., Negash D., Rees D., Omokhodion F.O., Jeebhay M.F., Harries A.D., Amedofu G.K., Kurkura G., Legesse W., Zewudie T., Ngowi A.V.F., Partanen T., Nderitu M.D., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 2002, Vol.12, No.3, p.47-75 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational diseases. Contents: ILO list of occupational diseases; response in South Africa the ILO/WHO global programme to eliminate silicosis; low back pain among rural and urban populations in south-western Nigeria; occupational allergy and asthma among food-processing workers in South Africa; hearing impairment among workers in gold mining in Ghana; knowledge, attitudes and practices among barbers in south-western Ethiopia; problems experienced by health care workers in Tanzania in treating cases of pesticide poisoning; occupational diseases related to wet and cold conditions in Kenya. (101440)
CIS 03-191 Job characteristics and blood coagulation factors in Korean male workers. Chang S.J., Koh S.B., Cha B.S., Park J.K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.44, No.11, p.997-1002. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: This study examined the possible relationship between Karasek's job strain model and blood coagulation factors VII and VIII as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in male Korean workers. Four levels of strain were identified (high strain, active, passive and low strain), and 40 male workers subject to each of the strain levels were invited to participate in the study. In univariate analyses, decision latitude was negatively related to blood coagulation factors VII and VIII. Work demand was positively related to coagulation factor VIII, but not to factor VII. Multiple regression analyses showed that job strain was associated with blood coagulation factor VIII after controlling for smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. These results indicate that job characteristics may be related to blood coagulation, and contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease with other classical risk factors. (101464)
CIS 03-192 Experts' assessment of probability and level of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers. García A.M., Orts E., Esteban V., Porcuna J.L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2000, Vol.42, No.9, p.911-916. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: The occupational history of the parents of 261 Spanish infants with congenital malformations and 261 matched controls was collected. Preceding the birth of their child, 183 of the parents had been involved in agricultural activities, 49% of them directly in the application of pesticides. Two experts assessed the probability and level of exposure to a number of pesticides. Inter-rater agreement was estimated. In the analysis of some categories of exposure (non-applicators, herbicides) there was very low inter-rater agreement. Since in epidemiological studies a detailed product-by-product assessment of pesticide exposure is needed for the investigation of the health effects of pesticides, there is clearly a need for research on the application of experts' judgments in this area. (101073)
CIS 03-193 The risk of asthma among Finnish patients with farmer's lung. Karjalainen A., Martikainen R., Klaukka T., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.75, No.8, p.587-590. Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: Farmers and animal-husbandry workers notified in 1988-1999 for farmer's lung (n=1272) or other occupational diseases (n=5,045) to the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases were followed until 31 December 2000. Among the patients with farmer's lung, 109 (8.6%) were diagnosed with asthma compared with 202 (4.0%) incident cases of asthma among those in the reference population. The crude relative risk of asthma was 2.1. The age- and occupation-adjusted relative risk of asthma among patients with farmer's lung was 2.5 in men and 1.4 in women. The rate of asthma was especially high during the first two years after notification of farmer's lung. (101269)
CIS 03-194 Evaluation of a respiratory health program for farmers and their families. Mpofu D., Lockinger L., Bidwell J., McDuffie H.H., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.44, No.11, p.1064-1074. Illus. 41 ref. (In English) Internet: Occupational exposures to organic dusts, gases, welding fumes and agricultural chemicals result in an increased risk of respiratory health problems in farmers, when compared with other workers. The Respiratory Health Program for farmers in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan addresses the difficulties of delivering an occupational health programme to a sparsely-distributed population on the prairies. Under this programme, farmers' pulmonary function and respiratory health by were examined by means of spirometry and questionnaires, respectively. Respiratory function indicators were lower than predicted. It was found that age, years in farming, usual cough, wheezing on most days and nights, bringing up phlegm from the chest, breathlessness and cigarette smoking were associated significantly with pulmonary function results. The Respiratory Health Program (1994 through 2000) was assessed with respect to acceptability, accessibility, appropriateness, continuity, effectiveness and efficiency based on responses by farm families. (101468)
CIS 03-195 Male endocrine dysfunction in lead smelter workers. Ibrahim K.S., Ahmed S.B., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2002, Vol.8, No.1, p.31-38. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: Evidence of the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine function is controversial. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 69 workers employed for an average of 16 years and in 40 non-exposed workers. The mean blood lead concentration was 42.92±4.89µg/dL in the exposed workers and 29.5± 5.3µg/dL in the control group. Concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in exposed workers but there was no significant difference in the level of testosterone in both groups. Exposed workers showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of sexual problems (premature ejaculation, impotence, decreased libido). Periodic medical examination of workers and biological monitoring of blood lead are a necessity for the early detection of side effects or complications caused by exposure. (101050)
CIS 03-196 Uranium mining in Germany: Incidence of occupational diseases 1946-1999. Schröder C., Friedrich K., Butz M., Koppisch D., Otten H., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.75, No.4, p.235-242. Illus. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: In former East Germany, uranium mining was performed on a large scale from 1946 to 1990. The poor working conditions during the post-war years until 1955 led to a high level of occupational diseases. The present study gives an overview of the occurrence of occupational diseases during the mining period as well as after uranium mining was stopped in 1990. The number of occupational diseases which occurred during the mining period was calculated from the files of the mining enterprise. Although exposure to uranium ceased after 1990, cases of occupational diseases continued to be recognized after that date. There are currently more than 35,000 known cases occupational diseases, and many more are expected. Approximately two-thirds are lung diseases, including 16,376 cases of silicosis or silico-tuberculosis and 7,695 cases of bronchial carcinoma. The increase in the numbers of recognized occupational diseases is discussed in light of changes in criteria for recognition, in working conditions and in the duration of the latency period. (101398)
CIS 03-197 The hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnostic index: Use of non-invasive testing to diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis in metalworkers. Dangman K.H., Cole S.R., Hodgson M.J., Kuhn C., Metersky M.L., Schenck P., Storey E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2002, Vol.42, No.2, p.150-162. Illus. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: Since 1993, several outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported in metalworkers. This article reports on the largest outbreak of HP in metalworkers yet known. It occurred in a Connecticut factory producing precision parts for the aerospace industry. The workers typically presented with systemic and respiratory problems. Data from 16 biopsy-confirmed cases and 14 non-HP patients were compared, and an HP diagnostic index was derived using variables that best discriminated between the two groups. The HP diagnostic index was compared with the Kenosha epidemiological criteria. The HP diagnostic index relies less heavily on symptoms, subjective evaluations, and invasive tests than the Kenosha criteria, but both identified similar subsets of the 61 patients as having HP. The HP diagnostic index could provide a useful tool in future HP outbreaks, which are increasingly being recognized in metalworking facilities. (101254)
CIS 03-198 Carpal tunnel syndrome among apprentice construction workers. Rosecrance J.C., Cook T.M., Anton D.C., Merlino L.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2002, Vol.42, No.2, p.107-116. Illus. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among apprentice construction workers. This cross- sectional study included apprentices from four construction trades. Of the 1,325 eligible apprentices, 1,142 (86.2%) participated in the study. They completed a self-administered questionnaire and were subjected to electrophysiological assessments of the median nerve function across the carpal tunnel. The overall prevalence of CTS among apprentices was 8.2%. Sheet metal workers had the highest rate (9.2%). For equipment operators, the prevalence of CTS was significantly higher among the heavy equipment mechanics than the drivers of those vehicles. Body mass index, age, and working overhead were associated with prevalent CTS. Less than 15% of the apprentices with CTS sought medical attention for their disorder. (101251)
CIS 03-199 Aerotoxic syndrome: A descriptive epidemiological survey of aircrew exposed to in-cabin airborne contaminants. Winder C., Fonteyn P., Balquet J.C., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2002, Vol.18, No.4, p.321-338. Illus. 39 ref. (In English) Internet: The term "aerotoxic syndrome" was proposed in 1999 to describe the association of symptoms observed among flight crew and cabin crew exposed to hydraulic fluid or engine oil vapours or mists. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to investigate these symptoms among aircrew through a mailed questionnaire. Most of the respondents (88%) reported that symptoms occurred after exposure to engine oil or hydraulic fluid leaks which caused odours and/or visible contamination in the cabin. Invariably, aircrew directly attributed their symptoms to exposure to in-cabin airborne contaminants. A comparison between 18 respondents from the United States and the 50 Australian respondents shows significant similarities in reported symptoms. There was sufficient commonality in reported symptoms to conclude a symptom basis for aerotoxic syndrome. (101031)
CIS 03-200 Updated mortality study of workers at a petroleum refinery in Torrance, California, from 1959 to 1997. Wong O., Harris F., Rosamilia K., Raabe G.K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2001, Vol.43, No.12, p.1089-1102. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: This cohort study involved 3328 workers employed at a refinery for at least one year between 1959 and 1997, with an observation period from 1960 to 1997. Mortality data were analysed in terms of cause-specific standardized mortality ratios with expected deaths based on US national data. The overall mortality of the cohort was significantly lower than expected. Overall cancer mortality was also lower than expected, with significant mortality deficits being observed for certain specific sites. For other diseases, no significant increases were observed, with specific mortality deficits for ischaemic heart disease, chronic endocardial disease and other myocardial insufficiencies, all other heart disease, and influenza and pneumonia. Detailed analysis by length of employment did not reveal any significant mortality excess or upward trend. Analyses of male employees by job classification (process and maintenance) showed significantly elevated mortality from cirrhosis of the liver and suicide among maintenance workers. (101080)
CIS 03-201 An increased standardised mortality ratio for liver cancer among polyvinyl chloride workers in Taiwan. Wong R.H., Chen P.C., Du C.L., Wang J.D., Cheng T.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2002, Vol.59, No.6, p.405-409. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: A retrospective cohort study of workers from six polyvinyl chloride polymerization factories in Taiwan was carried out in order to determine the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death. Data on 3293 male workers who had been employed for at least one year between 1950 and 1992 were analysed. 144 of these workers died between 1985 and 1997. SMR for all causes of death was 0.78, indicating a possible healthy worker effect. The SMR for liver cancer decreased with increasing age of first exposure to vinyl chloride. This association was more prominent for workers who were first employed prior to 1970 (SMR 4.82). Medical records indicated that most liver cancers were hepatocellular carcinoma. (101243)
CIS 03-202 The prevalence of occupational dermatitis in the UK printing industry. Livesley E.J., Rushton L., English J.S., Williams H.C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2002, Vol.59, No.7, p.487-492. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study on occupational dermatitis in the printing industry, a questionnaire was addressed to members of the Graphical, Paper and Media Union living in Nottinghamshire. 1189 respondents were directly involved in the printing industry and categorized according to work in pre-press (25%), printing itself (46%) or finishing (42%) processes. 490 respondents (41%) reported having a skin complaint at some time. Prevalence was highest in males (43%) and those working in printing (49%), in particular those who cleaned rollers and cylinders or who came into daily contact with isocyanates. The most commonly affected areas reported were the fingers and webs between the fingers. 26% reported a current problem on the hand. Reported symptoms included itching (61%), rash (58%), and dry skin (56%). Reported use of protective equipment and cleansing products was generally high. Selected respondents were invited for a short dermatological examination, which confirmed the high self reported prevalence and also identified a substantial proportion of mild cases which were not reported. (101259)
CIS 03-203 Lung function and surface electromyography of intercostal muscles in cement mill workers. Meo S.A., Azeem M.A., Ghori M.G., Subhan M.M.F., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2002, Vol.15, No.3, p.279-287. 48 ref. (In English) Internet: This study of cement industry workers used spirometry and surface electromyography (SEMG) of intercostal muscles for measuring pulmonary impairment. A group of 50 healthy male cement mill workers aged 20-60 years with exposure of 13 years on average, were randomly selected, together with 50 controls matched by age, height, weight and socioeconomic status. The results demonstrated statistically significant reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in cement workers compared with controls. Also, the FEV1/FVC ratio was higher in cement workers, while the values of the parameters obtained from SEMG of intercostal muscles were lower. It is concluded that exposure to cement dust not only impairs lung function but also affects intercostal muscle performance. (101264)
CIS 03-204 Cancer incidence and work place exposure among Swedish biomedical research personnel. Wennborg H., Yuen J., Nise G., Sasco A.J., Vainio H., Gustavsson P., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2001, Vol.74, No.8, p.558-564. Illus. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: This cohort study aimed to elucidate cancer occurrence in relation to occupational exposure to specific chemical, biological and physical agents among biomedical research laboratory personnel in Sweden. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for the period 1970-1994 were calculated for specific exposures for 3277 subjects in the laboratory group and for 2011 controls working in non-laboratory departments. The number of cancer cases was lower than expected on the basis of population, for both laboratory and non-laboratory personnel. Elevated SIRs were nonetheless noted for malignant melanoma among female laboratory employees exposed to solvents (SIR 2.73) and to selected carcinogenic agents (substances classified 2B by IARC) (SIR 3.15). A slight increase of breast cancer risk was also observed. (101140)
CIS 03-205 Respiratory allergies in hairdressers. (French: Allergie respiratoire des coiffeurs) Rosenberg N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.417-425. 59 ref. (In French) Internet: The work of hairdressers results in exposure to chemicals that are potentially damaging to the respiratory tract. According to a telephone survey of 355 female hairdressers carried out in Finland in 1998, the prevalence of rhinitis and asthma was 16.9% and 4.5% respectively. Contents of this review article on respiratory allergies of hairdressers: epidemiology; physiopathology; causal substances (alkaline persulfates, henna, hair dyes, amines, ammonium thioglycolate, hair lacquer resins); diagnosis at the place of work; diagnosis in specialized institutions; evolution; prevention; compensation. (101296)
CIS 03-206 Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among postal delivery workers. (French: Prévalence et facteurs de risque de lombalgies chez les préposés à la distribution de La Poste) Berquez-Doise C., Leroyer A., Frimat P., Werhly S., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.364-373. 29 ref. (In French) Internet: To assess backache prevalence among postal delivery workers in France and to identify occupational and non-occupational risk factors, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out between Oct. 1999 and March 2000, involving all of the 393 postal delivery workers (114 women and 279 men) having been subjected to a medical examination by an occupational physician at the French Post Office. Their mean age was 44.3 years (range: 23-63 years). The prevalence of low back pain was 46.3% (182 subjects), 51.8% among women and 44.1% among men. Logistic regression analysis highlighted different risk factors for men and women, apart from a history of spinal disorders common to both sexes. Risk factors for women included having children, sleep disorders and stress at work, while for men, they included an age of 45 or more, stress at work and letter delivery in a mixed rural and urban area compared with a purely urban area. No clear differences were found in the prevalence of low back pain according to how the rounds were made (on motorcycle, by automobile, by bicycle or on foot). (101367)
CIS 03-207 Mathematical procedure to adjust for the healthy worker effect: The case of firefighting, diabetes and heart disease. Choi B.C.K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2001, Vol.43, No.12, p.1057-1063. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: This article describes a mathematical procedure to adjust for one component of the healthy worker effect (HWE), namely, the healthy hired effect, such that among firefighters, the exclusion of individuals with diabetes leads to lower-than-expected heart disease deaths. Three examples from real studies are provided to illustrate the application of the mathematical procedure. It can be applied to adjust for other components of the HWE, such as the exclusion of obese individuals and smokers at the time of hire. (101077)
CIS 03-208 Lessons for surveillance in the 21st century: A historical perspective from the past five millennia. Choi B.C.K., Pak A.W.P., SPM - Sozial- und Präventivmedizin - Social and Preventive Medicine - Médecine sociale et préventive, 2001, Vol.46, No.6, p.361-368. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: This paper reviews some major epidemics in the past 5000 years in human history and derives 12 lessons in the context of epidemiological surveillance, to be used as a guide to designing a better and more comprehensive surveillance systems in the future. The elements of such an improved system include: continuing the improvement of surveillance; carrying out surveillance on an ongoing basis; being systematic; being population-based; including risk and prevention indicators in the database; linking surveillance with an efficient data analysis system; simulating aetiological research; improving forecasting capability; linking of development of intervention; evaluating the intervention; improving information dissemination; ensuring that the surveillance system provide equal opportunity for participation and receipt of information. (101168)
CIS 03-209 Evaluating composite health measures using Rasch modelling: An illustrative example. Hagquist C., SPM - Sozial- und Präventivmedizin - Social and Preventive Medicine - Médecine sociale et préventive, 2001, Vol.46, No.6, p.369-378. Illus. 34 ref. (In English) Internet: Rasch modelling is a statistical framework that addresses the issues of uni-dimensionality and invariance. The purpose of this article is to explore the possibilities of applying Rasch modelling to epidemiology and public health research in order to evaluate composite measures of health. It provides an overview of Rasch modelling using examples based on adolescent survey data. It shows how the various elements operate across different samples and subgroups. It concludes that Rasch modelling may serve as a useful tool in the evaluation and the development of composite health measures intended to be used in epidemiology and public health research. (101169)
CIS 03-210 27th National Congress on Occupational Medicine and Occupational Health - From knowledge to practice. (French: 27e congrès national de médecine et santé au travail - De la connaissance à nos pratiques) Durand E., Gauron C., Kreutz G., Weibel L., Chouanière D., Massin N., Delépine A., Leprince A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.383-395. (In French) Internet: More than 2,500 delegates attended the 27th National Congress on Occupational Medicine and Health held in Grenoble, France, 4-7 June 2002. There were 20 sessions, dedicated to topics as varied as the contributions of multidisciplinary approaches to occupational health, health effects of company reorganizations and "work and sleep", addressing among others the issue of lowered vigilance at work. This article presents summaries of certain selected sessions: water-based paints; waste management; cardiovascular diseases at work; radiological protection; sleep and work; work after the age of 50; asthma and work. (101294)
CIS 03-211 Occupational health practice in Greece. Bazas T., Journal of Occupational Health, May 2001, Vol.43, No.3, p.165-167. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: Survey of the current situation of occupational health practice in Greece. Almost 60% of the economically active population is employed in the tertiary sector (mostly in small and medium sized enterprises), where occupational health services are not usually available. In larger companies there are enterprise physicians (about 400 in all), only 10% of whom are specialists in occupational medicine. As a result of the country's joining the European Union, the number of labour inspectors has increased from 120 to approx. 300. OSH training materials and research are still practically non-existent in the country, so that there is a lot of room for improvement. (101343)
CIS 03-212 Occupational health services and hazard evaluation in small enterprises. (French: Les services de santé au travail et l'évaluation des risques dans les petites entreprises) Durand E., Lafon D., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2002, No.91, p.283-295. Illus. (In French) Internet: The publication of the Decree of 5 November 2001 concerning the creation of a document on the evaluation of hazards for the safety and health of workers (see CIS 01-1278) provided an opportunity for renewed discussions on the topic. This article consists of a review of presentations made during a symposium held on 6 June 2002 in Lyon, France organized by INRS together with the French occupational health insurance institution for the Rhône-Alpes region. Its purpose was to exchange views on the specific details concerning the involvement of occupational health services in evaluating hazards in small enterprises. Evaluations made by occupational health physicians in support of actions undertaken by employers were reviewed with reference to the regulatory framework. Occupational health services presented actions already undertaken or under way in small enterprises, and the occupational safety and health branch of the French social security administration presented the possible forms of collaboration with it's services. (101414)
CIS 03-213 Occupational hygiene. Goelzer B.I.F., Mikheev M., Watfa N.T., Okwulehie P., Ojok J.R.M., Kähkönen E., Shilla C.P.N., Fayomi E.B., Comlan C., Josse R., Zohoun T., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1996, Vol.6, No.3, p.59-79 (whole issue). Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational hygiene. Contents: WHO programme in occupational hygiene; ILO programme in occupational hygiene; prevention of noise hazards in Nigerian workplaces; occupational hygiene in Uganda; occupational health projects in East Africa; practical examples of occupational hygiene improvements in Swaziland. Other topic: cerebellar ataxia among a maize farming community in Benin caused by pesticide poisoning. (101433)
CIS 03-214 Occupational health services. Rantanen J., Coppée G.H., Mikheev M.I., Juengprasert W., Okubo T., Lehtinen S., Vaidya S.N., Awan S.A., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 1996, Vol.3, No.1, p.1-31 (whole issue). Illus. 7ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational health services. Main topics covered: ILO perspective on occupational health services; WHO perspective on occupational health services; national occupational health plan in Thailand; trends in occupational health services; review of a symposium on occupational health services held in Singapore; need for occupational health service legislation; occupational safety and health in Nepal; presentation of the Centre for the Improvement of Working Conditions and Environment in Pakistan. (101447)
CIS 03-215 Markers of insulin resistance in day and shift workers aged 30-59 years. Nagaya T., Yoshida H., Takahashi H., Kawai M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.75, No.8, p.562-568. 40 ref. (In English) Internet: To examine relationships between shift work and markers of insulin resistance (IR), a cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 2,824 day and 826 shift workers. All the subjects were male blue-collar workers aged 30-59 years. Four IR markers were checked. Data concerning the specifics of the job, work schedules and lifestyles were based on self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of each IR marker was compared between the two worker groups, after adjusting for age, body mass index, job, drinking, smoking and exercise. It was found that the IR syndrome was associated with shift work in workers younger than 50 years. Furthermore, these relations may be underestimated due to broad definitions of shift work and healthy-worker effects. (101267)
CIS 03-216 From theory to practice - Successes in occupational health. Sakari W.D.O., Rantanen J., Shilla C.P.N., Kitumbo H.I., Lehtinen S., Shuster L., Jensen H.E., Tornberg V.P., Lamberg M.E., Mattila M., Mayaka A.N., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1995, Vol.5, No.3, p.51-70 (whole issue). Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of the practical implementation of occupational health programmes. Contents: prerequisites for success in occupational safety and health; productivity enhancements resulting from improvements in working conditions in small and medium-sized enterprises in Swaziland; African regional consultation on the prevention of occupational diseases and accidents; review article of an ILO conference on the occupational health of workers in small enterprises; implementation of low-cost ergonomic solutions in South Africa; process of launching a national newsletter; summary of the evaluation of the South African Safety and Health Project. Other topics: improving electrical safety; technical applications of radiation and radiation protection. (101431)
CIS 03-217 Occupational diseases: A study of their prevention. (Spanish: La enfermedad profesional. Un estudio de su prevención) Moreno Cáliz S., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2002. 922p. Approx. 800 ref., ISBN 84-7425-617-8 (In Spanish) Internet: This publication analyses the concept of occupational diseases as well as their prevention from the point of view of Spanish labour and social security laws. Main topics covered: historical development of the protection of workers against health hazards; ILO conventions and recommendations concerning occupational diseases; the European legal framework; the Spanish legal framework; medical supervision; recognition of occupational diseases; temporary and permanent disability; occupational diseases and the role of insurance institutions; assigning responsibilities; compensation. Appendices include: glossary; sources of national statistics; regulations applicable to occupational diseases (Spain, European Union, ILO, other international resolutions); jurisprudence. (101108)
CIS 03-218 Atlas of respiratory disease mortality, United States: 1982-1993. Kim J.H., Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Aug. 1998. vii, 75p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: This document presents maps showing geographic distribution (by health service area) of mortality associated with selected respiratory conditions that together represent nearly all respiratory diseases. For categories of traditional occupational lung diseases mapped in this atlas (i.e. pneumoconioses, including coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, byssinosis, and other and unspecified pneumoconioses), nearly all cases are attributable to hazardous exposure. For other respiratory disease categories, cases frequently occur in the absence of hazardous occupational exposure, with a small proportion of cases attributable, for some diseases, to occupational exposure. Nevertheless, occupational causes have been documented for each of the disease categories. (101235)
CIS 03-219 Musculoskeletal pain in relation to physical exercise, occupational loading and individual factors. Miranda H., Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2002. 78p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price : EUR 18.00., ISBN 951-802-510-X (In English) Internet: The aim of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the prevalence, incidence and persistence of and the risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among workers of a large Finnish forestry industry company. The cross-sectional study involved 3312 subjects (mean age 45 years, 74% men, 26% women, 72% blue-collar and 28% white-collar workers). Subjects responded to a modified version of the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain and its potential risk factors. Neck pain was the most common pain experienced by this study population: the 12-month prevalence of radiating neck pain was 37% and that of local neck pain was 36%. The prevalences of radiating low back pain and local low back pain were 25% and 29% respectively. 26% reported shoulder pain and 24% reported knee pain during the preceding 12 months. Both occupational and psychosocial risk factors were investigated using multi-regression analyses. Recommendations for the prevention of musculoskeletal pain include the reduction of physical loading, rational ergonomic interventions and a leading physically active lifestyle. (101380)
CIS 03-220 Evaluation and compensation of respiratory health damage caused by anthrosilicosis among underground coal miners: Comparative study of Belgium and Spain. (French: Evaluation et indemnisation du dommage respiratoire causé par l'anthraco-silicose chez le mineur de fond: étude comparative Belgique-Espagne) Luque F.B., Université libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium, Oct. 2001. 181p. Illus. 78 ref. (In French) Internet: Approximately 15,000 miners are still employed in coal mines in Spain. Although the last Belgian coal mine ceased operations in 1991, there continue to be claims for compensation for coal miners' pneumoconiosis. There were 1289 such cases during 1998. This thesis compares Belgium and Spain with respect to legislation and medical practices for evaluating invalidity and compensating incapacity resulting from coal miners' pneumoconiosis. (101420)
CIS 03-221 Evaluation in occupational health practice. Menckel E., Westerholm P., eds., Butterworth-Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 1999. xiv, 235p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 72.00., ISBN 0-7506-4303-X (In English) Internet: This book addresses the issue of quality in occupational health service performance and its evaluation. It discusses evaluation approaches and models, practical aspects of evaluation and perspectives and future trends. It is aimed at persons evaluating occupational health services and those who are confronted with issues of occupational health, or have responsibilities in the public health service administration. (101240)
CIS 03-222 Annual report 2000. (Dutch: Jaarverslag 2000; French: Rapport annuel 2000) Fonds des maladies professionnelles, Avenue de l'Astronomie 1, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2000. 260p. Illus. (In Dutch, French) Internet: Contents of this annual report: organization and mode of operation of the Belgian Occupational Disease Insurance Fund (administrative structure; reporting of occupational diseases by diagnosis, age, nationality, industry and occupation; compensation of damage to health caused by occupational diseases); prevention of occupational diseases); statistical and financial data (in Belgian Francs and Euros); balance sheet and income statement (in Belgian Francs and Euros). (101300)
CIS 03-223 A NIOSH look at data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics - Worker health by industry and occupation. Burnett C.A., Lalich N.R., MacDonald L., Alterman T., Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Jan. 2001. iii, 104p. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: This report presents comprehensive descriptive information on the most common occupational diseases in the United States, namely: musculoskeletal disorders of the back; upper and lower extremities; hernia; dermatitis; anxiety, stress and neurotic disorders. The data are drawn from the annual survey of occupational injuries and illnesses of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data on the total number of cases, incidence rate per 10,000 workers and median days away from work are provided by code of activity according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Other results include cases by sex, race, age and length of service. (101143)
CIS 03-224 Healthy employees in healthy organisations: The European Network for Workplace Health Promotion. Kuhn K., Beermann B., Henke N., Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin), P.O. Box 170202, 44061 Dortmund, Germany, [c2002]. 19p. Illus. (In English) Internet: In the Maastricht and Amsterdam treaties, the EU Member States committed themselves to more active occupational health policies. The task of establishing workplace health promotion programmes in each of the Member States led to the idea of developing the European Network for Workplace Health Promotion. The network includes representatives of the occupational safety and health services of each of the 15 EU Member States as well as several other European countries. The activities of the network are coordinated by the German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin). Activities include the development of a series of tools to help companies in their efforts to implement workplace health promotion programmes. (101141)
CIS 03-225 Occupational diseases. (Arabic: Al-amrād al-mihniyya; French: Maladies professionnelles) Caisse nationale des assurances sociales, Direction de la prévention des accidents du travail, Centre familial Ben-Aknoun, Alger, Algeria, 2001. 57+45p. (In Arabic, French) Internet: This document reprints the classification and schedule of occupational diseases as provided for by the 1996 Algerian Order on the same subject (see CIS 97-1417). (101112)
CIS 03-226 Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Rev.ed., 2000-2002. ix, 43p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: CHF 10.50., ISBN 92-2-110832-5 (In English) Internet: The aim of these guidelines is to standardize classification methods and facilitate international comparisons of pneumoconiosis statistics and research reports. It retains the principles embodied in previous editions of the ILO Classification (1950, 1958, 1968, 1971, 1980, 1989). All types of pneumoconiosis are covered. Contents: introduction and general instructions; the complete classification (technical quality, parenchymal and pleural abnormalities, symbols and comments); specific instructions for the use of the abbreviated classification; using the ILO classification. In appendices: note on technical quality for chest radiographs of dust-exposed workers; reading sheets; description of standard radiographs; diagrams; summary of details of the ILO (2000) International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis. Replaces the previous edition (CIS 90-1238). (101341)
CIS 03-227 Agriculture. Kiara S.K., Husman K., Kangas J., Klen T., Louhelainen K., Tupi K., Akhabuhaya J.L., Norse D., Choudhry A.W., Selema R.B., Tibone C., Lehtinen S., Bridbord K., Farlee C., East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 31 Dec. 1989, No.3, p.1-32 (whole issue). Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational safety and health (OSH) in agriculture. Contents: occupational hazards in agriculture; use of pesticides in agriculture; population, food needs and resources in Africa; OSH training in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar; occupational health in agriculture; health care training in remote rural areas of Botswana; specific risks to women involved in agricultural activities in Botswana; mobile clinic unit in Zimbabwe; post-doctoral research positions available for African candidates at a public health research institute in the United States. (101083)
CIS 03-228 Adolescent work patterns and work-related injury incidence in rural Minnesota. Parker D.L., Merchant D., Munshi K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2002, Vol.42, No.2, p.134-141. 23 ref. (In English) Internet: Although there have been many studies on working youth in the United States, none have provided a broad picture of adolescent work in rural areas. In this study, six high schools in rural Minnesota were evaluated for adolescent work practices. Schools ranged in size from 173 to 525 students in grades 9 through 12. Students were given a 20-page self-administered questionnaire examining work practices. 2,250 students completed the survey, representing 92% of the student body. 28% of students lived on a farm. Approximately 45% of the male students and 21% of the female students were involved in farm work. Only 2.6% of students were injured during an eight-month period in farm-related activities, while 5.1% were injured doing non-farm work. Many students reported working long hours. These data are significant in the context of national policy discussion concerning the failure of the Fair Labor Standards Act to regulate the agricultural working environment. (101253)
CIS 03-229 Occupational injury and illness among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in New York State and Pennsylvania, 1997-1999: Pilot study of a new surveillance method. Earle-Richardson G., Jenkins P.L., Tucker Slingerland D., Mason C., Miles M., May J.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2003, Vol.44, No.1, p.37-45. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: Traditional worksite injury surveillance methods are often ineffective for farms in the north-eastern United States employing seasonal harvest labour. Many are small farms, exempt from mandatory injury reporting. The high proportion of foreign workers and the temporary nature of the work further discourages reporting. Therefore, an alternative migrant health centre-based occupational injury and illness surveillance system was piloted during 1997-1999. Anonymous medical chart data from nine migrant health centres and four regional hospital emergency rooms was collected. There were 516 injury/illness cases over two seasons. Joint/muscle straining (31%), falling (18%), poison ivy contact (10%) and object strikes (8%) were the most common injurious events. The participation rate of health centres was 75%; 130 cases were reported by hospital emergency rooms. Further development of a medical records-based surveillance system should include hospital emergency rooms and focus on identified health centre factors associated with high performance. (101487)
CIS 03-230 An update of a mortality study of talc miners and millers in Italy. Coggiola M., Bosio D., Pira E., Piolatto P.G., La Vecchia C., Negri E., Michelazzi M., Bacaloni A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2003, Vol.44, No.1, p.63-69. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: While talc containing asbestiform fibres is considered a human carcinogen, only limited data are available on non-asbestiform talc. To provide further evaluation of the matter, an analysis of an Italian cohort of talc miners and millers was updated. The cohort consisted of 1,795 men who had worked for at least one year in the mine or in the factory between 1946 and 1995. Vital status and death certificates were obtained from registration offices in the municipality of death or of birth. Employment, termination of employment and detailed job history were obtained from personnel records at the plant. No excess was found for total cancer mortality, nor mortality for lung cancer. No case of mesothelioma was reported. There was a significant excess mortality from non-neoplastic respiratory diseases (SMR 228.2), mainly silicosis. (101490)
CIS 03-231 Traumatic injury among drywall installers, 1992 to 1995. Chiou S.S., Pan C.S., Keane P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.42, No.11, p.1101-1108. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: This study examined the traumatic injury characteristics associated with one of the high-risk occupations in the construction industry, drywall installers. An additional objective was to demonstrate a feasible and economic approach to identify risk factors associated with a specific occupation by using an existing database. An analysis of non-fatal traumatic injuries with days away from work among drywall installers was performed for 1992 through 1995 using the Occupational Injury and Illness Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the US. Results from this study indicate that drywall installers are at a high risk of overexertion and falls from heights. Over 40% of the injured drywall installers suffered sprains, strains, and/or tears. The most frequently injured body part was the trunk. More than one-third of the trunk injuries occurred while handling solid building materials, mainly drywall. (101135)
CIS 03-232 Cancer morbidity in Swedish asphalt workers. Bergdahl I.A., Järvholm B., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 2003, Vol.43, No.1, p.104-108. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: Some studies have indicated an increased risk of lung cancer among asphalt workers. This study investigates the risk of lung cancer in Swedish asphalt workers. A cohort of 6,150 Swedish asphalt workers, mainly employed in road construction, was compared to the general population, and to a reference group of construction workers not exposed to asphalt fumes. The exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons at paving in Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s were estimated to be in the order of one or a few micrograms per cubic meter, but was probably higher in earlier years. 32 lung cancer cases were observed among asphalt workers, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.98. The corresponding RR as compared to the construction workers' group and adjusted for smoking habits, was 1.03. No increased risk was found for other cancers or death from other lung diseases. It is concluded that asphalt workers do not have any increased lung cancer risk from exposure to asphalt fumes. (101255)
CIS 03-233 Hospitalizations among teachers in Denmark, 1981-1997. Hannerz H., Albertsen K., Tüchsen F., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2002, Vol.15, No.3, p.257-266. Illus. 61 ref. (In English) Internet: To investigate morbidity among Danish teachers, cohorts of primary, secondary and vocational school teachers, aged 20-59 years in 1981,1986,1991 and 1994 were formed. Age-standardized hospitalization ratios (SHRs) and time trends (1981-1997) were calculated for a large variety of diagnostic classes. Significantly low SHRs for neoplasms and diseases of the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal systems were found both for men and women. Significantly low SHRs for the aggregated diagnostic group "injury and poisoning" were also found in men and for diseases of the nervous system and sense organs in women. Hospitalization rates for practically all diseases were significantly lower among teachers compared with other economically active people of Denmark. (101262)
CIS 03-234 Aircraft accidents and other causes of death among Norwegian commercial pilots. Haldorsen T., Reitan J.B., Tveten U., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 2002, Vol.73, No.6, p.587-592. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: In this study on pilot mortality, a cohort of 3707 male commercial pilots having valid licences between 1946 and 1994 was established from the files of the Norwegian Civil Aviation Administration. The observed number of deaths was compared with those expected, based on national rates. There were 342 deaths versus 362.8 expected, with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.94. Aircraft accidents with 97 deaths had a major influence on total mortality and the SMR for all other causes was 0.68. The SMR for cancer was 0.89 and for circulatory diseases 0.53. Among pilots aged under 30, the SMR for total mortality was 3.52. For this age group, 38 of a total of 42 deaths were caused by aircraft accidents, of which almost half involved private aircraft. Due to aircraft accidents, young pilots have a higher mortality rate than the general population. However, other harmful effects were not found, and pilots of all ages have a better life expectancy than the general population. (101202)
CIS 03-235 Designing the human/machine/process interface in the plant planning phase - Safety requirements and findings of an empirical study. (German: Gestaltung der Schnittstelle Mensch/Anlage/Prozess im Rahmen von Anlagenplanungen - Sicherheitsbezogene Anforderungen und Untersuchungsergebnisse) Beer B., Stadler P., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Dec. 2001, Vol.55, No.4, p.214-225. Illus. 23 ref. (In German) Internet: Occupational safety in the chemical industry essentially requires preventive design of the interface between operators, machines and processes during the design phase. This involves an analysis of future work tasks and psychological aspects (perception, assessment and decision-making) of the operators. This project investigated plans for new plants or plant modifications in ten enterprises within the chemical industry. The first research results on ergonomics and occupational psychology with respect to safe behaviour in chemical plants are presented, together with the findings of an empirical study analysing the design of the human-machine interface with respect to safety at work. Various subjective and objective methods of research were used (risk analysis, document analysis, interviews of persons active in planning or operating the newly planned plants). The analysis covered the planning process as well as the results of planning the working environment in the new production units. (101165)
CIS 03-236 Bakers' asthma - A new breath of air for the trade. (French: L'asthme du boulanger - Un nouveau souffle pour la profession) Brasseur G., Travail et sécurité, Sep. 2002, No.621, p.2-6. Illus. (In French) Internet: Flour is the main causal agent of occupational asthma in France, and bakers are are among its most common victims. The professional organization of bakers worked in collaboration with the prevention unit of the French national health insurance organization (sécurité sociale) to develop an approach to the prevention of the condition. The measures are mostly simple to implement. They consist essentially in avoiding the release of flour dust during the transportation, weighing, emptying of sacks into the dough trough, mixing and sprinkling of flour and during cleaning operations. (101326)
CIS 03-237 Pregnancy outcome of personnel in Swedish biomedical research laboratories. Wennborg H., Bodin L., Vainio H., Axelsson G., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.438-446. 51 ref. (In English) Internet: Reproduction outcomes of female laboratory personnel in Sweden from 1990 to 1994 were investigated in a questionnaire-based study. Controls included personnel in non-laboratory departments. With regard to spontaneous abortions, no risk factors were found for laboratory work in general, but an odds ratio of 2.3 was connected to exposure to chloroform. The odds ratio for high birth weights (corrected for gestational age) in association with the mother's laboratory work was 1.9. The result with regard to spontaneous abortion partly supports previously reported increased risks of miscarriage related to laboratory work with solvents. (101054)
CIS 03-238 Service sector. Ong C.N., Niu S., Padungtod C., De Leon C.A.G., Lehtinen S., Fulekar M.H., Phan H.H., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Nov. 2000, Vol.7, No.3, p.55-79 (whole issue). Illus. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the service sector. Contents: occupational safety and health (OSH) in the health care sector; the service sector in Thailand. Other topics: occupational safety and health in the Philippines; review of a conference on occupational health held in Singapore; occupational health of women in India; OSH information network in Vietnam; review of a conference on health research focusing on the needs of developing countries held in Thailand. (101095)
CIS 03-239 Quality assurance through comprehensive self-evaluation: Application of the participatory productivity management (PPM) approach in a psychiatric hospital. (German: Qualitätssicherung durch umfassende Selbstevaluation: Anwendung des partizipativen Produktivitätsmanagement (PPM) in einer psychiatrischen Klinik) Hollmann S., Schmidt K.H., Trenckmann U., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Dec. 2001, Vol.55, No.4, p.260-267. Illus. 8 ref. (In German) Internet: Efforts to introduce quality assurance systems in public health in general and in psychiatric practice in particular are confronted with a number of problems relating to the measurement and evaluation of performance. Participative Productivity Management (PPM) is a new method aimed at resolving some of these issues. PPM guides teams to develop their own performance evaluation systems as a basis for creating feedback information. Each group develops its own system with the help of an external moderator in three steps: firstly the work tasks that the group has to perform are defined; next, indicators that measure the quality of the performance for each work task are identified; finally the contribution of each indicator to the overall quality of the work group is described with the help of performance-evaluation- functions. This article describes the implementation of PPM in two wards of a psychiatric hospital, showing that it is possible to measure and influence the quality of psychiatric services. (101167)
CIS 03-240 Self-perceived exertion level and objective evaluation of neuromuscular fatigue in a training session of orchestral violin players. Chan R.F.M., Chow C.Y., Lee G.P.S., To L.K., Tsang X.Y.S., Yeung S.S., Yeung E.W., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 2000, Vol.31, No.4, p.335-341. Illus. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: Fourteen professional violin players volunteered in this study to investigate the relationship between self-perceived exertion level and an objective measurement of muscle fatigue before and after rehearsal sessions. Training-induced exertion was evaluated by the Borg scale ratings. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record the fatigue level of the upper trapezius muscles before and after a training session. Medium frequency (MF) signals were selected from the EMG recordings and used to document the fatigue rate of this muscle. A 79% prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal complaints was found, with the neck and shoulder region accounting for 57.1% of the areas reported. There was also a significant increase in self-perceived exertion fatigue after the training session. Regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the slopes of MF on both trapezius muscles, before and after the training sessions. The disparity in the subjective perception with the objective findings indicated that the violinists' self-perceived exertion arises from multiple sources. (101284)
CIS 03-241 Evaluation of occupational accidents in the hospital sector: Case of the Farhat Hached Hospital in Sousse. (French: Evaluation des accidents du travail dans le secteur hospitalier: cas de l'hôpital Farhat Hached de Sousse) Boufares F., Njah M., Amamou H., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Apr. 2002, No.21, p.14-24. Illus. 5 ref. (In French) Internet: This prospective study of occupational accidents in a university hospital in Tunisia was carried out from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 1999. All occupational accidents were taken into account. In all cases, the victim and the witnesses (if any) were interviewed by means of a questionnaire concerning the details of the accident, the professional status of the victim and the proposed prevention measures. Tables present the results by age, tenure, sex, occupational category, department, timing of the accident and cause. (101299)
CIS 03-242 Perception of occupational hazards among health care workers in prisons in Morocco. (French: Perception des risques professionnels chez le personnel de soins en milieu carcéral au Maroc) Laraqui C.H,, Laraqui O., Douma A., Mounassif M., Rahhali A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.374-381. 15 ref. (In French) Internet: The aim of this study was to identify the perception of occupational hazards among health care workers in prison, to evaluate their satisfaction at work and to propose preventive measures. This survey was carried out in 2000 in several prisons. Among the 140 distributed questionnaires, 58% were recovered. 72.8% of the staff declared that night guard had a negative influence on their work and health and 90.1% on their social life. 35% found the working atmosphere confined, 80.2% complained of physical constraints including 50.6% from draught, 35% from excessive heat and 74% from humidity. Poor lighting of the premises was underlined by 55.5%. The most feared infectious diseases were tuberculosis (98.8%), scabies (93.8%), syphilis (91.4%), viral hepatitis (41.9%) and HIV (41.9%). Risky objects most frequently mentioned were hollow needles (80.2%), solid needles (76.5%), blades and scalpels (75.2%). Incidents involving exposure to blood were reported by 87.7% of the staff 80.2% had been threatened by prisoners. Only 2.5% had benefited from training in hygiene and prevention. (101368)
CIS 03-243 Table service in restaurants: Work constraints and considerations on the future of this occupation. (French: Le service à table dans la restauration: contraintes d'emploi et réflexions sur l'avenir de la profession) Grimaud I., Henri-Bonneville S.C., Richoux C., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2002, No.91, p.259-268. Illus. 6 ref. (In French) Internet: In traditional restaurants, guests are served at their table by waiters or waitresses. This service to patrons represents strenuous work, physically, psychologically and from the standpoint of working hours. This article presents the results of a survey on the health of these employees, aimed at highlighting the constraints that are inherent to this sector as well as the factors to be taken into consideration for improving working conditions. A total of 131 employees accepted to take part in this questionnaire survey. Data were collected on the following aspects of their work: demographic factors (age, sex); tenure; number of children; commuting time; working hours; constraints at the workplace. This survey made it possible to highlight some of the constraints and to suggest improvements in working conditions. The questionnaire is included as an appendix. (101413)
CIS 03-244 Work environment and occupational health of Finnish veterinarians. Reijula K., Räsänen K., Hämäläinen M., Juntunen K., Lindbohm M.L., Taskinen H., Bergbom B., Rinta-Jouppi M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2003, Vol.44, No.1, p.46-57. Illus. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: The health and work environment of Finnish veterinarians was evaluated in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was mailed to the 1169 veterinarians under 65 years of age and working in Finland; 785 responded. Results indicated that veterinarian's work was physically demanding, and often involved an increased risk of accident. The risks were considered moderately or considerably high by over half of the respondents, and the highest risks occurred among veterinarians working in equine, mixed (both small and large animals) and livestock-rearing practice. The veterinarians were committed to their work, although they also experienced work-related stress and fatigue. Veterinarians working in towns, or those involved in education and research, reported the most stress. Serious work-related exhaustion was experienced most often by women in the youngest and by men in the oldest age groups. On average, the veterinarians spent over 100hr a month on call. The work of a Finnish veterinarian, the work environment and the risks of the work varied greatly depending on the tasks assigned to the veterinarian. (101488)
CIS 03-245 Regulation difficulties in teleworking taking into consideration the balance between salaried work and family life. (German: Regulationsbehinderungen bei der Teleheimarbeit unter Berücksichtigung des Wechselverhältnisses zwischen Erwerbsarbeit und Familie) Treier M., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Dec. 2001, Vol.55, No.4, p.239-248. Illus. 42 ref. (In German) Internet: Many enterprises have introduced teleworking, which has been made possible by progress in information technology and increased flexibility in modes of work. However, the successful implementation of teleworking needs to recognize the issues related to the integrating of two different areas of daily life, the family and the occupation. Effective teleworking therefore requires an actively-managed balance between family and employer interests and claims. This article presents main results of a study which deals with aspects of the self-regulation and family-regulation to identify the main factors of stress and strain in the integrated work-family-system of telework. The difficulties and/or interruptions during the job are described and discussed. It is concluded that it is important to consider not only the classical aspects of work design, but also the processes of social and family regulation. (101166)
CIS 03-246 Club Zero: Implementing OHSMS in small to medium fabricated metal companies. Pearse W., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2002, Vol.18, No.4, p.347-356. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of occupational safety and health management systems (OSHMS) in small- to medium-size metal manufacturing companies. The study included the design and implementation of an OSHMS in 17 companies active in this sector. An innovative aspect of the project included the formation of a network of participating companies. The results indicated that for some companies, OSHMS are applicable and improvements can be gained in OHS management. The role and effectiveness of networking was not independently assessed; however, some participants found that it provided a useful form of access to scarce OHS resources. The study provides practical information about how an OSHMS may be improved in small- to medium-size companies. (101033)
CIS 03-247 Child labour. Tapiola K., Forastieri V., Sawant S.T., Bihari V., Tyagi P., Estrella-Gust D.P., Awan S.A., Saeed H.M., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, July 2000, Vol.7, No.2, p.27-51 (whole issue). Illus. 47 ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of articles on the theme of child labour in Asia. Contents: challenges in combating child labour from an occupational health perspective; child labour in India; child labour in sandstone mines in India; case study on the health, safety and working environment of child labour in the footwear industry in the Philippines; child labour in Pakistan. (101094)
CIS 03-248 The older worker: An international perspective. Winn F.J., ed., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 2000, Vol.25, No.5, p.461-545 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Contents of this whole issue on older workers: worksite health promotion programmes and older workers; work ability of middle-aged Finnish construction workers; effect of age on the subjective assessment of hygienic work environment in the metalworking industry; use of new technology by 60-year old women workers; relation between age, work ability and stress among bus drivers; effects of ergonomic and health training on work interest, work ability and health in elderly public transport drivers; injury risk profile among ageing firefighters in the province of Québec; redesign of workplaces for older workers; psychological issues related to ageing and productivity. (101160)
CIS 03-249 Occupational risks and injuries in non-agricultural immigrant Latino workers. Pranski G., Moshenberg D., Benjamin K., Portillo S., Thackrey J.L., Hill-Fotouhi C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2002, Vol.42, No.2, p.117-123. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: To investigate occupational health in urban immigrant Latino workers, a survey was conducted through door-to-door interviews. The response rate was 80% (n=427). The average time of residence in the United States was 7.6 years, and the average job tenure was 2.8 years. 27% of the respondents reported exposures to over 10 different hazards, and 18% believed these hazards had harmed their health. Only 31% had received job safety training. 55% had no workers' compensation coverage. Among the 11% with a work injury in the past three years, 27% reported difficulty obtaining treatment, 91% lost time from work (median=13 days) and 29% had to change jobs because of the injury. The annual occupational injury rate was 12.2/100 full-time workers, compared to an expected rate of 7.1. (101252)
CIS 03-250 Analysis of working conditions in a population of apprentices below 18 years of age. (French: Une analyse des conditions de travail dans une population d'apprentis de moins de 18 ans) Monfrin F., Acher D., Autran L., Frigoult J., Leclerc G., Leconte A., Rabarison L., Roy C., Sejourne A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2002, No.91, p.247-258. Illus. 9 ref. (In French) Internet: A total of 189 apprentices (all minors) working in enterprises under the supervision of a regional occupational health service participated in this descriptive cross-sectional survey. Data on the following aspects were collected by means of a questionnaire administered by an occupational health physician: demographic factors (age, sex); sector of activity; commuting time; working hours; conditions of work; commuting and occupational accidents; effects on health. A box includes Ordinance 2001-174 of 22 February 2001 that transposes into French legislation Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work. (101412)
CIS 03-251 Women at work. Brundtland G.H., Alli B.O., Defabachew M.Y., Nkurlu J.I., Lehtinen S., Mununa F.T., Taskinen H., Frilander H., Muchiri F.K., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1999, Vol.9, No.2, p.27-55 (whole issue). Illus. 53 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of women at work. Contents: hazards encountered by women at the workplace; work-related health problems of women in Ethiopian manufacturing industries; workplace exposure of women to chemicals; review article on a Southern African regional conference on occupational safety and health (OSH); exposure of rural women to pesticides in Africa; legal provisions concerning the protection of pregnant women at work in Finland and in other European Union countries; violence at work towards women in Kenya. (101436)
CIS 03-252 Proceedings of the International Fishing Industry Safety and Health Conference. Lincoln J.M., Hudson D.S., Conway G.A., Pescatore R., eds., Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 2002. xx, 465p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. (In English) Internet: Few activities are as dangerous as commercial fishing. Fishermen work in harsh weather, often at great distances from emergency or rescue services. Studies have shown that fishermen who wear personal flotation devices are more likely to survive vessel sinking or capsizing. Vessels that maintain emergency equipment such as life rafts, electronic beacons and immersion suits in good order help ensure the survival of their crew. These proceedings of a conference on safety and health in commercial fishing held on 23-25 October 2000 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA contain safety and health recommendations for commercial fishermen from safety experts of several countries, grouped under the following headings: worldwide problems and challenges in the industry; innovative approaches to investigating and preventing fishing vessel casualties; risk perception among fishermen; successful intervention programmes, hazard analysis and injury surveillance; safety training for fishermen. (101491)
CIS 03-253 Conditions of work and occupational safety and health in Peruvian mines. (Spanish: Condiciones de trabajo, seguridad y salud ocupacional en la minería del Perú) Hiba J.C., ed., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2002. 248p. Illus. 169 ref., ISBN 92-2-313108-1 (In Spanish) Internet: This report presents a broad overview of the conditions of work and the management of occupational safety and health in the mining sector in Peru, integrating economic and social factors. It consists of seven chapters: general characteristics of the mining sector (size of enterprises, types of production, profile of the worker population, technology, national institutional framework, degree of the multinational character of the sector); general living conditions and adaptation to working at high altitudes; conditions of employment and work (contractual and wage systems, working hours, shift work, work organization, training, employee welfare facilities, hazards due to the work environment, occupational accidents, occupational diseases); national institutional framework for the mining sector and implemented or proposed preventive actions; situation of small-scale mines in Peru (types of enterprises, legislative framework, conditions of work, occupational safety and health); conclusions and recommendations. (101340)
CIS 03-254 Underground challenges: Dangerous and favourable conditions for subway construction work. (Portuguese: Desafiando o subsolo: as condições perigosas e favoráveis no trabalho em obras do metrô) Veridiano Piccolo L.A., Leuba Salum M.J., Machado de Queiroz V., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 95p. Illus. 78 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This document examines the relation between work and health in the activities relating to the management of the construction of the São Paulo subway. It consists of a summary of a thesis which analyses the favourable conditions (protective processes) and dangerous conditions (destructive processes) for the health of workers in order to map benefits and risks of the various activities required by the construction of the subway system. (101015)
CIS 03-255 Sharpening the pencil on the costs of implementing PCMAT. (Portuguese: Custos da implantação do PCMAT na ponta do lápis) Chagas de Araújo N.M., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2002. 142p. Illus. 76 ref. Price: BRL 15.00 (In Portuguese) Internet: Brazilian Regulatory Standard No.18 of 1995 on Working Conditions and the Working Environment in the Construction Industry (see CIS 96-1179) specifies that it is mandatory to prepare a working conditions and work environment plan (PCMAT) in all construction establishments with more than 20 workers. This publication presents the detailed calculations of the costs of implementing PCMAT using the example of the construction of a residential building of more than four floors. It is found that these costs amount to 1.49% of the total cost of construction. (101017)
CIS 03-256 Revitalising health and safety in construction - Discussion document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. vi, 54p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Considerable progress has been made in improving occupational safety and health, and this trend must be pursued. This document was published for use as a discussion paper concerning the construction sector. It provides an overview of the current situation, of the changes that need to be implemented and of the approaches to be followed to implement these changes. Readers are invited to discuss these issues with their friends and colleagues, and to submit their suggestions and comments. A response form is included for that purpose. (101047)
CIS 03-257 Work and technology in building construction - Use of CAD, cooperation and communication. (German: Arbeit und Technik im Bauhandwerk - CAD-Einsatz, Kooperation und Kommunikation) Frevel A., Schankin H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 203p. Illus. 44 ref. Price: EUR 17.50., ISBN 3-89701-398-3 (In German) Internet: The aim of this project was to analyse to what extent better use of information technology (IT), and in particular computer-assisted design (CAD), could contribute towards improving working conditions, cooperation and communications among the different parties working on construction sites. The main advantage of IT is that all parties have access to the same complete and current data. The possibility of using a set of IT equipment consisting of a laptop computer, a printer, a digitizing tablet, a digital camera, a voice recorder and a mobile phone on a construction site was demonstrated. However, the use of IT on construction sites remains patchy and is not generalized. This report analyses the possible reasons for the current situation, and proposes several recommendations for encouraging the use of IT on construction sites. (101161)
CIS 03-258 Meeting of experts on working and living conditions on board ships in international registers. (French: Réunion d'experts sur les conditions de travail des gens de mer à bord des navires immatriculés sur les registres internationaux; Spanish: Reunión de expertos sobre las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de la gente de mar a bordo de buques de registro internacional) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2002. v, 38p. Illus. (Report I); i, 101p. Illus. (Report II); v, 7p. (Supplementary paper). (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: Since its creation in 1919, the ILO has adopted more than 50 conventions and recommendations relating to the working and living conditions of seafarers. However, substantial variations in living and working conditions continue to exist between vessels operating under different flags. The objective of this report was to document current practice regarding regulations which protect seafarers at work. A questionnaire on working conditions, recruitment issues, conditions of employment, repatriation and health and welfare was sent to 60 ILO member states. Case reports from the following countries are included: Denmark; India; Isle of Man; Panama; Philippines. The report concludes in favour of continued regulation at the national and international levels and calls for better enforcement of existing regulations. (101500)
CIS 03-259 Enterprise-level success factors using the example of the retail sector. (German: Betriebliche Erfolgsfaktoren am Beispiel des Handels) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2001. 160p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 28.50., ISBN 3-89701-771-7 (In German) Internet: Proceedings of a conference on enterprise-level success factors with respect to occupational safety and health in the retail sector, held in Düsseldorf, Germany, 14-17 May 2001. Topics: future trends; optimizing the interfaces in distribution logistics, innovative approaches for improved enterprise-level value chain performance; occupational safety and health as an integral part of human resource policy; designing and implementing occupational safety and health in the retail sector, including through the involvement of trade unions; cooperative prevention concepts in the retail sector; innovative questions concerning occupational safety and environmental protection in the logistics chain. (101163)
CIS 03-260 Children working in industrial sites and TİSK activities on child labour. Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TİSK), Meşrutiyet Cad. No.1, K.4-5, 06650 Kizilay, Ankara, Turkey, June 2002. 59p. Illus. (In English) Internet: This booklet published jointly by the Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TİSK) and the International Labour Office (ILO) describes the activities being carried out by the TİSK within the framework of the ILO International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour. Contents: child labour indicators in Turkey; legal framework; TİSK and its activities on child labour; TİSK views and proposals on child labour. (101060)
CIS 03-261 Safety and health concerns of working persons with disabilities - Report of Proceedings #3. Sebastian L.P., Tubelonia R.M., Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, July 2002. 16p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Summary of the discussions during a workshop on disabled persons at work, held at Quezon City, Philippines, 22 July 2002. Topics covered: employability; problem of lack of qualifications; safety and health concerns; improvements of premises (signs, passageways, handrails, slippery floors; ramps, guarding of machinery); safety and health tips; preventing lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer); case descriptions of disabled workers (visually-impaired workers, workers with amputated arms or legs). (101371)
CIS 03-262 Managing health and safety in dockwork. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. iv, 28p. 29 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-2020-4 (In English) Internet: Many dock workers are injured or killed at work each year in the United Kingdom. This guidance is aimed at all persons involved in dock operations or who supply labour for dock work. It explains the specific safety and health duties and shows how cooperation, coordination and the control of contractors can help managing safety successfully. Topics covered: employers' responsibilities towards their own employees, temporary workers, workers from a labour supplier and with respect to training; information on the risks; cooperation and coordination of safety management with other employers; controlling contractors; risk assessment; particular responsibilities; key questions to all employers. Relevant legislation is included in an appendix. (101046)
CIS 03-263 A guide to the Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Sep. 2002. iv, 48p. Illus. 24 ref. Price: GBP 10.50., ISBN 0-7176-2572-9 (In English) Internet: This guide presents the text of the Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (Management and Administration) Regulations 1995 (see CIS 95-804) along with appropriate guidance. Main provisions concern: definition of offshore installations; places and activities to which the Regulations apply; notification of authorities; duties and rights of installation managers; co-operation requirements; record keeping; permits to work; requirements for written health and safety instructions; arrangements for effective communication; safety of helicopter deck operations; operational information requirements; health surveillance; supply drinking water and other provisions; identification of the offshore installation; employers' liability. Replaces CIS 95-1717. (101148)
CIS 03-264 Caring for cleaners - Guidance and case studies on how to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2003. vi, 66p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-2682-2 (In English) Internet: Aimed at all persons involved with the management of health and safety in the cleaning services sector, this document provides guidance on recognizing and controlling the manual handling and upper limb risks faced by cleaners at work. 16 case studies and useful tips are presented, showing how certain organizations have reached a simple and ergonomic solution. In appendices: checklists (required equipment, maintenance of equipment, work postures, worker's workplace and environment assessment, work and organization assessment); questionnaire for the assessment of cleaner's musculoskeletal symptoms. (101233)
CIS 03-265 Managing health and safety at recreational dive sites. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2003. iii, 48p. Illus. 43 ref. Price: GBP 10.50., ISBN 0-7176-2218-5 (In English) Internet: This booklet provides guidance for persons involved with the management of safety and health at recreational dive sites, and is aimed primarily at site owners and operators. It describes the main risks at dive sites and recommends a series of steps that can safeguard the health and safety of employees, divers and other visitors to the site. The guidance applies to any expanse of water such as lakes, private beaches or harbours where access to divers is controlled as part of a business. Appendices include relevant legislation. (101458)
CIS 03-266 BG Principles - Accreditation of experts for the inspection of safety installations and machinery used in theatrical productions. (German: BG-Grundsätze - Ermächtigung von Sachverständigen für die Prüfung von sicherheitstechnischen und maschinentechnischen Einrichtungen in Veranstaltungs- und Produktionsstätten für szenische Darstellung) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburgerstrasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, July 1999. 7p. (In German) Internet: This document reproduces the full text of guideline BGG 912-1 of the German mutual occupational accident insurance association concerning the principles of accreditation in Germany for experts for the inspection of safety installations and machinery used in theatrical productions. Contents: process of accreditation; qualifications; duties of experts; duration of the validity of the accreditation; withdrawal of the accreditation. An example of an accreditation application form is appended (see also CIS 03-267). (101221)
CIS 03-267 BG Principles - Inspections of safety installations and machinery used in theatrical productions. (German: BG-Grundsätze - Prüfung von sicherheitstechnischen und maschinentechnischen Einrichtungen in Veranstaltungs- und Produktionsstätten für szenische Darstellung) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburgerstrasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, July 1999. 28p. Illus. (In German) Internet: This document reproduces the full text of guideline BGG 912 of the German mutual occupational accident insurance association on the inspection of safety installations and machinery used in theatrical productions. Contents: scope; definitions; responsibilities of company management and experts; types of inspection (before commissioning, following important modifications, inspections by experts, regular inspections, subsequent inspections); presentation of the inspection results. Appendices include a list of items to be checked during the visual verification of proper operation, and related directives, rules and standards (see also CIS 03-266). (101222)
CIS 03-268 PDP - ILO Portworker Development Programme. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, [c2002]. CD-ROM. 15min video (mpeg format). (In English) Internet: A high level of productivity can be achieved in ports only with the help of planning and operating systems and by investing in worker training. The ILO has put together a systematic training programme entitled "Portworker Development Programme" (PDP) aimed at helping the management of container terminals in developing the skills of their workers. This CD-ROM contains a video document presenting the training materials of the programme. A videotape on the same topic is analysed under CIS 03-269. (101351)
CIS 03-269 PDP - ILO Portworker Development Programme. (French: PDP - Programme de développement du personnel portuaire; Spanish: PDP - Programa de desarollo para trabajadores portuarios) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, [c2002]. Videotape VHS PAL. (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: A high level of productivity can be achieved in ports only with the help of planning and operating systems and by investing in worker training. The ILO has put together a systematic training programme entitled "Portworker Development Programme" (PDP) aimed at helping the management of container terminals in developing the skills of their workers. This videotape presents the training materials of the programme. A CD-ROM-based video on the same topic is analysed under CIS 03-268. (101359)
CIS 03-270 An innovative approach of risk planning for space programs. Ray P., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, July 2000, Vol.26, No.1, p.67-74. Illus. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: According to the current rule-based risk management approach at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the effort is directed to contain all identified risks of a programme. The identification of hazards and mitigation efforts proceed along with the development of the system hardware, till all the tradable resources for a programme are exhausted. No conscious effort is made to evaluate risks and associated cost, and the final design is likely to have undesirable residual risks. This approach also results in allocating a significant amount of resources to gain only marginal mitigation of hazard and leave some undesirable hazards in the system due to the budget limitation. The approach in the proposed knowledge-based risk planning system makes a conscious attempt to trade risk with other resources, such as schedule, cost, reliability and performance in a judicious and cost-effective way. (101159)
CIS 03-271 Working at screens in a reclined position?. (German: Bildschirmarbeit - im Liegen!?) Zeller M., Computer-Fachwissen, July 2001, No7, p.8-11. Illus. (In German) Internet: Postures adopted during work at computer screens while seated at a desk induce a tensing of muscles, which in turn gives rise to poor blood irrigation and pulmonary ventilation. This article discusses the ergonomics of various unusual attitudes for working at screens, in particular the reclined or semi-reclined postures which have the quality of reducing muscular tension. The screen and keyboard positions are discussed, as well as those of document holders when present. Various types of keyboards are presented, including some at the prototype stage such as split keyboards, vertical split keyboard and mobile keyboards with a reduced number of keys, where some letters require the simultaneous depression of several keys. (101230)
CIS 03-272 Psycho-ergonomic analysis of the interaction between man and new information and communication technologies. (French: Analyse psychoergonomique de l'interaction entre l'homme et les NTIC) Brangier E., Bobillier Chaumon M.E., Cybis de Abreu W., Michel G., Pino P., Ribert C., Ribert-Van de Weerdt C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.189, p.15-25. 44 ref. (In French) Internet: This article presents a collection of research activities regarding the relationship between man and digital environments, in both occupational settings and at home. It begins with a description of the concept of digital environment, then reviews current theories and describes four research projects in this field: changes in the programming environment among information technology specialists; enriching the capacity for communication among terminally-ill patients; evaluating the effectiveness of technological tools in telecommunication maintenance work; pitfalls of electronic ballots, illustrated by an example in Brazil. (101322)
CIS 03-273 Health and safety implications of virtual reality: A review of empirical evidence. Nichols S., Patel H., Applied Ergonomics, May 2002, Vol.33, No.3, p.251-271. Illus. 83 ref. (In English) Internet: Many papers have been published on human factors associated with virtual reality (VR). Despite developments in technology, participants occasionally experience VR-induced symptoms and effects such as sickness, but in most cases these effects are mild and subside quickly. This paper makes a number of recommendations regarding the future direction of research into the safety and health implications of VR, including the need to take into account the way in which VR is being used when conducting empirical research. Studies should consider both effects and their consequences, ensure that empirical trials reflect the actual likely context of VR use, consider interactions between effects and consider ways in which effects can be managed. (101403)
CIS 03-274 Filtration in industrial hygiene. Brown R.C., AIHA Journal, Sep.-Oct. 2001, Vol.62, No.5, p.633-643. Illus. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: Filters used in industrial hygiene are of two basic types: particulate and vapour. Each gives negligible protection against the other hazard. Most particulate filters are made from fibres, and finer fibres result in higher efficiency. Most vapour filters are made from granules of activated carbon, which have an extremely large effective surface area where molecules of contaminant are adsorbed. The performance of all filters tends to alter as the filter material becomes loaded. It is important that the choice of a filter should be made with close reference to the situation in which it is to be used, and optimum respiratory protection should be sought, rather than maximum filtration efficiency. Special problems of filters are illustrated by case histories, and finally the use of filters as size selectors for dust samplers is briefly described. (101038)
CIS 03-275 Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure of workers on a contaminated site: Influence of exposure conditions. Dor F., Haguenoer J.M., Zmirou D., Empereur-Bissonnet P., Jongeneelen F.J., Nedellec V., Person A., Ferguson C.C., Dab W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.391-397. Illus. 41 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of the study was to determine the exposure levels of workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on gasworks sites through the measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Start-of-shift and end-of-shift urine samples were collected during five consecutive days, once in November and a second time in June. Four groups of workers were selected according to their activity. Increased exposure was only found among workers involved in the remediation of a site, with levels of 0.16 to 2.31µmol/mol creatinine, while the median level among the nonsmoker referent group was 0.02µmol/mol creatinine. Smokers had greater exposure levels than non-smokers in every group. It is concluded that this method allows the assessment of exposure of persons on contaminated soil on the condition that the exposed subjects be in direct contact with the soil. (101052)
CIS 03-276 Hazardous materials events: An industrial comparison. Burgess J.L., Kovalchick D.F., Harter L., Kyes K.B., Thompson J.N., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.42, No.5, p.546-553. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: A retrospective review by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes was conducted on non-petroleum hazardous materials emergency events from 1993 to 1995 in the state of Washington. Annual US Census data were used to determine the number of facilities and employees by SIC code. In three years, 1269 events were recorded, with 294 involving human victims. Industries with the highest average annual number of events per 10,000 employees were agricultural chemical manufacturing (142), petroleum refining (122), industrial chemical manufacturing (56), electric light and power (54), and pulp, paper, and paperboard mills (39). (101057)
CIS 03-277 Exposure of Russian phenoxy herbicide producers to dioxins. Ryan J.J., Schecter A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2000, Vol.42, No.9, p.861-870. Illus. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: Blood samples of workers who worked during the 1960s at a phenoxy herbicide plant in the Bashkortostan region of Russia were collected in 1992 and analysed by GC-MS. 34 workers who manufactured 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) had median blood lipid 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations of 166ng/kg and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachloro-p-dioxin (PnCDD) levels of 52ng/kg. These values are 10 to 30 times higher than contemporary normal levels from the Bashkortostan region and were at least 10-fold higher in the 1960s. Six workers who produced the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) also had elevated levels in 1992, with PnCDD levels higher than those of TCDD. Children of some of the workers and factory administrative personnel also had blood levels of TCDD higher than most general population groups from other parts of Russia or from other countries. No correlation was found between chloracne status in 1965 to 1967 and TCDD or toxic equivalent blood lipid concentrations in 1992. These phenoxy herbicide workers appear to have some the highest dioxins levels of any cohort studied to date. (101071)
CIS 03-278 Mycotoxins as mutagens and carcinogens: Possibilities for disease prevention. Wild C.P., Anwar W.A., Lehtinen S., eds., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1993, Vol.3, Suppl.2, p.1-60 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of an African regional conference on the prevention of diseases due to mycotoxins held on 23-26 January 1993 in Cairo, Egypt. Contents: mycotoxins as mutagens and carcinogens; environmental toxicology of microbial carcinogens; fumonisins produced by Fusarium monoliforme in maize, food-borne carcinogens of pan-African importance; health hazards associated with the consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food in Sudan; mycotoxin research in Nigeria; aflatoxin as a human hepatocarcinogen and the possible interaction with hepatitis B virus; toxicological significance of mixtures of fungal toxins in food; monitoring and control strategies for mycotoxins; decontamination and detoxification of aflatoxins; aflatoxins and human disease epidemiological issues. (101087)
CIS 03-279 Relationship between blood lead levels and renal function in lead battery workers. Wang V.S., Lee M.T., Chiou J.Y., Guu C.F., Wu C.C., Wu T.N., Lai J.S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2002, Vol.75, No.8, p.569-575. 40 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood lead (PbB) levels and renal function indices of blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC) and uric acid (UA) among lead battery industry workers with exposure to lead. 229 workers of both genders from two lead battery factories were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Personal airborne and blood samples were collected on the same day. A positive correlation between PbB levels and individual renal function index of BUN, SC, and UA was found. PbB levels and renal function indices showed significant difference between male and female workers. An increment of 10µg/dL PbB produced an increase of 0.62mg/dL BUN and an increase of 0.085mg/dL UA. For all workers, there was a significant dose-response relationship between PbB and BUN and UA levels. It is suggested that blood-urea nitrogen and uric acid be considered as indicators of renal dysfunction in lead-exposed workers. (101268)
CIS 03-280 Determination of carbon disulfide at the workplace by sampling on charcoal tubes - Problems and solutions. Göen T., Müller J., Angerer J., Drexler H., AIHA Journal, Sep.-Oct. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.659-663. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of the study was to check the reliability and comparability of different analytical methods for ambient monitoring of carbon disulfide (CS2). A stationary sampling system, consisting of a charcoal sampling tube and pump, and two personal sampling systems, consisting of a charcoal sampling tube and a portable pump and of a diffusive charcoal sampler were compared. For passive sampling, the recovery was determined by three different techniques. For a sampling time of six hours, the limit of quantification was 0.2ppm for the personal sampling and 0.01ppm for the stationary sampling system. The within-series precision was between 5 and 8%. For personal sampling, the between-series precision was between 9 and 12% using a passive sampler. The recovery ranged between 45 and 85% depending on the quotient of eluent volume and charcoal mass. The comparison of the two personal sampling methods in a field study using linear regression showed an excellent concordance of the methods. However, it was found that the method for determining air levels of CS2 by passive sampling was associated with high systematic errors, resulting in the possibility of highly underestimated CS2 exposure data. (101280)
CIS 03-281 Trends in levels of inhalable dust exposure, exceedance and overexposure in the European carbon black manufacturing industry. van Tongeren M.J.A., Kromhout H., Gardiner K., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2000, Vol.44, No.4, p.271-280. 39 ref. (In English) Internet: This study investigates the relationship between exposure to carbon black and respiratory morbidity within the carbon black manufacturing industry in Western Europe. 8015 personal inhalable dust exposure measurements were taken between 1987 and 1995. Results show that inhalable dust exposure was reduced significantly since the early years of the study. However, the reduction of exposure was not equal across all factories. When all factories were considered together, the probability of exposures above 3.5mg/m3 was 10% or less for all job categories during the recent years of the study. However, when the factories were considered separately, it appeared that the probability of overexposure was in excess of 10% for certain job categories in a number of factories. (101283)
CIS 03-282 Forensic toxicology in urban South Africa. Stewart M.J., Moar J.J., Mwesigwa J., Kokot M., Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, June 2000, Vol.38, No.4, p.415-419. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: This article analyses the pattern of deaths due to poisoning in South Africa over the period 1991-1996, using data from the Forensic Science Service Laboratory. 5485 records were studied. In 2272 (40%) of the cases, a positive finding other than alcohol, nicotine or caffeine was made. It was found that agricultural chemicals were a major cause of mortality. Among drugs of abuse, combinations of methaqualone and diphenhydramine, or cyclizine and dipipanone contributed a high percentage of cases. Metal poisoning was common, as were cases of poisoning attributed to remedies prescribed by traditional healers. (101285)
CIS 03-283 Endocrine disruptors and occupational hazards. (French: Perturbateurs endocriniens et risques professionnels) Pillière F., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.337-352. 15 ref. (In French) Internet: The theory whereby substances may interfere with the endocrine system has its roots in environmental observations made for several years, such as reproductive anomalies in fish or mollusks (in particular sex alterations in fish in polluted rivers) or changes in the productivity of ecosystems. Effects on human health, such as the deterioration of sperm quality in certain agricultural regions, have also been reported for some time. So far, studies have mainly focussed on reproductive and thyroid effects, very few studies concerning other organs of the endocrine system being available. This review article presents a synthesis of current knowledge of the effects of endocrine disruptors following occupational exposures. Contents: introduction; human effects; occupational hazards; effects of certain classes of chemicals (pesticides, metals, solvents, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls); labelling; hazard evaluation; dissemination of information. (101291)
CIS 03-284 Carbon and graphite fibres - Factors in hazard evaluation. (French: Les fibres de carbone et de graphite - Eléments pour une évaluation du risque) Pettit Moussally S., Le Bâcle C., Vincent R., Guimon M., Roos F., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.353-368. Illus. 31 ref. (In French) Internet: The use of carbon fibres has seen strong growth during the last 20 years in sectors including sport and leisure, aerospace and various industrial applications. New uses are being developed in the oil industry and in the building and transport sectors. This article on carbon fibres covers the following topics: production; uses; experimental toxicology; exposure evaluation; preventive measures. Toxicological data are still sketchy, but it is advised to show caution in view of the propensity of the product for microfibrillation during machining operations. Until further studies are conducted, collective and personal protective measures should be implemented. (101292)
CIS 03-285 Evaluation of chemical hazards and taking OSH into account during the design phase of work tools. (French: Evaluation du risque chimique et intégration de la prévention dès la conception des outils de travail) Durand E., Ganem Y., Leprince A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.92, p.403-416. (In French) Internet: To discuss the issues of chemical hazards and the integration of safety aspects during the design phase, the French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS) invited interested parties to a workshop held on 1-2 July 2002 in Nancy, France. The objectives of the workshop were to present available solutions, to build the inventory of problems that need to be addressed and to explore pathways for future action. This article is a review of the papers presented at this workshop, grouped under the topics of hazard evaluation and the integration of prevention during design. (101295)
CIS 03-286 Electrochemical recycling of acid solutions of aromatic nitro compounds. (Spanish: Reciclado electroquímico de compuestos nitroaromáticos disueltos en medios ácidos) Fernández Sánchez C., Jiménez Jado N.E., Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2002, Vol.22, No.87, p.9-15. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Aromatic nitro compounds are among the most common industrial pollutants. They are used in inks and dyes, in the pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics, and in explosives. In this article, an experimental electrochemical method for the recycling of effluents contaminated with aromatic nitro compounds is proposed, and the influence of various parameters (temperature, current density, electrolyte concentration) and their interactions on the decomposition of these compounds are studied. A comparative study indicated that these parameters do not influence their degradation in sulfuric acid, while the best results are obtained in sulfuric acid concentrations of 96%. Electrochemical methods represent a viable alternative to biodegradation. (101332)
CIS 03-287 Elimination of volatile organic compounds from the interior air of buildings. (Spanish: Eliminación de compuestos orgánicos volátiles del ambiente interior de edificios) Aguado Sierra S., Polo Bamala A.C., Coronas Ceresuela J., Santamaría Ramiro J., Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2002, Vol.22, No.87, p.23-31. Illus. 13 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The pollution of indoor air by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a well-known problem to which there is no single and permanent answer. After reviewing the various methods currently used for limiting the concentration of the VOCs in the indoor air of buildings, this article proposes a new method based on the use of microporous zeolitic membranes. Compared to other processes or other types of membranes, zeolitic membranes have several advantages: they do not saturate and can be operated continuously, they are chemically and thermally stable and experimental results indicate that high filtering efficiencies are possible at reduced costs. These compact and modular membranes could be easily adapted for integration into air conditioning systems. (101334)
CIS 03-288 Degreasing: Solvents under threat of substitution. (French: Dégraissage: les solvants à l'épreuve de la substitution) Brasseur G., Travail et sécurité, Dec. 2002, No.624, p.26-36. Illus. 4 ref. (In French) Internet: Organic solvents have long played an important role in eliminating grease and soil from industrial components, and in surface preparation prior to other operations such as adhesive bonding or soldering. They are increasingly under regulatory scrutiny aimed at their elimination or substitution, due in particular to their volatility and the carcinogenicity of their vapours. Contents of this collection of articles on the substitution of organic solvents used for degreasing: replacement possibilities for chlorinated solvents; opinion of a supplier of degreasing equipment; supercritical CO2 degreasing technique; technique involving the biodegradation of oils; use of aqueous detergents in an aluminium machining workshop; substitution of trichloroethylene by hydrocarbons in a powder metallurgy enterprise. (101362)
CIS 03-289 Fatal poisoning by methylene chloride during the paint-stripping of wood and metals. Clinical and metrological data, literature survey. (French: Intoxication mortelle par le chlorure de méthylène lors du décapage de bois et de métaux. Données cliniques et métrologiques, revue de la littérature) Testud F., Martin O., Charretton M., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.382-387. Illus. 26 ref. (In French) Internet: A 44-year-old paint-stripper was found with no apparent signs of life, lying over a tank over 80% filled with methylene chloride. Despite initially effective resuscitation, death rapidly followed from refractory collapse and multi-organ failure. Postmortem examination evidenced non specific lesions of diffuse visceral congestion. There was no other cause such as trauma, or pre-existing disease, to explain the death. Solvent concentrations reaching 15,000ppm were found above the tank during the enquiry and on-site measurements. The literature review shows that fatal poisoning by methylene chloride is not uncommon. It is due to narcosis, since biotransformation to carbon monoxide plays only a marginal role. Prevention should include a better understanding of the hazards related to this solvent, which are far greater than its long term toxicity. Wearing an air-ventilated hood is the only way to ensure the safety and health of workers working in methylene chloride-containing tanks. (101369)
CIS 03-290 Work in OECD on chemical safety: Approaches for human risk assessment. Koëter H.B.W.M., Visser R., Industrial Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.38, No.2, p.109-119. Illus. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: By harmonizing national approaches to regulations related to chemicals, industry avoids being confronted with a large number of conflicting or duplicative requirements, governments are provided with a common basis for working with each other and non-tariff barriers to trade are reduced. This article presents the initiatives and activities of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) aimed at harmonizing approaches to chemical safety and hazard evaluation. These include the Mutual Acceptance of Data Scheme, Test Guidelines, Good Laboratory Practice and the Environmental Health and Safety Programme. Issues discussed include guidelines for animal experiments, testing of reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity, classification and labelling. (101392)
CIS 03-291 Biomarkers of lead exposure. Sakai T., Industrial Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.38, No.2, p.127-142. Illus. 141 ref. (In English) Internet: This article consists of a literature survey of biomarkers of lead exposure. Blood lead (Pb-B) is representative of soft tissue lead, and most widely used as measures of body burden and absorbed (internal) doses of lead. Urine lead (Pb-U) and plasma lead (Pb-P) increase exponentially with increasing Pb-B under a steady-state situation and reflect recent exposure. Lead in plasma and urine after administration of a chelating agent are useful biomarkers of internal exposure to lead, reflecting the available pool of blood and soft tissue lead. Critical effects in bone marrow arise mainly from the interaction of lead with enzymatic process responsible for haeme synthesis such as the inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and the variation in some metabolite concentrations. Activities of pyrimidine nucleotidase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase in blood are also decreased in lead exposure, and nucleotide contents in blood are altered by lead exposure. These effects of lead on humans can be useful as biomarkers. (101393)
CIS 03-292 Urinary phenylmercapturic acid as a marker of occupational exposure to benzene. Inoue O., Kanno E., Kakizaki M., Watanabe T., Higashikawa K., Ikeda M., Industrial Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.38, No.2, p.195-204. Illus. 35 ref. (In English) Internet: An automated HPLC method to measure urinary phenylmercapturic acid (PMA) was developed allowing approximately 35 PMA determinations per day. It was applied to analysis of end-of-shift urine samples from 152 workers exposed up to 210ppm benzene, 66 workers exposed to a mixture of benzene (up to 116ppm) and toluene and xylenes (up to 118ppm), and 131 non-exposed controls of both sexes. A linear regression was established between time-weighted average intensity of exposure to benzene and urinary PMA, from which it was derived that urinary PMA level is approximately 6.4mg/L after 8-hour exposure to benzene at 100ppm, and that PMA in urine accounts for approximately 0.1% of benzene absorbed. No effects of sex, age and smoking habits of individuals were detected, and the effect of co-exposure to toluene and xylenes at the levels comparable to that of benzene was essentially nil, which indicates an advantage of PMA as a benzene exposure marker over mono to tri-phenolic metabolites or trans,trans-muconic acid. (101394)
CIS 03-293 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene in a multinational cohort of more then 308,000 petroleum workers, 1937 to 1996. Wong O., Raabe G.K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.42, No.5, p.554-568. Illus. 94 ref. (In English) Internet: To determine the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in petroleum workers, cohorts of petroleum workers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Italy, and Finland were identified. The combined multinational cohort consisted of more than 308,000 workers, and the observation period covered an interval of 60 years from 1937 to 1996. A total of 506 NHL deaths were observed, compared with 561.68 expected. Analyses of Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were performed by type of facility and industrial process. SMRs were 0.96 for US refinery workers, 1.12 for non-US refinery workers, 0.64 for gasoline distribution workers, and 0.68 for crude oil workers. Results from individual studies, as well as from the pooled analysis, indicated that petroleum workers were not at an increased risk of NHL as a result of their exposure to benzene or benzene-containing petroleum products in their work environment. (101058)
CIS 03-294 Occupationally related hydrogen sulfide deaths in the United States from 1984 to 1994. Fuller D.C., Suruda A.J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2000, Vol.42, No.9, p.939-942. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: There is no unique code for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning in the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. Therefore, fatalities due to H2S poisoning cannot always be identified easily. In this investigation, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigation records were reviewed for the period 1984 to 1994 for mention of hazardous substance 1480 (H2S). This allowed the highlighting of the occurrence of 80 fatalities from H2S in 57 incidents, with 19 fatalities and 36 injuries among coworkers attempting to rescue fallen workers. Only 17% of the deaths involved enterprises covered by collective bargaining agreements. OSHA issued citations for violation of respiratory protection and confined space standards in 60% of the fatalities. The use of H2S detection equipment, air-supplied respirators and confined space safety training would have prevented most of the fatalities. (101075)
CIS 03-295 Characterization of clinical tolerance to inhaled zinc oxide in naive subjects and sheet metal workers. Fine J.M., Gordon T., Chen L.C., Kinney P., Falcone G., Sparer J., Beckett W.S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.42, No.11, p.1085-1091 Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical tolerance to the acute exposure effects of zinc oxide is accompanied by a reduction in pulmonary inflammation and cytokine responses. Never-exposed subjects inhaled 5mg/m3 zinc oxide for two hours during one or three consecutive days and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage 20 hours after the final exposure. Sheet metal workers inhaled zinc oxide on one day and control furnace gas seven days later. Among never-exposed subjects in whom tolerance was induced, neutrophils and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly decreased compared with subjects who underwent only a single exposure. Sheet metal workers were much less symptomatic, but still experienced a significant increase in plasma IL-6. Clinical tolerance to zinc oxide is accompanied by reduced pulmonary inflammation. These results explain why sheet metal workers are not clinically affected by long-term exposure to zinc oxide fumes at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit. (101133)
CIS 03-296 Non-malignant respiratory diseases and lung cancer among Chinese workers exposed to silica. Cocco P., Rice C.H., Chen J.Q., McCawley M., McLaughlin J.K., Dosemeci M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.639-644. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: To explore whether a medical history for non-malignant respiratory disease contributes to an increased lung cancer risk among workers exposed to silica, data from a nested case-control study involving 29 dusty workplaces in China were analysed. The study population consisted of 316 lung cancer cases and 1356 controls matched by facility type and decade of birth. Smoking was the main risk factor for both lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. Lung cancer risk showed a modest association with silicosis and with cumulative silica exposure, which did not vary by history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis. Among subjects without a medical history for chronic bronchitis or asthma, lung cancer risk was associated with silicosis (odds ratio (OR) 1.6). Among subjects with a medical history for chronic bronchitis or asthma, lung cancer risk was associated with neither silicosis (subjects with chronic bronchitis: OR 0.6; subjects with asthma: OR 0.4) nor with silica exposure. (101154)
CIS 03-297 Effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of solvents on the inner ear: A field study. Sułkowski W.J., Kowalska S., Matyja W., Guzek W., Wesołowski W., Szymczak W., Kostrzewski P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2002, Vol.15, No.3, p.247-256. Illus. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this investigation was to assess the incidence of hearing and vestibular disorders in paint industry workers exposed to a mixture of organic solvents. The study involved 61 exposed workers and 40 age-matched. non-exposed controls. Environmental monitoring and exposure tests showed that exposures to mixtures of ethylbenzene, xylene and tri-methylbenzene isomers were the most significant. During electronystagmographic examinations, symptoms of vestibular dysfunction, as well as the decreased duration, amplitude and slow phase angular velocity of induced nystagmus were observed in 47.5% of the subjects exposed versus 5% of controls. These symptoms were accompanied by sensorineural high frequency hearing loss, together with reduced amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions. A possible mechanism responsible for ototoxicity of solvents is discussed. (101261)
CIS 03-298 Mortality study of workers compensated for asbestosis in Poland, 1970-1997. Szeszenia-Dąbrowska N., Wilczyńska U., Szymczak W., Strzelecka A., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2002, Vol.15, No.3, p.267-278. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: To assess the risk of asbestos-related malignancies among persons with suffering from asbestosis, a cohort composed of 907 men and 490 women for whom asbestosis had been diagnosed in between 1970 and 1997 was identified. The follow-up continued until 31 December 1999. 421 deaths were registered and causes of death were retrieved for 93.3% of the deceased. A significantly increased mortality was observed both in the male (SMR=127) and female (SMR=150) subcohorts. The elevated number of deaths in both subcohorts were noted mainly due to respiratory diseases (SMR 344 for men, 789 for women) malignant neoplasms (SMR 146 for men, 159 for women), including lung cancer (SMR 168 for men, 621 for women) and pleural mesothelioma (SMR 2680 for men, 7207 for women). Taking into account a cumulative dose of fibers, a significantly increased mortality from lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma was found in persons exposed to a dose above 25 f-y/mL. The results indicate that persons with asbestosis are at higher risk of developing malignant neoplasms, especially lung cancer and mesothelioma. (101263)
CIS 03-299 Hand dermatitis as an unsuspected presentation of textile dye contact sensitivity. Giusti F., Mantovani L., Martella A., Seidenari S., Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 2002, Vol.47, No.2, p.91-95. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: From 1996 to 2000, 130 patients with hand dermatitis reacting to one of the seven dyes included in the standard series were identified. In 82 subjects, dermatitis was localized in the hands alone, whereas the other 48 patients had lesions both on the hands and on other skin sites. Disperse Blue and Disperse Orange were the most common sensitizers. Among the 13 subjects allergic to disperse dyes alone, there were three cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis, one child with atopic dermatitis worsening after the use of synthetic fibre garments, four subjects affected by clothing dermatitis, and five individuals occupationally exposed to irritants with a dermatitis involving the hands alone. In the latter, the hands may represent a locus minoris resistentiae, and both induction and elicitation of contact sensitization could be caused by impaired barrier function at a skin site repeatedly exposed to sensitizing garments. (101274)
CIS 03-300 Asbestos exposure and laryngeal cancer. Browne K., Gee B.L., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2000, Vol.44, No.4, p.239-250. 101 ref. (In English) Internet: Studies of workers exposed to asbestos that included data on laryngeal disease are reviewed, together with studies of laryngeal cancers with epidemiological or experimental evidence of associated exposures. Confounding factors of smoking and alcohol intake create major difficulties for the identification of any asbestos or other occupational effects. Smoking and alcohol are independently and synergistically associated with large increases in the relative risk of laryngeal cancer. However, few studies provide details of either habit. Among 24 prospective studies for which a standardized mortality ratio was available, there was a clear excess risk only in one case. In 17 retrospective studies, only two showed a significantly increased risk. Evidence from animal experiments, studies of associations with pleural plaques, and autopsy findings also appear negative or inconclusive. The evidence does not indicate that asbestos exposure increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. (101281)
CIS 03-301 Computed tomography of asbestos-related pleural anomalies. Tiitola M., Kivisaari L., Zitting A., Huuskonen M.S., Kaleva S., Tossavainen A., Vehmas T., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.75, No.4, p.224-228. Illus. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to assess observer agreement in several asbestos-related pleural abnormalities and to define criteria to discriminate between pleural changes in workers with occupational disease, and those in controls. Pleural abnormalities in spiral computed tomography of 602 construction workers with asbestosis or bilateral pleural plaques and 49 controls were reviewed by three radiologists using structured forms. It was found that the extent, calcification and thickness were well-repeatable indicators of benign pleural pathology and their use in future classification systems in computed tomography is recommended. The extent of 45cm2 and the degree of calcification were helpful in discriminating between pleural changes in workers with occupational disease, and those in controls who also presented marked pleural pathology. (101397)
CIS 03-302 Exposure and nasal inflammation in workers heating polyurethane. Littorin M., Welinder H., Skarping G., Dalene M., Skerfving S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 2002, Vol.75, No.7, p.468-474. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: This study involved 38 workers exposed to sprayed or heated polyurethane adhesives (14 with a history of work-related nasal symptoms and 15 referents without such history), together with nine unexposed office workers. Determinations included biomarkers of exposure to methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in urine and nasal lavage fluid, and serum IgG specific for MDI and TDI. Possible nose inflammation and other symptoms were noted. It was found that exposure to sprayed and heated PUR adhesives, especially when heated by gun, was associated with the presence of biomarkers of isocyanate exposure in urine and nasal lavage fluid. Workers with a prior history of nasal symptoms had higher levels of albumin in nasal lavage fluid after work than those who had had no such history. Urinary markers as well as serum IgG-specific for MDI and TDI were associated with increased levels of inflammation and other nasal symptoms. These results indicate that degradation products of polyurethanes induce chronic rhinitis. (101452)
CIS 03-303 Clinical and histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa induced by occupational exposure to sulphuric acid mists. Grasel S.S., Alves V.A.F., da Silva C.S., Cruz O.L.M.., Almeida E.R., de Oliveira E., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.60, No.6, p.395-402. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to assess potential alterations of the nasal mucosa by clinical and histopathological evaluation of workers exposed to sulfuric acid mists at anodizing plants and to correlate the findings with duration of exposure and sulfuric acid concentrations in the air. A total of 52 workers from five plants underwent a clinical evaluation (standard questionnaire, clinical, and ear, nose and throat examination including nasal endoscopy). For the histopathological study, 20 of the 52 subjects (study group) were randomly selected, as well as 11 unexposed subjects (control group), matched by sex, age and smoking habit. Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from the anterior septum mucosa. The histopathological study revealed squamous metaplasia in 79% and atypia in 5% of the study group samples. No association was found between exposure duration and the clinical and histopathological variables, but a significant association was found between sulfuric acid concentrations higher than 200µg/m3 and pale mucosal patches and ulcerations in the exposed subjects. Logistic regression analysis showed that the exposed subjects had a fivefold risk of developing atypia compared with the unexposed subjects. The risk for histopathological lesions increased with higher sulfuric acid concentrations in the air, revealing an exposure-response relation. (101481)
CIS 03-304 Self-contained respirators - Validating the safe operation of devices containing electronic circuitry. (French: Appareils de protection respiratoire autonomes - Validation de la sûreté de fonctionnement des appareils comportant des circuits électroniques) Klein R., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.189, p.27-33. Illus. 12 ref. (In French) Internet: Self-contained insulated open-circuit compressed air respirators increasingly use electronic devices to replace pneumatic manometers and whistle alarms. Electronic alarms allow the design of lighter respirators having improved performance and capable of supplying more information to the user. However, there are currently no standards for evaluating the reliability of electronic alarms. This article is aimed at standardization specialists, equipment designers and certification bodies. It proposes solutions to problems of reliability of the electronic circuitry in self-contained respirators, in particular by taking design requirements into account and by applying a validation method. (101323)
CIS 03-305 Pesticides. Somavía J., He F., Chen S., Nguyen A.N., Dang Q.N., Saiyed H.N., Bhatnagar V.K., Kashyap R., Maroni M., Colosio C., Fait A., Visentin S., Kangas J., Tuomainen A., Lehtinen S., Fulekar M.H., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1999, Vol.6, No.3, p.59-83 (whole issue). Illus. 77 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of pesticides. Contents: health effects of pesticide exposure and approaches to prevention; good practices in the use of pesticides in agricultural production; impact of pesticide use in India; health effects of occupational exposure to pesticides in developing countries and strategies for prevention; occupational exposure and biological monitoring of pesticides. Other topic: problems relating to the import of hazardous wastes and their handling in ports in India. (101092)
CIS 03-306 Knowledge, attitude, practice, and toxicity symptoms associated with pesticide use among farm workers in the Gaza Strip. Yassin M.M., Abu Mourad T.A., Safi J.M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2002, Vol.59, No.6, p.387-393. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: To assess knowledge, attitudes, work practices and health symptoms associated with pesticide use in the Gaza Strip, questionnaire responses of a cross section of 189 agricultural workers were analysed. Pesticides were used extensively. Workers reported high levels of knowledge on the health impact of pesticides, and moderate to high levels of knowledge on symptoms related to pesticide exposure. Most workers were aware of protective measures, but the use of these measures was poor. Most workers reported symptoms. The most common symptom was a burning sensation of the eyes and face. The highest prevalence of self reported symptoms was found among workers who returned to sprayed fields within one hour of applying pesticides. Prevention programmes involving the adoption of protective measures and the monitoring of the health status of farm workers should be implemented. (101242)
CIS 03-307 A clinical neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological study of sheep farmers and dippers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Jamal G.A., Hansen S., Pilkington A., Buchanan D., Gillham R.A., Abdel-Azis M., Julu P.O.O., Al-Rawas S.F., Hurley F., Ballantyne J.P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2002, Vol.59, No.7, p.434-441. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to highlight clinical diseases of subjects with abnormal indices of peripheral neuropathy identified in an earlier field study of sheep farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides during dipping. This case-control study (79 subjects) was nested within the cross sectional study (685 subjects) of sheep farmers from the field study. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of the absence, possibility or certainty of signs of neuropathy. The incidence of clinical neuropathy based on nerve conduction measurements was 7% in the "without neuropathy" group and 52% in the probable or definite neuropathy group. Sensory abnormalities were found more often than motor deficits. Small diameter nerve fibres were also affected more than large fibres. Increasing severity of neuropathy was associated with anxiety and depression as measured in the neuropsychological tests. (101256)
CIS 03-308 Crab allergen exposures aboard five crab-processing vessels. Beaudet N., Brodkin C.A., Stover B., Daroowalla F., Flack J., Doherty D., AIHA Journal, Sep.-Oct. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.605-609. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: A cross-sectional survey of five crab-processing vessels was conducted in order to evaluate crab allergen concentrations and respiratory symptom prevalence among workers. Crab allergen concentrations were quantified during specific work activities with 25 personal air samples collected on PTFE filters and analysed by a competitive IgE immunoassay technique. Questionnaires were used to assess respiratory symptoms suggestive of bronchitis or asthma in 82 workers. Aerosolized crab allergen concentrations ranged from 79ng/m3 to 21,093ng/m3. A significant percentage of workers reported respiratory symptoms during the crab-processing season: cough (28%), phlegm (11%), and wheeze and other asthma-like symptoms (4%). Despite variations in crab allergen levels, respiratory symptom prevalence was similar across all job categories. (101278)
CIS 03-309 International pesticide use. Osorio A.M., Penagos G.H., Miranda J., Lundberg I., McConnell R., Delgado E., Cuadra R., Torres E., Wesseling C., Keifer M., Ahlbom A., Moon J.D., Rosenstock L., Hogstedt C., Mekonnen Y., Agonafir T., Cantor A., Young-Holt B., London L., de Grosbois S., Kisting S., Rother H.A., Mergler D., Goldman L.R., Richter E.D., Terracini B., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 2002, Vol.8, No.1, p.1-75 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Contents of this special issue on the international use of pesticides: surveillance systems for pesticide intoxications; contact dermatitis from pesticides in banana plantation workers; grip and pinch strength impairment after acute pesticide poisonings; long-term neurobehavioral effects of mild pesticide poisonings; pesticide effects on the respiratory health of farm workers; pesticide-related symptoms of farm workers in rural Honduras; pesticide health consequences of pesticide exposure for women in developing countries; international impact of pesticides on children; carcinogenicity of pesticides. (101409)
CIS 03-310 Respiratory symptoms and functional status in workers exposed to silica, asbestos and coal mine dusts. Wang X.R., Christiani D.C., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.42, No.11, p.1076-1084. Illus. 34 ref. (In English) Internet: Respiratory symptoms and lung function were studied in 220 silica, 227 asbestos and 551 coal mining workers. Data included responses to questionnaires, results of pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs. Significantly poorer pulmonary function and a higher prevalence of dyspnoea and chronic cough were observed in workers with pneumoconiosis, irrespective of dust type. Workers with stages II and III silicosis had worse pulmonary function and more symptoms than workers with equivalent coal workers' pneumoconiosis or asbestosis. Reductions in single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms were associated with increasing stages of silicosis, asbestosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Despite the difference in degree and pattern of exposure to different fibrogenic dusts, respiratory impairments of all of the workers were associated with the presence and progression of parenchymal fibrosis and smoking. (101132)
CIS 03-311 Estimating factors to convert Chinese "total dust" measurements to ACGIH respirable concentrations in metal mines and pottery industries. Gao P., Chen B.T., Hearl F.J., McCawley M.A., Schwerha D.J., Odenkrantz J., Chen W., Chen J., Soderholm S.C., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, June 2000, Vol.44, No.4, p.251-257. Illus. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: Historical data on the dust exposures of Chinese workers in mining and pottery industries are being used in an ongoing epidemiological study to investigate the exposure-response relationship for silicosis, lung cancer and other diseases. Total particle concentrations were determined by a Chinese method, which does not provide data on particle size distribution. Therefore, in order to assess these exposures in light of American respirable dust exposure standards, conversion factors are needed to convert total dust concentrations to respirable dust concentrations. In order to estimate these factors, more than 100 airborne dust samples were collected in 20 mines and nine pottery factories in China during 1988 and 1989. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, a mean conversion factor of 0.25±0.04, was derived for all the job titles and industries, enabling respirable dust levels to be estimated from the historical total dust concentrations collected between 1952 and 1992. (101282)
CIS 03-312 Acute respiratory effects of exposure to stainless steel and mild steel welding fumes. Sobaszek A., Boulenguez C., Frimat P., Robin H., Haguenoer J.M., Edme J.L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2000, Vol.42, No.9, p.923-931. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: This study examined the acute respiratory effects of welding fumes by measuring the across-shift changes in a population of 144 stainless steel (SS) and mild steel (MS) welders and 223 controls. Pulmonary function tests were performed at the start and at the end of the work shift. Higher decreases in forced vital capacity (FVC) and in one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were found among SS workers compared to MS welding. Moreover, the across-shift decreases in FEV1 and FVC, were more apparent for the manual metal arc welding process compared to inert gas techniques. It was also found that the years of SS welding exposure had an effect on lung function variations during the work shift. SS welders with 20 years of activity had more significant across-shift decreases than MS welders with a similar length of exposure. (101074)
CIS 03-313 Exposure to asbestos fibres during vehicle maintenance. (Spanish: Exposición a fibras de amianto en operaciones de mantenimiento de vehículos) Crespo Poyatos J., Galán Cortés J., Bernier Herrera F., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2002, No.21, p.11-21. Illus. 14 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: During vehicle maintenance work, workers are exposed to asbestos fibres (chrysotile) when working on brakes or the clutch. The objective of this study was to identify the nature of the fibres that were present in friction elements of vehicles and to determine the level of exposure of workers to asbestos during operations giving rise to a liberation of asbestos fibres in workplace air. An analysis of friction materials and fibre types was carried out, and air samples were collected from 24 workshops. Results confirm the established tend towards the substitution of asbestos. Chrysotile was present in 30% of the clutch disk and 41% of brake shoe samples analysed. 57% of the air samples contained either no asbestos or negligible concentrations. When asbestos fibres were present, their concentrations were below legal limits. (101339)
CIS 03-314 Latex allergy among construction workers. Conde-Salazar L., Gatica M.E., Barco L., Iglesias C., Cuevas M., Valks R., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 2002, Vol.47, No.3, p.154-156. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: A total of 230 construction workers who attended the dermatology department of a university clinic between 1996 and 2000 were studied. 54 (23.5%) patients reported intolerance to rubber gloves or boots and were subjected to skin tests. Latex-specific IgE levels were measured when latex prick tests were positive. 16 patients (7%) had a positive prick test to latex, of whom 14 (6.1%) had allergic contact urticaria from latex. The level of latex-specific IgE was greater than 0.35kU/L in 15 of the 16 patients. In conclusion, the incidence of latex allergic contact urticaria may be as high in construction workers as in health care workers. Most of these construction workers had a concurrent hypersensitivity to chromate or rubber chemicals which may have facilitated sensitization to latex. (101469)
CIS 03-315 Radiographic abnormalities among construction workers exposed to quartz containing dust. Tjoe Nij E., Burdorf A., Parker J., Attfield M., van Duivenbooden C., Heederick D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.60, No.6, p.410-417. Illus. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: Construction workers are exposed to quartz-containing respirable dust at levels that may cause fibrosis in the lungs. To measure the extent of radiographic abnormalities among construction workers primarily exposed to quartz-containing dust, a cross-sectional study on radiographic abnormalities indicative of pneumoconiosis was conducted among 1339 construction workers mainly involved in grinding, (jack)-hammering, drilling, cutting, sawing and polishing. Radiological abnormalities were determined by median results of the 1980 ILO system of three readers. Questionnaires were used for assessment of occupational history, presence of respiratory diseases, and symptoms and smoking habits. An abnormality of ILO profusion category 1/0 and greater was observed on 10.2% of the chest radiographs, and profusion category of 1/1 or greater on 2.9% of the radiographs. The average duration of exposure of this group was 19 years and the average age was 42. The predominant type of small opacities is presumably indicative of mixed dust pneumoconiosis. The prevalence of early signs of nodular silicosis was low (0.8%). An association between radiographic abnormalities and cumulative exposure to quartz-containing dust from construction sites was observed, after correction for potentially confounding variables. (101482)
CIS 03-316 Simple mechanical joints for dangerous substances?. (German: Einfache Gleitringdichtungen für gefährliche Medien?) Benra F.K., Umwelt, June 2001, Vol.31, No.6, p.42-44. Illus. 5 ref. (In German) Internet: Mechanical joints used in chemical plants, refineries or storage tanks are important components of safe operations. They are generally reliable under normal conditions. However, in cases of failure, they could result in the leakage of important quantities of liquids, which depending on their nature could have serious consequences. A team from the University of Duisburg undertook to examine what would happen if mechanical joints were damaged. A test rig was built for this purpose, including a pump for submitting the joints to extreme conditions and to determine the volumes of leaked liquids. Trials were carried out with different types of joints. Results indicate that that mechanical joints are relatively reliable and even in cases where the joint surface is damaged, leakage volumes remain low. (101428)
CIS 03-317 Occupational dermatoses among fibreglass-reinforced plastics factory workers. Minamoto K., Nagano M., Inaoka T., Futatsuka M., Contact Dermatitis, June 2002, Vol.46, No.6, p.339-347. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: Patch tests were carried out on 29 workers involved in fibre-reinforced plastics manufacturing in order to investigate the causes of their skin problems. Of the 22 workers who reported experiencing skin problems, 16 showed positive results to at least one chemical, including six cases of multiple sensitivity. Two showed positive reactions to the unsaturated polyester base resin, six to cobalt chloride, five to benzoyl peroxide, four to methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, two to para t-butyl catechol, one to styrene and one to formaldehyde. After taking into account of the exposures, reported causes by questionnaires and patch test results, seven cases were diagnosed as allergic contact dermatitis due to chemicals, three as irritant contact dermatitis due to chemicals, and three as dermatitis due to mechanical irritation from glass fibre or dust. 18 of the of 29 subjects, including two workers without a history of skin problems, were sensitized to at least one chemical. (101454)
CIS 03-318 Type IV allergy in the food processing industry: Sensitization profiles in bakers, cooks and butchers. Bauer A., Geier J., Elsner P., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2002, Vol.46, No.4, p.228-235. 50 ref. (In English) Internet: To identify the most frequent allergens and sensitization profiles in employees of the food processing industry, patch testing was performed in 873 bakers, cooks and butchers suspected of having occupational allergic contact dermatitis between 1992 and 1999. A final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was made in 213 patients (24.4%). Qualitative and quantitative differences in allergen profiles could be identified. Significantly higher sensitization rates were found in employees in the food processing industry, compared to the total test population, for nickel sulfate (22.4% versus 17.2%), thiuram mix (4.9% versus 2.6%), formaldehyde (3.5% versus 2.1%), and Compositae mix (6.2%, versus 2.4%). Significantly lower sensitization rates were found for thimerosal (4.5% versus 6.9%). For patch testing in food industry workers, the standard, the rubber and the Compositae series are recommended, as well as the specific products to which patients are exposed. (101204)
CIS 03-319 Glove powder in the hospital environment - Consequences for healthcare workers. Edelstam G., Arvanius L., Karlsson G., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.75, No.4, p.267-271. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: Exposure to starch powder from natural rubber latex medical gloves can cause allergy symptoms due to the absorption of latex protein antigens onto the starch powder. A questionnaire was distributed to all employees working within the medical centre of a hospital. The procedure was repeated after the centre had been changed to a powder-free working environment. The focus of the questions was to determine the extent of symptoms that could be associated with glove powder or latex proteins. Responses were compared before and eight months after a new powder-free glove policy was fully implemented. The study pointed out that a relatively high percentage of the hospital workers were suffering from glove-related symptoms. A significant reduction of itching on the hands, hand eczema and upper respiratory-tract disorders was found after the change to a powder-free environment. (101400)
CIS 03-320 Hair dye-sensitized hairdressers: The cross-reaction pattern with new generation hair dyes. Fautz R., Fuchs A., van der Walle H., Henny V., Smits L., Contact Dermatitis, June 2002, Vol.46, No.6, p.319-324. 25 ref. (In English) Internet: Hair dye allergies are a frequent cause of occupational skin disease among hairdressers. Conventional hair dyes contain 4-phenylenediamine (PPD), 2,5-diaminotoluene sulfate (DTS) and 2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine (ONPPD) as allergens. In new generation hair dyes, FD&C and D&C dyes are used in the hair dye formulations. This study investigated the cross-reaction of new generation hair dyes among 40 hairdressers with a known allergy to PPD, DTS or ONPPD. No positive reactions were observed to the single FD&C and D&C dyes. In two hairdressers, doubtful reactions were observed to one or more of the hair dye formulations. The data from this study suggest that for hairdressers sensitized to PPD, DTS or ONPPD, this new generation of hair dyes is a safe alternative. (101453)
CIS 03-321 What do trainee hairdressers know about hand dermatitis?. Ling T.C., Coulson I.H., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 2002, Vol.47, No.4, p.227-231. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: A questionnaire survey of 121 trainee hairdressers from two hairdressing colleges in Britain was conducted, including questions concerning the number and types of hairdressing procedures performed, previous and current medical history, awareness of risks to the skin from hairdressing, and knowledge of hand dermatitis prevention. 17% of the trainees suffered currently from hand dermatitis. This is probably due to the large amount of wet work done by apprentice hairdressers. Two-thirds of the trainees were not aware that atopic eczema predisposed to hand dermatitis. Formal pre-school and pre-employment counselling was limited. Knowledge on hand care among trainees was not often translated into practice, with gloves being worn by only 9% when shampooing and 58% when perming. Prevention of hand dermatitis by education and pre-employment counselling is of fundamental importance. (101470)
CIS 03-322 Prevention of latex allergy among health care workers: Evaluation of the extractable latex protein content in different types of medical gloves. Crippa M., Belleri L., Mistrello G., Carsana T., Neri G., Alessio L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 2003, Vol.44, No.1, p.24-31. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: Since the 1980s, there has been increased use of latex gloves by health care workers and a concomitant increase of irritant and allergic reactions. The total protein content and the latex allergenic protein content of 29 different types of medical gloves commonly used in a hospital were evaluated with the Lowry modified method and the RAST inhibition assay in glove samples and extracts to acquire information useful for preventing latex allergy in hospital personnel. The highest concentrations of total proteins and allergenic latex proteins were found in examination powdered latex gloves and in surgical powdered latex gloves; a significant amount of latex proteins was found in some brands of nitrile gloves. The clear association between the total protein levels and the allergenic latex protein levels suggests that the gloves with highest total protein content have the greatest allergenic potential. Therefore, it is recommended that manufacturing companies provide package inserts including the total protein contents and possibly allergenic latex protein levels They should declare whether they have added latex to their nitrile glove formulation. RAST-inhibition assays directly on glove samples instead of glove extract seems to be a highly reliable and faster alternative for the evaluation of the allergenic potential of latex gloves. (101485)
CIS 03-323 Stress management in men with solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy. Karlson B., Seger L., Österberg K., Åbjörnsson G., Ørbæk P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.670-675. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: Stress management was studied in male patients with solvent induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (TE) of types 2A (TE2A, n=31) and 2B (TE2B, n=26). The patients were compared with a healthy reference group (n=57). Self-reported symptoms according to the 90-item Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90), sense of coherence, coping strategies and level of mastery were measured. As expected, both TE groups reported highly deviating symptoms on most SCL-90 items. The TE2B patients, who had shown cognitive dysfunction reported more use of passive coping strategies, a weaker sense of coherence and a lower degree of mastery. In contrast, the TE2A cases showed only minor deviations from the reference, group in these respects. The results suggest that having a strong sense of coherence, a sense of mastery, and flexible resources, for stress management could be dependent on intact brain functions. (101155)
CIS 03-324 Containment systems - A design guide. Hirst N., Brocklebank M., Ryder M., eds., The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 2002. v, 199p. Illus. 73 ref. Index. Price: GBP 80.00 (+ VAT)., ISBN 0-85295-407-7 (In English) Internet: Manufacturing industries are now producing materials that can have adverse effects on humans or the environment if released even in very small quantities. This is particularly true of the pharmaceutical industry, The term "containment" is used to describe equipment or systems that prevent the release of harmful substances. This publication consists of a practical guide for the design of containment equipment or systems of harmful substances during transfer operations. Contents: containment legislation; occupational hygiene aspects of containment; examples of industrial operations requiring containment; principles for the design of containment systems; development of a containment strategy; types of containment equipment; control of wastes and emissions; operation and maintenance of containment devices; ventilation. (101210)
CIS 03-325 Size of dust particles suspended in workplace air. (Portuguese: O tamanho das partículas de poeira suspensas no ar dos ambientes de trabalho) Meigikos dos Anjos Santos A., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 96p. Illus. 81 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Following a general introduction on the classification of dusts and their effects on the body, this manual provides a concise explanation on what is involved in evaluating occupational exposure to dusts. It describes sampling methods, current threshold limit values (limits recommended by the ACGIH as well as Brazilian limits) and measures aimed at limiting dust. Methods for measuring particle size are described, and a practical example is presented on the determination of particle size distribution of crystalline silica in samples collected in the working environment. Topics for further studies in this field are also proposed. (101023)
CIS 03-326 Catalogue of technical measures against the pollution of workplace air: Ventilation technology - Documentation on air capture installations, air purifying equipment and air inlets. (German: Katalog technischer Maßnahmen zur Luftreinhaltung am Arbeitsplatz: Lufttechnische Maßnahmen - Dokumentation von Erfassungseinrichtungen, RLT-Anlagen und Luftdurchlässen) Biegert B., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2001. 285p. Illus. 13 ref. Price: EUR 22.00., ISBN 3-89701-687-7 (In German) Internet: Presented in the form of a collection of individual sheets, this document contains data on the various commercial ventilation and industrial equipment systems for the prevention of air pollution at the workplace. It consists of four parts: overview of products and elements that can be ordered and installed separately; local exhaust and ventilation systems; examples of equipment installations; examples of systems that allow the passage of air. Each sheet mentions the product name, the manufacturer, the dimensions, the hourly airflow and the product description, its applications, the location where it needs to be installed and other useful information. A buyers' guide in tabular form lists equipment suppliers and installers, together with the area of application of their products. This is the 2nd part of a catalogue, the first part of which covers the design, choice and installation of ventilation equipment. (101423)
CIS 03-327 Assessment of personal inhalation exposure to bitumen fume - Guidance for monitoring benzene-soluble inhalable particulate matter. Bowen C., Urbanus J., CONCAWE, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160 Brussels, Belgium, Sep. 2002. iv, 31p. 35 ref. (In English) Internet: Bitumen fume is defined as the benzene-soluble fraction of inhalable airborne particulate matter. The requirement to sample inhalable particulate matter was adopted in response to the new European standard for biologically-relevant airborne particulates. In 2000, a new limit value for bitumen fume was issued by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (AGCIH), which is now also used in several European countries. This report reviews issues relevant to bitumen fume, including comparative studies of old and new methodologies of exposure evaluation. A new recommended methodology is presented, and the practical aspects of its implementation are discussed. (101003)
CIS 03-328 Recognition of, and differentiation between, adverse and non-adverse effects in toxicology studies. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 2002. 56p. 46 ref., ISBN 0773-6347-85 (In English) Internet: One of the most important quantitative outputs from toxicity studies is the identification of the highest exposure level that does not cause adverse effects to human health. This report reviews the criteria that could be used to guide the consistent interpretation of toxicity studies, and in particular the differentiation between adverse and non-adverse effects. Contents: background and scope; definitions and approaches; interpretation of toxicological data; consequences of using the "no observed effect level" (NOEL) and "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) approaches in risk assessment; conclusions, including a proposed set of coherent definitions. (101004)
CIS 03-329 Derivation of assessment factors for human health risk assessment. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 2003. 86p. 32 ref. (In English) Internet: The human health risk of chemical substances is generally assessed by extrapolation from heterogeneous animal study data to man. In this report, the extrapolation elements used in the process are reviewed in the context of the most recent relevant data. In cases where appropriate substance-specific information is lacking, guidance is provided on the derivation of possible numerical values to account for the uncertainties in defining a safe dose for humans. Contents: background and scope; elements of extrapolation (establishment of the "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL), duration of exposure, route to extrapolation, inter-species and intra-species extrapolation); recommended default assessment factors. (101005)
CIS 03-330 Proposals for accreditation programmes for chemical and toxicological analyses in the field of occupational health applicable to Brazilian conditions. (Portuguese: Proposta de programas de ensaios de proficiência aplicáveis à realidade brasileira em análises químicas e toxicológicas na área de saúde do trabalhador) Tibiriçá Bon A.M., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 171p. Illus. 101 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: In this thesis, two programmes for the accreditation of chemical and toxicological analyses applicable to occupational health are proposed: one concerns the analysis of biological samples, while the other applies to ambient air samples. These proposals are based on an evaluation of several aspects, including: important elements for controlling the factors that have an effect on the variability of the results of chemical and toxicological analyses; comparison between the different quality systems for laboratories; inter-laboratory and accreditation comparison programmes. (101026)
CIS 03-331 Assessment of methods to detect leaks in the casing of room sealed appliances. Hill R.W., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. vi, 61p. Illus. 3 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2259-2 (In English) Internet: Incidents involving the escape of carbon monoxide from central heating boilers occur frequently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate suitable procedures for detecting leaks from the case and seals of pressurized central heating boilers. The following procedures were found to be suited: visual and tactile inspection of the case and seals; smoke tubes to produce smoke for flow visualization; smoke matches to produce smoke for flow visualization; ordinary matches and wax tapers to produce a flame for flow visualization. However, the use of a flue gas analyser is not recommended: it does detect the drop in oxygen concentration or the presence of carbon monoxide due to a leak of combustion products, but may miss the small changes from a boiler burning well but leaking only slightly. (101117)
CIS 03-332 Dioxin exposure from work related activities. Sweetman A., Lee R., Jones K., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. ii, 7p. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2573-7 (In English) Internet: As part of a study on occupational exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), this report covers air monitoring and personal air sampling using portable equipment. Occupational exposure via inhalation was quantified for a variety of industries including aluminium and copper recycling, waste incineration and landfill operation, and these estimates were compared to dietary intake and the Committee on Toxicity Tolerable (COT) daily intake values. Results show that some workers may be exposed to PCDDs and PCDFs in excess of the COT recommended tolerable daily intake via inhalation. (101120)
CIS 03-333 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 52. Ergänzungslieferung, May 2000. 256p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-19402-2 (In German) Internet: Update of the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: update of the Ordinance on dangerous substances; Directive 67/548/EEC on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances; Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations; update of the following technical rules (TRGS): list of maximum permissible concentrations at the place of work (900), list of carcinogens, mutagens and substances having reproductive toxicity (905) and list of sensitizers (907). (101223)
CIS 03-334 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 53. Ergänzungslieferung, Aug. 2000. 246p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-19403-0 (In German) Internet: Update of the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: new NIOSH analytical methods; updates of the Ordinances on chemicals, on prohibited chemicals and on biological substances; Ordinance on major hazards; Directive for writing safety data sheets for dangerous substances and preparations; update of the following technical rules (TRGS): disinfection of premises using formaldehyde (TRSG 522) and sensitizers (TRSG 540); appendices I and II of Directive 88/379/EEC on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations. (101224)
CIS 03-335 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 54. Ergänzungslieferung, Nov. 2000. 264p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-19404-9 (In German) Internet: Update of the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: update of the summary table on NIOSH analytical methods and new published analytical methods; update of the Law on Chemicals, of the Ordinance on prohibited chemicals and the Law on Dangerous Substances; updates of the following technical rules (TRGS): criteria applicable to certain specific processes and substances aimed at ensuring admissible levels in air over the long term (420) and fumigations (512); update of the Law on Protection against Immissions and corresponding Ordinances; update of Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances; Directive 91/155/EEC defining and laying down the detailed arrangements for the system of specific information relating to dangerous preparations; Directive 96/56/EC on the elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs). (101225)
CIS 03-336 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 55. Ergänzungslieferung, Mar. 2001. 238p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-19405-7 (In German) Internet: Update of the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: list of ISO standards on controlling the quality of workplace air and workplaces; directory of European "air quality" standards CEN/TC 264; European directives concerning the accreditation for quality assurance; technical rules applicable to formaldehyde or ethylene oxide fumigations in sterilization or disinfection installations (TRGS 513); update of the following technical rules (TRGS): pollution clean-up and work in contaminated areas (524), handling of substances, preparations and products containing dibenzo-p-dioxines and polyhalogenated dibenzofuranes (557) and maximum admissible concentrations at the place of work (900); aerosols directive 75/324/EEC; Directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work; Directive 2000/39/EC establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values; Directive 1999/92/EC on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres. (101226)
CIS 03-337 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 56. Ergänzungslieferung, Aug. 2001. 238p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-19406-5 (In German) Internet: Update of the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and anti-pollution laws and for the analysis of process gases (CIS 90-955). Contents: update of appendices I and II of the Law on Chemicals (BPL); update of the following technical rules (TRGS): determination and evaluation of hazards from dangerous substances at the place of work (440), general requirements for laboratories (526), maximum admissible concentrations at the place of work (900), values of tolerable concentrations of industrial substances in the body (903) and list of substances classified as being carcinogenic, mutagenic or having reproductive toxicity (905); update of the Law on the Safety of Equipment, the Law on the Protection from Emissions and the Law on Occupational Safety and Health; Directive 2000/69/EC which sets health-based limit values for carbon monoxide and benzene in breathing air; Directive 2000/54/EC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work. (101227)
CIS 03-338 Chemical guide to the Internet. Lee C.C., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 1996. vii 295p. Index., ISBN 0-86587-519-7 (In English) Internet: This book helps the reader to locate needed information on the subject of chemicals and its associated fields on the Internet. It is divided into the following chapters: description of selected organizations; World Wide Web resources by subject; academic institutions; Internet discussion lists; newsgroups and Gopher resources. It Includes over 580 chemical internet sites from United States federal government agencies, chemical and environmental industries, professional organizations and academia. (101238)
CIS 03-339 Inventory of IPCS and other WHO pesticide evaluations and summary of toxicological evaluations performed by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). Evaluations through 2001. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2001. 59p. (In English) Internet: The goal of IPCS activities in the field of pesticides is to identify the type and extent of potential risks to human health arising from the manufacture, transport, use, storage and disposal of pesticides, or the consumption of pesticide residues. For each of the approximately 200 pesticides that have been evaluated to date, the following information is provided (where it exists): CAS registry number; chemical class; use (insecticide, acaricide, herbicide, fungicide, soil fumigant, etc.); reference to IPCS Environmental Health Criteria documents, IPCS Health and Safety Guides, WHO/FAO Data Sheets, IARC reports, WHO Specifications for pesticides used in public health and WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality; prior evaluations by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Replaces CIS 99-1628. (101250)
CIS 03-340 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. World Health Organization (WHO), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 2002. vi, 590p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 40.00., ISBN 92-832-1282-7 (In English) Internet: The following substances are evaluated in this publication with respect to their carcinogenicity in humans: some herbal medicines (aristolochia species and aristolochic acids; rubia tinctorum, morinda officinalis and anthraquinones; senecio species and riddelliine); some mycotoxins (aflatoxins and fumonisin B1); naphthalene; styrene. Herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus aristolochia and naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins are classified in group 1 (carcinogenic in humans); naturally-occurring mixtures of aristolochic acids are classified in group 2A (probably carcinogenic in humans); laxatives containing anthraquinone derivatives, riddelliine, naturally-occurring mixtures of fumonisin B1, naphthalene and styrene are classified in group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans); madder root (rubia tinctorum) is classified in group 3 (cannot be classified as to its carcinogenicity in humans). (101493)
CIS 03-341 The problem of the disposal of used batteries in household waste. (Portuguese: A problemática do descarte de baterias usadas no lixo urbano) Braz de Oliveira M., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 128p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: The objective of this thesis was to propose a programme for the collection and sorting of used batteries that could form the basis for the preparation of draft legislation. Contents: different types of single-use and rechargeable batteries; toxicity of battery constituents for human health and the environment; elimination and recycling of used batteries; existing collection and recycling programmes in various countries (United States, Switzerland, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Japan, Canada, Sweden); proposal of a programme for the collection of used batteries in Brazil. (101014)
CIS 03-342 Hazardous waste handbook for health and safety. Martin W.F., Lippitt J.M., Prothero T.G., Butterworth Publishers, 80 Montvale Avenue, Stoneham MA 02180, USA, 1987. ix, 470p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-409-90070-2 (In English) Internet: This handbook provides guidance to supervisors responsible for occupational safety and health programmes at hazardous waste sites, together with practical information on the protection of workers cleaning up hazardous waste sites and chemical spills. Main topics covered: hazards at waste sites; planning and organization; site characterization; air monitoring; personal protective equipment; site control and work practices; decontamination; site emergencies; medical monitoring program; training. (101236)
CIS 03-343 Safety and health in rural work: The problem of pesticides. (Portuguese: Segurança e saúde no trabalho rural: a questão dos agrotóxicos) Garcia Garcia E., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 182p. 170 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This document reports on the current safety and health situation in agricultural pesticide usage in Brazil. It analyses the impact of pesticides on farming communities, the environment and public health, and highlights the need of informing and training users. Measures for controlling hazards at different levels are reviewed: measures applicable to individuals (personal protective equipment, good work practices and training, limitation of exposure); collective measures (medical surveillance, use of more reliable equipment, limiting the use of pesticides, integrated pest management); legal and economic control measures (government policies, restrictions or prohibitions of use, control of economic factors which influence the consumption of pesticides). Recommendations are made for implementing these measures at various levels. (101013)
CIS 03-344 Pesticides in agriculture and the environment. Wheeler W.B., ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., Charron Road, P.O.Box 5005, Monticello, NY 12701-5185, USA, 2002. x, 330p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 150.00 (Amazon US)., ISBN 0-8247-0809-1 (In English) Internet: This publication describes the current status of knowledge and practice in pesticide use and crop protection issues. Contents: effect of three decades of integrated pest management policy in the United States; biological control; risk assessment; environmental fate of pesticides; pesticide residue procedures for agricultural commodities; pest management issues on minor crops; arthropod resistance to pesticides; new technologies for the delivery of pesticides in agriculture; trends in the crop protection industry. (101209)
CIS 03-345 Pesticide incidents - Report 2001/2002. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 27p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English) Internet: This report provides information on incidents involving pesticides investigated by the Field Operations Directorate of the UK Health and Safety Executive between April 2001 and March 2002. 167 incidents were reported; 63 of these alleged ill health, while 104 environmental and other complaints did not allege ill health. Trends in the nature of the incidents and types of pesticides used are presented, and seven case studies of specific incidents are summarized. (101215)
CIS 03-346 Urban waste - Contamination by paint and varnish residues. (Portuguese: Lixo urbano - Contaminação por resíduos de tintas e vernizes) Ujvari de Teves M.L., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 124p. Illus. 100 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This publication addresses the issue of the hazards of toxic residues of paints and varnishes contained in household waste. It reviews the current situation with respect to the collection of waste and the toxic substances it contains, and formulates proposals for separate collection. Contents: current situation of garbage collection in Brazil; different types of paints and varnishes; toxicity of the constituents of paints and varnishes; contamination by toxic metals; technological innovations aimed at lowering the toxicity of paints and varnishes; legislation concerning garbage collection in the United States, Germany and Canada; proposal for draft legislation on the separate collection of toxic residues. (101024)
CIS 03-347 Amended Safety Data Sheet Directive (2001/58/EC). Dymtrasz B., Falkenback P., Lockwood M., Urbanus J., Wagner W., Wennington J., Whitehead P., CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, June 2002. iv, 31p. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: Commission Directive 2001/58/EC of 27 July 2001 (see CIS 01-961) amends for the second time Directive 91/155/EEC defining and laying down the detailed arrangements for the system of specific information relating to dangerous preparations in implementation of Article 14 of European Parliament and Council Directive 1999/45/EC and relating to dangerous substances in implementation of Article 27 of Council Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23, concerning safety data sheets [SDSs]). European Union Member States are required to comply with the new SDS requirements no later than 30 July 2002. This report comments each of the changes. The full text of the directive is included in an appendix. (101456)
CIS 03-348 Annual report 2001. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2001. 31p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Annual report presenting the financial results, together with the report of activities for the year 2001. Topics covered include: overview of 2001; activities of tasks forces on generic issues and on specific substances; funding of long-term research; input to risk assessment documents; workshops; external collaborations; publications; organization; administration; board members; member companies; financial results. (101301)
CIS 03-349 Exposure assessment methods - Research needs and priorities. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, July 2002. viii, 19p. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: NIOSH has identified research in exposure assessment methods as one of the priority areas for improving worker safety and health in the United States. This report on research needs in the area of exposure assessment methods is the result of collaboration among government, industry, labour unions and universities. Contents: research priorities in study design (data quality, collection, management and analysis); research priorities in the development of monitoring methods (guidelines, biomonitoring, dermal exposure measurement, environmental monitoring, applied toxicology, education and communication). (101304)
CIS 03-350 Guidance for filtration and air-cleaning systems to protect building environments from airborne chemical, biological, or radiological attacks. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2003. xv, 62p. Illus. 66 ref. (In English) Internet: This document proposes preventive measures that building owners and managers can implement to protect building air environments from an airborne chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) terrorist attack. Main topics covered: filtration and air-cleaning principles; recommendations regarding filter and sorbent selection, operations, upgrade and maintenance; economic considerations (initial, operation and replacement costs, cost data). In appendices: description of CBR threats; gas-phase air-cleaning principles. (101234)
CIS 03-351 Use of human data in hazard classification for irritation and sensitisation. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, July 2002. 54p. 101 ref. (In English) Internet: Reference to human data is made throughout European legislation relating to the classification, labelling and risk assessment of substances and preparations. However, no guidance is given on what constitutes acceptable human data. The purpose of this document is to provide such guidance for the classification of substances and preparations with respect to their irritation and sensitization potential. Contents: human data and regulatory guidelines in Europe; classification decisions based on human data; type and quality of human data for classification purposes; proposed criteria for the classification based on human data; current regulatory guidelines in Europe; examples of classification decisions based on human data. (101302)
CIS 03-352 Selection of suitable respiratory protective equipment for work with asbestos. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 2002. 26p.14 ref. (In English) Internet: This guidance is aimed at employers and self-employed contractors in the building industry, at persons working with asbestos-containing insulation materials, including contractors licensed for this work, and at safety representatives. It will help in selecting the appropriate respirators, making sure they are used correctly and maintained in good condition. Contents: why respirators are necessary; when they should be provided; control measures to be applied before resorting to respirators; marking of respirators; selection of respirators; evaluation of concentrations to which workers are exposed; protection factors; facepiece fit testing; consulting employees; maintenance, training and supervision; some common misuses of respirators when working with asbestos. Replaces CIS 99-2014. (101309)
CIS 03-353 Chemical cleaners. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2001. 2p. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note describes the health hazards associated with the use of chemical cleaners used, for example, for cleaning building facades, statues and monuments, and provides safety and health guidance for their use or the supervision of their use. Topics covered: health hazards due to skin contact or inhalation of fumes and mist; informed to be obtained on the damages caused by strong acids and alkalis before their use; precautionary measures (preventing or controlling exposure, use of appropriate protective equipment, personal hygiene); protection of the public; cleaning of scaffolds and equipment after use; spillages; first aid. Reprinted with updated references (replaces CIS 99-2009). (101382)
CIS 03-354 Maintenance and cleaning of solvent degreasing plant. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, rev.ed., Feb. 2003. 6p. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note highlights the risks involved in the maintenance and cleaning of solvent degreasing plants (degreasers), particularly when the tanks are entered, and describes the precautions that need to be taken to do the work safely. Topics covered: risks (health hazards from exposure to organic vapours or liquids and operations where incidents may occur); legal requirements; components of degreasers which need maintenance operations and inspections; clean-out procedure (entry into degreasing tanks; suitable respirators; degreasers in pits; cleaning through sludge doors; cleaning from the top; degreaser entry without breathing apparatus). Replaces CIS 99-248. (101386)
CIS 03-355 Hydroquinone in air: Laboratory method using high performance liquid chromatography. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2003. 5p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 12.00., ISBN 0-7176-2596-6 (In English) Internet: This document describes a laboratory method for the determination of the concentration of hydroquinone in air. Air samples are collected in the breathing zone in a dust sampler backed with a sorbent tube. After desorption into acetonitrile, the samples are analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Contents: legal requirements; health effects, safety and health precautions and exposure limits; principle and scope of the method; sampling equipment; laboratory apparatus; reagents; preparation and collection of samples; sample analysis; calculation of results; method performance; quality control measures; recommendations for the test report (101390)
CIS 03-356 Scientific principles for soil hazard assessment of substances. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, July 2002. 47p. Illus. 61 ref. Price: EUR 125.00 (for non-ECETOC members). (In English) Internet: Compared to atmospheric or water biotopes, soil is extremely heterogeneous, varying in mineral and organic matter content and sizes of particles, aggregates, pores and micropores. It also contains air and water. This creates a wide spectrum of environmental conditions which influence substances in a number of ways, including their bioavailability. There are as yet no criteria for a classification scheme of substances that are toxic to organisms in the soil. This report discusses scientific principles which could be used as a basis for such a classification scheme. Contents: introduction and objectives; identification of the main drivers (toxicity and bioavailability); measurement of terrestrial effects; estimation of terrestrial effects; identification of modifying factors (long-term effects, biodegradation, abiotic degradation, volatilization, leaching), summary and conclusions. (101497)
CIS 03-357 Occupational skin diseases caused by epoxy resins. (French: Les dermatoses professionnelles aux résines époxy) Crépy M.N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2002, No.91, p.297-306. Illus. 75 ref. (In French) Internet: Epoxy resins consist of a broad family of chemicals, with the frequent emergence of new potentially allergenic compounds. They belong to a group of thermosetting plastics and have become one of the most frequent causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Contents of this review article on occupational dermatitis caused by epoxy resins: epoxy resin chemistry; sources and uses; skin toxicity; epidemiology; diagnosis in occupational settings; diagnosis in specialized institutions; prognosis, prevention; compensation. (101415)
CIS 03-358 Guidance on storing pesticides for farmers and other professional users. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2003. 4p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note provides guidance on estimating the size requirements of a pesticide store, the selection of a suitable location, the design and the construction of structures resistant to fire and leakage, the organization of the store, the provision of warning signs, and the use of mobile storage. Additional precautions are given for moisture-activated gassing compounds and oxidizing agents. Reprinted with updated references (replaces CIS 96-1438). (101381)
CIS 03-359 Controlling grain dust on farms. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, rev.ed., Aug. 2001. 3p. 4 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note examines the processes which give rise to grain dust in agriculture and provides guidance on how the dust can be controlled. Topics covered: processes giving rise to grain dust; assessing the in various work environments; action plans to control grain dust; personal protective equipment; legal requirements for dust exposure (10mg/m3 averaged over 8 hours); health surveillance. A table provides levels of dust in the operator's breathing zone for various procedures, as measured in a recent study. (101383)
CIS 03-360 The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2000-2002. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. 58p. 121 ref. Index., ISBN 92-4-154564-X (In English) Internet: This document presents the latest WHO recommendations with respect to the classification of pesticides. Part 1 describes the basis of the WHO system for the classification of pesticides according to their acute risk to health. The classification is based primarily on the acute oral and dermal toxicity to the rat (LD50 values). A table shows LD50 values for each class of pesticide: extremely hazardous, highly hazardous, moderately hazardous and slightly hazardous. The application of the criteria for classification is explained along with the effects of classification on labelling. Part 2 provides lists of products in the four hazard classes and a list of pesticides considered unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use. Further tables are provided for determining the hazard class of a formulation. Update of CIS 00-1076. (101496)
CIS 03-361 Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods - Manual of tests and criteria - Third revised edition - Amendment 1: Lithium batteries [United Nations]. (Arabic: Tausiyāt bi-ša)ni naql al- badā)i( al-ħatira. Dalīl al-iħ tibārāt wa al-ma(ayīr. Al-tab(a al-t alata al-munqiha. Al-ta(dīl 1: batārīāt al-līt īūm; French: Recommandations relatives au transport de marchandises dangereuses - Manuel d'épreuves et de critères - Troisième édition révisée: Amendement 1: piles et batteries au lithium [Nations Unies]; Russian: Rekomendacii po perevozke opasnyh gruzov - Rukovodstvo po ispytanijam i kriterijam - Tret'e peresmotrennoe izdanie - Popravka 1: Litievye batarei; Spanish: Recomendaciones relativas al transporte de mercancías peligrosas - Manual de pruebas y criterios - Tercera edición revisada - Enmienda 1: Pilas y baterías de litio) United Nations, Sales Section, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 3rd rev.ed., 2002. v, 10p., ISBN 92-1-139086-9 (En), ISBN 92-1-239081-1 (fr), ISBN 92-1-339027-0 (es) (In Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish) Internet: The recommendations on test methods and criteria supplement the Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods and the related model regulations (see CIS 01-1792). This amendment to the third revised edition contains corrections and amendments to the classification criteria and testing procedures for lithium batteries. (101499)
CIS 03-362 Controlling fume during plastics processing. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 4p. 7 ref. (In English) Internet: Plastic pellets or powders often include a number of additives such as fillers, pigments, flame retardants and stabilizers. Although the composition of the fume produced during plastics processing depends on the composition of the material, all plastic fumes can cause severe irritation to the eyes, nose and lungs. This information sheet provides guidance on how to control fumes during moulding, extrusion or similar activities. Contents: health hazards; controlling exposure; checklist for minimizing the risk of fume being produced (with respect to material, operating procedures, temperature control and machine maintenance); ventilation; relative humidity level (low levels can cause upper respiratory tract irritation); periodic checks; emergency procedures. (101111)
CIS 03-363 Practical ventilation guide - 12. Woodworking. (French: Guide pratique de ventilation 12 - Deuxième transformation du bois) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., Aug. 1999. 36p. Illus. 32 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0617-6 (In French) Internet: This document is designed to provide practical answers to all persons involved in the design, reception, operation and control of ventilation equipment used in the woodworking industry. It covers only the essential questions relating to ventilation systems and the different particles generated in wood processing workshops such as shavings, sawdust and dusts produced by certain operations. Other hazards such as vapours emitted during varnishing, and the problems of pollutant rejection into the environment, are not addressed. Appendices include relevant French regulations and a glossary. Updates and replaces CIS 92-963. (101114)
CIS 03-364 NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards and other databases. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, June 2002. CD-ROM containing files in HTML and PDF formats. (In English) Internet: This CD-ROM contains a selection of databases and documents that are available on the NIOSH website (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/). In addition, it contains the OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods and the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, which are available on the OSHA website (http://www.osha.gov/) and the Department of Transportation website (http://hazmat.dot.gov/), respectively. The major advantage of accessing the files on this CD is that an Internet connection is not needed. Update of CIS 00-822. (101306)
CIS 03-365 Fire- and flame-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980-1994. Biddle E.A., Hartley D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.430-437. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: The NIOSH National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system recorded 1518 fire-related occupational fatalities among the civilian workforce in the United States between 1980 and 1994. The fatalities resulted from 1221 separate incidents, of which 122 involved more than one victim and accounted for 419 deaths. Nearly four out of ten fatalities resulting from a multiple-victim fire were workers in the manufacturing industry. Similarly, the highest frequency of fatalities in single-victim events, over one fourth, were in manufacturing. Although this study sheds light on selected characteristics of these fatalities, additional research on the causal factors associated with single and multiple victim events is needed to present specific recommendations for prevention efforts. (101053)
CIS 03-366 Electrostatic hazards. Donaldson T., ed., Loss Prevention Bulletin, June 2002, No.165, p.3-17. Illus. (In English) Internet: The discharge of static electricity is a cause of many industrial accidents, particularly in the chemical and process industries where solvents or other flammable or explosive materials are often present in large quantities. This special issue on electrostatic hazards presents several brief case studies and short communications on topics including: safety of air-driven lamps used in hazardous areas; electrostatic hazards of pouring powdered chemicals into vessels; case of a flash fire during filling of an flexible intermediate bulk container; case of a fire at a gas processing plant; loss of a radioactive static eliminator device in a plastics processing plant. (101207)
CIS 03-367 Industrial hazards. (French: Les risques industriels) Seillan H., Vasseron P., Dupuis M.C., Préventique-Sécurité, Sep.-Oct. 2002, No.65, p.4-39. Illus. (In French) Internet: Topics addressed in this collection of articles on major hazards: comment by the Director of the French Department of Pollution and Hazard Prevention; study by the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development presenting the list of technological accidents which occurred in 2002 (overall data, sources of information, types of occurrences, sectors of the economy affected, main classes of chemicals involved, consequences, trends in fatal accidents in France); interview with a responsible person from the French service concerned with the industrial environment; field report in a locality having experienced an important industrial fire close to a "Seveso"-classified facility; consultation and communication using geographic information systems (GISs). (101297)
CIS 03-368 Performance-based design for fire protection: The answer or the problem?. (Spanish: Protección contra incendios basada en el cumplimiento de objetivos: ¿la solución o el problema?) Soria García-Ramos P., Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2002, Vol.22, No.87, p.17-21. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: A new concept is on the point of being introduced into Spanish legislation concerning the protection of buildings against fire, that of performance-based design. This approach is carried out in parallel with the design based on legal requirements. This article describes the principles of this approach and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this new objective, both from the standpoints of building design and building use and maintenance. It highlights the need of a change in thinking among all parties involved in the design, the management and use of a building. (101333)
CIS 03-369 Early hazard identification of chemical plants with statechart modelling techniques. Graf H., Schmidt-Traub H., Safety Science, Oct. 2000, Vol.36, No.1, p.49-67. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: A comprehensive hazard evaluation of a chemical plant is not only highly recommendable but often subject to official approval of construction by national governmental authorities. Since established methods such as hazard and operability (HazOp) studies are mostly carried out manually and therefore still involve many disadvantages, there has been a marked increase in the research of computer-based analysis methods in the last years. This project aims at introducing a new approach to process hazard identification by simulation and analysis. A qualitative plant model formulated as statecharts has to be generated first despite the lack of information at the early design stages. HazOp-like simulations can then be performed. In addition, special safety issues can be addressed by examining the likelihood of reaching dangerous plant states. (101391)
CIS 03-370 A selection of papers from the 10th Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Stockholm, Sweden, June 19-21, 2001. Pasman H.J., ed., Journal of Hazardous Materials, July 2002, Vol.93, No.1. p.ix-x, 1-154 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: This special issue consists of a selection of papers presented at the 10th Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in The Process Industries held in Stockholm, Sweden, 19-21 June 2001. Contents: framework risk assessment and decision-making strategies in dangerous goods transportation; choosing between safety, health and the environment; technological disaster, crisis management and leadership stress; site selection and building of biosafety level 4 laboratories; experimental aerosol and rain-out fraction assessment in the event of an accidental release of a pressurized liquid; investment appraisal using quantitative risk analysis; relation of cool flames and auto-ignition phenomena to process safety at elevated pressure and temperature; investigation into the explosive boiling potential of thermally stratified liquid-liquid systems; auto-ignition hazard of gas mixtures in a urea plant; auto-catalytic decomposition reactions, hazards and detection; case studies of serous accidents in metal refining plants. (101287)
CIS 03-371 Incident-level risk factors for firefighter injuries at structural fires. Fabio A., Ta M., Strotmeyer S., Li W., Schmidt E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.44, No.11, p.1059-1063. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: Firefighting is a demanding occupation, involving many hazardous exposures which can result in traumatic injuries. However, there is little epidemiological evidence quantifying these factors. An incident-level case-control study of National Fire Incident Reporting System data was conducted on the association between firefighter injury and incident characteristics. Risk factors included five or more alarms (odds ratio OR=3.85), number of stories (OR=2.49), and at least one civilian injury (OR=3.69). Risk of injury was reduced for fires originating 49 feet and higher (OR=0.57). This analysis suggests that fire site-specific situations such as the number of stories or a civilian injury increase the risk of firefighter injury. (101467)
CIS 03-372 A case of when, not if. Thornbory G., Occupational Health, June 2002, Vol.54, No.6, p.19-20. Illus. 4 ref. (In English) Internet: This article reviews some of the papers that were presented at a conference entitled "Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism - An introduction for occupational physicians" held in London, United Kingdom, on 17 April 2002. It discusses the psychological and physical effects of terrorist attacks, as well as the role of occupational safety and health practitioners in ensuring that appropriate hazard evaluations are undertaken and preventive strategies implemented. Emergency workers are exposed to physical contaminants at the attack sites, and may suffer from psychological effects long after the attack. It is recommended that occupational safety and health plans take the risk of terrorist attacks into account, and that enterprises coordinate their plans closely with government agencies at the local and national levels. (101206)
CIS 03-373 Explosions. (French: Les explosions) Bastide J.C., Petit J.M., Travail et sécurité, Sep. 2002, No.621, p.41-44. Illus. (In French) Internet: During the period 1990-1999, the number of victims per year of explosions at the workplaceplace remained stable. On average, 320 accidents involving lost time from work occurred every year, of which 60 were severe cases (5 fatalities). For the years 1997-1999, compensation costs (excluding material damages) of occupational accidents involving explosions were estimated at EUR 17.3 million. Several tables present these accident data by year, type, location and nature of injury, and by industrial sector. (101327)
CIS 03-374 Analysis of occupational accidents caused by explosion and fire. (Spanish: Análisis de accidentes de trabajo producidos por explosiones e incendios) Zimmermann M., Maqueda J., Almodóvar A., de la Orden V., Tejedor M., Hervás P., de Vicente M.A., Arévalo A., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2002, No.20, p.22-34. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: Data on occupational accidents due to explosions (n=734) and fires (n=665) that occurred in Spain in 1999 are analysed. Among occupational accidents due to explosions, 76 had serious consequences and eight were fatal. As for occupational accidents due to fires, 48 had serious consequences and eight were fatal. Tables present statistical data by causal agent, by province, as a function of the time in the day and by sector of activity. (101337)
CIS 03-375 Flashing liquid jets and two-phase dispersion - A review. Witlox H.W.M., Bowen P.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. iv, 72p. Illus. 94 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2250-9 (In English) Internet: This report consists of a literature review of current approaches and practices for modelling accidental atmospheric liquid jet releases and subsequent dispersion - including possible rain-out. It considers published models and validation data for atomization, atmospheric expansion to ambient pressure, two-phase dispersion, rainout, pool formation and re-evaporation. Models for the downstream phases of dispersion are currently ill-defined, and no large-scale data-set for releases with significant rainout exists which links the initial post-expansion conditions with rainout or airborne concentration. Only two models attempt to describe the primary two-phase processes on a physical basis, the "Unified Dispersion Model" of Det Norske Veritas and its multi-compound generalization by Exxon-Mobil; potential limitations of these models are discussed. Several correlations have been proposed which predict final rainout directly from initial release conditions, and these may be useful for engineering guidelines. (101116)
CIS 03-376 Safe handling of renewable fuels and fuel mixtures. Wilén C., Moilanen A., Rautalin A., Torrent J., Conde E., Lödel R., Carson D., Timmers P., Brehm K., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Information Service, P.O.Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 1999. 117p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: EUR 39.00 (+ 8% VAT)., ISBN 951-38-5392-6 (In English) Internet: The objective of this project was to obtain new data on the safety-critical characteristics of renewable fuels (biomass), low-grade coal (lignite) and mixtures of these fuels. Ten biomass and lignite samples and two fuel mixtures were evaluated. All samples were dried and milled to a particle size below 0.2mm. Reactivity of the combustible dusts was characterized by thermal analysis. Self-ignition properties were studied under normal and elevated pressure. Dust explosion tests were performed at normal and elevated temperatures and pressures. Based on the research results, recommendations are made concerning the design of safe combustion equipment suited to these fuels. (101142)
CIS 03-377 Safety audit of Dounreay 1998 - Final report 2001. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2002. viii, 112p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: A detailed audit of safety management at the Dounreay nuclear site was conducted in 1998. The audit report made 143 recommendations. Interim reports were published in 1999 and 2000 on the progress made in implementing the recommendations (see CIS 00-1438). This final report groups the original recommendations into three kinds: those that have been implemented, those that will be implemented over the medium term, and those that will be implemented as part of the site's long-term restoration plan after decommissioning. Contents: responses of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Agency (UKAEA) to the audit recommendations; Dounreay site restoration plan; implications for other UKAEA sites; conclusions. (101147)
CIS 03-378 Prevention of major industrial accidents. (Portuguese: Prevenção de acidentes industriais maiores) Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2002. 119p. 67 ref. Index. Price: BRL 10.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: Portuguese translation of the ILO Code of Practice abstracted under CIS 91-972. It consists of the following sections: general provisions; components of a major hazard control system; general duties; prerequisites for a major hazard control system; analysis of hazards and risks; control of the causes of major industrial accidents; safe operation of major hazard installations; emergency planning; information of the neighbourhood population on major hazards installations; siting and land-use planning; reporting to competent authorities; implementation of a major hazard control system. Annexes: use of consultancy services and publications on the control of major hazards. (101019)
CIS 03-379 Safe collection of woodwaste: Prevention of fire and explosion. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2003. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note provides practical guidance to manufacturers, suppliers and users of woodwaste collection systems on the reduction of fire and explosion risks. Contents: hazards of wood dust; explosibility of woodwaste; sources of ignition; types of collection systems; design of ductwork; precautions for collection units where a dust explosion risk exists; sizing of explosion relief; design of explosion vents; ducting of vents to the open air; firefighting. Reprinted with updated references (replaces CIS 97-1313). (101384)
CIS 03-380 Prevention of electrical accidents: Are we aware of the hazards?. (Spanish: Prevención de accidentes eléctricos en las obras: ¿Conocemos el riesgo?) Amores Maza J.F., Seguridad en el trabajo - Prevención de riesgos laborales, Nov. 2002, No.0, p.10-13. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This article discusses the hazards of work on low and high voltage cables. Risks to health due to electric current are described. The domestic power supply (at a voltage of 220V) can give rise to currents of 103mA through the body, causing ventricular fibrillation that can lead to death. A current of 10mA causes involuntary muscular contraction, and an accidental short circuit due to a manipulation error in an electrical cabinet can cause burns and severe facial injuries possibly affecting vision. Electric shocks can occur even without direct contact with elements at high voltage. The basic rules defined by the IEC to ensure the safety of electrical equipment as well as various elements related to occupational safety (workers' qualifications, avoiding solitary work) are also mentioned. The importance of training workers in first aid without risking their lives is emphasized. (101063)
CIS 03-381 Electricity at work - Safe working practices. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2002. iv, 23p. Illus. 32 ref. Price: GBP 4.95., ISBN 0-7176-0442-X (In English) Internet: This booklet gives guidance on the essential elements that need to be considered when devising safe working practices for people who carry out work on or near electrical equipment in circumstances in which danger may arise. Assessment procedures are described for deciding whether to work dead or live and for actions in relation to both dead and live working. Typical electrical hazards are described along with the need for careful design and selection of electrical equipment. An example of a permit-to-work is included. Reference is made throughout to provisions of the British Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (see CIS 89-1439). This booklet updates and replaces CIS 93-1341, essentially through the inclusion of several more recent literature references. (101217)
CIS 03-382 Safety in electrical testing: Products on production lines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2002. 3p. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note provides advice about how to avoid injuries during electrical testing of products on production lines. Topics covered: types of injuries (electrical shock, electrical burns); factors likely to increase the risk of electrical shock; risk assessment; precautions to be taken in test areas (access to live parts, handling of test equipment, high- voltage insulation testing, supplementary protection); legal requirements. (101387)
CIS 03-383 Safety in electrical testing: Switchgear and control gear. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2002. 3p. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note provides advice on how to avoid injuries during electrical testing of switchgear and control gear, including equipment containing power electronic components. Topics covered: types of injuries (electrical shock, electrical burns); factors likely to increase the risk of electrical shock; risk assessment; management of the testing at a customer's premises (access to test areas, precautions to be taken when carrying out the testing, handling of test equipment); legal requirements. (101388)
CIS 03-384 Safety in electrical testing: Servicing and repair of domestic appliances. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2002. 3p. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: This information note provides advice about how to avoid injuries during servicing and repair of domestic appliances, such as washing machines, dryers, refrigerators and freezers, cooking equipment, normally operating from a 230V supply. Topics covered: types of injuries (electrical shock, electrical burns); factors likely to increase the risk of electrical shock; risk assessment; precautions to be taken when carrying out the work (access to test areas in the customer's home and in the workshop, access to live parts); safe test equipment; legal requirements. (101389)
CIS 03-385 Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 - Guidance on Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2002. iv, 52p. Illus. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-7176-1602-9 (In English) Internet: This guidance publication contains the text of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (see also CIS 89-1439), together with extensive explicatory text and commentary. All aspects of work with electricity are covered, with a special section devoted to the use of electricity in mines. A list of relevant British Standards is included in the appendix. Updates and replaces CIS 90-1339, essentially with references to more recent legislation. (101218)
CIS 03-386 Noise. Monyo R.A., Starck J., Mayaka A.N., Wambugu A., Makambaya S., Mulugeta S., Chowdhury A.R., Quainoo A.B., Lehtinen S., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 1992, Vol.2, No.1, p.1-28 (whole issue). Illus. 42 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of noise prevention in the workplace. Contents: noise as a universal problem; adoption of automation in the mechanical engineering sector in Kenya; case report of noise-induced hearing loss in Kenya; preventing noise hazards at Zimbabwean workplaces; survey of noise levels in the Ethiopian woodworking industry. Other topics: improving working conditions in developing countries; occupational safety and health in Ghana; occupational cancer in developing countries; international symposium on occupational health practices held in Tanzania. (101084)
CIS 03-387 Toxic to your ears. Prasher D., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 2002, Vol.20, No.7, p.36-38. Illus. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: It is widely recognized that exposure to noise can cause hearing loss. It is less known that exposure to industrial solvents can also pose a threat to hearing. Many workplaces feature both hazards. This article discusses the synergistic hazards of exposure to noise and solvents. It presents the NoiseChem study of the European Commission. The study will involve two research projects: a laboratory research to determine the mechanisms of ototoxic damage due to noise and chemical interaction, and an epidemiological survey in factories in several European countries. The results are to be published during 2004, and it is hoped that they will lead to appropriate prevention strategies. A table summarizing the audio-vestibular effects of several common solvents is included. (101205)
CIS 03-388 The diagnosis of disorders caused by hand-transmitted vibration. Griffin M.J., Bovenzi M., Olsen N., Harada N., Palmer K.T., Syddall H., Cooper C., Coggon D., Allen J.A., McGrann S., McKenna K.M., Lindsell C.J., Nilsson T., Lundström R., Morioka M., Whitehouse D.J., Sakakibara H., Maeda S., Yonekawa Y., Hagberg M., Toibana N., Ishikawa N., Haward B.M., Yamada S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 2002, Vol.75, No.1-2, p.1-128 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: This special issue contains 16 articles selected among the papers presented at a workshop entitled "The diagnosis of disorders caused by hand-transmitted vibration" held at the University of Southampton, United Kingdom, 11-13 September 2000. Main topics covered: vibration-induced white finger; cold stress test for evaluating vascular disorders; finger systolic blood pressure; neurological diagnosis; vibrotactile thresholds; thermotactile thresholds; musculoskeletal disorders among workers exposed to hand-arm vibration; manipulative dexterity in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome; diagnosis, therapy and compensation of hand-arm vibration injury in Japan. (101410)
CIS 03-389 Noise reduction at a cutting press. (German: Lärmminderung an einer Prägeeinheit) Backhaus S., Käferstein B., Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität Clausthal, 2001, Mitteilung Nr.26, p.99-102. Illus. 1 ref. (In German) Internet: Nonwoven filters are made on cutting presses. The various manufacturing operations, in particular the printing or embossing of patterns and the compression or deformation of nonwoven mats prior to assembly or cutting result in high noise levels in the workshops. Indeed, because of the high throughput of the mats (3m/s) and the high forces in the contact zone, machines emit loud rattling and impact noises that exceed permissible levels defined in occupational safety and health regulations. A new concept cutting press was therefore developed having significantly lower noise emissions while maintaining the productivity and quality levels of existing machines. This article describes the main features of these new machines, highlighting their differences with existing machines. (101425)
CIS 03-390 Thermal work environment. Beshir M.Y., Kähkönen E., Makambaya S., Hanna G.B., Crockford J., Muchiri F.K., Dees G.C.D., Mgeni A.Y., Lehtinen S., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 1994, Vol.4, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: This issue is primarily devoted to the topic of thermal work environments. Contents: thermal work environments and ISO standards; work in cold environments; review of a heat stress study in Tanzania involving several sectors (manufacture of farm tools, production of corrugated steel sheets, foundry, glass works); thermal analysis of buildings in new urban settlements in Egypt; work-wear and protective clothing for use in hot workplaces in developing countries. Other topics: chemical safety in small-scale industries in Kenya; mortality of employees from 1989 to 1992 in a pulp and paper mill in Swaziland; role of WHO in promoting occupational health in Africa. (101089)
CIS 03-391 Provocation with stress and electricity of patients with "sensitivity to electricity". Lonne-Rahm S., Andersson B., Melin L., Schultzberg M., Arnetz B., Berg M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.42, No.5, p.512-516. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: A total of 24 patients with self-reported skin symptoms when exposed to electromagnetic fields were tested in a provocation study, together with 12 controls matched by age and sex. Both groups were exposed to 30-minute periods of high or low stress situations, with and without simultaneous exposure to electromagnetic fields from a visual display unit. Stress was induced by requiring the participants to react to a random sequence of flashing lights while simultaneously solving complicated mathematical problems. Blood samples were analysed for levels of the stress-related hormones and the expression of different peptides, cellular markers and cytokines. Skin biopsies were also analysed for the occurrence of mast cells. Patients reported increased skin symptoms when they knew or believed that the electromagnetic field was turned on. However, there were no differences under blind conditions. Inflammatory mediators and mast cells in the skin were not affected by the stress exposure or by exposure to electromagnetic fields. (101055)
CIS 03-392 Working safely with lasers. (French: L'utilisation en sécurité du laser) Gauthier F., Travail et sécurité, Nov. 2000, No.601, p.29-39. Illus. 11 ref. (In French) Internet: Contents of this review article on safe working methods with lasers: main uses of lasers (metal cutting, cleaning of stones of historical monuments, surgery); experiences of two metal-cutting enterprises; occupational hazards from working in the presence of lasers (skin effects: irritation, burning, cancer risk; eye effects: cornea lesions and ulcerations, thermal cataract, retinal tears; hazards from secondary X-rays; risks to laser equipment maintenance staff; electrical hazards; hazards from liquid nitrogen used as a coolant); machine protection and personal protective equipment; specific training in the use of laser equipment; measures to be taken by employers; characteristics and uses of the main laser types; permissible levels and laser classification. (101417)
CIS 03-393 Occupational risk factors, ultraviolet radiation and ocular melanoma: A case-control study carried out in France. (French: Facteurs de risque professionnels, rayonnements ultraviolets et mélanome oculaire: une étude cas-témoin réalisée en France) Guenel P., Laforest L., Cyr D., Fevotte J., Sabroe S., Dufour C., Lutz J.M., Lynge E., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.189, p.7-14. 34 ref. (In French) Internet: This case-control study examines the relationship between occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and occurrences of ocular melanoma. Cases consisted of 50 subjects diagnosed with melanoma in 1995-96. Controls were randomly selected and matched by age, sex and place of residence. Among the 630 persons selected, 76% were subjected to a standardized questionnaire during interviews. Estimations of the level of occupational exposure to UV were based on a job-exposure matrix. Results indicated a high risk among subjects with fair eyes or skin and among persons who had been victims of several eye burns, as well as among occupational groups exposed to artificial UV radiation. However, no increased risk was noted for persons working in the open exposed to sunlight. Increased risk was found among male welders (OR=7.3), for whom a dose-response relationship with tenure was also highlighted, as well as among male cooks. Among women, elevated risks were observed in the metalworking industry and in warehousing. (101321)
CIS 03-394 Evaluation of decompression safety in an occupational diving group using self reported diving exposure and health status. Doolette D.J., Gorman D.F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2003, Vol.60, No.6, p.418-422. Illus. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to evaluate tuna farm occupational diving practice against existing decompression models and to describe a method for collecting and modelling self reported field decompression data. Objective depth/time profiles were obtained from depth/time recorders worn by tuna farm professional divers. The health status of divers was measured at the end of each working day using a self-administered health survey that produces an interval diver health score (DHS) with possible values ranging from 0 to 30. Depth/time profiles were analysed according to existing decompression models. The mean risk of decompression sickness was calculated as 0.005. The mean DHS following diving was 3 and following non-diving activities was 1. After accounting for between diver variability, DHS was found to increase by one unit for every 1% increase in the risk of decompression sickness. This method for the collection and analysis of self-reported objective decompression data from occupational diving groups can potentially be used as the basis for development of purpose designed occupational diving decompression schedules. (101483)
CIS 03-395 Task-based assessment of occupational vibration and noise exposures in forestry workers. Neitzel R., Yost M., AIHA Journal, Sep.-Oct. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.617-627. Illus. 55 ref. (In English) Internet: Noise exposures and whole-body (WBV) and hand-arm (HAV) vibration exposures were evaluated from 43 forestry workers. Data were collected on ten days over eight weeks during various felling, logging and log handling operations. Five volunteers were also monitored for noise and vibration daily using data logging noise dosimeters, which provided daily time-weighted averages (TWAs) and 1-min averages, and a precision sound level meter equipped to measure human vibration, which provided triaxial HAV and WBV event-weighted averages (AEQs). Workers completed a short questionnaire throughout the workday detailing the timing and number of tasks performed and equipment used. Substantial overexposures to noise and vibration were observed. Noise TWAs according to OSHA and NIOSH exceeded 85dBA in 60% and 83% of the cases respectively. 33-53% of the axis-specific HAV AEQ exceeded the 8-hour ACGIH HAV threshold limit value, and 34% of all WBV AEQs exceeded the 8-hour exposure limit set by the Commission of the European Communities. (101279)
CIS 03-396 Expert system for advice on noise reduction in metal stamping workshops. (German: Beratungssystem zum Lärmschutz in Presswerken) Großmann K., Jungnickel G., Rudolf H., Blech Rohre Profile, Nov. 1999, Vol.46, No.11, p.48-56. Illus. 7 ref. (In German) Internet: Stamping is one of the most noisy activities in the metalworking industry. In small enterprises in particular, impact noise averages 95dB(A) and therefore clearly exceeds the permissible level of 85dB(A). This article describes a software tool that allows to predict workplace noise levels on the basis of technical production data, manufacturing steps and local conditions. Users can thus obtain noise level values and indications of risks to workers. This system also allows to predict effects of measures or planned modifications aimed at reducing noise levels in stamping workshops. (101426)
CIS 03-397 Cancer incidence and magnetic field exposure in industries using resistance welding in Sweden. Håkansson N., Floderus B., Gustavsson P., Johansen C., Olsen J.H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2002, Vol.59, No.7, p.481-486. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: To investigate cancer incidence in workers exposed to high levels of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF), a cohort based on the engineering industries assumed to use resistance welding was established. All men and women employed in these sectors during 1985-94 were selected (537,692 men and 180,529 women). Occupation, based on census information from 1980, 1985, and 1990, was linked to a job exposure matrix on ELF-MF. Four exposure groups were identified on the basis of their mean workday ELF-MF exposure. Cancer incidence was obtained by linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry. It was found that the risks of cancer of the liver, kidney, and pituitary gland among men were in accordance with previous observations. Regarding brain tumours and leukaemia, the outcome for women provided further support of an association. The hypothesis of a biological mechanism involving the endocrine system was partly supported. (101258)
CIS 03-398 Noise exposure among construction electricians. Seixas N.S., Ren K., Neitzel R., Camp J., Yost M., AIHA Journal, Sep.-Oct. 2001, Vol.62, No.5, p.615-621. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: Data-logging noise dosimetry was used to assess the exposure levels of electricians working for a major electrical subcontractor in Washington State at five sites using four types of construction methods. Subjects documented their activities and work environment information throughout their work shift during the four-months of the study. Over 24% of the TWA samples exceeded 85dBA; 5.2% exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit of 90dBA. When using the NIOSH exposure metric, 67.8% of the samples exceeded 85dBA and 27% exceeded 90dBA. The results showed that presumably quiet occupations such as electricians are at risk of exposure to potentially harmful noise exposures, and that other workers' activities and the general environment contribute substantially to that risk. These results indicate that noise control strategies will have to address the construction work environment as an integrated system. (101037)
CIS 03-399 The effect of repeated altitude exposures on the incidence of decompression sickness. Pilmanis A.A., Webb J.T., Kannan N., Balldin U., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 2002, Vol.73, No.6, p.525-531. Illus. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: Repeated hypobaric exposures in a single day occurring during parachute training, hypobaric chamber training, unpressurized flight and extravehicular space activity can cause decompression sickness (DCS). To test the hypothesis that short exposures with and without ground intervals would result in a lower incidence of DCS than a single exposure of equal duration, 32 subjects were exposed to three different hypobaric exposures: a single 2h continuous exposure (condition A, control); four 30min exposures but no ground interval between the exposures (condition B); four 30min exposures and a 60min period of ground interval between exposures (condition C). All exposures were to a simulated altitude of 7500m with 100% oxygen breathing. Subjects were examined for symptoms of DCS and precordial venous gas emboli (VGE). Results indicate that repeated simulated altitude exposures to 7500m significantly reduce DCS and VGE incidence compared with a single continuous exposure of equivalent duration. (101201)
CIS 03-400 Incorporating effective noise control in music entertainment venues? Yes, it can be done. Groothoff B., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Dec. 1999, Vol.15, No.6, p.543-550. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: Following complaints from workers in music entertainment, a study of 30 businesses in the Brisbane area (Queensland, Australia) was conducted during 1996. Results showed that, in all but one case, noise exposure exceeded permissible levels. In none of the venues were hearing protectors worn during exposure to loud music, nor were other control measures in place. Virtually all operators demonstrated a lack of knowledge about their workplace health and safety obligations. To assist operators in meeting their legal obligations, extensive consultations were given by health and safety inspectors. In 1998, 14 of the original venues still operating were revisited. It was found that, although generally noise levels were still excessive, venue operators' knowledge of their obligations had improved. Eight venues had sound limiters installed and hearing protectors were available in 12 venues, with seven businesses actively enforcing their use by staff. (101401)
CIS 03-401 Lead aprons, radiographers and discomfort: A pilot study. Rothmore P., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 2002, Vol.18, No.4, p.357-366. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: The association between fatigue and ease of movement while wearing different configurations of lead aprons has not been widely studied. The main aim of this study was to make appropriate recommendations to staff working within an angiography suite with regard to the most appropriate choice of lead shielding. In a crossover study design, five radiographers (three women, two men) each wore three different configurations of lead aprons: a two-piece suit, a one-piece suit and one-piece suits with waist belts. They completed visual analogue scales on their perceived levels of discomfort and fatigue at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of patient procedural lists. Information on "ease of movement" was collected at T2 only. Statistical analysis revealed significantly greater levels of discomfort in the neck and lower back regions between T1 and T2 for subjects while wearing one-piece aprons, with a trend towards significantly greater discomfort in the thoracic region. (101034)
CIS 03-402 Noise and vibration levels from chainsaws and their use in evaluating the occupational exposure of operators to vibrations. (Portuguese: Níveis de vibração e ruído gerados por motosserras et sua utilização na avaliação da exposição ocupacional do operador à vibração) de Ângelo da Cunha I., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 162p. Illus. 83 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: The first part of this document reviews the effects of vibrations on the hand-arm system caused by the use of chainsaws, the main standards for evaluating vibrations, criteria that apply to the definition of noise and vibration level limits as well as applicable preventive measures. The second part is devoted to comparing noise and vibration data supplied by manufacturers with those determined during standardized testing and under real field conditions. Results indicate that data supplied by manufacturers are meaningful for comparing chainsaws, selecting appropriate protective equipment and controlling workers' exposure. (101025)
CIS 03-403 ISOMAG 1.1 - Design and calculation of the vibration isolation of machines and devices. Uhlig A., Schreiber U., Blochwitz T., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2002. 219p. Illus. 30 ref. + CD-ROM with the ISOMAG 1.1 software application., ISBN 3-89701-804-7 (In English) Internet: Vibrations can be detrimental to human health and hazardous for the safety of machinery, buildings and equipment. This document describes a software application entitled ISOMAG. It has a graphical user interface and is executable under MS-Windows operating systems. It enables the modelling of the vibration characteristics of mechanical elements for the purpose of designing machinery with reduced vibration. A CD-ROM containing the ISOMAG software licensed for a single user is included. (101059)
CIS 03-404 Low noise design XIX - Design information for noise reduction. (German: Lärmarm konstruieren XIX - Schalltechnische Informationen unter konstruktiven Gesichtspunkten) Gummersbach F., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2001. 173p. Illus. 62 ref. Price: EUR 16.00., ISBN 3-89701-665-6 (In German) Internet: There is an increasing demand for machinery with low noise emission levels, as a result of both legal requirements and market preference. Unfortunately, designers of machinery generally do not have much experience in acoustics. As a result, products are often found to be acoustically unacceptable once the prototype is in operation. Cost-intensive rework which could have been avoided in the first place by adapting the design is then necessary. Designers need information, structured in a way they can understand, both for methodical approaches and specific measures such as machinery acoustics and designing for production. This thesis describes an information system developed to support the designer during analysis and to provide suitable noise reduction measures. This information system is based on the EN ISO 11688-1 standard, thus allowing a systematic approach to developing low noise equipment. (101162)
CIS 03-405 Evaluation of thermal comfort - Contribution to the application of international standards. (Portuguese: Avaliação de conforto térmico - Contribuição à aplicação prática das normas internacionais) Ruas Á.C., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 77p. Illus. 77 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: In Brazil, the thermal comfort of workers in not often taken into consideration. This thesis takes stock of the current level of understanding in the area of thermal comfort of workers and the applicable ISO standards, and analyses the practical implementation of these standards. Errors in the estimation of metabolism rates and thermal insulation of clothing are discussed, together with their influence on the evaluation of thermal comfort. Solutions aimed at minimizing these problems are proposed. (101021)
CIS 03-406 International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection: Protecting workers against exposure to ionizing radiation. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2002. x, 600p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of the International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection held in Geneva, Switzerland, 26-30 August 2002. More than 120 papers are included, grouped under the following themes: radiation risks in the workplace; regulatory infrastructure development; operational implementation of basic safety standards; monitoring of occupational radiation exposures; occupational radiation protection in medicine; occupational radiation protection in workplaces involving exposure to natural radiation; occupational radiation protection in industrial and research facilities; occupational radiation protection in nuclear facilities; probability of causation of occupational harm attributed to radiation exposure. (101290)
CIS 03-407 Noise in civil engineering work and the risk of work-induced deafness. (Portuguese: O ruído nas obras da construção civil e o risco de surdez ocupacional) Alves Maia P., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2001. 144p. Illus. 85 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: This thesis analyses the risk of hearing loss caused by noise among various categories civil engineering workers (labourers, masons, metalworkers and concrete formwork workers) exposed to noise levels of 82dB(A). The spectrum of noise emissions of machinery used in civil engineering as well as the noise levels to which the workers are exposed in the course of their different tasks were determined. Audiometric measurements were made among workers of 49 civil engineering contractors to evaluate hearing loss across the different job categories. Audiograms were corrected for age according to the ISO 7902 standard. They were also compared to the expected audiograms according to the ISO 1999 standard, which takes account of tenure and hours of work per day. Among the categories studied, only formwork workers were at significant risk of hearing loss. (101012)
CIS 03-408 Ambient working conditions and risks of X-ray exposure in the radiology department of a public hospital. (Portuguese: Condições do meio ambiente de trabalho e riscos da exposição aos raios X no serviço de radiodiagnóstico de um hospital público) Spinelli Gomes R., Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 2002. 139p. Illus. 44 ref. Price: BRL 15.00. (In Portuguese) Internet: The objective of this study of the conditions of work in the radiology departments of public hospitals of São Paulo (Brazil) was to examine the conditions of use of X-ray equipment and the measures taken to limit exposures to radiation. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of radiology departments in São Paulo state. In a second phase, an evaluation of workers' risks of exposure and control measures was carried out in the radiology department of a large public hospital. This allowed to highlight the gaps that exist in radiology departments, both in terms of the equipment itself (absence of periodical maintenance, unsuitable use) and of the technical measures aimed at limiting workers' exposure. This work is illustrated by photographs of the equipment and radiological department premises. (101016)
CIS 03-409 Noise levels and noise exposure of workers in pubs and clubs - A review of the literature. Smeatham D., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. vi, 82p. Illus. 147 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2571-0 (In English) Internet: This report consists of a review of the literature published since 1985 on noise levels and noise exposure to workers in pubs and clubs. Differences in opinion, scientific rigour and derived conclusions make it difficult to estimate the number of individuals whose hearing will be impaired as a result of this exposure. Establishments in the entertainment sector often do not take action to reduce the noise level because of their perception of consumers' preference for loud music. Finally, there is a lack of practical guidance and experience in these issues among local authority safety and health inspectors. (101119)
CIS 03-410 Ionizing radiation. (French: Les rayonnements ionisants) Le Roy A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 3rd ed., July 2001. 49p. Illus., ISBN 2-7389-0247-2 (In French) Internet: This concise reference document is aimed at providing the reader with the main French occupational hygiene and safety legal and regulatory requirements for the protection of workers who may be exposed to ionizing radiation. Contents: exposure limits; implementation of an overall framework of work organization; personal and technical measures of protection against radiations; monitoring. Appendices include the main relevant French regulations. (101113)
CIS 03-411 ORPGUIDE - Occupational radiation protection. International Labour Office (ILO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2000. CD-ROM, Windows application., ISBN 92-0-103100-9 (In English) Internet: This CD-ROM of the ORPGUIDE program contains the text and data from Safety Series No. 120: Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources, Safety Series No. 115: International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (the BSS), and three safety guides: Safety Series No. RSG-1.1: Occupational Radiation Protection, Safety Series No. RS-G-1.2: Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to Intakes of Radionuclides and Safety Standard Series No. RS-G-1.3: Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to External Sources of Radiation. The program is intended for use in conjunction with the three safety guides and assumes that the user is familiar with their content. (101357)
CIS 03-412 Reducing noise from CNC punch presses. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2002. 4p. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: CNC punch presses are capable of producing high levels of noise, depending on the type of materials being worked and the operation they are performing. Older machines can expose operators to 95dB(A) during a typical punching cycle on 3mm steel plate. The Supply of Machinery Regulations 1992 (see CIS 96-410) require machinery to be designed and manufactured so that risks from noise are reduced to their lowest level. This has to be achieved, where possible, by using engineering methods of control of the noise at source. This information sheet aims to help machine manufacturers and users reduce employee exposure to noise when using CNC punch presses. Contents: noise problem with CNC punch presses; sources of noise from CNC punch presses; responsibilities of manufacturers and users; common noise control techniques; quiet tooling; maintenance; points to consider when buying new machines; training; short case studies of successful noise reduction measures. (101010)
CIS 03-413 Problems with machine safeguards in automated installations. Blackström T., Döös M., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, June 2000, Vol.25, No.6, p.573-585. 41 ref. (In English) Internet: This article reports problems related to safety devices from 76 accidents in automated production and relates them to findings from other studies reported in literature. Safeguards are categorized according to their function, and the study addresses the nature of the safeguarding problem rather than the frequency with which problems arise. There are primarily four problems of safeguards that have commonly emerged from accident investigations: no safeguarding or a low level of safeguarding; safeguards not being used; safeguards not stopping all machine movements in the risk zone; safeguards not being capable of providing protection under all possible operating conditions. Each type of safeguard has its problems, and safeguards are not always capable of coping with production disturbances. A production installation should not automatically be regarded as safe simply because it possesses an impressive range of safeguards. (101156)
CIS 03-414 Proportional electrohydraulic valves. (French: Dispositifs électrohydrauliques à commande proportionnelle) Marsot J., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.189, p.35-43. Illus. 15 ref. (In French) Internet: This article presents the results of a study on proportional electrohydraulic valves used to control machine movements. After a brief overview of the different operating principles of these devices, it goes on to show how they can lead to inappropriate movement commands (variations in speed, reversal of direction, setting in motion) in the presence of environmental failures or electrical disturbances. It then proposes technical solutions to avoid these malfunctions causing hazardous situations for the operators. (101324)
CIS 03-415 Safety specialists: Message aimed at responsible managers. (Spanish: Los técnicos de prevención: Aviso para navegantes responsables) Martínez Pascual J.R., Lara Huerta J, Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2002, Vol.22, No.87, p.3-7. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: There is always a risk of workers falling when they work at heights. Aimed at the occupational safety services of enterprises and at safety specialists, this article discusses the differences between fall arrestors and supporting systems. It stresses the need for a common and coherent technical terminology in line with that of the UNE-EN standards on protective equipment against falls from heights (Class 3 PPEs), for defining common work procedures and for ensuring the proper training of workers. Among Class 3 PPEs, one needs to differentiate between three systems: access systems (for access to the workplace), positioning systems (to enable the positioning at the workplace and to free the hands for work) and safety systems (to arrest the fall safely). (101331)
CIS 03-416 Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia. Bell J.L., Journal of Safety Research, Winter 2002, Vol.33, No.4, p.463-471. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after switching to feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. Workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry not using feller-bunchers were also assessed. For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 of pre to post claims. "Struck by" injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries. (101036)
CIS 03-417 Legislation on tower cranes. (Spanish: Legislación sobre grúas torre) Carretero Romera J.A., Seguridad en el trabajo - Prevención de riesgos laborales, Nov. 2002, No.0, p.6-9. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This article reviews current Spanish legislation applicable to tower cranes. Cranes have a relatively long useful life, and may have been manufactured more than 10 years earlier, in compliance with legislation applicable at that time, and may have since been subject to repairs and modifications. Legislation and the corresponding application regulations require following a comprehensive list of periodical revisions, inspections and controls depending on the date of manufacture, modifications made and the type of use. The various applicable laws, technical regulations and standards are discussed. (101062)
CIS 03-418 Injury surveillance in construction: Injuries to laborers. Welch L.S., Hunting K.L., Anderson J.T.L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 2000, Vol.42, No.9, p.898-905. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: Construction is one of the largest industries in the United States, employing over 7.5 million people. It accounts for three times as many accidents as might be expected purely on a per capita basis. Labourers represent one of fifteen job classifications participating in this industry. They face a higher risk of death or injury from a number of causes than do other construction workers. This article presents data on injuries to labourers in the construction industry based on the analysis of registration forms of a major hospital between 1990 and 1998. Data are presented by cause and nature of injury, as well as the top ten injury diagnoses for injured labourers. More detailed circumstances of injury are provided for 57 cases requiring hospitalization. (101072)
CIS 03-419 Impact of the OSHA Trench and Excavation Standard on fatal injury in the construction industry. Suruda A., Whitaker B., Bloswick D., Philips P., Sesek R., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2002, Vol.44, No.10, p.902-905. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: In 1989, the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) revised the Trench and Excavation Standard. Fatal injuries from trench cave-ins in the construction industry were examined for five year periods before and after the revision in the 47 US states for which data were available for both periods. There was a two-fold decline in the rate of fatal injury after revision of the standard, which substantially exceeded the decline in other causes of fatal injury in the construction industry during the same period. The decline was somewhat greater in large business firms but was evident in construction firms of all size classes. The fatality rate from trench cave-in in union construction workers was approximately half that of non-union workers, but it was not possible to determine whether this was best explained by union status, employment of union workers at larger construction firms, or both. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of OSHA regulation in preventing fatal work injury. (101396)
CIS 03-420 Road hazards: ASF and safety of the "men in yellow". (French: Risque routier: ASF et la sécurité des "hommes en jaune") Robert A., Travail et sécurité, Jan. 2003, No.625, p.2-9. Illus. (In French) Internet: This article describes the preventive measures undertaken by a motorway operating company for protecting their employees working in presence of a continuous flow of vehicles, namely patrollers, road workers and motorway maintenance staff. These measures include awareness campaigns aimed at motorway users, increasing the visibility of workers and advanced signalling of their presence, including by the use of robots. (101363)
CIS 03-421 Surface planing machines. (French: Dégauchisseuses) Lamoureux P., Otter B., Trivin J.Y., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 2002, No.189, p.45-57. Illus. 19 ref. (In French) Internet: Aimed at company owners, managers and supervisors, this technical safety data sheet examines the risk at surface planing machine workplaces, and proposes ways of preventing them. Contents: function; terminology; description; conditions of purchase, taking delivery, laying out, installing and using surface planing machines; conditions applicable to machines already in service. Replaces CIS 75-851. (101325)
CIS 03-422 Railway safety 2001/02. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2002. 6p. Illus. (In English) Internet: These statistics on railway safety are produced under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 95, see CIS 95-1930). Topics covered: fatalities; injuries; train incidents; track defects and enforcement; railway incidents in Wales; railway incidents in Scotland. (101145)
CIS 03-423 Railway safety - Assessment of Railtrack's management of multi-SPAD signals. Hall D.C., Wiltshire F.P., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2002. vi, 61p. Illus. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2258-4 (In English) Internet: The objective of the report was to assess the effectiveness of the systems of the railway infrastructure operating company in the United Kingdom (Railtrack) systems for ensuring that the risks arising from signals passed repeatedly at danger (SPAD) are reduced as far as reasonably possible. The report contains examples of measures taken at a number of specific signals to reduce the likelihood of further SPAD incidents. Contents: methodology; technical background; management systems and actions for reducing risk due to SPAD; technical factors contributing to driver error; case studies; role of drivers and train operating companies; conclusions; lessons to be learned; glossary. Appendices include lists of signals, relevant standards and SPAD statistics. See also CIS 03-424. (101146)
CIS 03-424 Railway safety - Assessment of Railtrack's response to improvement notice I/RJS/991007/2 covering the "top 22" signals passed most often at danger. Hall D.C., Wiltshire F.P., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2002. vi, 49p. Illus. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2257-6 (In English) Internet: This report presents the results of an audit into the measures taken by the railway infrastructure operating company in the United Kingdom (Railtrack) to mitigate the risks of signals passed repeatedly at danger (SPAD) for the 22 signals that had been passed most often at danger between 1990 and 1998. Each of the 22 signals were viewed from the drivers' cab and discussed with the drivers and representatives of the train operating companies. It is expected that the Train Protection and Warning Systems (TPWS) currently being installed will significantly improve safety. (101149)
CIS 03-425 Inspecting fall arrest equipment made from webbing or rope. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 2002. 17p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English) Internet: This booklet is mainly aimed at employers responsible for the use of fall arrest equipment made from webbing or rope. Synthetic fibres used for making webbing or rope may degrade under the effects of abuse, wear, ultraviolet radiation or chemicals, and therefore the equipment should be inspected at regular intervals. Contents: legal requirements; inspection regime; scope of the inspections; examples of defects and damage; withdrawing faulty equipment from use; examples of equipment that have been withdrawn. (101216)
CIS 03-426 Forestry machinery - Portable chain-saws - Minimum handle clearance and sizes. (French: Machines forestières - Scies à chaîne portatives - Dimensions minimales des poignées et des espaces libres autour des poignées) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 3rd ed., 2002. iiii, 6p. Illus. (In English, French) Internet: This international standard specifies the minimum clearances and related dimensions for the front and rear handles of portable hand-held chain-saws with combustion engines. Replaces CIS 94-1755. (101303)
CIS 03-427 Code or practice for tower crane safety. Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 2002. 58p. Illus. 8 ref., ISBN 971-8806-04-0 (In English) Internet: Crane operations are among the most dangerous activities in the construction industry. Serious accidents have occurred due to lack of knowledge of safety requirements. This code of practice was developed to serve as a guide for crane operators, project engineers and safety officers for ensuring the safe operation of tower cranes at construction sites. Contents: general provisions; duties and responsibilities; tower crane selection and equipment requirements; operating procedures and precautions; erection, climbing, telescoping, dismantling and transport; inspection, testing and maintenance. In the appendix: hand signals. (101377)
CIS 03-428 Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 2: Terminology and basic requirements related to pavement texture profile analysis. (French: Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de relevés de profils de la surface - Partie 2: Terminologie et exigences de base relatives à l'analyse de profils de texture d'une surface de chaussée) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1st ed., 2002. v, 17p. Illus. 15 ref. (In English, French) Internet: Part 2 of this international standard defines terms, expressions and parameters related to the analysis of pavement texture, on roads as well as on airport runways and taxiways. In particular, it addresses profile representations of texture, which are expected to be useful in the modelling of pavement characteristics such as tyre-road noise emission, type-road friction, tyre rolling resistance and tyre wear. In addition, some brief g |