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ILO-CIS Bulletin 2001/04CIS 01-921 --- CIS 01-1270Laws, regulations, directivesCIS 01-921 Act No.98-004 of 27 Jan. 1998 on the Labour Code [Benin]. (French: Loi n°98-004 du 27 janv. 1998, portant Code du travail [Bénin]) Photocopy, 26p. (In French) Internet: Relevant titles of the Benin Labour Code: I - General provisions; IV - Working conditions; VII - Control of the workplace (inspection, etc.) and employment promotion; VIII - Consultative bodies; IX - Penalties for non-compliance; X - Transitional and final provisions. (76991)
CIS 01-922 Act No.84-018/PR of 1984 on the Labour Code [Comores]. (French: Loi n°84-018/PR de 1984 portant Code du travail [Comores]) Photocopy, 21p. (In French) Internet: Relevant titles of the Labour Code: I - General provisions; V - Working conditions; VI - Special provisions applying to foreign workers; VII - Safety and health and the medical service within the enterprise; VIII - Organizations and methods of implementation; X - Penalties for non-compliance; XI - Transitional measures. (76992)
CIS 01-923 Act of 10 Jan. 1997 on the Labour Code [Cambodia]. (French: Loi du 10 janv. 1997 portant Code du travail [Cambodge]) Photocopy, 40p. (In French) Internet: Relevant chapters of the Labour Code: I - General provisions; VII - Special measures concerning the protection of agricultural workers; VIII - Occupational safety and health; IX - Occupational accidents; XIV - Labour administration (inspection etc.); XV - The Consultative Labour Commission; XVI - Penalties for non-compliance; XVIII - Transitional provisions; XIX - Final provisions. (76993)
CIS 01-924 Act No.11-92/ADP of 22 Dec. 1992 on the Labour Code [Burkina Faso]. (French: Loi n°11-92/ADP du 22 déc. 1992, portant Code du travail [Burkina Faso]) Photocopy, 19p. (In French) Internet: Relevant titles of the Labour Code: I - General provisions; IV - General working conditions; V - Occupational safety and health and occupational medicine; VIII - Implementing organizations and control mechanisms; IX - Penalties for non-compliance; X - Transitional provisions (Act No.26/62/AN of 7 July 1962, as modified by Act No.9-73/An of 7 June 1973, on the Labour Code is repealed). (76994)
CIS 01-925 Act No.16.074 on occupational accidents and diseases [Uruguay]. (Spanish: Ley N° 16.074 sobre los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales [Uruguay]) Registro nacional de leyes, decretos, etc., p.464-483. Also in: Diario Oficial, 23 Oct. 1989. (In Spanish) Internet: This law obliges employers to join an existing scheme of social security, so that their workers can obtain workmen's compensation in case of an occupational accident or disease. Acts 10.004 of 28 Feb. 1941 and 1.949 of 21 Nov. 1961 are revoked. (77071)
CIS 01-926 Notification No.89/2001 of the Ministry of Health defining the classification of occupations, fixing biological exposure limits and establishing the requirements for the notification of work with asbestos and biological agents [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Ministerstva zdravotnictví ze 15.2.2001, kterou se stanoví podmínky pro zařazování prací do kategorií, limitní horodnoty ukazatelů biologických expozičních testů a náležitosti hlášení prací s azbestem a biologickými činiteli) Sbírka zákonů, 28 Feb. 2001, No.35, p.2657-2671. (In Czech) Internet: This notification defines four categories of occupations according to the level of workplace health hazard. It announces the requirements for the notification of work involving asbestos, risk of asbestos exposure and work with biological agents. In annex: biological exposure limits connected with exposure to certain chemical substances. (77231)
CIS 01-927 Act No.158/2001 of 28 March 2001 which modifies and complements Act No.330/1996 on occupational safety and health in accordance with Act No.95/2000, and which modifies and complements the Labour Code [Slovak Republic]. (Slovak: Zákon z 28. marca 2001. ktorým sa mení a doplňa zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky č. 330/1996 Z. z. o bezpečnosti a ochrane zdravia pri práci v znení zákona č. 95/2000 Z. z. a o zmene a doplnení Zákonníka práce) Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 1 May 2001, No.67, p.1754-1762. (In Slovak) Internet: Modification of safety and health legislation, introducing changes into the responsibilities of employers and workers, and into the general practice of prevention of occupational hazards. (77233)
CIS 01-928 Labour Law of Mongolia. (Mongolian: Hödölmörijn tuhaj huul') Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2001. 148, [15]p. (In Chinese, English, Mongolian) Internet: Chapter 6 (Articles 81-99) of this Law concerns general guidance for working conditions and safety and health standards. Contents of the Chapter: classification of working conditions; establishment of OSH standards; general workplace requirements; buildings and facilities; machinery and equipment; special work clothing and protective equipment; harmful agents (physical, chemical, biological); fire safety; unfavourable weather conditions; medical examinations; OSH bodies in the workplace and at the national level; right to refuse work in case of hazard; notification of and research into accidents, diseases and toxic substances; occupational diseases; compensation; establishment of a Medical and Labour Expert Commission; suspension or termination of enterprises who fail to meet OSH standards. (77241)
CIS 01-929 Law modifying and complementing the Law on Occupational Safety and Health No.90/1996 [Romania]. (Romanian: Lege pentru modificarea şi completarea Legii protecţiei muncii nr. 90/1996) Monitorul Oficial al României, 24 Oct. 2000, Year XII, No.522, Part I, p.1-4. (In Romanian) Internet: This Law modifies the 1996 Law on Occupational Safety and Health (see CIS 97-711). In particular, it introduces modifications into provisions dealing with personal protection equipment, occupational accidents, occupational medicine and penalties. (77257)
CIS 01-930 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 28 Mar. 1995 concerning the minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 28 mars 1995 concernant les prescriptions minimales pour la signalisation de sécurité et/ou de santé au travail [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 10 Apr. 1995, No.28, p.860-876. Illus. (In French) Internet: Implementation in Luxembourg of the provisions of Directive 92/58/EEC (see CIS 93-1752). Contents: definitions; general rules; safety and health signs used for the first time and those used already; information and training of workers; consultation and participation of workers. In annex: general minimum requirements concerning safety and/or health signs at work; signboards; signs on containers and pipes; identification and location of fire-fighting equipment; signs used for obstacles and for marking traffic routes; illuminated signs; acoustic signs; verbal communication; hand signals. (76996)
CIS 01-931 Government Agreement No.530-93 - Declaring as a national emergency matter that Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committees should be set up, and establishing their operational rules [Guatemala]. (Spanish: Acuerdo Gubernativo N° 530-93 - Declárase de urgencia nacional, la organización y funcionamiento de las Comisiones Mixtas de Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo [Guatemala]) Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social, Diario de Centro América, 21 Jan. 1994, No.12, p.293-294. (In Spanish) Internet: This legal instrument describes the mechanism for the establishment and operation of Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committees. (77072)
CIS 01-932 Regulations No. 967 of 8 March 1996 on specialized examination of workers on occupational safety [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Pravilnik o opravljanju strokovnega izpita iz varstva pri delu) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 29 Mar.1996, No.17, p.1377-1378. (In Slovenian) Internet: Topics: law; occupational safety; periodic medical examinations; Slovenia. (77074)
CIS 01-933 Regulations No.966 of 12 Feb. 1996 on minimal hygienic and medical conditions of the work environment, working areas and other outside grounds, equipment and protection of workers in industry [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Pravilnik o minimalnih sanitarno-zdravstvenih pogojih poslovnih prostorov, funkcionalnega zemljšča, drugih zunanjih površin, opreme, naprav in delavcev v obrtni obratovalnici) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 29 Mar.1996, No.17, p.1374-1377. (In Slovenian) Internet: This Regulation covers, among other matters, the minimum size of working area per worker and the protection of workers against toxic substances and dust. (77075)
CIS 01-934 Order No.159/2001 of 19 Apr. 2001 of the Government on the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of personal protective equipment [Slovak Republic]. (Slovak: Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky z 19. apríla 2001 o minimálnych bezpečnostných a zdravotných požiadavkách pri používaní pracovných prostriedkov) Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 1 May 2001, No.67, p.1763-1769. (In Slovak) Internet: This Order defines the minimum safety and health requirements for personal protective equipment worn in the workplace. (77234)
CIS 01-935 Order No.201/2001 of 23 May 2001 of the Government concerning the minimum safety and health requirements of the workplace [Slovak Republic]. (Slovak: Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky z 23. mája 2001 o minimálnych bezpečnostných a zdravotných požiadavkách na pracovisko) Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 1 June 2001, No.84, p.2090-2099. (In Slovak) Internet: This Order regulates establishes the basic OSH requirements in workplaces, including the responsibilities of employers to inform workers of workplace hazards and to enable them to participate in decisions affecting their safety and health. (77237)
CIS 01-936 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) (Amendment) Regulations, 2001 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 2001. 10p. Price: EUR 2.54. (In English) Internet: Regulation amending the 1993 Regulations (see CIS 98-363) by including in it the provisions of Directive 89/655/EEC (see CIS 90-357), as amended by Directive 95/63/EC (see CIS 96-395), related to the use of work equipment by workers at work. In particular, it contains provisions relating to the use of mobile work equipment used for lifting and other purposes. (77238)
CIS 01-937 Government Decree No.326 of 3 March 2001 to to approve the Rules of investigation and reporting of accidents and other injuries of workers resulting from their occupational activities [Kazakhstan]. (Russian: Pravila rassledovanija i učeta nesčastnyh slučaev i inyh povreždenij zdorov'ja rabotnikov, svjazannyh s trudovoj dejatel'nost'ju) Aktiler Žinagy - Sobranie Aktov, Apr. 2001, No.9, p.113-139. (In Russian) Internet: This Decree provides for the procedures for investigating and notifying occupational accidents and other injuries. (77239)
CIS 01-938 Supreme Decree - Declares the 28 April as "Occupational Safety and Health Day" [Peru]. (Spanish: Decreto Supremo - Instituyen el 28 de abril como el "Día de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo" [Perú]) El Peruano, Year XIX, No.7611, 25 Apr. 2001, p.201858. (In Spanish) Internet: Topics: law; national organization; occupational safety and health; Peru; safety consciousness. (77251)
CIS 01-939 Royal Order of 10 Aug. 2001 modifying the Royal Order of 3 May 1999 concerning the objectives and functioning of workplace safety and health committees [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit tot wijziging van het k.b. van 3.5.1999 betreffende de opdrachten en de werking van de comités voor preventie en bescherming op het werk; French: A.R. du 10 août 2001 modifiant l'A.R. du 3.5.99 relatif aux missions et au fonctionnement des comités pour la prévention et la protection au travail [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 22 Sep. 2001, Year 171, No.267, p.31936-31938. (In Dutch, French) Internet: Modifications introduced to the provisions of the original 1999 Royal Order (see CIS 00-8). The principal change involves the introduction of measures allowing the direct participation of workers in matters involving their welfare in enterprises where there is neither a workplace safety and health committee nor union representation. (77253)
CIS 01-940 Resolution No.261 of 22 Feb. 2001 concerning the criteria and methods for the management of workplaces with special conditions [Romania]. (Romanian: Hotărâre privind criteriile şi metodologia de încadrare a locurilor de muncă în condiţii deosebite) Monitorul Oficial al României, 6 Mar. 2001, Year XIII, No.114, p.6-10. (In Romanian) Internet: Workplaces with special conditions are defined as: (a) those where harmful physical, chemical or biological agents are present; (b) those where specific body responses to such agents are noted (i.e. exposure indicators, biological effects); and (c) those where occupational diseases are recorded. This government resolution prescribes appropriate safety and health measures in such workplaces. (77259)
CIS 01-941 Decree No.08/2001/ND-CP of Feb. 2, 2001 prescribing the security and order conditions to be met by a number of conditional business lines and trades [Vietnam]. Công Báo - Official Gazette, 22/31 Mar. 2001, No.11/12, p.3-6. (In English) Internet: This decree applies to certain kinds of activities: seal engraving; manufacture, trading and repair of hunting guns and gun cartridges; manufacture and trading of industrial explosives; trading in flammable gases and liquids, and installation of the same in high buildings (>10 floors); renting of living accommodation to foreigners; printing; pawning services; karaoke businesses; dancing halls and massage parlors. The decree prescribes the safety masures (including fire prevention) such workplaces must implement, as well as the role of public bodies and people's committees in safety matters. (77260)
CIS 01-942 Regulatory Decree 6/2001 approving the schedule of occupational diseases and the corresponding codifying index [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto Regulamentar n°6/2001: aprova a lista das doenças profissionais e o respetivo índice codificado) Diário da República, 5 May 2001, Series I-B, No.104. 6p. (In Portuguese) Internet: This Decree introduces a renewed schedule of occupational diseases, in line with the recommendations of Directive 90/326/EEC (see CIS 90-1061). The major change from the previous schedule concerns infectious and parasitic diseases: on one hand, fungal infections restricted to the skin are transferred to the corresponding clinical group. On the other hand, infectious diseases with clear occupational connotations (streptococcus suis, erysipeloid etc.) are included now in this group. HIV/AIDS, although not in the schedule, may be recognized as an occupational disease in certain situations. Regulatory Decree 12/80 (of 8 May) and its modification as given in the Despacho Normativo 253/82 (22 Nov.) are revoked. (76918)
CIS 01-943 Presidential Decree of 13 Apr. 1994 (No.336) - Regulation containing the new schedules of occupational diseases in industry and agriculture [Italy]. (Italian: Decreto del Presidente della Republica 13 Aprile 1994, n.336 - Regolamento recante le nuove tabelle delle malattie professionali nell'industria e nell'agricoltura) Gazzetta ufficiale, 7 June 1994, No.131. (In Italian) Internet: New schedule of occupational diseases in Italy, to replace the one included (and updated since) in Presidential Decree No.1124 of 30 June 1965 concerning compulsory insurance against occupational accidents and diseases (see CIS 91-353). The schedule connects occupational diseases with the occupations they may be found in. It also defines the maximum period after the cessation of work in an industry beyond which compensation for the relevant disease cannot be considered. (76937)
CIS 01-944 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 31 Jan. 1995 concerning the training of occupational physicians [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 31 janv. 1995 relatif à la formation du médecin du travail [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 10 Feb. 1995, No.11, p.584-585. (In French) Internet: This regulation defines the requirements in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical experience before a physician can be certified to practice occupational medicine. (76995)
CIS 01-945 Order No.178/2001 of the Government establishing conditions for health protection at work [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Nařízení vlády ze 18.4.2001, kterým se stanoví podmínky ochrany zdraví zaměstnanců při práci) Sbírka zákonů, 6 June 2001, No.68, p.3682-3693. (In Czech) Internet: This Government order defines how to evaluate risk factors and hazard classification of occupations, how to set exposure limits and how to measure the actual risks. (77232)
CIS 01-946 Programme of 9 May 2001 on preventive medical protection for the year 2001 [Macedonia]. (Macedonian: Programa za preventivna zdravstvena zaštita vo Republika Makedonija za 2001 godina) Služben Vesnik na Republika Makedonija, 16 May 2001, Year 57, No.39, p.2922-2957. (In Macedonian) Internet: This National Health Programme provides for, among other measures, radiation protection, medical supervision of exposed workers, epidemiological surveys and the collection of health statistics. (77249)
CIS 01-947 Act No.12.839 - Establishment of illness, invalidity and medical assistance insurance for workers and employees in the construction industry and related activities ... Act No. 13.106 modifying the above [Uruguay]. (Spanish: Ley N° 12.839 - Seguro de enfermedad, de invalidez y de asistencia médica - Se establece para los obreros y empleados de la industria de la construcción ... Ley N° 13.106 - (Modificación) [Uruguay]) Photocopy (5+2p.), 1960, 1962. (In Spanish) Internet: Law establishing a system of workmen's compensation for workers in the construction industry and related activities. A tripartite honorary commission (CHAMSEC) was set up to administer the system. The 1962 law modifying the 1960 Act is also included. (77073)
CIS 01-948 Mine Health and Safety Act - Regulations [South Africa]. Accident Prevention Consultants, P.O. Box 6251, Homestead 1412, South Africa, 2001. 110p. (1 binder). (In English) Internet: These Regulations were issued under the authority of the Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (see CIS 96-1928). As of 2001, the following Regulations have been promulgated: appointments and administration; health and safety representatives and committees; Inspectorate of Mine Health and Safety; miscellaneous and general provisions; occupational health; tripartite institutions; definitions; forms; accidents and dangerous occurrences. (76916)
CIS 01-949 Ministerial Resolution No.1148/2000 concerning safety and health in the construction industry [Cuba]. (Spanish: Resolución ministerial N° 1148/2000 sobre seguridad y salud en la construcción [Cuba]) Gaceta Oficial de la República de Cuba, 29 Nov. 2000, Year XCVIII, No.88, p.1747-1752. (In Spanish) Internet: This Resolution requires the preparation of a "Safety and Health Plan" before any construction work can take place, whether on new construction sites or in renovation work. (77240)
CIS 01-950 Order No.247/2001 of 20 May 2001 of the Government concerning the minimum safety and health requirements of work with visual display terminals [Slovak Republic]. (Slovak: Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky z 20. mája 2001 o minimálnych bezpečnostných a zdravotných požiadavkách pri práci so zobrazovacími jednotkami) Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 30 June 2001, No.104, p.2638-2641. (In Slovak) Internet: Order specifying the duties of employers related to the use of VDU terminals by their employees, as well as work-rest schedules related to such activities. (77235)
CIS 01-951 Act of 10 July 1995 concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations [Luxembourg]. (French: Loi du 10 juil. 1995 relative à la classification, à l'emballage et à l'étiquetage des préparations dangereuses [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 7 Aug. 1995, No.63, p.1514-1532. (In French) Internet: This law describes the various methods used for the determination of the harmful effects of chemical preparations. It defines the criteria by which preparations are classified as toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, carcinogenic and mutagenic, and it establishes safety measures concerning packaging and labelling. The two 1987 Acts (see CIS 92-1419) concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of paints, varnishes, printing inks, glues and solvents are repealed. In annex: limits of concentration to be used for the application of conventional methods for the evaluation of health risks; special provisions concerning labelling. (76997)
CIS 01-952 Act of 17 June 1994 concerning prevention and waste management [Luxembourg]. (French: Loi du 17 juin 1994 relative à la prévention et à la gestion des déchets [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 5 July 1994, No.57, p.1076-1086. (In French) Internet: Contents of this law: definition of different kinds of waste coverd by it; preparation of a waste management plan and related responsibilities; system for ministerial authorization of waste-disposal establishments; systems for the disposal of different kinds of waste. In annex: waste categories; waste elimination operations; operations involving the possibility of waste recovery. The Act of 26 June 1980 concerning waste elimination, as modified subsequently, is revoked. (76999)
CIS 01-953 Health and Safety - The Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances (Amendment) Regulations 1989 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1989. 4p. Price: GBP 0.90., ISBN 0-11-098208-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations amend the Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Regulations 1984 (CIS 89-29). They give effect with respect to Great Britain to the provisions of Directive 87/432/EEC (CIS 87-1162), as well as to the 1986 recommendations of the United Nations Committee on the transport of dangerous goods in relation to substances dangerous for conveyance. The main change introduced by this legislation is to provide for legal recogonition of the revision of the Approved List (of substances dangerous for supply, of risk and safety phrases, etc.). (76919)
CIS 01-954 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 29 Sep. 1995 concerning safety data sheets with information on dangerous substances and preparations [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 29 sept. 1995 concernant les fiches de données de sécurité comportant des informations relatives aux substances et préparations dangereuses [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 25 Oct. 1995, No.88, p.2048-2053. (In French) Internet: This Regulation implements in Luxembourg provisions of Directive 91/155/EEC (see CIS 93-1425), as modified by 93/112/EC (see CIS 94-768). It specifies that the costs of the preparation of safety data sheets are to be borne by manufacturers, importers and/or distributors. It also determines the contents of these documents. In annex: guide to the preparation of safety data sheets. (76998)
CIS 01-955 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 15 June 1994 establishing the organization, functioning and competences of the Consultative Committee for the Examination of Files on Substance Notification [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 15 juin 1994 déterminant l'organisation, le mode de fonctionnement et les attributions du comité consultatif pour l'examen des dossiers de notification des substances [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 8 July 1994, No.60, p.1122. (In French) Internet: This Regulation specifies the role of the Consultative Committee in examining and verifying the information on harmful substances submitted to it. (77000)
CIS 01-956 European Communities (Protection of Workers) (Exposure to Lead) Regulations, 1988 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1989. 28p., ISBN 0-7076-0500-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations implement in Ireland the provisions of Council Directive 82/605/EEC (see CIS 83-1783) of 28 July 1982 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to metallic lead (Pb) and its ionic compounds at work. Contents: definitions; application; assessment; air monitoring; hygiene; clinical assessment and biological surveillance; clinical examination; protective and preventive measures; provision of information; limit values (air concentration: 150µg/m3, TWA over 40h per week; blood Pb level: 70µg Pb/100mL in individual workers; ALAU measurement: 20mg/g creatinine); procedures for air monitoring; what to do if limits are exceeded; occupational health registers; duties of appointed doctors; access to information; responsibilities of workers; enforcement; offences and penalties. (77076)
CIS 01-957 European Communities (Protection of Workers) (Exposure to Asbestos) (Amendment) Regulations, 1993 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1993. 8p., ISBN 0-7076-0500-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations modify the European Communities (Protection of Workers) (Exposure to Asbestos) Regulations, 1989 (S.I. 34 of 1989), by introducing measures in compliance with the provisions of Directive 83/477/EEC of 19 Sep. 1983 (see CIS 84-327), as modified by 91/382/EEC of 25 June 1991 (see CIS 92-15) concerning the protection of workers against the risks of asbestos exposure. The Regulations introduce new "action levels" for 0.2 fibres/mL of air (for chrysotile) and 0.1 fibres/mL of air (for other kinds of asbestos) (8h ref. period for both), and for a 3-month cumulative exposure of 12 fibre-days per mL of air (for chrysotile) and of 6 fibre-days per mL of air (for other kinds of asbestos). The limit values for asbestos fibre concentration in workplace air, with reference to an 8h reference period, are reduced to 0.6 fibres/mL of air (for chrysotile), and to 0.3 fibres/mL of air (for other kinds of asbestos). Work in the presence of low-density asbestos-containing materials (density < 1g/cm3) is banned. Changes are introduced into the requirements of plans to be prepared before demolition work involving asbestos can start. (77077)
CIS 01-958 European Communities (Dangerous Substances and Preparations) (Marketing and Use) Regulations, 1994 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1994. 35p., ISBN 0-7076-0500-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations introduce into Irish legislation the provisions of Directive 76/769/EEC of 27 July 1976 (see CIS 92-22) concerning the the approximation of legislation relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. The Regulations establish the conditions under which dangerous substances and preparations listed in the annex may be placed on the market, and it defines the powers of inspectors charged with the supervision of such activities. Special provisions are included concerning the labelling of asbestos-containing products. (77078)
CIS 01-959 European Communities (Classification, Packaging, Labelling and Notification of Dangerous Substances) Regulations 1994 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1994. 64p., ISBN 0-7076-0500-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations implement Directive 92/32/EEC of 30 Apr. 1992 (see CIS 92-726), amending for the 7th time Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23) on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances, together with eight other associated Commission Directives. The Regulations apply to all substances which may be placed on the market, with the exception of certain categories specifically excluded (e.g. medicines, cosmetics, pesticides, waste). They require manufacturers, importers and other persons proposing to place a chemical on the market for the first time to submit to the competent authority a notification containing information on the substance, and the proposed classification and labelling of the substance. Suppliers of such substances must supply material safety data sheets, put warning labels on containers of dangerous substances and ensure that the containers are properly secured against spillage or seepage during use. (77079)
CIS 01-960 European Communities (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Preparations) Regulations, 1995 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1995. 118p., ISBN 0-7076-0500-8 (In English) Internet: These Regulations implement in Ireland the provisions of Directive 88/379/EEC of 7 June 1988 (see CIS 91-21) concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations placed on the market. They apply to all dangerous preparations, with exceptions for certain categories (e.g. pesticides, cosmetics). Certain preparations which would not be classified as dangerous by these Regulations are nevertheless subject to specific labelling requirements if they are listed in Annex II of the Directive. The Regulations also implement some other related Commission Directives adapting to technical progress the Annexes of Directive 88/379/EEC. The Regulation of 1992 with the same title (S.I. 393 of 1992) is repealed. (77080)
CIS 01-961 Commission Directive 2001/58/EC of 27.7.2001 amending for the second time Directive 91/155/EEC [...] for the system of specific information relating to dangerous preparations [...] and relating to dangerous substances [...] (safety data sheets) [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 2001/58/CE ... du 27.7.2001 portant 2e modification de la dir. 91/155/CEE définissant ... les modalités du système d'information spécifique relatif ... aux substances dangereuses (fiches de données de sécurité) [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 7 Aug. 2001, Vol.44, No.L 212, p.24-33. (In English, French) Internet: This Directive defines the modalities of compiling a safety data sheet for dangerous chemical substances and praparations in line with the provisions of Directives 67/548/EEC (see CIS 92-23) and 1999/45/EC (see CIS 00-1517). (77243)
CIS 01-962 Commission Directive 2001/59/EC of 6.8.2001 adapting to technical progress for the 28th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 2001/59/CE de la Commission du 6.8.2001 portant 28e adaptation au progrès technique de la dir. 67/548/CEE du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 21 Aug. 2001, Vol.44, No.L 225, whole issue (333p.) Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English, French) Internet: This is the latest update of the basic European Directive on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous chemicals (see CIS 92-23). It contains updates of annexes as well as completely new ones. Where appropriate, it includes Finnish- and Swedish-language equivalents of terms listed in previous updates in the other official languages of the European Union (EU). Important contents: names of chemical elements and chemical classification terms in the 11 official languages of the EU; update listing of dangerous chemicals (index number, name, EC and CAS no., classification and labelling codes, concentration limits [if any]); labels, R- and S-phrases in all 11 official languages of the EU; protocols and guidance for certain toxicity tests in animals and for adsorption/desorption soil tests; general classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances; requirements for reduced test packages for intermediate quantities. (77244)
CIS 01-963 Regulation of 23 April 2001 on the protection of workers against the risk of exposure to asbestos at work [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Pravilnik o varovanju delavcev pred tveganji zaradi izpostavljenosti azbestu pri delu) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 5 May 2001, Vol.11, No.33, p.3700-3705. Illus. (In Slovenian) Internet: This Regulation defines the obligations of employers regarding the protection of workers likely to be exposed to asbestos dust or dust from asbestos-containing materials in the workplace. (77245)
CIS 01-964 Royal Decree No.374/2001 of 6 Apr. concerning the safety and health protection of workers against chemical agents at work [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 374/2001, de 6 de abril, sobre la protección de la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con los agentes químicos durante el trabajo [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 1 May 2001, Year 341, No.104, p.15893-15898; corrections in issues: 30 May 2001, No.129, p.18926, and 22 June 2001, No.149, p.22272. (In Spanish) Internet: This Decree implements the provisions of Act No.31/1995 (see CIS 95-1921) on the prevention of occupational hazards insofar as chemical hazards are concerned. It also implements in Spain the provisions of Directives 98/24/EC (CIS 98-1094) and 2000/39/EC. Contents: scope and definitions; obligations of employers; general principles of prevention of chemical hazards; specific means of prevention and protection; health surveillance; measures to take in the case of accidents, incidents and emergencies; prohibited activities; information and training of workers; consultation and participation of workers. The Order of 9 Apr. 1986 on the protection of workers against lead exposure (CIS 86-1797) and Royal Order 88/1990 (26 Jan.) on the protection of workers against specific agents and activities are repealed. In annex: environmental exposure limit to lead (0.15mg/m3). (77246)
CIS 01-965 Comm. Dir. 2001/90/EC of 26.10.2001 adapting to technical progress for the 7th time Annex I to Council Dir. 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws ... relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances ... (Creosote) [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 2001/90/CE...du 26.10.2001 portant 7e adaptation au progrès technique (créosote) de l'annexe I de la dir. 76/769/CEE...concernant le rapprochement des dispositions...relatives à la limitation de la mise sur le marché et de l'emploi de certaines substances...[Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 27 Oct. 2001, Vol.44, No.L 283, p.41-43. (In English, French) Internet: This Directive modifies Annex I of Directive 76/769/EEC (see CIS 92-22), by further restricting the use of creosote and related coal-tar derivatives. Essentially, creosote and related products cannot be used in the treatment of wood, although some derogations are provided. However, wood treated with creosote under such derogations cannot be used inside buildings, in playgrounds and in some other situations where the treated wood may present a danger to people. The reason for this new restriction on the use of creosote is that there is new scientific evidence for the significantly increased carcinogenicity of creosote, even when its benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) content is < 0.005% by mass. (77248)
CIS 01-966 Commission Directive 2000/39/EC of 8 June 2000 establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 2000/39/CE ... du 8.6.2000 relative à l'établissement d'une 1re liste de valeurs limites d'exposition ... en application de la dir. 98/24/CE ... concernant la protection ... des travailleurs contre les risques liés à des agents chimiques ... [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 16 June 2000, Vol.43, No.L 142, p.47-50. (In English, French) Internet: This Directive provides indicative exposure limits for 63 substances in line with the provisions of Directive 98/24/EC (see CIS 98-1094). For each substance the following information is given: EINECS and CAS number; 8h TWA limit value (in mg/m3 and ppm); short-term limit value (in mg/m3 and ppm); skin notation (when present). Member States are expected to introduce these limit values into their legislation by 31 Dec. 2001. Directive 96/94/EC (see CIS 97-9), which provided the previous listing of substances with indicative exposure limits, is repealed. (77250)
CIS 01-967 Decree No.2001-840 of 13.9.2001 modifying Decrees No.96-97 and 96-98 concerning the exposure of workers to asbestos [France]. (French: Décret n°2001-840 du 13.9.2001 modifiant [les] décrets n°96-97 ... et ... n°96-98 du 7.2.1996 relatifs à l'exposition à l'amiante [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 18 Sep. 2001, Year 133, No.216, p.14799-14801. (In French) Internet: Modification of two 1996 Decrees concerning the exposure of workers to asbestos in existing buildings and to asbestos dust in various activities (see CIS 96-404). In annex: building parts needing control during the identification of asbestos hazards. (77254)
CIS 01-968 Regulation No.3880 of 16 July 2001 on conditions under which it is permitted to remove materials containing asbestos during the renovation and demolition of buildings and during the maintenance of buildings, installations and equipment [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Pravilnik o pogojih, pod katerimi se lahko pri rekonstrukciji ali odstranitvi objektov in pri vzdrževalnih delih na objektih, instalacijah ali napravah odstranjujejo materiali, ki vsebujejo azbest) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 14 Sep. 2001, Year XI, No.72, p.7484-7489. (In Slovenian) Internet: These regulations provide for the safety of workers during the removal of asbestos from buildings and related activities. (77255)
CIS 01-969 Notification No.12/2001 of 13 Dec. 2000 of the Ministry of Health concerning radiation protection [Slovak Republic]. (Slovak: Vyhláška Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej republiky z 13. decembra 2000 o požiadavkách na zabezpečenie radiačnej ochrany) Zbierka zákonov slovenskej republiky, 24 Jan. 2001, No.6, p.70-80. (In Slovak) Internet: This Notification defines the conditions for safe work with ionizing radiation. (77236)
CIS 01-970 Decree No.19/2001/ND-CP of May 11, 2001 on sanctioning administrative violations in the field of radiation safety and control [Vietnam]. Công Báo - Official Gazette, 15 June 2001, No.22, p.14-24. (In English) Internet: This Decree introduces administrative sanctions for violations of the law on radiation safety not serious enough for criminal prosecution. (77247)
CIS 01-971 Radiation Safety (General) Regulations 1983 [Australia - Western Australia]. Summary with CIS (3p.) (In English) Internet: Regulations implementing the provisions of the Radiation Safety Act 1975 (CIS 92-1435). This version includes all amendments introduced since 1983 (including by the 1997 Amendment abstracted as CIS 97-1787). Main topics: preliminary (incl. exemptions); general precautions and requirements relating to radiation safety; radioactive substances; irradiating apparatus; electronic products (microwave ovens, lasers). In annex: dose limits and maximum permissible exposure limits; radiation warning symbol; exempted quantities and products; list of maximum concentration values for radioactive elements in air and water above natural background; requirements connected with the operation of radiation-producing apparatus. (77256)
CIS 01-972 Commission Directive 2001/2/EC of 4.1.2001 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 1999/36/EC on transportable pressure equipment [European Communities]. (French: Directive 2001/2/CE de la Commission du 4.1.2001 portant adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 1999/36/CE du Conseil relative aux équipements sous pression transportables [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 10 Jan. 2001, Vol.44. No.L 5, p.4-5. (In English, French) Internet: This Directive replaces Annex V of Directive 1999/36/EC (see CIS 00-1530) concerning the modules to be followed for conformity assessment of transportable pressure equipment. (77242)
CIS 01-973 Directive 2001/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4.12.2001 establishing harmonised requirements and procedures for the safe loading and unloading of bulk carriers [European Communities]. (French: Directive 2001/96/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 4.12.2001 établissant des exigences et des procédures harmonisées pour le chargement et le déchargement sûrs des vraquiers [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 16 Jan. 2002, Vol.45, No.L 13, p.9-20. (In English, French) Internet: This Directive aims at the reduction of shipping accidents involving bulk carriers (i.e. single-deck cargo ships carrying dry cargo or mineral ore). Contents: definitions; requirements in relation to the suitability of bulk carriers and terminals; responsibilities of masters and terminal representatives; procedures between bulk carriers and terminals; role of competent authorities; repair of damage incurred, during loading or unloading; verification and reporting. Member States of the European Union are required to adopt and publish the provisions of this Directive before 5 Aug. 2003, and apply them from 1 Mar. 2004. (77252)
Chemical data sheets and criteria documentsCIS 01-974 Dibutylphthalate. (Spanish: Ftalato dibutílico) Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 2001, Vol.63, No.2, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 5mg/m3 (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Toxicity: nausea, vertigo and watering of the eyes; photophobia (ingestion); irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract (inhalation of vapours). (76951)
CIS 01-975 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene. (Spanish: 4-Dimetilaminoazobenceno) Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 2001, Vol.63, No.2, 5p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Chronic toxicity: contact dermatitis; vertigo; euphoria; breathlessness; irregular muscular movements; blueish colour of the skin (methaemoglobinaemia). (76952)
CIS 01-976 2-Hexanone. (Spanish: 2-Hexanona) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 2001, Vol.63, No.4, 5p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limits: 410mg/m3 or 100ppm (OSHA); 4mg/m3 or 1ppm (NIOSH); 20mg/m3 or 5ppm (ACGIH). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute toxicity: headache; drowsiness; unconsciousness; moderate irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Chronic toxicity: nausea; loss of weight; fatigue; tingling and shooting pain in the arms and legs; peripheral neuropathy; skin irritation and inflammation. (76953)
CIS 01-977 Ethylene oxide. (Spanish: Óxido de etileno) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 2001, Vol.63, No.4, 5p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limits: 1ppm (OSHA); 0.18mg/m3 or 0.1ppm and max. 9mg/m3 or 5ppm for 10min (NIOSH); 2mg/m3 or 1ppm A2 (ACGIH). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute toxicity: nausea, headache; vomiting; drowsiness; coordination disorders; irritation of the eyes, throat and respiratory tract; chemical burns; oedema; severe skin diseases. Chronic toxicity: skin sensitization; loss of smell; peripheral neuropathy; anaemia; platelet chromosomal changes; increased abortion; leukaemia; stomach cancer. (76954)
CIS 01-978 Hydrogen selenide. (Spanish: Seleniuro de hidrógeno) Noticias de seguridad, May 2001, Vol.63, No.5, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 0.2mg/m3 or 0.05ppm (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation. Toxicity: irritation of the eyes, throat and respiratory tract; nausea; vomiting; diarrhoea; metallic taste in the mouth; garlic smelling breath; fatigue. (76955)
CIS 01-979 TEDP. (Spanish: TEDP) Noticias de seguridad, May 2001, Vol.63, No.5, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 0.2mg/m3 (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Acute toxicity: cholinesterase inhibition; effects may be delayed; respiratory symptoms; blurred vision; watering of the eyes; blueish skin; sweating; tremors; spasms; respiratory failure; vertigo; confusion; arrhythmia. Chronic toxicity: increased susceptibility to other chemicals. (76956)
CIS 01-980 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine. (Spanish: 1,1-Dimetilhidracina) Noticias de seguridad, June 2001, Vol.63, No.6, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limits: 1mg/m3 or 0.5ppm (OSHA); 0.15mg/m3 or 0.06ppm (NIOSH); 1.0mg/m3 or 0.5ppm A2 (ACGIH). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute toxicity: feeling of suffocation; dyspnoea; lethargy; vomiting; liver damage; irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Chronic toxicity: lung irritation; conjunctivitis; irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. (76957)
CIS 01-981 Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC). (Spanish: Dinitro-orto-cresol (DNOC)) Noticias de seguridad, June 2001, Vol.63, No.6, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limits: 0.2mg/m3 (OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH). Exposure routes: inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Acute toxicity: euphoria; irritation of the skin and eyes; headache; fatigue; nausea; skin redness; jaundice; muscular coordination problems; cough; sudation; increase of heart rate; collapse; coma. Chronic toxicity: anxiety; loss of weight; jaundice. (76958)
CIS 01-982 Glycidyl isopropyl ether (GIE). (Spanish: Eter isopropílico de glicidol (EIG)) Noticias de seguridad, July 2001, Vol.63, No.7, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limits: 240mg/m3 or 50ppm (OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH); short-term exposure 360mg/m3 or 75ppm (ACGIH). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute toxicity: confusion; moderate irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Chronic toxicity: skin diseases and skin sensitization. (76959)
CIS 01-983 Methyl methacrylate. (Spanish: Metacrilato de metilo) Noticias de seguridad, July 2001, Vol.63, No.7, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 410mg/m3 or 100ppm (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin, nose and throat; vertigo; unconsciousness. Acute toxicity: skin diseases. (76960)
CIS 01-984 Trichloromethane. (French: Trichlorométhane) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. Illus. 21 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 87-867. Synonym: chloroform. Acute toxicity: coma; respiratory depression; cardiovascular collapse; liver and kidney damage; irritation of the skin and eyes; conjunctivitis; keratitis (sometimes irreversible); anaesthesia (inhalation). Chronic toxicity: neurological signs; irritation of the skin and mucous membranes; skin diseases; central and peripheral nervous system disorders; liver damage. Exposure limits: TWA = 25mg/m3 or 5ppm (France), 10ppm (ACGIH 1991); ceiling value = 250mg/m3 or 50ppm (France). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.602-006-00-4; Xn, R22, R38, R40, R48/20/22, S36/37. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77081)
CIS 01-985 Nitrobenzene. (French: Nitrobenzène) Falcy M., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Serre P., de Ceaurriz J., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 5p. Illus. 37 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of eye and respiratory membranes and of the skin; burning sensation of the mouth and throat (ingestion); nausea, vomiting; disturbances of the coordination; tachycardia; low blood pressure; unconsciousness; methaemoglobinaemia; haemolytic anaemia; encephalopathy. Chronic toxicity: nausea; headache; haemolytic anaemia; neurologic disorders. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 5mg/m3 (1ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.609-003-00-7; T, N, R23/24/25, R40, R48/23/24, R62, R51/53, S28, S36/37, S45, S61, 202-716-0. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77082)
CIS 01-986 Pyridine. (French: Pyridine) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. 19 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonym: azine. Toxicity: skin diseases and skin burns; skin allergies; photosensitization; headache; vertigo; anorexia; nausea; liver and kidney disorders. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 15mg/m3 (5ppm); ceiling value = 30mg/m3 (10ppm). Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77083)
CIS 01-987 1,2-Dibromoethane. (French: 1,2-Dibromoéthane) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. Illus. 21 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonym: ethylene bromide. Acute toxicity: gastric pain and vomiting; neuropsychic symptoms; irritation of the digestive, ocular and respiratory mucous membranes; hyperleucocytosis; rhambdomyolysis; liver and kidney damage; haemodynamic disorders; pulmonary oedema; myocarditis; effects of inhalation or skin contact may be delayed; caustic skin lesions. Chronic toxicity: no date available; carcinogenic effects and effects on reproduction have been shown on animals. Exposure limit (Germany): TRK 1987 = 0.8mg/m3 (0.1ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No. 602-010-00-6, T, R45, R23/24/25, R36/37/38, S53, S44. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. Replaces the 1987 information sheet abstracted as CIS 87-809. (77084)
CIS 01-988 Coal tar pitch. (French: Brai de houille) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 3p. 14 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonym: pitch. Toxicity: skin lesions (acne, irritation, pigmentation disorders, hyperkeratosis); skin cancer; digestive disorders; bronchopulmonary damage. Exposure limit (France): TWA = 0.2mg/m3. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77085)
CIS 01-989 Beryllium and its inorganic compounds. (French: Béryllium et ses composés minéraux) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 6p. Illus. 21 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 89-1776. Synonym: glucinium. Acute toxicity: respiratory disorders (rhinopharyngeal or bronchial irritation, acute bronchopneumopathy, pulmonary oedema); irritative contact dermatitis; necrotic ulcerations; eye irritation and conjunctivitis. Chronic toxicity: carcinogen; berylliosis. Exposure limits (France, USA): TWA = 0.002mg/m3 (as Be). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.004-001-00-7 (beryllium), No.004-002-00-2 (beryllium compounds); T+, R49, R25, R26, R36/37/38, R43, R48/23, S53, S45. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77086)
CIS 01-990 White spirit. (French: White-spirit) Brondeau M.T., Pillière F., Jargot D., Mirival S., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 5p. Illus. 16 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: Stoddard solvent, low boiling point hydrated naphta, turpentine substitute. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin and eyes, neurological effects (headache, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, depression of the central nervous system); digestive tract irritation or lesions of the intestinal mucous membrane irritation (ingestion); pneumopathy due to inhalation may be delayed. Chronic toxicity: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract, asthenia; effects on the central nervous system; glomerulopathy. Exposure limits: TWA = 1000mg/m3; objective 500mg/m3 (France); 525mg/m3 or 100ppm (AGCIH for stoddard solvent). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.649-345-004; Xn, R10, R65, S23, S24, S62, 265-150-3. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. The printed version of this information sheet was abstracted as CIS 99-1784. (77087)
CIS 01-991 2,4-Dinitrophenol. (French: 2,4-Dinitrophénol) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. 22 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: fatigue; intense thirst; polypnoea; digestive disorders; hyperthermia; cyanosis; muscular cramps; coma; cardiovascular collapse; cerebral oedema. Chronic toxicity: digestive disorders (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea); liver and kidney damage; cataracts; peripheral neuritis; skin diseases. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77088)
CIS 01-992 Cresols. (French: Crésols) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. Illus. 24 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 89-1461. Acute toxicity: digestive disorders due to the caustic effect; systemic disorders (neuromuscular and cardiovascular disorders, methaemoglobinaemia); hepatic cytolyis; renal tubular necrosis; pulmonary oedema which may be delayed; chemical burns. Chronic toxicity: functional disorders due to systemic poisoning; hepatic, renal and pancreatic damage; skin diseases which may cause necrosis. Exposure limit (France): TWA = 22mg/m3 (5ppm). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.604-004-00-9; T, R24/25, R34, S36/37/39, S44 (isomer mix). Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. (77089)
CIS 01-993 Dibutyl phthalate. (French: Phtalate de dibutyle) Beausoleil C., Clavel T., Falcy M., Hesbert A., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. 21 ref. (In French) Internet: Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP. Acute toxicity: moderate irritation of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract; conjunctivitis. Chronic toxicity: central neuropathy (narcosis), peripheral neuropathy (sensorimotor polyneuritis) or autonomous neuropathy; haematological effects; decrease of fertility in women and abnormal menstrual cycle. Exposure limit (France): TWA = 5mg/m3. EEC number : No.201-557-4. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. Replaces the 1972 information sheet abstracted as CIS 72-2550. (77090)
Training materials and practical informationCIS 01-994 Protective clothing. (Spanish: Ropa de protección) Portillo García-Pintos J., Bahima Toha J., Cohen Gómez E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 24p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-545-7 (In Spanish) Internet: This guide presents the various types and classes of protective clothing along with the pictogrammes used for labelling. It gives guidance to the proper selection, wear and maintenance of protective clothing. (77067)
CIS 01-995 Safety and health signalling in workplaces. (Portuguese: Sinalização de segurança e saúde nos locais de trabalho) Franco M.H., Vieira L., Brandão Guedes A., Azevedo J., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Nov. 1999. 61p. Illus. 16 ref., ISBN 972-8321-33-3 (In Portuguese) Internet: Safety signs represent a useful means for occupational hazards prevention. This guide defines the various types of signalling and presents a series of pictogrammes, explaining the message they convey and the place where they should be affixed. The various gestures of hand signalling are also presented. (77061)
CIS 01-996 Worplace safety and health - New legislation. (Italian: Sicurezza e salute nei luoghi di lavoro - La nuova legislazione) Greco E., Ombuen G., Tosti M.P., Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00916 Roma, Italy, [2001]. 32p. Illus. (In Italian) Internet: Aimed at workers, this booklet summarizes the recent provisions of the Italian legislative decree 626/94 (see CIS 96-1531) concerning safety and health at the workplace. Contents include: general protective measures; responsibilities of employers; rights and responsibilities of employees; organization and activities of occupational safety and health services; medical surveillance; workers' safety representatives; information of workers; preparation of a rescue and emergency plan; safety signs; training of workers; penalties. (76982)
CIS 01-997 Safety and health in the workplace: Information. (French: Sécurité et santé sur les lieux de travail: informations; German: Sicherheit und Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz: Informations; Italian: Sicurezza e salute nei luoghi di lavoro: Informazioni per i lavoratori stranieri; Spanish: Seguridad y salud en los puestos de trabajo: Informaciones) Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00916 Roma, Italy, 2000. 76p. Illus. (In English, French, German, Italian, Spanish) Internet: This information note in four languages is aimed at foreign workers in Italy. It explains the legal provisions applicable to occupational safety and health. It cites the most important provisions of the Italian laws 624/94 (see CIS 96-1531) et 242/96. Contents include: responsibilities of employers with respect to controlling hazards; role of workers' safety representatives; role of the company physician; role of safety delegates; responsibilities of employees; information and training of employees; safety signs; penalties imposed on companies violating safety standards; reporting and compensation of occupational accidents. (76989)
CIS 01-998 The health and safety coach - Compendium of risk assessment questionnaires. Martin C., Gower Publishing Limited, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 2001. xii, 344p. Index., ISBN 0-566-08391-4 (In English) Internet: This manual covers a wide range of over 100 safety and health issues in the form of questionnaires. Working through any of these questionnaires should enable managers and safety representatives develop a complete picture of the problems which need to be addressed to ensure safe working. The questions help define each task or activity and the associated hazards, encourage managers and safety representatives to seek further information and challenge them to question their current systems and attitudes. (76930)
CIS 01-999 Safety and health resource guide for small businesses. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 2000. 47p. Illus. 154 ref. Index. (In English) Internet: This guide is intended to help small business owners and managers deal with occupational safety and health concerns. It contains telephone numbers, e-mail and Internet addresses and mailing information to connect small businesses to government agencies, private organizations and consultants who can help with occupational safety and health issues. (76942)
CIS 01-1000 Essentials of health and safety at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., Nov. 2000. iv, 61p. Illus. 301 ref. Price: GBP 5.95., ISBN 0-7176-0716-X (In English) Internet: Revised edition (for previous ed., see CIS 94-830) of a training manual aimed primarily at small enterprises. Contents: organizing for safety (legislative requirements, labour inspection); premises (workplaces, building work); plant and machinery (machines, gas- and oil-fired equipment, maintenance, pressurized plant and systems, handling and transport, noise, vibrations, radiations, electricity); substances (harmful, flammable and explosive substances); procedures (safe systems, accidents and emergencies); people (health care, personal protective equipment, selection and training). (76949)
CIS 01-1001 Managing risk - Adding value. How big firms manage contractual relations to reduce risk: A study. (Spanish: La gestión del riesgo - Un valor añadido. Cómo gestionan las grandes empresas sus relaciones contractuales para reducir riesgos: Estudio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2000. vi, 82p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-572-4 (In Spanish) Internet: Spanish translation of the HSE report abstracted under CIS 99-107. The report analyses the approach taken by large organizations in the area of managing risks in their dealings with their subcontractors. Based on interviews with large enterprises in various industrial sectors, this study is divided into three parts: description of the quality management system and of the subcontractor selection process; examples of approaches taken by 23 British companies; examples highlighting current trends en risk management policy within enterprises. (76985)
CIS 01-1002 Forestry work - Prevention manual. (Portuguese: Trabalho florestal - Manual de prevenção) Teixeira F., Gardete J.J., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, June 1998. 75p. Illus. 6 ref., ISBN 972-8321-21-X (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual provides for the information and training of forestry workers. Starting from the most representative processes of this activity, the basic operations of forestry and logging are described, and the most serious and common risks are identified along with adequate preventive measures. (77193)
CIS 01-1003 Health and safety in the steel industry - A workers' handbook. International Metalworkers Federation, 54bis route des Acacias, 1227 Carouge, Genève, Switzerland, 1999. 148p. Illus. 48 ref. Index. (In English) Internet: Aimed at safety representatives, labour inspection services and steel and foundry workers, this guide is designed to improve working conditions in the industry. It provides guidance on the best standards of safety and health worldwide. A first section describes safety and health issues associated with various phases of the steel production process and the manufacture of steel products; a section on occupational diseases describes the main health problems of steel and foundry workers; finally, a section on hazards explains the physical, chemical and psychological causes of steelworkers' health problems, and proposes appropriate methods of prevention. Internationally-accepted exposure standards are presented. (76941)
CIS 01-1004 Automobile repair - Prevention manual. (Portuguese: Reparação automóvel - Manual de prevenção) Rocha Ribeiro V., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, July 1998. 397p. Illus. 48 ref., ISBN 972-8321-23-6 (In Portuguese) Internet: Safety and health hazards of the most common activities of automobile repair shops (mechanics, bodywork, painting and electricity) are presented along with basic concepts and principles of prevention. The main risks are analysed, and indications are provided on their assessment, elimination or limitation. Modern workshops, equipment and products must be adapted to the worker, respectful of the interior and exterior environment, and they must integrate safety at all levels. (77194)
CIS 01-1005 Safety, health and welfare on construction sites - A training manual. (Chinese: Jianzhu gongdi anquan weisheng yu fuli: Peixun shouche) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, no date. 96p. Illus. (In Chinese) Internet: This training manual is a Chinese translation of the version originally published in English (CIS 95-473) and is aimed essentially at readers in emerging or developing countries. Contents: safety organization and management; site planning and layout; excavations; scaffolding; ladders; hazardous processes (roof work, steel erection, work over water, demolition, confined spaces, piling); vehicles; movement of materials; working positions, tools and equipment, the working environment (hazardous substances, noise and vibration, exposure to heat and cold); personal protective equipment; welfare facilities. (76921)
CIS 01-1006 Safety, health and welfare on construction sites - A training manual. (Polish: Bezpieczeństwo, zdrowie i higiena pracy na terenach budowy - Podręcznik szkoleniowy) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. 106p. Illus., ISBN 83-86539-40-2 (In Polish) Internet: This training manual is a Polish translation of the version originally published in English (CIS 95-473) and is aimed essentially at readers in emerging or developing countries. Contents: safety organization and management; site planning and layout; excavations; scaffolding; ladders; hazardous processes (roof work, steel erection, work over water, demolition, confined spaces, piling); vehicles; movement of materials; working positions, tools and equipment, the working environment (hazardous substances, noise and vibration, exposure to heat and cold); personal protective equipment; welfare facilities. (76922)
CIS 01-1007 Electrical and electronic material manufacturing sector - Prevention manual. (Portuguese: Sector do material eléctrico e electrónico - Manual de prevenção) Cavalleri A., Ivo Gonçalves A., Antunes A.M., Neves J., Coelho L., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, May 1999. 373p. Illus. 45 ref., ISBN 972-8321-27-9 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual, published in collaboration with the Portuguese National Association of Manufacturers of Electrical and Electronics Materials (ANIMEE), provides an overview of occupational safety and health in the industry. Contents: organization of occupational safety and health services; occupational safety in the sector; occupational hygiene (noise and vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, dangerous substances, the thermal environment, ventilation, lighting, order and cleanliness); ergonomic issues; personal protective equipment; safety signs; emergency plans; offices, storage areas and staff rooms; safety and health on construction sites; health surveillance; accident investigation and analysis; training and information of workers. In annex: glossary; labelling of dangerous substances; sample emergency plan; relevant legislation and standards in Portugal. (77195)
CIS 01-1008 Graphic arts. (Spanish: Artes gráficas) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2000. 49p. Illus. 46 ref., ISBN 84-7425-570-8 (In Spanish) Internet: This guide in the form of check lists of potential hazards in the graphic arts sector and corresponding prevention measures is aimed at managers of small enterprises. Contents: workplaces and equipment (entanglement, cuts and sectioning, falls of objects or flying objects, falls from heights or on the level); electrical hazards; physical hazards (noise, burns, exposure to radiation); dangerous chemicals; fires and explosions; design of workplaces; work organization; list of relevant laws and regulations in Spain; hazard evaluation methods. (76983)
CIS 01-1009 School workers' health and safety guide. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1996. vi, 130p. Illus. Price: CAD 10.00 (Canada); USD 10.00 (elsewhere)., ISBN 0-660-16591-0 (In English) Internet: This guide is the English version of a document whose French-language version has already been analysed (see CIS 99-762). It is aimed at workers, supervisors, teachers, principals, school board officials and safety and health committee members in schools and other educational establishments. Its objective is to enable persons working in schools and other educational establishments to recognize workplace hazards, prevent accidents and injuries by safe work practices and use of personal protective equipment, deal with accidents and emergencies and understand their duties and rights under occupational safety and health legislation. A list of addresses of government departments in Canada that can be contacted for additional information is also included. (76923)
CIS 01-1010 Food service workers' safety guide. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 2nd ed., 1998. 102p. Illus. Price: CAD 10.00 (Canada); USD 10.00 (elsewhere)., ISBN 0-660-17647-5 (In English) Internet: This guide is aimed at all persons working in food preparation and service organizations such as hotels, restaurants, catering facilities and fast food establishments. Its objective is to enable persons working in restaurants and related establishments to recognize workplace hazards, prevent accidents and injuries by safe work practices and use of personal protective equipment, deal with accidents and emergencies and understand their duties and rights under occupational safety and health legislation. A list of addresses of government departments that can be contacted for additional information is also included. (76924)
CIS 01-1011 Involving employees in health and safety - Forming partnerships in the chemical industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2001. iv, 67p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-2053-0 (In English) Internet: This guide contains case studies from a cross-section of chemical companies where safety and health management systems were developed and implemented with the active participation of employees and their representatives. The case studies have been selected to highlight the benefits of improved partnerships, to describe how effective workforce involvement can be achieved and illustrate how such involvement is an integral part of good safety and health management systems. Appendices include a summary of the legal requirements and a questionnaire for assessing the current degree of workforce involvement in safety and health matters. (76926)
CIS 01-1012 Industrial robot safety. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 2000. iv, 51p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: GBP 13.50., ISBN 0-7176-1310-0 (In English) Internet: This second edition of the guidance note on industrial robot safety (for the first edition issued in 1988, see CIS 89-1241) takes into account technical developments as well as recent safety and health laws and regulations. It sets out recommendations for safeguarding industrial robots commonly used for welding, painting and assembly tasks. Contents: safeguarding robot systems; safety at the design stage, and during installation, commissioning, use, programming and maintenance; training; identification of hazards and assessment of risk; safeguarding methods; interfacing with the robot controller. An appendix includes seven case studies of safeguarding in real installations. (76950)
CIS 01-1013 Introduction to asbestos essentials. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2001. viii, 80p. Illus. 21 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1901-X (In English) Internet: High exposures to asbestos until the 1970s are estimated to be responsible for 2000-3000 deaths per year in the United Kingdom. To ensure that high levels of exposure do not occur during work on asbestos-containing materials (ACMs), a rigorous regulatory licensing scheme has been introduced. This guidance is intended for work with ACMs that does not fall under the licensing regulations, and is aimed at all persons controlling or carrying out maintenance work with ACMs. Contents include: introduction and definitions; where asbestos is likely to be encountered; legal aspects; managing the risk from work with asbestos; precautions for emergency services; general considerations of safe work. Guidance for specific equipment, methods and tasks is provided in a companion manual (see CIS 01-1014). (76927)
CIS 01-1014 Asbestos essentials - Task manual. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2001. vi, 76p. Illus. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1887-0 (In English) Internet: This companion manual to the guidance booklet "Introduction to asbestos essentials" (see CIS 01-1013) offers guidance for the use of eight specific pieces of equipment and methods, as well as for 25 different work tasks. The guidance sheets describe how the work should be carried out, what equipment to use, and how to use it. They highlight where asbestos is most likely to be found and how to ensure personal protection. It is aimed at persons involved in building maintenance, repair or refurbishment, as well as at safety and health representatives. (76928)
CIS 01-1015 CHIP 2 for everyone. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Mar. 2001. iv, 46p. Illus. Price: GBP 6.75., ISBN 0-7176-0857-3 (In English) Internet: This guide explains the basic requirements of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1994 (CHIP) (see CIS 95-23). Responsibilities of chemical suppliers are described in terms of classification of substances, provision of hazard information (safety data sheets, labelling) and packaging. Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers and importers are also outlined. Replaces CIS 95-488. (76929)
CIS 01-1016 A simple guide to the Biocidal Products Regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2001. 7p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English) Internet: The Biocidal Products Regulations (BPR) apply to producers of biocides and of their active ingredients, as well as to importers of these substances into the United Kingdom. The purpose of the Regulations is to ensure that all products on sale are safe when used properly and that they can be traded freely within the European Union. Contents include: responsibilities; definition of biocidal products; ill effects; applicability and enforcement of the regulations. (76945)
CIS 01-1017 Risks in the automated processing of radiographic films - Advantages, disadvantages and control. (Spanish: Riesgos en el procesado automático de películas radiográficas - ventajas, inconvenientes y control) Gálvez Cervantes J., Martín Suárez V., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2000. 31p. Illus. 5 ref., ISBN 84-7425-571-6 (In Spanish) Internet: This booklet explains the various steps in the automated development of radiographic films, the advantages and disadvantages of this process, the risks to health (mainly eye and respiratory tract irritation, and respiratory disorders) as well as preventive measures to be implemented (ventilation, wearing of respirators). An appendix provides the classification and effects on health of the various chemicals used. (76984)
CIS 01-1018 Use of dangerous chemicals. (Portuguese: Utilização de produtos químicos perigosos) Franco M.H., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalhho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Apr. 1999. 55p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 972-8321-25-2 (In Portuguese) Internet: The use of dangerous chemical products at the workplace is a risk factor. Employers and employees must be aware of this risk and receive proper information about the hazards and the preventive measures to be observed to ensure safety at work. Adequate labelling and safety data sheets are effective means of helping the employers implement programmes aimed at improving plant safety and health organization, and helping employees to take care of their health. (77197)
CIS 01-1019 Manual handling in the railway industry - Advice for employees; Advice for employers. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. 6p.+15p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: Manual handling has been recognized as the major source of occupational diseases in the railway industry, particularly of musculosketetal disorders. It is also an important cause of accidents: in 1998-1999, 487 manual handling accidents involving over three days absenteeism were reported, but the true level is believed to be much higher. The contents of this booklet, which highlights responsibilities of employers, include: conducting a risk assessment, including practical examples (handling heavy equipment such as rails and sleepers in restricted spaces; access of portable machinery and equipment; loading and unloading of catering trolleys); training and information; practical solutions and tips for a number of tasks and associated risks. An attached leaflet aimed at employees highlights good manual handling practices. (76943)
CIS 01-1020 Supplementary guidance on the use of flexible bolts in reinforcement systems for coal mines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2000. iv, 8p. Illus. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-1861-7 (In English) Internet: This supplementary guidance relates to the use of flexible bolts in strata reinforcement systems for coal mines. It should be read in conjunction with the Guidance on the use of rockbolts to support roadways in coal mines (CIS 96-1055). Contents include: definitions; geo-technical assessment and site investigation; support system design; routine monitoring of the system; training. (76948)
CIS 01-1021 Health and safety in excavations - Be safe and shore. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Feb. 1999. vi, 58p. Illus. 49 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1563-4 (In English) Internet: During work in excavations, many construction workers are killed and injured in the collapse of inadequately-supported excavations. Aimed at all persons involved in the construction process, this booklet provides guidance on precautionary measures to avoid accidents caused by the collapse of ground during excavation work. Contents include: hazards and control measures; planning, design and management, legal requirements in the United Kingdom. (76947)
CIS 01-1022 Hazards due to biological agents - Prevention manual. (Portuguese: Riscos dos agentes biológicos - Manual de prevenção) Sousa J.P., Franco M.H., Rodrigues M.A., dos Santos M., Reis F., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Oct. 1999. 405p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 972-8321-29-5 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual provides technical information on the risks from exposure to biological agents in various occupational sectors. It also surveys the prevention measures for improving safety, hygiene and health conditions that need to be implemented at work sites where biological agents are handled or produced. Separate chapters cover: legislation in Portugal and methods for risk evaluation; metabolism of different organs in the body; action of biological agents on the organism; biological hazards in certain industries (research and clinical laboratories, hospitals and other health-care establishments, the food industry, in the fishing industry, in the transport and elimination of wastes, in water treatment centres); biological agents (fungi) in workplace air. (77196)
CIS 01-1023 Manual handling of loads. (Italian: La movimentazione manuale dei carichi) Ombuen G., Tosti M.P., Resti C., Sernia S., Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00916 Roma, Italy, 2nd ed., Apr. 2001. 40p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Italian) Internet: This booklet is aimed at making workers aware of the risks they incur during the manual handling of loads. Contents include: physiology of the spinal column; factors that need to be taken into consideration when evaluating risks; organizational measures aimed at eliminating or reducing workplace hazards; selected ergonomic postures to be adopted when carrying out lifting tasks; exercises for relaxing, stretching and strengthening the muscles of the cervical and lumbar columns. (76981)
CIS 01-1024 Ergonomic checkpoints: Practical and easy-to-implement solutions for improving safety, health and working conditions. (Spanish: Lista de comprobación ergonómica: Soluciones prácticas y de sencilla aplicación para mejorar la seguridad, la salud y las condiciones de trabajo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2000. xxvii, 275p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-573-2 (In Spanish) Internet: Spanish translation of the ILO manual abstracted as CIS 96-2070. It contains 128 "checkpoints", each consisting of one page of important points to keep in mind regarding ergonomical and OSH issues, grouped under the headings WHY, HOW, SOME MORE HINTS and POINTS TO REMEMBER, together with one page of corresponding illustrations. The checkpoints themselves are grouped under the following headings: materials storage and handling; hand tools; machine safety; improving workstation design; lighting; premises; control of hazardous physical agents; welfare facilities; personal protective equipment. An overall ergonomic check-list, enabling the development of recommendations for each of the checkpoints, is also included. (76986)
CIS 01-1025 Violence in the workplace - Prevention guide. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1999. 142p. Illus. Price: CAD 10.00 (Canada); USD 10.00 (elsewhere)., ISBN 0-660-17691-2 (In English) Internet: This guide is aimed at all persons concerned with workplace violence and its prevention, and particularly at individuals involved in the development and implementation of workplace violence prevention programmes. Contents include: introduction and definition of workplace violence; developing a workplace violence prevention programme; methods for preventing workplace violence; responding to workplace violence; Canadian and U.S. legislation. Appendices include sample risk assessment questionnaires, inspection forms and reporting forms. (76925)
Periodicals, books, databases, audiovisualsCIS 01-1026 Testing as a measure of worker health and safety training: Perspectives from a hazardous materials program. Weidner B.L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.37, No.2, p.221-228. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: Health and safety training for hazardous materials workers is among the major policies of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A large and growing workforce in this area and the resulting risks for these workers and the public make quality training critical. Measuring the effectiveness of the training programme by testing the trainee was examined from the perspective of a large hazardous materials training programme. Knowledge data from individuals greatly aided in evaluating programme effectiveness at the time of training and in assessing workplace impact later. Use of sound testing principles, creative examination methods and materials, and collaboration across programmes, helped to address concerns for individual programmes and the field generally. (77014)
CIS 01-1027 EPICEA: A qualitative database of occupational accidents. (French: EPICEA: une base de données qualitatives sur les accidents du travail) Tissot C., Travail et sécurité, Oct. 1998, No.577, p.42-47. (In French) Internet: The article presents a database of occupational accidents in France which includes 14,000 descriptions of accidents having occurred since 1987. Each case covered provides details of the employer, the victim, the specific workplace environment where the accident occurred, the description of the accident itself and the interpretation, including a summary of the accident, preventive measures and the main risk factors identified. (77147)
CIS 01-1028 Responsibilities of the enterprise with respect to personal protection in emergency situations. (Spanish: El deber de autoprotección del empresario en situaciones de emergencia) Blasco Mayor A., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.11, p.4-14. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This article examines the issue of the responsibility of employers with respect to personal protection. It explains the characteristics of hazards that can be found at the place of work as well as the responsibilities of employers under current Spanish legislation covering occupational hazards and industrial safety and protection. Employers are required to undertake an analysis of emergency situations (linked to the activity of the enterprise, to external factors or to natural disasters), to prepare en emergency plan, to organize emergency intervention teams and to inform employees, subcontractors and the competent authorities. (77181)
CIS 01-1029 New forms of institutional participation for the prevention of occupational hazards. (Spanish: Nuevas formas de participación institucional en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales) Yanes Coloma J., García de Castro M., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.4, p.27-38. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: The Spanish Act on the Prevention of Occupational Hazards (31/1995, see CIS 95-1921) foresaw the creation of a National Commission of Occupational Safety and Health. This article explains the functioning and the role of this commission and describes its activities as well as those of the working group it has established in different sectors (fishing at sea, shipbuilding industry, limit values, occupational diseases, asbestos, construction industry, OSH specialists). (77065)
CIS 01-1030 The Durán report: An overall analysis of occupational safety and health issues in Spain. (Spanish: El informe Durán: un análisis global de la problemática de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en España) Castejón Vilella E., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.12, p.25-36. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The Spanish Prime Minister ordered a study on the current situation with respect to occupational accidents, their causes and consequences, as well as on proposed measures for better prevention. A summary of the study is presented in this article. The study describes the overall prevention system which consists of seven components: the occupational accident information system; the insurance and compensation system; legislation; inspection and control of compliance with legal provisions; workers' training; occupational safety and health research; occupational safety and health management systems within enterprises. The report highlights deficiencies in the present system and proposes improvements. (77186)
CIS 01-1031 The Brazilian model. (Portuguese: Modelo brasileiro) Firpo de Souza Porto M., Machado de Freitas C., Mesquita Huet Machado J., Proteção, Apr. 1999, Vol.XII, No.88, p.59-61. Illus. (In Portuguese) Internet: The analysis of occupational accident statistics for the past 20 years in Brazil reveals that the number of fatal accidents are under-estimated and that there is a need to improve prevention measures. In its present form, the Brazilian model is pernicious in several respects: it does not instil a sense of responsibility among the workers, work organization does not integrate lessons from past accidents, enterprises with high accident rates are not penalized, and there are few incentives for improving working conditions. Improvements in prevention measures require a more effective analysis of accident causes, based on a methodology that combines technical, social, political and economic factors. (77189)
CIS 01-1032 100 movements per minute: Women or machines? - Results of a survey of some industrial sectors. (Italian: 100 gesti al minuto: donne o macchine? Risultati di una indagine su alcuni settori lavorativi) Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00916 Roma, Italy, 2000. 44p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Italian) Internet: This booklet presents the results of a survey conducted in Italy in 1997 aimed at establishing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among women carrying out repetitive tasks. 380 women working in various sectors (machinery industry, industrial laundries, food industry and office work) were surveyed. The prevalence of MSDs within the study population was 29.7%. The prevalence of symptoms of upper extremity disorders was particularly high among those working in the machinery industry and in industrial laundries (prevalence of arm pain of 89% and 69.4% respectively, and of paresthesia of 74.5% and 52.7%, respectively). (76988)
CIS 01-1033 Models and methods for analysing occupational accidents: From work organization to prevention strategies. (French: Modèles et méthodes d'analyse de l'accident du travail: de l'organisation du travail aux stratégies de prévention) Laflamme L., SyGeSa Limitée, 165 rue St-Laurent ouest, Longueuil, Quebec J4H 1M2, Canada, 1988. v, 150p. Illus. 137 ref., ISBN 2-921085-00-3 (In French) Internet: This publication describes and discusses the models and methods most frequently cited in literature for analysing accidents. It proposes diagrams for analysing accidents according to four levels: work organization; the place and the activity involved; the chain of events leading to the accident; accidents and injuries. The importance of developing pluridisciplinary and planned strategies for establishing priorities in accident prevention and research are emphasized. (77105)
CIS 01-1034 Safety management systems - Audit tools and reliability of auditing. Kuusisto A., Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O. Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 2000. 174p. Illus. 142 ref., ISBN 951-38-5594-5 (In English) Internet: Several methods or tools have been developed for supporting safety auditing. The aim of these safety audit methods is to help the company's management follow systematically the overall progress in safety control. This work evaluates the reliability of some safety audit tools. Firstly, the factors affecting reliability are clarified. Secondly, the inter-observer reliability of an audit tool is tested, using an audit method known as the D and S method, in six industrial companies in the USA and three in Finland. Finally, a new audit method called MISHA was developed, and its reliability was tested in two industrial companies. The results show that safety audit tools are helpful during the safety audit process, but do not ensure reliable and valid audit results. The role of the auditor is always essential in safety auditing. The reliability testing of MISHA revealed that it gives more reliable results than D and S when the auditor is not trained. On the other hand, it seems that the D and S is more reliable when the auditor is a trained expert. (77225)
CIS 01-1035 Organization and safety. (French: Organisation et sécurité) Morvan J., Editions Préventique, 37 et 68 cours de la Martinique, 33000 Bordeaux, France, 1995. 94p. Price: FRF 100.00., ISBN 2-911221-00-1 (In French) Internet: Aimed at persons responsible for safety, this publication includes guidance on integrating safety in industrial organizations in France. It consists of three parts. Firstly, the general principles of the structure and operations of industrial organizations are presented. The approach to safety during the planning phase, aimed at integrating safety considerations at the system design level, is explained. Finally, the safety decision processes are described, with emphasis on the responsibilities at each managerial level. (77101)
CIS 01-1036 New structures of organization in the enterprise and their effects on occupational safety. (German: Neue Organisationsstrukturen im Betrieb und ihre Auswirkungen auf den betrieblichen Arbeitsschutz) Bullinger H.J., Kern P., Schindhelm R., Sozialministerium Baden-Württemberg, Schellingstr. 15, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany, Aug. 1996. 132p. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: Germany; hours of work; neuropsychic stress; occupational safety; plant safety organization; quality circles; report; safety and health training; work organization; workers participation. (77175)
CIS 01-1037 Report of the Commissioner for Labour 1997. Labour Department, 16th Floor, Harbour Building, 38 Pier Road, Central, Hong Kong, 1997. 165p. Illus. (In Chinese, English) Internet: Annual report on labour conditions in Hong Kong, including statistics of occupational injuries and industrial accidents (comparative tables, 1993 to 1997) by major economic sector and by cause. In 1997, there were 58 fatalities resulting from industrial accidents, of which 41 occurred in the construction industry. During 1997, 21 items of labour legislation were enacted to improve work safety, employee benefits and welfare. New labour legislation was also enacted to enable Hong Kong to conform with the latest developments in international labour standards. With the return of sovereignty to China, Hong Kong may participate in international labour conferences as part of Chinese delegations, but retains the possibility of participating in its own name for activities not limited to Member State governments. (77119)
CIS 01-1038 General guidebook on industrial safety 2000. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, International Cooperation Department, 5-35-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan, 2000. 113p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Statistical report on occupational accidents in Japan. Contents include: statistical trends of occupational accidents (injuries, fatalities, frequency and severity rates, by industry, by company size, by age, by cause); basic measures for the prevention of occupational accidents (implementation of safety control systems, safety by design, suitable working methods, training, machinery and facilities, ageing workers, safety in the tertiary sector, small- to medium-enterprises, traffic accidents, role of labour and of management); examples of occupational accidents; examples of safety programmes; issuances (decrees) of the Labour Standards Bureau during the year 2000. (77120)
CIS 01-1039 General conditions in 1997: Overall results. (French: Le Régime Général en 1997: résultats d'ensemble) Direction des Statistiques et des Etudes, Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salaries, 66 av. du Maine, 75694 Paris cedex 14, France, 1998. 96p. Illus. Price: FRF 56.00 (postage not included). (In French) Internet: During 1997, the French general medical insurance scheme paid out 532.7 billion (=109) francs for all the risks it provides coverage for. This represents 1.9% more than in the previous year. Benefits covering the three major risks of illness, maternity and accidents accounted for 96.6% of the total amount. The insurance for occupational illness and accidents paid out 32.9 billion francs, or 0.5% less than during the previous year. (77140)
CIS 01-1040 Report of the Federal Government on the state of occupational safety and health, and occupational accidents and diseases in the Federal Republic of Germany - Accident prevention report 1997. (German: Bericht der Bundesregierung über den Stand von Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei Arbeit und über das Unfall- und Berufskrankheitengeschehen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1997 - Unfallverhütungsbericht Arbeit 1997) Drucksache 9/1908, Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn, Germany, 1998. 165p. Illus. Bibl. (In German) Internet: Topics: allergic respiratory disorders; asbestosis; commuting accidents; cost of accidents; fatalities; frequency rates; Germany; hearing loss; legislation; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; report; silicosis; skin diseases; spinal injuries; statistical trends; statistics. (77220)
CIS 01-1041 European statistics on accidents at work (ESAW) - Methodology - 2001 Edition. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2001. 209p. Price: EUR 7.00 (excluding VAT). (In English) Internet: This publication presents the work carried out on the methodology for the three phases of the ESAW project on the harmonization of occupational accident data recording in Europe since 1990 by the Commission services and experts from relevant national institutions in the field of Occupational Health and Safety in the Member States. A full set of variables along with their classifications, explanatory notes and coding guides have been developed. These variables provide information which makes it possible to identify the characteristics of the enterprise, the victim, the injury and its consequences, and the date and place of the accident. However, in order to foster a more active European policy for the prevention of accidents at work, Phase III of ESAW covers other harmonized variables and classifications on the causes and circumstances of accidents at work which would help establish the situation and conditions prevailing at the time of the accident. The results of these analyses will provide useful information which will assist in the development of new and carefully targeted prevention policies. (77227)
CIS 01-1042 Danger, accidents, diseases, major disasters - Criminal liability. (French: Danger, accidents, maladies, catastrophes - Responsabilité pénale) Seillan H., Editions Préventique, 37 et 68 cours de la Martinique, 33000 Bordeaux, France, 1999. 169p. Price: FRF 150.00., ISBN 2-911221-07-9 (In French) Internet: This publication addresses the issue of criminal liability in cases of accident, diseases or major disasters. Following an introduction on the principles of penal law, the main forms of violation to the French penal code are described, the steps in the legal procedure between the accident and the ruling are listed and the various persons likely to be considered legally responsible are mentioned. The importance of a preventive approach is emphasized (evaluation of damage risk, media coverage and impact on the community, accident investigation under governing legislation, research into the causes attributable to third parties, analysis of interests involved and defence strategies). (77103)
CIS 01-1043 Towards a new safety culture at the place of work. (Italian: Verso una nuova cultura della sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro) Greco E., Tosti M.P., Ombuen G., Pirone G.M., Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00196 Roma, Italy, Oct. 2000. xv, 382p. 130 ref., ISBN 88-87098-23-9 (In Italian) Internet: In the context of a European project on aimed at encouraging safety consciousness and participation at the workplace, this report comments in a tabular form on the provisions of Italian Decree No.626/94 (see CIS 96-1531), including amendments made up to April 2000. For each article, the table includes provisions, penalties, comments and effective date. (77190)
CIS 01-1044 IVth National conference on research in occupational safety and health. (Spanish: IV Reunión nacional de investigación en salud en el trabajo) Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS), México, DF, Mexico, 2000. 266p. (In Spanish) Internet: Proceedings of a national conference on research in occupational safety and health held in Mexico City, Mexico, 20-21 January 2000. The 208 papers presented are grouped under the following headings: prevention; safety and hygiene; epidemiology; education; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; toxicology; psychiatry and psychology; disability (temporary and permanent); cost of occupational diseases and accidents; compensation claims. (77069)
CIS 01-1045 Crises and decent work: A collection of essays. Date-Bah E., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2001. ix, 97p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-2-112638-2 (In English) Internet: Collection of technical papers on how the ILO's Decent Work agenda (including improvements in occupational safety and health) can contribute to the prevention or resolution of major crises in the world, whether due to natural disasters or human conflict. (77070)
CIS 01-1046 European system for the coding of occupational accident causes and circumstances. (French: Système européen de codification des causes et circonstances des accidents de travail) Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2000. 133p. Price: EUR 15.00., ISBN 92-828-4773-X (In French) Internet: This publication is aimed at national agencies responsible for the registration and processing of information relating to occupational accidents. It proposes harmonized tools at the European level for analysing the causes and circumstances of occupational accidents (information to be collected, glossary of terms and coding rules). Appendices include examples of coding, guide to using the glossary of terms, list of material agent codes, with corresponding terminology in 10 languages. (77109)
CIS 01-1047 IRSST - 20 years - Annual report 1999. (French: IRSST - 20 ans - Rapport annuel 1999) Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, [2000]. 80p. Illus. 134 ref., ISBN 2-550-35600-4 (In French) Internet: For the 20th anniversary of the Occupational Health and Safety Research Institute (IRSST) of the Province of Québec (Canada), the annual report on activities for 1999 covers the main areas of research: automation of shingle sawing machines, protection against falls from heights, limiting the exposure to isocyanates, backaches, musculoskeletal disorders, accident prevention through accident analysis, development of analytical and calibration methods. (77110)
CIS 01-1048 The impact of trade union education and training in health and safety on the workplace activity of health and safety representatives. Walters D, Kirby P., Daly F., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. viii, 115p. Illus. 75 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1940-0 (In English) Internet: This research was based on responses to a postal questionnaire addressed to 5,800 safety and health representatives listed in trade union records, together with phone and face-to-face interviews with selected respondents. 79% of the respondents were of the opinion that OSH training was supportive of their workplace activity, and even higher proportions found training offered by trade union organizations to be useful. Some respondents reported difficulty in gaining access to training courses due to the regular job pressures or the reluctance of employers or managers to grant time off with pay. Implications for policy are discussed. (77115)
CIS 01-1049 White book of safety and health services within the enterprise. (Portuguese: Livro Branco dos Serviços de Prevenção das empresas) Comissão do Livro Branco dos Serviços de Prevenção, Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Oct. 1999. 99p. Illus, ISBN 972-8321-28-7 (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual recalls the history of occupational risk prevention in Portugal, places prevention within the framework of new challenges in the working world, and portrays its contribution to the country's economic and social development. Within this context, it analyses the ideal strategic framework for developing occupational safety and health within enterprises, and outlines a series of considerations and proposals for developing companies' safety resources and models. (77191)
CIS 01-1050 Coverage of occupational risks - Manual containing real-life experiences and alternatives. (Portuguese: Cobertura dos riscos do trabalho - Manual com experiências atuais e alternativas) Conte-Grand A.H., Rodriguez C.A., International Labour Organization (ILO), Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), Brasília, Brazil, 1999. 246p. Illus. + CD-ROM for Windows 95 or higher, 486DX2-66 (Pentium recommended) or compatible, needs Internet Explorer 4.0 ou Netscape Navigator 4.0, or higher. (In Portuguese) Internet: This manual, which results from a project jointly organized by the National Confederation of Industry of Brazil (CNI) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), is intended to stimulate discussion on the coverage of occupational hazards and to improve the analysis of occupational hazards in the enterprise. It is divided into 6 modules (general principles, international standards, financing and managing the coverage, prevention of hazards, national experiences and comparison with other countries, position of the CNI with respect to the coverage of occupational hazards). The complete version of this manual is also available in CD-ROM form. (77198)
CIS 01-1051 Social security systems and health insurance: Financing and implication in occupational health. (French: Systèmes de sécurité sociale et d'assurance maladie: financement et implication dans la santé du travail) Caillard J.F, Westerholm P., eds., OCTARÈS Éditions, 24 rue Nazareth, 31000 Toulouse, France, 1999. xi, 352p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 24.39., ISBN 2-906769-55-X (In English, French) Internet: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Scientific Committee "Health services research and evaluation in occupational health", held in Rouen, France, in 1997. Main topics covered: cost of work-related impairments; financing of occupational health services; social security and protection against occupational risks; participation of private insurance; compensation of occupational accidents and diseases; Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease; pneumoconiosis. (77200)
CIS 01-1052 Improving safety and health through internal and inter-company cooperation and group-oriented problem-solving. (German: Mehr Sicherheit und Gesundheit durch inner- und überbetriebliche Zusammenarbeit und gruppenorientierte Problemlösungen - Vorträge der Informationstagung am 3. und 4. Mai 1995 in Dortmund) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 320p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-89429-597-X (In German) Internet: Topics: conference; Germany; occupational safety and health; plant safety and health organization; quality circles; workers participation. (77203)
CIS 01-1053 Technical guide for the assessment and prevention of hazards due to the use of work equipment - First part [Spain]. (Spanish: Guía técnica para la evaluación y prevención de los riesgos relativos a la utilización de los equipos de trabajo - Primera parte) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 119p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-533-3 (In Spanish) Internet: This guide is aimed at helping managers and OSH specialists in interpreting and implementing the provisions of the Royal Decree 1215/1997 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers (see CIS 97-1068), and more particularly those for the assessment of health hazards and the corresponding preventive measures. (77066)
CIS 01-1054 The manager of safety services - The safety manager under the current system of occupational safety and health management. (Italian: Il responsabile del servizio prevenzione e protezione - un manager della sicurezza nell'attuale sistema di gestione della prevenzione) Greco E., Pirone G.M., Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via Pasquale S. Mancini 28, 00916 Roma, Italy, 2000. 33p. Illus. 17 ref. (In Italian) Internet: This booklet presents the approach for implementing an occupational safety and health plan within the enterprise. It describes the role of the persons responsible for the safety and health plan, the various tasks they need to carry out and the qualifications required for the job. (76987)
CIS 01-1055 Housekeeping at the workplace. (Spanish: Orden y limpieza de lugares de trabajo) Piqué Ardanuy T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note defines the standards for housekeeping in the enterprise necessary to comply with legal requirements in Spain and to increase safety and efficiency. (77121)
CIS 01-1056 Documentation of the occupational risk prevention system (I). (Spanish: Documentación del sistema de prevención de riesgos laborales (I)) Bestratén Belloví M., Nadal O., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the documents needed to set up an occupational risk prevention system in the enterprise and the corresponding legal requirements in Spain (see also CIS 01-1057). (77124)
CIS 01-1057 Documentation of the occupational risk prevention system (II). (Spanish: Documentación del sistema de prevención de riesgos laborales (II)) Bestratén Belloví M., Nadal O., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note gives the framework for the risk prevention manual for an enterprise (CIS 01-1056) and provides a brief description of the contents of its chapters. (77125)
CIS 01-1058 Quality assurance in an industrial hygiene laboratory: Quality manual (I). (Spanish: Aseguramiento de la calidad en un laboratorio de higiene industrial: el manual de calidad (I)) Martí Veciana A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 8 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note provides general recommendations for setting up a quality manual for an assay laboratory, and more specifically an industrial hygiene laboratory, according to current Spanish standards. For part II, see CIS 01-1059. (77122)
CIS 01-1059 Quality assurance for industrial hygiene laboratories: Quality manual (II). (Spanish: Aseguramiento de la calidad en un laboratorio de higiene industrial: el manual de calidad (II)) Martí Veciana A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 8 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note for setting up a quality manual for an industrial hygiene laboratory (for Part I, see CIS 01-1058) describes the procedures which have to be documented in the quality manual (sampling, sample processing, combustible substances, analytical methods, controlling result, filing, improvement of the quality system). (77123)
CIS 01-1060 Workplace violence. (Spanish: Violencia en el lugar de trabajo) Pérez Bilbao J., Nogareda Cuixart C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. 9 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note classifies workplace violence as one of three types: violence with no relationship between the perpetrator and the victim (e.g. robberies), violence related to the service offered by the employer of the victim (e.g. violence committed by an irate customer) and violence connected to the relationship between the offender and the victim (e.g. violence against a former or actual supervisor or co-worker). The possible causes of violent behaviour are described and recommendations for prevention are given. The analysis of incidents at the workplace will enable the identification of problems and to take the necessary corrective measures. The importance of the support to victims is emphasized. Finally, the note gives an overview of relevant legislation in Spain. (77129)
CIS 01-1061 Promise of molecular epidemiology - Epidemiological reasoning, biological rationale and risk assessment. Vainio H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.498-504. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: Molecular epidemiology has emerged as a natural outgrowth of attempts to apply information derived from the rapid increase in the application of molecular biology to diseases. The incorporation of biomarkers into classical epidemiologic designs holds the promise of unrevealing mechanisms, elucidating gene-environment interactions, and dissecting heterogeneity. The primary interest of molecular epidemiology is in the identification of factors in the physical and social environment which affect the risk for disease and which are amenable to preventive intervention. As experience accumulates, there is new appreciation that attention to study design, infrastructure and biomarker validation can improve the results. (76965)
CIS 01-1062 Dermal route in systemic exposure. Benford D.J., Cocker J., Sartorelli P., Schneider T., van Hemmen J., Firth J.G., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.511-520. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: To evaluate risk from dermal exposure, the amount of material on the skin must be measured. The potential for dermal uptake must then be assessed for the potential health effects from systemic exposure. No standard methods exist for studying these processes. Methods for measuring skin and surface contamination will require the development of reference contaminated surfaces and skin as part of quality control procedures. Biological monitoring is a valuable tool in the assessment of dermal absorption. It will be necessary to conduct detailed investigations to support risk assessment for dermal exposure. Ultimately, predictive models will be established for exposure and for dermal absorption to support a generic approach and allow risk assessment strategies appropriate to actual workplace situations. (76966)
CIS 01-1063 Biomarkers and their use in occupational medicine. Aitio A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.521-528. 80 réf. (In English) Internet: Biomarkers of exposure, parent chemicals, metabolites, haemoglobin and DNA adducts, and even urinary mutagenicity, have been used successfully to identify exposed persons, to follow-up exposure, and to quantitatively assess exposure. Some have been validated as indicators of health risk. The avenues for future biomarkers of exposure are in the development of robust, simple and inexpensive semi-quantitative methods for daily use with all workers. However, with the exception of cholinesterase inhibitors, biomarkers of effect offer little advantage over the analysis of the chemical itself. Their use will be limited to carefully planned ad hoc studies. Biomarkers of susceptibility currently have no practical application in worker health protection. Biomarker research should concentrate on validating methods, in terms of the prediction of health effects, and on elucidating exposure-biomarker concentration relationships. (76967)
CIS 01-1064 Challenges for research and prevention in relation to work and cardiovascular diseases. Kristensen T.S., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.550-557. Illus. 69 ref. (In English) Internet: The purpose of this paper is to discuss future challenges for research and prevention in the field of work environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Firstly, research on CVD and work during the last half of the 20th century is discussed. Secondly, the theories dominating the last 20 years are presented. Thirdly, cardiovascular and occupational epidemiology are compared, and it is stressed that occupational epidemiology should avoid the individualistic bias of mainstream cardiovascular epidemiology. Finally, future challenges are discussed, and improvements are recommended concerning the use of intermediate end points, intervention research, chemical and physical risk factor theories, the use of a unifying model for society, stress and health, and the application of integrated prevention. It is concluded that research on CVD and work can play an important part in the development of integrated prevention strategies for the next century. (76968)
CIS 01-1065 Methodology for analyzing episodic events. Eisen E.A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.4, p.36-42. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: Epidemiological approaches to the study of episodic health events are reviewed. Episodic events are defined as events that occur suddenly or that suddenly cross a threshold, but with onsets at distinct points in time. Studying such health events poses four challenges to existing methods: key epidemiological concepts, such as incidence, do not naturally accommodate recurrent events; study designs must capture time-varying exposures; statistical models must be able to handle correlated outcomes; and feedback bias must be addressed. In response, methods such as longitudinal studies, case-crossover designs and generalized estimating equations are identified as appropriate tools. (77004)
CIS 01-1066 Incidence rates of malignant mesothelioma in Denmark and predicted future number of cases among men. Kjaergaard J., Andersson M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.112-117. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: The 1,912 cases of malignant mesothelioma among men reported to the Danish cancer registry in 1943-1993 were analysed in order to understand current incidence rates. Using a Poisson regression model, the relative risks were estimated and used in the prediction of the future number of cases. The incidence rate increased to 1.33 per 100,000 person-years in 1983-1987 among men and to 0.51 in 1973-1977 among women. The age-specific incidence rate peaked at 246 per 100,000 person-years in the age group 80-84 years. The annual number of new cases of mesothelioma is expected to peak around 2,015 with 93 cases among men born before 1955. With careful interpretation of the results, it was concluded that a further increase in the number of mesothelioma cases can be expected, and the benefits of regulating exposure to asbestos will not be seen for the next 10 to 15 years. (77027)
CIS 01-1067 Ascertainment of hand dermatitis using a symptom-based questionnaire: Applicability in an industrial population. Vermeulen R., Kromhout H., Bruynzeel D.P., de Boer E.M., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.202-206. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: The applicability of a symptom-based questionnaire on hand dermatitis was assessed in a population of 224 rubber workers. Subsequently, 202 workers were examined by a dermatologist. The two different diagnostic tools used for assessing dermatitis resulted in dissimilar estimates of the prevalence of hand dermatitis, ranging from 6.9% to 38.1% of all workers. Using the medical evaluation as benchmark, moderate sensitivity and specificity (respectively 71.4% and 76.1%), low positive predictive value (18.2%) and high negative predictive value (97.3%) were observed for the classification based on the self-administered questionnaire. When evaluated against "first symptoms of dermatitis" the sensitivity decreased, while the specificity remained almost the same. The findings differ from the original questionnaire validation study among nurses. If questionnaires are to be used, validity studies have to be carried out to evaluate differences in perception of skin diseases between different occupational populations. (77043)
CIS 01-1068 ACOEM position statement - Spirometry in the occupational setting. Townsend M.C., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2000, Vol.42, No.3, p.228-245. Illus. 86 ref. (In English) Internet: This position statement of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) provides the occupational physician with guidelines for using spirometry tests in workplace medical programmes. It reviews basic principles of spirometry and indications for spirometry in occupational medicine, components for ensuring the validity of spirometric results, and interpretation of results, including race-adjustments of predicted values, comparison with predicted values, assessment of loss of respiratory function over time, response to a bronchodilator and acute changes associated with workplace exposures. (77053)
CIS 01-1069 Identification of occupational cancer risks in British Columbia. Band P.R., Le N.D., Fang R., Deschamps M., Gallagher R.P., Yang P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2000, Vol.42, No.3, p.284-310. 32 ref. (In English) Internet: Lifetime occupational histories as well as information on known and suspected breast cancer risk factors were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire from 1,018 women with incident breast cancer and from 1,020 controls. Significantly increased risk was observed among pre-menopausal women working as electronic data-processing operators, barbers and hairdressers, and in sales and material processing occupations and in the food, clothing, chemical and transportation industries. Among post-menopausal women, excessive risk was found in school teaching, in medicine, health, and nursing occupations, in laundry and dry-cleaning occupations and in the aircraft and automotive, including gasoline service station, industries. Significant associations were seen in the combined group of pre- and post-menopausal women among crop farmers and in the fruit and vegetable, publishing and printing, and motor vehicle repair industries. The results suggest excess breast cancer risk in occupations and industries involving exposure to solvents and pesticides. (77056)
CIS 01-1070 Physical workplace factors and return to work after compensated low back injury: A disability phase-specific analysis. Dasinger L.K., Krause N., Deegan L.J., Brand R.J., Rudolph L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2000, Vol.42, No.3, p.323-333. 30 ref. (In English) Internet: Little is known about predictors of duration of work disability (DOD). This cohort study of 433 workers' compensation claimants estimated DOD for job, injury, and demographic factors during consecutive disability phases using regression analysis. DOD was calculated from administrative records. Results show that DOD increases with the time spent bending and lifting, pushing or pulling heavy objects at work, but it is unrelated to sitting, standing or vibration. Younger age, longer pre-injury employment, less severe injuries, and a previous back injury predicted shorter disability, the latter factor only during the sub-acute and chronic disability phases. This study shows that physical job and injury factors have a significant and time-varying impact on DOD. (77057)
CIS 01-1071 Uranium mining and lung cancer among Navajo men in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969 to 1993. Gilliland F.D., Hunt W.C., Pardilla M., Key C.R., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2000, Vol.42, No.3, p.278-283. 23 ref. (In English) Internet: Navajo men who were underground miners have excess risk of lung cancer. To further characterize the long-term consequences of uranium mining in this high-risk population, lung cancer incidence among Navajo men residing in New Mexico and Arizona was examined from 1969 to 1993 and a population-based case-control study was conducted to estimate the risk of lung cancer for Navajo uranium miners. It was found that uranium mining contributed substantially to lung cancer among Navajo men over the 25-year period following the end of mining for the Navajo Nation. Sixty-three (67%) of the 94 lung cancers among Navajo men occurred in former uranium miners. The relative risk for a history of mining was 28.6. Smoking did not account for the strong relationship between lung cancer and uranium mining. The Navajo experience with uranium mining is a unique example of exposure in a single occupation accounting for the majority of lung cancers in an entire population. (77055)
CIS 01-1072 Neurobehavioral performance in aluminium welders. Bast-Pettersen R., Skaug V., Ellingsen D., Thomassen Y., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.37, No.2, p.184-192. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: Twenty aluminium welders and a referent group of twenty construction workers were tested for tremor and reaction time and screened for neuropsychic symptoms. Welders reported more symptoms than referents. Although the welders as a group performed better than the referents in a tremor test, years of exposure was predictive of poorer performance. The welders' reaction times were rapid by clinical standards. Although, as a group, they performed better than the referents, there was a statistically significant relation between longer reaction times and aluminium in air (air-AI). The relations between hand steadiness and years exposed, and between reaction time and air-AI could indicate slight effects from exposure to aluminium. The possibility of selection of workers with high manual skills into welding work and a possible job-related training effect might partly serve to explain the good performance. (77011)
CIS 01-1073 Cerebral blood flow velocity by transcranial Doppler during a vertical-rotating table simulation of the push-pull effect. Zhang W.X., Zhan C.L., Geng X.C., Lu X., Yan G.D., Chu X., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.71, No.5, p.485-488. Illus. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: The push-pull effect (PPE) is suspected of causing many aircraft accidents. The successive perfusion and withdrawal of cerebral blood during the PPE may change the state of cerebral blood vessels. During head-down tilt (HDT), cerebral vasoconstriction occurs in response to the elevated perfusion pressure, and during subsequent head-up tilt (HUT) the increased resistance of the cerebral blood vessel recovers slowly. Ten healthy male non-pilots were exposed to simulated HUT (+1Gz) for 1min followed by transition to HDT (-1Gz) 10s followed by transition to HUT (+1Gz) 1min. Cerebral blood flow velocity in the left middle cerebral artery was continually measured with a transcranial Doppler (TCD) instrument. Results indicate that cerebral vasoconstriction occurred to prevent brain over-perfusion during HDT. During HUT, the elevated resistance of the cerebral vessel remained at the higher level for about 20s, and may have worsened the cerebral perfusion from exposure to positive Gz. This may be one of the mechanisms of PPE. (77048)
CIS 01-1074 Cancer risk in the rubber industry: A review of the recent epidemiological evidence. Kogevinas M., Sala M., Boffetta P., Kazerouni N., Kromhout H., Hoar-Zahm S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.1-12. Illus. 119 ref. (In English) Internet: To examine epidemiological evidence of cancer risk among workers in the rubber industry, relevant epidemiological studies published after the last detailed review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1982 were reviewed. Excess risks of bladder cancer, lung cancer and leukaemia were found in most studies, with risk ratios above 1.5 in about half of the studies. A moderate excess risk for laryngeal cancer was consistent across studies. Excess risks were found in a few studies for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, skin, prostate, kidney, brain, and thyroid, and for malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma, but overall results were not consistent for these neoplasms. Magnitude of the observed risks varied considerably between studies, but overall the findings indicate the presence of a widespread moderate to increased cancer risk among rubber workers. (77031)
CIS 01-1075 Cancer incidence among male pulp and paper workers in Norway. Langseth H., Andersen A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.99-105. 39 ref. (In English) Internet: Cancer incidence was investigated among 23,718 male pulp and paper workers employed continuously for at least 1 year between 1920 and 1993 in Norway. Six sub-cohorts were established (sulfite pulp mill, sulfate pulp mill, paper mill, maintenance department, administrative staff and other departments). Data were compared with those of the Norwegian Cancer Register. An excess of lung cancer was found among both short- and long-term employees (Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) 1.5 and 1.2, respectively), especially for workers with the longest latency (SIR 1.3) and for sulfite mill workers (SIR 1.5). There were increased risks for pleural mesothelioma (SIR 2.4), especially among maintenance workers, and for malignant melanoma (SIR 1.3). Almost all the increased risk for lung cancer can be explained by a combination of smoking habits and asbestos exposure, although an effect of other work-related exposures (for example sulfur and chloride compounds or wood dust) cannot be excluded. (77026)
CIS 01-1076 Challenges for indoor environment research in the new office. Schneider T., Skov P., Valbjørn O., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.574-579. Illus. 33 ref. (In English) Internet: This paper discusses new directions for indoor environment research for the following four themes: the current change in office work patterns, workplace design and increasing demands on the work force; the large individual variations in requirements for optimal conditions pointing at the key factors of individual response; psychosocial factors as determinants of symptoms, comfort, and productivity; and measures of transient, non-specific symptoms in the indoor environment (sick-building syndrome) and identification of its causes. (76969)
CIS 01-1077 Musculoskeletal diseases. (French: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques) Blary M., Levy P., Face au risque, Oct. 1999, No.356, p.19-24. Illus. (In French) Internet: Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) rank first among occupational diseases in France. MSDs have progressed rapidly, accounting for 63% of occupational disease cases in 1996 compared to 26% in 1991. An estimated 28% of workers are exposed to loads on joints during work. The most frequent MSDs are carpal tunnel syndrome and shoulder epicondylitis. Other topics covered: the progression in MDSs between 1982 and 1996; biomechanical factors causing MDSs; clinical description and physiological factors; working at computer screens; approach adopted by an automotive component manufacturer in view of reducing risks of MDSs. (77149)
CIS 01-1078 The employee water cycle: Role of the occupational physician. (French: Le cycle de l'eau chez les salariés: action du médecin du travail) Alcouffe J., Brehier M., Fau-Prudhomot P., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y., Faupin F., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1999, Vol.39, No.3, p.313-323. Illus. 10 ref. (In French) Internet: To assess the working conditions of employees with respect to their possibilities of consuming and evacuating liquids at their place of work, and to investigate the existence of functional signs or symptoms related to disturbances in the water cycle, an investigation was carried out by 102 physicians in a sample of 1,301 employees. 95% had access to at least one source of water; 1.7% were prohibited from drinking due to specific workplace hazards; the quality of drinking water was rated satisfactory by 75% of employees, who overwhelmingly expressed their preference for water fountains; 90% had access to sanitary facilities close to the workplace, but 32% were not satisfied by their cleanliness and 40% by their ventilation; 20% avoided using the company toilets, while 37.4% claimed to hold back from urinating as long as possible. Disturbances in the water cycle are more frequent among women; the pathology occurring most often being cystitis (19.3 %), which is significantly associated with holding back from urinating as long as possible at the workplace. Occupational hygienists need to ensure that chilled water is available and that sanitary facilities are clean and well-ventilated. (77099)
CIS 01-1079 Why most workers with occupational repetitive trauma do not file for workers' compensation. Rosenman K.D., Gardiner J.C., Wang J., Biddle J., Hogan A., Reilly M.J., Roberts K., Welch E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.42, No.1, p.25-34. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: Despite the availability of no-fault insurance for wage replacement and medical care costs, the majority of workers diagnosed with an occupational disease do not apply for workers' compensation. The objective of the study was to determine the reasons why workers diagnosed with work-related musculoskeletal disease did not apply for workers' compensation benefits. A cross-sectional study of 1,598 individuals diagnosed with neck, upper extremity, and low back work-related musculoskeletal disease in the state of Michigan (USA) was performed. The study showed that that only 25% of these workers filed for workers' compensation and refutes the common perception that an individual with a work-related problem is likely to file for a workers' compensation claim. The strongest predictors of who would file were associated with the severity of the condition. Other factors were increasing length of employment, lower annual income, and worker dissatisfaction with coworkers. The study population consisted mainly of unionized autoworkers, and the findings may not be generalizable to the total workforce. (77015)
CIS 01-1080 Report on occupational health and on the role of health promotion committees - Evaluation of an integrated occupational health promotion system. (German: Gesundheitsbericht und Gesundheitszirkel - Evaluation eines integrierten Konzepts betreiblicher Gesundheitsförderung) Sochert R., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 381p. Illus. 113 ref., ISBN 3-89701-278-2 (In German) Internet: Topics: economic aspects; evaluation of technique; Germany; health service records; plant health organization; quality circles; questionnaire survey; report; social aspects; workers participation. (77214)
CIS 01-1081 Health surveillance and wood dust. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1997. 2p. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: Aimed at employers in the woodworking industry, this information sheet provides guidance on the application of the health surveillance requirements under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-19) in workplaces where employees are exposed to wood dust. Contents include: description of health surveillance; health hazards of wood; surveillance for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases; suitable surveillance techniques; instruction and training. (77160)
CIS 01-1082 First aid: What to do in case of eye injury. (Spanish: Primeros auxilios: Actuación frente a las lesiones oculares) Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.11, p.54. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This information sheet offers guidance on first aid in case of eye injury. It distinguishes two main types of these conditions: lesions due to foreign bodies, injuries or burns; eye contusions. The symptoms of each type of lesion as well as the corresponding first-aid measures are described. (77184)
CIS 01-1083 Birthweight of term infants and maternal occupation in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Farrow A., Shea K.M., Little R.E., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.18-23. 37 ref. (In English) Internet: To study the relationship between birthweight of term infants and maternal occupation, information on job titles, socio-demographic factors and other lifestyle factors was obtained through questionnaires from a cohort of 14,000 pregnant women in the United Kingdom. For 9,282 women who delivered term infants and reported a job for the relevant period, there was a significant difference in mean birthweight among the nine major job groups. A 148g difference was found between the mean birthweight of infants born to women with professional occupations and those with plant and machine operative jobs. Multiple regression analysis was used, adjusted for sex of infant, parity, maternal height, smoking, caffeine consumption and race. Despite the absence of a significant association between birthweight and job after adjustment, it was found that the jobs with the lowest birthweights included metal forming or welding, electric or electronic work, jobs in the textile industry, and assembling and working with mobile or stationary equipment. (77032)
CIS 01-1084 Health protection in waste sorting plants. (German: Gesundheitschutz in Wertstoffsortierungsanlagen) Unfall-Stop - Mitteilungsblatt der Grosshandels- und Lagerei-Berufsgenossenschaft, Sep. 1996, No.5, p.16-20. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: air sampling; bacteria; bacterial toxins; biological hazards; fungi; injection injuries; moulds; occupational hygiene; periodic medical examinations; poisoning; recycling of materials; sensitization; separating, sorting; spores; upper respiratory diseases; viruses. (77176)
CIS 01-1085 Time to pregnancy among female greenhouse workers. Abell A., Juul S., Bonde J.P.E., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.131-136. Illus. 23 ref. (In English) Internet: This study examined the possibility that work in greenhouses with potential exposure to pesticides entails a risk for reduced fecundity in terms of increased time to pregnancy. 1,767 female members of the Danish Gardeners Trade Union were interviewed by telephone, and data were obtained on the 492 most recent pregnancies among women who were employed at the time when they stopped contraception. The pregnancies were classified according to job characteristics. The adjusted fecundability ratio for workers in flower greenhouses compared to other union members was 1.11. Among workers in flower greenhouses, the handling of cultures many hours per week, the spraying of pesticides, and the non-use of gloves was related to reduced fecundability. (77029)
CIS 01-1086 Safety of isolated workers: A summary. Preventive approaches and application in sand and gravel pits. (French: La sécurité du travailleur isolé: bilan. Démarche préventive et application dans le secteur des sablières) Liévin D., Krawsky G., Pagliéro D., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.13-30. Illus. 10 ref. (In French) Internet: After a survey of the various issues involved in isolated work (trends, health effects, principles of safety and regulations), a specific example in the sand and gravel pit sector is described. This example is part of an interdisciplinary project involving organizations and professionals in charge of occupational risk prevention. The regulations governing this activity are laid down in the French Mining Code, which because of the risk of drowning, authorizes isolated workers to work by the water's edge only in the presence of another person. For economic reasons, this rule is often difficult to apply, so thought was given to means of guaranteeing the safety of isolated workers next to bodies of water other than through the physical presence of another person, for example with the help of a suitable alarm device. An ergonomic study was carried out at three firms. The results should lead to a set of specifications that could serve as a guide for the industries and occupations concerned. (77142)
CIS 01-1087 Female seafarers adopt the high risk lifestyle of male seafarers. Hansen H.L., Jensen J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.49-51. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: To study the mortality of women in an occupation known to have a high mortality among men, 6,788 female seafarers of all job categories who had been employed on Danish merchant ships, passenger ships, and privately owned ferries between 1986 and 1993, were followed up until the end of 1993. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.20 for all causes of death and job categories. For women in traditionally male jobs, SMR was 2.82, whereas galley and catering staff had SMRs close to the general female population. Among women in traditional male jobs, there is a high mortality from accidents, including occupational accidents. In the whole cohort, there were fewer deaths from natural causes than expected but an excess risk of death due to lung cancer, heart diseases, and non-natural deaths such as fatal accidents and suicide. An excess risk of lung cancer and heart diseases probably reflects high tobacco consumption. Female seafarers probably also adopt a high-risk lifestyle. (77035)
CIS 01-1088 Permanent disability following occupational accidents according to type of injury, affected region and selected risk indicators in Mexican oil industry workers. (Spanish: Incapacidades permanentes secundarias a accidentes de trabajo por tipo de lesión, región afectada y algunos indicadores de riesgo en trabajadores petroleros mexicanos) Güemez Sandoval C.J., Condiciones de trabajo, Jan.-Apr. 1999, Vol. XXIII, No.1, p.15-20. 7 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Between 1990 and 1993, 8,638 occupational accidents were recorded in the Mexican oil industry and 1,685 workers (19.5%) had some degree of permanent disability. The most frequently injured parts of the body were the hands and wrists, and the main sequela was amputation. The incidence of lesions was higher in men than in women; this can be explained by the fact that women are not assigned to high-risk activities. A linear increase of incidence with age was observed. The study shows a high proportion of injured workers with high degree of disability. (77068)
CIS 01-1089 Chemical laboratory operations: Hazards and their prevention. (French: Manipulations dans les laboratoires de chimie: risques et prévention) Triolet J., Mairesse M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.429-444. 4 ref. (In French) Internet: This paper describes the hazards and preventive measures to be taken in chemical laboratories. Contents include: general preventive measures (organizational and technical): products (labelling, material safety data sheets, dangers, risks and preventive measures, product ageing, chemical waste disposal); experimental equipment (electrical equipment and apparatus, glassware, refrigerants, pipettes, wash bottles, burners, hot baths and other very hot devices, cold baths, refrigeration chambers, autoclaves, centrifuges, gas bottles, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation sources); standard laboratory work (operating procedures, substance mixing or addition, exothermic reactions, gas-emitting reactions pouring, siphoning, vacuum work, solvent extraction, distillation, evaporation, drying, desiccation of a liquid, cleaning of glass equipment, transportation of recipients containing chemicals and of apparatuses); accident and incident management (fires, air contamination, first aid). (77095)
CIS 01-1090 Guidance aimed at building caretakers. (French: Conseils aux gardiens et gardiennes d'immeuble) Crestois M., Lambert S., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1999, Vol.39, No.3, p.327-329. (In French) Internet: This guidance is aimed at building caretakers. Topics include: protective gloves; clothing for interior and exterior use; cleaning equipment; cleaning of sanitary facilities; handling of refuse containers; maintenance of gardens and exterior surfaces; cleaning of garbage chutes; cleaning underground and parking surfaces; problems of hypodermic needles; assault; splashes of cleaning products on eyes or skin; recommended vaccinations. (77100)
CIS 01-1091 Child labour. Tapiola K., Forastieri V., Nkurlu J.I., Mbeo-Manyasi M., Rother H.A., Kapinga T.A., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 2000, Vol.10, No.2, p.32-51 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: The new consensus on the elimination of child labour has been accompanied by the realization that the process will take time. According to the ILO, there are at least 250 million children aged from 5 to 14 engaged in economic activities worldwide. Main topics covered in this issue on child labour: challenges for combating child labour; primary school enrolment programmes for poor children in Kenya; risk perception of pesticides exposure among South African agricultural workers and impact on women's and children's health; child protection in the Seychelles; action against child labour in Tanzania. (77228)
CIS 01-1092 Bitter harvest - Child labour in agriculture. Fyfe A., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, [1996]. 24p. Illus. (In English) Internet: Most working children in the world are to be found in agriculture rather than in industry. Recent ILO surveys suggest that there are at least 120 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 who are at work full-time, and possibly 250 million if one includes those for whom work is a secondary activity. Of these, 61% are in Asia, 32% in Africa and 7% in Latin America. In some developing countries, nearly a third of the agricultural workforce is made up of children. Risks to children include exposure to agrochemicals, mechanical hazards and exposure to extreme weather conditions. The booklet contains references to several relevant international conventions and resolutions for combating child labour in agriculture. (76939)
CIS 01-1093 Top on the agenda: Health and safety in agriculture. (French: Au premier rang de l'ordre du jour: la santé et la sécurité dans l'agriculture; Spanish: El punto más importante de la agenda: Salud y seguridad en la agricultura) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2000. vii, 113p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 15.00 (EUR 9.00). (In English, French, Spanish) Internet: Collection of articles on working conditions, safety and health in agriculture for discussion at the June 2000 Session of the International Labour Conference. Main topics covered: provision of occupational safety and health services to workers in agriculture; improvements in standards of protection of waged workers and farmers, public health and of the environment; the role of trade unions in agriculture; safety and health issues of agricultural women; training, education and information in Uganda; the problem of pesticides in Asia; accidents and disease prevention in South America; panorama of accidents and diseases in rural work in Brazil; minimum age for employment. In annexes: ILO Conventions and Recommendations of direct relevance to safety and health in agriculture and other existing ILO Conventions and Recommendations of direct relevance to agriculture. (77221)
CIS 01-1094 Work, health, and safety in the UK oil and gas industry - A survey of onshore sites, and comparison with offshore installations. Parkes K.R., Byron J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. vi, 111p. Illus. 62 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1917-6 (In English) Internet: Data from a survey of 909 persons employed at eight United Kingdom oil and gas processing sites are reported. The survey included a range of psychosocial measures including physical environment and job characteristics (workload, autonomy, task/skill variety, clarity), safety measures and procedures, job satisfaction and future job prospects, and mental and physical health. The different shift rotation patterns practiced at the sites participating in the study are analysed in terms of job satisfaction, work-family conflict, perceived performance impairment and sleep quality. Finally, data from offshore and onshore personnel are compared. (77113)
CIS 01-1095 National tripartite workshop on occupational safety and health. Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad 826 001, India, 2000. 282p. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a conference on occupational safety and health in the mining sector held at Dhanbad, India, 27-29 April 2000. The main topics covered include: the ILO approach to occupational safety and health; status of occupational safety and health in Indian mines; legislation; specific issues of small-scale mines; management of hazardous substances; occurrence and prevention of silicosis; role of employers, trade unions, research organizations and occupational health specialists. Several relevant ILO conventions and recommendations are included in the appendices. (77118)
CIS 01-1096 Construction health and safety for the new millennium. Brabazon P., Tipping A., Jones J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. 164p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1914-1 (In English) Internet: This report reviews the current approach to safety and health management within the construction industry. It identifies factors contributing to injuries and ill-health through statistical analysis of national employment and injury records, interviews with industry participants within the United Kingdom and a review of practices in France, Sweden and the United States. Several proposals are made for improving safety and health in the construction industry, which include encouraging clients to use their influence, raising risk awareness, increasing management commitment, improving safety skills, sharing experience within the industry and designing for safety. (77111)
CIS 01-1097 Safety coordination in the construction industry - Future developments. (Portuguese: Coordenação de segurança na construção - perspectivas de desenvolvimento) Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, Apr. 1999. 263p. Illus., ISBN 972-8321-26-0 (In Portuguese) Internet: The specific nature of the construction sector requires the implementation of a management system at construction sites, in which all participants take part in the creation and development of suitable risk prevention methods. The presence of a "Safety Coordinator" is crucial to the success of the system. This publication lays out a set of solutions for the appropriate development of the fundamental safety coordination axes in Portugal. The solution will place great emphasis on the profile and training of coordinators and coordination instruments. Examples are given of systems set up in other European Union countries. (77192)
CIS 01-1098 Safety at sea - The ISM Code. (French: Sécurité en mer - Le Code ISM) Chauvel A.M, Editions Préventique, 37 et 68 cours de la Martinique, 33000 Bordeaux, France, 1996. 117p. Illus. Price: FRF 100.00., ISBN 2-911221-02-8 (In French) Internet: This publication describes the principles of the International Safety Management and Pollution Prevention Code (ISM Code), adopted by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 1993 and made mandatory under Chapter IX of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), and the procedures required for compliance. It consists of four parts: placing the ISM Code in the context of developments in safety at sea; notes helping in the understanding of the Code; general principles of certification; implementation of the ISM Code. Appendices include the ISM Code and a glossary. (77102)
CIS 01-1099 Safety and health aspects of container handling in ports. (German: Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutzaspekte beim Containerumschlag im Hafenbereich) Lange J., Kessel G., Groth J., Stehrenberg B., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1998. xiv, 310p. Illus. 127 ref., ISBN 3-89701-227-8 (In German) Internet: Topics: container handling; dock work; Germany; hazard evaluation; occupational safety and health; risk factors; role of management; role of supervisory staff; work organization; workers participation. (77212)
CIS 01-1100 Safety in the process industries. (French: La sécurité dans l'industrie des procédés) Papp R., Editions Préventique, 37 et 68 cours de la Martinique, 33000 Bordeaux, France, 2000. 135p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: FRF 150.00. Index., ISBN 2-911221-08-7 (In French) Internet: Industrial process safety management is based on the analysis and evaluation of hazards. This publication presents the analysis of industrial safety in four parts: the most frequent causes of accidents; safety in the design of systems (identification of potential hazards, compensating precautions, methods of systems analysis and error tolerance); safety in the erection of units; operations and maintenance (procedures, safety instructions, accident follow-up, emergency plans). A chapter is devoted to cases of major accidents and to the lessons that can be drawn from them. (77104)
CIS 01-1101 Aging and occupational accidents - 2. Male and female assemblers in the Swedish automobile industry. Laflamme L., Menckel E., Lundholm L., Arbetslivsinstitutet, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1996. 30 + [14]p. 46 ref., ISBN 91-7045-377-2 (In English) Internet: This retrospective and longitudinal study examines age-related selection and accident risks for male and female assembly workers in the Swedish automobile industry. Results suggest that accident ratios tend to be higher among younger assemblers of both sexes, and lower among older ones, for both aggregate and specific accident risks. There was also strong evidence for age-related selection, i.e. for a tendency by younger workers to leave the profession. On the other hand, there was some evidence that older workers had more severe accidents - but the reasons for this may have socio-economic or psychological, rather than age-related medical, causes. Summaries in English and Swedish. (77199)
CIS 01-1102 Internal audit - Boilermaking. (French: Autodiagnostic - Chaudronneries) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Jan. 1998. 18p. Illus. 35 ref. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within boilermaking industry firms is proposed, consisting of the following parts: handling; storage; cutting and forming; assembly within the workshop; checking; finishing; delivery; on-site work; employment of temporary workers; action plan. (76979)
CIS 01-1103 Extracts from the Mine Health and Safety Act (Act 29 of 1996) - Rights and duties of employees. (Sesotho: Diqotso ho tswa ho Molao wa Bophelo bo Botle le Polokeho Merafong) Mine Health and Safety Council, Private Bag X59, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, 1996. 1 vol. (14+14p.)., ISBN 0-9584376-4-5 (In English, Sesotho) Internet: Guidance document to the parts of the South African Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (see CIS 96-1928) dealing with the rights and responsibilities of workers in mines. The workers have a right to: a healthy and safe workplace and equipment; health and safety staffing; health and safety training; medical surveillance; leave a dangerous workplace; health and safety representatives; health and safety committees and representatives in relation to codes of practice; not to be discriminated against when exercising rights under the Act. The workers have a duty to: act in accordance with health and safety requirements; not to interfere with safety equipment. (76917)
CIS 01-1104 Internal audit - Prefabricated concrete products. (French: Autodiagnostic - Fabrication de produits en béton) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Feb. 1997. 17p. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within prefabricated concrete industry firms is proposed, consisting of the following parts: general information on the company; personal protective equipment; hazards specific to the company; hazards common to the sector; vehicles and conveyors; action plan. (76977)
CIS 01-1105 Internal audit - Meat. (French: Autodiagnostic - Viande) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Oct. 1995. 15p. 4 ref. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within meat industry firms is proposed, consisting of the following parts: hazards related to working with meat (cuts, slips and falls, backaches and peri-articular diseases, infection hazards, working environment), hazards specific to the various operations (reception of live animals, slaughtering, refrigeration and storage, meat processing packaging, shipping and transport, related activities); action plan. (76976)
CIS 01-1106 An index of health and safety guidance for the food and drink industries. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2000. 6p. (In English) Internet: This information sheet gives a list of available HSE guidance publications aimed at the food and drink industries under the following headings: management of safety and health, in general and by sector; training; transport; falls from heights; slips and trips; work equipment; manual handling; dusts and fumes; dermatitis; cold working environments; fire and explosion; miscellaneous. (77155)
CIS 01-1107 Internal audit - Screen printing. (French: Autodiagnostic - Sérigraphie) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Sep. 1997. 28p. Illus. 7 ref. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within screen printing industry firms is proposed, consisting of the following parts: periodic checks; storage; screen preparation; ink preparation; printing machines; drying; screen cleaning; liquid effluents; paper guillotines and trimmers; presses; flocking machines; fabric cutting; screen making machines. (76978)
CIS 01-1108 Internal audit - Cardboard converting. (French: Autodiagnostic - Transformation du carton ondulé) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Nov. 1996. 33p. Illus. 9 ref. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within cardboard converting industry firms is proposed, including periodical checks, the different types of machines used in the sector, in-plant traffic and the action plan. (76980)
CIS 01-1109 Internal audit - Cleaning. (French: Autodiagnostic - Nettoyage) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Oct. 1996. 19p. 13 ref. (In French) Internet: The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within contract cleaning firms is proposed, consisting of the following parts: general company information; company organization; safety and health plan; specific problems related to the different worksite environments; training; action plan. (76975)
CIS 01-1110 Disabled workers: Workplace design. (Spanish: Trabajadores minusválidos: diseño del puesto de trabajo) Sancho Figueroa T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 7p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note on workplace design for disabled workers describes how to make workplaces comply with article 13 of Royal Decree 486/1997 (see CIS 97-1067). Construction of architectural barriers should be avoided, and space and work equipment should be adapted through inexpensive changes, to the needs of disabled workers. It is important that ergonomic criteria be taken into consideration to adapt the workplace to the working capacity of those employed there. Emergency planning must also take the needs of disabled workers into account. (77130)
CIS 01-1111 Virtual reality in safety. (German: Virtual reality in safety) Flaig T., GIT Sicherheit + Management, June 1998, Vol.7, No.3, p.208-211. Illus. 3 ref. (In German) Internet: Topics: computer aided design; computer applications; computer simulation; plant safety organization; robots; safety and health training. (77170)
CIS 01-1112 Technical aspects of job design in industrial robot units and their environment. (German: Arbeits- und Technikgestaltung von Industrieroboterarbeitszellen und -bereiche) Weck M., Dammertz R., Thiel J., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. vi, 365p. Illus. 83 ref., ISBN 3-89429-878-2 (In German) Internet: Topics: ergonomic evaluation; Germany; handicapped workers; job study; robots; small enterprises; standard; work organization; workplace design. (77209)
CIS 01-1113 Checking computer screen workplaces - Software on the Visual Display Unit Ordinance [Germany]. (German: Bildschirmarbeitsplatz-Check - Software zur Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung) Universum Verlagsanstalt, GmbH KG, Postfach 5720, 65175 Wiesbaden, Germany, 1997. CD-ROM for Windows 3.1, 3.11 or 95. Required configuration: 486DX266, 8MB RAM (12 MB recommended), min. 15 MB HardDisk (30 MB recommended), VGA Monitor 256 colours, mouse., ISBN 3-923221-55-X (In German) Internet: Topics: CD-ROM; computer programme; CRT display terminals; ergonomic evaluation; Germany; legislation; work design; workplace design. (77218)
CIS 01-1114 Multi-parameter observation of environmental asbestos pollution at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (Jussieu Campus, France). Besson P., Lalanne F.X., Wang Y., Guyot F., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Nov. 1999, Vol.43, No.8, p.527-541. Illus. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: A multi-parameter system was used to evaluate total fibres and asbestos fibres in ten locations of a university institute building. The baseline level of total fibres longer than 3µm was 2.5 fibres per litre, and less than 10 fibres per litre during the presence of staff. The baseline level of asbestos fibres was around 0.1 fibres per litre. The statistical study of fibre length indicates that 70% and 55%, respectively, of chrysotile and amosite fibres are shorter than 5µm. Although representing the bulk of asbestos-containing materials, the concentration of amosite in air is one-tenth that of chrysotile. The overall low level of airborne asbestos detected and the different nature of asbestos in building materials and as detected in air indicates that the measured asbestos in the ambient air is probably representative of the geochemical background of chrysotile asbestos fibres in the ambient air of the Paris region. (76935)
CIS 01-1115 Epidemiological evidence on the carcinogenicity of silica: Factors in scientific judgement. Soutar C.A., Robertson A., Miller B.G., Searl A., Bignon J., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Jan. 2000, Vol.44, No.1, p.3-14. 69 ref. (In English) Internet: In view of the extended debate and differing opinions on whether crystalline silica is a human carcinogen, a selection of epidemiological reports was reviewed in order to identify the areas of uncertainty and disagreement. Papers which in a recent review were considered to provide the least confounded examinations of an association between silica exposure and cancer risk have been examined together with a study of the mortality of coalminers. It has been found that parts of the evidence were coherent but there were contradictions. On examination, this resolved mostly into differences between types of studies. The three types of epidemiological study included were: exposure-response studies, studies in which incidence of disease in an exposed population is compared with that in a reference population and studies of incidence of disease in subjects on silicosis case-registers. Scientific uncertainties in the evidence (confounders, bias, false assumptions) are discussed. (76961)
CIS 01-1116 Estimation by occupational physicians of the asbestos risk. (French: Estimation du risque amiante par le médecin du travail) Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.78, p.145-156. 7 ref. (In French) Internet: A questionnaire survey was conducted among occupational physicians in the Poitou-Charentes region of France concerning their perception of the risks caused by asbestos. At a time when the involvement of occupational physicians in the prevention of asbestos risk is being discussed, this survey contributes interesting information, in particular on their perception of this risk and the difficulties of risk assessment. (77134)
CIS 01-1117 Nickel and chromium (VI) aerosols in workplace air in electroplating workshops. (German: Nickel- und Chrom(VI)-Aerosole in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz galvanotechnischer Betriebe) Michels P.E., Die BG, July 1998, No.7, p.400-406. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: aerosols; air sampling; nickel; chromic acid; chromium and compounds; description of technique; determination in air; electroplating; exposure evaluation; personal sampling; plating solutions; threshold limit values. (77162)
CIS 01-1118 Dangerous dust. (Portuguese: Pó perigoso) Proteção, Apr. 1999, Vol.XII, No.88, p.28-47. Illus. (In Portuguese) Internet: This special section presents accident hazards (fires, explosions, falls) and health hazards (eye and skin irritation, respiratory diseases, allergies) linked to cereal dusts and to dusty work in silos and confined spaces. It emphasizes the importance of detection systems and of wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. (77188)
CIS 01-1119 Organizations authorized for the evaluation and control of chemical risk. (French: Organismes agréés pour les mesures et contrôles du risque chimique) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1998, No.171, Note No.2080-171-98, p.175-186. (In French) Internet: The French Labour Code makes it compulsory to have air flow parameters and certain hazardous chemical substances measured and monitored in all workplaces by a government-approved body or person. Special measurements are applicable to premises where the following products are handled: asbestos, benzene, carbon monoxide, metallic lead and its compounds, and crystalline silica. A summary of the current regulations is followed by a list of organizations and persons authorized, in each French department, to perform atmospheric monitoring at workplaces, together with a list of government-approved bodies for the measurement of lead blood levels. (76920)
CIS 01-1120 Exposure to MDI during the process of insulating buildings with sprayed polyurethane foam. Crespo J., Galán J., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1999, Vol.43, No.6, p.415-419. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: Buildings are often insulated with sprayed-in-place polyurethane foam even though few data are available concerning exposure levels to isocyanates during the spraying process. New data are given on personal exposure to methylene-bis (4-phenylisocyanate) (MDI) during the insulation of dwellings and office buildings with sprayed polyurethane foam. Personal samples were taken for the sprayer and helper during outdoor and indoor applications. Levels of exposure were significant, especially for the sprayer, with values of up to 0.077mg/m3 and 0.400mg/m3 during outdoor and indoor applications, respectively. (76932)
CIS 01-1121 Exposure to preservatives used in the industrial pre-treatment of timber. Garrod A.N.I., Martinez M., Pearson J., Proud A., Rimmer D.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Nov. 1999, Vol.43, No.8, p.543-555. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: To survey potential dermal and inhalation exposures of operators to industrial timber preservatives, 54 sites employing 57 timber pre-treatment process operators were surveyed. Preservative deposition patterns were similar for all treatments, with about 90% on the legs, and most of the remainder on the arms and chest. Water-based products in vacuum-pressure processes showed potential dermal exposure in the range 547-132,000mg per cycle with a median value 3960mg per cycle (median cycle time 3h). Exposure by inhalation for vacuum-pressure processes expressed as preservative, showed a range of 0.06-7.96mg/m3, with a time-weighted average exposure over one or two treatment cycles of 1.07mg/m3. Pilot study biological monitoring data for urinary chromium, arsenic and permethrin metabolites are quoted with reference to creatinine. (76936)
CIS 01-1122 Environmental pollution and human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the east Baltic region. Hemminki K., Veidebaum T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.3, p.33-39. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: Environmental contamination and human exposure due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were surveyed in the east Baltic region. Polluted and heavily industrialized areas are upper Silesia in Poland, northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic, and the northeast part of Estonia. In Estonia the pollution is in a defined geographic area, where lung cancer incidence is higher than elsewhere. DNA adduct levels in white blood cells are increased in groups of residents with apparently only environmental exposure. By extrapolation, some 150 annual cancer cases could be predicted due to PAH in Silesia. Air levels of benzo[a]pyrene were increased in northern Bohemia. Further studies are needed to assess health risks of PAH exposures in central and eastern Europe. (77008)
CIS 01-1123 Environmental health in the Baltic region - Toxic metals. Skerfving S., Bencko V., Vahter M., Schütz A., Gerhardsson L., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.3, p.40-64. Illus. 199 ref. (In English) Internet: Recent reports on concentrations of lead, cadmium, methylmercury, arsenic and nickel in some biological media in populations of the Baltic region are reviewed. In particular, children in parts of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany have uptakes of lead sufficient to cause adverse effects on the central nervous system and kidneys. Cadmium exposure is also high in Poland. Methylmercury uptake is dependent upon the intake of fish in Sweden and Finland, as well as along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. There are some indications of immunotoxic effects. However, fish also contain other immunomodulating agents. Exposure to arsenic seems to be low everywhere in the Baltic region. There is high nickel exposure in northern Russia. (77009)
CIS 01-1124 Environmental health in the east Baltic region - Pesticides and persistent organic compounds. Tuomisto J., Hagmar L., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.3, p.65-71. Illus. 32 ref. (In English) Internet: Exposure to, and the potential effects of, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the East Baltic region are reviewed. Exposure of the average population to chlorinated compounds seems lower than in most of western Europe and current pesticide use is very low. The low exposure of the general population is indicated by low concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in milk fat. However, some organic pesticides have been found at higher concentrations in Baltic countries and the St Petersburg area than in Norway. Thus the overall risk caused by pesticide residues and persistent organic compounds in the Baltic countries and northwestern Russia is low, but local sites of concern exist. (77010)
CIS 01-1125 Smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke at medium-sized and large-scale workplaces. Heloma A., Kähkönen E., Kaleva S., Reijula K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.37, No.2, p.214-220. Illus. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: A questionnaire survey on smoking prevalence and indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements were performed in 10 medium-sized and large-scale workplaces. The questionnaire was distributed to all (1,471) workers. IAQ measurements were performed in 4-7 locations in each workplace. Altogether, 1,027 (70%) employees, of whom 31% were women, responded to the questionnaire. Prevalence of daily smokers was 28.3% (32.3% for men and 22.9% for women). The prevalence was highest among workers in the service sector (32.7%) and lowest in offices (21.6%). Among smokers, 86% of men and 75% of women smoked inside the building. Exposures greater than one hour to environmental tobacco smoke were highest in industry (66.3%) and lowest in services (42.6%). Non-smokers complained more often than the regular smokers about the spreading of tobacco smoke to non-smoking areas, and than felt that workplace smoking was a significant discomfort. Mean concentration of nicotine was highest in service environments (3.0µg/m-3) and lowest in offices (0.6µg/m-3). (77013)
CIS 01-1126 Special issue: Quantified risk assessment. Papazoglou I.A., ed., Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jan. 2000, Vol.71, No.1-3, p.i-xiii; p.1-526 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Collection of 28 articles on quantified risk assessment, risk management and environmental protection in connecxtion with work with hazardous materials. Main topics covered: airports; LPG installations; hazardous materials transportation; nuclear plants; electroplating industry; offshore oil production and oil refineries; safety policies; risk analysis and modelling; emergency planning. (77020)
CIS 01-1127 Correlation of the exposure to a pollutant with a task-related action or workplace: The CAPTIV¿ system. Martin P., Brand F., Servais M., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, May 1999, Vol.43, No.4, p.221-233. Illus. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: When measuring workplace pollution, the information usually obtained corresponds to the average levels of worker exposures over the sampling period. The use of specific sensors for chemicals can give complementary information, namely continuous exposure information. The CAPTIV system enables the centralization and storage of this information, and is used together with a video system which restores the images of the workplace. The stored video sequences, correlated to specified exposures, can be searched and retrieved automatically. The system allows the correlation of occupational activity with the exposure level. The analysis of collected information may lead to advice on good practice at the workplace or to proposals for modification of existing equipment and processes. An example of using CAPTIV to study a stone-cutting work station is included. (77021)
CIS 01-1128 Validation of a new method for structured subjective assessment of past concentrations. Cherrie J.W., Schneider T., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, May 1999, Vol.43, No.4, p.235-245. Illus. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: A new method was developed to assess the level of exposure from airborne hazardous substances. The method provides subjective exposure assessments using a structured approach, based on descriptive information about work activities and the work environment. Validation of the method has been carried out for 63 jobs involving five different agents: man-made mineral fibres, asbestos, styrene, toluene and mixed respirable dust. The subjective exposure assessment generally showed a statistically significant correlation with exposure measurements, the main exception to this pattern being the styrene data set. The assessments were also positively biased, with the ratio of the geometric mean estimated level to the measured level typically ranging from 1.3 to 2.2. Possible causes of the bias are discussed along with approaches to minimize its effect. (77022)
CIS 01-1129 Occupational exposure to inhalative irritants and methacholine responsiveness. Leuenberger P., Schindler C., Schwartz J., Ackermann-Liebrich U., Tara D., Perruchoud A.P., Wüthrich B., Zellweger J.P., Blaser K., Bolognini G., Bongard J.P., Brändli O., Domenighetti G., Elsasser S., Grizé L., Karrer W., Keller R., Künzli N., Medici T., Schöni M.H., Solari G., Tschopp J.M., Villiger B., Zemp E., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.146-152. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: To examine the relationship between self-reports of occupational exposure to dusts, gases, vapours, aerosols, and fumes and methacholine responsiveness, a sample of 3,044 randomly chosen people from 8 regions of Switzerland who had never smoked (NS) was studied. Atopy was defined as a positive test to at least one of 8 inhalative allergens. Nonspecific bronchial reactivity was tested using methacholine chloride. The methacholine slopes were 19% higher for NS with exposure to dusts, fumes, vapours, gases, or aerosols than for the unexposed group. When only atopic NS were examined, the increase was larger (37%) and for persons with ≥2 positive skin prick tests, the effect was still higher (42%). Exposure to vapours and aerosols was strongly associated with increased methacholine slopes among the atopic subjects. (77030)
CIS 01-1130 Percutaneous absorption of organic solvents. Boman A., Maibach H.I., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 2000, Vol.6, No.2, p.93-95. Illus. 37 ref. (In English) Internet: Organic solvents pass the cutaneous barriers and may quickly be absorbed in substantial amounts, to such an extent that several solvents have "skin" denotations in lists of occupational exposure limit values. Solvents may be absorbed from liquids, upon direct skin contact, and in some cases also from contact with vapours. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, vehicle, and ventilation influence absorption. Absorption rates vary considerably; several amphiphilic solvents are absorbed at high rates. Since solvents are volatile, unoccluded repeated exposures result in less absorption than does continuous contact, and adequate ventilation may reduce absorption considerably. Risk assessments of skin absorption of organic solvents have benefited from calculation of quantitative structure-activity relationships based on log Po/w, which enables skin absorption to be calculated with reasonable accuracy. (77037)
CIS 01-1131 The absorption of benzene through human skin; Percutaneous absorption studies after forty years. Hanke J., Dutkiewicz T., Piotrowski J., Baranowska-Dutkiewicz B., Kończalik J., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 2000, Vol.6, No.2, p.104-113. Illus. 41 ref. (In English) Internet: This article is an English translation of a Polish study of percutaneous absorption published in 1961. Portions of the original Polish-language article have appeared in many publications, and the article is one of the most commonly cited studies of benzene ever conducted. This research, despite its careful design and the precision of its method, could not be conducted today in most countries of the world. The use of human subjects, including the authors, in a study of skin absorption of a known carcinogen would not be allowed. Some might even object to the publication and citation of the study on ethical grounds. But the importance of this seminal study of the percutaneous absorption of benzene, the interest of the further studies it induced, and its influence over the eventual regulation of benzene exposure in the workplace, is undisputed. The article is followed by a review of percutaneous absorption studies during the last 40 years. (77038)
CIS 01-1132 Increased formaldehyde in jet engine exhaust with changes to JP-8, lower temperature, and lower humidity irritates eyes and respiratory tract. Kobayashi A., Kikuwaka A., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.71, No.4, p.396-399. Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: Formaldehyde (FA) in exhaust from fighter aircraft with low smoke combustor (LSC) J79 engines has been reported to cause irritation, becoming more frequent and severe after the fuel was changed from JP-4 to JP-8. The present study, conducted in Japan, investigated the effect of jet fuel and power setting on formaldehyde concentrations in the exhaust. The exposure to formaldehyde among pilots and flight line personnel is also investigated. The exhaust from LSC J79 engines was sampled 50m behind the engine at different power settings in July and February. At an idle power setting, the FA concentration was higher in the exhaust of engines using JP-8 (1.31ppm in July and 2.78ppm in February) than in engines using JP-4 (0.95ppm in July and 1.84ppm in February). The FA concentration increased as both ambient temperature and relative humidity decreased in the sampling atmosphere. The FA concentration of JP-8 fuel at an idle power setting (65%) was higher than that at a 71.5% power setting (1.32ppm and 0.86ppm, respectively). (77051)
CIS 01-1133 Preventive alert in the working world: Enzyme allergy, a consequence of the industrial use of allergens. (Spanish: Alerta preventiva en el mundo laboral: Alergia a enzimas, una consecuencia del uso industrial de alergenos) Alday E., Moneo I., Gómez M., Ojeda P., Bootello A., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.4, p.19-24. Illus. 21 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: Enzymes may provoke hypersensitivity reactions. This article reviews various enzymes responsible for allergies used in industrial processes, in particular in industrial bakeries, and of the corresponding preventive measures. In addition to the monitoring of enzyme concentrations in workplace air and the information of personnel, a series of sanitary measures are discussed. Their objective is mainly to detect atopic subjects, who are at higher risk of developing diseases by inhaling the enzymes, prior to employment. Workers have also to be monitored and controlled annually (prick tests, determination of IgE against the enzymes used, respiratory function test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness). Also, industrial hygiene measures (cleaning, changing of clothes) should not be overlooked. Finally, the possibility of treating the sensitized workers should be explored. (77064)
CIS 01-1134 Exposure to chloramine during the treatment of fresh vegetables intended for immediate use. (French: Exposition aux chloramines lors du conditionnement des légumes frais prêts à l'emploi) Hecht G., Héry M., Subra I., Aubert S., Gerber J.M., Hubert J., Oury V., Dieudonné M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.381-387. Illus. 8 ref. (In French) Internet: The preparation of fresh vegetables for sale to the public is of increasing importance in the food industry, currently growing at an annual rate of about 10%. In order to ensure that the products supplied are safe for consumption, the vegetables are disinfected in chlorinated water prior to packaging. Atmospheric concentration of chlorine or its derivatives was measured in six vegetable packing establishments. Most of the pollution was in the form of mono- and dichloramines, and to a lesser extent nitrogen trichloride. The study also revealed higher pollution levels in firms which used recycled water. (77091)
CIS 01-1135 The chemical safety data sheet: A valuable source of information essential for chemical hazard prevention. (French: La fiche de données de sécurité: un document riche d'informations, essentiel pour la prévention du risque chimique) Pillière F., Reynier M., Triolet J., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.395-404. (In French) Internet: A methodology for the drafting and use of material safety data sheets (MSDSs) is proposed. Proper awareness of the content and purpose of the MSDS should help to answer most of the questions asked by users. One factor which can make a MSDS difficult to use in practice is the difference in quantity and quality of the information contained (inaccuracy or absence of toxicological data, particularly on rare effects or effects of substances present in quantities too small for classification). Furthermore, MSDSs do not always answer medical and legal questions concerning compensation (occupational disease tables, etc.) or regulations aimed at specific categories of workers. Following an overview of the background and regulations, and of details of how to draft an MSDS, its content and the means of its publication and distribution are provided, together with answers to some of the questions most frequently asked by users. (77092)
CIS 01-1136 Assessing the quality of air used to feed supplied air respirators: Measurement of oil and carbon monoxide content. (French: Evaluation de la qualité de l'air utilisé pour l'alimentation des systèmes à adduction d'air: mesure de la teneur en huile et en monoxyde de carbone) Lécrivain J., Gerber J.M., Aubert S., Delsaut P., Dogan C., Masson A., Héry M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.5-12. Illus. 16 ref. (In French) Internet: The objective of this study was to examine the quality of compressed air from compressors supplied to wearers of respiratory protection devices. A field study was conducted in different industrial settings, including asbestos removal work, metal part sandblasting and fettling work in a foundry. A sampling and counting method for compressed air was developed, and oil and carbon monoxide concentrations were measured in the air either while it was coming out of the compressor or after it had gone through a cleaning device. The findings differed between sites, although serious exposures were encountered only on one site (and excessively high concentrations in air directly at the compressor on one other site). The responsibilities of the various industry participants (equipment hirers, employers and occupational hygienists) are described, and the need for special compressors for respirable air as well as the importance of maintenance and inspection procedures for this type of equipment are emphasized. (77141)
CIS 01-1137 Occupational exposure to metals in the machining of copper-, chromium- and arsenic-treated wood. (French: Exposition professionnelle aux métaux lors de l'usinage des bois traités au cuivre, chrome, arsenic) Subra I., Hubert G., Aubert S., Héry M., Elcabache J.M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.61-68. Illus. 12 ref. (In French) Internet: Exposure was measured in two workshops where impregnated wood is machined. The chromium in the treatment solution is the most toxic form (chromium VI), but due to its reducing properties the cellulose in the wood tends to transform it during impregnation into what are probably trivalent components. As a result, worker exposure to chromium VI is minimal (at the limit of analytical detection). Generally, exposure to total chromium and copper is well below the limit values, both French and American. Only exposure to arsenic reaches significant levels in the two workshops. Although well below the current French limit value of 200µg/m3, it is above the limit value recently proposed in France (50µg/m3) and that adopted by ACGIH (10µg/m3). An efficient implementation of the prevention measures related to woodworking is sufficient for a good prevention of copper, chromium and arsenic related hazards. (77145)
CIS 01-1138 Industries drive out glycol ethers. (French: Des industriels chassent les éthers de glycol) Goris A.M., Travail et sécurité, Oct. 1998, No.577, p.14-28. Illus. (In French) Internet: Glycol ethers are widely used in industry and are present in numerous degreasing agents, cooling fluids, paints and adhesives. In light of the carcinogenic and mutagenic risks and of the reproductive toxicity of certain glycol ethers, the preferred approach to reduce worker exposure is to avoid their use and adopt substitute materials. The collection of articles describes the practical experiences of two manufacturers, one of electrical equipment, the other of integrated circuits, in switching to product formulations free of glycol ethers. (77146)
CIS 01-1139 Carcinogenicity of brown coal tar. (German: Zur Kanzerogenität von Braukohlenschwelteer) Bleichert J., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Apr. 1998, Vol.48, No.4, p.144-149. 27 ref. (In German) Internet: Although the carcinogenicity of brown coal tar has still not been investigated fully, it is possible to estimate it through research into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation during the low-temperature carbonization of brow coal. This article provides data, in particular, on benzo(a)pyrene concentration in workplace air in various parts of brown coal tar production plants. (77169)
CIS 01-1140 Hazards from working with products used in the automated processing of X-ray photographs. (Spanish: Riesgos derivados de la utilización de los productos de procesado automático de radiografías) Gálvez Cervantes F.J., Martín Suárez V., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.11, p.25-28, 37. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: The use of machines for the automated treatment of X-ray photographs presents certain health hazards linked to exposure to the chemicals used as well as to their handling, to an inappropriate placement of the equipment and to an insufficient ventilation of the premises. This article analyses these hazards and related problems, and contains guidance and easy-to-implement solutions. A list of the most frequently-used products and their effects on health is included. The main health effects are respiratory diseases linked to the inhalation of the chemicals, eye and respiratory tract irritation and skin eruption; they are more prevalent among persons working in insufficiently-ventilated dark rooms. The results of a study on the frequency of observed symptoms are also mentioned. (77183)
CIS 01-1141 Ambient air pollution and respiratory health in the east Baltic region. Jedrychowski W., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.3, p.5-16. Illus. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: Air pollutants of primary concern to human health in the east Baltic region include particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Exposure to elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone is also widespread. Coal-fired power and heavy industrial plants constitute major sources of air pollution. Domestic heating with coal causes high local levels in some areas. The rapid growth of motor vehicle traffic results in increased emissions. Several epidemiologic studies performed in the east Baltic region, mainly in Poland, have documented an association between air pollution exposure and adverse health effects, primarily in the respiratory tract. The associations were mainly seen for particulates or sulfur dioxide, and thus they confirmed the findings from other parts of Europe and the United States. (77006)
CIS 01-1142 Effects of industrial detergents on the barrier function of human skin. Nielsen G.D., Nielsen J.B., Andersen K.E., Grandjean P., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 2000, Vol.6, No.2, p.138-142. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: Detergents are involved in the causation of contact dermatitis and in promoting the percutaneous absorption of toxic chemicals, but only limited information is available to allow an assessment of their relative effects on the skin barrier function. The effect of detergents on skin permeability to water and nickel was examined in an in vitro model using human skin. Twenty-four of the most widely used detergents were studied. After a two-hour exposure to an aqueous detergent solution, penetration of labelled model compounds was followed for 66 hours. Interindividual variation was substantial, but 12 of the detergents caused statistically significant increases in the penetration of water, nickel, or both. Nonionic detergents were as likely as anionic detergents to have this effect. This study demonstrates that useful information may be obtained by a simple in vitro method, and that such data may provide a basis for substitution efforts. (77039)
CIS 01-1143 Airborne contact dermatitis from methylchloroisothiazolone in wall paint. Abolition of symptoms by chemical allergen activation. Bohn S., Niederer M., Brehm K., Bircher A.J., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.196-201. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: Preservatives such as isothiazolinones in paints have been reported to cause airborne contact dermatitis. Cases from five patients who experienced acute dermatitis on air-exposed skin and respiratory symptoms after staying in recently painted rooms are reported. Kathon® (a mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone) added as preservative to the wall paint was identified as the causative agent. In one person, symptoms rapidly disappeared after treatment of the painted walls with sodium bisulfite which leads to inactivation of the allergenic properties of Kathon®. Chemical analyses of the decorating paints used and experiments on emission and air concentration of Kathon® from a painted surface before and after inactivation by sodium bisulfite are also described. (77042)
CIS 01-1144 SDZ ASM 918 is the first non-steroid that suppresses established nickel contact dermatitis elicited by allergen challenge. Queille-Roussel C., Graeber M., Thurston M., Lachapelle J.M., Decroix J., de Cuyper C., Ortonne J.P., Contact Dermatitis, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.349-350. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: SDZ ASM 918, a non-steroid selective cytokine-inhibitor developed for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In this study, 2 SDZ ASM 918 cream formulations were tested for their efficacy to suppress nickel contact dermatitis induced by 48h challenge with 5% nickel sulfate in water patches in 66 healthy volunteers with previous positive patch tests to nickel. The established allergic contact dermatitis was treated for 12 days. Evaluation of erythema, induration and vesiculation was performed. SDZ ASM 918 formulations were significantly more effective than corresponding vehicles. (77045)
CIS 01-1145 Physiopathology of asbestos-related diseases. (French: Physiopathologie des maladies liées à l'amiante) Roos F., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.78, p.91-102. Illus. 62 ref. (In French) Internet: Although the toxicological mechanisms of asbestos fibres are complex and still not completely understood, it was felt useful to summarize currently available data for the benefit of occupational physicians. Knowledge of these mechanisms should allow the problem raised by the toxicity of asbestos substitute fibres, some of which have similar characteristics, to be addressed more globally. These "mechanistic" studies should contribute towards the development of artificial fibres of reduced toxicity, or at least to guide legislators and regulators in implementing industrial hygiene measures aimed at reducing the risks among users having to handle these materials. (77131)
CIS 01-1146 Asbestos-related occupational diseases: The situation in France. (French: Affections professionnelles liées à l'amiante: situation en France) Meyer A., Le Bâcle C., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.78, p.103-135. Illus. 66 ref. (In French) Internet: Since 1976, the asbestos risk has been the object of a new approach in both occupational and public health. In its report on working conditions, the French Ministry of Labour states that 975 cases of asbestos-related diseases were recognized by the general insurance scheme for salaried workers in 1996. This number is expected to increase in the future. At a time when the medical surveillance of exposed workers is being publicly debated, it appeared necessary to take stock of current medical understanding, professional epidemiology and prevention approaches with respect to this risk. (77132)
CIS 01-1147 Workers' compensation for occupational diseases caused by inhalation of asbestos dust. (French: La réparation des maladies professionnelles dues à l'inhalation de poussières d'amiante) Turner G., Cessac M., Trutt B., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.78, p.137-143. (In French) Internet: Faced with numerous questions raised by physicians on the consequences of the acceptance of a disease as being occupational in nature, both in terms of employee compensation and of cost to the employer, this article summarizes the main provisions of the French Social Security Law, some of which are expected to be amended in the near future. (77133)
CIS 01-1148 Definition of a strategy for the clinical medical surveillance of persons exposed to asbestos. (French: Elaboration d'une stratégie de surveillance médicale clinique des personnes exposées à l'amiante) Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.78, p.157-165. (In French) Internet: This article consists of the report of the jury of a consensus conference involving several French professional bodies, held at Paris La Villette (15 Jan. 1999) and organized at the request of the French Ministry of Employment and Solidarity. The questions that need to be addressed and the various steps necessary for the development of an asbestos exposure clinical medical surveillance program are described. Contents include: clinical medical surveillance tools; dose-effect relationship; medical impact of screening; social impact of screening; practical aspects of screening; future developments. (77135)
CIS 01-1149 Respirator leakage in the pharmaceutical industry of Northwest England. Burgess G.L., Mashingaidze M.T., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Nov. 1999, Vol.43, No.8, p.513-517. 16 ref. (In English) Internet: Respirators are used in the pharmaceutical industry for protection against dusts that may contain active physiological modifying substances. Even in cases where the filtration efficiency of the respirator is high, the individual fit may be poor. Fit tests were conducted at 10 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies to determine the proportion of leaking respirators. The 3M FT-10 Qualitative Fit Test Apparatus was used to test 211 half-face particulate respirator wearers. Results indicated a failure rate of 69%. Successful results were associated with neither frequency of use, nor years of experience wearing respirators, nor respirator training in the current job or training the in previous job. Only 35 of the 211 participants performed a negative pressure test. Of these, 80% successfully passed the fit test, while the pass rate among those who had not performed the pressure test was 22%. (76934)
CIS 01-1150 Renting of personal protective equipment?. (German: Persönliche Schutzausrüstungen mieten?) Jäger W., Die BG, June 1998, No.6, p.332-335. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: cleaning; Germany; legal aspects; personal protective equipment; protective clothing; services; waste disposal. (77161)
CIS 01-1151 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from Compositae in agricultural work. Kanerva L., Alanko K., Pelttari M., Estlander T., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.238-239. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: A 36-year-old non atopic man working as an agricultural substitute worker fir the past 12 years developed severe vesicular dermatitis on the back of his hands and milder dermatitis on his lower arms, upper chest and face. In his work, he had fed cattle with hay contaminated with weeds such as Compositae (Asteraceae), and had also been exposed to many agricultural chemicals. Away from work he was symptom-free. Patch tests with various Compositae showed a strong positive reaction. It was concluded that the patient had occupational allergic contact dermatitis from Compositae and it was recommended that he should change to a job where no exposure to such substances would occur. (77044)
CIS 01-1152 Ewe milker's hand dermatitis. Gallo R., Cozzani E., Brusati C., Guarrera M., Contact Dermatitis, June 2000, Vol.42, No.6, p.361-362. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: Case study of a non atopic 25-year-old Sardinian shepherd with recurrent hand dermatitis. Three months after having started sheep breeding, he developed an itchy, fissured hand dermatitis which lasted for the whole lambing and milking season. The eczema was exacerbated by the activity of milking the ewes and partially cleared in summer. Patch testing was negative. After applying wet ewe wool on the palm for 20 minutes, whealing was visible at the site of application. (77046)
CIS 01-1153 Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: Recommendations for exposure limits. Donham K.J., Cumro D., Reynolds S.J., Merchant J.A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2000, Vol.42, No.3, p.260-269. Illus. 36 ref. (In English) Internet: Previous dose-response research on swine workers has resulted in US exposure limit recommendations of 2.5mg/m3 for total dust, 0.23mg/m3 for respirable dust, 100EU/m3 for endotoxin and 7ppm for ammonia. No similar recommendations had been reported previously for poultry workers. Therefore, a study was conducted to examine dose-response relationships of bioaerosol exposures and worker respiratory health in this industry. 257 poultry workers were studied for respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and exposure to dust (total and respirable), endotoxins and ammonia. The relationships between exposures and response were studied by correlation and multiple regression. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between exposures and pulmonary function decrements over a work shift. Exposure concentrations associated with significant pulmonary function decrements were 2.4mg/m3 for total dust, 0.16mg/m3 for respirable dust, 614EU/m3 for endotoxins and 12ppm for ammonia. (77054)
CIS 01-1154 Occupational exposure to dust in quartz manufacturing industry. Fulekar M.H., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, May 1999, Vol.43, No.4, p.269-273. Illus. 8 ref. (In English) Internet: In India, a total of 65 small-scale quartz powder manufacturing enterprises, employing 650 workers, located in a region with an abundance of sedimentary rock were studied. Quartz powder manufacturing involves various processes, such as manual handling of quartz stones, crushing, grinding, screening, mixing, storing and bagging. Results demonstrate that each of these operations generates high concentrations of airborne total dust and respirable dust, which contain a very high percentage (≥75%) free silica. The estimated average exposure to airborne total dust was 22.5mg x m-3 (Permissible Limit of Exposure (PLE) 1.08mg x m-3), and to respirable dust was 2.93mg x m-3 (PLE 0.36mg x m-3). Total dust exposure was 7.7 times higher than respirable dust. Since the present work systems and practices may pose a serious risk to the health of workers and the public and to the environment, suitable preventive and control measures are suggested. (77024)
CIS 01-1155 Risk of silicosis in coalworkers exposed to unusual concentrations of respirable quartz. Miller B.G., Hagen S., Love R.G., Soutar C.A., Cowie H.A., Kidd M.W., Robertson A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.52-58. Illus. 22 ref. (In English) Internet: Chest radiographs were taken from 547 men who had worked at a colliery during the 1970s. Classifications of these films under the International Labour Organisation (ILO) 1980 scheme were related to existing data on individual men's exposures to respirable dust and quartz. 203 men (38%) showed progression of at least one profusion category on the 12-point scale, from the various 1970s surveys to the follow up in 1990-1. 158 men (29%) had a profusion of at least 1/0, and 47 (8.6%) of at least 2/1 at the follow up survey. Large opacities were recorded by at least two readers for 14 (2.6%) of the men. Profusion of small opacities was strongly related to exposures experienced in the 1970s, and more strongly for quartz than for the non-quartz fraction of the dust. Estimates of risk are presented over the range of quartz exposures experienced. The quartz exposures experienced by some men at this colliery have caused considerable progression of radiographic abnormalities since exposure ended. (77036)
CIS 01-1156 Surface treatment tanks. (French: Cuves de traitement de surface) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1998, No.170, p.57-71. Illus. 12 ref. (In French) Internet: A working group commissioned by the French National Health Insurance Fund for salaried workers studied the design and control conditions of surface treatment tanks. The concept includes four steps: risk assessment (toxicity index and emissions index, leading to the definition of overall risk levels); selection of the type of exhaust device; calculation of the exhaust rate for each exhaust device; design of the corresponding ventilation system. Examples of industrial installations based on this approach are presented. Appendices provide exposure limit values for chemicals most frequently encountered and the risk classes for the main processes used in surface treatment. (76915)
CIS 01-1157 Consistency of occupational exposure history from pattern and model markers. Neale A.V., Demers R.Y., Severson R.K., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.42, No.1, p.76-82. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: This study investigates the consistency of occupational histories reported by the same men in 1985 and again in 1988. Detroit-area pattern and model makers participating in a colorectal cancer screening programme completed a career length occupational exposure questionnaire at each screening. Analysis of the data from the 243 men who participated in both screening programmes provided the opportunity to examine the consistency with which these workers reported the extent of their exposure to 13 substances commonly found in their work environment. Workers were asked to provide a work history, and for each different pattern or model maker job they had held, to estimate the percentage of time they were exposed to the 13 substances. The data indicated a high consistency over the 3-year study period for substances to which they had been exposed and the exposure time. These findings suggest that skilled tradesman can provide useful occupational exposure information for occupational physicians. (77018)
CIS 01-1158 Body burden of aluminum in relation to central nervous system function among metal inert-gas welders. Riihimäki V., Hänninen H., Akila R., Kovala T., Kuosma E., Paakkulainen H., Valkonen S., Engström B., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.118-130. Illus. 58 ref. (In English) Internet: The relationship between internal aluminium loads and central nervous system function was studied in 65 aluminium welders and 25 current mild steel welders in Finland. Body burden was estimated, and the aluminium concentrations in serum (S-Al) and urine (U-Al) were analysed. Central nervous system functions were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery, symptom and mood questionnaires, electroencephalography (EEG) and P3 event-related potentials. Subjective symptoms showed exposure-related increases in fatigue, mild depression, and memory and concentration problems. Neuropsychological testing revealed a limited effect, mainly in tasks demanding complex attention. The visual EEG analysis revealed pathological findings only for aluminium welders. The study indicates that the body burden threshold for adverse effect approximates an U-Al value of 4-6µmol/L and an S-Al value of 0.25-0.35µmol/L. (77028)
CIS 01-1159 Statistical modelling of the determinants of historical exposure to bitumen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving workers. Burstyn I., Kromhout H., Kauppinen T., Heikkila P., Boffetta P., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Jan. 2000, Vol.44, No.1, p.43-56. Illus. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: An industrial hygiene database was constructed for exposure assessment in a study of cancer risk among asphalt workers. The aim was to create models of intensity of exposure to bitumen and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among paving workers. Individual exposure measurements from 1,581 pavers were collected in eight countries. Correlation patterns between exposure measures were examined and factors affecting exposure were identified using statistical modelling. Bitumen fume, vapour and PAHs have different determinants of exposure. For paving workers, exposure intensity can be assessed on the basis of time period and production characteristics. (76962)
CIS 01-1160 Designing an international industrial hygiene database of exposures among workers in the asphalt industry. Burstyn I., Kromhout H., Cruise P.J., Brennan P., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Jan. 2000, Vol.44, No.1, p.57-66. Illus. 17 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this project was to construct a database of exposure measurements which would be used to retrospectively assess the intensity of various exposures in an epidemiological study of cancer risk among asphalt workers. Exposure data included in the database comprised measurements of exposure levels, together with supplementary information on production characteristics. The database has been successfully implemented in eight countries, demonstrating the flexibility and data security features adequate to the task. The database allowed retrieval and consistent coding of 38 data sets of which 34 have never been described in scientific literature. The methodology embodied in the creation of the database can be usefully employed to develop exposure assessment tools in epidemiological studies. (76963)
CIS 01-1161 Chemical hazards related to polyethylene processing. (French: Risques chimiques liés à la mise en œuvre du polyéthylène) Dieudonné M., Delesalle C., Marsan P., Protois J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1998, No.170, Note No.2073-170-98, p.41-48. 16 ref. (In French) Internet: Samples from firms where polyethylene is processed into films and bags were used to assess chemical hazards during the main processing phases. The extrusion-blowing phase in the making of film does not generate much pollution. The manufacture of the film is generally followed by CORONA surface treatment. It is essential to extract the large quantities of ozone produced. Few employees are exposed in the workshops concerned. In hot cutting and welding, the fumes given off contain low molecular weight irritant compounds (formaldehydes and acetaldehydes, ketones, formic and acetic acids, etc.), which must be captured at the source. Flexographic printing uses large quantities of solvents (inks and cleaning fluids). The solvent type and the quality of exhaust must be carefully studied. The gradual replacement of old machines greatly helps to reduce the pollution which may account for some of the pathologies reported. (76913)
CIS 01-1162 Association of petrochemical exposure with spontaneous abortion. Xu X., Cho S.I., Sammel M., You L., Cui S., Huang Y., Ma G., Padungtod C., Pothier L., Niu T., Christiani D., Smith T., Ryan L., Wang L., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.31-36. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: To assess the effect of petrochemical exposure on spontaneous abortion, a retrospective epidemiological study was conducted among women workers in a large petrochemical complex in China. 2,853 married women who reported at least one pregnancy participated in the study and were given a standardized questionnaire covering reproductive history, pregnancy outcomes, employment history, occupational exposure, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, indoor air pollution and demographic variables. There was a significantly increased risk of spontaneous abortion for women working in all of the production plants with frequent exposure to petrochemicals. The overall odds ratio (OR) was 2.7 after adjusting for potential confounders. An increased risk of spontaneous abortion was found with exposure to most chemicals, with significant results for benzene (OR 2.5), gasoline (OR 1.8) and hydrogen sulfide (OR 2.3). (77033)
CIS 01-1163 Storage of chemicals in the laboratory. (French: Le stockage des produits chimiques au laboratoire) Triolet J., Petit J.M., Gautret de la Moricière G., Lê Quang X., Protois J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.31-39. Illus. 21 ref. (In French) Internet: Work in a chemical laboratory can involve handling and storing a wide range of chemicals which present a variety of hazards (fire explosion health hazards). This paper lists the requisite steps to ensure that chemicals are stored in the safest possible conditions from the time of ordering through to stock management and the organization of storage itself, inside or outside the laboratory depending on the type of product and the quantities currently used or stored. It also examines the risks generated by specific equipment such as refrigerators and hot cabinets and the particular case of aerosol generators and cryogenic substances. (77143)
CIS 01-1164 Textile dye allergic contact dermatitis prevalence. Hatch K.L., Maibach H.I., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.187-195. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: This article summarizes textile dye prevalence studies and makes recommendations for advancing knowledge about textile-dye sensitization. Prevalence data is provided by study and by dye. Most textile-dye prevalence studies having been conducted in Italy, dermatology teams are encouraged to conduct research in other countries, to include dyes for which the least prevalence data has been collected, to standardize the application and reading methods, and to verify the purity and the identity of dyes used for patch testing. Testing with pure dyes and other chemicals in dye formulations should provide insights into the proper choice of dye systems that will decrease sensitization. (77041)
CIS 01-1165 Determinants of exposure to inhalable particulate, wood dust, resin acids, and monoterpenes in a lumber mill environment. Teschke K., Demers P.A., Davies H.W., Kennedy S.M., Marion S.A., Leung V., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, May 1999, Vol.43, No.4, p.247-255. 11 ref. (In English) Internet: Respirable particulate, resin acid and monoterpene exposures were measured, and wood dust exposures estimated in a lumber mill. Potential determinants of exposure were documented, including weather conditions, tree species, wood conditions, jobs, tasks, equipment used, and certain control measures. Geometric mean concentrations were 0.98mg/m3 for respirable particulate, 0.49mg/m3 for wood dust, 8.04µg/m3 for resin acids, and 1.11mg/m3 for total monoterpenes. Spruce and pine produced higher exposures than alpine fir or mixed tree species. Sawing wood in the primary breakdown areas of the mill was the main contributor to monoterpene exposures. Cleaning up sawdust, planing kiln-dried lumber and driving mobile equipment in the yard substantially increased exposures to both respirable particulate and estimated wood dust. Jobs at the front end of the sawmill where primary breakdown of the logs takes place had lower exposures. (77023)
CIS 01-1166 Assessment of exposure to solvents among hairdressers: Reliability of a classification scheme and questionnaire. Kersemaekers W.M., Verheijen N., Kromhout H., Roeleveld N., Zielhuis G.A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.55, No.1, p.37-42. 12 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective was to assess the reliability of a new classification scheme and interview questions for retrospective exposure assessment in studies of reproductive disorders among hairdressers. Based on whether air cleaning devices and setting waves are present in the hairdressing salon, this scheme divides hairdressers into groups with potentially high and low exposure to solvents. The hairdressers were interviewed one or two years after the measurements were performed, and classified into exposure groups. Measured ethanol concentrations were compared between the classified exposure groups. The interview responses were also compared with the information recorded one to two years earlier. The study concludes that self reported presence of a ventilation device is most predictive for the level of exposure to ethanol in the hairdressing salon. (77034)
CIS 01-1167 Hygiene hazards in the jewellery sector. (Spanish: Riesgos higiénicos en el sector de la joyería) Montero Simó R., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.12, p.18-24; 37-39. Illus. 15 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This article describes the steps involved in the manufacturing of precious-metal or costume jewellery and the chemicals used (metals in powder form, smoke and aerosols, acid salts and alkalis). The measures to be taken to limit exposure risks are described. Health hazards linked to chemicals used in jewellery manufacture are summarized in tabular form. Tables presenting threshold limit values for metals and chemicals used in jewellery manufacture are also included. (77185)
CIS 01-1168 Motives for protective behavior against carcinogenic substances in the workplace: A pilot study among Dutch workers. de Vries H., Lechner L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.42, No.1, p.88-95. 29 ref. (In English) Internet: Exposure to carcinogenic substances in the workplace creates an increased risk of certain types of cancer among employees. In order to motivate workers to comply with protective recommendations, it is important to know their reasons for compliance or non-compliance. In this study, the difference between workers who show a relatively high degree of protective behaviour and those who show a relatively low degree of such behaviour was examined. The beliefs of workers exposed to carcinogenic substances at four worksites were analysed. Data on attitudes, perceptions of social support, and intentions toward compliance with protective behaviour were collected among 764 workers. The results showed that non-compliant workers perceived fewer benefits, enjoyed less social support, and encountered more barriers to compliance with safety recommendations (work becoming less easy with personal protective equipment, reduced job satisfaction, fear of being ridiculous). (77019)
CIS 01-1169 Distribution and skewness of occupational exposure sets of measurements in the Norwegian industry. Osvoll P.O., Woldbæk T., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1999, Vol.43, No.6, p.421-428. Illus. 28 ref. (In English) Internet: Aggregated occupational sets of exposure measurements from Norwegian industry registered in the exposure database EXPO at the National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, were examined with respect to distributions and skewness. Data for lead in blood show a truncated almost normal distribution because of current Norwegian regulations for workers with high lead concentrations in blood. Styrene, dichloromethane and acetone measurements show quasi log-normal distributions. Other personal and stationary measurements are relatively well fitted to a log-normal model. The statistical parameter of skewness is valuable in connection with an exposure database as a distribution test for raw data and log-transformed data. (76933)
CIS 01-1170 Manganese - A public health concern: The relevance for occupational health and safety policy and regulation in South Africa. Hermanus M.A., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Apr.-June 2000, Vol.6, No.2, p.151-160. 53 ref. (In English) Internet: Concerns about the effects of low-level manganese exposures on human health arise at a time when South Africa finds itself in competition with newcomers to the market economy, China and the former Soviet Union. This case study illustrates how decisions about occupational health and safety and the environment are influenced by incompleteness of scientific knowledge, competing interests, differences over what is fair or just, and the compartmentalization of public policy. In addition, an assessment is made of the ability of the occupational health and safety system in South Africa in its current form to address the challenges posed by manganese-related issues. The importance of tracking developments abroad, strengthening participatory processes, developing national policy, linking economic policy and OHS policy, and establishing appropriate trade agreements is stressed. (77040)
CIS 01-1171 Detection of leaks in seals of fan pressurised central heating boilers. Hill R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. vi, 24p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1938-9 (In English) Internet: The purpose of the project was to define a suitable method for detecting leaks of combustion products from the case and seals of fan pressurized central heating boilers, which can result in carbon monoxide emissions. Several methods were found to have the potential to detect leaks: smoke tubes to produce smoke for flow visualization; flue gas analyser to detect the drop in oxygen concentration due to a leak of combustion products or to determine the flue gas composition; micro-manometers to determine the overpressure inside the boiler casing. Further work is required to determine appropriate test criteria and to develop suitable procedures for use by a service engineer. (77114)
CIS 01-1172 Latest information on ZeSP. Central database on chemical substances and products included in the information system on dangerous substances of the Gestis Mutual Accident Insurance Associations. (German: ZeSP aktuell. Zentrale Stoff- und Produktdatenbank im Gefahrstoffinformationssystem der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften Gestis) Smola T., Cramer J., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 5th ed., May 1997. 52p. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: chemical products; computerized data bases; dangerous substances; data sheet; Germany; report; toxic substances. (77174)
CIS 01-1173 Occupational exposure to hazardous substances in automobile repair shops. (German: Stoffbelastungen im Kraftfahrzeuggewerbe) Auffarth J., Hebisch R., Rentel K.H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. xi, 117p. Illus. 35 ref., ISBN 3-89429-870-7 (In German) Internet: Topics: airborne dust; carbon monoxide; dangerous substances; determination in air; exhaust gases; exposure evaluation; Germany; organic solvents; personal hygiene; skin creams; vehicle repair and servicing; welding fumes. (77211)
CIS 01-1174 Health effects of occupational exposure to asphalt. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Dec. 2000. xviii, 132p. 179 ref. (In English) Internet: This report evaluates the data on health effects of occupational exposure to asphalt that have become available since the publication of a NIOSH criteria document in 1977. Known carcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic compounds are likely to be present in asphalt fumes generated at worksites. There is epidemiological evidence that roofers are at an increased risk of lung cancer. The main toxic effects include irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, although numerous symptoms including skin irritation, nausea, headaches and fatigue are also reported. Based on current information, NIOSH recommends adhering to the exposure limit of 5mg/m3 during any 15-minute period, and preventing dermal exposure, keeping the temperature of heated asphalt as low as possible, using controls and good work practices to minimize exposure, and providing appropriate respiratory protection. (77117)
CIS 01-1175 Occupational exposure to hazardous substances in car repair shops. (German: Stoffbelastungen im Kraftfahrzeuggewerbe) Auffarth J., Hebisch R., Rentel K.H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. xi, 117p. Illus. 35 ref., ISBN 3-89429-870-7 (In German) Internet: Topics: carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; dangerous substances; dermatitis; dust; exhaust gases; exposure evaluation; Germany; health hazards; solvents; threshold limit values; vehicle repair and servicing. (77202)
CIS 01-1176 Controlling the occupational exposure of hand lay-up workers to styrene by the choice of ventilation, polyester and work practices. Andersson I.M., Arbetslivsinstitutet, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 40p. Illus. 53 ref., ISBN 91-7045-308-X (In English) Internet: Occupational exposure to styrene is a health risk to workers during the lamination of glass fibre-reinforced products, because approx. 10% of the styrene escapes during the hardening process. The occupational exposure level (OEL) for styrene in Sweden today is 20ppm (10ppm for new and renovated plants). This study looked at three ventilation options designed to reduce the risk: supply-air and air-exhaust ventilation, "air shower" ventilation, and horizontal displacement ventilation, adapted to the size and shape of the products. All three of these ventilation options was successful in reducing exposure to styrene during the hand lamination of products to below 10ppm. This success, however, depended on employees being familiar with the system. An alternative method of exposure reduction was also studied: that of using low styrene emission (LSE), as opposed to standard (STD), polyester. Laboratory tests with LSE polyester showed significant reductions (18ppm as opposed to 29ppm with STD) in mean exposure during lamination on a mould, but no reduction at all during lamination work on a table. In actual workplace tests, no significant reductions in exposure could be found at all when LSE polyester was used. Finally, the article describes a method for reducing styrene exposure based on the identification of work steps resulting in high exposures and on the modelling of the fluid dynamics of the work room. (77153)
CIS 01-1177 Hazardous substances in offset printing industry: Safety engineering. (German: Gefahrstoffe in Offsetdruckereien: Sicherheitstechnik) Görner B., Küter B., Renkewitz K., Schurig L., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. viii, 55p. Illus. 39 ref. Price: DEM 17.50., ISBN 3-89429-852-9 (In German) Internet: Topics: dangerous substances; exhaust ventilation; fans; Germany; limitation of exposure; offset printing; printing industry; safety and health engineering; solvents. (77201)
CIS 01-1178 Benzene exposure assessment: Environmental and biological control. (Spanish: Evaluación de la exposición a benceno: control ambiental y biológico) Santolaya Martínez C., Guardino Solá X., Rosell Farrás M.G., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. 11 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note on environmental and biological monitoring for benzene exposure assessment describes various methods for the sampling and analysis of benzene in ambient air, exhaled air and biological fluids (blood and urine). S-phenylmercapturic acid is currently considered as the most appropriate marker for biological monitoring of low exposures to benzene. (77126)
CIS 01-1179 Maximum allowable workplace concentrations and biological tolerance values for working materials - 2001. (German: MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2001) Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2001. 222p. + xxxiip. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 3-527-27599-1 (In German) Internet: Definition of the notion of "maximum concentration at the workplace" (MAK) and discussion of its basis and usefulness, of verification and compliance, of the relation of time-weighted average MAKs to peak exposures, and of the special problems posed by mixtures, allergens and substances absorbed by the skin. List of substances with their CAS numbers, chemical formulae, MAKs in ppm and mg/m3, as well as their peak exposure category, skin absorption (H) and sensitization (S) code, carcinogenicity category, pregnancy group code, mutagen category and vapour pressure (in hPa) at 20°C. Separate lists of substances for which no MAK value has been established, and of substances known to be dangerous to pregnant women or the foetus, but which have not been assigned to a risk category. Additional information is given on known or suspected carcinogens (including drugs and tobacco smoke), allergens and aerosols. "Indicative technical concentrations" (TRKs) are given for carcinogens. "Biological tolerance values" (BAT) are defined and listed for some substances. Previous edition abstracted (1996): CIS 97-249. (77258)
CIS 01-1180 Neurotoxicity: Neurotoxic agents. (Spanish: Neurotoxicidad: agentes neurotóxicos) Regidor Braojos L., Solans Lampurlanés X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note describes the functioning of the nervous system and the neurotoxic mechanisms (neuropathy, axonopathy, myelinopathy, inhibition of neurotransmission), and proposes a listing and classification of neurotoxic substances according to their action site. (77127)
CIS 01-1181 Dust control on concrete cutting saws used in the construction industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2000. 4p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English) Internet: Hand-held saws used in the construction industry for the cutting of concrete slabs generate high levels of dust, often containing large amounts of respirable crystalline silica. Breathing this dust can lead to the scarring of lung tissue (silicosis), which can result in serious breathing difficulties. In the United Kingdom, regulations require the workplace airborne concentration of crystalline silica dust to be below 0.3mg/m3 on an 8-hour TWA basis. This information sheet describes wet dust suppression and local exhaust ventilation systems which can be used to reduce exposure. Contents include: legal requirements; description of cutting equipment; common problems and their solutions; personal protective equipment. (77154)
CIS 01-1182 Wood dust - Technical note: Installing variable-flow exhausts in woodworking shops. (French: Poussières de bois - Note technique: installation d'aspiration à débit variable dans l'industrie de deuxième transformation du bois) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Oct. 1998. 17p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Guidance note on the installation of systems for absorbing wood dust in woodworking shops of small enterprises, where the level of activity is highly variable. The guidance is based on a real case installation of a variable-flow system in a company. Contents include: preliminary study; principles of a variable-flow network; description of the installed system; evaluation of the system. These systems contribute towards better working conditions (no need to wear dust respirators; reduced levels of noise; reduced risks of rhinitis; cleaner workshops). (76971)
CIS 01-1183 Wood dust - Technical note: Dust capturing devices. (French: Poussières de bois - Note technique: dispositifs de captage des poussières) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Jan. 1997. 8p. Illus. (In French) Internet: Wood finishing work gives rise to fine dusts, which are among the most dangerous. Reducing dust levels in woodworking shops requires the installation of localized exhaust ventilation systems. This guidance note describes such installations, based on the example of an installation made at a specific workplace. Contents include: scope; functionality and description of the exhaust ventilation system. Dust level measurements confirm the efficiency of the system. (76972)
CIS 01-1184 Wood dust: Hazards and precautions. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1997. 2p.12 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet describes the safety and heath hazards associated with exposure to wood dust and the legal requirements for the control or prevention of exposure. Wood dust has been assigned maximum exposure limits of 5mg/m3 (8 hr TWA) under the British COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Regulations. Fire and explosion hazards are also described. Recommendations are given for dust control measures, assessment of health risks, explosion precautions and cleaning of workplaces. Replaces the document abstracted as CIS 91-513. (77156)
CIS 01-1185 COSHH and the woodworking industries. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1997. 4p. 19 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet provides advice to employers on the application of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (COSHH, see CIS 95-19) to the woodworking industry. Contents: definition of a substance hazardous to health; types of potentially-harmful substances found in the woodworking industry and their routes of entry into the body; need for a risk assessment and measures to be taken following identification of risks; air sampling; dust extraction; selection of respirators; the need for health surveillance; employee training. Replaces CIS 91-517. (77158)
CIS 01-1186 Assessment and control of wood dust: Use of the dust lamp. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 2000. 2p. Illus. 13 ref. (In English) Internet: Wood dust is a substance hazardous to health, and employers have an obligation under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) to make an exposure assessment and to implement prevention and control measures. A dust lamp is a practical tool for conducting exposure assessments. It produces a high intensity parallel beam of light and shows up fine dust not visible under normal lighting conditions. This information sheet describes dust lamps and provides guidance on their method of use. (77159)
CIS 01-1187 Using physical models for evaluating fire hazards. (French: Utilisation de modèles physiques pour l'évaluation des dangers du feu) Curtat C., Préventique-Sécurité, May-June 1999, No.45, p.53-60. Illus. (In French) Internet: This article describes an engineering approach based on a series of models and computer software enabling the implementation of fire hazard safety measures in a building, taking into account the activities that take place within it. Contents include: physical modelling of fire; application of fire simulation tools to safety; quantification of thermal and chemical hazards of fire; example of the calculation of thermal radiation near large open flames. (77137)
CIS 01-1188 Gaseous extinguishing agents used in fixed fire suppression equipment. (French: Les agents extincteurs gazeux utilisés dans les installations fixes) Petit J.M., Falcy M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.41-49. 19 ref. (In French) Internet: Fired fire suppression equipment using gaseous extinguishing agents may be recommended for the protection of many workplaces, particularly where fire is a major hazard, or in premises housing costly equipment. This paper supplies users, particularly those responsible for fire prevention, with the requisite information for improved knowledge of the extinguishing agents they are likely to come across: where they are used; description of gases used, hazards linked to decomposition products; access to premises following emission; regulations and instructions for use. The 1996 recommendations of the French chemical ecotoxicity assessment committee concerning the use of certain halon substitutes in firefighting is appended. (77144)
CIS 01-1189 Explosivity characteristics of industrial dusts: Experimental determination based on six representative samples. (French: Caractéristiques d'explosivité des poussières industrielles: détermination expérimentale sur six échantillons représentatifs) Ronchail G., Petit J.M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1998, No.170, Note No.2070-170-98, p.5-19. Illus. 10 ref. (In French) Internet: After an introduction on the mechanisms of dust explosions and some of the characteristics of dust atmospheres, the results of experiments conducted on six industrial powder products in view of determining their explosive characteristics are presented. The products were supplied by the risk prevention departments of the French regional health insurance funds. A test protocol consisting of a series of validated, progressive experiments is proposed. It can be used by safety managers to determine the explosive potential of dusts present in their plants, in order to take appropriate prevention and protection measures. (76911)
CIS 01-1190 Ammonia - Dangerous, but so useful: Lessons from accidents (Part I). (French: Ammoniac, dangereux mais si utile: des accidents didactiques (première partie)) Andurand R., Préventique-Sécurité, May-June 1999, No.45, p.44-51. Illus. 8 ref. (In French) Internet: This article describes major accidents involving ammonia, together with the lessons that can be drawn. Cases include: explosion of a tank truck (Lievin, France, 1968); rupture of a flexible hose (Les Grandes Armoises, France, 1969); leak of liquid ammonia (Blair, USA, 1970); explosion of a storage cylinder (Potchefstroom, South Africa , 1973); rupture of a pipeline (Conway, USA, 1973); transportation accident (Zarauz, Spain, 1974); transportation accident (Houston, Texas, 1976); collapse of a liquid ammonia storage tank (Ionova, Lithuania, 1989); explosion of a storage tank (Dakar, Senegal, 1992). For Part II, see CIS 01-1192. (77136)
CIS 01-1191 Major chemical accidents of modern times. (French: Les grands accidents chimiques modernes) Préventique-Sécurité, July-Aug. 1999, No.46, p.20-25. Illus. (In French) Internet: This article briefly presents the major chemical accidents having occurred during the 20th century; Oppau (Germany, 1921, ammonium nitrate); Ludwigshafen (Germany, 1948, dimethyl ether); Texas City (USA, 1947, ammonium nitrate); Brest (France, 1947, ammonium nitrate); Los Alfaques (Spain, 1978, propylene); Texas City (USA, 1978, isobutane); Mexico City (Mexico, 1984, hydrocarbons); Bhopal (India, 1984, methyl isocyanate); Dakar (Senegal, 1992, liquid ammonia). (77138)
CIS 01-1192 Ammonia - Dangerous, but so useful: Lessons from accidents involving the refrigeration systems used in the food processing industry and in retail (Part II). (French: Ammoniac, dangereux mais si utile: des accidents didactiques dans les installations de réfrigération de l'agro-alimentaire et de la grande distribution (deuxième partie)) Andurand R., Préventique-Sécurité, July-Aug. 1999, No.46, p.56-61. Illus. 4 ref. (In French) Internet: Many refrigeration systems used in the food processing industry are based on ammonia, and their number is increasing as a consequence of the shift away from CFCs. These systems are found for example in walk-in coolers of slaughterhouses, industrial dairies and cheese factories, fruit and vegetable cooperatives, fisheries, trawlers, ice-making factories, meat storages and meat salting factories, deep-freezing of fresh or pre-cooked products, industrial bakeries, breweries, ice cream and sorbet factories, pizza-making and fortified wine bottling plants. The article contains brief descriptions of accidents having occurred with ammonia-based refrigeration systems in France (see also CIS 01-1190). (77139)
CIS 01-1193 Fundamentals of process safety. Marshall V., Ruhemann S., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 2001. xi, 298p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 29.50., ISBN 0-85295-431-X (In English) Internet: This book on process safety is aimed at chemical engineering students to prepare them for their future responsibilities in the process industry. Main topics covered: basic concepts (process safety, hazard system, characterization of hazards, assessment of hazards); hazard sources and their realizations; transmission path and barriers; various types of harm to people, equipment, buildings and environment; descriptions of major accidents; control of process hazards. (77224)
CIS 01-1194 Fire precautions in the clothing and textile industries. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. iv, 28p. lllus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1786-6 (In English) Internet: Almost all textile products are flammable and many textile factories have large quantities of combustible good on stock or as part of the work in progress. This booklet offers guidance aimed at employers on conducting a risk assessment. Contents include: general factors that influence the risk from fire from within a building; safety measures that relate to particular processes; means of escape; training and safety rules; fire protection equipment; maintenance; protection against arson; legal requirements; testing the fire hazards of textile goods stored in bulk. (76944)
CIS 01-1195 Gas cylinders - Refillable gas cylinder valves - Specification and type testing. (French: Bouteilles à gaz - Robinets de bouteilles à gaz rechargeables - Spécifications et essais de type) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1st ed., 1999. iii, 24p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English, French) Internet: This international standard specifies the requirements for refillable gas cylinder valves and methods of testing such valves for approval. It is applicable to valves fitted to gas cylinders of up to 150 litres, intended to convey compressed, liquefied or dissolved gasses. It is only applicable to valves operated by a hand wheel or key. It does not apply to valves for breathing equipment, fire extinguishers, cryogenic equipment or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). (76938)
CIS 01-1196 First aid: What to do in cases of burns. (Spanish: Primeros auxilios: Actuación frente a las quemaduras) Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.12, p.59. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: Burns are among the injuries whose severity may be attenuated if first aid is dispensed appropriately. This information sheet defines various types of burns and formulates general rules (what should and should not be done) when faced with burn injuries, as well as specific rules for burns from fires, electrical burns, chemical burns, burns from incandescent solids and burns from boiling or burning liquids. (77187)
CIS 01-1197 Acquired experience in the inspection of internal lightning protection installations. (German: Erfahrung in der Prüfung von inneren Blitzschutzanlagen) Kopecky V., Der Elektro-Praktiker, May 1998, Vol.52, No.5, p.466-482. Illus. 12 ref. (In German) Internet: Topics: earth faults; earthing; electrical equipment; electrical safety; lightning protection; overvoltage protection; safe distances; safety engineering. (77168)
CIS 01-1198 Telemanipulators for work on high power electric lines. (German: Telemanipulatoren für die Arbeit an stromführenden Leitungen) Gout D., Janus, 1997, No.25, p.20-22. Illus. (In German) Internet: Topics: conductors; electricity; France; Japan; maintenance and repair; overhead electric lines; remote handling; robots; safe working methods; tests on models. (77167)
CIS 01-1199 Vibrating tables in the concrete industry: Analysis of noise generation mechanisms for noise reduction at the source. (French: Tables vibrantes utilisées dans l'industrie du béton: analyse des mécanismes de génération du bruit pour une réduction à la source) Asselineau M., Lovat G., Danière P., Arbey H.S., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1998, No.170, Note No.2071-170-98, p.21-32. Illus. 25 ref. (In French) Internet: European directives require manufacturers of industrial machinery to reduce the noise emitted by their machines to the lowest possible levels, in particular by acting at the noise source level. This requires a proper understanding of the mechanisms responsible for noise in each component of the machine. This understanding makes it possible to act directly at the noise source level, and to estimate improvements likely to be achieved. Vibrating tables which are widely used in the cement industry constitute a major source of noise both for the operator and for the surrounding environment. Means of considerably reducing noise emissions at the source are presented in this paper, including reducing workload, limiting shocks, eliminating resonance, and damping the walls from which noise is radiated. The improvements in acoustic performance that can be expected form these different methods are discussed. (76912)
CIS 01-1200 Noise and its consequences. (French: Le bruit et ses conséquences) Douté M., Face au risque, Oct. 1999, No.356, p.7-16. Illus. 14 ref. (In French) Internet: In France, two million workers are exposed to noise levels that present a risk of hearing damage (above 85dB(A)). In 1997, illnesses due to noise exposure accounted for 4.7% of occupational illnesses, the third-highest cause behind musculoskeletal disorders and illnesses from asbestos dust exposure. In 1996, 34% of occupational disease compensation was paid for illnesses due to noise exposure. Contents of this collection of articles: harmful effects of noise; description of the scale for measuring noise; functioning of the ear; individual and collective protection measures; French and European standards. (77148)
CIS 01-1201 Subjective assessment of whole-body vibration transmitted by vibration-insulated operator seats - An experimental study. (German: Zur subjectiven Beurteilung der Einwirkung von Ganzkörperschwingungen bei Nutzung schwingungsisolierender Sitze - Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Studie) Hinz B., Seidel H., Blüthner R., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, May 1998, Vol.52, No.1, p.30-35. Illus. 15 ref. (In German) Internet: Topics: anthropometry; description of technique; drivers seats; subjective assessment; vibration damping; vibration measurement; vibration testing; vibration transmission; whole-body vibration. (77165)
CIS 01-1202 Ultraviolet radiation lamps: Quantification of the risks associated with their use. (French: Lampes à rayonnement ultraviolet: quantification des risques associés à leur utilisation) Barlier-Salsi A., Salsi S., Klinger A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1998, No.170, Note No.2074-170-98, p.49-56. Illus. 8 ref. (In French) Internet: The aim of the study was to quantify the risk associated with the use of different types of ultraviolet lamps and to define the limits within which they should be used. For this purpose, the spectral irradiance of 30 ultraviolet lamps was measured between 200 and 400nm. Maximum durations of daily exposure were determined as a function of distance from the radiation source. Most lamps proved to be potentially dangerous, making it necessary to wear protective equipment, especially with sources emitting in the UVB and UVC ranges (200-315nm). With the other lamps, it is essential not to exceed the daily exposure duration limits. (76914)
CIS 01-1203 Environmental radioactivity, population exposure and related health risks in the east Baltic region. Balonov M.I., Krisyuk E.M., Ramel C., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.3, p.17-32. Illus. 56 ref. (In English) Internet: Radioactive contamination, population exposures and the risk of damage to human health are surveyed in the east Baltic region. Principal sources include global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, and marine transport of radionuclides. A mean annual exposure of 2-3mSv comes from environmental radioactivity. Main contributors are primarily radon and its decay products. The Chernobyl accident brought an additional dose of about 0.5mSv in southern Finland and 1.4mSv in the most contaminated districts of the Leningrad region, Russia. Both external and internal exposure via contaminated food contributed to this exposure. Radiation health risks are lung cancer among the general population from indoor exposure to radon, acute radiation syndrome from occupational exposure, thyroid cancer among children in heavily contaminated areas and mutations among offspring of exposed parents. (77007)
CIS 01-1204 Human brain activity during exposure to radiofrequency fields emitted by cellular phones. Hietanen M., Kovala T., Hämäläinen A.M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 2000, Vol.26, No.2, p.87-92. Illus. 10 ref. (In English) Internet: The aim of this study was to explore the possible influence of radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure on the human brain function. The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of 19 Finnish volunteers (10 men and 9 women) was analysed quantitatively. The sources of exposure were 5 different analogue and digital cellular phone models operating at a frequency of 900MHz and 1800MHz. The EEG activity was recorded in an awake, closed-eyes situation. The duration of the exposure phase was 20 minutes. Exposure to one of the phones caused a statistically significant change in the absolute power at the delta band of the EEG recording. However, no difference was seen in the relative power of the same band, and no changes occurred during exposure to other phones at any frequency bands. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to RF fields emitted by cellular phones has no abnormal effects on EEG activity. (77025)
CIS 01-1205 Lasers: Risks and preventive measures. (French: Les lasers: risques et prévention) Hée G., Balty I., Mayer A., Courant D., Lièvre M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.445-463. Illus. 33 ref. (In French) Internet: After characterizing and describing the different types of laser emissions, the risks related to high voltage and radiant heat, with special emphasis on the dangers of eye exposure are presented. Recommended occupational exposure limits and the standard classification of laser instruments according to the European standard NF EN 60825-1 of July 1994 are provided. The recommended general and individual protective measures concern essentially the protection from the thermal effects of radiation. A list of protective goggles available in France is provided, together with the requirements they must satisfy. Finally, instruments for measuring laser energy and power are presented in tabular form. (77096)
CIS 01-1206 Radiation protection. (French: La radioprotection) Bianchi P., Face au risque, Oct. 1999, No.356, p.25-28. Illus. (In French) Internet: Ionizing radiation is present not only in the nuclear industry, but also in a variety of industrial and occupational settings including industrial radiology, measuring and detection instruments, radiation curing of polymers, static electricity suppressors, food conservation and medical facilities. A large proportion of these activities are carried out by SMEs. The article presents French radioprotection regulations, and summarizes the administrative, technical and medical requirements for companies housing this type of radiation. Among the other topics covered: effects of radiation; the "ALARA" (as low as reasonably achievable) principle of exposure optimization; measurement units; measuring instruments; personal protective equipment. (77150)
CIS 01-1207 Pressurized sleeves and gloves for protection against acceleration-induced arm pain. Self B.P., Balldin U.I., Schaffstall R.M., Morgan T.R., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.71, No.5, p.501-505. Illus. 15 ref. (In English) Internet: Acceleration (or G) induced arm pain may develop in centrifuge runs and in flight with low arm position and assisted pressure breathing during G (PBG) in combination with an extended coverage anti-G suit. To decrease this arm pain, pressurized sleeves and gloves were developed. Eight subjects who earlier exhibited G-induced arm pain were tested for different G-exposures of up to +9Gz on the centrifuge. The subjects were tested without the sleeves and gloves, and with the sleeves and gloves pressurized to a maximum of 40, 60, or 80mmHg at +9Gz. The subjects reported their left and right arm pain on a subjective rating scale. The pressurized sleeves and gloves significantly decreased arm pain, but no significant difference was found among the different pressures used. Heart rate was not different with and without the pressurized sleeves and gloves. (77049)
CIS 01-1208 Development and trials of new noise control methods for the implementation of EU directives. (German: Entwicklung und überprüfung neuer Methoden der Lärmminderungstechnik bei der Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien) Knochenhauer K.H., Trautmann U., Brylka D., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. xv, 150p. Illus. 21 ref., ISBN 3-89429-862-6 (In German) Internet: Topics: directive; Germany; ISO; machine tools; noise charts; noise control; noise level measurement; sound absorption; sound propagation. (77208)
CIS 01-1209 Effects of vibration on bus drivers' cabs. (German: Schwingungseinwirkung an Fahrerarbeitsplätzen von Kraftomnibussen) Fischer S., Göres B., Gondek K.H., Sayn D., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, June 1999. 129p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 3-88383-522-6 (In German) Internet: Topics: buses; drivers cabs; drivers seats; exposure evaluation; Germany; report; research; vibration amplitude; vibration frequency; vibration measurement; vibration transmission; whole-body vibration. (77217)
CIS 01-1210 Assessment of air drafts at the workplace. (German: Bewertung von Zugluft am Arbeitsplatz) Griefahn B., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 143p. Illus. 56 ref., ISBN 3-89701-281-2 (In German) Internet: Topics: air movement; air temperature; airflow measurement; human experiments; individual susceptibility; ISO; mathematical models; questionnaire survey; skin temperature; velocity of flow; workplaces. (77215)
CIS 01-1211 Experimental study of the effect of 50Hz magnetic fields (Final report). (German: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von 50-Hz-Magnetfeldern (Schlussbericht)) Ruppe I., Hentschel K., Eggert S., Goltz S., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 54p. Illus. 29 ref. Price: DEM 16.00., ISBN 3-89429-946-0 (In German) Internet: Topics: assessment of working capacity; body temperature; concentration ability; electrocardiography; fatigue; Germany; health hazards; human experiments; magnetic fields; reaction time; short-term exposure. (77205)
CIS 01-1212 Nuclear data for neutron and proton radiotherapy and for radiation protection. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 7919 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Mar. 2000. x, 261p. Illus. 446 ref. + CD-ROM. Index. Price: USD 95.00., ISBN 0-913394-62-9 (In English) Internet: This report describes nuclear data that are available for fast neutron and proton radiotherapy and for radiation protection. The current state of knowledge of neutron and proton sources is described, with a particular emphasis on beams at energies used in radiotherapy. Recommendations for nuclear safety are also given. (77229)
CIS 01-1213 Comfort of low-flammable protective clothing made of linen-containing blends. (German: Trageeigenschaften schwerentflammbarer Schutzkleidung in Verbindung mit Leinen) Heines A., Fleischmann N., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. v, 55p. 11 ref., ISBN 3-89429-860-X (In German) Internet: Topics: chemical protective clothing; comfort assessment; comfort criteria; fire resistance; flame retardants; flax; Germany; protective clothing; standard; work clothing. (77206)
CIS 01-1214 Thoriated tungsten electrodes - Radiation exposure by inhalation of radionuclides during welding and grinding. (German: Wolframelektroden mit Thoriumdioxid - Strahlenexposition durch Inhalation von Radionukleiden beim Schweissen und Anschleifen) Tietze A., Witkowski N., Biehl R., Pilwat G., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. viii, 119p. Illus. 55 ref., ISBN 3-89429-889-8 (In German) Internet: Topics: thorium; tungsten; electric welding; exhaust ventilation; exposure evaluation; face shields; Germany; inhalation; particulate radiation; radioactive substances; shielded-arc welding; thorium and compounds; ventilation systems; welding electrodes; welding fumes. (77210)
CIS 01-1215 Rail-based transport systems - Part 1: Exposure to static and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields in the magnetic suspension Transrapid 07 train. (German: Schienengebundene Transportsysteme - Teil 1: Exposition durch statische und niederfrequente elektrische und magnetische Felder an der Magnetschwebebahn Transrapid 07) Ruppe I., Hentschel K., Eggert S., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 104p. Illus. 7 ref., ISBN 3-89429-904-5 (In German) Internet: Topics: electric fields; exposure evaluation; field strength measurement; Germany; long-term exposure; magnetic fields; rail transport; statistical evaluation. (77204)
CIS 01-1216 Decommissioning of medical, industrial and research facilities. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 1999. 38p. Illus. 18 ref. Author index., ISBN 92-0-102099-6 (In English) Internet: This safety guide addresses the decommissioning of medical, industrial and research facilities where radioactive materials and sources are produced, received, used and stored. It is intended to provide guidance to national authorities and operating organizations, particularly to those in developing countries, for the planning and safe management of the decommissioning of such facilities. Examples of the contents of a decommissioning plan and of the final radiation survey are given in the appendices. (77226)
CIS 01-1217 Cam programmers: Functional analysis and experimental results. (French: Programmateurs à cames: analyse fonctionnelle et résultats d'essais) Marsot J, Parisot E., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.405-412. Illus. 17 ref. (In French) Internet: On some machines, particularly presses, cam programmers perform safety functions. These programmers are either designed and produced by the manufacturers of the machines on which they are installed, or manufactured as separate, ready-to-use modules. In the latter case, new safety programmers or those considered as new must meet the relevant essential safety requirements set forth in the Machinery Directive, as amended. This paper describes the functional analysis and tests carried out on four safety programmers. Based on these results and on the standards applicable, recommendations are given on the design, selection and installation of these devices. (77093)
CIS 01-1218 Preventing the uncontrolled movements of lifts. (German: Massnahmen gegen unkontrollierte Fahrbewegungen) Schiffner G., Lift Report, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.22, No.6, p.6, 8-10 (German), p.12, 14-16. (English). Illus. 6 ref. (In English, German) Internet: Topics: analysis of accident causes; brakes; deceleration; Germany; legislation; lifts; safety devices. (77177)
CIS 01-1219 Elevator landing and cab doors made from glass. (German: Schacht- und Fahrkorbtüren aus Glas) Wieland R., Lift Report, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.22, No.6, p.18-20, 22 (German), p.22, 24-26. (English). Illus. 4 ref. (In English, German) Internet: Topics: doors; Germany; glass; impact testing; legislation; lift cars and doors; notch brittleness; standard; strength of materials. (77178)
CIS 01-1220 Escalator stopping, braking and passenger falls. (German: Das Anhalten/Abbremsen von Fahrtreppen und die Gefahr eines Sturzes der Benutzer) Al-Sharif L., Lift Report, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.22, No.6, p.34-36, 38-40 (German), p.42-46. (English). Illus. 18 ref. (In English, German) Internet: Topics: acceleration; brakes; deceleration; emergency stop devices; escalators; falls of persons; Germany; velocity measurement. (77179)
CIS 01-1221 Developments and state of the art of elevator doors and associated safety equipment. (German: Stand und Entwicklung von Aufzugstüren und deren Sicherheitseinrichtungen) Biewald J., Lift Report, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.22, No.6, p.48-53 (German), p.53-58. (English). Illus. 8 ref. (In English, German) Internet: Topics: description of equipment; doors; Germany; legislation; lift cars and doors; safe working methods; safety by design; safety devices. (77180)
CIS 01-1222 Lifelines: Specifications and testing. (French: Lignes de vie: spécifications, essais) Paureau J., Jacqmin M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.173, p.413-428. Illus. 13 ref. (In French) Internet: This article describes the two main types of lifelines: those which include devices such as springs designed to increase the angle of equilibrium of the cable, and those that do not. It lists the information required for the design of lifelines and explains how to determine the characteristics of the different components (cables, springs and, where applicable, the proper settings, i.e. cable slack) in relation to the mechanical strength of the anchorage structure. It gives a method for calculating fall arrest distances and compares the results with those obtained experimentally. Information is provided on materials that ensure improved durability, and on the rational use of lifelines. Finally, the initial results obtained with a new type of lanyard absorber that pays rope out at a constant force, avoiding the disadvantages of "tear-type" absorbers are described. This new type of absorber should provide better control of fall arrest distances and help optimize lifeline design. (77094)
CIS 01-1223 Hanging scaffolds. (Spanish: Andamios colgados) Tosal Suárez J.M., Fueyo Martín C., Pérez Sánchez L.M., Ruiz Barberán J.M., Solar Viña M., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.4, p.4-11. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This article analyses the data concerning 24 severe occupational accidents due to hanging scaffolds, some fatal, having occurred during the last twenty years in the Asturias region of Spain. They were mainly due to falls of persons into the space between the scaffold and the façade. Most of these scaffolds (90%) were made of planks. The authors also present the results of a study of 77 construction sites involving 624 workers. More than half of the elevation systems consisted of a simple pulley. Only just over one fourth of the scaffolds had been load tested before being used and more than half were not maintained regularly. 81% of the scaffolds were not fixed to the façade, and where these anchorage points existed, 60% did not meet the requirements. Changes for improving safety are discussed. (77062)
CIS 01-1224 Transport and storage in industrial companies. (German: Transport und Lagerung im Betrieb) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. 135p. Illus. 11 ref., ISBN 3-89429-835-9 (In German) Internet: Proceedings of a conference on the safety aspects of transport and storage in industrial companies, held in Dresden, Germany, 17 October 1996. Seven major papers and seven posters were contributed on the topic. (77171)
CIS 01-1225 Employers' and employees' response to HSE's guidance on Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHOR). Currie N., Wilson W., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. vi, 25p. Illus. 16 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2049-2 (In English) Internet: The aim of the study was to ascertain the level of knowledge and application of the HSE's guidance on Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MOHR) 1992 (see CIS 93-664) by employers and employees of small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). Analysis of interview and questionnaire data reveals a considerable lack of awareness of these regulations and confusion about the subject of risk assessment procedures. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) needs to be more flexible and have a greater awareness of the economic and manpower restraints experienced by small companies. (77230)
CIS 01-1226 Safety measures for specified equipment/machines. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. x, 408p.; iii, 157p.; ii, 101p.; i, 187p.; 166p. (5 volumes). Illus. (In English) Internet: Proceedings of a joint seminar of the ILO and the Asia and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA) on safety measures for equipment and machines held at Pattaya, Thailand, 9-16 March 1992. Topics of individual volumes: general report; boilers and pressure vessels; cranes and mobile cranes; earth-moving machines for construction; industrial trucks for loading and carrying. (76940)
CIS 01-1227 Earth-moving machinery - Hazard analysis, prospects for improved safety designs. (German: Erdbaumaschinen - Analyse der Gefährdungen, Perspektiven für die sicherheitstechnische Gestaltung) Speck J., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. vi, 142p. Illus. 30 ref., ISBN 3-89429-861-8 (In German) Internet: Topics: analysis of accident causes; design of equipment; dragline scrapers and excavators; earthmoving equipment; excavators; Germany; graders; hazard evaluation; loaders; safety by design. (77207)
CIS 01-1228 Worker deaths by falls - A summary of surveillance findings and investigative case reports. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Nov. 2000. xi, 322p. Illus. 35 ref. (In English) Internet: Between 1980 and 1994, there were 8,102 deaths in the United States due to falls from heights at work, accounting for 10% of all occupational fatalities in the country. This report summarizes surveillance data and investigative reports of fatal work-related falls from elevations. Part I provides an overview of fall hazards at the workplace, a summary of the epidemiology of fatal occupational falls, and recommended elements for an effective safety program for the prevention of falls at the workplace. Part II contains case summaries and prevention recommendations from 90 investigation reports of fatalities from falls from heights. (77116)
CIS 01-1229 Guide to the design of water towers - Safety. (French: Guide pour la conception d'un château d'eau - Sécurité) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, May 1996. 4p. Illus. (In French) Internet: This guidance note summarizes the main elements that need to be taken into consideration when designing water towers, so as to take into account the safety issues during the subsequent operating phases of the installation. Topics covered: traffic and location; access to the installation; access chutes and anchoring points for maintenance; lighting; rails and ladders for cleaning operations; piping for the transport of cleaning liquids; underground ventilation space. (76973)
CIS 01-1230 Safety in the use of abrasive wheels. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., Oct. 2000. vi, 50p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1739-4 (In English) Internet: This booklet is a revision of the 1991 edition (see CIS 92-1021) and provides basic facts and advice about safe working practices during the use of abrasive wheels. This revision follows the introduction of the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 (see CIS 96-410) as amended and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER 98, see CIS 99-1429). Contents include: training of grinder operators; abrasive wheel characteristics (marking); safety in grinding operations; grinding machines; mounting of abrasive wheels; guards; portable and hand-held grinding machines; operation of abrasive wheels; personal protective equipment. (76946)
CIS 01-1231 CNC turning machines: Controlling risks from ejected parts. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2001. 5p. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: Most ejections from CNC turning machines result from operator error and failure to properly maintain work-holding devices. Work involving faceplates and other turning fixtures need special care in operation. This information sheet provides guidance to help machine users carry out an assessment of the risks from accidental ejection at CNC turning machines. Contents include: legal requirements in the United Kingdom; ejection risk factors; engineering controls; materials used for guard and vision panels; guard and vision panel fixings; remedial measures; safe working practices. (77152)
CIS 01-1232 Safe stacking of sawn timber and board materials. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Dec. 2000. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: Nearly 20% of fatal injuries and 13% of major injuries in woodworking are caused by strikes by falling objects, in particular timber falling from stacks. This information sheet contains practical guidance on the safe stacking and storage of sawn timber and board materials. Contents include: what can be done to prevent stacking accidents; stack stability factors; safe working practices; protecting the public; storage area management and layout; personal protection. (77157)
CIS 01-1233 Safe use and operation of play inflatables, including bouncy castles. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2001. 6p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English) Internet: This information sheet provides guidance for those involved in the design, manufacture, importation, supply, inspection and safe use of inflatable devices used for play by young children, in particular to bounce, climb or slide. These devices are made from flexible fabrics, are kept inflated by blowers and rely on air pressure to maintain their shape. This guidance lists the possible hazards and outlines the precautions that need to be taken to avoid them. Contents include: inspections; buying and selling of inflatable devices; information to be provided by the supplier; recognized hazards; design considerations; maintenance; safe operation; training and accident reporting. (77151)
CIS 01-1234 Dissemination of microorganisms under laminar and turbulent air flow. (German: Ausbreitung von Microorganismen in laminarer und turbulenter Strömung) Scheer F.A., HLH - Heizung Lüftung/Klima Haustechnik, Apr. 1998, Vol.49, No.4, p.58-61. Illus. 9 ref. (In German) Internet: Topics: aerosols; air movement; airflow measurement; bacteriology; germ transport; microorganisms; number concentration determination; particle deposition. (77166)
CIS 01-1235 Field testing of a personal size-selective bioaerosol sampler. Kenny L.C., Bowry A., Crook B., Stancliffe J.D., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1999, Vol.43, No.6, p.393-404. Illus. 18 ref. (In English) Internet: The objective of this study was to evaluate a newly-developed personal bioaerosol sampler designed to collect the inhalable dust fraction and further subdivide the sample into thoracic and respirable fractions. The new sampler was found to be simple to use in the field and in subsequent laboratory analyses. The field trials showed that for sampling periods lasting several hours, microorganism survival within the sampler was adequate for culture and identification of the organisms present. This new sampler is now commercially available. In addition to bioaerosol sampling, the principle of size selective sampling can be applied to other occupational hygiene problems, and also to indoor air monitoring. (76931)
CIS 01-1236 Endotoxins in the environment: A criteria document. Rylander R., ed., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Supplement to Jan.-Mar.1997, Vol.3, No.1, p.S1-S48 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English) Internet: Bacterial endotoxins may be responsible for pulmonary diseases arising in a dust-contaminated environment. This criteria document reviews the available scientific information about endotoxins. Contents: environments with exposures to endotoxins; endotoxin structure; biochemistry and cell biology of endotoxins; human challenge studies with endotoxins; epidemiologic investigations (acute and chronic effects); evaluation of the risks of endotoxin exposures; environmental monitoring; analyses of endotoxins. (77060)
CIS 01-1237 Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from medical waste; Further adventures of the tubercle bacillus. Johnson K.R., Braden C.R., Cairns K.L., Field K.W., Colombel A.C., Yang Z., Woodley C.L., Morlock G.P., Weber A.M., Boudreau A.Y., Bell T.A., Onorato I.M., Valway S.E., Stehr-Green P.A., Sepkowitz K.A., Journal of the American Medical Association, Oct. 2000, Vol.284, No.13, p.1683-1688; p.1701-1702. Illus. 40 ref. (In English) Internet: Three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were reported among workers at a medical waste treatment facility in 1997. The facility accepted contaminated medical waste where it was shredded, blown, compacted and finally deactivated. There was no previous documentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission as a result of processing medical waste. The three patient-workers' isolates had different DNA fingerprints. One worker had a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Equipment failures, insufficient employee training and respiratory protective equipment inadequacies were identified at the facility. It is concluded that the processing of contaminated medical waste resulted in transmission of M. tuberculosis to at least one medical waste treatment facility worker. The issue of the journal also contains an editorial article (by Sepkowitz K.A.) on the worldwide resurgence of TB. (77059)
CIS 01-1238 Management of occupational safety and health in laboratories where high-risk biological organisms are present. (Spanish: Gestión de la prevención en un centro de alta seguridad biológica) Pascual Álvarez G., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2001, No.11, p.16-23. Illus. 10 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: There are three main factors of safety in laboratories where high-risk (hazard-classes 3 and 4) biological organisms are present: biological safety, proper maintenance of biological equipment and occupational hygiene. Biological safety involves paying attention to the following: negative pressure in contaminated zones, filtration of fresh and exhaust air, hygrometric and thermal conditions in laboratories and animal houses, decontamination, solid and liquid waste management, control of the inflow and outflow of samples and the reception of animals. Regular maintenance must be carried out on the equipment to ensure that it stays in compliance with safety levels 3 or 4, and management must take corrective, preventive and predictive actions, energy costs and emission control into account. Occupational hygiene must be in compliance with legislation on occupational hazards; workers must receive training in biological hazards and informed of the risks they are exposed to and appropraite preventive measures to be adopted. (77182)
CIS 01-1239 Allergy to laboratory animals: Risk factors for development of allergy and methods for measuring airborne rodent allergens. Renström A., Arbetslivsinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1997. viii, 56p. Illus. 125 ref., ISBN 91-7045-449-3 (In English) Internet: Between 10-50% of workers exposed to laboratory animals (mostly rats and mice) develop laboratory animal allergy (LAA) with symptoms of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma or urticaria. Many, although not necessarily those with symptoms, are sensitized (elevated total IgE levels in serum). The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for LAA, and to develop methods for the measurement of aeroallergen exposure. In a prospective study, 225 laboratory technician students were investigated. Two years after graduation, those who worked with laboratory animals (n=38) were re-examined. Nine of them (24%) developed animal work related symptoms and/or specific IgE to the animals (most had both). Significant factors for this development were intensity of exposure (number of hours/month exposed) and exposure to male rodents. Another, cross-sectional, study of 80 workers investigated the risk of developing LAA in research departments with low exposure levels. In this case, risk factors for LAA were Phadiatop positivity, elevated total IgE, allergy to fur animals and exposure to male rodents. Finally, the article describes several newly-developed and sensitive methods used for the measurement of airborne rat and mouse urinary allergens. (77222)
CIS 01-1240 Indoor air quality: Identification of fungi. (Spanish: Calidad del aire interior: identificación de hongos) Martí Solé M.C., Alonso Espadalé R.M., Constans Aubert A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish) Internet: This information note presents the main methods for identifying fungi, spores and moulds in indoor air and describes the sampling and culture techniques. The characterization is done under the microscope. Health effects of exposure to fungal spores, mycotoxins and VOC emissions are discussed. (77128)
CIS 01-1241 Biological hazards - Managing biological hazards during the maintenance or repair of medical laboratory equipment by external contractors. (French: Risque biologique - Maîtrise du risque biologique lors des travaux de maintenance ou d'entretien d'appareils par des entreprises extérieures dans des laboratoires d'analyses médicales) Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, [1996]. 8p. (In French) Internet: In medical laboratories there is a high risk of contamination from infectious agents entering the body by way of the lungs, skin, mucous membranes or blood. Working in unfamiliar premises represents an additional source of risk. This guidance note is aimed at helping medical laboratories prepare a safety and health plan for the repair and maintenance of instruments by external contractors. An example of a check list enabling the preparation of the safety and health plan is included. (76974)
CIS 01-1242 Effects of physical and mental stressors on muscle pain. Westgaard R.H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.4, p.19-24. Illus. 37 ref. (In English) Internet: Physical and mental stressors as risk factors for pain development are discussed. Physical stressors are represented by muscle activity recorded by electromyography (EMG), while mental stress is considered synonymous with psychosocial stress in vocational studies and cognitive stress is used as a model in experimental studies. Pain in the shoulder and neck is focused and related to EMG recordings of activity in the trapezius muscle. A three-factor conceptual model is presented in which the independent dimensions physical work load, mental stress and individual sensitivity determine the risk of shoulder and neck complaints. (77002)
CIS 01-1243 Musculoskeletal disorders - A continuing challenge for epidemiologic research. Riihimäki H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.4, p.31-35. Illus. 20 ref. (In English) Internet: In this paper some quality issues of epidemiological studies on work-related musculoskeletal diseases are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of epidemiologic studies are described, including the rarely applied case-crossover design. Problems in the ascertainment of disease, as well as the assessment of exposure to physical load, are also raised. The importance of understanding the pathomechanisms of the diseases under study is stressed. (77003)
CIS 01-1244 Effectiveness of early physical therapy in the treatment of acute low back musculoskeletal disorders. Zigenfus G.C., Yin J., Giang G.M., Fogarty W.T., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.42, No.1, p.35-39. 14 ref. (In English) Internet: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of early physical therapy intervention on treatment outcomes for workers with acute low back injuries. A total of 3,867 cases were randomly selected from the database of a large occupational health care provider. Cases were assigned to either the early therapy intervention group or one of the two comparison groups on the basis of their delay to physical therapy. The treatment outcomes for the three groups were compared. The results showed that patients in the early therapy intervention had more favourable outcomes than the two comparison groups. Specifically, patients in the early intervention group had fewer physician visits, fewer restricted workdays, fewer days away from work and shorter case duration. These results provide a strong indication for the effectiveness of early physical therapy intervention The financial implications of the findings are discussed. (77016)
CIS 01-1245 Assessment of body postures under strain in a yarn spinning mill by an evaluation technique based on video recording. (German: Ermittlung belastender Körperhaltungen mit einem Haltungsbewertungsverfahren in einer Garnspinnerei auf der Basis von Videoaufnahmen) Vedder J., Krüger J., Laurig W., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, May 1998, Vol.52, No.1, p.15-21. Illus. 28 ref. (In German) Internet: Workers in a fibre spinning plant complained of musculo-skeletal disorders. A videorecording-based load analysis was performed in order to investigate the problem. Possibly hazardous postures were noted, which may be related to the inadequate design of the spinning machines and of a handling device. Answers to a questionnaire survey revealed a high frequency of pain and other disorders in all body regions, but particularly of the lower back. It is difficult to establish a direct correlation between the observed postures and the health complaints, however. The application of videorecordings for the observation of working postures proved to be a practical method for a workplace setting. (77164)
CIS 01-1246 Refuse collection with selective sorting: What impact on working conditions? - Ergonomic study (I). (French: La collecte des ordures en tri sélectif: quel coût pour l'homme au travail? - Etude ergonomique (I)) Brehier M., Dupéry M., Djemil K., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1999, Vol.39, No.3, p.297-306. Illus. 6 ref. (In French) Internet: Refuse collection involving selective sorting is increasingly practiced for economic reasons. An ergonomic study of the conditions of municipal waste collection with a novel concept truck having a lowered cabin and no rear step, was conducted by observing the activities of waste collectors and the driver, measuring the pulse rate, the distance covered and the sound level. The observation enabled the highlighting of gaps between job descriptions and the tasks effectively carried out, and revealed dysfunctions, in particular with respect to some of the work postures. On the basis of pulse rate measurements, the activity is classified as being "strenuous" or "very strenuous". One of the waste collectors covered a distance of 16.8km while running. Noise dosimetry reveals a high level of noise exposure. The new job descriptions and the numerous dysfunctions caused by the new equipment (in particular without rear steps) increased the strenuousness of the work. The results were taken into account by the waste collection company, which required the manufacturer to modify the trucks and truck cabins. (77097)
CIS 01-1247 Assessment of the workload of nursing tasks with the objective of improving work organization. (German: Beanspruchungsanalysen bei Pflegetätigkeiten zur Abteilung arbeitsorganisatorischer Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten) Hacker W., Reinhold S., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, May 1998, Vol.52, No.1, p.7-14. Illus. 30 ref. (In German) Internet: Topics: hazard evaluation; health care personnel; hospitals; human relations; job dissatisfaction; job study; mental workload; motivation; neuropsychic stress; physical workload; work organization. (77163)
CIS 01-1248 Possibilities for regulatory actions in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Kilbom Å., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.4, p.5-12. Illus. 40 ref. (In English) Internet: This review argues that there is a need for regulatory action against work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Designing such regulation is fraught with problems, such as insufficient knowledge about mechanisms and exposure-dose-response relationships. The multifactorial character of the disorders, especially risks involving work organization, further complicates the issue. Some major regulations are reviewed, and it is argued that there is insufficient scientific support for quantitative regulations proposed for some European standards. The introduction of recent Nordic ergonomic regulations is a step forward. Researchers should become more involved in these activities, and priorities in future research that would benefit a more scientific approach to ergonomic regulation are suggested. (77001)
CIS 01-1249 Head roll compensation in a visually coupled HMD: Considerations for helicopter operations. Craig G.L., Jennings S.A., Swail C.P., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.71, No.5, p.476-484. Illus. 21 ref. (In English) Internet: The helmet-mounted display (HMD) research programme at the Flight Research Laboratory of Canada examined the effects of HMD camera platform dynamics on pilot workload. Many currently fielded visually coupled HMD systems do not reproduce head movements in the roll axis which can lead to the presentation of visual information that is not consistent with vestibular and proprioceptive information. This sensory conflict may induce motion sickness and increase pilot workload. To examine this premise, three pilots flew a series of standardized manoeuvres with or without roll compensation in the camera platform of a visually coupled HMD system. Increases in motion sickness symptoms and pilot workload were noted during complex high-workload manoeuvres when no roll compensation was present in the camera platform. During the most demanding manoeuvres, the lack of roll compensation in the camera platform made it difficult for the pilot to control the helicopter. (77047)
CIS 01-1250 Effects of quick rotating shift schedules on the health and adjustment of air traffic controllers. Cruz C., Della Rocco P., Hackworth C., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.71, No.4, p.400-407. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: Air Traffic Control Specialists (ATCSs) have work shifts that involve counterclockwise rapid rotations. Researchers have reported negative health effects associated with shift work, suggesting that workers on rotating shift schedules suffer the greatest consequences. To assess the extent of health, sleep and shift work adaptation problems, 210 ATCSs completed a questionnaire including a range of health, sleep, job and lifestyle questions. Comparisons were conducted based on length of shift (8- vs. 9-h), number of early morning shifts, number of midnight shifts, and schedule preference. Over half of the sample in this study reported periods of severe fatigue or exhaustion and symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbance typically found among shift workers. Better health and sleep pattern index scores were reported by those who preferred rotating schedules and by those who did not work night shifts. (77052)
CIS 01-1251 Adaptation of a workplace. (Spanish: Adaptación de un puesto de trabajo) Sancho Figueroa T., Fidalgo Vega M., Pérez Bilbao J., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.4, p.12-18. Illus. (In Spanish) Internet: This article presents an ergonomic analysis of the workplace of a mentally handicapped worker. His main task is the printing of saw blades on a semi-automatic machine, and incidentally to clean the printing plate and stamp when he sees a defect and to clean the machine at the end of the day. The proposed changes are aimed at improving work posture as well as working conditions (lighting, fan, workbreaks). (77063)
CIS 01-1252 Research challenges arising from changes in worklife. Rantanen J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.473-483. Illus. 54 ref. (In English) Internet: Important challenges for occupational health research are set by the rapid changes in the world of work as a consequence of globalization, new technologies, demographic workforce changes, fragmentation of enterprises and work contracts, high time pressures, high demands for learning new skills, and growing worker mobility. The occupational health problems are of two types, the persistent and reemerging old problems of occupational injuries and diseases and new challenges from psychological stress, musculoskeletal disorders, cognitive ergonomics in information-intensive work, the work ability of ageing workers, and new trends in occupational allergies. The three roles of research, improvement of knowledge, improvement of understanding, and support of the development of work conditions in practice, all call for new strategies of health research which not only focus on prevention but also take into account the well-being of people at work, the proper functioning of the enterprise and the effective management of change. (76964)
CIS 01-1253 Increased acceptance of personal protective equipment (PPE) through ergonomic design. (German: BIA-Symposium Erhöhte Akzeptanz von Persönlichen Schutzausrüstungen (PSA) durch ergonomische Gestaltung) Christ E., ed., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, Feb. 1999. 188p. Illus., ISBN 3-88383-512-9 (In English, German) Internet: Collection of 17 papers presented at a symposium on the increased acceptance of personal protective equipment, held at Sankt Augustin, Germany, 6-7 Oct. 1997. Some of the papers are in German, the others in English. (77216)
CIS 01-1254 Human body measurements - Range of comfort of joint angles. (German: Körpermasse des Menschen - Komfortbereich der Gelenkwinkel der Körpergelenke) Babirat D., Küchmeister G., Nagel K., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1998. iv, 131p. Illus. 68 ref., ISBN 3-89701-228-6 (In German) Internet: Topics: anthropometry; comfort assessment; ergonomics; human experiments; motion study; posture recording; work posture. (77213)
CIS 01-1255 Work related musculoskeletal disorders in Europe. (Danish: Arbejdsbetinget besvær i kroppens muskler og led i Europa; Dutch: Beroepsgebonden aandoeningen van het bewegingsapparaat in Europa; Finnish: Työperäiset tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön sairaudet Euroopassa; French: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques d'origine professionnelle en Europe; German: Arbeitsbedingte Muskel- und Skeletterkrankungen in Europa; Greek: Muoskeletikes pathēseis pou sundeontai me tēn ergasia stēn Eurōpē; Italian: Patologie muscoloscheletriche legate all'attività lavorativa in Europa; Portuguese: Perturbações músculo-esqueléticas causadas pelo trabalho na Europa; Spanish: Trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral en Europa; Swedish: Arbetsrelaterade belastningskador i Europa) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2000. 2p. Illus. 10 ref. (In Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish) Internet: Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems in Europe, and in view of their cost to the economy, their prevention is becoming a priority. Each year, 30% of European workers, namely 44 million persons, complain of back pain. The causes of MSDs are often connected to work organization. The main risks are related to the physical stress factors (high loads, repetitive movements, vibrations, work rhythms), to repetitive work and to psychosocial factors. The groups at risk include manual workers, short-term workers, women (disorders of the upper extremities) and older workers. The estimated cost to the economy ranges from 0.5% to 2% of the GNP of European Union member states. Ergonomic improvements (modifications in the organization of work, changes in the workplace layout) would allow a significant reduction in the number of cases of MSDs (see also CIS 01-1256 and CIS 01-1257). This information note is available from the European Agency in all 11 official languages of the EU. (77106)
CIS 01-1256 Preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. (Danish: Forebyggelse af arbejdsbetinget besvær i kroppens muskler og led; Dutch: Preventie van beroepsgebonden aandoeningen aan het bewegingsapparaat; Finnish: Työperäisten tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauksien ehkäisy; French: Prévenir les troubles musculo-squelettiques d'origine professionnelle; German: Arbeitsbedingten Muskel- und Skeletterkrankungen vorbeugen; Greek: Prolēpsē tōn muoskeletikōn pathēseōn pou sundeontai me tēn ergasia; Italian: Prevenire le patologie muscoloscheletriche legate all'attività lavorativa; Polish: Zapobieganie chorobom układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego, związanym z pracą; Portuguese: Prevenir as perturbações músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho; Spanish: Prevención de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral; Swedish: Att förebygga arbetsrelaterade belastningsskador) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2000. 2p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish) Internet: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems in Europe (see CIS 01-1255 and CIS 01-1257); they affect millions of workers and cost billions of Euros. Their prevention is therefore a priority objective. For preventing MSDs, it is essential to identify the risk factors and to take concrete steps to avoid or reduce these risks. Particular attention needs to be given to the evaluation of these risks, the monitoring of workers' health and the avoidance of fatigue, as well as to training, information provision and awareness creation among workers on the ergonomic aspects of work organization. This information note presents the main European Directives concerning MSDs along with the key elements of the European approach for their prevention. It also includes examples of ergonomic solutions aimed at preventing risks linked to manual handling and other MSD risk factors. This information note is available from the European Agency in all 11 official languages of the EU. (77107)
CIS 01-1257 Work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. (Danish: Arbejdsbetinget besvær i nakke, skuldre og arme; Dutch: Beroepsgerelateerde aandoeningen aan nek, schouders en armen; Finnish: Työperäiset niskan ja yläraajojen tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön sairaudet; French: Troubles musculo-squelettiques du cou et des membres supérieurs d'origine professionnelle; German: Arbeitsbedingte Muskel- und Skeletterkrankungen im Bereich des Nackens und der oberen Gliedmaßen; Greek: Muoskeletikes pathēseis tou auhena kai tōn anō akrōn pou sundeontai me tēn ergasia; Italian: Disturbi muscoloscheletrici degli arti superiori e del collo legati all'attività lavorativa; Polish: Choroby układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego szyi i kończyn górnych, związane z pracą; Portuguese: Perturbações das cervicais e dos membros superiores relacionadas com o trabalho; Spanish: Trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral del cuello y las extremidades superiores; Swedish: Arbetsrelaterade belastningsskador i nacke, skuldror, armar och händer) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2000. 2p. Illus. 1 ref. (In Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish) Internet: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the neck and upper extremities affect millions of workers in Europe, in all sectors of activity (see also CIS 01-1255 and CIS 01-1256). This information note describes the main conclusions of a report published by the European Agency for the Safety and Health at Work. The sectors of activity most exposed to these risks include agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing and mining industries, building, distribution (wholesale and retail) and repair, as well as hotels and restaurants. In terms of occupations, manual labourers, machine operators, secretaries and manual handlers are most at risk. Scientific studies provide solid evidence in favour of the theory of biological causation of MSDs; in particular, they show a close causal relationship between work-related MSDs and the performance of certain tasks. This information note is available from the European Agency in all 11 official languages of the EU. (77108)
CIS 01-1258 Blood pressure and sympathetic activity in normotensive aviators during short-haul fixed-wings flights. Melhado V.E.R., Tavares A., Kohlmann O., Zanella M.T., Ribeiro A.B., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 2000, Vol.71, No.5, p.531-535. Illus. 24 ref. (In English) Internet: To evaluate the impact of in-flight stress on blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic activity during a short fixed-wing flight, 18 healthy and normotensive commercial captain aviators were studied during a 120-min flight period, divided into segments of pre-flight, take off, mid-cruise, approach and landing, and a 120-min control period. All subjects underwent BP monitoring, heart rate recording and urine collection for catecholamines. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) were higher during the flight, as a whole, when compared with the control period. During the flight period, SBP increased in the pre-flight, take-off, approach and landing segments, whereas DBP increased in the take-off, mid-cruise, approach and landing segments. Heart rate did not change in any flight segment. Urinary catecholamines increased during the flight period in comparison to control period. It is concluded that inflight stress increases BP of the normotensive aviators by sympathetic activation during short-haul flights. (77050)
CIS 01-1259 Corporate culture: The key to safety performance. Erickson J.A., Occupational Hazards, Apr. 2000, Vol.62, No.4, p.45-50. 5 ref. (In English) Internet: Safety performance is directly influenced by corporate culture. Safety professionals need to be aware of the company's philosophy or culture to build up a strong safety programme. Several organizational factors influence safety performance: participation in decision-making, importance given to safety in the organization, responsible attitudes towards safety, good communication, management support, employees' involvement, high morale and commitment to work. It is also important that a common safety language be used in the company. (77058)
CIS 01-1260 How to deal with stress in organizations? - A health perspective on theory and practice. Theorell T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.25, No.6, p.616-624. 41 ref. (In English) Internet: This review is focused on organizational aspects of stress reduction. Theoretical models are presented. The association with a few health outcomes (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and functional gastrointestinal illness) is examined. A few examples of the evaluation of health consequences of improved work organization are introduced. Concepts such as psychological demands, decision latitude, social support and effort-reward balance are discussed and related to practical reorganizational efforts. (76970)
CIS 01-1261 Importance of the psychosocial environment in epidemiologic studies. Marmot M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1999, Vol.25, Suppl.4, p.49-53. Illus. 38 ref. (In English) Internet: It has been common for the disease risks associated with particular occupations to be the starting point of occupational health studies. The research effort subsequently focuses on features of the work environment that may represent exposures for the particular disease. This paper takes a different approach, starting from the inverse social gradient in morbidity and mortality observed in all industrialized and non-industrialized countries. In Great Britain it has been usual for the socioeconomic classification to be based on occupation. This paper illustrates how attention to psychosocial factors in the workplace and outside have the potential to reduce the burden of ill health for working people and to diminish the social gradient in morbidity and mortality. (77005)
CIS 01-1262 Impact of a worker notification program: Assessment of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Tan-Wilhelm D., Witte K., Liu W.Y., Newman L.S., Janssen A., Ellison C., Yancey A., Sanderson W., Henneberger P.K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.37, No.2, p.205-213. Illus. 31 ref. (In English) Internet: This paper describes the development and evaluation of a worker notification programme at a beryllium machining plant. Self-protective attitudinal and behavioural responses among workers were compared in two plants: an intervention plant that received beryllium risk notification and a matched control plant that did not receive notification. Workers receiving notification reported significantly stronger perceptions of threat and efficacy, more positive attitudes toward safety practices and engaged in more protective behaviour than the workers at the control plant. This study demonstrates the utility of applying communication theories in the development of notification messages and the results suggest that mass presentations may be just as effective, if not more so, than one-on-one notifications. (77012)
CIS 01-1263 Worksite cardiovascular wellness programs as a route to substance abuse prevention. Heirich M., Sieck C.J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.42, No.1, p.47-56. 26 ref. (In English) Internet: This study addresses the question whether the inclusion of alcohol abuse prevention in worksite cardiovascular wellness programmes is an effective route to the prevention of alcohol abuse. The study population included 2,000 employees, recruited through cardiovascular disease health screening, who were randomly assigned to individual outreach or class interventions. After 3 years of intervention, rescreening results showed significant reductions in cardiovascular health risks and reduced alcohol consumption. As spill-over effects from counselling produced plant-wide improvements, it was not possible to determine if counselling had a better impact than classes. (77017)
CIS 01-1264 Evaluating stress within the organization. (French: L'évaluation du stress en entreprise) Jarzuel Y., Simonnet-Trucy C., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1999, Vol.39, No.3, p.307-311. Illus. 10 ref. (In French) Internet: A method for the subjective evaluation of stress, entitled "visual analogical scale" (VAS) is presented. It includes three levels of stress evaluation, "overall stress", "stress due to occupational factors" and "stress due to personal or family factors". The assessment is made simultaneously and independently by the occupational physician and the employee. Its validity and usefulness was tested on 277 subjects over a 6-month period. Agreement between the VAS ratings of the physicians and the employees was moderate at the individual level, but excellent at the company level, making it a useful tool for evaluating stress within organizations. (77098)
CIS 01-1265 Stress during work on with VDUs - Approaches for a system-oriented analysis of stress perceptions when working with computers. (German: Stress am Bildschirmarbeitsplatz - Ansätze zu einer systemorientierten Analyse des Stresserlebens bei der Arbeit mit dem Computer) Forsthofer R., Verlag Dr. Kovač, Postfach 50 08 47, 22708 Hamburg, Germany, 1995. iv, 200p. Illus. 177 ref., ISBN 3-86064-321-5 (In German) Internet: Topics: computers; CRT display terminals; ergonomics; mental workload; psychology and sociology; stress evaluation; stress factors; stress studies. (77173)
CIS 01-1266 Stress - Medical aspects. (Spanish: Estrés - Aspectos médicos) Martínez Plaza C.A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2001. 988p. Illus. Approx. 2000 ref. Price: EUR 36.06., ISBN 84-7425-574-0 (In Spanish) Internet: This manual consisting of 5 parts and 35 chapters provides an in-depth coverage of the medical aspects of stress. Part I describes stress, stress factors and situations which lead to stress. Part II is devoted to neurological and endocrinal structures, the limbic system, the central nervous system and the immune system, as well as their interactions with stress. Part III covers physiological responses to stress and the relationship between the nervous and immune systems. Part IV describes diseases caused by stress (cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, neurological, endocrinal and metabolical disorders, skin diseases, infection, inflammations, auto-immune diseases, rheumatism, urinary, sexual, menstrual and reproduction disorders, sleep disorders, alcoholism and mental disorders). Part V deals with various methods of stress evaluation therapy (psychological and pharmacological), as well as the effects of stress at the individual, family, social and occupational levels. (76990)
CIS 01-1267 Baseline measurements for the evaluation of the work-related stress campaign. Pilkington A., Mulholland R.E., Cowie H.A., Graham M.K., Hutchinson P.A., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2001. vi, 83p. 19 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1941-9 (In English) Internet: To evaluate employers' attitudes towards work-related stress and to establish whether they are taking action to reduce the risk of its occurrence, 1,600 organizations of all sizes across a range of industry sectors were interviewed by phone, using a structured computer-based questionnaire. One hundred follow-up interviews were conducted with organizations that had implemented programmes to address work-related stress. Almost 90% of the respondents agreed that stress could cause occupational diseases, and 80% felt that stress should be controlled in the same way as other occupational safety and health issues. Larger organizations are more likely to be taking active steps to reduce occupational stress. However, in most cases, there are no clear frameworks and the benefits and associated costs are not evaluated. (77112)
CIS 01-1268 Mental load and strain - Stress, mental fatigue, monotony mental exhaustion. (German: Psychische Belastung und Beanspruchung - Stress, psychische Ermüdung, Monotonie, psychische Sättigung) Richter G., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-46, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1997. viii, 92p. Illus. 88 ref., ISBN 3-89429-865-0 (In German) Internet: Topics: behaviour prediction; behaviour study; check lists; Germany; mental stress; monotonous work; nervous fatigue; neuropsychic stress; stress factors. (77172)
CIS 01-1269 An engineer's view of human error. Kletz T., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-171 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 2001. x, 281p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 45.00., ISBN 0-85295-430-1 (In English) Internet: Third edition of the manual previously analysed as CIS 92-2098. Human error as a cause of accidents is examined and accidents that have occurred, mainly in the chemical and oil industries, are described. The main thesis of the book is that engineers should concentrate on designing processes and machines which take into account the error-proneness of humans instead of trying to change their behaviour. Numerous examples of human error are given together with an analysis of the causes of the accidents and the preventive measures that should be taken to ensure that they do not happen again. In this third edition, more examples of accidents caused by the various types of human error have been added. Chapters on errors made by managers and designers have been extended and now include errors due to their ignorance of various options such as inherently safer design. The chapter on computer control has been expanded and an appendix on "Some myths of human error'" has been added. (77223)
CIS 01-1270 Leading to safety - Motivation in occupational safety and health. (German: Zur Sicherheit führen - Motivation im Arbeitsschutz) Burkardt F., Colin I., Universum Verlagsanstalt, GmbH KG, 65175 Wiesbaden, Germany, 1997. 145p. Illus. 48 ref., ISBN 3-923221-54-1 (In German) Internet: Topics: human behaviour; information of personnel; motivation; psychology of accident prevention; role of management; safety and health propaganda; supply of information; workplace design. (77219)
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