CIS 01-1 Notification of the Working Environment Act [Denmark]. (Danish: Bekendtgørelse af lov om arbejdsmiljø) Internet document. (In Danish)

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Notification of the updated version of the Act (last version abstracted: CIS 87-1141), in full conformity with Directives 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at work (CIS 94-1810) and 93/104/EC concerning certain aspects of the organization of working time (CIS 94-1807). The main sections of the Act are concerned with: safety and health activities in undertakings (safety organization; occupational health services); working environment councils for specific economic branches; general obligations; carrying out of work; workplace conditions; technical equipment in the workplace; substances and materials; rest periods and rest days; employees under 18 years of age; medical examinations; the Working Environment Council (Arbejdsmiljørådet); the National Labour Inspectorate (Arbejdstilsynet); the National Institute of Occupational Health (Arbejdsmiløinstituttet); appeals; penalties. (76026)

CIS 01-2 Working Conditions Act 1998 [Netherlands]. (Dutch: Wet van 18 maart 1999, houdende bepalingen ter verbetering van de arbeidsomstandigheden (Arbeidsomstandighedenwet 1998)) Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 18 Mar. 1999, No.184, 27p. English version with CIS (28p.) (In Dutch, English)

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http://www.arbo.nl/content/network/szw/docs/arbowet/workact98.pdf
http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/sessioned/browsercheck/continuation=00796-002/…
   …session=586389237327715/action=javascript-result/javascript=yes

This Law replaces the 1990 Law with the same name (see CIS 92-351). Contents: definitions and scope of application (extends to work in mineral exploration and mining on the Netherlands Continental Shelf, work carried out by students, work on board ships and airplanes registered in the Netherlands); obligation by employer to conduct a working conditions policy (including prevention of sexual harassment, aggression, violence; evaluation of risks; preventing and limiting serious accidents involving dangerous substances; information of public; notification of accidents and occupational illnesses etc.); co-operation between employer and employees (incl. special rights of the Works Council, the Personnel Delegation and the Expert Assistance Scheme); special obligations; supervision and official orders; exemptions, dispensation and appeals; sanctions. Several related Acts are amended. (76029)

CIS 01-3 Act No.45 of 21 May 1999 amending the Industrial Safety and Health Law [Japan]. (Japanese: Rōdō-anzen-eisei-hō) Kampō, 21 May 1999, No.95, p.5-7. (In Japanese)

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This law (effective date: 1 Apr. 2000) modifies the 1972 basic law on occupational safety and health (CIS 92-352). Concerning night work, it requires workers whose health might be harmed by night work to supply a medical certificate to this effect. When such a certificate is produced, the employer must ensure that the health of the worker is protected, by being transferred to another job if necessary. In connection with the presence of harmful substances, suppliers must provide documentation for the information of workers concerning the properties and hazards of these substances. (76223)

CIS 01-4 Royal Decree 1879/1996, of 2 Aug., regulating the composition of the National Commission of Occupational Safety and Health [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 1879/1996, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula la composición de la Comisión Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 9 Aug. 1996, No.192, 2p. (In Spanish)

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This decree establishes the composition of the National Commission of Occupational Safety and Health, drawn from various ministries of the central government, representatives of regional governments and of employers' and workers' organizations. It also provides instructions for the establishment of rules of internal functioning. (76215)

CIS 01-5 Royal Decree 309/2001, of 23 March, modifying Royal Decree 1879/1996 (of 2 Aug.), regulating the composition of the National Commission of Occupational Safety and Health [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 309/2001, de 23 de marzo, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1879/1996, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula la composición de la Comisión Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 5 Apr. 2001, Year 341, No.82, p.12823-12824. (In Spanish)

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This decree modifies the provisions of the 1996 Royal Decree 1879/1996 (see CIS 01-4) relating to the composition of the Spanish Commission of Occupational Safety and Health. (76216)

CIS 01-6 Mexican Official Standard on safety shoes [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana: Calzado de protección [México]) Diario Oficial de la Federación, 22 Jan. 1996, No.15, p.54-62. (In Spanish)

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This standard establishes the minimum technical requirements of safety shoes supplied to workers. Testing methods are specified. The characteristics of these shoes vary depending on the risks they protect against. This Standard was modified in 1999 (see CIS 01-7). (76224)

CIS 01-7 Agreement modifying the Mexican Official Standard NOM-113-STPS-1994 on safety shoes [Mexico]. (Spanish: Acuerdo que modifica la Norma Oficial Mexicana, Calzado de protección [México]) Diario Oficial de la Federación, 17 Nov. 1999, No.13, p.78. (In Spanish)

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This agreement modifies the Official Mexican Standard NOM-113-STPS-1994 on safety shoes (see CIS 01-6). It specifies the information that certification organizations must provide in their conformity documents. (76225)

CIS 01-8 Royal order of 7 Aug. 1995 concerning the use of personal protection equipment [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit van 7.8.1995 betreffende het gebruik van persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen; French: Arrêté royal du 7 août 1995 relatif à l'utilisation des équipements de protection individuelle [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 15 Sep. 1995, No.179, p.26295-26308. (In Dutch, French)

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This Order defines concepts and determines the requirements that personal protective equipment must satisfy. Employers must supply workers at no charge with equipment that is adapted to their professional activities and the risks they face. This Order was modified by the Royal Order of 11 Jan. 1999 (see CIS 01-9). (76228)

CIS 01-9 Royal Order of 11 Jan. 1999 modifying the Royal Order of 7 Aug. 1995 concerning the use of personal protection equipment [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit van 11.1.1999 tot wijziging van het koninklijk besluit van 7.8.1995 betreffende het gebruik van persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen; French: Arrêté royal du 11 janvier 1999 modifiant l'Arrêté royal du 7 août 1995 relatif à l'utilisation des équipements de protection individuelle [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 23 Feb. 1999, p.5282-5289. (In Dutch, French)

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This Order replaces Annex II of the Royal Order of 7 Aug. 1995 (see CIS 01-8). It concerns the activities and activity sectors where personal protective equipment must be supplied to workers. (76229)

CIS 01-10 Decree of 27.4.99 concerning the procedures for the recognition of occupational accidents and diseases, the monthly payment of certain benefits and the indicative level of disability benefit payments, as well as regarding the modification of the Social Security Code (Part 2) [France]. (French: Décret du 27.4.99 relatif [à la] reconnaissance du caractère professionnel des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, à la mensualisation de certaines rentes et au barème indicatif d'invalidité de ces maladies et modifiant le code de la sécurité sociale [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 29 Apr. 1999, No.100, p.6385. (In French)

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Topics: expertise; France; law; notification of accidents and diseases; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; workmen's compensation. (76023)

CIS 01-11 Decree No.97-950 of 15.10.1997 concerning the functioning of Regional Committees for the Recognition of Occupational Diseases and the modification of the Social Security Code [France]. (French: Décret n°97-950 du 15 oct. 1997 relatif au fonctionnement des comités régionaux de reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles et modifiant le code de la sécurité sociale [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 18 Oct. 1997, No.243, p.15147. (In French)

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This Decree deals with the confidentiality of the patient's medical records. Topics: compensation of occupational diseases; France; health service records; industrial physicians; law; medical confidentiality. (76030)

CIS 01-12 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 17 June 1997 concerning the periodicity of medical examinations in occupational medicine [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 17 juin 1997 concernant la périodicité des examens médicaux en matière de médecine du travail [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 7 July 1997, No.47, p.1564-1567. (In French)

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This regulation fixes the frequency of obligatory medical examinations for workers in function of the occupational risks they face. Topics: biological hazards; carcinogens; chemical hazards; dust; law; Luxembourg; medical supervision; periodic medical examinations; physical hazards. (76227)

CIS 01-13 Decree-Law No.446/99 implementing certain EU directives concerning the sale and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei: transpõe para a ordem jurídica interna [as directivas] relativas à aproximação das disposições legislativas ... dos estados membros respeitantes à limitação da colocação no mercado e da utilização de algumas substâncias e preparações perigosas) Diário da República, 3 Nov. 1999, No.256, Serie I-A, p.7474-7556. (In Portuguese)

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This Decree-Law implements in Portugal various European directives relating to the bringing to the market and the use of certain dangerous chemicals and preparations. These include: 97/56/EC (CIS 97-1779), modifying 76/769/EEC (CIS 92-22), and 97/64/EC adapting to technical progress Annex 1 of the same Directive. Carcinogenic and mutagenic substances and substances presenting a reproductive hazard are listed by name, with corresponding native Portuguese, EC and CAS numbers and hazard notes. (76021)

CIS 01-14 Pesticides Act, 1974 [Malaysia]. Government Gazette (Malaysia), 1974, Laws of Malaysia, No.18, p.7-64. (In English)

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Contents of this law: definitions; establishment of a Pesticides Board; control of importation and manufacture of pesticides by registration and permit; control of manufacture, sale and storage of pesticides by licensing; control of presence of pesticides in food; death and injury occasioned by pesticides; enforcement; analysis of samples; proceedings and general legal aspects. In annex: list of pesticides. (76027)

CIS 01-15 Cytostatic drugs and other medicines with permanent toxic effect [Sweden]. (Swedish: Cytostatika och andra läkemedel med bestående toxisk effekt) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1999. 38p. Illus., ISBN 91-7930-353-6 (In Swedish)

Internet:
http://www.av.se/regler/afs/1999_11.pdf

This directive is aimed in particular at health-care personnel exposed to toxic medicines in the workplace. It includes both general precautionary measures and measures to be taken in the case of potential exposure to particular cytostatic and otherwise toxic susbtances (incl. those causing sensitization). Extensive commentary. The 1984 Directive on Cytostatic Agents (see CIS 84-1632) is repealed. (76028)

CIS 01-16 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Carcinogens) Regulations, 2001 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 2001. 16p. Price: IEP 2.00. (In English)

Internet:
http://www.hsa.ie/files/file_20040618125656si78_2001.pdf
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI78Y2001.html

Regulations issued under the authority of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 (see CIS 90-1751), implementing in Ireland the provisions of Directive 90/394/EEC (CIS 90-1758), as amended subsequently. Contents: definitions; applicability to employers and the self-employed; general duties of employers; information to be made available to the National Authority for Occupational Safety and Health; actions in case of unforeseen and foreseeable exposure; general preventive measures; provision of personal protective equipment at no charge; information and training of employees; consultations; health surveillance; exposure records. Statutory Instrument No.80 of 1993 on the same subject is revoked. In schedules: list of potentially carcinogenic substances, preparations and processes referred to in the Regulations; limit values for occupational exposure for benzene, vinyl chloride monomer and wood dusts; list of preventive measures to be applied by employers; practical recommendations for health surveillance of potentially exposed workers. (76214)

CIS 01-17 Order of 8 June 1998 modifying the Order of 20 April 1994 relating to the notification, classification, packaging and labelling of substances [France]. (French: Arrêté du 8 juin 1998 modifiant l'Arrêté du 20 avril 1994 relatif à la déclaration, la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 3 July 1998, No.152, p.10157-10160. (In French)

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Order modifying the 1994 Order on the same subject (see CIS 95-17). It contains provisions concerning substances and preparations that irritate the respiratory tract, or that produce sensitization when inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It also prescribes the labelling of gas containers. (76222)

CIS 01-18 Act No.120-II of 31 Aug. 2000 on Radiation Protection [Uzbekistan]. (Russian: Zakon o radiacionnoj bezopasnosti) Üzbekiston Respublikasi Olij Mažlisining Ahborotnomasi - Vedomosti Olij Mažlisa Respubliki Uzbekistan, July-Aug. 2000, Vol.56, No.7-8, p.239-249. (In Russian)

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This law regulates protection against ionizing radiation in the workplace. Contents: radiation monitoring; control and registration of personal radiation doses; health protection in radiation zones; emergency measures in case of radiation accidents. (76211)

CIS 01-19 Law concerning radiation protection [Madagascar]. (French: Loi n°97-041 du 2 janv. 1998 relative à la protection contre les dangers des rayonnements ionisants et à la gestion des déchets radioactifs à Madagascar [Madagascar]; Malagasy: Lalàna laharana faha-97-041...amin' ny loza ateraky ny taratra mamorona iona sy ny fitantanana ny faika voavaikantaratra eto Madagasikara...) Journal officiel de la République de Madagascar, 12 Jan. 1998, No.2475, p.20-30. (In French, Malagasy)

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This Law defines basic concepts in radiation protection and prescribes protection measures against ionizing radiation. Rules are also provided for the safe management of radioactive waste. (76230)

CIS 01-20 Ordinance No.1512 of 20 Dec.1991 on protection against radiation [Finland]. (Swedish: Strålskyddsförordning) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 1991, No.1512, p.2949-2954. (In Swedish)

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This Ordinance was modified by Ordinance No.1143 dated 23 Dec. 1998 (CIS 01-21). Topics: conditions of exposure; Finland; ionizing radiation; law; medical supervision; permissible radiation doses; radiation protection. (76024)

CIS 01-21 Ordinance No.1143 of 23 Dec. 1998 modifying Ordinance No.1512 of 20 Dec.1991 on protection against radiation [Finland]. (Swedish: Förordning om ändring av strålskyddsförordningen) Finlands författningssamling - Suomen säädöskokoelma, 30 Dec. 1998, No.1143, p.3098-3102. (In Swedish)

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This Ordinance modifies Ordinance No.1512 of 1991 (CIS 01-20). The modifications concern limitations of exposure to ionizing radiation, controls on the conditions of such exposure and medical supervision. Particular measures concern air transport personnel and customs declarations. (76025)

CIS 01-22 Regulations of 26 Jan. 2001 concerning the protection of workers against the risks due to exposure to noise at work [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Pravilnik o varovanju delavcev pred tveganji zaradi izpostavljenosti hrupu pri delu) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 1 Feb. 2001, Vol.11, No.7, p.648-652. (In Slovenian)

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These regulations specify the obligations of employers related to the protection of the hearing of their employees when they are exposed to noise. They also prescribe regular medical examinations of such workers. (76212)

CIS 01-23 Basic standards of radiation protection - Requirements and health rules (NFRP) [Moldova]. (Romanian: Norme fundamentale de radioprotecţie. Cerinţe şi reguli igienice (NFRP-2000)) Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, 5 Apr. 2001, Vol.8, No.40-41, p.17-47. (In Romanian)

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Basic radiation protection standards, issued in conformity with standards and instruments of the IAEA, WHO and ILO, and in particular on the International basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources (CIS 96-1472). (76213)

CIS 01-24 Decree No.98-1185 of 24 Dec. 1998 modifying Decree No.75-306 of 28 Apr. 1975, as modified, respecting the protection of workers against the hazards of ionizing radiation in basic nuclear plants [France]. (French: Décret n°98-1185 du 24 déc. 1998 modifiant le Décret n°75-306 du 28 avril 1975 modifié relatif à la protection des travailleurs contre les dangers des rayonnements ionisants dans les installations nucléaires de base [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 26 Dec. 1998, No.299, p.19554-19555. (In French)

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This Decree modifies the 1975 decree on radiation protection (see CIS 75-1322). It determines the procedures for the calculation of collective exposure doses and the conditions for transmitting the results of these calculations. In addition, the conditions for the protection of outside workers in nuclear installations are also specified. (76221)

CIS 01-25 Ordinance of 15 Sep. 1998 on training and authorized activities related to radiation protection [Switzerland]. (French: Ordonnance du 15 sept. 1998 sur les formations et les activités autorisées en matière de radioprotection [Suisse]; German: Verordnung über die Ausbildungen und die erlaubten Tätigkeiten im Strahlenschutz) Amtliche Sammlung des Bundesrechts - Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 2 Feb. 1999, No.4, p.476-527. (In French, German)

Internet:
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/as/1999/476.pdf

http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/as/1999/476.pdf

This Ordinance (effective date: 15 Sep. 1999) applies to different categories of workers trained and authorized to work with ionizing radiation. They must possess recognized tehnical qualifications, verified by competent national authorities. In annex: activities in which radioprotection is necessary. (76226)

CIS 01-26 Ordinance of 25 Aug. 1999 concerning the protection of workers against the risks connected to microorganisms [Switzerland]. (French: Ordonnance du 25 août 1999 sur la protection des travailleurs contre les risques liés aux microorganismes (OPTM) [Suisse]; German: Verordnung vom 25. August 1999 über den Schutz der Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer vor Gefährdung durch Mikroorganismen (SAMV); Italian: Ordinanza del 25 agosto 1999 sulla protezione dei lavoratori dal pericolo derivante da microorganismi (OPLM)) Amtliche Sammlung des Bundesrechts - Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 23 Nov. 1999, No.46, p.2826-2835. + Annexe (16p.). (In French, German, Italian)

Internet:
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c832_321.html

http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c832_321.html

http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/8/832.321.it.pdf

Contents of this Ordinance (effective 1 Nov. 1999): definitions; classification of microorganisms; obligations of employers (hazard identification, risk evaluation, safety measures, information and training, medical surveillance, notification of use); obligations of workers. In annex: definition of the techniques of genetic modification; hazard evaluation techniques; safety measure techniques in case of microorganism utilization (with particular techniques listed for: research and development laboratories, locales and isolation chambers used for microorganism culture, units reserved for animals, microorganism production installations). (76022)

CIS 01-27 Biological agents. Changes of and additions to TRBA 310, the new TRBA 460 and 462 [Germany]. (German: Biologische Arbeitsstoffe. Änderungen und Ergänzungen der TRBA 310, die neue TRBA 460 und 462) Bundesarbeitsblatt, 1998, No.12, p.36-43. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

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The German administrative ordinance TRBA 310 on biological agents was extended by adding Escherichia coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticilloides, Adenovirus and Semliki-Forest Virus (SFV) to those pathogenic organisms exposure to which requires periodic medical examinations. A description of the pathogenic actions in the human body of the new entries is provided, as well as information on preventive and therapeutic measures. The new TRBA 460 and 462 which provide a classification of pathogenic fungi and viruses are presented. The classifications reflect the infection risk faced by healthy employees if exposed to these agents. (76151)

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CIS 01-28 Chromium trioxide. (French: Trioxyde de chrome) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 4p. Illus. 20 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1789. Acute toxicity: severe skin and eye burns; irritation and ulceration of mucous membranes. Chronic toxicity: lung cancer; chromosome changes; skin and nasal septum ulcers; renal damage (ingestion). Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA = 0.05mg/m³; ceiling value = 0.1mg/m³. EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.024-001-00-0; T, C O, N, R49, R8, R25, R35, R43, R5053, S53, S45, S60, S61, 215-607-8. (76001)

CIS 01-29 Styrene. (French: Styrène) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 4p. Illus. 14 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1818. Acute toxicity: disorders of the central nervous system; irritation of eye and respiratory mucous membrane. Chronic toxicity: depression of the central and peripheral nervous system; digestive disorders; chronic bronchitis and obstructive respiratory impairment; skin diseases (fissural dermatitis); chromosome changes; central nervous system abnormalities in children of exposed mothers. Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA = 215mg/m³ (50ppm). EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.601-026-00-0; Xn, R10, R20, R36/38, S23, 202-815-5. (76002)

CIS 01-30 Acetone. (French: Acétone) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 4p. Illus. 17 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1782. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes and upper airways; neurological effects. Chronic toxicity: digestive symptoms (haematemesis); neurological effects; dermatosis; potentialization of the toxic effects of ethanol and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA = 1800mg/m³ (750ppm). EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.606-64-1; F, R11, S9, S16, S23, S33, 200-662-2. (76003)

CIS 01-31 Hydrocyanic acid and aqueous solutions. (French: Cyanure d'hydrogène et solutions aqueuses) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 5p. Illus. 30 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1805. Acute toxicity: fulminant form; acute form (unconsciousness, coma, cyanosis, cardio-respiratory failure); light form (vertigo). Chronic toxicity: headache; asthenia; vertigo; digestive disorders; conjunctivitis. Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA = 2mg/m³ (2ppm); ceiling value = 10mg/m³ (10ppm). EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.006-006-00-X (anhydrous), No.006-006-01-7; T+, R26/27/28, S16, S36/37, S38, S45, 200-821-6. (76004)

CIS 01-32 Methanol. (French: Méthanol) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 5p. Illus. 27 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 90-752. Acute toxicity: depression of the central nervous system; irritation of the gastric tract; metabolic acidosis; visual function disorders (mydriasis, amblyopia, possibly leading to blindness); irritation of the respiratory tract; effects may be delayed. Chronic toxicity: visual function disorders; migraine; dermatosis. Exposure limits (France, 1985): TWA = 260mg/m³ (200ppm); ceiling value = 1300mg/m³ (1000ppm). EC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.603-001-00-X; F, T, R11, R23/25, S7, S16, S24, 200-659-6. (76005)

CIS 01-33 Diethyl oxide. (French: Oxyde de diéthyle) Brondeau M.T., Falcy M., Jargot D., Miraval S., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1999, No.177, p.149-153. Illus. 28 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft10.pdf

Diethyl ether (synomym: diethyl oxide) is an anaesthetic. Acute toxicity: irritation of the respiratory tract; narcosis; excitement or somnolence; vomiting; reduced pulse rate and body temperature; ingestion induces similar effects to state of intoxication similar to that when under the influence of alcohol. Chronic toxicity: gastro-intestinal disorders; headache; polypnoea. French exposure limits: 400ppm (1200mg/m³) (VME); 500ppm (1500mg/m³) (VLE). (76101)

CIS 01-34 Acrolein. (French: Acroléine) Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Pillière F., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1999, No.177, p.155-160. Illus. 23 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft57.pdf

Acrolein is used in a number of industrial chemical reactions. In non-EU countries it is also used as a biocide in production lines and industrial water. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, nose, skin and respiratory tract; dyspnoea; upper airways lesions. French exposure limit: 0.1ppm (0.25mg/m³) (VLE). (76102)

CIS 01-35 Phosgene. (French: Phosgène) Brondeau M.T., Falcy M., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 2000, No.179, p.109-113. Illus. 26 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft72.pdf

Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; vomiting; pulmonary oedema; hyperreactivity of upper airways; chemical burns. Chronic toxicity: in some cases, signs of emphysema. French exposure limit: 0.1ppm (0.4mg/m³) (VLE). (76103)

CIS 01-36 Coal tar pitch. (French: Brais de houille) Brondeau M.T., Falcy M., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 2000, No.179, p.115-119. Illus. 30 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft91.pdf

Acute toxicity: nausea; headache; state of intoxication similar to that under the influence of alcohol; impairment of consciousness; bronchial and skin irritation; blepharoconjunctivitis or keratitis punctata. Chronic toxicity: acneiform dermatitis; hyperkeratosis; occular lesions which may be aggravated by sun or UV rays; diarrhoea; respiratory disorders. Epidemiologic studies show evidence of carcinogenicity: skin cancer, in particular of the face and the scrotum; inhalation gives rise to lung, bladder and kidney cancer and cancer of the upper respiratory system. French exposure limit: 0.2mg/m³ (VME). (76104)

CIS 01-37 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. (French: 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Brondeau M.T., Miraval S., Pillière F., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 2000, No.179, p.121-124. 12 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft235.pdf

N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is mainly used as a monomer in the polymer industry for the production of pharmaceuticals, adhesives and cosmetics. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin; erythema. French exposure limit: 0.1ppm (VME). (76105)

CIS 01-38 Javel waters and extracts. (French: Eaux et extraits de Javel) Brondeau M.T., Falcy M., Jargot D., Miraval S., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 2000, No.178, p.115-119. Illus. 27 ref. (In French)

Internet:
http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft157.pdf

Javel waters and extracts are aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite. Toxic effects depend on the concentration of the solution used; usual dilutions cause little effects. Acute toxicity: ingestion of concentrated solutions causes irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract sometimes with vomiting of blood, which and can lead to necrosis, perforation and severe after-effects, shock, haemolysis, and possibly hypernatraemia; projections on skin and eyes may cause severe burns with possible ocular after-effects; mixture with acids liberates chlorine which may cause strong bronchial irritation and acute pulmonary oedema; mixture with ammonium hydroxide liberates chloramine which is also irritant for the respiratory tract. Chronic toxicity: nail lesions; dermatosis. (76106)

CIS 01-39 Turpentine. (French: Essence de térébenthine) Brondeau M.T., Jargot D., Pillière F., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O., Serre P., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 2000, No.178, p.109-113. Illus. 25 ref. (In French)

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http://www.inrs.fr/dossiers/fichtox/ft132.pdf

Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, nose and lungs; effects on central nervous system; direct skin contact may induce skin irritation; accidental ingestion may cause buccal and digestive tract irritation, central nervous system depression or convulsions; aspiration pneumopathy. Chronic toxicity: irritant dermatosis; allergic dermatitis; rhinitis. French exposure limit: 100ppm (560mg/m³) (VME). (76107)

CIS 01-40 N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. (Spanish: N,N'-Difenil-p-fenilendiamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1181. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure route: inhalation. Long-term exposure effects: prolonged or repeated contact may induce skin sensitization. (76006)

CIS 01-41 Magnesium diphosphide. (Spanish: Difosfuro de trimagnesio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0744. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; possible systemic effects (absorption of phosphine). Long-term exposure effects: chronic poisoning may cause toothache, swelling of the jaw, spontaneous fractures of bones and anaemia; effects are cumulative. (76007)

CIS 01-42 Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate. (Spanish: Diisocianato de 4,4'-metilendifenilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0298. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure route: inhalation. Short-term exposure effects: lacrymatory substance; irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; effects may be delayed. Long-term exposure effects: prolonged or repeated contact may induce skin sensitization. Threshold limit value: 0.005ppm (ACGIH 1998). (76008)

CIS 01-43 Dibutyltin dilaurate. (Spanish: Dilaurato de dibutilestaño) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1171. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure route: ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes. Long-term exposure effects: the substance may have effects on the liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. (76009)

CIS 01-44 Ethylene dimethacrylate. (Spanish: Dimetacrilato de etileno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1270. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and skin absorption. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: loss of fingernails; prolonged or repeated contact may induce skin sensitization. (76010)

CIS 01-45 Toxicological profile for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 1999. xviii, 231p. Illus. Approx. 340 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; overview of total petroleum hydrocarbons; analytical methods; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; health effects; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: disorders and possible damage to the central nervous system (light aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene); cancer (benzene); probable or possible carcinogenic effects (benzo(a)pyrene, gasoline). (76138)

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CIS 01-46 Safety signs. (French: Signaux de sécurité; German: Sicherheitszeichen; Italian: Segnali di sicurezza) Suva, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, June 2000 (update). 64p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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This brochure shows all the existing safety signs. Contents: prohibition signs (red), obligation signs (blue); warning signs (yellow); additional signs (work with toxic substances; radioprotection, laser); combined safety signs; information and instructions concerning occupational safety; hazard labels. (76189)

CIS 01-47 Safety at work. (Spanish: Seguridad en el trabajo) Bestratén Belloví M., Cuscó Vidal J.M., Piqué Ardanuy T., Pérez Guerrero A., Tamborero del Pino J.M., Turmo Sierra E., Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2nd ed., 1999. 336p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-536-8 (In Spanish)

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This manual contains basic knowledge for the reduction and the control of occupational accidents. Topics covered: accidents and occupational safety; costs of occupational accidents; statistical control of occupational accidents; accident investigation; risk assessment and safety adjustments; safety standards and signalling; workplaces; falls from heights; machines and hand tools; handling, storage and transport; electrical hazards; chemical products; fires, explosions and emergency planning; personal protective equipment. (76218)

CIS 01-48 Successful health and safety management. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. iv, 98p. Illus. 30 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1276-7 (In English)

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To effectively control risks and prevent harm to persons, organizations need to manage safety and health with the same degree of expertise and to the same standards as other core business activities This document is a practical guide for directors, managers, safety and health professionals and employee representatives who wish to improve safety and health within their organizations. Contents include: safety and health policies; organizing for safety and health; planning and implementing; measuring performance; auditing and reviewing performance. Replaces CIS 97-1473. (76100)

CIS 01-49 Need help on health and safety?. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2000. 11p. 1 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance for employers on the sources of safety and health information. It contains check lists aimed at helping employers decide whether they need assistance from external organizations, and if yes, on where to obtain this assistance. The roles of various safety and health specialists, including engineers, hygienists, occupational health professionals, ergonomists, radiation protection advisors, physiotherapists, microbiologists are described. A list of relevant organizations and professional bodies in the United Kingdom is included. (76165)

CIS 01-50 Health surveillance at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Oct. 1999. iv, 36p. Illus. 72 ref. Price: GBP 7.00., ISBN 0-7176-1705-X (In English)

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This guide is aimed at persons responsible for managing health risks at work. It describes the requirements for health surveillance under the current safety and health regulations of the United Kingdom, lists reasons why health surveillance is desirable, gives advice on facts to be considered when assessing the need to introduce a health surveillance programme, describes the principles of effective health surveillance programmes and provides advice on keeping proper records. A comprehensive bibliography is included. Replaces CIS 91-483. (76133)

CIS 01-51 Health and safety in engineering workshops. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Nov. 1999. vi, 118p. Illus. 193 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-1717-3 (In English)

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Manual aimed at people who manage and work in small engineering workshops that manufacture, maintain and repair plant, machinery and products. Contents: management of safety and health; five steps to risk assessment; manual handling and lifting; transport; equipment and environment (hazardous substances, electricity, air conditioning, pressurized systems); detailed machine safety (including computer controls, metalworking fluids, noise, vibration, cleaning and degreasing); welding and flamecutting; radiography; painting and spraying; personal protective equipment; offices; accidents, emergencies and first aid. (76204)

CIS 01-52 Health and safety on floating fish farm installations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Feb. 2000. 14p. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on the design, construction and safe use of floating fish farm installations, including fish pens or cages, walkways, gangways, vehicle ways, land access ways and shelters. Topics covered include: construction and maintenance of installations; guardrails and working surfaces; safety and rescue equipment; weather protective clothing; shelters; lighting; electrical hazards; radio communications; manual handling; lifting operations; facilities; first aid; health hazards; diving operations; training and supervision; sea conditions; navigation markers; boats; legislation applicable in the United Kingdom. Replaces CIS 97-1476. (76161)

CIS 01-53 Forestry work: It's for professionals. (French: Travaux en forêt: une affaire de pros!) Suva, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 3rd ed., Aug. 2000. 31p. Illus. 24 ref. (In French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners of private forests, persons occasionaly employed in forestry work, part-time workers, apprentices and professional forest workers. It outlines the hazards associated with forestry work and the cutting of firewood as well as the safety rules and measures to apply. Contents: work preparation (selection of tools and first aid equipment, protection of external persons); use of chain saws; log haulage, preparing and transporting firewood; use of brush-saws. (76190)

CIS 01-54 Effective purchasing procedures for equipment in the food and drink industries. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 11p. 5 ref. (In English)

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The food and drink industries have particularly high rates of reported injury and ill health compared with other industries. It is estimated that in 80% of the cases the hazards that led to the injury could have been avoided by the purchase of equipment suitable for intended use, in compliance with current standards, incorporating appropriate safeguards and checked for compliance with specifications on delivery. This booklet is aimed at equipment purchasers in the food and drink industries, as well as at manufacturers and suppliers of such equipment. Contents: effective purchasing procedures; European standards; hygienic design; second-hand or modified equipment; legal requirements in the United Kingdom; documentation; CE marking; check lists for protection against the main hazards and for safeguarding. (76166)

CIS 01-55 Checklist - Isolated workers. (French: Liste de contrôle - Travailleurs isolés; German: Checkliste - Allein arbeitende Personen; Italian: Lista di controllo - Persone tenute a lavorare da sole) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, no date. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The main hazards to which isolated workers are exposed include the increased risk of accidents resulting from mental, physical or psychic exhaustion, as well the absence of rapid medical help in the event of an accident. This document contains a list of questions in relation to the prevention of these hazards, aimed at facilitating the implementation of a safety action plan. (76096)

CIS 01-56 Promoting safe work for young workers - A community-based approach. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Nov. 1999. ix, 47p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This guide aimed at health professionals, educators, employers and parents is based on experiences of three NIOSH-funded community-based young worker projects to promote safety and health among teenagers who work. It outlines the steps taken in planning and carrying out these projects. (76219)

CIS 01-57 Decanting of a tank truck: Acids and caustic soda. (French: Dépotage d'un camion: acide et soude) AIX-Audio-Visuel, Chemin de la Blaque, 131000 Aix-en-Provence, France, no date. 25p. Illus. (+audio cassette et 74 slides). (In French)

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Training material for persons required to make presentations on the safety of tank truck decanting operations involving sulfuric acid or caustic soda, containing an audio cassette, 74 slides and corresponding scripts and notes. The sequence of events is described, from the arrival of the tank truck on the site until its departure: administrative formalities; preliminary precautions prior to the operation; decanting procedures; procedures in the event of an incident. Safety rules applicable to each step in the process are highlighted. (76110)

CIS 01-58 Managing asbestos in workplace buildings. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., Aug. 2000. 20p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on the management of asbestos in workplace buildings. The hazards of asbestos, people at risk and materials where asbestos may be found in buildings are outlined. Management of asbestos involves various steps: knowledge of the building (location of the asbestos, form of the asbestos, assessing its condition, type of asbestos); decision and action (leaving asbestos in place, repair or removal). Legal requirements for asbestos disposal are highlighted and the need to inform workers and contractors is emphasized. Replaces CIS 96-1435. (76185)

CIS 01-59 Chemical hazards. Government of India, Ministry of Labour, Directorate General Factory Advice Services & Labour Institutes, Central Labour institute Building, N.S. Mankikar Marg, Sion, Mumbai 400 022, India, [1999]. 24p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: chemical hazards; dangerous substances; ecotoxicology; India; ingestion; inhalation; personal protective equipment; skin absorption; solvents; spills; toxic effects; training manuals; ventilation. (76059)

CIS 01-60 Checklist - Working with solvents. (French: Liste de contrôle - Emploi de solvants; German: Checkliste - Umgang mit Lösemitteln; Italian: Lista di controllo - Manipolazione di solventi) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, no date. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The main hazards associated with the use of solvents are fires, explosions, poisoning and skin diseases (irritations or allergies). This document contains a list of questions in relation to the prevention of these hazards, aimed at facilitating the implementation of a safety and hygiene action plan. (76097)

CIS 01-61 Latex and you. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Apr. 2000. 11p. 5 ref. (In English)

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Natural latex rubber is commonly used in the manufacture of protective gloves in the health care field, since it provides good protection against infection while at the same time allowing sensitivity and control. There has been a steady increase in the number of reported cases of asthma and skin complaints attributed to natural latex rubber during the 1990s. Possible reasons include greater awareness of the problem and an increased use of natural latex rubber in protective gloves and other health care equipment. This booklet is aimed at health care workers who may be exposed to natural latex rubber in the course of their work, and stresses the importance of consulting a medical practitioner in the event of any symptoms of skin irritation or asthma. Responsibilities of employers under current United Kingdom legislation are also described. (76164)

CIS 01-62 Lead, you and your family. (French: Le plomb, vous et votre famille) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 1999. 8p. Illus., ISBN 2-7389-0791-1 (In French)

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This leaflet is aimed at workers handling or in contact with lead. It explains health effects due to lead and measures to be taken to prevent the contamination of the workers' families. Contents: intake routes (nose, mouth); health effects (haematological effects, effects on the nervous system, nephrotoxic effects); effects on reproduction and on children; uses of lead and possible exposures; rules for limiting exposure at the workplace (personal protective equipment, workplace cleaning, hygiene, medical examinations); preventing the contamination of the family. (76182)

CIS 01-63 Metalworking fluids and you. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2000. 8p. 8 ref. (In English)

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Metalworking fluids may cause skin irritation, eczema, irritation of hair roots, eye irritation, breathing difficulties and skin cancer. Aimed at persons exposed to metalworking fluids, this booklet contains information on the health hazards and preventive measures. Topics covered: legal requirements in the United Kingdom; responsibilities of employers; responsibilities of employees; medical surveillance; reporting of symptoms. (76167)

CIS 01-64 Working safely with coating powders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2000. 11p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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This brochure is aimed at workers involved in spray painting with coating powders. It contains information on the health issues (irritation of the lungs, eye and skin, allergic reactions) and recommends precautions to protect health (dust control, spraying method, correct use of equipment, use of respiratory protective equipment). A check list of employers' and employees' duties is included. (76183)

CIS 01-65 Take care with acetylene. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 2000. 11p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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Acetylene is highly flammable gas. It is also unstable, capable under certain conditions of explosive decomposition into carbon and hydrogen. These properties involve specific explosion hazards and require special precautionary measures. This booklet is aimed at persons using acetylene for welding and cutting. Contents: description of an acetylene cylinder explosion; hazards of acetylene cylinders; safe use of acetylene cylinders; preventing flashbacks; emergency actions in the event of a flashback. (76168)

CIS 01-66 Take care with oxygen - Fire and explosion hazards in the use of oxygen. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 1999. 14p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides information on fire and explosion hazards when oxygen is used. It is aimed at any person using oxygen gas in cylinders. Main hazards are described and guidance is given on the way of handling and replacing gas cylinder components. (76201)

CIS 01-67 Colour-coding of portable gas cylinders. (French: Codage couleur des bouteilles de gaz transportables) Mairesse M., Petit J.M., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2000. 4p. Illus. 8 ref. (In French)

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Colour-coding with standardized colours is used to provide information on the risk associated with the contents of gas cylinders, even though the label should always remain the prime source of information. The objective of this coding system is to help the task of employees and fire-fighting services in the event of an accident, and to avoid any confusion that could give rise to serious incidents or accidents. Colours allow the identification of the gases most commonly used in industry and indicate their main hazard categories (inert, flammable, oxidizing, toxic or corrosive). (76091)

CIS 01-68 Colour coding of rigid pipes. (French: Codage couleur des tuyauteries rigides) Mairesse M., Petit J.M., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2000. 4p. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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Colour-coding with standardized colours is used to provide information on the risk associated with the contents of rigid piping. The objective of this coding is to help the task of employees and fire-fighting services in the event of an accident, and to avoid any confusion that could give rise to serious incidents or accidents. Colours allow the identification of the fluids most commonly used in industry and indicate their main hazard categories (flammable, explosive, oxidizing, toxic, corrosive or irritant fluids). (76092)

CIS 01-69 The safe use of gas cylinders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. 12p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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This booklet gives guidance on how to reduce the risks when using gas cylinders. Among topics covered: ensuring integrity of the cylinders; filling; handling and use; lifting; storage; training of users. (76202)

CIS 01-70 Safe use of petrol in garages. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2000. 2p. Illus. (In English)

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This leaflet lists safety recommendations and acts to avoid when handling motor fuel in garages. It can also be displayed in the form of a poster on a safety notice board. (76162)

CIS 01-71 Health surveillance in noisy industries - Advice for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2000. 12p. 8 ref. (In English)

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United Kingdom legislation requires employers to provide health surveillance programmes for employees exposed to certain types of risk, including high noise levels. This booklet is aimed at employers. In broad terms, it describes health surveillance programmes appropriate for noisy industries, how to implement these programmes and how to use the information collected in the course of these programmes. Replaces CIS 95-2032. (76163)

CIS 01-72 Sound advice - Protect your ears in noisy environments. Berg S.Z., Safe Worker, Feb. 2000, Vol. 74, No.2, p.2-11, 14-15. Illus. (In English)

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This publication is in the form of a booklet containing several short articles on occupational exposure to noise. According to NIOSH, 30 million persons are exposed to hazardous noise at work in the United States, of whom 10 million suffer from permanent hearing loss. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to develop and implement noise monitoring programmes whenever any employee's exposure equals or exceeds an 8-hour average exposure of 85dB. Various hearing protection devices are described (foam plugs, pre-molded reusable plugs, canal caps, earmuffs, miscellaneous devices). Finally, answers to some frequently-asked questions on hearing protection are provided. (76170)

CIS 01-73 Passageways of palletized loads - Controlling the access of persons. (French: Passage des charges palettisées - Contrôle de l'accès de personnes) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2000. 4p. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

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Many automated production or warehousing facilities are equipped with incoming or outgoing conveyor systems for palletized loads, generally within an enclosure. These enclosures, whose purpose is to make the interior zones inaccessible, are provided with openings to allow the passage of the palletized loads. This safety data sheet proposes an approach to the design of these openings so as to take into account the safety of persons working in these facilities. (76094)

CIS 01-74 Parking large goods vehicles safely: Guidance for drivers on coupling and uncoupling large goods vehicles (LGVs). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2000. 6p. Illus. (In English)

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Truck drivers frequently get run over by moving vehicles or crushed between the vehicle and another object as a result of unsafe practices during coupling and uncoupling of trailers and semi-trailers. These accidents often occur when the trailer air lines are coupled and when the semi-trailer parking brake had not been applied. This booklet contains a checklist for safe coupling. (76169)

CIS 01-75 Workplace transport safety - Guidance for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., Aug. 2000. 52p. Illus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-0935-9 (In English)

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This guidance document is aimed at owners, employers and managers at workplaces where any form of transport is used. Main topics covered: risk management (risk assessment of workplace transport activities); organizing for safety (control, communication, cooperation and competence for the job); design of a safe workplace, vehicle safety and selection and training of drivers; examples of safe working practices. In appendixes: checklist for safety; legislation applicable to transport safety. Replaces CIS 95-1654. (76187)

CIS 01-76 Second-hand machinery and safety features. (French: Les machines d'occasion et composants de sécurité) Lupin H., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2000. 4p. Illus. (In French)

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In the absence of a European directive concerning second-hand machinery, this document provides guidance to buyers and sellers on the procedures to be followed and on technical requirements to be complied with when buying or selling machinery of French, other European or international origin. (76093)

CIS 01-77 Checklist - Screw log-splitters for splitting firewood. (French: Liste de contrôle - Fendeuses à vis pour fendre le bois de chauffage; German: Checkliste - Schraubenspaltmaschine für das Spalten von Brennholz; Italian: Lista di controllo - Macchine spaccalegna a vite per spaccare la legna da ardere) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, no date. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The main hazards linked to screw log-splitters are injuries resulting from the wrapping of clothing or gloves around the screw, as well as from the projection of pieces of wood. This document contains a list of questions in relation to the prevention of these hazards, aimed at facilitating the implementation of a safety action plan. (76095)

CIS 01-78 Checklist - Conventional lathes. (French: Liste de contrôle - Tours conventionnels; German: Checkliste - Konventionelle Drehmaschinen; Italian: Lista di controllo - Torni convenzionali) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, no date. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The main hazards from working with conventional lathes include projections of shavings, contact of fingers or hands with the rotating chuck and cuts to the fingers from contact with shavings. This document contains a list of questions in relation to the prevention of these hazards, aimed at facilitating the implementation of a safety action plan. (76098)

CIS 01-79 Checklist - Wedge log-splitters for splitting firewood. (French: Liste de contrôle - Fendeuses à coin pour fendre le bois de chauffage; German: Checkliste - Keilspaltmaschine für das Spalten von Brennholz; Italian: Lista di controllo - Macchine spaccalegna a cuneo per spaccare la legna da ardere) Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, no date. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The main hazards from working with wedge log-splitters include the sectioning of fingers or hands by the splitting wedge, the crushing or sectioning of fingers or hands by the scraper and injuries resulting from pieces of wood being ejected, falling or getting caught. This document contains a list of questions in relation to the prevention of these hazards, aimed at facilitating the implementation of a safety action plan. (76099)

CIS 01-80 Handling and stacking bales in agriculture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., July 2000. 15p. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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This brochure gives practical advice to all those involved in the handling and stacking of baled fodder or straw. It details most of the common causes of bale accidents and gives advice on how to avoid them. Contents: bale loading and unloading equipment; loading trailers; transport of bales; stacking and destacking bales; different types of stacks (square, rectangular, round, high-density bales); inspection of stacks; other hazards (children's safety, health risks due to manual handling). Replaces CIS 93-187. (76184)

CIS 01-81 Fall protection for boilermaker work. (French: Protection contre les chutes durant les travaux de chaudronnerie) Construction Health and Safety Program, Ministry of Labour, Ontario, Canada, Dec. 1994. 32p. Illus. (In English, French)

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This guidance document is aimed at helping contractors and construction workers in the boilermaker sector reduce fall hazards. Main topics covered: fall protection procedures and equipment (fall protection systems, access structures, fall arrest systems, vertical and horizontal lifelines); tank construction; duct installation; stack construction and repair (ladders, scaffold platforms, suspended platforms). Appendix: description of fall protection systems. (76188)

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CIS 01-82 Nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States. Part II - Back injuries. Mittal A., Pennathur A., Kansal A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.2, p.131-150. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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This paper on nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States focuses on injuries to the back. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics are used to examine statistics of injury to different regions of the back including the spine and spinal column, the lumbar region and multiple back regions. Such injuries are categorized according to: numbers and incidence rates; major industrial classifications; different types of events or exposures such as contact with objects, slip and fall accidents, etc.; different types of injuries such as sprains and strains, fractures, bruises, etc.; different occupations; age of the injured; ethnic origin of the injured; sex of the injured; length of service of the injured with the employer; and number of lost workdays. (Parts I and III, see CIS 01-88 and CIS 01-83.) (76122)

CIS 01-83 Nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States. Part III - Injuries to the upper extremities. Mittal A., Pennathur A., Kansal A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.2, p.151-169. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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This paper on nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States focuses on injuries to the upper extremities. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics were used to examine statistics of injury to different regions of the upper extremities including the arms, the fingers and the wrists. Such injuries are categorized according to: numbers and incidence rates; major industrial classifications; different types of events or exposures such as contact with objects, slip and fall accidents, etc.; different types of injuries such as sprains and strains, fractures, bruises, etc.; occupation; age of the injured; ethnic origin of the injured; sex of the injured; length of service of the injured with the employer; and number of lost workdays. (Parts I and II, see CIS 01-88 and CIS 01-82.) (76123)

CIS 01-84 Basic trends of improving the system of control of plant safety of enterprises with the example of Rjazan NPZ. (Russian: Osnovnye napravlenija soveršenstvovanija sistemy upravlenija promyšlennoj bezopasnost'ju predprijatij na primere Rjazanskogo NPZ) Šatalov A.A., Lugovskoj A.I., Karabanov Ju.F., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, July 1999, No.7, p.6-10. Illus. (In Russian)

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The article describes the experience acquired during three years of intense plant safety efforts in the Rjazan oil refinery in Russia. Technical inspections aiming at determining the residual lifetime of equipment for safe operation were multiplied, and performed systematically and rigorously. All events of disregard of safety instructions are followed up by briefings and re-examinations. Technical training of all staff was performed in a systematic and thorough way and its success confirmed by tests. Strong emphasis is placed on personal responsibility. Planned preventive maintenance and renewal of equipment are performed. Many additional signalling and measuring points were set up. Despite the plant's age, the safety and downtime records were significantly improved. (76264)

CIS 01-85 Algorithm for accident research and prevention. (Russian: Algoritm rassledovanija i profilaktiki nesčastnyh slučaev) Škrigun O.V., Škrigun V.L., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Sep. 1999, No.9, p.43-47. Illus. (In Russian)

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This article applies logical principles to the investigation of accident causes. A large potential for injury reduction exists through proper accident analysis. The situation leading to an accident is described in terms of a chain of events interacting in different ways. Concepts such as the transfer of energy or signals, feedback, and an understanding of the accident as a "parasystem" with paraguidance and paracontrol are illustrated by analysing a specific accident and ensuring at best the prevention of its repeated occurrence. (76268)

CIS 01-86 Computer-assisted definition of tasks for occupational risk prevention at I.N.S.E.R.M. (French: Acquisition assistée de tâches pour la prévention des risques professionnels à l'I.N.S.E.R.M.) Lery L., Martin J.M., Dartois E., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Mar. 1999, Vol.60, No.1, p.18-28. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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This article describes a computer system for the definition of tasks (SAT). This system is the first part of a method for occupational risk prevention. Using SAT, workers select themselves the tasks they execute, starting from task menus displayed on a microcomputer. For each selected task, the worker indicates the associated type of risk, the estimated intensity of exposure, and its estimated duration and frequency. Whenever possible, the worker's actual wording is retained. The use of this software package is made possible at I.N.S.E.R.M. because of the existence of a database of activities of engineers, technicians and administrative personnel. A large corpus of tasks (1,256 entries to date) has been built from this database. These tasks are executed by 5000 workers employed by I.N.S.E.R.M. The use of this software package by other public or private companies is discussed. A method is described for constructing such task corpuses. (76046)

CIS 01-87 Figures on risks. (French: Risques en chiffres) Lepage M., Brett Y.B., Face au risque, Jan. 1999, No.349, p.7-21. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: accident absenteeism; cost of accidents; explosions; fatalities; fire services; fire; France; injuries; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; statistical trends; statistics. (76050)

CIS 01-88 Nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States. Part I - Overall trends and data summaries. Mittal A., Pennathur A., Kansal A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.2, p.109-129. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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The objective of this study was to extract information from the databases of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Safety Council and present it in usable form to ergonomics researchers and practitioners. Occupational injuries showed a slightly decreasing trend between 1980 and 1991, although earlier rates may have been underestimated. The overall incidence rates for all private industry increased substantially in 1994 compared to 1984, but decreased in comparison to the rates in 1992 and 1993. In 1994, the manufacturing industry had the highest incidence rates followed by the construction industry. The total cost of occupational injuries continued to increase between 1972 and 1994. The large increment in total cost from 1991 to 1992 indicates a change in injury reporting and recording practices. The total cost of occupational injuries in 1996 was slightly more than USD 120 billion. Lost time due to work injuries has continued to increase in the 1990s. More than 122 million workdays were lost due to work injuries in 1996 alone. The back was the most affected body part in work injuries. (Parts II and III, see CIS 01-82 and CIS 01-83.) (76121)

CIS 01-89 They're falling. Karr A., Safety and Health, Jan. 2000, Vol.161, No.1, p.30-35. Illus. (In English)

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Injury and illness rates declined substantially from 1992 to 1997 in the U.S. There are several theories as to the reasons for this drop: employers realize that increasing safety at the workplace lowers the workers' compensation costs; violations of safety standards are found out by OSHA inspections; changes in the nature of work lead to less hazardous workplaces in many industries; underreporting by employers to avoid inspections or by employees due to incentive programmes may also be a cause. It has been established that the incidence of injury decreases with age but the injury severity and the incidence of fatal occupational injuries increase with age. (76193)

CIS 01-90 The 1999 National Safety Survey. Minter S.G., Occupational Hazards, Dec. 1999, Vol.61, No.12, p.27-30. Illus. (In English)

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This article summarizes the results of a survey of occupational safety and health professionals in the United States. Issues addressed included: the relationship between companies' efforts to improve profitability and the level of support for safety and health; existence within organizations of behavioural safety programmes; salaries of safety and health professionals; safety values within organizations; assessment of the role of the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) in providing leadership, setting standards and inspecting workplaces. (76032)

CIS 01-91 Occupational health and safety indicators. Lehtinen S., ed., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1999, Vol.9, No.3, p.58-79 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Special issue of the journal devoted to occupational health and safety indicators, with particular emphasis on Africa. Articles address: indicators of death, disease and disability at work; inter-regional consultation on the ILO SafeWork programme; occupational health and safety indicators in Kenya; occupational health and safety in the flower industry in Tanzania; cotton fabric dust exposures in a garment factory in Losotho (see CIS 01-130); learning from accidents as a basis for better safety; post-traumatic fibromyalgia. (76033)

CIS 01-92 Education of undergraduate engineers in risk concepts: Scoping study. Lee J.F., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. 32p. (In English)

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Report of a study commissioned by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of the United Kingdom on the education of engineering graduates in concepts of risk assessment and risk control. The main conclusions are that the educational material provided and the method of teaching must encourage students to think creatively and not simply to rely on following standards and rules. The provision of appropriate educational material by the HSE is also seen as essential. (76248)

CIS 01-93 Risk ranking for small and medium enterprises. Floyd P.J., Footitt A.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. viii, 59p. 6 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1733-5 (In English)

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The objective of this study was to develop a simple system of risk assessment and prioritization for SMEs. The methodology is divided into six steps: identification of hazards; likeliness of occurrence of each identified hazard; injuries and illnesses that might result should each hazard occur; determination of the number of people likely to be affected by the hazard; evaluation of the risks; ranking the risks. The method was refined after field tests in three workplaces. (76287)

CIS 01-94 Occupational safety and ergonomics. (Polish: Bezpieczeństwo pracy i ergonomia) Koradecka D., ed., Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland, 1997. Vol.1+2 (xi, p.1-639 + xi, p.644-1265). Illus. Bibl.ref. Author index. Price: PLZ 150.00., ISBN 83-901740-6-5 (In Polish)

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Topics: adaptation of man to work; body mechanics; chemical hazards; chemical safety; conditions of work; design of equipment; economic aspects; epidemiology; ergonomics; first aid; hazard evaluation; hygiene and productivity; information processing and retrieval; labour-management relations; legal aspects; legislation; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; occupational hygiene; occupational medicine; occupational physiology; occupational safety; personal protective equipment; physical hazards; Poland; role of management; safety and health training; safety by design; stress evaluation; threshold of visual perception; visual fatigue; workplaces. (76060)

CIS 01-95 Year Book of Labour Statistics 1999 - Chapter 8: Occupational injuries. (French: Annuaire des statistiques du travail 1999 - Chapitre 8: Lésions professionnelles; Spanish: Anuario de estadísticas del trabajo 1999 - Capítulo 8: Lesiones profesionales) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, 58th ed., 1999. p.1086-1209 (whole book: 1353p.)., ISBN 92-2-011651-0 (In English, French, Spanish)

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Statistical tables covering ILO member countries and aggregate data for the period of 1989-1998. Contents include: total number of persons injured (fatally or having lost workdays) and number of workdays lost; rates of fatal injuries, further broken down by 10 divisions of economic activity (agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, water; construction; trade, restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, communication; finance, insurance; community, social and personal services; other activities); total number of days lost by economic activity. (76210)

CIS 01-96 Annual report and accounts 1998/99. Health and Safety Laboratory, Health and Safety Laboratory, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1999. 44p. Illus. (In English)

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Annual report of the Health and Safety Laboratory, an agency of the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive. Contents include the achievements with respect to objectives, the financial reports and examples of research projects undertaken by the laboratory in areas including testing of respirators, testing of storage spheres, measurement of neural tissue in slaughterhouses, assessment and control of risks from chemical warehouse fires, visualization of exposure and the diagnosis of vibration white finger among ex-miners. (76137)

CIS 01-97 Occupational safety and health laws in the United States, Mexico and Canada - An overview. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA, no date. viii, 85p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This report reviews salient features of U.S., Mexican and Canadian occupational safety and health legislation. Main topics covered for each country: legal framework; standards development; the way compliance is ensured (violations, inspections, penalties); information and notification systems; organizations responsible for training; workers' compensation. (76195)

CIS 01-98 Occupational safety and health - Current situation and prospects for the future. (French: Sécurité et santé au travail - Etat actuel et perspectives d'avenir) Laraqui C.H., Mounassif M., eds., Société marocaine d'hygiène et sécurité au travail, Laboratoire public d'essais et études, Rue d'Azilal 25, Casablanca, Morocco, 1998. 187p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 9981-9547-9-9 (In French)

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Topics: agricultural operations; conference; craft and related trades workers; developing countries; handicapped workers; health care personnel; iron and steel industry; manufacture of textile goods; Morocco; occupational medicine; occupational safety and health; plant safety and health organization; waste disposal. (76070)

CIS 01-99 Promotion of health in small and medium enterprises. Concepts and experiences. (German: Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung in Klein- und Mittelbetrieben) Bush R., ed., Freie Universität Berlin, Referat Weiterbildung, Rüdesheimer Str. 1, 14197 Berlin, Germany, 1998. 217p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 20.30., ISBN 3-932454-06-5 (In German)

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Subjects covered at this symposium held in Berlin (Germany), 12 Jan. 1998: accident absenteeism in small and medium enterprises; organization and conditions of safety and health and role of the industrial physician in small and medium enterprises; practical examples of safety and health promotion in the small enterprises of the bakery products, woodworking, construction, jewellery manufacturing, hotel and health care industries. (76157)

CIS 01-100 Contributions to the history of occupational and environmental prevention. Grieco A., Iavicoli S., Berlinguer G., eds., Elsevier Science B.V, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1999. xii, 424p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-444-50255-6 (In English)

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Proceedings of the 1st international conference on the history of occupational and environmental prevention held in Rome, Italy, 4-6 October 1998. Main topics covered: pioneers in occupational and environmental health; historical perspectives of policy, ethics and regulations; ecological aspects; occupational hazards and diseases; institutions and movements contributing to the development of prevention. (76199)

CIS 01-101 The economic viewpoint in occupational safety and health supervision. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Sales Services, P.O. Box 536, Tampere, Finland, 1999. 16p. Illus., ISBN 952-00-0742-3 (In English)

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The most important objective of OSH inspections is to achieve permanent positive changes in working conditions. The discussion of the economic impact of improvements is also a means to speed up the development of working conditions. This booklet aimed at OSH inspectors explains how to apply economic thinking when conducting their evaluations. (76203)

CIS 01-102 Managing health and safety on work experience - A guide for organisers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. iv, 40p. 21 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-1742-4 (In English)

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This guidance is aimed at organisers of work experience to ensure the students' safety and health during the placement. It describes responsibilities of each party (educational institutions, organisers, enterprises, students, parents) as well as the responsibility of the organiser towards the enterprises (risk assessment of the proposed placement, defining the type of work, checks) and towards the students (information, visits, follow-up). (76206)

CIS 01-103 Avoiding danger from underground services. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. iv, 48p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1744-0 (In English)

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This guidance updates the previous edition (see CIS 90-1934). Topics covered: dangers arising from work near underground services (electricity and telecommunications, gas pipes, water pipes and sewers and other pipelines); planning of the work; use of cable and pipe locating devices, safe digging and filling practices; safe use of trenchless methods. (76208)

CIS 01-104 Simplified autoevaluation of the enterprise's "health" and quality level according to the EFQM audit model (I). (Spanish: Nivel de "salud" y calidad de la empresa: autoevaluación simplificada según el modelo EFQM (I)) Salido Tercero M.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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This information note describes a simplified system for the total quality management autoevaluation of a company based on the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model, mostly taking into account criteria for working conditions and quality of occupational life (see also CIS 01-105 and CIS 01-106). (76256)

CIS 01-105 Simplified autoevaluation of an enterprise's "health" and quality level according to EFQM's audit model (II). (Spanish: Nivel de "salud" y calidad de la empresa: autoevaluación simplificada según el modelo EFQM (II)) Salido Tercero M.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 3p. (In Spanish)

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This information note describes a simplified system for the total quality management autoevaluation of a company based on the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model taking into account the indicators of results such as criteria of customer satisfaction, worker satisfaction, social impact and financial results (see also CIS 01-104 and CIS 01-106). (76257)

CIS 01-106 "Health" and quality level of an enterprise: Self-evaluation questionnaire (III). (Spanish: Nivel de "salud" y calidad de la empresa: cuestionario de autoevaluación (III)) Salido Tercero M.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 3p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note presents a questionnaire for a simplified autoevaluation of total quality management of a company based on the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model (see also CIS 01-104 and CIS 01-105). (76258)

CIS 01-107 1st International conference on occupational risk prevention - February 23rd, 24th and 25th, 2000, Tenerife (Canary Isles), Spain. Mondelo P., Mattila M., Karwowski W., eds., http://wwww.PrevencionIntegral.com, Barcelona, Spain, 2000. CD-ROM for Pentium PC. Price: ESP 5000.00; EUR 30.05., ISBN 84-699-1242-9 (In English)

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CD-ROM of the proceedings of the international conference on computer-aided ergonomics and safety held in Tenerife, Spain, on 23-25 February 2000. Main topics covered: anthropometric measurements; occupational safety in large and small construction enterprises; ergonomic approach to management models of Total Quality Management (TQM); strategies of hazard prevention based human resources management; prevention management in decentralized companies. (76000)

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CIS 01-108 Evaluation of nasal lavage as a possible tool in occupational medicine for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. (French: Evaluation du lavage nasal comme outil possible pour le dépistage de pathologies inflammatoires du système respiratoire en médecine du travail) Vancraeynest D., Lardot C., Huaux F., Lison D., Médecine du travail & Ergonomie / Arbeidsgezondheitszorg & Ergonomie, 1998, Vol.35, No.4, p.169-182. Illus. 42 ref. (In French)

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Occupational exposure to laboratory animals can cause an inflammatory reaction of the respiratory tract. The present study assessed the value of nasal lavage (NAL) to detect an early inflammatory reaction. NAL was performed in 10 volunteers from a research laboratory; five of them had been repeatedly exposed to laboratory animals and five others had not. Except for one subject who did not participate in the last examination, all subjects were lavaged on four different occasions over a period of 3 months. Analysis of NAL fluid included cellular parameters and inflammatory mediators. Before each lavage the main factors that may have influenced nasal inflammation were recorded. Cellular parameters showed large inter- and intra-individual variability and were barely contributive. Inflammatory mediators were more influenced by smoking and upper airway diseases than by exposure to laboratory animals. The heterogeneity of the studied population, which is comparable to what is commonly encountered in occupational settings, together with the variability of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract render the interpretation of the results difficult. It is concluded that NAL cannot be recommended for the periodical examination of workers potentially exposed to irritants and/or sensitising agents. (76016)

CIS 01-109 Health protection management in the construction industry - An example. (German: Gesundheitsschutz-Management in der Bauwirtschaft - Ein Beispiel) Tannenhauer J., Sicherheitsingenieur, Jan. 1999, Vol.30, No.1, p.12-16. Illus. (In German)

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The article informs of the strategy, as well as of the results of a project to make a construction firm in the state of Saxony (Germany) a "Model Shop" in terms of health protection. The project was performed with the help of the Institute of Occupational Safety and Health in Saxony. Based on the experience gathered, the measures implemented in the project were successful - especially as to cost reduction and lower sickness absenteeism rates. (76172)

CIS 01-110 Associations of body mass index and percentage body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis with cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese male office workers. Nakanishi N., Nakamura K., Suzuki K., Matsuo Y., Tatara K., Industrial Health, July 2000, Vol.38, No.3, p.273-279. 36 ref. (In English)

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The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)) with cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides (TG)) were examined in 1,217 male office workers in Japan. Significant correlates were, in the order of relative importance: age, BMI, and alcohol intake for SBP and DBP; age, BMI, and alcohol intake for LDL-C; BMI, alcohol, and cigarette smoking for HDL-C; BMI, alcohol intake, age and cigarette smoking for LDL-C/HDL-C ratio; and BMI, age, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake for Log TG. Associations were also found between %BF by BIA and each risk factor but the results suggest that BMI may better reflect blood pressure or serum lipid profile. (75995)

CIS 01-111 Survey of occupational health in French prisons. (French: La surveillance de la santé au travail en milieu carcéral) Allery J.P., Telmon N., Lefebvre V., Rougé D., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Oct. 1998, Vol.59, No.6, p.401-404. (In French)

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The French prison administration is increasingly developing work in prisons in an attempt to improve the eventual social integration of prisoners. The type of health care proposed to prisoners is oriented to the prevention and treatment of infectious and psychiatric diseases. Because of the prisoners' particular legal status, normal workers' rights do not apply to them and their diseases cannot be easily attributed to working conditions. The main objectives of this article were to define the legal status of prisoners, their medical rights and to propose a more appropriate medical follow-up for those considered as workers. (76043)

CIS 01-112 Additional medical examinations in occupational medicine. (French: Les examens complémentaires médicaux en médecine du travail) Loiret P., Arnaud G., Chevalier M., Metois-Bourriquen A.M., Ait-Ali B., Allais J., Bernadou A.M., Bouet R., Chantecaille M, Clement-Pastureau M.L., Combes L., Coulombier G., Cuvillier M., Demange M.E., Dumartin C., Guionnet B., Mouchikhine J., O'Byrne C., Parpeix V., Saint-Paul D., Soubeiran R., Triquet A., Turpault D., Vallée P., Médecine et travail, Dec. 1998, Vol.4, No.178, p.24-52. (In French)

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Second part of CIS 99-479. Topics: bursitis; case study; computer terminals; economic aspects; ethics; France; health hazards; industrial physicians; legislation; medical confidentiality; medical examinations; medical supervision; occupational diseases; shift work; special examinations and tests. (76020)

CIS 01-113 Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in military and civilian flying personnel. Kalff K.G., Maya-Pelzer P., Andexser A., Deuber H.J., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.70, No.12, p.1223-1226. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Metabolic syndrome (MS) affects 20-30% of the middle-aged population in industrialized countries. It consists of a cluster of diseases including obesity, hypertension, dyslipoproteinaemia and glucose intolerance. The objective of the study was to determine the risk of developing MS in pilots, with possible consequences for aeromedical screening. Data on approximately 10,000 military and civilian pilots were obtained. It was possible to identify a group of military pilots with a higher risk of developing MS later on in life. This group was called "possible future metabolics" (PFM). Comparison of PFMs with the military pilot control group (MCG) and civilian pilots clearly showed that obesity, dyslipoproteinaemia and hypertension are the main single and/or combined risk factors. Data on military pilots showed a possible connection between thyroid dysfunction and the prevalence of MS risk factors. (76037)

CIS 01-114 Ventilatory rate during work - Development and validation of indirect evaluation methods based on pulse rate and job observation. (French: Débit ventilatoire de travail - Elaboration et validation de méthodes indirectes d'évaluation au moyen de la fréquence cardiaque et de l'observation de l'activité) Horwat F., Meyer J.P., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.76, p.343-350. Illus. 23 ref. (In French)

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Topics: description of technique; intensity of work; ISO; job study; measurement of work and effort; oxygen intake; pulse rate; statistical evaluation; ventilatory capacity. (76056)

CIS 01-115 A guide to the assessment of traumatic injuries and occupational diseases for workmen's compensation. Siang L.H., De S.D., Hoong P.W., Eng H.K.L., Workmen's Compensation Department, Ministry of Manpower, 18 Havelock Road, Singapore 059764, Singapore, 4th ed., 1999. 67p. Illus. Price: SGD 13.80., ISBN 981-04-0821-8 (In English)

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This manual provides guidance for occupational physicians responsible for the assessment of the degree of incapacity due to the temporary or permanent loss of body parts or functions, or to occupational diseases, and explains how to calculate the degree of incapacity for the purposes of compensation in accordance with the Singapore Workmen's Compensation Act. Contents include: definitions of temporary and permanent incapacity; explanations on how to use the guide; assessment of the upper limb, lower limb, spine, respiratory function, renal function, hepatic function and hearing. Replaces CIS 90-1239. (76140)

CIS 01-116 In-plant first aid: Organization. (Spanish: Primeros auxilios en la empresa: organización) Solé Gómez M.D., Moliné Marco J.L., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; first-aid attendants; first-aid equipment; first-aid organization; first-aid training; Spain. (76233)

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CIS 01-117 Incident trends for a hazardous waste cleanup company. Akbar-Khanzadeh F., Rejent G.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.666-672. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Incident trends in a relatively large hazardous waste cleanup company were evaluated. The data provided 1848 incident reports with 87% involving injury/illness cases. Over 75% of injury/illness incidents were due to mechanical agents, 10% occurred because of chemical exposure, 5% involved poisonous plants and insect bites, 2% resulted from temperature extremes, 1% were from cumulative injuries/illnesses, and in 7% the agent was not recorded. Almost 31% of injuries were related to the upper extremities, with the fingers most often injured, followed by the hands. Lower back strain cases constituted 11% of injuries, ankle/foot/toe cases 9%, and knee cases 5%. Recovery technicians had the highest frequency of injury/illness incidents (52%), followed by supervisors (15%) and heavy machinery operators (10%). It was concluded that hands-on experience in the field and improvements in the health and safety programme of the company - including expanding its focus to include construction safety-reduced the incidents considerably. Introduction of new regulations has also contributed to this trend. (76117)

CIS 01-118 Clinically-important FEV₁ declines among coal miners: An exploration of previously unrecognized determinants. Wang M.L., Pestonk E.L., Beekman L.A., Wagner G.R., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.56, No.12, p.837-844. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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The relation between occupational exposure to dust and loss of ventilatory lung function is well established. However, other exposures may also be important. This study was performed in 264 underground coal miners whose lung function had been followed up for an average of 11 years. They were asked by questionnaire about their occupational and non-occupational exposures, smoking, personal and family medical history, and living conditions during childhood. Several variables of the mining environment were found to be associated with excess decline in FEV₁, including work in roof bolting, exposure to explosive blasting, and to water sprayed for dust control. Other factors included smoking, body mass, weight gain, childhood pneumonia, and childhood exposure in the home to passive tobacco smoke and smoke from wood and coal fuels. These additional risk factors may be useful in developing approaches to the prevention of chronic respiratory disease. (76040)

CIS 01-119 Situation of injuries in the enterprises of the coal industry. (Russian: Sostojanie travmatizma na predprijatijah ugol'noj promyšlennosti) Pavlov A.F., Čigrin V.D., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, June 1999, No.6, p.2-5. Illus. (In Russian)

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The article describes the situation with respect to accidents in Russian coal mines. During the industrial restructuring of the late 1980's ("perestroyka"), a distinct improvement was seen. Since then, both fatal and nonfatal accidents have either increased, or not decreased in proportion to falling outputs of the industry and to the decommissioning of outdated plants. The accident record for 1997 was particularly poor, and in 1998 two severe methane explosions occurred in the Vorkuta mines. Strikes, decreasing discipline and decreasing competence are cited as reasons. In addition to investing in technological improvements, including dust venting equipment, it will be necessary to enhance discipline and quality control, clarify responsibilities at work and compile plant safety documentation. (76261)

CIS 01-120 Geographic variations in crash risk of general aviation and air taxis. Kearney P.J., Li G., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.71, No.1, p.19-21. 9 ref. (In English)

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Data regarding general aviation and air taxi crashes in the United States during 1992-94 were analysed and crash risk was calculated for each state and region. During the 3-year period, the calculated United States crash rate was 8.9 crashes per 100,000 flight hours. Alaska and the Northwest Mountain region had the highest crash and fatal crash rates. This is the first study to report on geographical differences in rates determined as crashes per 100,000 pilot hours. It shows that crash rates and fatal crashes are highest in mountainous regions. (76191)

CIS 01-121 Arc welding: Safety standards. (Spanish: Soldadura eléctrica al arco: normas de seguridad) Tamborero del Pino J.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 8p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note describes the technical characteristics of arc welding. The main risk factors (electrical hazards, ultraviolet and visible light radiation, inhalation of welding fumes with the risk of phosgene intoxication), as well as protection and prevention systems are described. The safety standards for workplace organization, personal protection equipment, equipment maintenance and inspection are also discussed. (76254)

CIS 01-122 Oxyacetylene welding and flame cutting: Safety standards. (Spanish: Soldadura oxiacetilénica y oxicorte: normas de seguridad) Tamborero del Pino J.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 7p. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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The technical characteristics of oxyacetylene welding and flame cutting are presented in this information note. The main risk factors include fires and explosions, ultraviolet and visible light radiation, inhalation of welding fumes. The safety standards for welding operations, workplace organization, storage and handling, and personal protection equipment are also discussed. (76255)

CIS 01-123 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994: The role of the client. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Feb. 2000. 3p. 9 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet provides guidance on the client's duties under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-1372). Advice is given on: projects to which the Regulations apply; appointing an agent to carry out the client's duties; appointment of a planning supervisor and a principal contractor; provision of information; making arrangements for designers or contractors to carry out work; preparation of a health and safety plan and a health and safety file; relevant legislation. (76284)

CIS 01-124 The main health and safety law applicable to catering. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Feb. 2000. 4p. 29 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet provides advice to employers, employees, self-employed persons, suppliers and landlords involved in the catering industry in the United Kingdom. Contents: general duties and responsibilities, regulations affecting staff, safety in the premises, safety of equipment, safety of electrical and gas systems, and procedures for hazardous activities. (76271)

CIS 01-125 An index of health and safety guidance in the catering industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. 4p. 80 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet provides a list of guidance material on safety and health in the catering industry in the United Kingdom under the following headings: management of health and safety; principal risks (slips, manual handling and upper limb disorders, dermatitis, exposure to hazardous substances, machinery, transport, electricity, noise). The document does not cover fire safety, and hygiene is included only where it overlaps with safety and health. (Replaces CIS 97-860). (76272)

CIS 01-126 Health and safety training pays in the catering industry: Guidance for owners and managers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. 4p. 14 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet gives practical advice on how employers can meet their legal obligations to provide information and training on health and safety. It defines who should be trained, and when, and the main topics to be covered by the training: slips, trips and falls; contact with hot surfaces; being struck by an object; handling of knives; handling heavy loads; safe use of equipment; safe procedures; accident reporting. Replaces CIS 95-2117. (76281)

CIS 01-127 Risk prevention in the laboratory. Devices for activation and protection in emergency situations. (Spanish: Prevención del riesgo en el laboratorio: elementos de actuación y protección en casos de emergencia) Gadea Carrera E., Guardino Solá X., Rosell Farrás M.G., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note describes the requirements for laboratory emergency equipment: emergency showers, eye rinse basins in the event of projections of chemical products, fire blankets, portable fire extinguishers, neutralizing agents in case of spills, emergency ventilation systems. For it to be efficient, the equipment has to be in perfect condition and its location clearly signalled. In addition, personnel has to be informed about the available equipment and trained to use it properly. (76260)

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CIS 01-128 Commentary on the law on telework [Germany]. (German: Kommentar zum Heimarbeitsgesetz) Rudolph W.D., Computer Fachwissen für Betriebs- und Personalräte, Dec. 1998, Vol.7, No.12, p.32. Illus. 1 ref. (In German)

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Topics: comment on law; Germany; legislation; maternity leave; remuneration; telecommuting; terms of employment. (76175)

CIS 01-129 Y2K - The millennium problem and welfare at the workplace. (Dutch: Y2K - Het millenniumprobleem en welzijn op het werk; French: Y2K - Le problème du millénaire et le bien-être au travail) Boon C., Van der Steen M., PREVENT, Institut pour la prévention, la protection et le bien-être au travail, 88 rue Gachard, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 24p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 2-87112-054-4 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-52-4 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: automatic alarms; automatic control; automation; Belgium; check lists; computers; control panels and desks; data processing; data sheet; electronic equipment; emergency exits; fail safety; goods lifts; hazard evaluation; passenger lifts; robots. (76068)

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CIS 01-130 Cotton fabric dust exposures in a garment factory in Lesotho: Quantitative assessment. Jonathan P., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1999, Vol.9, No.3, p.71-73. 14 ref. (In English)

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This cross-sectional survey of the levels of exposure to respirable cotton fabric dust in the cutting and sewing sections of a garment factory was carried out in Maseru, Lesotho. Measures to control dust at source are nonexistent and general ventilation in the production areas is poor. The study found that dust levels in the cutting section, at 1.8mg/m³, were significantly higher than the exposure limit of 0.75mg/m³ recommended by NlOSH and the corresponding OSHA exposure limit of 0.5mg/m³. In the sewing section, the geometric mean dust level was higher than 0.5mg/m³ but less than 0.75mg/m³. The study concludes that control measures should be taken to protect workers against the inhalation of fabric dust particles, which is likely to be detrimental to their health. (76034)

CIS 01-131 Laboratory performance comparison of respirable samplers. Chen C.C., Lai C.Y., Shih T.S., Hwang J.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.601-611. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Three respirable samplers were tested for aerosol penetration as a function of aerosol size, in order to examine their precision and accuracy with respect to the newly defined International Respirable Convention. An ultrasonic atomizing nozzle was used to generate micrometre-sized liquid dioctylphthalate or solid potassium sodium tartrate aerosol particles, with median count diameters of 3µm or 8µm, and geometric standard deviation of 1.6, depending on the properties of the solution to be nebulized. The results showed that a newly developed foam sampler meets the requirements of the 50% cutoff size as well as of the distribution curve recommended by the new convention. Analysis of mean square error (MSE) showed that the foam sampler performed better than the cyclone samplers when the challenge aerosol was liquid. For solid particles larger than 6µm, the foam samplers apparently experienced significant particle bounce-off and became less precise and less accurate when compared with the cyclones. (76111)

CIS 01-132 Airborne contaminant exposure control in a partitioned work environment by exhaust ventilation systems. Kee-Chiang C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1998, Vol.59, No.5, p.346-352. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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The evaluation of contaminant removal effectiveness can play a key role in a working environment quality investigation and in remediation efforts. In this study a computer simulation technique was developed for assessing the efficiency of contaminant removal within a partitioned working environment. To determine the effect of the physical parameters of each partitioned space on contaminant removal effectiveness, a relative contaminant concentration unit was used to show the simulation results. In addition, tracer gas techniques were adopted to validate the accuracy of the prediction model. A comparison of measured CO₂ concentrations in a controlled environment chamber with the results of a simulation model is presented. This study investigated the partition configuration of work environment and environment parameters including openings operation, constant concentration and exhaust air volume mode. Results indicated that variations of these three parameters can produce great differences in overall ventilation performance. Through this type of study, the interaction of airflow and contaminant concentration between partitioned spaces can be understood in advance and adequate knowledge can be provided to maintain a high-quality and healthy environment for workers. (76179)

CIS 01-133 The effects of dioxin on reproduction and development. Yonemoto J., Industrial Health, July 2000, Vol.38, No.3, p.259-268. Illus. 79 ref. (In English)

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Review article. The developmental effects of dioxin are important because of the high sensitivity of mammals to the substance as well as the irreversibility and longevity of the effects. In animal experiments, exposure to dioxin during pregnancy and lactation induces various functional effects on offspring at very low doses. In humans, even if there is no exposure to dioxin after birth, there might be effects on thyroid function in infants exposed to dioxin from breast milk. In this report, low-dose developmental effects of dioxins on offspring in animal experiments, as well as in human studies, are reviewed. Dosimetry, dose-response models and approaches to health risk assessment are discussed. (75994)

CIS 01-134 Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic. Apostoli P., Bartoli D., Alessio L., Buchet J.P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.56, No.12, p.825-832. Illus. 66 ref. (In English)

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The study was undertaken to assess biological indicators for monitoring occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), taking into account the possible confounding role of arsenicals present in food and drinking water. 51 glass workers exposed to arsenic (As) trioxide, a control group of 39 subjects not exposed and eight volunteers who drank water containing 45µg/L iAs for a week were monitored for total arsenic in air and urine samples, and for urinary As³, As⁵, monomethyl arsonic acid, dimethyl arsinic acid, and arsenobetaine. The best correlations between As in air and its urinary species were found for total iAs and As³+As⁵. It is proposed that urinary As³+As⁵ be used as an indicator for monitoring the exposure to iAs. For the current environmental limit for iAs of 10µg/m³, the limit for urinary As³+As⁵ was calculated to be around 5µg/L. Trivalent arsenic is the most active species and its measured concentration in urine could be the best predictor of some critical effects of the element, such as cancer. (76038)

CIS 01-135 Occupational allergic diseases caused by polyfunctional aziridines: A case report. (French: Allergies professionnelles liées aux aziridines polyfonctionnelles - Revue de la littérature, à propos d'un cas) Tumerelle E., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Mar. 1999, Vol.60, No.1, p.36-41. 14 ref. (In French)

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Polyfunctional aziridines (PFA) are a new class of occupational allergens, causing rare conditions. A case of occupational dermatosis induced by a PFA hardener of an acrylic resin used as glue in a textile screen-printing firm is reported. Skin tests were unable to identify the responsible allergen positively. PFAs are likely to provoke allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma and even a combination of both. One case of urticaria with a positive prick test has been reported. The responsible allergens are the PFAs themselves, and in some cases, the polyfunctional acrylates used in their production and other hardening constituents. There remains a degree of uncertainty about the immunological or irritative nature of these affections. Because of the growing use of water-based acrylics, polyurethanes and polyvinyl acetates requiring the use of PFA hardeners, users must be rigorously protected. PFA-induced eczema, rhinitis and asthma should also be added to the list of occupational diseases in France. (76048)

CIS 01-136 Secondary lead contamination - Epidemiological study of children of occupationally-exposed employees. (French: Contamination secondaire au plomb - Etude épidémiologique sur des enfants de salariés professionnellement exposés) Laforest L., Annino M.C., Alluard A., Van den Wiele F., Precausta D., Albouy J., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3th Quarter 1998, No.75, p.251-257. Illus. 15 ref. (In French)

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Topics: atmospheric pollution; battery and dry cell manufacture; lead; children; determination in blood; dosimetry; epidemiologic study; industrial physicians; lead industry; long-term exposure; medical supervision; parental exposure; permissible levels; statistical evaluation; threshold limit values. (76052)

CIS 01-137 Secondary lead contamination - Evaluation of the preventive measures undertaken by occupational medicine services. (French: Contamination secondaire au plomb - Evaluation des mesures de prévention menées par les services de médecine du travail) Laforest L., Annino M.C., Alluard A., Van den Wiele F., Precausta D., Albouy J., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3th Quarter 1998, No.75, p.259-263. Illus. 1 ref. (In French)

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Topics: battery and dry cell manufacture; lead; children; determination in blood; dosimetry; evaluation of control measures; hospitals; industrial physicians; lead industry; lead poisoning; long-term exposure; medical supervision; occupational medicine; parental exposure; permissible levels; threshold limit values. (76053)

CIS 01-138 Results of the "SUMER 94" survey - Occupational exposure to carcinogens. (French: Résultats de l'enquête "SUMER 94" - L'exposition aux produits cancérogènes dans le travail) Heran-Leroy O., Sandret N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3th Quarter 1998, No.75, p.265-272. (In French)

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Topics: carcinogens; butadiene; asbestos; benzene; beryllium; cadmium; silica; acrylamide; exposure evaluation; France; industrial physicians; job-exposure relation; legislation; length of exposure; mineral oils; survey; wood dust. (76054)

CIS 01-139 The safety data sheet: An essential document for the prevention of chemical hazards. (French: La fiche de données de sécurité - Un document essentiel pour la prévention du risque chimique) Pillière F., Reynier M., Triolet J., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.76, p.331-342. 25 ref. (In French)

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Topics: chemical products; chemical reactions; composition; dangerous substances; data sheet; ecotoxicology; fire fighting; first aid; France; hazard identification; labelling; legal aspects; personal protective equipment; spills; storage; thermochemical properties; toxicology; transport of materials; waste disposal. (76055)

CIS 01-140 Scientists examine diesel in industry. (French: Les scientifiques auscultent le diesel dans l'industrie) Larané A., Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1998, No.579, p.16-22. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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Topics: atmospheric pollution; automobiles; chemical analysis; civil engineering; determination in air; determination of pH value; diesel engines; earthmoving equipment; fork-lift trucks; lung cancer; organic dust; outdoor communication ways; respirable dust; trucks; tunnelling. (76065)

CIS 01-141 An analysis of criteria for biological limit values developed in Germany and in the United States. Morgan M.S., Schaller K.H., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.195-204. 14 ref. (In English)

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The biological tolerance values established by the German Research Foundation and the biological exposure indices developed by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists represent two extensive lists of occupational exposure guidelines for use in biological monitoring. Although there is substantial agreement between the two organizations on most points, there are several important differences in the approaches taken in the setting of guideline values. Analysis of these distinctions serves to focus attention on the current issues impeding international agreement over occupational exposure guidelines. Among these issues are (1) the specification of the biological monitoring guidelines as ceiling or average values, (2) whether carcinogenic substances should be treated differently from agents with other toxic outcomes, (3) the method of accounting for variability among individual workers, and (4) the extent to which these guidelines should be extended to include genetic markers, indicators of susceptibility, or indicators of early biological response. (76071)

CIS 01-142 Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in urine by gas chromatography thermal energy analysis: Application in workers exposed to aqueous metalworking fluids. Ducos P., Gaudin R., Francin J.M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.215-222. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to describe a detailed and validated methodology designed for the analysis of carcinogenic N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) down to sub-µg/L levels in urine and its application to a number of workers exposed to NDELA-contaminated aqueous metalworking fluids (MWF). The detailed methodology described in this work and applied to a limited industrial situation was found to be suitable for monitoring NDELA in the urine of workers exposed to aqueous MWF. A much larger screening has been undertaken with the aim of obtaining better information on the real exposure of workers sometimes exposed to "nitrile-formulated" fluids that are still used. (76073)

CIS 01-143 Biological monitoring of workers exposed to 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-orthochloroaniline) (MOCA). Robert A., Ducos P., Francin J.M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.223-237. Illus. 70 ref. (In English)

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The objectives of the study were to investigate and to validate a new and simple method to determine MOCA in the urine of exposed workers, to identify the best urinary marker of exposure to MOCA and to study its applicability in exposure evaluation in polyurethane resin production plants. Urinary MOCA markers were measured in urine samples collected at the end of the workshifts. Forty workers from four factories were observed for three consecutive days in the same week. "Free" MOCA in non-acid- stabilized urines, "total" MOCA in urines after alkaline hydrolyses, "acid-labile" MOCA in sulfamic or citric acid-protected urines were measured in all urine samples. MOCA liberated by heating the non-acid-stabilized urines ("heat-labile" MOCA) was also measured in 17 urine samples of exposed workers. MOCA measured in sulfamic acid-protected urine samples without hydrolyses provides a more practical and reliable biomarker than "total" MOCA (after hydrolysis) or "free" MOCA. A biological guiding value of 20µg/L expressed as "sulfamic acid-labile" MOCA is proposed. (76074)

CIS 01-144 Uncertainties in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models caused by several input parameters. Jang J.Y., Droz P.O., Chung H.K., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.247-254. 73 ref. (In English)

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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) models often use different input parameters, with unknown influence on the results. Differences in the simulation results obtained with various sets of parameters are examined. Chemicals considered were perchloroethylene, toluene and styrene. Metabolic parameters such as V_max and K_m and tissue-gas partition coefficients, especially for the fat compartment, varied considerably between authors. Such differences proved to have a large influence on PB-PK model results. Uncertainties were much more significant in urinary metabolite concentration than in alveolar and blood concentration for chemicals that are poorly metabolized. On the other hand, uncertainties were more significant in alveolar and blood concentrations than in urinary metabolite excretions for chemicals that are well metabolized. Careful attention is necessary in the selection and/or citation of values from published data. The validity of PB-PK models should be simultaneously confirmed with both the blood and/or alveolar concentration and urinary metabolite concentrations. (76075)

CIS 01-145 Reference values and human biological monitoring values for environmental toxins - Report on the work and recommendations of the Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency. Ewers U., Krause C., Schulz C., Wilhelm M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.255-260. 23 ref. (In English)

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The working principles and working procedures of the Commission on Human Biological Monitoring in Germany are described. One of its main tasks is to develop scientifically based criteria for the application of human biological monitoring and for the evaluation of human monitoring data in environmental medicine. Two kinds of criteria are recommended: reference values and human biological monitoring values (HBM values). Reference values are intended to indicate the upper margin of the current background exposure of the general population to a given environmental toxin at a given time. HBM values are derived from human toxicology and epidemiology studies and are intended to be used as a basis for a health-related evaluation of human biological monitoring data. At present, reference and HBM values are available for lead in blood, for cadmium and mercury in blood and urine, and for pentachlorophenol in plasma/serum and urine. Reference values have been established for some polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and plasma as well as for hexachlorocyclohexane and hexacholorobenzene in blood as well as for some organochlorines in human milk. (76076)

CIS 01-146 Biomonitoring action levels in Finland. Kiilunen M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.261-267. 26 ref. (In English)

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In Finland, biomonitoring action levels (BAL) have been set since the 1970s. There are different ways of setting these BALs. The value for blood lead is based on legislation. Exposure limits have been set on the basis of the indicative values for carbon disulfide, ethylene, benzene, toluene and phenol. The number of BALs set by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) has increased year by year, and there are now BAL values for more than 36 different chemicals or chemical groups. The Institute annually publishes a booklet with the latest information about the biomonitoring tests, sample collection and limit values. The booklet is also available in English as a web version (http://www.occuphealth.fi/tt/bio/guide346.htm). (76077)

CIS 01-147 Issues concerning the measurement of borate in occupational environments. Smith R.A., Ascherl F.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.651-658. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Borates are susceptible to weight change due to uptake or loss of water and this hydration instability can lead to gravimetric and interpretation errors in occupational hygiene field sampling of dust. The hydration stability for inhalable borate dust particles (mean diameter 7-22µm) was characterized over a range of ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions simulating field sampling. Borax 10 mol, a fully hydrated borate, has a relatively high vapour pressure to water that led to rapid dehydration with significant weight change. Low hydrate borates, Neobor® borax 5 mol, anhydrous boric acid and anhydrous borax were found to hydrate rapidly with an increase in weight. In contrast, boric acid and borax 5 mol were found to be stable to dehydration under all conditions. Because the specific borate species or borate compounds collected in a 37-mm dust sampler cannot be accurately identified, occupational exposure values should be revised to reflect exposure to boron and exposure values for these borates should be the same based on equivalent boron content. (76116)

CIS 01-148 Worker exposures to particulates, endotoxins, and bioaerosols in two refuse-derived fuel plants. Mahar S., Reynolds S.J., Thorne P.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.679-683. 22 ref. (In English)

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Exposures of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production workers to total particulates, endotoxins and total bioaerosols were evaluated at two RDF production plants. Full-shift personal air monitoring for 35 workers was conducted for total particulates, analysed by gravimetric analysis; endotoxins, analysed by chromogenic endpoint assay; and total bioaerosols, analysed by fluorescent microscopy (FM). Geometric mean values of personal air samples were 0.50mg/m³ for total dust, 29.0EU/mL (2.9ng/m³) for endotoxins, and 6.8 x 101 organisms/mL for bioaerosols. Significant differences were observed between the two plants only for total endotoxin exposures. Interjob differences were found for exposures to total dust, total endotoxin and FM bioaerosols. Individual comparisons for total particulates and endotoxin exposures were significant for comparisons between job categories as a result of the greater exposures for personnel cleaning the plants. Significant correlations were detected between total particulates and total endotoxin measurements and between inhalable and total particulates. (76119)

CIS 01-149 Field validation of passive monitors for the determination of employee exposures to methylene chloride in pharmaceutical production facilities. Charron K.A., Puskar M.A., Levine S.P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1998, Vol.59, No.5, p.353-358. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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A series of field evaluations was performed to estimate the overall uncertainty of three passive monitors to determine methylene chloride (MeCl₂) concentrations. Area samples were exposed in a pharmaceutical production facility at five MeCl₂ air concentrations for both permissible exposure limit (PEL) and short-term exposure limit (STEL) periods. A specially designed evaluation chamber was used to concurrently expose six of each type of passive monitor while concurrently collecting six active samples from locations surrounding the dosimeter array. The actual MeCl₂ concentrations for the PEL sampling periods ranged from 0.9 to 63ppm. The pooled overall uncertainty results for all the passive monitors evaluated under PEL sampling conditions met the NIOSH accuracy recommendations. Pooled overall uncertainty for PEL evaluations for the three monitors were 17%, 13%, and 17%. Actual MeCl₂ concentrations for the STEL sampling periods ranged from 14 to 357ppm. Pooled overall uncertainty results for two monitors evaluated under STEL sampling conditions met the NIOSH accuracy recommendations; however, one passive monitor was slightly greater than the NIOSH recommendation. Pooled overall uncertainty for STEL evaluations for the three monitors were 541±18%; ±16%; and ±27%. (76180)

CIS 01-150 Implementation of the provisions of the Seveso II directive - Conditions for exemptions. (Hungarian: A Seveso II direktíva előírásainak végrehajtása: A felmentés feltételei) Scheuring I., Munkavédelem és Biztonságtechnika, 2000, Vol.12, No.1, p.15-17. 9 ref. (In Hungarian)

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This article outlines the requirements imposed on industry by the Seveso II directive (see CIS 99-2016), in terms of listing of harmful chemicals, and their storage and classification. It also provides information on conditions for requesting exemptions from the provisions of the directive, in particular by listing the contents of the standard form to be used in the application for exemption. (76186)

CIS 01-151 Sensitizing potential of chlorothalonil in the guinea pig and the mouse. Boman A., Montelius J., Rissanen R.L., Lidén C., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 2000, Vol.43, No.5, p.273-279. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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Chlorothalonil is extensively used for the protection of horticultural and fruit crops against fungal infections. It is also used in wood preservation and as a preservative in paints. Clinical experience has shown chlorothalonil to be a contact allergen and several cases of allergic contact dermatitis attributed to chlorothalonil have been described. Two previous guinea pig maximization test studies have shown the sensitizing potential of chlorothalonil to be high. The sensitizing property of chlorothalonil was studied with the predictive test methods, the local lymph node assay and the cumulative contact enhancement test. In the local lymph node assay, chlorothalonil induced a dose-dependent increase in proliferation with a maximal stimulation index of 19.2 and 27.2. In the cumulative contact enhancement test, a dose-dependent high sensitization rate was seen with a maximal sensitization rate of 100%. In conclusion, chlorothalonil is an extremely potent contact allergen, inducing sensitization simply from topical exposure on intact skin. (75993)

CIS 01-152 Prevalence and risk factors for latex allergy: A cross-sectional study in a United Kingdom hospital. Smedley J., Jury A., Bendall H., Frew A., Coggon D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.56, No.12, p.833-836. 19 ref. (In English)

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To determine the prevalence and risk factors for symptoms related to gloves, and the relation between symptoms and immunological evidence of type I hypersensitivity to latex, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among the hospital's 773 employees. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms related to gloves and associated risk factors among staff likely to use gloves at work. All who reported symptoms suggestive of type I hypersensitivity were invited for skin prick testing and measurement of specific IgE to latex (RAST). Among the 372 responders, symptoms related to gloves were common, 49% reported redness or itching of the hands, 14% reported urticaria, and 6% reported chest tightness. However, the frequency of positive skin prick tests and RASTs was surprisingly low (only two subjects tested positive). These findings indicate the need for caution in the interpretation of symptoms related to gloves even when they seem to suggest type I hypersensitivity. (76039)

CIS 01-153 Prevention of toxic risk during the production of pharmaceutical drugs - Conclusions derived from observing the operating practices of six companies. (French: La prévention du risque toxique lié à la fabrication des médicaments: axes de réflexion élaborés à partir de la pratique observée dans six entreprises) Huyart A., Dimerman S., Lauzier F., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3th Quarter 1998, No.75, p.231-250. 72 ref. (In French)

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Topics: carcinogenic effects; corticoids; cytostatic drugs; dermatological effects; dosimetry; drugs; eczema; industrial physicians; irritants; limitation of exposure; long-term exposure; myelotoxic effects; oestrogens; pharmaceutical industry; risk factors; toxic effects; toxicology; tranquillizers; vitamins. (76051)

CIS 01-154 A multidisciplinary cross-sectional study on solvent-related health effects in painters compared with construction workers. Nasterlack M., Dietz M.C., Frank K.H., Hacke W., Scherg H., Schmittner H., Stelzer O., Zimber A., Triebig G., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 1999, Vol.72, No.4, p.205-214. Illus. 69 ref. (In English)

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401 painters and 209 construction workers without solvent exposure with at least 10 years of professional experience were subjected to a clinical, neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological and neurophysiological examination. For personal medical and occupational history, standardized questionnaires were used. Painters reported an excess of specific symptoms that could be assigned to "mood and behaviour". The differences between specific and non-specific questionnaire outcomes on the one hand and the positive correlation between chronic exposure index and symptom scores on the other hand support the hypothesis of solvent-induced effects. Because data are lacking on past solvent exposure, it is not possible to relate these effects to current exposure limits. Currently employed painters differ from controls not exposed to solvents with respect to the frequency of certain symptoms in mood and behaviour. These symptoms are related to life-long solvent exposure rather than to current exposure. (76072)

CIS 01-155 Simulated workplace performance of N95 respirators. Coffey C.C., Campbell D.L., Zhuang Z., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.618-624. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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In 1995, NIOSH began to certify new classes of particulate respirators in the United States. To determine the performance of these respirators, NIOSH conducted a study to measure the simulated workplace performance of 21 N95 respirator models, to determine whether fit-testing affected the performance, and to investigate the effect of varying fit-test pass/fail criteria on performance. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator without fit-testing ranged from 6 to 88%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was 33%, which exceeds the amount of total penetration (10%) normally expected of a half-mask respirator. When a surrogate fit test was applied to the data, the 95th percentile of total penetrations for each respirator decreased to 1 to 16%. The 95th percentile of total penetrations for all the respirators combined was only 4%. Therefore, fit-testing is necessary to ensure that the user receives the expected level of protection. The study also found that performance was dependent on the value of the pass/fail criterion used in the surrogate fit-test. (76112)

CIS 01-156 Influence of a skin protective cream and of the allergen concentration in latex gloves on the results of wear tests of gloves. (German: Einfluss einer Hautschutzcreme und des Allergengehaltes von Latexhandschuhen auf das Ergebnis des Handschuh-Tragetests) Baur X., Chen Z., Allmers H., Raulf-Heimsoth M., Degens P., Allergologie, Dec. 1998, Vol.21, No.12, p.583-587. 15 ref. (In German)

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In experiments with 92 volunteers with suspected type I allergy to gloves made of natural rubber latex the protection provided by a protective cream was studied. Gloves rich in allergens and gloves with a low allergen content were used in the experiments. Most of the volunteers were health care workers. The gloves with the high allergen content produced a hypersensitivity reaction in 20% of the subjects while no such reaction was triggered among subjects wearing the gloves with the low allergen content. The use of a protective cream increased the number of hypersensitivity reactions to 34% among the wearers of gloves with high allergen content and to 3% among wearers of gloves with low allergen content. The negative effect of the protective cream and of the gloves with high allergen content could be confirmed in further experiments with 55 volunteers who tested the two kinds of gloves in parallel. (76171)

CIS 01-157 Accidents: Major source of soil pollution. (French: Accidents: les grandes pollutions des sols) Claret J.L., Brett Y.B., Darmendrail D., Bonte L., Fernandez J., Face au risque, Oct. 1998, No.346, p.7-34. Illus. (In French)

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Hazardous product transport agriculture, petrol station and chemical industry activities are the most likely to cause accidents resulting in soil pollution. The prefects of French départements are required to submit reports to the French Ministry of the Environment, whose objectives are to identify risks and prioritize them. Two types of appraisals - initial or comprehensive - can be used to evaluate risks on potentially polluted sites. Successfully implemented innovative technology makes it possible to expedite soil rehabilitation by using industrial cleaning solvents. (76049)

CIS 01-158 Asbestos exposure in a shipyard area, northeastern Italy. Bianchi C., Brollo A., Ramani L., Industrial Health, July 2000, Vol.38, No.3, p.301-308. 37 ref. (In English)

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To monitor asbestos exposure in the Monfalcone area of northeastern Italy where a large shipyard is based, the results of 3,640 necropsies carried out between October 1979 and September 1998 in a local hospital were scrutinized. Thoracic cavities were examined for small, moderate or large pleural plaques. Routine histological sections of lung tissue were examined for asbestos bodies. Isolation and counting of asbestos bodies were performed in 1,075 cases. Lifetime occupational data were collected in 1,277 cases. Pleural plaques were observed in 70.5% of cases among men and in 23.8 % among women, but their prevalence did not show significant variations during the study period. Asbestos bodies were found on routine lung sections in 23.7% of men and 3.0% of women. Shipyard workers were characterized by high prevalence of pleural plaques, high prevalence of asbestos bodies on routine lung sections, and high amounts of lung asbestos bodies after isolation. The present data indicate that asbestos exposure may reach alarming levels in the shipyard areas. (75997)

CIS 01-159 Prevention of platinum salt asthma. (German: Prävention des Platinsalzasthmas) Merget R., Baur X., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Nov. 1998, Vol.48, No.11, p.488-490. Illus. 14 ref. (In German)

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This literature survey on the occurrence, diagnosis and prevention of platinum salt asthma reveals that between 1978 and 1996, a total of 104 cases of platinum salt asthma occurred in precious metal refineries and catalyst production plants in Germany. For diagnosis, a highly specific skin prick test is available. Strategies to reduce incidences of the disease include lowering the exposure and annual medical supervision. Very few studies exist on the efficiency of these measures in preventing platinum salt asthma. Published studies of the dose-response relationships reveal an association between the exposure level and sensitization. The World Health Organization recommends a ceiling of 2µg/m³ for soluble platinum. (76154)

CIS 01-160 Working on buried asbestos cement pipes. (French: Travaux sur canalisations enterrées en amiante-ciment) Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1998, No.579, p.46-51. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: asbestos cement; asbestos; construction industry; directive; disposal of harmful waste; France; legal aspects; legislation; particulate removing respirators; piping; protective clothing; responsibilities of employers; shearing and cutting; standard; underground work. (76066)

CIS 01-161 Contact allergy and hand eczema in Swedish dentists. Wallenhammar L.M., Örtengren U., Andreasson H., Barregård L., Björkner B., Karlsson S., Wrangsjö K., Meding B., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 2000, Vol.43, No.4, p.192-199. 31 ref. (In English)

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The occurrence of contact allergy, in particular in reaction to acrylates and methacrylates, was investigated. Certain consequences of hand eczema were evaluated by a questionnaire mailed to 3,500 Swedish dentists. Among respondents residing in three major cities, 14.9% reported hand eczema during the previous year and were invited to a clinical examination, including patch testing. 83% attended, among whom a diagnosis of hand eczema was confirmed in 94% of the cases. Irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 67% and allergic contact dermatitis in 28%. On patch testing, 50% presented at least one positive reaction. The most frequent allergens were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, gold sodium thiosulfate and thiuram mix. It is concluded that dentistry is a high-risk occupation for hand eczema, and that irritant contact dermatitis is most common. However, the prevalence of contact allergy to acrylates was below 1% in the population of responding dentists. (75992)

CIS 01-162 Evaluation of exposure to methyl methacrylate among dental laboratory technicians. Nayebzadeh A., Dufresne A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.625-628. 15 ref. (In English)

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Following the diagnosis of two cases of occupational asthma among dental technicians, an industrial hygiene survey was conducted in two dental laboratories to determine time-weighted average and peak concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapour and time-weighted average concentration of acrylic dust. The time-weighted average concentrations of methyl methacrylate vapour were 0.7ppm and 1.6ppm and average peak concentrations were 9.3ppm and 9.7ppm for the first and second laboratory, respectively. The use of a local exhaust ventilation system was significant in reducing the peak concentration of methyl methacrylate vapour in the breathing zone of dental technicians. However, the local exhaust ventilation was not efficient in reducing the concentration of airborne acrylic dusts. Occupational exposure of dental technicians to dental materials, in particular to methyl methacrylate, requires further investigation. Local exhaust ventilation systems can reduce the concentration of methyl methacrylate in the dental laboratories to a significant extent if installed and used properly. (76113)

CIS 01-163 Hazard prevention and control in the work environment: Airborne dust. World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. 201p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Airborne contaminants are associated with a number of diseases. The aim of this document is to inform people about the prevention and control of dust in the work environment. Main topics covered: definition of dust; exposure types and diseases; dust control and management; exposure evaluation (sampling, measuring, exposure limits); control of dust sources (elimination, substitution); control of dust transmission; work practices, training and personal protective equipment; housekeeping; environmental protection; sources of information. (76194)

CIS 01-164 Hygiene and skin protection - Regulations, formulations and constituents. (French: Hygiène et protection cutanée - Réglementation, formulation, composants) Grascha P., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P.138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 1998. 185p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: FRF 200.00., ISBN 2-908191-11-3 (In French)

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Topics: binders; dermal toxicity; dermatomycoses; disinfectants; emulsifiers; France; legislation; physiology of skin; skin allergies; skin cancer; skin cleansers; skin creams; skin diseases; skin protection; stabilizers; standard; surfactants. (76062)

CIS 01-165 Vinyl chloride. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xxi, 356p. Approx. 850 ref. Price: CHF 72.00 (CHF 50.40 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157215-9 (In English)

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Vinyl chloride (VC) is used to manufacture PVC and chlorinated solvents, and exposure to VC is essentially confined to workers in these industries. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of vinyl chloride (VC) can give rise to "vinyl chloride illness", with numerous symptoms including headache, dizziness and nausea. VC exposure causes a rare tumour (angiosarcoma of the liver); other cancers may also be associated with VC, but evidence is not conclusive. VC is mutagenic in humans. Summaries in French and Spanish. (76131)

CIS 01-166 Guidance and training materials of IOMC participating organizations for chemicals management capacity building: An annotated resource guide. UNITAR, Palais des Nations, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 1st ed., Mar. 1999. 45p. (In English)

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Annotated list of guidance and training publications for managing chemical hazards, published by the organizations that participate in the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), which include FAO, ILO, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO and OECD. Grouping is by the following headings: legislation, policies and enforcement; information collection and exchange; hazard and risk assessment and communication; risk management and reduction; education, awareness raising and human resource development; technical and laboratory infrastructure building; general issues of capacity building. (76139)

CIS 01-167 Voluntary reporting by UK industry of occupational exposure data on chemicals - A feasibility study. Cherrie J.W., McIntosh C., Ritchie P., Sewell C., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 1999. viii, 80p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2470-6 (In English)

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The objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective method of obtaining occupational exposure data on chemicals from industry in the United Kingdom and from other sources with a view to transfer the data to the Health and Safety Executive's National Exposure Database. Five different approaches were used to identify data for three selected chemicals: contact with trade associations, a survey of likely users of the chemicals, contacts with groups of occupational hygienists, contacts with major users or producers of hazardous substances and contact with local and national government organizations. Costs of identifying and collecting exposure data were estimated. The most cost-effective was the survey of major users, followed by occupational hygienists. Other approaches were significantly more expensive. (76143)

CIS 01-168 Environmental exposure to benzene. CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, Oct. 1999. iv, 34p. Illus. 52 ref. (In English)

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This report provides a review of health risks from environmental exposure to benzene. A method is described that allows the estimation of the daily absorbed dose of benzene for a range of individuals representative of different life-styles and occupations. The current understanding of the relationship between exposure to benzene and the occurence of leukaemia is summarized. (76200)

CIS 01-169 Fume and temperature control in plastics processing - Practicality of preventing the evolution of plastic process fumes through temperature control. Willoughby B.G., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. ii, 98p. Illus. 192 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2475-7 (In English)

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The objective of this study was to establish the composition and level of fumes emitted by three commonly used plastics (PVC, ABS and PP) when they are processed above their recommended upper process temperature and to give comments on the practicality of relying on temperature control and process controls as a fume control strategy. (76290)

CIS 01-170 Pathologies induced by the inhalation of silica dust. (French: Pathologies dues à l'inhalation de poussières de silice) Dewitte J.D., Choucroun P., Leroyer C., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 1999, No.122, 8p. Illus. 75 ref. (In French)

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Topics: abrasives industry; bronchitis; carcinogens; silica; compensation of occupational diseases; data sheet; diatomaceous earth; encyclopaedia; foundries; France; IARC; inhalation; lung cancer; mineral dust pneumoconiosis; mineral dust; mixed dust pneumoconiosis; opacities; pneumoconiosis; quarrying industry; respirable dust; silicosis. (76012)

CIS 01-171 Flour dust: Risk assessment document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 1999. iv, 76p. 152 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2479-X (In English)

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Flour is widely used in the food and catering industries. It generates significant airborne dust concentrations during handling, transfer and processing. This dust includes fungal α-amylase and cereal allergens which can give rise to skin and respiratory allergies. Non-allergic skin and respiratory effects are also reported. Given the exposure conditions that currently prevail in the flour-associated industry, there is evidence that a significant incidence of flour-inducted respiratory disease occurs. However, existing data are insufficient to determine clear dose-response relationships, nor do they permit thresholds for the provocation of asthmatic response to be defined. (76134)

CIS 01-172 Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Hazard assessment document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Dec. 1999. vi, 41p. 36 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1735-1 (In English)

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Medium density fibreboard is a wood composite material used in the furniture industry. When fibreboard is machined, an atmosphere containing wood dust, formaldehyde and resin binder dust is released. Exposure effects include nasal irritation, deficits in pulmonary function, nasal mucosal swelling, reduction in olfactory perception, histopathological changes in the nasal epithelium and contact dermatitis. However, there is no evidence that these exposures produce health effects different from those seen in workers exposed to dust from hardwood or particleboard. (76136)

CIS 01-173 Exposure to asbestos fibres in indoor air. (Spanish: Exposición a fibras de amianto en ambientes interiores) Freixa Blanxart A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 5p. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: asbestos; buildings; data sheet; exposure evaluation; mineral fibres; respirable dust; risk factors; Spain; substitution. (76238)

CIS 01-174 Silica. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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The prolonged exposure to silica dust can lead to silicosis, a hardening or scarring of lung tissue with a consequent loss of lung function. The effect is irreversible, and continues after the exposure has stopped. Sufferers often die prematurely due to heart failure. Silicosis may also lead to lung cancer. Activities which can cause exposure to silica include stone masonry, blast cleaning of buildings - especially using sand, many demolition processes, concrete cutting or drilling, and tunneling. This information sheet provides guidance to employers in activities involving risk of exposure to silica dust on their legal responsibilities in the United Kingdom with respect to risk assessment and limitation of exposure. It also covers the aspects of elimination and substitution, control of dust, personal protective equipment and provides examples of silica exposure levels in some common construction activities. (76247)

CIS 01-175 Uranium and its compounds. (French: Uranium et ses composés) Le Guen B., Bérard P., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1998, No.120, 6p. Illus. 17 ref. (In French)

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Topics: aerosols; uranium; data sheet; dosimetry; encyclopaedia; exposure evaluation; faecal excretion; France; health hazards; ICRP; ingestion; inhalation; nephrotoxic effects; nuclear fuel processing; permissible levels; radiation monitoring; radioactive substances; skin absorption; uranium and compounds; urinary excretion. (76011)

CIS 01-176 Fungicides. (French: Fongicides) Rambourg Schepens M.O., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 1999, No.122, 7p. 57 ref. (In French)

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Topics: amines; arsenic and compounds; carbamates; captan; folpet; 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; dinocap; methyl bromide; potassium permanganate; quintozene; biphenyl; chromium and compounds; crop protection; data sheet; diazines; encyclopaedia; food industry; France; fungicides; guanidines; health hazards; mercury and compounds; organotin compounds; permissible levels; poisoning; preservatives; quinones; triazines; warehousing. (76014)

CIS 01-177 Chemical hazard alert notice - Phenol. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p. (In English)

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This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to phenol. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. Phenol is used as a starting material for the production of a variety of chemicals, mostly for the production of phenolic resins. It is corrosive and can be absorbed by the skin; diluted preparation may cause chemical burns or skin irritation. It can be genotoxic. Exposure to phenol should be controlled by a combination of engineering, process and control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment). (76085)

CIS 01-178 Chemical hazard alert notice - Manganese and its inorganic compounds. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p. (In English)

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This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to manganese and its inorganic compounds. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. Manganese and its compounds are used in steelmaking, animal feed supplements, fertilizers, manufacturing welding consumables, pigments, paint driers, catalysts, metal cleaning, printed circuit board production and water treatment. The main health hazard associated with exposure to inorganic manganese compounds is damage to the nervous system (changes in the ability to control movement). High levels of exposure can damage the lungs. Exposure to manganese should be controlled by a combination of engineering, process and control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment). (76086)

CIS 01-179 Chemical hazard alert notice - Hydroquinone (1,4 Benzenediol). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p. (In English)

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This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to hydroquinone. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. Hydroquinone is used in the manufacture of photographic developing reagents. It is also used as an intermediate in a number of processes, such as the production of p-benzoquinone for use in agrochemical production, and the manufacturing of methacrylate and methacrylic acid, UV curable resins for printing ink production, acrylonitrile and thermoplastic monomer. There is clear evidence showing that hydroquinone is mutagenic; it is a skin and eye irritant and can cause skin sensitization reactions and damage to the eyes. Exposure to hydroquinone should be controlled by a combination of engineering, process and control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment). (76087)

CIS 01-180 Chemical hazard alert notice - Chloroethane (monochloroethane, ethyl chloride). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p. (In English)

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This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to ethyl chloride. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. In the United Kingdom, ethyl chloride is used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead; it may also be produced as a by-product during the burning of industrial and domestic waste. Ethyl chloride has been shown to be mutagenic. Exposure to ethyl chloride should be controlled by a combination of engineering and process control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment). (76088)

CIS 01-181 Chemical hazard alert notice - Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p. (In English)

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This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to chlorobenzene. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. Chlorobenzene is mainly used as a process solvent or chemical intermediate, as a laboratory reagent and in some adhesives. It can damage the liver and blood cells and is possibly genotoxic. It can be absorbed through the skin. Exposure to chlorobenzene should be controlled by a combination of engineering and process control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment). (76089)

CIS 01-182 Volatile organic compounds in air (4): Laboratory method using pumped solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., June 2000. 24p. 30 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1756-4 (In English)

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A method for the measurement of airborne concentrations of individual compounds and of components of volatile organic mixtures is described. A measured volume of air is drawn through suitable sorbents; the collected vapour is desorbed by a solvent (typically carbon disulfide) and the solution is analysed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a mass spectrometer or other selective detector. Different sorbents are recommended for different ranges of compounds. The method is valid for the measurement of airborne vapours in the concentration range 1 to 1000mg/m³ of individual organic compound for samples of 10 litres of air. (Alternative methods: see CIS 95-2205, CIS 97-593 and CIS 98-849). (76090)

CIS 01-183 Approved guide to the classification and labelling of substances and preparations dangerous for supply. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 4th ed., 1999. vi, 62p. Price: GBP 9.00., ISBN 0-7176-1726-2 (In English)

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This revised guide (see CIS 97-1644 for previous edition) sets out the general principles of classification and labelling for supply as required by the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (CIS 95-23), as amended in 1999. The main changes relate to: advice use of structure-activity relationships; advice on self-classification; revisions of criteria for peroxides, aspiration hazards, very volatile substances, skin irritation and labelling of metals in massive form; two new R-phrases (R66, R67); changes to some environmental criteria; revised criteria for some S-phrases; changes to advice on choice and number of S-phrases. (76196)

CIS 01-184 Petroleum waxes and related products. CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, Dec. 1999. iv, 32p. 54 ref. (In English)

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This dossier summarizes the health, safety and environmental data currently available on paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes, slack waxes and petrolatums which are used in wide range of industries, including the food industry. Petroleum waxes and related products are at most slightly irritant; slack wax is weakly carcinogenic. Advice is given on the storage and handling of waxes and related products, on emergency treatment in case of exposure and on disposal. These products are biodegradable. (76197)

CIS 01-185 Cumene. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 28p. 130 ref. Price: CHF 13.00 (CHF 9.10 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153018-9 (In English)

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http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad18.pdf

Cumene may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. Studies on rodents indicate that cumene irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. It may affect the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. Most marked effects observed in animals after repeated exposure are an increase in the weight of some organs, specially kidney. There is no data to quantify human exposure. Summaries in French and Spanish. (76198)

CIS 01-186 A step by step guide to COSHH assessment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. viii, 44p. Illus. 23 ref. Price: GBP: 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1446-8 (In English)

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Advice and guidance to employers in the United Kingdom for the assessment of their activities under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (COSHH, CIS 00-620). Contents: gathering information about the substance, the work and working practices; evaluating the risks to health; deciding on the necessary measures to comply with Regulations 7 to 12 of COSHH; recording the assessment; when the assessment needs to be reviewed; competence of those carrying out the assessment; decisions on reasonable practicability. Examples of the application of the COSHH Regulations in specific industries are included. (76209)

CIS 01-187 Dermal exposure to non-agricultural pesticides - Exposure assessment document. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 46p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1718-1 (In English)

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Skin can be an important route to systemic dose and may be a target organ itself. This exposure assessment document presents data on dermal exposure to non-agricultural pesticides such as public hygiene insecticides, remedial biocides, industrial timber preservatives and antifouling preparation. Topics covered: exposure measurements; design of exposure studies; dermal exposure data; risk assessment; modified seven patch method for determining occupational dermal exposure. (76220)

CIS 01-188 Hazards of chemical substances: Labelling and safety data sheets. (Spanish: Peligrosidad de los productos químicos: etiquetado y fichas de datos de seguridad) Berenguer Subils M.J., Gadea Carrera E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 8p. Illus. 10 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical products; classification; dangerous substances; data sheet; ecotoxicology; hazard criteria; health hazards; Spain; toxicology; warning notices. (76234)

CIS 01-189 Carcinogens: Criteria for classification. (Spanish: Sustancias carcinogénicas: criterios para su clasificación) Solans Lampurlanés X., Regidor Braojos L., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 5p. 12 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: animal experiments; carcinogenic effects; carcinogens; classification; data sheet; European Communities; extrapolation animal man; genetic effects; Germany; IARC; Norway; Spain; Sweden; USA. (76240)

CIS 01-190 Biphenyl. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 37p. 119 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153006-5 (In English)

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http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad06.pdf

This chemical assessment document is based on a literature review of published information on biphenyl. Contents include: physical and chemical properties; analytical methods; human metabolism; animal studies; in vitro studies; effects of exposure on humans; health protection and emergency action; current regulations and guidelines. Biphenyl may present a mutagenic risk and is a potential carcinogen; vapour exposure at high levels results in eye irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract; long-term exposure causes liver damage. Summaries in French and in Spanish. (76250)

CIS 01-191 Chromate primer paints. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. 4p. 16 ref. (In English)

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The hexavalent form of chromium, present in chromate primers is associated with several health hazards including irritation of the respiratory system, skin and eyes. The most common chromates used in primer paints are also classified as carcinogenic. This information sheet outlines the responsibilities of employers and the self-employed with respect to risk evaluation and limitation of exposure under the current regulations applicable in the United Kingdom. Contents include: description of health hazards; occupational exposure limits; prevention and control of exposure; respiratory protective equipment; maintenance of equipment; exposure monitoring; health surveillance; information and training. (76273)

CIS 01-192 General methods for sampling and gravimetric analysis of respirable and inhalable dust. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., Feb. 2000. 10p. Illus. 30 ref. Price: GBP 12.00., ISBN 0-7176-1749-1 (In English)

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The methods presented in this guidance note apply to the determination of most kinds of particulate dust and fumes at the workplace. Sampling systems and filters as well as sampling and analysis procedures are described, and the required sensitivity of the balance used to weigh the collected sample is defined. Replaces CIS 93-954. (76285)

CIS 01-193 Supply of welding consumables. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 1999. 2p. 8 ref. (In English)

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"Welding consumables" is a generic term for a number of products used in the welding process, including electrodes, welding rods and filler wires. This information sheet provides advice to manufacturers and importers of welding consumables on their responsibilities under the United Kingdom Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. It describes the requirements for welding consumable warning labels and hazard data sheets. In particular, it encourages manufacturers to report the concentrations of both forms of chromium, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the welding fumes. (76245)

CIS 01-194 Respirable crystalline silica exposures during tuck pointing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Nov. 1999. 3p. Illus. (In English)

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The first step in the renovation of brick facades is to grind out the mortar between the bricks. This mortar dust contains respirable crystalline silica. Exposure to silica dust can lead to silicosis, a deadly lung disease. Silicosis may take 10 years to develop. However, if exposures are very high, symptoms can appear after just a few weeks. During recent studies at building renovation sites, very high concentrations of silica (50 to 100 times the recommended exposure limit) were measured. The purpose of this information sheet is to highlight the hazard and to present recommendations for prevention, including good work practices and the use of respirators. (76278)

CIS 01-195 Safety in the laboratory: Hazardous properties of the most used chemicals. (Spanish: Seguridad en el laboratorio: características de peligrosidad de los productos químicos de uso más corriente) Gadea Carrera E., Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical products; classification; dangerous substances; data sheet; laboratory work; list of chemical substances; Spain. (76236)

CIS 01-196 Risk prevention in chemical laboratories: Basic procedures. (Spanish: Prevención del riesgo en el laboratorio químico: operaciones básicas) Rosell Farrás M.G., Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: magnesium perchlorate; methanol; sodium; chemical processes; chemical reactions; data sheet; distillation; drying; ethers; evaporation; filtration; laboratory work; risk factors; solvent extraction; Spain; transfer of liquids; vacuum. (76239)

CIS 01-197 Control of exposure to perchloroethylene in commercial drycleaning. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 1997. 3p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Perchloroethylene (PERC) (synonym: tetrachloroethylene) is the most commonly used dry-cleaning solvent. It can enter the body through respiratory and dermal exposure. This information sheet gives guidance for the reduction of perchloroethylene exposure in commercial dry-cleaning. Main measures are: substitution by wet cleaning and petroleum-based solvents; isolation of dry-cleaning machines from other work areas; machine design (machines with refrigerated condenser and carbon absorber to reduce exposure during machine loading and un loading); proper maintenance of the machines; ventilation systems; good working practices (see also CIS 01-198, CIS 01-199 and CIS 01-200). (76081)

CIS 01-198 Control of exposure to perchloroethylene in commercial drycleaning (substitution). Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 1997. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Perchloroethylene (PERC) (synonym: tetrachloroethylene) is the most commonly used dry-cleaning solvent. It can enter the body through respiratory and dermal exposure. This information sheet gives guidance for the reduction of perchloroethylene exposure in commercial dry-cleaning by substitution. Alternatives to perchlorethylene are: wet cleaning, hydrocarbon solvents and liquid carbon dioxide. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are described (see also CIS 01-197, CIS 01-199 and CIS 01-200). (76082)

CIS 01-199 Control of exposure to perchloroethylene in commercial drycleaning (machine design). Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 1997. 4p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Perchloroethylene (PERC) (synonym: tetrachloroethylene) is the most commonly used dry-cleaning solvent. It can enter the body through respiratory and dermal exposure. Reduction of perchloroethylene exposure in commercial dry-cleaning can be achieved by machine design. The characteristics of the five generations of dry-cleaning machines used in the U.S. are described. Important design features to consider when purchasing new equipment are mentioned. Advantages and limitations of retrofitting of a refrigerated condenser or a carbon absorber are explained and other machine features that help reducing occupational exposure to PERC are listed (see also CIS 01-197, CIS 01-198 and CIS 01-200). (76083)

CIS 01-200 Control of exposure to perchloroethylene in commercial drycleaning (ventilation). Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Oct. 1997. 4p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Perchloroethylene (PERC) (synonym: tetrachloroethylene) is the most commonly used dry-cleaning solvent. It can enter the body through respiratory and dermal exposure. This information sheet describes the ventilation systems used to control worker exposure and ensure thermal comfort. These include: local exhaust ventilation which captures the vapour at or near its source of release (reduces the vapour reaching the breathing zone and minimizes vapour dilution); general ventilation which dilutes the background levels of PERC; emergency ventilation which should be available to control solvent vapours in case of spills or leaks (see also CIS 01-197, CIS 01-198 and CIS 01-199). (76084)

CIS 01-201 Toxicological data sheets. (French: Fiches toxicologiques) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, May 2000. CD-ROM can be read on Macintosh or PC (Windows 95, 98, NT). (In French)

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CD-ROM including the complete collection of data sheets published by the Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS). These data sheets provide technical and regulatory synthesis of information on hazards related to a product or a group of products. Topics covered by each data sheet: uses; physical and chemical properties; methods of detection and determination in air; fire hazards; pathology and toxicology; current French occupational safety and health regulations in areas of occupational safety and hygiene, protection of the environment and transport; technical and medical recommendations. (76108)

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CIS 01-202 The characteristics of occupational burns in France. (French: Brûlures par exposition professionnelle - Les particularités en France) Pages M., Devaux S., Wassermann D., Laguerre J., Vidal-Trécan G., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Oct. 1998, Vol.59, No.6, p.395-400. 12 ref. (In French)

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A retrospective epidemiological study of severe burns was conducted over a period of one year to analyse the characteristics of occupational burns and to suggest specific preventive measures. Among the 720 burned patients included in the study, 212 had burn injuries at work. Mean age was not different in the two populations (occupational burns and non-occupational burns). There were more male patients with occupational burns than in the other group. The typical occupational burn victim was a male with a high or average income, who lived with a partner. The victim's responsibility was engaged in only 24% of instances. Associated chronic disease was less frequent. The upper part of the body was the most common site involved. The most common agent for burns was flames (less frequent in occupationally burned patients), followed by electrical injury. Victims of burns of occupational origin were on the whole less severely burned than were those of non-occupational origin, and had a lower death rate. (76042)

CIS 01-203 Escape and rescue routes. (German: Flucht- und Rettungswege) Ködel W., Sicherheitsingenieur, Jan. 1999, Vol.30, No.1, p.22-24. Illus. (In German)

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Because inspections in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia have shown that many escape routes in companies do not fulfil safety requirements, an improvement campaign was started. Managers and employees of companies were motivated to check the safety of their escape routes. A check list was made available to the companies for this purpose. With it the width, height, length, illumination and design of exit doors of escape routes can be checked by a staff member of the company for compliance with the rules. Random inspections are planned to see whether the effort has improved the conditions of escape routes. (76173)

CIS 01-204 Selection of an accident development scenario in an oil plant. (Russian: Vybor scenarija razvitija avarii na neftjanom promysle) Andreeva N.N., Sitenkov V.T., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, July 1999, No.7, p.17-20. Illus. (In Russian)

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This article examines theoretical and practical aspects of explosion hazards in a refinery. A basic assumption is that the plant can be divided into blocks that can be shut off in the case of malfunctions such as leakage. From any one block, the potential energy release should not exceed 3GJ. Safety equipment should match up to category 3 explosion hazard requirements. Two major explosion hazards are mentioned: firstly, explosive mixtures may form within a block during maintenance downtime, a situation which cannot be automatically controlled; secondly, fire may lead to an explosion hazard in a block that has been closed off in response to a malfunction; in this case, provision must be made for pressure release. (76265)

CIS 01-205 Smoke venting systems according to the proposed DIN 18 232-5 standard. (German: Rauchabzug nach dem Entwurf DIN 18 232-5) Schneider U., Lebeda C., Zeitschrift Forschung und Technik im Brandschutz, Jan. 1999, Vol.48, No.1, p.21-31. Illus. 21 ref. (In German)

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Topics: comment on standard; draft standard; fire protection; Germany; mathematical simulation; smoke vents; standard; ventilation systems. (76177)

CIS 01-206 Construction and use of a group rescue chamber in the Zyrjanovskaja Mine of Kuznetskugol AO UK. (Russian: Stroitel'stvo i ėkspluatacija kamery gruppovogo spasenija na šahte "Zyrjanovskaja" AO UK "Kuzneckugol'") Lavrik V.G., Nogih S.R., Pašorin R.N., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Mar. 2000, No.3, p.39-41. Illus. (In Russian)

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A rescue cabin is described which should protect up to 25 miners working underground in tunnels too long for the capacity of personal safety equipment. It is serviced by fresh compressed air and has communications and first-aid facilities. It was first installed in a coal mine of Kuznetskugol in Russia. It is planned that other mines of this company be equipped with similar cabins. Positive pressure protects the miners against gas and dust. (76269)

CIS 01-207 Storage and use of flammable foundry blackings. (German: Lagerung und Verarbeitung brennbarer Schlichten in Giessereien) Bilke F., Giesserei, 8 Sep. 1998, Vol.85, No.9, p.61-69. Illus. 2 ref. (In German)

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In foundries, flammable liquids with ignition temperatures below 21°C and between 21 and 55°C are used in the coating of moulds. Layout and design of the storage facilities including storage tanks for such substances in compliance with German safety regulations are illustrated and discussed. For example, for storage of more than 5000 litres of flammable mould-coating liquids permission must be obtained from the authorities and an inspection is required to make sure that the storage facilities including the storage tank comply with German safety regulations. (76158)

CIS 01-208 Firefighter injuries. Karter M.J., LeBlanc P.R., NFPA Journal, Nov.-Dec. 1999, Vol.93, No.6, p.46-51. Illus. (In English)

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This article summarizes the findings of a survey of US fire departments conducted by the National Fire Protection Association. The 87,500 injuries sustained by firefighters while on duty in 1998 represented an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. Of the injured firefighters, 4,830 had to be hospitalized, an increase of 1.7% over 1997. Most injuries (49.2%) occurred at the scene of the fire, other causes being other on-duty activities (18.7%) and non-fire emergency activities (16%). On-site injuries decreased by 33.8% compared to 1988. Tables and charts present statistics of injuries requiring hospitalization and according to the year, nature of injury, type of duty, cause of injury, size of community protected and region of the country. Data on vehicle accidents and on the number of fires are also given. (76031)

CIS 01-209 Fire detection and fire fighting in municipal solid waste bunkers. (German: Erkennen und Bekämpfen von Bränden in Abfallbunkern) Siepelmeyer-Kierdorf L., Zeitschrift Forschung und Technik im Brandschutz, Jan. 1999, Vol.48, No.1, p.3-14. Illus. 8 ref. (In German)

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In Germany, there are no detailed regulations with regard to the detection and fighting of fires in storage bunkers of municipal solid waste incineration plants. A guideline to fill this gap is presently being prepared. Recommendations in this guideline form the basis of the presented practical tips for detecting and fighting of fires in solid waste bunkers. In addition, the special conditions prevailing in storage bunkers of solid waste incinerators were taken into consideration as were various fire detection and fire fighting methods. Fire detection by the crane operator should be preferred over the installation of automatic fire detectors. Infrared detectors are recommended in case the waste stays in the bunker for more than one week and round-the-clock surveillance by crane operators is not feasible. For fire fighting, water canons should be used rather than sprinkler systems. They can be better focussed on the site of a fire and the water jet penetrates deeper into the garbage. The additional fire protection components needed in a solid waste bunker such as smoke vents are discussed. (76176)

CIS 01-210 Road traffic accidents involving the transport of hazardous goods from 1992 to 1995. (German: Strassenverkehrsunfälle beim Transport gefährlicher Güter 1992 bis 1995) Pöppel-Decker M., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, Oct. 1998. 34p. Illus. 9 ref., ISBN 3-89701-251-0 (In German)

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The records of road accidents in Germany in the years 1992 to 1995 were analysed in order to determine the frequency and causes of accidents involving trucks carrying dangerous substances. A total of 1230 such accidents which injured people occurred. They caused 85 fatalities. The number of such accidents per year was on the downward trend in the period under consideration. The majority of these accidents (48%) was not caused by the drivers of the trucks. Most of the accidents were rear-end collisions. High speed was involved in 26% of the accidents. Most of the trucks (66%) were tank trucks. They carried mostly flammable liquids followed by compressed, dissolved or liquefied gases. Dangerous substances were released in 8% of the accidents. (76155)

CIS 01-211 Bursting discs (I): Characteristics. (Spanish: Discos de ruptura (I): características) Turmo Sierra E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 7p. Illus. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: bursting discs; data sheet; description of equipment; explosion prevention; overpressure; pressure vessels; safety by design; Spain; uses. (76231)

CIS 01-212 Bursting discs (II): Sizing. (Spanish: Discos de ruptura (II): dimensionado) Turmo Sierra E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 18 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: bursting discs; compression; data sheet; design of equipment; explosion prevention; mathematical simulation; pressure vessels; safety by design; Spain. (76232)

CIS 01-213 Preventive maintenance of hazardous installations. (Spanish: Mantenimiento preventivo de las instalaciones peligrosas) Tamborero del Pino J.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; design of equipment; major hazards; occupational safety; preventive maintenance; safety checks; Spain. (76235)

CIS 01-214 Better alarm handling. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2000. 4p. 4 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet uses information derived from the investigation of an explosion and fire at a British refinery in 1994 (see CIS 97-1668). It was found that too many alarms had to be operated with poor prioritization, and proposes a step-by-step approach to improve alarm handling. Firstly, the problems have to be identified (how many alarms should there be, who should operate them and are the procedures clear?); secondly, the alarm system should be reviewed and an action plan established; and thirdly, alarm improvements should be managed (checking, design of new alarm systems). (76283)

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CIS 01-215 Calculation of a safe earth conductor. (Russian: Rasčet bezopasnogo zazemlitelja) Bambizov A.G., Možaev N.S., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, July 1999, No.7, p.24-28. Illus. 6 ref. (In Russian)

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This article proposes to include the dielectric properties of the medium when calculating safe earth conductors. Computer-based calculations starting from Gauss's theorem and using a system of linear equations are described, and shown to avoid the incorrect assumption of earlier methods of calculation which assumed that sources of current were present in the medium. The method has been shown to work in practical situations. It is applicable to grounds which are not homogeneous and which consist of any number of layers differing in their electrical properties. (76266)

CIS 01-216 Maintaining portable and transportable electrical equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. 20p. 6 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0715-1 (In English)

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This guidance document describes basic precautions for ensuring the safety of portable and transportable electrical equipment. Contents: responsibilities of manufacturers: risk control; use of equipment; potential hazards; maintenance (visual inspection, inspection and tests, testing intervals, record keeping); legal requirements. (76205)

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CIS 01-217 Impact on hearing of the exposure of classical orchestra musicians to sound. (French: Conséquences auditives de l'exposition sonore de musiciens d'orchestres de musique classique) Richoux C., Loth D., Teyssou M., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1998, No.76, p.351-357. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

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Topics: age-linked differences; hearing loss; musicians; noise charts; noise dosimetry; noise level measurement; noise level; questionnaire survey; theatres; vibration. (76057)

CIS 01-218 Finger cold-induced vasodilation during mild hypothermia, hyperthermia and at thermoneutrality. Daanen H.A.M., Ducharme M.B., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.70, No.12, p.1206-1210. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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Exposure of the fingers to severe cold leads to cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD). To investigate the influence of body thermal status on the CIVD response, eight subjects immersed their right hand in 5°C water for 40min during mild hypothermia (C), thermoneutrality (N) and hyperthermia (W). The mean skin temperature of the body (Tsk), the oesophageal temperature (Tes), the temperature of the volar side of the distal phalanx of each immersed finger (Tfi) and the skin perfusion of the immersed middle finger (Qsk) were continuously measured. During the W condition the body temperatures were higher than during N and during C. Tfi and Qsk were higher during the W condition than during N and during C. The onset time of CIVD was significantly prolonged in condition C as compared with N .It was concluded that the CIVD response is significantly affected by body-core and skin temperatures. (76035)

CIS 01-219 Thermal and metabolic responses of high and low fat women to cold water immersion. Prisby R., Glickman-Weiss E.L., Nelson A.G., Caine N., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.70, No.9, p.887-891. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of the present investigation was to find out if women with high levels of body fat (30±3%) had a different reaction to being immersed in cold water from those having low levels of body fat (20.5±2%). The thermal and metabolic responses of six women in each category were monitored during acute exposure to 17°C water for 120min. The following variables were measured: rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, oxygen consumption and tissue insulation. Unexpectedly, only one of the variables demonstrated a main effect for fat. Rectal temperature demonstrated a significant group by time interaction. However, mean skin temperature demonstrated a main effect for time. While oxygen consumption demonstrated an increase across time, these changes were non-significant. It appears that the high-fat (HF) group demonstrated a similar thermal and metabolic response as their low-fat (LF) counterparts. However, the LF groups maintained a lower rectal temperature as compared with the HF subjects. Perhaps leaner subjects or colder water temperatures would elucidate the value of body fat in females, and demonstrate a differential response with respect to females varying in percent body fat. (76078)

CIS 01-220 Occupational diseases and radiation exposure - Notifications received by the national social security system between 1985 and 1995 in Ile-de-France. (French: Maladies professionnelles et expositions aux radiations ionisantes - Affections déclarées au régime général de 1985 à 1995 en Ile-de France) Bray N., Cador B., Turner G., Limido G., Trutt B., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Mar. 1999, Vol.60, No.1, p.29-35. Illus. 8 ref. (In French)

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A total of 87 claims of occupational disease linked to ionizing radiations during the period 1985-1995 was analysed. Sixty-eight claims were accepted. These cases were mostly cancers (75%). In order of decreasing frequency, they were: leukaemia, lung cancer, bone sarcoma and radioepithelioma. Twelve cases of cataract, and one case of conjunctivitis and bone radionecrosis each were also found. The patients, 90% males, mean age 55 years, worked in the nuclear and medical fields. Since 1993, nine cases have been submitted to the special committee for occupational diseases not on the list (Comité regional de reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles). Only one of them, a case of thrombocytaemia, was considered work-related by this committee. (76047)

CIS 01-221 Comparison of personal exposure meter placement for the determination of office worker ELF magnetic field exposures. Cutler T.L., Breysse P.N., Schiffman A., Kanchanaraksa S., Rooney B.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.647-650. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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This article compares extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposures measured by placing personal exposure meters (PEMs) at the head, chest and waist level for a group of office workers. Twenty-three volunteers were asked to wear three PEMs simultaneously; one was attached to a baseball cap worn on the head, one was attached to a band and worn around the neck (positioned on the chest), and one was worn in a belted pouch around the waist (positioned on the right side of the hip). The effect of PEM placement was evaluated by comparing full-shift average exposures and daily maximum or peak exposure. Results suggest that for office workers PEM meter placement on the body does not produce large differences in full-shift average ELF magnetic flux density exposures. However, the hip position produced the largest daily maximum or peak exposures. It is recommended that PEMs be placed on the hip for exposure assessments in office environments, because this placement is the most commonly used and the most convenient, and it resulted in the highest magnetic field exposures. (76115)

CIS 01-222 Effect of outdoor weathering on the effective life of forest industry safety helmets. Kirk P., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.51-58. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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While numerous national and international laboratory-based trials have been undertaken to determine the effective life of forest industry safety helmets, little local knowledge exists about the impact of actual outdoor weathering elements on the effective life of such helmets. A study was undertaken to determine the impact of outdoor weathering, in particular ultraviolet and visible solar radiation, on the effective life of three models of plastic safety helmets currently in use in New Zealand forestry operations. A sample of each helmet model and colour were destructively tested in accordance with the appropriate helmet standard at three-month intervals. It was found that the effective life of helmets exposed to outdoor weathering ranged from 13.5 to 36 months. Helmet colour appeared to have little influence on helmet failure rates. It is recommended that plastic safety helmets used in forest operations be replaced after 12 months continual use. (76128)

CIS 01-223 Radiation exposure due to the inhalation of thorium isotopes during welding with tungsten electrodes containing thorium dioxide. (German: Strahlenexposition durch Inhalation von Thoriumisotopen beim Schweissen mit Wolframelektroden mit Thoriumdioxid) Tietze A., Witkowski N., Biehl R., Pilwat G., Schweissen und Schneiden, Feb. 1998, Vol.50, No.2, p.109-112. Illus. 9 ref. (In German)

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In stationary and personal air samples taken at the workplace of three tungsten inert gas welders, radioactivity produced by thorium isotopes 232, 230 and 228 was determined. The welders used electrodes which contained 2% of thorium dioxide. The annual uptake of radioactivity by inhalation of the 3 isotopes was calculated from the results. The calculations took into account the hours spent welding and on the workplace. They were based on a volume of 1.2m³ of air inhaled per hour. In 2 of 3 welders, the annual uptake of radioactivity amounted to less than 10% of the limit value. In one of the welders who applied a different welding technique, it was above 10% of the limit value. (76160)

CIS 01-224 Non-auditory effects of noise at work: A critical review of the literature post 1988. Butler M.P., Graveling R.A., Pilkington A., Boyle A.L., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 1999. viii, 85p. 125 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2491-9 (In English)

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This report is a critical review of research on the non-auditory effects of noise, and is an update of an earlier project published in 1991. Focussing on occupational exposures, it includes behavioural and psychological influences of noise as well as its impact on physiological functioning and health. Findings indicate that continued exposure to noise at levels below those specified by current United Kingdom legislation does have health effects. The effects of noise on work performance are complex and dependent on many variables. There is increasing evidence of a psychological cost incurred by working when exposed to noise, and chronic noise exposure may be associated with sustained increases in blood pressure. Maternal exposure to noise may affect foetal hearing ability. (76141)

CIS 01-225 Whole-body vibration: Occupational exposures and their health effects in Great Britain. Palmer K.T., Coggon D., Bendall H.E., Pannett B., Griffin M.J., Haward B.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. v, 143p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: GBP 37.50., ISBN 0-7176-2477-3 (In English)

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Based on the responses of approximately 13,000 men and women of working age selected at random in the United Kingdom to a questionnaire on exposure to vibration at work, the main conclusions of the survey are: approximately 7.2 million men and 1.8 million women are exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) at work in a one-week period; the occupations and industries with the highest exposures include drivers of forklift trucks, road transportation trucks, buses and coaches; moderate exposures exist for professional drivers and drivers of excavators and of off-road vehicles and industrial vehicles, and for helicopter pilots; overall, the risk of low-back pain due to exposure to WBV is small for most British workers, but more substantial risks may exist in certain occupations. (76145)

CIS 01-226 Whole-body vibration: Evaluation of some common sources of exposure in Great Britain. Paddan G.S., Haward B.M., Griffin M.J., Palmer K.T., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. vi, 71p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2481-1 (In English)

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Workplace visits were undertaken to measure the vibration on selected vehicles and machines, and observe workers exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV). Vibrations were measured on 39 vehicles and machines, and assessed according to current British and international standards. The measurements were also used to assist the interpretation of responses to the questionnaire survey on vibration (see CIS 01-225). The vibration magnitudes assumed for various vehicles and machines from the interpretation of the questionnaire responses were generally in agreement with the measured values. However, there were large differences between vehicles and machines of similar type. Ergonomic observation was carried out on 63 drivers exposed to WBV, with emphasis on driving posture, seat adjustment, ride comfort, manual handling of driving, duration of driving, work environment and work organization. (76146)

CIS 01-227 Hand-transmitted vibration: Evaluation of some common sources of exposure in Great Britain. Paddan G.S., Haward B.M., Griffin M.J., Palmer K.T., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. vi, 79p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2480-3 (In English)

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Workplace visits were undertaken to measure vibration on selected tools and to observe workers exposed to vibration. Hand-transmitted vibration was measured on the handles of 125 different powered tools and assessed according to current British and international standards. The measurements were also used to assist the interpretation of responses to the questionnaire survey on vibration (see CIS 01-228). The vibration magnitudes assumed for various machines from the interpretation of the questionnaire responses were generally in agreement with the measured values. However, there were large differences among tools of similar type. Ergonomic observation was carried out on 116 users of hand-held powered tools, with emphasis on working posture, grip force, manual handling, duration of tool use, work environment and work organization. (76147)

CIS 01-228 Hand-transmitted vibration: Occupational exposures and their health effects in Great Britain. Palmer K.T., Coggon D., Bendall H.E., Pannett B., Griffin M.J., Haward B.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. vi, 149p. Illus. 67 ref. Price: GBP 37.50., ISBN 0-7176-2476-5 (In English)

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Based on the responses of approximately 13,000 men and women of working age selected at random in the United Kingdom to a questionnaire on exposure to vibration at work, the main conclusions of the survey are: approximately 4.2 million men and 0.7 million women are exposed to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) at work in any one-week period; the occupations and industries with the highest exposures among men include metal-working production, carpenters, electricians, motor mechanics, plumbers, heating and ventilation workers, bricklayers and gardeners; exposure to HTV is a common cause of Raynaud's phenomenon among men; the most commonly used tools were hammer drills, hand-held portable grinders and jig saws; among women, highest exposures were for floor polishing among domestic workers and cleaners. (76148)

CIS 01-229 Assessment and management of the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields in the workplace. Gabriel C., Lau R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 1999. v, 93p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-2465-X (In English)

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This report addresses the assessment and management of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in accordance with the guidelines of the United Kingdom National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). The main features of the NRPB guidelines are summarized and the evaluation of exposure is discussed with respect to source characterization, instrumentation, measurement techniques, data analysis and dosimetry. Exposure assessment techniques used in broadcasting and telecommunications, induction heating, dielectric heating and medical devices are described. Practical advice is given on all aspects of exposure assessment, as well as practical approaches to the monitoring and management of electromagnetic fields at the workplace. (76142)

CIS 01-230 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Precision methods for reverberation rooms. (French: Acoustique - Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique - Méthode de laboratoire en salles réverbérantes) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 3rd ed., 1999. vi, 32p. 28 ref. (In English, French)

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This international standard specifies laboratory methods for determining sound power radiated by sources as a function of frequency, using a reverberation test room having specified acoustical characteristics. The method is suitable for steady noise with broad-band, narrow-band and discrete-frequency components. The noise may be emitted from a device, machine, component or sub-assembly. (76286)

CIS 01-231 Working in artificial cold. (Dutch: Werken in kunstmatige koude; French: Le travail dans le froid artificiel) Ministère fédéral de l'emploi et du travail, rue Belliard 51, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 36p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: alarm systems; arthritis; Belgium; cardiovascular disorders; cold storage; cold stress; cold workplaces; cooling systems; data sheet; food industry; frostbite; fruit processing and storing; insulating clothing; legal aspects; manual dexterity; meat industry; poisson distribution; Raynaud's phenomenon; responsibilities of employers; retail trade; wholesale trade; work-rest schedules. (76067)

CIS 01-232 Cold stress: Occupational exposure evaluation. (Spanish: Estrés por frío: evaluación de las exposiciones laborales) Luna Mendaza P., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 8p. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: biological effects; cold stress; cold workplaces; data sheet; limitation of exposure; protection against cold; protective clothing; Spain; whole-body cooling. (76237)

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CIS 01-233 New safety device for manipulating cranes. (Russian: Novyi pribor bezopasnosti dlja kranov-manipuljatorov) Zametin V.I., Rufov V.E., Sušinskij V.A., Šiškov N.A., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, July 1999, No.7, p.31-32. Illus. (In Russian)

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A microprocessor-based safety device for hydraulic lifting equipment is described. By signalling and displaying the hydraulic pressure, it prevents overload situations leading to tilting of lifting and handling equipment. (76267)

CIS 01-234 Modelling of forklift trucks for improving the safety of drivers during lateral tipovers. (French: Modélisation de chariots élévateurs en vue d'améliorer la sécurité des conducteurs lors de renversements latéraux) Koutchouk M., Aubin C.E., Gou M., Benoît R., Travail et santé, Dec. 1998, Vol.14, No.4, p.S-24-S-27. Illus. 11 réf. (In French)

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The aim of this study was the development of computer models of a forklift truck and its driver, and the simulation of lateral tipovers using a software package called ADAMS. The forklift truck model consists of seven rigidly connected components. The driver model has six segments with joints that allow only the neck and the elbows to rotate. Three other joints at the hands and lower torso level simulate the interaction between the driver and his vehicle. Static and dynamic simulations of the unloaded forklift truck behaviour during lateral tipover were developed. In the "static" simulation, the forklift truck had no velocity and was put on a plate that tipped at an angular velocity of 30°/s. For the "dynamic" simulation, the forklift truck had a maximum velocity of 20km/h and tipped in a 4 or 5m radius curve. Model animations illustrate the lift truck kinematic behavior during lateral tipover, and the results were found to be consistent with available data. The feasibility of the computer modelling approach was demonstrated. (76019)

CIS 01-235 Designing safe machine tools requires a global approach. (German: Sicherheitstechnik an Werkzeugmaschinen ist ganzheitlich zu betrachten) Reinhart G., Zeller W., Maschinenmarkt, 7 Sep. 1998, Vol.104, No.37, p.52-55. Illus. 6 ref. (In German)

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A programmable electronic system for machine tools is presented which is activated by opening the guard grids. The signal produced by this action is converted and transmitted to the actuator which puts the machine tool into a safe state. The control system presented here fulfills the requirements of safety category 3. (76159)

CIS 01-236 Systematic indications concerning the order of compilation and form of pressure documents. (Russian: Metodičeskie ukazanija o porjadke sostavlenija i forme pasporta sosuda rabotajuščego pod davleniem) Mines and Industries Inspectorate of the Russian Federation (Gosgortehnadzor), Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, June 1999, No.6, p.42-51. Illus. (In Russian)

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This article provides the background to the Russian pressure vessel regulations, and includes sample forms (annex 1) and systematic instructions (annex 2) for preparing the documentation required under the regulations. Some of the data is to be filled in by the manufacturer, and some by the owner or operator of the pressure vessel. Various aspects including specifications, vessel components, tests and operating conditions, including cold outdoor environments, are covered in detail. (76263)

CIS 01-237 In-company same- and low-level falls: From an understanding of such accidents to their prevention. Leclercq S., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.59-67. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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Falls on the level or from low levels are common occupational accidents. The effectiveness of preventive measures is directly dependent on an understanding of accident circumstances and context. This paper provides a summary of information covering falls on the level or from low levels occurring at work, along with recommendations for their prevention. Occupational accident statistics are discussed in terms of the scale and seriousness of the risk, the most affected occupational sectors, and the circumstances under which these accidents occur. The various risk factors (technical, organizational or behavioural) which can cause loss of balance in normal and disrupted working situations are described. These factors have been identified from available literature on the subject or from accident reports. Recommendations for prevention are presented, and guidelines for future study and research are proposed. (76129)

CIS 01-238 Evaluation of three portable floor slipperiness testers. Grönqvist R., Hirvonen M., Tohv A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.85-95. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Valid and reliable in situ tests of floorings, walkways and stairs are needed for routine control of slipping and falling risks and for monitoring the effects of preventive actions at the workplaces. The validity, precision and consistency of coefficient of friction (COF) measurements taken with three different types of portable in situ floor slipperiness testers were evaluated. The precision and consistency of the pendulum-type instrument was acceptable but was reduced at higher COF levels. The validity of the pendulum for pedestrian slip resistance measurement must be improved. The articulated-strut instrument was more valid but less consistent and precise than the pendulum. The overall performance of the towed sled was poor. None of the instruments were able to meet their claimed technical specifications. The present study indicates that there is an urgent need to design more credible in situ flooring testers. (76130)

CIS 01-239 National Seminar on Boilers in the 21st Century - Towards more efficiency, safety, economy and environment. Multi Disciplinary Centre on Safety, Health and Environment, C-38, Unit 8, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, India, Mar. 1999. 125p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: economic aspects; India; legislation; pollution control; power generation and distribution; preventive maintenance; safety and productivity; safety by design; steam boilers; welding and cutting. (76058)

CIS 01-240 Limiting the instance of fly-rock from quarry operations. Hillier D.E., Hollywell P.D., Jeffries R.M., Scott I.M.B., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. viii, 111p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 32.50., ISBN 0-7176-2483-8 (In English)

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Fly-rock is defined as material blasted away from explosion sites. The objective of this study was to develop a working method or procedure to manage fly-rock risk, based on a blend of safety management issues, including human factors, technological solutions such as a probabilistic approach and engineering controls to enable the industry to effectively control fly-rock. (76288)

CIS 01-241 Walkway collapse at Port Ramsgate. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. iv, 95p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: GBP 12,50., ISBN 0-7176-1747-5 (In English)

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Report on the investigation into the walkway collapse at Port Ramsgate on 14 September 1994 causing the death of six persons and where seven persons received multiple injuries. The immediate causes of the collapse were fatigue of the walkway, poor quality of the welds and overall inappropriate design of the walkway. The underlying causes were failure of the major parties engaged in the project to carry out their respective functions adequately (risk assessment, monitoring, preventive action). (76207)

CIS 01-242 Retrofitting of roll-over protective structures, restraining systems and their attachment points to mobile work equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 1999. 2p. 7 ref. (In English)

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Accident statistics indicate that compact dumpers, agricultural tractors and variable reach rough terrain trucks present a high risk of roll-over, and therefore require priority attention for the retrofitting of protective systems. For the main categories of existing mobile equipment, this information sheet outlines the technical and legal requirements for the design and fitting of roll-over protective structures, restraining systems and associated attachment points. It is aimed at manufacturers of protective equipment as well as to users and hirers of mobile work equipment who intend to retrofit these protective systems. (76246)

CIS 01-243 NIOSH Alert - Preventing injuries and deaths of workers who operate or work near forklifts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Dec. 1999. 9p. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Each year in the United States nearly 100 workers are killed and 20,000 are seriously injured in forklift truck related accidents. Between 1980 and 1994, 22% of the deaths were caused by roll-overs, 20% by strikes from trucks, 16% by victims being crushed by trucks and 9% by falls from trucks. Accident investigations indicate that many workers and their employers were not aware of the risks or were not following proper prevention procedures. This information booklet outlines the current legal obligations of employees in the United States with respect to forklift truck driver training, maintenance and operations. It includes seven cases of fatalities involving forklift trucks, together with conclusions and recommendations. Safe work practices are described. The importance of worker training is stressed. (76277)

CIS 01-244 Practical safety data sheet. Elevated platforms for work at low heights. (French: Fiche pratique de sécurité. Plates-formes de travail pour travaux de faible hauteur) Travail et sécurité, June 1998, No.573, p.53-56. Illus. 5 ref. Also available as an offprint from the INRS. (In French)

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Topics: building industry; built-up scaffolds; data sheet; falls from heights; France; legal aspects; mobile platforms; scaffold platforms; standard. (76017)

CIS 01-245 The guide to safe use of power-operated paper-cutting guillotines. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Nov. 1999. vi, 74p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1707-6 (In English)

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Power-operated paper-cutting guillotines are widely used in the paper and printing industries. They have caused serious accidents, including amputation, bruising and crushing. This safety guide contains practical advice on safe working with of guillotines. Topics covered: machine and safeguard types, hazards and accidents; advice for users; guidance on competencies; technical standards; advice for the manufacturers and suppliers of new machines. Replaces CIS 91-317. (76135)

CIS 01-246 Preparing cattle for slaughter. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, July 1999. 2p. (In English)

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In order to minimize risks of meat contamination with bacteria such a E. coli O 157, farmers are required to ensure that cattle sent to slaughterhouses are in a state of cleanliness compatible with hygiene standards. This may require clipping, which involves risks of crushing, kicking or butting. This information sheet provides general advice to livestock farmers on how to keep cattle clean by applying good husbandry techniques, thereby reducing the need for clipping, and on controlling the risks should clipping be necessary. (76243)

CIS 01-247 Handling and housing cattle. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. 4p. 2 ref. (In English)

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Handling cattle involves risks of injury from crushing, kicking or butting. Between 1994 and 1996, 23 persons were killed by cattle in the United Kingdom, and nearly one in 15 reported non-fatal injuries in agriculture involved cattle. This information sheet provides general advice for farmers on the safe handling of adult cattle. Contents include legal requirements in the United Kingdom, risks of injury, requisites of persons handling cattle, handling facilities and equipment and the types of animals, with emphasis on the particular risks from bulls. (76244)

CIS 01-248 Construction site transport safety: Safe use of compact dumpers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2000. 4p. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Compact dumpers are involved in approximately one third of all construction transport equipment accidents, causing frequent injuries and deaths, particularly among drivers. The main causes of accidents are overturning on slopes, inadequate maintenance of braking systems and lack of driver training. This information sheet is aimed at users and leasers of mobile work equipment who have legal duties with respect to accident prevention, and outlines the precautions necessary to ensure the safe use of compact dumpers. Contents include: legal requirements in the United Kingdom; driver protection; safe working practices; safe driving practices. (76275)

CIS 01-249 Accidents at woodworking machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. 2p. 9 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet summarizes the results of the analysis of nearly 1,000 accidents involving woodworking machines in the United Kingdom over an 18-month period. Among these accidents, 73% occurred in the timber and furniture industries, and 50% took place in small enterprises. Circular saws, planing machines and vertical spindle moulding machines were involved in 69% of cases. The number of accidents are expressed as a function of the size of the company, by machine type and by the age of injured workers. The importance of training is emphasized. (76242)

CIS 01-250 Circular saw benches - Safe working practices. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. 4p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 1,000 accidents with woodworking machines in the United Kingdom, 35% occurred at circular saw benches, with most resulting in the amputation of fingers. This information sheet provides practical guidance on safe working practices at circular saw benches, and outlines the responsibilities of employers with respect to risk assessment and preventive actions under the current regulations applicable in the United Kingdom. Contents include: legal requirements; workpiece support; use of push-sticks; use of power feed; guarding and safe working practices during various cutting operations. (Replaces CIS 93-325): (76274)

CIS 01-251 Slips and trips: Summary guidance for catering industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1998. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Slips account for about 86% of the total slips and trips. In 90% of the cases, the floor is wet. This information sheet lists the various causes of slips and trips (environmental, organizational, individual or shoe factors) and practical measures for slip risk control in each situation. Replaces CIS 97-656. (76282)

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CIS 01-252 Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in astronaut saliva during spaceflight. Payne D.A., Mehta S.K., Tyring S.K., Stowe R.P., Pierson D.L., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.70, No.12, p.1211-1213. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Astronauts experience psychological and physical stresses that may result in reactivation of latent viruses during spaceflight, potentially increasing the risk of disease among crewmembers. In order to test the hypothesis that the level of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the saliva of astronauts increases during spaceflight, a total of 534 saliva specimens were collected from 11 EBV-seropositive astronauts before, during, and after four space shuttle missions. The presence of EBV DNA in saliva was assessed by polymerase chain reaction. The findings were that EBV DNA was detected more frequently before flight than during or after flight. No significant difference between the inflight and postflight periods was detected in the frequency of occurrence of EBV DNA. In conclusion, the increased frequency of shedding of EBV before flight suggests that stress levels may be greater before launch than during or after spaceflight. (76036)

CIS 01-253 Allergic contact dermatitis from hydrangea - Is it so rare?. Avenel Audran M., Hausen B.M., le Sellin J., Ledieu G., Verret J.L., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 2000, Vol.43, No.4, p.189-191. 15 ref. (In English)

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Eight cases of allergic contact dermatitis from the ornamental plant Hydrangea macrophylla observed in Angers, France, during a period of 15 years are reported and compared to other cases described in literature. Allergic contact dermatitis from hydrangeas appears to be an occupational dermatosis among nursery workers, presenting as a chronic eczema involving the hands and especially the first 3 fingers. Differential diagnosis from irritant contact dermatitis may be difficult. Patch tests with the stem as well as the leaf of hydrangeas gave strong positive reactions in all patients, and hydrangenol, the allergen of hydrangea, when tested, always also gave a positive reaction. Sensitization seems to occur after prolonged contact with the plant, which could explain the relative frequency in Angers, a city that provides almost 90% of hydrangea seedling production in France. (75991)

CIS 01-254 Enzyme allergy: Standards for airborne exposure in the workplace?. Doekes G., Houba R., Heederik D., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Nov. 1998, Vol.48, No.11, p.480-484. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Microbial enzymes are used in the detergent and food industries. They are considered to be a risk factor in the development of occupational asthma. A number of studies have shown that sensitization may occur at concentrations lower than the present Dutch exposure limit of 60ng/m³. Dose-response relationships published for the fungal enzyme alpha-amylase are used to show that this enzyme can induce specific IgE responses and symptoms of allergic respiratory diseases at mean exposure levels of less than 1 to 2ng/m³. Further studies are needed to clarify whether sensitization was due to these mean levels or to repeated short peak exposures of 10 to 100ng/m³ or more which are most likely to occur with some frequency. The enzyme alpha-amylase is used in bakeries to improve the baking quality of the dough. It is derived from the mould Aspergillus oryzae. (76153)

CIS 01-255 Worker attitude and surveillance of accidental exposure to blood at the Yopougon Abidjan University Hospital Centre. (French: Comportement et surveillance des salariés victimes d'accidents avec exposition au sang au C.H.U. de Yopougon, Abidjan) Yéboué-Kouamé B.Y., Bonny J.S., Wognin S.B., Kouassi M., Sylla T., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Oct. 1998, Vol.59, No.6, p.413-416. 4 ref. (In French)

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Accidental exposure to blood is frequent at the University Hospital Centre of Yopougon, Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Currently, 45.3% of the hospital employees (mostly women) have a history of accidental exposure to blood. By socio-occupational group, percentages are: nurses (30.8%), midwives (30.7%), maintenance workers (19.2%). Units where exposure is most common are: gynecology and obstetrics, maintenance, paediatrics. The most frequent causal factors are empty needles and venous puncture procedures. Medicolegal procedures are not followed correctly. Prevention of accidental exposure to blood must be reinforced at the Yopougon University Hospital. (76044)

CIS 01-256 A protocol system for testing biohazardous materials in an impact biomechanics research facility. Duma S.M., Rudd R.W., Crandall J.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.629-634. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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This article presents a protocol system, comprising a review process and a series of checklists, that was developed for testing cadaveric tissue in an impact biomechanics research facility. The use of cadaveric tissue may expose personnel to bloodborne pathogens including HIV and hepatitis B, which have been shown to remain virulent in a cadaver for several weeks after death. To minimize exposure risks, the protocol system presented emphasizes initial blood screening to keep infectious tissue from entering the laboratory, and adopts universal precautions to prevent exposure by treating all tissue as though it were infected. All laboratory employees must read, sign and demonstrate proficiency with the protocol. Well-developed test procedures for the handling of biohazardous materials along with an annual individual protocol review have proven effective for the preceding six years in minimizing exposure risks. (76114)

CIS 01-257 Laboratory animal allergy. Hollander A., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Nov. 1998, Vol.48, No.11, p.469-472. 9 ref. (In English)

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Workers exposed to small experimental animals in research establishments were tested with 4 occupational allergens (rat urine, rat fur, mouse urine and mouse fur) and 5 common allergens (grass and tree pollen, cat and dog fur and house dust mites). Total IgE and specific IgE to rat and mouse urinary allergens were determined. The levels of exposure to respirable dust during specific tasks and the entire work shift were measured. A questionnaire was applied to determine the personal history of allergic symptoms, smoking habits and contact with laboratory and domestic animals. A total of 540 laboratory workers exposed to small experimental animals such as mice and rats participated in the study. A significant relationship between the level of exposure to rat urinary aeroallergens as well as atopy of laboratory workers and sensitization to rat allergens was found. A significant relationship was also observed between elevated total IgE and the occurrence of rat and mouse allergy. A higher prevalence of sensitization to rat allergens was found for male workers and smokers but this association was statistically not significant. (76152)

CIS 01-258 Legal aspects of vaccination in occupational medicine in 1998. (French: Aspects jurisprudentiels et réglementaires de la vaccination en médecine du travail en 1998) Benbrik E., Dômont A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Mar. 1999, Vol.60, No.1, p.1-12. 8 ref. (In French)

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Occupational physicians in France may in the future be responsible for prescribing (as they are currently for administering) vaccinations. Since the Hédreul judgment (25 February 1997), legal practice has modified the physician's duty to inform and has put the burden of proof on the physician. This reversal may lead to a changing relationship between workers and occupational physicians, making the French system similar to that prevailing in the United States. (76045)

CIS 01-259 Bacillus thuringiensis. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xv, 105p. Approx. 320 ref. Price: CHF 27.00 (CHF 18.90 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157217-5 (In English)

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that has the ability to produce protein parasporal cystalline inclusions, which are toxic to the larvae of certain insect species. It is also a source of genes for transgenic expression of pest resistance. Bt is used in some pesticide formulations, resulting in respiratory and skin exposure to agricultural workers. Field studies indicate no adverse health effects from Bt exposure, and given the mode of action of Bt products, they are unlikely to pose any hazard to humans and vertebrates, or to non-target invertebrates. Contents include: biological properties and analytical methods; mode of action on target insects; habitats; commercial production; effects on animals; exposure and effects on humans; evaluation of human health risks and effects on the environment. Summaries in French and in Spanish. (76132)

CIS 01-260 Air conditioning and health. (French: Climatisation et santé) Parat S., Perdrix A., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 1999, No.122, 6p. Illus. 71 ref. (In French)

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Topics: aerosols; air conditioner disease; air conditioning; aspergillosis; bacterial toxins; bronchiolitis; data sheet; encyclopaedia; exposure evaluation; exposure tests; extrinsic allergic alveolitis; filter dust collectors; France; health hazards; immuno-allergy; interleukins; legionellosis; mycotoxins; organic dust; risk factors; sick building syndrome; workplaces. (76013)

CIS 01-261 Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) infection resulting from ocular exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, May 1999. 4p. (In English)

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Persons in contact with macaque monkeys are at risk of infection from Cercopithecine herpesvirus (B virus). These infections can be fatal, approximately 40 known cases of fatal human B virus infections being described in medical literature. This information sheet describes the case of a scientific research worker having been infected by a monkey through liquid entering her eye, with a fatal outcome. It describes preventive measures that need to be taken by persons exposed to macaque monkeys, with emphasis on eye protection. (76249)

CIS 01-262 Safe use of pneumatic air tube transport systems for pathology specimens. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. 3p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Pathology specimens may present infectious, chemical or radiation hazards. This information sheet provides advice to persons using pneumatic air tube transport systems to deliver pathology specimens within various sections of a hospital, for example between operating theatres and pathology laboratories. Contents include: general description of pneumatic air tube transport systems; employers' legal responsibilities with respect to risk assessment and preventive action in the United Kingdom; assessing risks; spillage containment and clean-up procedures; employee information and training. (76241)

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CIS 01-263 Performance of red-green color deficient subjects on the Holmes-Wright lantern (type A) in photopic viewing. Birch J., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.70, No.9, p.897-901. 17 ref. (In English)

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The Holmes-Wright lantern is an approved occupational colour vision test for airline pilots within the European Union and for specific occupations in the British Armed Forces. The colours shown are red, green and white signal lights. The Holmes-Wright lantern is a sensitive screening test for red-green colour deficiency in photopic viewing and the pass/fail level is similar to that of the Farnsworth Lantern (Falant) if the same scoring method is applied. 138 colour deficient subjects identified with the lshihara plates and diagnosed with the Nagel anomaloscope completed a colour vision test battery which included three runs of the nine colour pairs of the Holmes-Wright lantern at high brightness in normal room illumination. The Holmes-Wright lantern was found to be a sensitive screening test for red-green colour deficiency. Although a similar percentage of anomalous trichromats fail the Holmes-Wright lantern as fail the Falant, the superior correlation between the Holmes-Wright result and other colour vision tests designed to grade the severity of colour deficiency suggests that the two lantern results are not equivalent. (76079)

CIS 01-264 Physiological strain of wearing aluminized protective clothing at rest in young, middle-aged and older men. Marszalek A., Smolander J., Sołtyński K., Sobolewski A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.2, p.195-202. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to assess the thermal strain of wearing radiation protective clothing as a function of age. The subjects were 24 healthy men similar in daily physical activity, body size and subcutaneous fat thickness, divided into three groups: young, middle-aged and older. Subjects rested in a sitting position for 60min in a climatic chamber in two experiments with WBGT of around 29°C that represented a low stress (LS, low radiant heat and little clothing) and high stress (HS, high radiant heat and aluminized protective clothing). The findings indicate that heat stress conditions did not cause marked heat strain, which seemed to be within acceptable limits for all age groups. Healthy older men were able to tolerate the heat stress tests as well as young and middle-aged men. However, ratings of thirst in the oldest group may indicate a greater risk for dehydration. (76124)

CIS 01-265 Assessment of perceived traumatic injury hazards during drywall hanging. Pan C.S., Chiou S.S., Hsiao H., Wassell J.T., Keane P.R., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.29-37. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The objective was to identify plasterboard handling tasks and activities perceived as hazardous by workers. In the questionnaire survey, three installation plasterboard mounting tasks were included: on the ceiling, on the upper half of the wall and on the lower half of the wall. Each of the three tasks were divided into 10 to 12 constituent activities. Supportive elevated equipment was also evaluated. Workers rated the tasks and elevated equipment in regard to fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struck by or against objects. Results indicate that all the ratings of fall potential, perceived physical stress, and risk of being struckby or against objects while mounting plasterboard on the ceiling were greater than while performing the other two tasks. Activities involving lifting, carrying or holding plasterboard sheets were rated as most physically stressful. Workers perceived greatest physical stress and fall potential when wearing stilts as compared to using ladders or scaffolds. (76127)

CIS 01-266 Ergonomics problems in call centres. (German: Ergonomieprobleme in Call Centern) Menzler-Trott E., Computer Fachwissen für Betriebs- und Personalräte, Dec. 1998, Vol.7, No.12, p.10-16. Illus. (In German)

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A call centre which provides advice to customers and accepts telephone orders for the purchase of components for digital television sets is used to illustrate the shortcomings of workplace design and the stress faced by employees in call centres. The call centre with 36 workstations is accommodated in an open-plan office. Each workstation is equipped with a computer and a 21-inch visual display unit in addition to the telephone. The workers have to handle a minimum of three programmes simultaneously on the computer. The visual display units assume much space on the tables leaving very little room for the arms and hands to rest. There is no local illumination and no sound isolation. Pay is low. Time pressure and pressure to achieve a large number of purchase orders are high. Pain in the neck, shoulder and arm, headaches and eyestrain are frequently reported by workers. In addition, job dissatisfaction is high. Aside from an improvement of the ergonomic workplace design it is recommended to train workers to improve their communication skills and to pay them in accordance with their performance. (76174)

CIS 01-267 Spinal symptoms in aviators and their relationship to G-exposure and aircraft seating angle. Drew W.E.D., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2000, Vol.71, No.1, p.22-30. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Aviator spinal symptoms related to G-exposure such as neck pain may limit flying performance. An anonymous survey was conducted to better establish the nature and degree of these symptoms. High-performance (HP) aviators (fighter pilots) were compared with a control group of non-high performance (NHP) aviators (aircrew of tankers, transports and bombers). No greater incidence of chronic spinal symptoms or disease in the neck or lower back were reported in the HP group as compared with the NHP group. However, 54% of the HP aviators did report acute spinal symptoms, especially neck pain temporally associated with pulling Gz occurring either during or shortly after sorties. 20% of the HP aviators reported that neck symptoms limited their flying performance. The increased seat angle in the F-16 aircraft does not give rise to significant differences in neck symptoms or performance limitation when compared with the F-15. (76192)

CIS 01-268 Study on work load of matrons under shift work in a special nursing home for the elderly. Wakui T., Industrial Health, July 2000, Vol.38, No.3, p.280-288. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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For six healthy matrons in a special nursing home for the elderly (SNH), care working time, heart rate, walking steps, estimated energy expenditure and working time in different postures were determined during day and night shift work. Although the time on duty, working and recess were significantly longer in night shift work, the percentages of working and recess time to duty time were similar. The maximum, minimum and mean heart rate were similar. The estimated total energy expenditure was significantly higher in night shift work; however work intensity was significantly higher in day shift work. The longest length and larger percentage of working time were observed in standing posture in each shift work. These findings suggest that physical activity and energy expenditure of matrons under either shift work in the SNH are high. (75996)

CIS 01-269 Labelling of garments in the store - A case study in ergonomics. (French: Etiqueter des vêtements en magasin - Une étude de cas en ergonomie) Jean C., Travail et santé, Dec. 1998, Vol.14, No.4, p.16-20. Illus. 3 réf. (In French)

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Topics: ergonomic evaluation; hand; job study; labelling; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; repetitive work; retail trade; shoulder; textile, garment and related trades workers; women; work posture; wrist. (76018)

CIS 01-270 Evaluation of bent-handled files. Hsu S.H., Chen Y.H., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.1-10. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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Files are hand tools extensively used in the manufacturing industry. However, the conventional flat file with a straight handle frequently causes excessive ulnar deviation of the user's wrist. Therefore, repetitive and long-time use of the file is likely to inflict the user with cumulative trauma disorders at the upper extremities, in particular with carpal tunnel syndrome. A novel bent-handled flat file, designed from an ergonomic perspective, is presented and tested to verify its effectiveness according to five criteria: working posture, productivity, precision, the degree of right-arm fatigue, and the user's subjective ratings. Results indicate that the bent-handled flat file is superior because it sustains the operator's forearm and hand in a neutral position, reduces the degree of right-arm fatigue and is preferred by the users. The other two criteria show no significant difference. The ergonomically friendly files (with the handles bent from 50° to 70°) ensure optimal use. (76125)

CIS 01-271 Ergonomics in the design of assembly processes. (Spanish: Ergonomía en el diseño de procesos de ensamble) Helander M., Gamboa J.I., Protección y seguridad, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.45, No.267, p.43-50. Illus. (In Spanish)

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In manufacturing industries, the design of a product should be made in a way to facilitate assembly and avoid occupational hazards. Productivity of manual or automatic assembly can be increased by limiting the number of components and parts, and by facilitating handling by the design of elements which are easy to hold, easy to position (symmetrical parts), easy to assemble, stable and long-lasting. The time needed for the assembly process depends on the design of the different parts of the product. Human factors have to be taken into account when designing an assembly process: these include characteristics which reduce the time needed for the worker to process the information (tactile, auditive and visual feedback), the spatial configuration of the workplace and the worker's satisfaction, which is certainly the most difficult aspect to achieve (see also CIS 96-383). (76217)

CIS 01-272 Differences in the association between psychosocial work conditions and physical work load in female and male-dominated occupations. Josephson M., Pernold G., Ahlberg-Hultén G., Härenstam A., Vingård E., Waldenström M., Hjelm E.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.673-678. 31 ref. (In English)

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This study investigated the relationship between physical work load and psychosocial work factors, and whether this relationship is different for women and men. Separate analyses for female registered nurses and assistant nurses were made because these are common occupations involving high physical and psychological demands. The exposure assessments referred to a typical workday during the previous 12 months. Physical exposure was investigated by interview, psychosocial work factors by interview and questionnaire. For women but not men, mainly routine work and a job strain situation increased the probability of having a high physical work load. In female-dominated occupations, high physical work load might also imply adverse psychosocial conditions. A higher frequency of high physical work load and job strain was observed among assistant nurses compared with registered nurses. Covariance between physical and psychosocial demands makes it difficult to determine the relative influence of each in health problems. Results of the present study imply that this is a larger problem in studies of women than men. (76118)

CIS 01-273 Stoop or squat: A review of biomechanical studies on lifting technique. van Dieën J.H., Hoozemans M.J.M., Toussaint H.M., Clinical Biomechanics, Dec. 1999, Vol.14, No.10, p.685-696. 116 ref. (In English)

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The squat technique is the most widely advised lifting technique to prevent low back pain. Biomechanical studies comparing the stoop and squat technique were systematically reviewed. Spinal compression as indicated by intra-discal pressure and spinal shrinkage appeared not significantly different between the two lifting techniques. Net moments and compression forces based on model estimates were found to be equal or somewhat higher in squat than in stoop lifting. Only when the load could be lifted from a position in between the feet did squat lifting cause lower net moments, although the studies reporting this finding had a marginal validity. Shear force and bending moments acting on the spine appeared lower in squat lifting. Net moments and compression forces during lifting reach magnitudes, that can probably cause injury, whereas shear forces and bending moments remained below injury threshold in both techniques. In conclusion, the biomechanical literature does not provide support for advocating the squat technique as a means of preventing low back pain. (76120)

CIS 01-274 Is there a general energy measure of the different injuries impacting people?. (Russian: Su¿čestvuet li obščaja ėnergetičeskaja mera različnyh avarijnyh poražajuščih vozdejstvij na čeloveka?) Savin V.F., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, June 1999, No.6, p.29-32. 4 ref. (In Russian)

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Following an idea attributed to O. A. Balandin, this article develops arguments supporting the existence of a specific amount of energy (1 to 2.5J/kg of body weight) which when absorbed by the human body will lead to harmful effects regardless of the energy form (mechanical, electrical, penetrating radiation and possibly chemical, but not thermal). This is attributed to intercellular contacts in the target region of the body subjected to these energy sources. (76262)

CIS 01-275 Quarry vehicle access and egress - An ergonomics study. Caws A., Kupper A., Heasman T., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. viii, 47p. Illus. 19 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2489-7 (In English)

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This report contains the results of a study investigating problems experienced by drivers entering or leaving the cabs of large quarry vehicles. Recent statistics show a high injury risk associated with slips, trips and falls. Telephone interviews were conducted and site visits organized in order to observe the range of vehicles and the methods of access and egress used. It was found that in many cases the standard basic dimensions of the access systems were not satisfied, and in particular the height of the first step: of 13 vehicles evaluated, none met the requirement for the basic dimension (400mm); all but two met the requirements for maximum height. Recommendations are made to manufacturers to integrate ergonomics early in their design process. (76289)

CIS 01-276 Work and time - Working under non-typical schedules. (Dutch: Werk in tijd - Ploegenarbeid en flexibele uurroosters; French: Le travail et le temps - Le travail en horaires atypiques) Léonard R., Institut National de Recherche sur les Conditions de Travail, rue de la Concorde 60, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 265p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 90-801976-9-6 (ne), ISBN 90-804351-1-2 (fr) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; circadian rhythm; European Communities; fatigue; gastric disorders; health hazards; legislation; morbidity; mortality; neurovegetative disorders; night work; part-time employment; shift work; sleep; social aspects; telecommuting; women; work organization; work-rest schedules. (76061)

CIS 01-277 Ergonomics, health and safety - Conditions of work and the environment. (French: Ergonomie, hygiène et sécurité - Conditions de travail et environnement) Bernard C.P., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P. 138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 36th ed., 2000. 1304p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: FRF 1202.70 (VAT included + FRF 70.00 postage)., ISBN 2-908191-17-2 (In French)

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This reference manual is intended both as an encylopaedia for the scientific improvement of health and the quality of work as well as a practical guide to occupational safety and health in France. Five main sections cover: (1) safety and heath organization and management; (2) occupational hygiene, ergonomics and safety in the enterprise; (3) guide to safety and health techniques; (4) guide to hazardous or doubtful substances; and (5) guide to environmental protection. Previous edition: CIS 99-1866. (76109)

CIS 01-278 Evaluating change in exposure to risk for musculoskeletal disorders - A practical tool. Li G., Buckle P., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. ii, 75p. Illus. 170 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-1722-X (In English)

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The aim of this research was to develop a user-friendly tool for the assessment of physical exposure to risks for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). Based on investigations of users' needs through group discussions and questionnaire surveys, and on literature analysis, the main criteria for WMSD exposure assessment were identified. The resulting tool consists of a few questions to be answered by the observer and by the worker. It is simple and quick to use, requiring only a few minutes of time for practitioners who conduct the risk assessment through observation, and for the workers who have direct experience through the performance of the task. (76150)

CIS 01-279 A personal measurement system for the automatic determination of the load on the spinal column during occupational tasks. (German: Personengebundenes Messsystem zur automatisierten Erfassung von Wirbelsäulenbelastungen bei beruflichen Tätigkeiten) Ellegast R.P., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, Dec. 1998. 149p. Illus. 94 ref., ISBN 3-88383-507-2 (In German)

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A personal measuring system to establish the extent of strain placed on the spinal column at the workplace was developed, in the framework of a feasibility study. The objective was to devise a system that could work in practice and that could be used at as many different workplaces as possible, with a view to obtaining measurements related to the strain placed on the spinal column as a result of professional activities. The measuring system developed should provide Berufsgenossenschaften with sufficient support both establishing occupational health risks and, in particular, in making specific information available on strain at nonstationary workplaces. (76178)

CIS 01-280 Night work. (Dutch: Nachtarbeid; French: Travail de nuit) Ministère fédéral de l'emploi et du travail, rue Belliard 51, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 31p. (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; circadian rhythm; data sheet; legal aspects; night work; responsibilities of employers; shift work; sleep; social aspects; women. (76063)

CIS 01-281 Proceedings of the international conference on computer-aided ergonomics and safety - May 19th-21st 1999, Barcelona, Spain. Mondelo P., Mattila M., Karwowski W., eds., Institut d'Organització i Control de Sistemes Industrials, Universitat politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 1999. CD-ROM for Pentium PC. (In English)

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CD-ROM of the proceedings of the international conference on computer-aided ergonomics and safety (CAES'99), held on 19st to 21st May 1999, in Barcelona, Spain. Main topics coved: job analysis, human modelling and software tools; human factors; ergonomic design applications; computer-aided ergonomics; assessment of physical workload; user interfaces; postural analysis; intelligent systems; virtual technology; accident prevention and safety; information systems for safety and health; macroergonomic design issues; handtool ergonomics; ergonomic job and workplace design; Internet, multimedia and safety; computer-aided biomechanics. (75999)

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CIS 01-282 Determinants of enlisted air traffic controller success. Carretta T.R., Siem F.M., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.70, No.9, p.910-918. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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This paper provides a brief historical overview of air traffic controller (ATC) selection, reviews current U.S. Air Force (USAF) selection procedures for enlisted ATC trainees, and summarizes the results of three recent studies. The current selection composite demonstrated acceptable validity for predicting apprentice-level training performance. Alternative cut-score analyses revealed that raising the minimum qualifying score in order to reduce attrition by 5% would lead to an unacceptable 20% reduction in the number of eligible ATC candidates. Results of a survey of enlisted ATCs indicated they were generally satisfied and motivated. In addition, they identified several abilities required for on-the-job performance that are not measured by current USAF selection methods. These included memorization and retention of new information, spatial orientation/visualization, ability to work well in stressful environments, ability to shift between two or more sources of information, and ability to combine and organize information. Implications for ATC selection and training as well as future research directions are discussed. (76080)

CIS 01-283 Documention on occupational stress. (French: Une base documentaire sur le stress professionnel) Chouanière D., Jolibois S., Mouzé-Amadi M., Grandjean F., François M., Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1998, No.579, p.8-11. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: computer applications; computerized data bases; health hazards; internet document; literature survey; mental stress; stress studies. (76064)

CIS 01-284 Creating notifications tailored for individual workers by using a database: A conceptual framework and its application. Mishima N., Iwata N., Shimizu T., Industrial Health, July 2000, Vol.38, No.3, p.331-337. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Although prevention strategies to assure good mental heath in the workplace have become important, worker notification in studies using psychometric tests has rarely been discussed. Until now, it has proven difficult to prepare a large number of notifications for individual workers. A system to create notifications that explain the results for individual workers in plain language using a relational database (RDB) is described. Firstly, scores for each test are divided into categories and the workers' data are classified. Next, explanations are written for each category. The RDB integrates all data and prints the document. This system has a high potential for use in occupational health care and other fields. An example of its application is provided. (75998)

CIS 01-285 Quality of life at work and mental health of 3279 employees of small and medium sized undertakings of the Paris area. (French: Qualité de vie au travail et santé mentale de 3279 salariés de petites et moyennes entreprises de la région parisienne) Jacquinet-Salord M.C., Segalen M., Manillier P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Oct. 1998, Vol.59, No.6, p.389-394. 12 ref. (In French)

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The purpose of this study was to assess the state of mental health among workers in the Paris region and to demonstrate a possible relationship with the actual work experience. The survey covered a group of 3,279 employees of small- and medium-sized undertakings using a standard questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and the perception of working conditions. Mental health evaluation was carried out using the Langner and Amiel total health test. The mental health judgement relative to actual work experiences was generally satisfactory, particularly in the higher socio-professional categories. A relationship was also noted between mental health, on one hand, and level of autonomy, intra-company communications, and environmental factors, on the other. (76041)

CIS 01-286 Socio-environmental effects on warnings. Leonard S.D., Karnes E.W., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3 Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.1, p.11-18. 5 ref. (In English)

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Warnings signs and notices provide important information about the hazards that are faced in a variety of circumstances. However, this information may be modified extensively by previous experiences and by the specific context in which the warning is presented. Two experiments evaluated the effect of prior experience and of the presence of colleagues on perception of risk. One experiment examined perception of risk for the same signs under different circumstances. The second experiment evaluated the degree of seriousness the participants thought were implied by warnings as a function of the presence or absence of requests for compliance. Although no dependable difference was found in a preliminary test of perception of risk, later ratings showed differences as a function of the requirement for compliance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of reinforcement of warnings by behaviour modelling and by physical barriers. (76126)

CIS 01-287 Psychological reserves of increase of reliability in oil-processing and petrochemical enterprises. (Russian: Psihologičeskie rezervy povyšenija nadežnosti neftepererabatyvajuščih i neftehimičeskih predprijatij) Duljasova M.V., Habibullina Z.I., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Mar. 2000, No.3, p.46-47. (In Russian)

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This article explores the potential for psychological resources in accident prevention in industries such as petroleum refining and petrochemicals, which involve working with dangerous and toxic materials. Human factors may account for up to 70% of accidents. Therefore, personal traits such as memory, attention, sensorimotor capacity, sense of responsibility, care, competence and self-control are evaluated as to their importance for machine operators, engineers and foremen. Insufficiencies in some of theses traits may lead to occupational diseases and accidents, to poor work achievements and to high staff turnover. (76270)

CIS 01-288 How many safety cultures are there?. Harvey J., Bolan H., Gregory D., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1999, Vol.17, No.12, p.9-12. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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The hypothesis is advanced that within organizations safety cultures differ in fundamental ways among different groups of employees. A study in the nuclear industry clearly showed that these differences exist. A safety attitude survey involving 1000 respondents to 60 questions was conducted in two plants performing comparable work within the same company. The survey revealed two distinct safety cultures: a management culture and a worker culture, with the worker culture being more negative in their evaluation of most factors. The implications of these findings are discussed, and the importance of better management-worker communication is emphasized. (76279)

CIS 01-289 Remote control. Reed J., Occupational Health, Dec. 1999, Vol.52, No.12, p.22-26. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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Employees that travel frequently for work purposes have significantly higher medical insurance claim rates than their non-travelling colleagues, not only for physical morbidity, but also for psychological illnesses. The article proposes that organizations develop travel health policies, including aims, responsibilities, fitness to travel guidelines, pre-travel preparation, experience of medical service providers, pre-travel education, medical services abroad, post-travel health assessments and the reporting of travel-related diseases. (76280)

CIS 01-290 Risk management through the collaboration of participants at all company levels: Example of sprayed asbestos removal. (French: La gestion des risques dans et par le collectif de travail: l'exemple des chantiers de déflocage) Garrigou A., Mohammed-Brahim B., Daniellou F., Performances Humaines et Techniques, Sep.-Oct. 1998, No.96, p.45-52. Illus. 28 ref. (In French)

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Topics: asbestos removal; building industry; asbestos; cooperation; hazard evaluation; human factors; information of personnel; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; risk factors; role of management; role of supervisory staff; work organization; workers participation. (76015)

CIS 01-291 Attraction of the profession of emergency medical worker. (German: Attraktivität des Berufes Rettungsassistent/Rettungsassistentin) Bals T., Runggaldier K., Sabrowski R., Kröning H., Sören B., Sven G., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, Oct. 1998. 120p. Illus. 150 ref., ISBN 3-89701-246-4 (In German)

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Questionnaires were mailed to 303 young people aspiring to train to become of emergency medical workers, 837 persons currently in training and 1525 trained emergency medical workers. The survey was conducted in order to determine job attractiveness and satisfaction. The trainees liked the variety and independence of the job and the possibility to help others. Most (80%) of the 837 persons who were in training said they would choose the same profession again. They were in general satisfied with the training they received but recommended improvements and changes. Those working as emergency medical workers were satisfied with their job. All 3 groups criticized the lack of opportunities in the job and the lack of recognition by the public. It became apparent that the high physical and mental workloads need to be reduced. (76156)

CIS 01-292 The effects of new ways of working on employees' stress levels. Simpson N., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. x, 78p. 48 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-1741-6 (In English)

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The objective was to investigate the impact of new ways of working on employee stress. Two multinational companies provided access to experimental groups, one for the development of learning organizations and the other on the adoption of hot-desking. Corresponding control groups were formed in each case. The Stress Arousal Check List (SACL) was selected as the tool for measuring levels of stress, and a work environment questionnaire was used to explore attitudes to known stress risk factors. No significant differences were found between experimental and control groups in stress or arousal levels. The recorded stress levels were similar to the published norms for groups in similar occupations. All groups had arousal levels higher than published norms. The "learning organization group" provided more positive responses than the corresponding control group to a number of work environment questions. The research found no evidence that these new ways of working contribute directly to occupational stress. (76276)

CIS 01-293 The implementation of CORE-DATA, a computerized human error probability database. Gibson W.H., Megaw T.D., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Sep. 1999. iv, 67p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-2505-2 (In English)

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The CORE-DATA database has been developed with the objective of providing data on human error probabilities for use in quantitative risk assessment. The development steps consisted of user needs analysis, software development, software testing, usability analysis and data entry. The finalized database is described, together with the ways it could be used by industry, government regulators and consultants. (76144)

CIS 01-294 Risk perception and risk communication: A review of literature. Weyman A.K., Kelly C.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Nov. 1999. iv, 71p. 238 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1720-3 (In English)

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The review reports on the extensive literature on risk perception and risk communication. The main purpose was to summarize the principal insights and conclusions which can be drawn from this analysis of published research, with a view of advising the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom in formulating future policies on the communication of workplace hazards. The findings are that there is little consensus between the main theoretical models, each of which possesses strengths and weaknesses which are critically reviewed. (76149)

CIS 01-295 Research on work-related stress. Cox T., Griffith A., Rial-González E., European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2000. 167p. Illus. Approx. 600 ref. Price: EUR 11.00., ISBN 92-828-9255-7 (In English)

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http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/reports/stress/

This status report commissioned by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work deals with the research evidence regarding the assessment and management of stress at work. It addresses basic issues, such as a definition of stress at work, the way it affects health and well-being and the implications of existing research for the management of work-related stress. The results indicate that work-related stress is a long-term health and safety issue; it can be dealt with in the same logical and systematic way as other health and safety issues. It is proposed that the management of stress at work be based on the adaptation and application of a control cycle approach such as those in contemporary models of risk management. This approach has already been applied in several countries of the European Union. (76181)

CIS 01-296 Organization of welfare policy for workers. (Dutch: Organisatie ven het welzijnbeleid; French: Organisation de la politique du bien-être) Van den Broek K., ed., PREVENT, Institut pour la prévention, la protection et le bien-être au travail, 88 rue Gachard, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 2-87112-053-6 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-51-6 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; comment on law; data sheet; labour-management relations; legal aspects; legislation; responsibilities of employers; role of supervisory staff; safety and health committees; welfare facilities. (76069)

CIS 01-297 Management abilities and skills in the face of change. (Spanish: Actitudes y habilidades de los mandos frente al cambio) Oncins de Frutos M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note analyses the behaviour and role of management in a changing organization and, in particular the skills required to operate in the face of these changes, which include: setting the new structures of the company; defining the new company culture; the supply of information; personal relationships and work climate; motivation and delegation. (76251)

CIS 01-298 Changing attitudes in occupational risk prevention (I): Methods and classification. (Spanish: Cambios de actitud en la prevención de riesgos laborales (I): métodos y clasificación) Prades A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note analyses advantages and limitations of various approaches to induce changes in workers' attitudes, enabling them to adopt a safe behaviour. A model of "social training" is described and an assessment of the relevance of various methods and strategies for promoting prevention is presented (see also CIS 01-299). (76252)

CIS 01-299 Changing attitudes in the workplace risk prevention (II): Operating guide. (Spanish: Cambios de actitud en la prevención de riesgos laborales (II): guía de intervención) Prades A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note on operational approaches to the promotion of changes in workers' attitudes to safe behaviour defines the cases or circumstances for applying each approach for the promotion of safety in the workplace (see also CIS 01-298). (76253)

CIS 01-300 New forms of work organization: The learning organization. (Spanish: Nuevas formas de organizar el trabajo: la organización que aprende) Oncins de Frutos M., Mourenza Barrio T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. Illus. 15 ref. (In Spanish)

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This information note analyses a new model or work organization, the "learning organization". It is a company culture based on knowledge exchange at all levels of the company and on continuous learning, which adapts continuously to the changing requirements of the market as well as of the social and political system. (76259)

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