CIS 00-901 The Work Environment Act and Working Environment Ordinance, with commentary [Sweden]. (Swedish: Arbetsmiljölagen, med kommentarer) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 23rd ed., 2000. 142p., ISBN 91-7522-689-8 (In Swedish)

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This publication contains the Act (SFS 1977:1160, modifications until SFS 1999:841) and the Ordinance (SFS 1977:1166, modifications until SFS 1998:912) concerning the working environment, with extensive commentary. The Act came into force in July 1978 (previous abstract, see CIS 97-1063). It applies to all kinds of work in Sweden, except for work on board ships and work in the employer's home. Contents of the Act: duties of employers and employees regarding the working environment; young workers; co-operation between employers and workers; enforcement; penalties. Special note is made of ordinances which have been amended since the last edition. Contents of the Ordinance: notifications; archives; workplaces common to several enterprises; information of workers; safety activities; enforcement; empowerments; penalties. Relevant sections of the Planning and Building Act (SFS 1987:10, modifications until SFS 1997:1198) and the Criminal Code (SFS 1991:679) are also included. (75097)

CIS 00-902 Decree-Law No.160/99 approving the organic law on the National Centre for the Prevention of Occupational Risks [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n° 160/99 aprova a Lei Orgânica do Centro Nacional de Protecção contra os Riscos Profissionais) Diário da República, 11 May 1999, Series I-A, No.109, p.2443-2450. (In Portuguese)

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Topics: law; occupational safety and health; Portugal; public OSH institutions; role of labour inspection; safety and health organization. (75351)

CIS 00-903 Order No.23 of 27th May 1969 prescribing general hygiene and safety measures in workplaces [Cameroon]. (French: Arrêté n°23 du 27 mai 1969 fixant les mesures générales d'hygiène et de sécurité sur les lieux de travail [Cameroun]) Journal officiel de la République fédérale du Cameroun - Official Gazette of the Federal Republic of Cameroon, 1 June 1969, p.980-991. (In English, French)

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Topics: Cameroon; escape and exit; fire prevention; housekeeping; law; lifting equipment; machinery guarding regulations; mobile fire fighting equipment; occupational safety and health; odour control; odour pollution; plant safety organization; safety checks; sanitary facilities; ventilation; workplaces. (75142)

CIS 00-904 Council of Ministers Regulation No.44 on minimum standards for occupational safety and health protection when using work equipment [Latvia]. (Latvian: Noteikumi par minimālajām darba dro¿ības un veselības aizsardzības prasībām darba aprīkojuma lietošanā) Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 9 Mar. 2000, No.5, p.80-85. (In Latvian)

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This Regulation came into force on 1 July 2000. Topics: equipment, workplaces and operations; Latvia; law; occupational safety and health; responsibilities of employers. (75148)

CIS 00-905 Council of Ministers Regulation No.159 on the use of individual protective measures and devices in the workplace [Latvia]. (Latvian: Noteikumi par individuālo aizsardzības līdzeklu lietušanu darbā) Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 18 Apr. 2000, No.10, p.108-110. (In Latvian)

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Entry in force of this Regulation: 1 Jan. 2001. Topics: equipment, workplaces and operations; Latvia; law; occupational safety and health; responsibilities of employers; tools and work holding devices. (75149)

CIS 00-906 Rules for the assignment of classes of professional risk to branches (subbranches) of the economy [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Pravila otnesenija otraslej (podotraslej) ėkonomiki k klassu professional'nogo riska) Bjulleten' Mintruda Rossii, 1999, No.9, p.29-32. (In Russian)

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Fourteen classes of professional risk are established and industrial sectors accordingly classified by Resolution No.975 approved by the Russian federal government on 31 August 1999. Its purpose is to determine the insurance contributions according to the number of accidents and work-related diseases (compensation payments) recorded during the preceding calendar year. (75273)

CIS 00-907 Royal Order of 4 December 1998 amending the Royal Order of 28 December 1971 establishing the format and the timing limitations for the notification of occupational accidents [Belgium]. (Dutch: 4 December 1998 - Koninklijk besluit tot wijziging van het koninklijk besluit van 28 december 1971 tot vaststelling van het model en de termijn van aangifte van een arbeidsongeval; French: Arrêté royal du 4 décembre 1998 modifiant l'arrêté royal du 28 décembre 1971 établissant le modèle et le délai de déclaration d'accident du travail [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 24 Dec. 1998, Year 168, No.247, p.40823-40830. (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; law; notification of occupational accidents; occupational safety; responsibilities of employers; temporary workers. (75321)

CIS 00-908 Circular providing guidelines for the implementation of regulations on personal protective equipment [Vietnam]. Foreign Investment Laws of Vietnam, 31 Oct. 1998, No.IV, p.743-748. (In English)

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This circular is used to implement provisions of the Labour Code of 1994 (CIS 98-1059) with respect to personal protective equipment. (75322)

CIS 00-909 Decree of 24 September 1998 amending the Working Conditions Decree containing rules on the use of work equipment [Netherlands]. (Dutch: Besluit van 24 september 1998 tot wijziging van het Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit houdende regels inzake arbeidsmiddelen) Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1998, No.589, 34p. (In Dutch)

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This decree implements the provisions of the 95/63/EEC Directive (CIS 96-395) concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work in Dutch legislation. (75324)

CIS 00-910 Official Mexican Standard: Protection systems and safety equipment for machinery and equipment used at the place of work [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana: Sistemas de protección y dispositivos de seguridad en la maquinaria y equipo que se utilice en los centros de trabajo [México]) Diario Oficial de la Federación, 31 May 1999, Vol.DXLVIII, No.20, p.46-56. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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http://www.stps.gob.mx/04_sub_prevision/03_dgsht/normatividad/normas/nom_004.htm

Standard issued in accordance with provisions of the Federal Regulation on Occupational Safety and Health and on the Working Environment (CIS 97-356). It covers: obligations of employers and employees; specific safety and health programme for the operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment; safety devices; monitoring services. Standard NOM-004-STPS-1993 (CIS 95-1954) is replaced. A large number of specific technical standards are also abrogated, including NOM-107-STPS-1994 (CIS 96-1487). (75354)

CIS 00-911 Amendment of 5 May 1999 to the Ordinance of 19 December 1983 on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases [Switzerland]. (French: Modification du 5 mai 1999 de l'ordonnance du 19 décembre 1983 sur la prévention des accidents et des maladies professionnelles [Suisse]; German: Änderung vom 5. Mai 1999, Verordnung über die Unfallverhütung, VUV) Amtliche Sammlung des Bundesrechts - Recueil officiel des lois fédérales, 6 July 1999, No.26, p.1752-1753. (In French, German)

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Ordinance amending the Ordinance of 19 December 1983 on the prevention of occupational accidents (CIS 84-589). It outlines the role of the Swiss Coordination Council ( Koordinationskommission, Commission de coordination) for safety and health matters. (75355)

CIS 00-912 Occupational Health Services [Poland]. Document available from CIS. 4p. (In English)

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English translation of the law abstracted under CIS 99-9. Topics: industrial physicians; information of personnel; law; medical examinations; medical prevention; medical supervision; occupational medicine; plant health organization; plant health services; Poland; translation. (75120)

CIS 00-913 Decree No.198 of 23 February 1999 on the recognition of occupational diseases [Lithuania]. (Russian: Položenie o rassledovanii i včete professional'nyh zabolevanij) Vedomosti Litovskoj Respubliki, 10 Apr. 1999, No.10, p.2-5. (In Russian)

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Topics: law; Lithuania; notification of occupational diseases; occupational diseases; registers of occupational diseases. (75352)

CIS 00-914 Decision No.372/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 February 1999 adopting a programme of Community action on injury prevention in the framework for action in the field of public health (1999 to 2003) [European Communities]. (French: Décision n°372/1999/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 8 fév. 1999, adoptant un programme d'action communautaire relatif à la prévention des blessures dans le cadre de l'action dans le domaine de la santé publique (1999-2003) [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 20 Feb. 1999, Vol.42, No.L 46, p.1-5. (In English, French)

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http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/1999/l_046/l_04619990220en00010005.pdf
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/es/oj/dat/1999/l_046/l_04619990220es00010005.pdf

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/fr/oj/dat/1999/l_046/l_04619990220fr00010005.pdf

Topics: epidemiological aspects; European Communities; international cooperation; law; non-occupational accidents; public OSH institutions; safety and health organization; sports and recreation. (75360)

CIS 00-915 Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 [USA]. United States Code - Congressional and Administrative News, 2nd Session, 100th Congress, 1988, 102 Stat., p.1585-1593. (In English)

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This Act introduces important changes into US Public Law 100-424 related to the safe operation of commercial fishing vessels. The Chapters that are modified, and reprinted, are: Chapter 45 (Uninspected commercial fishing industry vessels) and Chapter 106 (Fishing voyages). (75317)

CIS 00-916 The Merchant Shipping (Safety Officials and Reporting of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences) Regulations 1986 [Bermuda]. Bermuda Official Gazette, 5 Dec. 1986, No.12, p.50-55. (In English)

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Topics: Bermuda; dangerous occurrences; law; notification of occupational accidents; occupational safety; penalties; responsibilities of employers; safety officers; safety service records; ships. (75144)

CIS 00-917 The Merchant Shipping (Ships' Doctors) Regulations 1986 [Bermuda]. Bermuda Official Gazette, 5 Dec. 1986, No.12, p.61-62. (In English)

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Topics: Bermuda; industrial physicians; law; responsibilities of employers; ships. (75145)

CIS 00-918 The Merchant Shipping (Medical Examination) Regulations 1986 [Bermuda]. Bermuda Official Gazette, 5 Dec. 1986, No.12, p.62-65. (In English)

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Topics: Bermuda; inspection; law; medical examinations; occupational medicine; penalties; qualifications; ships. (75146)

CIS 00-919 The Docks Rules, 1962 [Kenya]. Kenya Subsidiary Legislation, 2 Jan. 1962, No.26, Supplement No.1, p.541-563. (In English)

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Topics: dock work; first-aid equipment; Kenya; law; lifting equipment; loading and unloading; machinery guarding regulations; occupational safety and health; ropes; ships. (75147)

CIS 00-920 Resolution No.7 of 7 April 1999 and Standards on the approval of the standards for the maximum levels of manual handling of loads by workers younger than 18 years old [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Postavlenie ot 7 aprelja 1999 g. N°7. Ob utverždenii norm predel'no dopustimyh nagruzok dlja lic molože vosemnadcati let pri pod"eme i peremeščenii tjažestej vručnuju. Normy ...) Ohrana truda i social'noe strahovanie, 1999, No.11, p.49. (In Russian)

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The standards, issued on 7 April 1999, concern workers 14 to 17 years old. They regulate the maximum loads for continuous manual handling during entire shifts as well as for the continuous or discontinuous manual handling during a third of a shift. (75272)

CIS 00-921 Decree-Law No.330-A/98 that transposes the provisions of several European Directives on the convergence of legal, regulatory and administrative provisions with respect to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances into national legislation [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n°330-A/98: transpõe para a ordem jurídica interna [as Directivas CE relativas] à aproximação das disposições legislativas, regulamentares e administrativas respeitantes à classificação, embalagem e rotulagem das substâncias perigosas) Diário da República, 2 Nov. 1998, Series I-A, No.253 (Supplement), p.1-484. (In Portuguese)

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Decree-Law No.330/98 that transposes the provisions of European Union Directives 94/69/EC (CIS 95-809), 96/54/EC (CIS 97-8), and 96/56/EC which modify and adapt to technical progress Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23), on the convergence of legislative, regulatory and administrative provisions with respect to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances, into national legislation. (75327)

CIS 00-922 Decree No.57/98 of the President of the Republic ratifying Convention 162 of the International Labour Organization on the safe use of asbestos [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto do Presidente da República n° 57/98: ratifica a Convenção n° 162 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, sobre a segurança na utilização do amianto, adoptada pela Conferência Internacional do Trabalho em 24 de Junho de 1986) Diário da República, 2 Dec. 1998, Series I-A, No.278, p.6640. (In Portuguese)

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Decree ratifying the Convention (No.162) of the International Labour Organization on the safe use of asbestos adopted by the International Labour Conference of 24 June 1986 (CIS 88-714). (75330)

CIS 00-923 European provisions concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by inland waterway (ADN). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Publications Sales, 1221 Genève 10, Switzerland, 1997. x, 350p. Illus., ISBN 92-1-139059-1 (In English)

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Topics: bulk liquid containers; corrosive substances; dangerous substances; directive; earthing; electricity; European Communities; harmful substances; hazard identification; inland water transport; international agreements; loading and unloading; major hazards; tankers; transport of materials; UN. (75100)

CIS 00-924 Health and Safety: The Gas Safety (Installations and Use) Regulations 1998 [United Kingdom]. Health and Safety Executive, The Stationery Office, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United-Kingdom, 1998. 24p. Price: GBP 4.15., ISBN 0-11-079655-1 (In English)

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These Regulations consolidate and modify British legislation concerning the safe installation and use of gas fittings in order to protect the public from dangers arising from the distribution, supply and use of gas. The 1994 Regulations on the same topic, and their two 1996 amendments, are revoked. (75141)

CIS 00-925 The Health and Safety at Work (Fire Precautions) Regulations 1986 [Bermuda]. Bermuda Official Gazette, 5 Dec. 1986, No.12, p.49-50. (In English)

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Topics: Bermuda; escape and exit; fire drills; fire prevention; fire service organization; law; responsibilities of employers. (75143)

CIS 00-926 Resolution No. 263 of 10th March 1999 and Rules on the organization and implementation of industrial safety control at a major hazard installation [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Postavlenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 10 marta 1999 g. N°263. Ob organizacii i osuščestvlenii proizvodstvennogo kontrolja za sobljudeniem trebovanij promyšlennoj bezopasnosti na opasnom proizvodstvennom ob"ekte. Pravila ...) Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1999, No.9, p.55-57. (In Russian)

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Resolution and associated rules developed in accordance with Article 11 of the Federal Law on Industrial Safety of Hazardous Industrial Installations, which include conditions, prohibitions, limitations and other imperative requirements arising from laws, regulations and technical standards. They apply to industry as well as to installations of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They refer to the prevention of accidents and preparedness for accidents. The rules state educational requirements and experience needed for responsible staff as well as their involvement in the planning, design, testing, certification and repair of equipment. (75271)

CIS 00-927 Rules for submission of the industrial safety declaration for major hazard installations [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Pravila predstavlenija deklaracii promyšlennoi bezopasnosti opasnyh proizvodstvennyh ob"ektov) Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1999, No.8, p.56-57. (In Russian)

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The rules for preparing and submitting industrial safety declarations were approved by Government resolution No.526 of 11 May 1999. They cover the procedures of risk assessment, the measures to be taken to prevent accidents, responsibilities, environmental protection and the competent authorities. Submission requirements include a verification by experts. (75274)

CIS 00-928 Regulations for the procedure of the technical investigation of the causes of industrial accidents at major hazard installations [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Položenie o porjadke tehničeskogo rassledovanija pričin avarij na opasnyh proizvodstvennyh ob"ektah) Ohrana truda i social'noe strahovanie, 1999, No.11, p.77-87. (In Russian)

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The document, approved by Resolution No.40 of the Russian Mining and Technology Inspectorate on 8 June 1999, outlines the general provisions, detailed procedure, objectives, participants, reporting requirements and report recipients for technical accident investigations following major accidents in manufacturing installations and pipelines. Forms are provided for the different types of reports required. (75275)

CIS 00-929 Equipment and Protective Systems intended for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Order, 1999 [Malta]. Official Gazette (Malta), 22 June 1999, Legal Notice 107, No.16806, p.B816-B844. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: approval; classification; compliance tests; data sheet; explosion prevention; explosive atmospheres; gases; law; Malta; marking; mists; mixed dust; safety by design; safety devices. (75353)

CIS 00-930 Commission Directive 1999/47/EC of 21 May 1999 adapting for the second time to technical progress Council Directive 94/55/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road [European Communities]. (French: Directive 1999/47/CE de la Commission du 21 mai 1999 portant deuxième adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 94/55/CE du Conseil relative au rapprochement des législations des Etats membres concernant le transport des marchandises dangereuses par route [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 5 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 169, p.1-57. (In English, French)

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Commission Directive 1999/47/EC of 21 May 1999 adapting for the second time to technical progress Council Directive 94/55/EC of 21 November 1994 on the approximation of the laws of Member States with regard to the road transport of dangerous goods (CIS 95-22). (75358)

CIS 00-931 Commission Directive 1999/48/EC of 21 May 1999 adapting for the second time to technical progress Council Directive 96/49/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail [European Communities]. (French: Directive 1999/48/CE de la Commission du 21.5.99 portant deuxième adaptation au progrès technique de la Directive 96/49/CE du Conseil relative au rapprochement des législations des Etats membres concernant le transport de marchandises dangereuses par chemin de fer [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 5 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 169, p.58-87. Illus. (In English, French)

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Commission Directive 1999/48/EC of 21 May 1999 adapting for the second time to technical progress Council Directive 96/49/EC of 23 July 1996 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the rail transport of dangerous goods (CIS 98-408). (75359)

CIS 00-932 Electricity Safety Act 1998 - Act No.25/1998 [Australia - Victoria]. Victoria Acts of Parliament, 1998, Vol.1, p.275-413. (In English)

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Topics: Australia; electric tools; electrical equipment; electrical safety; electricity; inspection; law; notification of occupational accidents; safety and health institutions; safety officers; Victoria; work on electrical equipment. (75328)

CIS 00-933 Ministerial Standard concerning basic occupational health and safety measures applicable to electrical equipment and installations (Electrical hazards) [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Norma Ministerial sobre las disposiciones básicas de higiene y seguridad del trabajo aplicables a los equipos e instalaciones eléctricas (Riesgos eléctricos) [Nicaragua]) La Gaceta - Diario Oficial (Nicaragua), 19 June 2000, Vol.104, No.115, p.3174-3177. (In Spanish)

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This Regulation establishes basic safety standards for electrical equipment and installations, to be applied in conjunction with the Nicaraguan Electrical Installations Code (CIEN). Contents: definitions; obligations of employers; obligations of workers; obligations of contractors and subcontractors; personal protective equipment; training of workers; safety of work tools and equipment; access to electrical installations; work with low and high voltage; work in locales with particular hazards. (75150)

CIS 00-934 Act of 14 April 1999 on protection against ionizing radiation [Bosnia and Herzegovina]. (Serbocroatian: Zakon o zaštiti od jonizirajućih zračenja i radijacionoj sigurnosti) Službene Novine Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, 30 Apr. 1999, Vol.VI, No.15, p.333-339. (In Serbocroatian)

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Topics: Bosnia and Herzegovina; ionizing radiation; law; neighbourhood protection; radiation protection. (75357)

CIS 00-935 Regulations amending the Canada Occupational Safety and Health Regulations [Canada]. (French: Règlement modifiant le Règlement canadien sur la sécurité et la santé au travail [Canada]) Canada Gazette - Gazette du Canada, 23 Dec. 1998, Part II, Vol.132, No.26, p.3190-3195. (In English, French)

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Regulations amending Canadian Regulations on occupational safety and health (CIS 86-1483). It eliminates the exemption from noise exposure level limitations granted to operators of large trucks subject to federal law. Hence, drivers of such trucks will be subject to the noise exposure limit of 87dB(A) already applying to other occupations. (75323)

CIS 00-936 Occupational radiation protection: Final Rule [USA]. Department of Energy, Federal Register, 4 Nov. 1998, Vol.63, No.213, p.59662-59689. (In English)

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The US Department of Energy (DOE) is amending its primary standards for occupational radiation protection. It is doing so because it is changing from a system of contractually-based nuclear safety standards to regulatory-based requirements. This Final Rule codifies requirements in the existing contractually-based standards, clarifies certain issues identified during the implementation of programmes to ensure compliance with the original rule and corrects minor errors. (75329)

CIS 00-937 Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulations 1999 [Australia]. Statutory Rules (Australia), 1999, No.37, p.1-74. (In English)

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Regulations issued under the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Act 1998. Contents: controlled apparatus and facilities (definitions, prescribed activitiy levels); the Radiation Health and Safety Advisory Council and advisory committees (Radiation Health Committee and Nuclear Safety Committee); licences; practices to be followed; reporting and inspection for controlled facilities, apparatus and materials. In schedules: exposure limits for non-ionizing radiation; exempt dealings (with list of exempt activity concentrations and exempt activities of radionuclides, by radionuclide); information needed for facility licenses; specifications for identity cards. (75356)

CIS 00-938 Ordinance No.864 of 1998 to amend Ordinance No.1322 of 1997 concerning the protection of workers against hazards at work involving biological materials [Norway]. (Norwegian: Forskrift om endring i forskrift om vern av arbeidstakerne mot farer ved arbeid med biologiske faktorer) Norsk Lovtidend, 2 Oct. 1998, Part I, Vol.16, No.864, p.1174-1187. (In Norwegian)

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This ordinance amends ordinance No.1322 of 1997 aimed at protecting employees against the dangers linked to the use of biological agents at work (CIS 98-1101). (75325)

CIS 00-939 Ordinance No.1036/98 of 15 December 1998 amending the list of biological agents classified with the aim of preventing occupational risks approved by ordinance No.405/98 of 11 July 1998 [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Portaria n° 1036/98 de 15 de Dezembro 1998, altera a lista dos agentes biológicos classificados para efeitos da prevenção de riscos profissionais, aprovada pela Portaria n° 405/98, de 11 de Julho) Diário da República, 15 Dec. 1998, Series I-B, No.288, p.6835-6843. (In Portuguese)

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This ordinance is used to administer Decree-Law No.84/97 that transposes the 90/679/EEC, 93/88/EEC and 95/30/EC directives on the protection of workers against risks linked to the exposure to biological agents at work into national legal practice (CIS 98-410). In annex: classified list of potentially harmful biological organisms. (75326)

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CIS 00-940 Collection of material safety data sheet for hazardous chemicals - MSDS. Chemical Industry Publishing House, Huixinli 3-hao, Zhaoyang-qu, Beijing-shi, China, 1997. x, 1,735p. Illus. Price CNY 230.00., ISBN 7-5025-1628-X (In Chinese)

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Collection of 1,000 material safety data sheets on hazardous chemicals according to ISO 11014 format (see CIS 95-1069). Topics: chemical hazards; China; compendium; dangerous substances; data sheet; European Communities; explosion hazards; fire hazards; health hazards; ILO; IPCS; labelling; list of chemical substances; storage; threshold limit values; translation; transport of materials; UNEP; waste disposal; WHO. (75092)

CIS 00-941 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene. (Spanish: Benzo(g,h,i)perileno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0739. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and skin absorption. Data are insufficiently available on the effect of benzoperylene on human health, therefore utmost care must be taken. (75161)

CIS 00-942 Benzothiazol-2-thiol. (Spanish: Benzotiazol-2-tiol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1183. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and skin absorption. Short-term exposure effects: eye irritation. Long-term exposure effects: prolonged or repeated contact may induce dermatitis and skin sensitization. (75162)

CIS 00-943 Bioallethrin. (Spanish: Bioaletrina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0227. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; may have effects on the nervous system. (75163)

CIS 00-944 Potassium bromate. (Spanish: Bromato potásico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1115. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; ingestion may cause effects on the kidney, the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system leading to kidney damage and central nervous system depression; effects may be delayed. Long-term exposure effects: possibly carcinogenic; can induce genetic changes. (75164)

CIS 00-945 4-Bromoaniline. (Spanish: 4-Bromoanilina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1226. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; haematological effects (methaemoglobinaemia); effects may be delayed. Long-term exposure effects: may induce genetic changes. (75165)

CIS 00-946 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol. (Spanish: 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0415. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, the eyes and the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: prolonged or repeated contact may induce skin sensitization. (75166)

CIS 00-947 α-Bromotoluene. (Spanish: α-Bromotolueno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1225. International Chemical Safety Card. Synonym: benzyl bromide. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: strong irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; may cause effects on the central nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: may cause liver and kidney damage. (75167)

CIS 00-948 Bromuconazole. (Spanish: Bromuconazol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1264. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: ingestion may cause effects on the central nervous system resulting in depression. Long-term exposure effects: the substance may have effects on the liver, resulting in tissue lesions and impaired functions. (75168)

CIS 00-949 2,3-Butanedione. (Spanish: 2,3-Butanodiona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1168. International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and skin absorption. Long-term exposure effects: prolonged or repeated contact may induce skin sensitization. (75169)

CIS 00-950 2-(2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol. (Spanish: 2-(2-(2-Butoxietoxi)etoxi)etanol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0965. International Chemical Safety Card. Synonym: triethylene glycol n-butyl ether. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: vapour irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; ingestion may cause lowering of consciousness. Long-term exposure effects: the liquid defats the skin. (75170)

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CIS 00-951 Risk assessment. Robert-Phelps G., Gower Publishing Limited, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 1999. 97p. Illus. Price: GBP 16.99., ISBN 0-566-08066-4 (In English)

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Self-study workbook on risk assessment in British enterprises, covering four main areas: safety legislation; safety in the workplace; practical risk assessment; risk assessment checklists. (75094)

CIS 00-952 Health and safety benchmarking: Improving together - Guidance for those interested in applying benchmarking to health and safety. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 12p. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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This guide is aimed at persons interested in applying benchmarking to health and safety performance criteria within their organization. It includes the definition of benchmarking, the advantages of health and safety benchmarking and the five steps necessary to set up a benchmarking system within the organization namely: deciding what to benchmark; analysing the present situation; selecting partners; working with partners and acting on the lessons learned. (75172)

CIS 00-953 What to expect when a safety inspector calls: A brief guide for businesses, employees and their representatives. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1998. 8p. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: enforcement; inspection; legal aspects; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; role of labour inspection; safety checks; training material; United Kingdom. (75268)

CIS 00-954 Enterprises and safety - From concepts to practice. (French: Les entreprises et la sécurité - De l'esprit à la fonction) Ecury P.J., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P. 138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 1998. 198p. Illus. Price: FRF 200.00., ISBN 2-908191-12-1 (In French)

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Topics: economic aspects; France; legal aspects; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employers; role of management; role of supervisory staff; safety and health documentation; safety engineers; safety officers; social aspects; statistical aspects; training material. (75312)

CIS 00-955 Coverage of occupational hazards - Manual describing current practices and possible alternatives. (Spanish: Cobertura de los riesgos del trabajo - Manual con experiencias actuales y alternativas) Conte-Grand A.H., Rodríguez C.A., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. 283p. Illus. Bibl.ref. + CD-ROM for Windows 95 or higher (needs browser: Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer; screen: 800x600 or higher, 1024x784 recommended), ISBN 92-2-311712-7 (In Spanish)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; comment on directive; comment on law; cost of safety; European Communities; hazard evaluation; ILO; legislation; national organization; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; occupational safety and health; paraguay; plant safety and health organization; rehabilitation; role of government; training manuals; Uruguay; workmen's compensation. (75378)

CIS 00-956 Handling the news: Advice for newsagents and employees on safe handling of bundles. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 8p. 5 ref. (In English)

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Manual handling of newspaper and magazine bundles can cause strains or serious injuries over time. This guidance is intended for newsagents and their employees who manually handle bundles of newspapers and magazines, for example while palletizing, loading and unloading delivery vehicles or picking-up bundles at wholesale premises. It contains general practical information on manual handling, the use of trolleys, night work, pregnant women and young workers. (75174)

CIS 00-957 Handling the news: Advice for employers on manual handling of bundles. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 19p. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Manual handling of newspaper and magazine bundles can cause strains or serious injuries over time. This guidance is intended for persons involved in the production, distribution and sale of newspapers and magazines. It contains practical advice on compliance with the 1992 Manual Handling Regulations (see CIS 93-36) of the United Kingdom, in particular with respect to assessing the risks to employees. Topics covered include: maximum admissible loads; work posture; loading and unloading of vehicles; trolley and roll cages; roller tables and conveyors; protective gloves; lumbar belts. (75175)

CIS 00-958 Do you work in a quarry? A simple guide to the Quarries Regulations 1999. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 14p. 13 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides practical guidance to the United Kingdom Quarries Regulations 1999, which aims to improve the safety record in the quarrying industry. Contents: responsibilities of operators and contractors; worker participation; training and qualifications; controlling risks at excavation and tips, with vehicles and with explosives; inspection and maintenance; escape and rescue; first aid; fences to limit access and trespass. (75173)

CIS 00-959 Safety representatives and safety committees on offshore installations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1999. 8p. (In English)

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Topics: employee rights; legal aspects; offshore oil extraction; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employers; role of management; role of supervisory staff; role of workers organizations; safety and health committees; training material; United Kingdom; workers participation. (75265)

CIS 00-960 Carbon monoxide - The silent cold weather killer. American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2700 Prosperity Ave., Suite 250, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA, 1997. 9p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: alarm systems; carbon monoxide; fuel burning equipment; heating equipment; limitation of exposure; poisoning; safe working methods; safety checks; toxic atmosphere detection; training material; USA. (75270)

CIS 00-961 The technical basis for COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 20p. 9 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-2434-X (In English)

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This booklet summarizes the technical basis of the generic risk assessment scheme used in the HSE guidance on easy steps to control chemicals under the 1999 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH, see CIS 00-620) of the United Kingdom. It is aimed at suppliers and users of chemicals, occupational hygienists and other specialists who require more detailed information than that provided in the basic guide (see CIS 00-1098). Contents include a description of the risk assessment scheme and information on how to use the basic guidance. (75177)

CIS 00-962 Health risks from metalworking fluids: Aspects of good machine design. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1998. 8p. 5 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on good practices for machine tool users and designers. It highlights features that when incorporated into a machine tool or coolant system can reduce risks to health from the use of metalworking fluids. The design aspects covered include: coolant tanks, fluid delivery systems, the removal of contaminants, maintenance and control measures. (75179)

CIS 00-963 The complete idiot's guide to CHIP. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 27p. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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This guide explains the basic requirements of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations 1994 (CHIP) (see CIS 93-1424). Responsibilities of chemical suppliers are described in terms of classification of substances, provision of hazard information (safety data sheets, labelling) and packaging. Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers and importers are also outlined. Replaces CIS 95-488. (75180)

CIS 00-964 Working safely with solvents: A guide to safe working practices. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1998. 4p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: confined spaces; harmful substances; irritants; respirators; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; safety guides; solvents; training material; United Kingdom; ventilation; volatile substances. (75264)

CIS 00-965 Diesel engine exhaust emissions. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1999. 8p. (In English)

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Topics: dermatitis; diesel engines; diesel oil; exhaust gases; exhaust ventilation; functional respiratory disorders; gas emission; health hazards; irritants; monitoring for air contamination; personal hygiene; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; training material; United Kingdom. (75267)

CIS 00-966 Lead and you: A guide to working safely with lead. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1998. 8p. (In English)

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Topics: battery and dry cell manufacture; blood monitoring; lead; enamelling; expectant mothers; glass industry; harmful substances; ingestion; inhalation; legal aspects; limitation of exposure; plant safety organization; pottery industry; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; smelting plants; threshold limit values; training material; United Kingdom. (75269)

CIS 00-967 Reporting incidents of exposure to pesticides and veterinary medicines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1999. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: agriculture and forestry; industrial physicians; legal aspects; legislation; notification of occupational accidents; pesticides; pharmaceutical products; responsibilities of employers; training material; United Kingdom; veterinary assistants; veterinary services. (75263)

CIS 00-968 Safety in gas welding, cutting and similar processes. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 14p. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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Contents of this safety guide usable for training purposes: risk assessment; permits-to-work; qualifications; equipment used in gas welding and cutting; fire, explosion and other hazards (use of fuel gases and oxygen); risks from lighted blowpipes; gas leaks; ventilation; storage and handling of gas cylinders; flashbacks; maintenance, examination and testing of equipment. (75171)

CIS 00-969 Ear protection: Employers' duties explained. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 11p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This booklet highlights the responsibilities of employers for providing ear protecting for employees, with reference to the UK Noise at Work Regulations of 1989 (see CIS 90-21). Among the topics covered: types of ear protection; selecting the appropriate form of protection; informing employees and ensuring compliance. (75176)

CIS 00-970 Keep your top on: Health risks from working in the sun. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1998. 6p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: barrier creams; heat stroke; outdoor work; safe working methods; skin cancer; skin protection; solar radiation; training material; ultraviolet radiation; United Kingdom. (75266)

CIS 00-971 Guns. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 1998. 12p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/as7.pdf

This leaflet (revision of CIS 94-1890) gives basic practical advice on the safe use of rifles and shotguns. Contents: legal responsibilities; training and supervision; safety checks before using a gun; procedure for passing a gun to a companion; safe use of a gun (loading and unloading, carrying guns, handling guns in the vicinity of obstacles and on difficult terrain, handling ammunition); shooting; safety at organized events; guns in vehicles; hearing protection. (75261)

CIS 00-972 Falls from heights - Risks and individual protection. (French: Chutes de hauteur - Risques et protection individuelle) Velluz C., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P. 138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 1996. 141p. Illus. Price: FRF 200.00., ISBN 2-908191-07-5 (In French)

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Topics: directive; European Communities; fall arresters; falls from heights; France; harnesses; mortality; occupational safety; personal protective equipment; protection against falls from heights; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; safety and health documentation; standard; statistical aspects; training material. (75313)

CIS 00-973 Ergonomics of fork lift trucks - Check list for the drivers cabs. (Dutch: Ergonomie van de vorkheftruck - Check-list voor de bestuurderscabine; French: Ergonomie du chariot élévateur - Check-list pour le poste de conduite) Bohets W., Delaruelle D., De Grande R., Institut national de recherche sur les conditions de travail, rue de la Concorde 60, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1996. 98p. (Dutch) 96p. (French) Illus. 63 ref. + folder (10 sheets)., ISBN 90-801976-5-3 (fr), ISBN 90-801976-6-1 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; check lists; control levers; directive; drivers cabs; drivers seats; ergonomics; fork-lift trucks; handwheels; pedals; standard; training material; work posture. (75316)

CIS 00-974 Musculoskeletal diseases - Risk analysis. (Dutch: Spier-pees-bot-aandoeningen - Risicoanalyse voor RSI; French: Troubles musculosquelettiques - Analyse du risque) Malchaire J., Indesteege B., Institut national de recherche sur les conditions de travail, rue de la Concorde 60, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1997. 126p. (Dutch) 122p. (French) Illus. 101 ref. + folder (5 sheets) + diskette., ISBN 90-801976-7-x (ne), ISBN 90-801976-8-8 (fr) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; body mechanics; check lists; elbow; force; hazard evaluation; literature survey; manuals; musculoskeletal diseases; neck disorders; repetitive strain injury; risk factors; safety and health documentation; shoulder; tendinitis; training manuals; upper extremity disorders; work posture; wrist. (75315)

CIS 00-975 Low back pain at work - Evaluation, analysis and proposed means of prevention of effort-related pain and lumbago. (French: Lombalgies et travail - Evaluation, réflexion et prévention des douleurs efforts et lumbagos) Bernard C.P., Les éditions d'ergonomie, B.P. 138, 13267 Marseille Cedex 08, France, 1996. 205p. Illus. Price: FRF 200.00., ISBN 2-908191-09-1 (In French)

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Topics: backache; body mechanics; ergonomics; France; legal aspects; manual handling; manual lifting; muscular work; physiology of musculoskeletal system; responsibilities of employers; safety and health documentation; spinal diseases; training material; work posture. (75311)

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CIS 00-976 Planned preventive maintenance, issues of engineering safety. Munezvenyu P., On Guard, Mar. 1999, Vol.6, No.16, p.7-12. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: corrosion; developing countries; machinery industry; material failure; occupational safety; preventive maintenance; role of management; role of supervisory staff; safety planning; safety programmes; safety training in industry; Zimbabwe. (75111)

CIS 00-977 Accident investigation and reporting. Lord R., On Guard, Mar. 1999, Vol.6, No.16, p.13-16. (In English)

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Topics: accident investigation; analysis of accident causes; cost of accidents; developing countries; human factors; minor accidents; notification of occupational accidents; role of management; South Africa; unsafe acts. (75112)

CIS 00-978 Preparing young people for a safer working life. Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1999, Vol.17, No.7, p.36-38. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: educational institutions; responsibilities of employers; risk awareness; role of government; safety consciousness; safety programmes; safety training in schools; teaching; United Kingdom; young persons. (75117)

CIS 00-979 Trends in training. Cannell M., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1999, Vol.17, No.8, p.38-39. Illus. (In English)

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Much is said about the importance of training to the economy, but there is very little hard information about what is actually happening in the training market - what are the key issues, what changes are taking place, what skills do trainers need? To serve its members, the Institute of Personnel and Development (IPD) needs to know as much as possible about what is happening in the areas in which it works. People working in training, whether full-time or part-time, account for a good proportion of the Institute's membership. The IPD therefore recently conducted a survey which among other things looked at expenditure and training budgets, the focus of training, changing training methods, the impact of training on performance and how the training business is evolving. The results of the first survey, carried out among 800 training managers, are also presented. (75119)

CIS 00-980 Predicting the optimum number, location, and signal sound level of auditory warning devices of manufacturing facilities. Nanthavanij S., Yenradee P., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.569-578. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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An analytical method for predicting the optimum number, location and signal sound level of auditory warning devices is proposed. Factors which influence the perception of alarm signals, namely, ambient sound level, machining workstations (locations and their generated sound levels), workers' locations and recommended signal sound level reaching workers are considered in the development of the objective function and constraints. Solving the multiple alarm location problem with a nonlinear programming technique yields the minimum number of auditory warning devices, their locations and the minimum required sound level of warning signals. Two examples are given to demonstrate the applications of the predictive model. The method presented enables engineers to determine the optimum number and location of auditory warning devices for manufacturing facilities to ensure adequate perception of warning signals. Since the proposed method is analytical in nature, it helps reduce trial-and-error effort normally spent in locating the alarm devices, thus saving both time and money. (75242)

CIS 00-981 Learning auditory warnings: The effects of sound type, verbal labelling and imagery on the identification of alarm sounds. Edworthy J., Hards R., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.603-618. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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The effect of sound type, training cue and cue source on the ability to learn and retain warning-type sounds was studied. One group was required to learn the sounds according to verbal labels given to them by the experimenter; a second generated their own verbal labels; a third was required to learn the sounds using graphic images given to them by the experimenter; and the fourth was allowed to generate their own graphic images. Three classes of sound were tested: real, environmental sounds, semi-abstract monitoring-type sounds and abstract sounds already used as hospital warnings. Results show that the verbal labels worked better than graphic images, but only when these were given by the experimenter. When participants generated their own cues, performance was equally good in both graphic and verbal conditions. It was found that real sounds were easier to learn than the other two groups, although this effect again disappeared when participants were allowed to generate their own cues. The implications for auditory warning design and training are discussed within a broader theoretical and practical context. (75245)

CIS 00-982 Who's in charge of the safety at this site?. Buchanan D., Occupational Health and Safety Magazine, Sep. 1999, Vol.22, No.3, p.6-8. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Article on the definition of responsibilities for worksite safety in Alberta (Canada). Topics: Canada; comment on directive; construction industry; legislation; occupational safety; paper and paper products industry; responsibilities of employers; roofing; small enterprises; subcontractors; workplaces. (75251)

CIS 00-983 Safety incentive programs: How to make them work. Atkinson W., Occupational Hazards, Nov. 1999, Vol.61, No.11, p.85-88. Illus. (In English)

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Safety incentive programmes can add value to the company's injury prevention efforts, but they should be viewed with a critical eye. Safety incentive programmes are part of workplace safety and health programmes, but should not be a substitute for them. They may also pressure employees not to report injuries for fear that by doing so, they will ruin the chances of their co-workers of winning the incentives. Two examples of successful safety incentive programmes are presented. (75290)

CIS 00-984 Evaluation research in occupational health services: General principles and a systematic review of empirical studies. Hulsof C.T.J., Verbeek J.H.A.M., van Dijk F.J.H., van der Weide W.E., Braam I.T.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.361-377. Illus. 112 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of this study was to review the nature and extent of evaluation research in occupational health services (OHSs). On the basis of a conceptual model of OHS evaluation, empirical studies were categorized into aspects of input, process, output, outcome and OHS core activities. The methodological quality of most studies was not high. Although rigorous study designs are not always applicable or feasible in daily practice, much more effort should be directed at the scientific evaluation of OHSs and OHS instruments. To develop evidence-based occupational health care the quality of evaluation studies should be improved. In particular, process and outcome of consultation and rehabilitation activities of occupational physicians need to be studied more. (75125)

CIS 00-985 Occupational accidents: Europe harmonizes its statistics. (French: Accidents du travail, l'Europe harmonise ses statistiques) Travail et sécurité, Sep. 1997, No.564, p.18-21. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: age-linked differences; agriculture; construction industry; European Communities; fatalities; frequency rates; manufacturing industries; national variables; notification of occupational accidents; occupational accidents; services; sex-linked differences; statistical aspects; transport industry. (75215)

CIS 00-986 Occupational accident insurance associations: Less than 1000 fatal accidents for the first time. (German: Berufsgenossenschaften: Erstmals weniger als 1000 tödliche Arbeitsunfälle) Pressedienst HVBG, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1999, p.2-4. (In German)

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Topics: commuting accidents; fatalities; Germany; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; safety and health institutions; statistics. (75225)

CIS 00-987 Working conditions and occupational morbidity in the Republic of Karelia in economic transition. (Russian: Uslovija truda i professional'naja zabolevaemost' v Respublike Karelija v uslovijah perehodnoj ėkonomiki) Yakovlev V., Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1999, Vol.2, No.1, p.5-7 (English); p.19-20 (Russian). Illus. (In English, Russian)

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Altogether 305,000 workers are employed in industrial enterprises in the Karelian Republic (one of the constituent republics of the Russian Federation), of which 52.2% are women. The main branches of production are forestry, timber and the pulp-and-paper industries, manufacture of machinery, ship-building, production of building materials, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy and agriculture. Despite economic problems, various short- and long-term measures are being implemented to improve working conditions in Karelian enterprises to prevent occupational diseases and to decrease the level of morbidity among workers. (75281)

CIS 00-988 Occupational safety and health management systems. (German: Arbeitsschutzmanagementsysteme) Bundesarbeitsblatt, 1999, No.2, p.43-46. (In German)

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Cornerstones for the development and evaluation of concepts of occupational safety and health management systems in Germany are presented. They were worked out jointly by the German Federal Ministry of Labour, insurance companies, employers and unions. They address policy, organization, planning, implementation and monitoring issues for safety and health management systems. (75370)

CIS 00-989 All for good measure. Hunt S., Accident Prevention, May-June 1999, Vol.46, No.3, p.17-21. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: first aid; frequency rates; hazard evaluation; minor accidents; plant safety and health organization; role of insurance institutions; role of management; role of supervisory staff; role of workers organizations; safety and health meetings; safety consciousness; safety service records; safety training in industry; statistical aspects; workers participation. (75131)

CIS 00-990 The new legal framework of occupational hazard prevention and the changing world of work. (Spanish: El nuevo marco de la prevención de riesgos laborales y el cambiante mundo del trabajo) Durán López F., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.0, p.4-9. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: legislation; occupational accidents; plant safety and health organization; role of workers organizations; safety and health training; Spain. (75228)

CIS 00-991 Occupational safety and health in Spain. (Spanish: La seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en España) Gutiérrez A., Jiménez Aguilar J., Aparicio Abravo E., Méndez C., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.0, p.10-19. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: legislation; national organization; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities; role of employers organizations; role of workers organizations; Spain. (75229)

CIS 00-992 Analysis of working conditions: To know in order to prevent - 3rd National Survey of Working Conditions. (Spanish: Análisis de las condiciones de trabajo: conocer para prevenir - III Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo) Almodóvar Molina A., Maqueda Blasco J.M., de la Orden Rivera M.V., Zimmermann Verdejo M., Fraile Cantaljo A., Lara Mendaza J.M., Nogareda Cuixart C., Pinilla García F.J., Villar Fernández M.F., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.0, p.20-28. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: biological rhythms; causes of accidents; conditions of work; construction industry; industries; mental stress; night work; noise; physical workload; repetitive work; services; shift work; Spain; speed of work; vigilance. (75230)

CIS 00-993 Russian experience on attestation of workplaces according to their working conditions. (Russian: Rossijskij opyt' attestacii rabočih mest po uslovijam truda) Yakovlev S., Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1999, Vol.2, No.1, p.10-13 (English); p.23-26 (Russian). Illus. 6 ref. (In English, Russian)

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Russian regulations consider the attestation or certification of workplaces according to the working conditions they present as being a system of analysing and evaluating workplaces. The main aim of the certification is to ensure that production units meet the requirements of occupational safety and health. It involves an evaluation of working conditions based on different risk criteria. Thus, the attestation of workplaces is part of the certification of production units. The English-language literature uses only the term "certification" covering the whole procedure. In Russia the terminology adopted for workplace certification is "attestation". (75282)

CIS 00-994 Occupational accidents in Brazil. A causal-tree study in the region of Botucatu, State of São Paulo. (Italian: Gli infortuni sul lavoro in Brasile. Studio nello stato di San Paolo del Brasile, regione di Botucatu, utilizzando il metodo dell'albero delle cause) Binder M.C.P., Almeida I.M., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.90, No.4, p.584-595. Illus. 28 ref. (In Italian)

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The "causal-tree" method was applied to a set of serious occupational accidents that had occurred in 1993 in the Botucatu region (São Paulo State, Brazil). This method is suited for identifying the system function failures that have contributed to an accident and it can be used by plant safety personnel, both from management and workers' unions. It is proposed that the application of this method will contribute to better knowledge of safety problems, higher accident reporting rates and lower individual guilt in accident situations. (75345)

CIS 00-995 Occupational health and safety in Morocco: Present and future. Laraqui C.H., Caubet A., Harourate K., Laraqui O., Verger C., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.90, No.4, p.596-606. 13 ref. (In English)

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Despite existing regulations concerning worker protection, occupational health and safety are poor in Morocco. Legislation is not implemented. Personnel and training are lacking at all levels. Occupational medical services cover only 7% of the urban working population. Small and medium enterprises and agriculture are particularly neglected. Legal and organizational requirements for a radical improvement of the situation are pointed out. These improvements are urgent in view of the increasing export of dangerous industries and technology from developed countries with rigid regulations to developing countries where regulations are less rigid, or not observed. (75346)

CIS 00-996 Certification of occupational safety and health programmes. (Spanish: Certificación de programas de salud ocupacional) Rojas Gutiérrez R.A., Protección y seguridad, Nov.-Dec. 1998, Vol.44, No.262, p.14-19; 45. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: Colombia; ethics; health programmes; industries; international agreements; ISO; legislation; plant safety and health organization; pollution control; role of government; safety programmes. (75371)

CIS 00-997 Standardization in the field of personal protective equipment. Noetel K.H., Heffels P., Jackisch P., Kerber J., Kommission Arbeitsschutz und Normung, KAN Secretariat, Alte Heerstrasse 111, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany, Mar. 1997. 168p. Illus. 74 ref., ISBN 3-88383-484-X (In English)

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In order to supplement Directive 89/686/EEC (CIS 90-381) with standards, the EU Commission issued three mandates to CEN which resulted in 240 different standards being developed for the field of PPE. PPE standards are developed mainly at the national level in the NPS and NAFu0, at the European level in the CEN/TCs 79, 85 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, which are coordinated under BTS 4, and at the international level mainly in ISO/TC 94. Since 1989 the majority of PPE standards have been developed at European level. The study has achieved to establish the state of standardization, to assess the product-related level of occupational health and safety in standardization, to assess the suitability of standardization as a basis for manufacturing and certifying PPE and to illustrate the deficits of standardization with regard to product-related occupational health and safety. The study does not take account of PPE for the areas of sport and leisure or for work on live parts of electrical systems. (75093)

CIS 00-998 Market surveillance of personal protective equipment in France. (French: Le contrôle du marché des équipements de protection individuelle en France) Frazer I., Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 5 bd. du Roi Albert II, P.O.Box 5, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2000. 134p. Illus. 26 ref., ISBN 2-930003-35-9 (Fr), ISBN 2-930003-36-7 (En) (In English, French)

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Effective public surveillance of the market for personal protective equipment is vital to protect users and ensure that all involved (manufacturers, standards bodies, notified bodies) shoulder their legal responsibilities. This report looks into the way in which European Union Directives relating to personal protective equipment are applied in one of the member states of the European Union, namely France, but also looks into the situation in other EU countries. The Directives concerned are Council Directive 89/686/EEC of 21 December (CIS 90-381) on the approximation of laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment and Council Directive 89/656/EEC of 30 November (CIS 90-385) on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace, and their subsequent amendments. The report concludes that surveillance is still inadequate, and calls for more effective European policies to ensure consistent application of the Directives. (75384)

CIS 00-999 Design for sustainable development - Environmental management and safety and health. Zwetsloot G., Bos J., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland, 1998. xiii, 72p. Illus. 45 ref. Price: ECU 28.00 (excluding VAT)., ISBN 92-828-3341-0 (In English)

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Topics: environment; European Communities; ISO; legal aspects; plant safety and health organization; pollution control; responsibilities of employers; role of government. (75098)

CIS 00-1000 Monitoring for health hazards at work. Ashton I., Gill F.S., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 2000. xxi, 304p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 27.50., ISBN 0-632-05041-1 (In English)

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The purpose of this monograph is to provide guidance to personnel employed as safety and health professionals who have responsibilities with respect to the protection of employees against health hazards at work, and to persons with responsibilities for the planning and management of monitoring programmes. It is the third edition (see CIS 94-898 for the previous edition), and includes practical guidance on the use of a range of instruments available for measuring workplace exposure to airborne dust, fibres, gases and vapours, heat, ventilation, noise, light, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and microbiological hazards, as well as on how to conduct surveys. (75383)

CIS 00-1001 Mainstream research market 1999/2000. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1999. iv, 29p. (In English)

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Topics: chemical hazards; civil engineering; construction industry; electrical equipment; ergonomics; explosion hazards; financing of programmes; fire hazards; hazard evaluation; human behaviour; hyperbaric pressure; ionizing radiation; machinery industry; major hazards; materials handling; occupational hygiene; ongoing research; physical hazards; public OSH institutions; report of activities; social aspects; subcontractors; United Kingdom. (75193)

CIS 00-1002 HSE Books: Price list - Spring 1999. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1999. iv, 60p. (In English)

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Topics: catalogue; occupational safety and health; safety literature; United Kingdom. (75195)

CIS 00-1003 Publications of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health - General catalogue 1999. (Spanish: Publicaciones del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo - Catálogo general 1999) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 46p. (In Spanish)

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Topics: audiovisual material; catalogue; film catalogue; poster catalogue; safety and health institutions; safety literature; Spain; training material. (75374)

CIS 00-1004 Safety first! - Protection against hazards of all nature which threaten human existence. (French: La sécurité d'abord! - La protection contre les risques de toute nature qui menacent l'existence humaine) Goll-Perrier J., J. Goll-Perrier, BP 216, 92604 Asnières Cedex, France, Mar. 1999. 2 vols. 407p. + 343p. Illus. Prix: FRF 240.00 (for the 2 volumes)., ISBN 2-9513448-0-5 (In French)

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Thorough survey of safety and health issues in and out of the workplace, from the viewpoint of an experienced insurance professional in France. Vol.1 has two parts. Part I: role, scope and methods of safety and health (techniques and legal aspects; economic aspects; the moral and social dimensions; effectiveness of preventive efforts; issues of responsibility, fraud and criminality; administrative matters). Part II: safety and health in France: fire safety; theft; water damage; accidents (occupational, traffic and domestic accidents; accidents involving public transport; special hazards - mountaineering, natural disasters, transport of hazardous substances, earthquakes, nuclear hazards; accident prevention and rehabilitation of victims); protection of the environment; diseases and death; role and activities of the insurance industry and of the French health-care system. Vol.2 examines the safety and health systems in the various countries of the world. It also provides a comparative analysis of particular OSH issues around the world: fire prevention; role of the ILO, labour unions and the European Union; highway safety; health care and particular health issues (alcoholism, drug addiction, venereal diseases and AIDS, ageing, hormones and animal feed, role of the WHO); international activities in OSH; statistics on OSH. (75380)

CIS 00-1005 Accident and incident investigation: Procedure. (Spanish: Investigación de accidentes-incidentes: procedimiento) Piqué Ardanuy T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 8p. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: accident investigation; analysis of accident causes; check lists; data sheet; occupational accidents; report on investigation; Spain. (75337)

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CIS 00-1006 Preliminary report of mortality among workers compensated for work-related asthma. Liss G.M., Tarlo S.M., Banks D., Yeung K.S., Schweigert M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.465-471. 32 ref. (In English)

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Subjects receiving compensation for occupational asthma (OA) or aggravation of asthma (AA) and a comparison sample of workers with claims for musculoskeletal injuries during the same period were identified from the Ontario Workers' Compensation Board, along with another comparison group of non-compensated asthmatic patients seen at a hospital clinic during the same period. Mortality of the three groups were compared with that of the general population. Of the 66 deaths identified, only 2 deaths were due to asthma, both in the work-related asthma group: one from the index cluster, and one not previously identified. A second index death was coded as dying from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease not elsewhere classified. There were fewer deaths than expected from most causes. In direct comparison of the work-related asthma claimants with the injury claimants, the risk of death appeared elevated from respiratory disease and ischaemic heart disease but the confidence intervals included unity. Excess deaths from respiratory disease, in particular asthma, may occur among those with work-related asthma even in the absence of re-exposure. (75134)

CIS 00-1007 Analysis by sex of low back pain among workers from small companies in the Paris area: Severity and occupational consequences. Alcouffe J., Manillier P., Brehier M., Fabin C., Faupin F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.696-701. 30 ref. (In English)

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To describe workers with low back symptoms, to identify risk factors and to assess the occupational consequences separately in men and women, a descriptive study was conducted on a sample of workers selected at random from small companies in the Paris area. A group of 202 occupational physicians interviewed 7,129 workers with a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by sex in the two groups: with low back pain and without low back pain over the previous 12 months. The group with low back pain was then divided into four subgroups: mild cases (without referred pain), moderate cases (with referred pain above the knee), serious cases (with referred pain below the knee), and low back pain with occupational consequences. The incidence and severity of low back pain were higher in women, although they seemed to be less exposed to known occupational risk factors. However, the results indicate a preponderance of these risk factors among female workers. Particular attention must therefore be paid to the lifting of weights and uncomfortable working positions in female jobs (clerk, trading, health care staff). (75188)

CIS 00-1008 Occupational and environmental factors and risk of breast cancer. (German: Arbeits- und umweltbedingte Faktoren und Brustkrebsrisiko) Elsner G., Nienhaus A., Hensel N., Roscher G., Kaufmann M., Solbach C., Krohn M., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 1999, Vol.49, No.10, p.373-380. 27 ref. (In German)

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The regression analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of 693 woman with breast cancer and 666 controls yielded a significant relationship between the exposure to herbicides and breast cancer. The odds ratio was found to rise from 0.8 for a herbicide exposure of less than 1 dose-years to 1.7 for a herbicide exposure of 1 to 3 dose-years and to 3.2 for a herbicide exposure of more than 3 dose years. No significant relationships were found between breast cancer and the exposure to solvents, hair dyes, insecticides, wood preservatives, wall paints, electromagnetic fields, radioactive substances and X-rays or the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and meat products. Hormone intake and reproductive behaviour such as the number of children, age at first birth and the length of breast feeding were also found to have no connection with the occurrence of breast cancer. (75292)

CIS 00-1009 The role of atopy for occupational irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. (German: Bedeutung der Atopie für beruflich bedingte irritative und allergische Kontaktekzeme) Jung K., Bieback C., Linse R., Allergologie, Aug. 1999, Vol.22, No.8, p.472-476. Illus. 29 ref. (In German)

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Evaluations of the medical records of 606 patients with allergic contact dermatitis and of 190 patients with irritant contact dermatitis seeking compensation for their occupationally induced skin diseases yielded an atopic disposition in 60.3 and 72.1% of the patients, respectively. The average exposure until development of the disease was found to be shorter for patients with atopic disposition as compared with patients without atopic disposition. The atopic patients came mostly from the food industry, metalworking industry and health services. Nickel, cobalt, chromium and formaldehyde were the most frequent sensitizers. Women were more frequently affected than men and were affected almost ten years sooner than men. There was no connection between the atopic disposition of women and age of affliction. (75298)

CIS 00-1010 Occupational periarticular diseases: Relationship between posture and pathology. (French: Les affections périarticulaires d'origine professionnelle: lien entre postures et pathologies) Vitry-Henry L., Vitry F., Jolly D., Deschamps F., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Nov. 1998, Vol.59, No.7, p.492-496. Illus. 17 ref. (In French)

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Topics: basic metal industries; building industry; bursitis; carpal-tunnel syndrome; cross-sectional study; epicondylitis; foundries; joint diseases; musculoskeletal diseases; periarthritis; repetitive strain injury; shoulder; textile industry; work posture. (75319)

CIS 00-1011 Cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish sewage workers: Extended follow-up. Friis L., Mikoczy Z., Hagmar L., Edling C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.672-673. 11 ref. (In English)

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To study cancer incidence in Swedish sewage workers, a cohort of all 711 employees at 17 Swedish sewage plants employed for at least one year during the years 1965-86 was analysed. Assessment of exposures was performed by classification of work tasks. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Total cancer incidence was not significantly increased (SIR=1.2) but the incidence of prostate cancer was (SIR=1.6), and based on two cases only, there seemed to be a significant increase of cancer of the nose and the nasal sinuses (SIR=12). The incidence of stomach cancer was also higher than expected (SIR=2.3). There was no relation between cancer incidence and level of sewage exposure. In conclusion, sewage workers did not have an increased risk of cancer, and the increased risk estimates for some specific cancer sites were not conclusive. (75185)

CIS 00-1012 The value of "the medical". Ide C., Safety and Health Practitioner, Oct. 1999, Vol.17, No.10, p.30-33. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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Each year Strathclyde Fire Brigade (in Scotland) recruits between 70 and 110 new firefighters. In addition to an exhaustive selection procedure, the brigade puts potential recruits through a standard medical examination, but the usefulness of such exams has been questioned. The medical adviser to the Strathclyde Fire Brigade found that an analysis of the statistics allowed considerable pruning of the medical exam, and of the brigade's costs, while retaining the effectiveness of the examination. (75102)

CIS 00-1013 Dutch occupational physicians and general practitioners wish to improve cooperation. Buijs P., van Amstel R., van Dijl F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.709-713. 29 ref. (In English)

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The cooperation between occupational physicians (OPs) and general practitioners (GPs) was investigated through literature reviews, structured interviews and questionnaires sent to randomized samples of OPs (n=232) and GPs (n=243). Actual cooperation is poor. However, more than 80% of both groups responded that they want to improve their cooperation, aiming at better quality of care. Obstacles identified by OPs include insufficient knowledge among GPs about occupational health services (OHSs) (57%) and their patients' working conditions (52%). OPs also consider that GPs suspect them of serving employers more than employees (44%) and of verifying reasons of absence, with information from GPs (34%). Responses from GPs confirm these two suspicions (48%, response 58%), adding obstacles like commercialization of OHS, lack of financial incentives, etc. Both groups are unanimous about prerequisites for improvement, especially guaranteeing the professional autonomy of OPs (OPs 86%, GPs 76%). (75190)

CIS 00-1014 Remodeling of the occupational medical examination program in South Korea. Park J., Kim Y., Kim K.S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.411-417. 12 ref. (In English)

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The South Korean government carried out reforms in the occupational medical examination programme between 1997 and 1998 in a response to the discontent of workers, who had complained that the examinations were merely ritualistic and unproductive. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reasons for the change, to provide a historical review of occupational medical examination in South Korea, and to discuss the main issues involved in remodelling the programme. The existing programme in South Korea is reviewed and criticized. The basic philosophy and the main issues in remodelling South Korea's programme are also discussed. In conclusion, the programme should not be conducted in a uniform manner according to legal regulations, but should be a part of overall occupational health services. Individual workplaces should be given the autonomy to perform medical examinations according to the characteristics of the workplace, and an approach based on the participation of labour and management should be taken into consideration. (75208)

CIS 00-1015 Sugaring the pill. Madden V., Occupational Health, Apr. 1999, Vol.51, No.4, p.20-21. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Despite recent legislation in the United Kingdom, many people with diabetes feel they get a raw deal in the jobs market. However, the increasing number of cases means that occupational health staff are more likely to have contact with the condition and should be aware of sufferers' needs. (75249)

CIS 00-1016 Work dynamics of adults with asthma. Yelin E., Henke J., Katz P.P., Eisner M.D., Blanc P.D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.472-480. 22 ref. (In English)

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601 persons with asthma from samples of pulmonologists and allergy-immunologists were interviewed on the severity of disease, demographic characteristics and the extent of their employment. Their employment was then compared to that of a matched sample. 92% of the persons with asthma had worked at some point prior to enrolment in the study. Among persons with onset during adulthood, only 29% of those who were not employed at disease onset were working at the time of enrolment in the study, compared to 68% among those who were employed. Among the 420 persons interviewed three times, 75, 81 and 75%, respectively, were employed as of the three interviews, 66% were continuously employed and 15% were continuously not employed. The principal determinants of continuity of employment were demographic and employment characteristics, not medical ones. The employment rate and hours of work per week and per year of the persons with asthma were similar to the matched sample. Asthma has not substantially impeded the employment of persons with asthma with the exception that those who were not employed at disease onset continued to have low employment rates. (75135)

CIS 00-1017 Occupational health in Spain. Gestal-Otero J.J., Dominguez de la Calle M., Takkouche B., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.345-350. 10 ref. (In English)

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Topics: legal aspects; national organization; occupational accidents; occupational medicine; ongoing research; plant safety and health organization; public OSH institutions; responsibilities; role of government; safety and health committees; safety and health training; Spain; training of OSH personnel; workmen's compensation. (75203)

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CIS 00-1018 Apartment buildings as hazardous production sites. (Russian: Žiloj dom, kak opasnyj proizvostvennyj ob"ekt) Kotel'nikov V.S., Klovač E. V., Kručinina I.A., Pečerkin A.S., Sidorov V.I., Šalaev V.K., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 2000, No.4, p.48-50. (In Russian)

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Arguments are provided why apartment buildings with lifts can be regarded as hazardous industrial installations in the sense of the 1997 law of the Russian Federation on Industrial safety of major hazard installations. Accidents can occur during repair work, the lift requires inspection and must be checked, insurance must be paid although premiums should be lowered in view of favourable accident statistics. (75279)

CIS 00-1019 Study of cancer incidence among 6363 male workers in four Norwegian ferromanganese and silicomanganese producing plants. Hobbesland Å., Kjuus H., Thelle D.S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.618-624. 35 ref. (In English)

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The objective of this study was to examine the associations between duration of specific work and cancer incidence among employees in four Norwegian ferromanganese and silicomanganese producing plants. A total of 607 cases of cancer was observed against 596 cases expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.02). Internal comparisons of rates showed a positive trend between the rate of all cancers and duration of furnace work. A slightly weaker trend was also found for duration of blue collar non-furnace work when lags of 25 or 30 years were applied in the analyses. However, several results indicated that the incidence of all cancers among thenon-furnace workers decreased during the period of active employment. Furnace and non-furnace workers may have exposures that increase the incidence of several cancers. The low incidence of cancer among non-furnace workers during the period of ongoing exposure cannot be explained. As this study cannot identify any causal factors, the role of exposure to manganese remains unclear. (75107)

CIS 00-1020 Study of cancer incidence among 8530 male workers in eight Norwegian plants producing ferrosilicon and silicon metal. Hobbesland Å., Kjuus H., Thelle D.S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.625-631. 38 ref. (In English)

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To examine the association between cancer incidence and duration of work among employees in Norwegian plants producing ferrosilicon and silicon metal, cases of cancer were obtained from The Cancer Registry of Norway. The numbers of various cancers were compared with expected figures calculated from age and calendar time specific rates for Norwegian men during the same period. Internal comparisons of rates were performed with Poisson regression analysis. A total of 832 cases of cancer were observed against 786 expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.06). Among the furnace workers an increased incidence of lung cancer (SIR 1.57) and testicular cancer (SIR 2.30) was found. Internal comparisons of rates among the rural furnace workers showed a positive trend between incidence of lung cancer and duration of work of 1.05/work-year. Excess cases of prostate and kidney cancer were found among blue collar non-furnace workers, in particular among the mechanics. Results suggest associations between furnace work and lung and testicular cancer, and between non-furnace work and prostate cancer. (75108)

CIS 00-1021 Shift work, social class, and ischaemic heart disease in middle aged and elderly men: A 22 year follow up in the Copenhagen male study. Bøggild H., Suadicani P., Hein H.O., Gyntelberg F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.640-645. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

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Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This study explores shift work as a risk factor for IHD after controlling for social class. The Copenhagen male study is a prospective cohort study established in 1970-1 comprising 5249 men aged 40-59. A second baseline was obtained in 1985-6. The cohort was followed up for 22 years through hospital discharge registers for IHD, and cause of death was recovered from death certificates. One fifth of the cohort was shift working at entry with a significantly larger proportion of shift workers in lower social classes. Risk of IHD and all cause mortality over 22 years did not differ between shift and day workers. The relative risk of IHD, adjusted for age and social class was 1.0. Men who were shift workers in both 1971 and 1985 had the same risk as ex-shift workers in an 8 years follow up from the 1985-6 baseline. The study questions shift work as an independent risk factor for IHD. The results of the study emphasize the importance of controlling adequately for the interplay of shift work and social class. (75110)

CIS 00-1022 Musculoskeletal disorders among female dental personnel - Clinical examination and a 5-year follow-up study of symptoms. Åkesson I., Johnsson B., Rylander L., Moritz U., Skerfving S., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.395-403. 36 ref. (In English)

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The objectives were to explore musculoskeletal disorders among dental personnel, to survey findings and diagnoses according to a standardized protocol, and to compare and evaluate different methods for the detection of musculoskeletal disorders in a population. In a 5-year follow-up study, 90 dental personnel and 30 controls were studied. The Nordic questionnaire, the present pain-rating according to the Borg category ratio scale, and physical examination were used. Findings were that dental personnel had an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders as verified by symptoms and diagnoses and more painful or persistent conditions. This led to a selection out of work. The questionnaire and the present pain rating gave a relatively good picture of musculoskeletal disorders arising from the neck, shoulders and hips and would be useful as screening tools. Their sensitivity in detecting disorders was higher for diagnoses than for findings. However, these methods were not as sensitive for disorders involving the elbows/wrists/hands. Physical examinations gave more detailed information. (75207)

CIS 00-1023 History of agricultural injury among farmers in Alabama and Mississippi: Prevalence, characteristics and associated factors. Lyman S., McGwin G., Enochs R., Roseman J.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.499-510. 36 ref. (In English)

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There have been no studies of the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with the history of prior farm injury among active farmers, nor with adequate numbers of black farmers to evaluate farm owner/farm worker and black/white differences. The sample in this survey is based upon surveys administered to active male farmers in rural counties in Alabama and Mississippi. Prior injury was more frequent among white owner/operators than among black workers and black owner/operators. In multiple logistic regression analyses, post-high school education and tiredness when farming were independently associated with prior injury in black owner/operators. In white owner/operators, age ≥ 60 years, post-high school education, full-time farming, tractor use, more pieces of machinery, hurry when farming and alcohol consumption were associated with prior injury. In black workers, only being very careful was associated with prior injury. The results suggest that prevention efforts focussing on alcohol consumption, fatigue and hurry when farming might reduce injuries. (75138)

CIS 00-1024 Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska. Lincoln J.M., Conway G.A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.691-695. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate the effectiveness of the United States Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 (see CIS 00-915) in reducing the high occupational death rate (200/100,000/year in 1991-2) among Alaska's commercial fishermen, a comprehensive surveillance of deaths in commercial fishing was established during 1991 and 1992. Demographic data and data on risk factors and incidents were compiled and analysed for trend. Specific measures tailored to prevent drowning associated with vessels capsizing and sinking in Alaska's commercial fishing industry have been successful. However, these events continue to occur, and place fishermen and rescue personnel at substantial risk. Additional strategies must be identified to reduce the frequency of vessels capsizing and sinking, to enable parallel improvements in the mortality among crab fishermen, and to prevent fishermen falling overboard and drowning. (75187)

CIS 00-1025 From gold fever to good industrial practice. (French: De la fièvre de l'or à l'industrie) Gout D., Travail et sécurité, July-Aug. 1997, No.562-563, p.2-7. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: mercury; clay; earthmoving; French Guiana; gold mining; hazard evaluation; landslides; manual handling; small enterprises. (75213)

CIS 00-1026 Alignment to workplace safety principles: An application to mining. Hine D.W., Lewko J., Blanco J., Journal of Safety Research, Fall 1999, Vol.30, No.3, p.173-185. 22 ref. (In English)

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Open-ended interviews were conducted with senior managers and front-line workers in a Canadian hard rock mine following the introduction of a new set of safety principles to guide employee decision-making and behaviour. The interviews were transcribed and coded for statements that suggested alignment or misalignment with each principle. Results indicate that, relative to front-line workers, senior managers were significantly more aligned with principles dealing with injury prevention, management accountability and rule following. Contrasts between front-line workers with above-average safety records and below-average records revealed only one significant difference: above-average workers were more strongly aligned with the principle "working safely is good business" than their below-average counterparts. (75241)

CIS 00-1027 Occupational health and safety in the mining industry in Morocco. Laraqui C.H., Caubet A., Harourate K., Laraqui O., Verger C., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.90, No.5, p.693-703. 14 ref. (In English)

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The mining sector is one of the mainstays of the Moroccan economy. Occupational injuries in this sector have declined sharply in number and severity during the last 20 years despite an increase in the number of workers. This is the result of widespread adoption of safety and hygiene measures and the industry's own medical services. Reported occupational diseases have increased, probably because of improved medical reporting systems within large mining enterprises. Occupational diseases in the mining sector constitute 80% of the country's total. Silicosis accounts for 96% of these. The reporting of injuries and diseases needs further improvement. (75350)

CIS 00-1028 Mortality among aircraft manufacturing workers. Boice J.D., Marano D.E., Fryzek J.P., Sadler C.J., McLaughlin J.K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.581-597. 29 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate the risk of cancer and other diseases among workers engaged in aircraft manufacturing potentially exposed to compounds containing chromate, trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE) and mixed solvents, a retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted. The standardized mortality ratios for 40 causes of death categories were computed for the total cohort and for subgroups defined by sex, race, position in the factory, work duration, year of first employment, latency and broad occupational group. Factory job titles were classified as to likely use of chemicals, and internal Poisson regression analyses were used to compute mortality risk ratios for categories of years of exposure to chromate, TCE, PCE and mixed solvents, with unexposed factory workers serving as referents. The results from this large-scale cohort study of workers followed up for over 3 decades provide no clear evidence that occupational exposures at the aircraft manufacturing factory resulted in increases in the risk of death from cancer or other diseases. (75103)

CIS 00-1029 Respiratory symptoms and lung function in two prebake aluminium smelters. Fritschi L., Beach J., Sim M., Abramson M., Benke G., Musk A.W., de Klerk N., McNeil J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.491-498. 15 ref. (In English)

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This cross-sectional study examined work-related respiratory symptoms and lung function in different departments of aluminium smelters compared to administration employees. Multiple logistic regression was performed with each of four work-related symptoms as outcomes and multiple linear regressions were performed with FEV₁ and FVC as outcomes. After adjusting for age and smoking, work-related respiratory symptoms were reported significantly more often among the ingot mill, anode and potroom groups in Smelter A. In Smelter B, ingot employees were more likely to report work-related wheeze and potroom employees were more likely to report work-related rhinitis. Symptoms tended to increase with increasing time in the potrooms but were more likely to occur in new employees in the ingot mill and anode process groups. After adjusting for age, height and smoking, there were no significant differences between the process groups for either FEV₁ or FVC at Smelter A, and at Smelter B potroom employees had slightly greater FEV₁ and FVC than the administration employees. (75137)

CIS 00-1030 Analysis of the accidents in the metallurgical and coke by-products industry. (Russian: Analiz pričin avarijnosti i travmatizma v metallurgičeskih i koksohimičeskih proizvodstvah) Peškov V.R., Matrohin V.F., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 2000, No.5, p.6-8. (In Russian)

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Accidents that have occurred in recent years in the metallurgical and coke by-products industry are reviewed. In 1999, 35 fatal accidents occurred, 35% more than in 1998. 63% of the accidents are attributed to unsatisfactory work organization, 20% to engineering and equipment defects and 17% to the violation of technical rules. Causes of accidents were: technical gases (32%), escape of hot materials or gases (21%), failure of moving parts (20%), internal transport (17%), and falling objects (10%). Past omissions and future needs are listed. Thus, procedures must be formulated, actions listed, and inspections and verifications made more rigorous. (75280)

CIS 00-1031 Every second fatal occupational accident occurs on a construction site. (German: Jeder zweite tödliche Arbeitsunfall ein Baustellenunfall) Henter A., Die BG, Nov. 1999, No.11, p.652-657. Illus. (In German)

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Of 871 fatal accidents that occurred on construction sites in Germany in the years 1995 to 1997, a total of 702 involved the building industry. The remaining 169 fatal accidents occurred in other industries such as the metalworking and electrical work during their presence on construction sites. Most fatalities on construction sites occurred during the erection or removal of shuttering and scaffolding or assembly and demolition work, and were due to falls from scaffolds, ladders or cranes. Unsafe practices, poor working conditions and lack of safety training were identified as the major causes of the fatal accidents. (75294)

CIS 00-1032 Standards for industrial safety in gas supply industry plants. (Russian: Normativnoe regulirovanie obespečenija promyšlennoj bezopasnosti na ob"ektah gazovogo hozjajstva) Sorokin A.A., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 2000, No.4, p.13-14. (In Russian)

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Overview of recent developments in safety-related equipment and test standardization in the Russian gas supply industry. New technical developments include the use of plastic and composite materials for pipes and the corrosion protection of steel pipes. The article also mentions safety problems, as a consequence of reducing gas pressure in regions with poor consumer payment performacne. (75278)

CIS 00-1033 Plant safety in coal beneficiation and processing plants of Russia. (Russian: Sostojanie promyšlennoj bezopasnosti na ugleobogatitel'nyh i uglepererabatyvajuščih predprijatijah Rossii) Čigrin V.D., Bobrikov V.V., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 2000, No.4, p.9-12. (In Russian)

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Despite improved safety engineering, the accident rate in coal beneficiation and briquetting plants in Russia remains high. This is attributed to inadequate organization, technical defects and inadequate instruction about dangerous work. The article laments the cessation of financing of research on technical standards and safe technologies, and suggests a financing scheme. The article is also critical of the lack of activity of the Coal Committee in the Russian Federal Fuel and Energy Ministry. Finally, the article deplores massive violations of work safety and discerns a critical state of the sector. (75277)

CIS 00-1034 Work-related symptoms and dose-response relationships for personal exposures and pulmonary function among woodworkers. Mandryk J., Alwis K.U., Hocking A.D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.481-490. 52 ref. (In English)

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Four sawmills, a wood chipping mill and five joineries were studied for the effects of personal exposure to wood dust, endotoxins, (1>3)-β-D-glucans, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi on lung function among woodworkers. Personal inhalable and respirable dust sampling was carried out. Lung function tests of workers were conducted before and after a workshift. Mean percentage cross-shift decrease in lung function was markedly high for woodworkers compared with the controls. Dose-response relationships among personal exposures and percentage cross-shift decrease in lung function and percentage-predicted lung function were more pronounced among joinery workers than among sawmill and chip mill workers. Woodworkers had markedly high prevalence of regular cough, phlegm and chronic bronchitis compared with controls. Significant associations were found between percentage cross-shift decrease in FVC and regular phlegm and blocked nose among sawmill and chip mill workers. Both joinery workers and sawmill and chip mill workers showed significant relationships between percentage-predicted lung function and respiratory symptoms. (75136)

CIS 00-1035 Analysis of sickness absence among employees of four NHS trusts. Ritchie K.A., Macdonald E.B., Gilmour W.H., Murray K.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.702-708. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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To determine the value of using routinely collected sickness absence data as part of a health needs assessment of healthcare workers, sickness absence records of 12,900 National Health Service (NHS) staff for one calendar year were analysed. Almost 60% of the study population had no spells of sickness absence in the year of study and almost 20% had only one spell of sickness absence. Female staff were more likely to have experienced sickness absence than male staff. Although absence due to conditions related to pregnancy were included in the analysis, the incidence of these was not sufficient to account for the higher rates of absence among female staff. In general, full-time staff had greater rates of sickness absence than part-time staff. 71% of all absences were of <1 week duration. The main known causes of sickness absence were respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal disorders. (75189)

CIS 00-1036 Office safety. Industrial Safety Chronicle, Apr.-June 1999, Vol.XXX, No.1, Special issue, p.13-50. Illus. (In English)

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Collection of articles on office safety from an Indian perspective. Topics covered: summary of hazards in office work; the nature of office and clerical work; safety in the retail industry; fire safety in offices; ocular and visual problems in office workers; repetitive motion injuries in computer users; safe use of computers; safety of chairs; safety of lifts; mobile phone hazards. Some of the articles are reproductions of articles in the ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. (75201)

CIS 00-1037 'Dem bones, 'dem bones - Health and safety in church archaeology. Kneller P., Safety and Health Practitioner, Nov. 1999, Vol.17, No.11, p.12-15. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: biological hazards; body tissues; bones; lead; contagion; emotivity; health hazards; personal protective equipment; physical hazards; research; smallpox; trenching and excavating; work in confined spaces. (75209)

CIS 00-1038 Chief medical officers in hospitals and their awareness concerning the application of Italian decree 626/94. (Italian: Dirigenza medica apicale e livelli di consapevolezza circa l'applicazione del D.L.G.S. 626/94) Latocca R., Manzi E., Arduca A., Bolognesi L., Cesana G., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1999, Vol.90, No.3, p.484-496. 14 ref. (In Italian)

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The implementation in Italian legislation of European Union directives on the improvement of safety and health at work places new responsibilities and duties toward hospital staff on chief medical officers in hospitals. In an Italian hospital, the awareness of these physicians concerning occupational infections, exposure to chemical agents, use of antineoplastic and antiviral drugs, use of protective garments and devices, exposure to ionizing and nonionizing radiation, use of electric devices, lifting, and fire prevention, as well as staff formation was found to be insufficient. A serious lack of preparedness for an accidental release of biological fluids was noticed. Training for these tasks and periodic controls using check lists were recommended. (75342)

CIS 00-1039 Development of an occupational safety management system for German coal mines taking Saabergwerke AG as an example. (German: Entwicklung eines Arbeitssicherheits-Managementsystems für den deutschen Steinkohlenbergbau am Beispiel der Saarbergwerke AG) Bauer M.J., Verlag der Augustinus Buchbandlung im Besitz des Verlags Mainz, Süsterfeldstr. 83, 52072 Aachen, Germany, 1998. 350p. Illus. 366 ref., ISBN 3-86073-650-7 (In German)

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The complete history of occupational safety and health in coal mining in the state of Saarland, Germany, is presented. The classical hazards encountered in coal mining and their importance today are discussed. The presently available protective measures are described. The basic principles of a new safety and health management concept for the anthracite mining company Saarbergwerke AG are presented. This new system controls all hazards encountered in anthracite mining from fires and explosions to dust exposure and work in confined spaces, as well as environmental pollution. Quality assurance is also integrated into this new safety and health management system. Supervisors and employees are fully involved in its implementation. Goals such as reduction of the accident rates to one third in three years were set and checks of the success of planned safety and health measures in regular intervals were included in the system. (75365)

CIS 00-1040 Child labour in the small-scale mining region of Mollehuaca-Huanuhuanu-Caraveli-Arequipa-Perú. (Spanish: Trabajo infantil en el centro minero artesanal de Mollehuaca-Huanuhuanu-Caravelí-Arequipa-Perú) Martínez Castilla Z., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. 44p. 13 ref., ISBN 92-2-311723-2 (In Spanish)

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Topics: mercury; child labour; disturbances of coordination; gold mining; health hazards; ILO; intelligence; legal aspects; occupational hygiene; Peru; report; short-time memory; young persons. (75379)

CIS 00-1041 Construction equipment operators - Stress and strain on operators of construction and earthmoving equipment. (German: Baugeräteführer - Belastungen und Beanspruchungen von Baumaschinen- und Erdbaumaschinenführern) Cohrs H.U., Hartmann B., Arbeitsmedizinischer Dienst der Berufagenossenschaften der Bauwirtschaft, Hamburg, Germany, 1998. 116p. Illus. 84 ref., ISBN 3-924356-45-9 (In German)

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Analyses of records of regular medical examinations and of insurance companies on the causes of early retirements revealed: operators of construction and earthmoving machinery suffer more frequently from cardiovascular diseases. Relative risks of operators of construction and earthmoving equipment for high blood pressure amount to 1.23 and 1.23, respectively. The corresponding figures for obesity are 1.50 and 1.66, for increased cholesterol levels 1.30 and 1.22, for increased triglyceride levels in the blood 1.57 and 1.55, and for increased glucose excretion in the urine 1.52 and 1.50. Compared with bricklayers, operators of earthmoving equipment suffered more frequently from joint diseases of the hands and fingers. Diseases of the spinal column were no longer as prevalent in either group of operators than they were in former studies. This is seen as an indication of the effects of a reduced exposure to vibrations on construction and earthmoving equipment through improved design. The higher frequency of cardiovascular diseases is attributed to the lack of exercise. Work breaks used for physical fitness exercises and a nutrition adjusted to the mostly sedentary work are recommended to reduce circulatory diseases in these groups of workers. (75367)

CIS 00-1042 Safety in medicine. Vincent C., de Mol B., eds., Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom, 2000. xii, 268p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: EUR 91.21 (USD 99.00)., ISBN 0-08-043656-0 (In English)

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Studies suggest that about 4% of hospital patients are unintentionally harmed by treatment. Aimed at hospital managers, clinicians and others involved in healthcare, this publication shows how medicine and health care management can benefit from approaches to safety in other areas. These key issues are studied under four broad angles, namely: conceptual foundations of safety management; approaches to investigating the nature and frequency of safety problems; analyses of the causes of adverse outcomes and risks to patients; approaches to improving safety and reducing risk. (75385)

CIS 00-1043 Migrant workers. (French: Travailleurs migrants) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, 1st ed., 1999. xiv, 323p. Illus. Price: CHF 35.00., ISBN 92-2-110808-2 (En), ISBN 92-2-210808-6 (Fr) (In English, French)

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Topics: conditions of work; employee rights; foreign workers; health services; ILO; international agreements; itinerant workers; legislation; migrant workers; permits-to-work; role of government; social aspects; terms of employment; UN; unemployment. (75231)

CIS 00-1044 Preventing accidents to children in agriculture - Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1999. iv, 15p. 17 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-1690-8 (In English)

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This Code of Practice replaces the 1988 Code on the same topic (see CIS 89-1555). It covers: risk assessment; general principles of accident prevention; operation of tractors and machinery; riding on machinery; other contact with machinery and moving vehicles; drowning and asphyxiation; falls; falling objects; contact with animals; hazardous substances; fire. In appendix: extracts from relevant legislation. (75194)

CIS 00-1045 Safety and health in forestry work: An ILO Code of Practice. (Chinese: Linye anquan weisheng guicheng) International Labour Office, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2000. 133p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CNY 12.00., ISBN 7-5045-2661-4 (In Chinese)

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This is the Chinese version of an earlier ILO publication on the same topic (see CIS 98-1284). Topics: conditions of work; directive; emergency organization; forestry and logging; glossary; ILO; international agreements; legal aspects; logging equipment; machinery; notification of accidents and diseases; personal protective equipment; plant health services; plant safety and health organization; protection against falls from heights; responsibilities; role of labour inspection; role of management; safe working methods; safety and health engineering; safety devices; translation; welfare facilities. (75381)

CIS 00-1046 Cleaning personnel. (French: L'agent de propreté) Beaucousins M., Chischportich J.J., Haëntjens C., Ponroy B., Segalen M., Robé V., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1997, Vol.37, No.1. 2p. Insert. (In French)

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Topics: cleaning; conditions of work; data sheet; domestic and related helpers, cleaners; France; health hazards; legislation; occupational diseases; occupations. (75212)

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CIS 00-1047 Non-neoplastic mortality of European workers who produce man made vitreous fibres. Sali D., Boffetta P., Andersen A., Cherrie J.W., Chang Claude J., Hansen J., Olsen J.H., Pesatori A.C., Plato N., Teppo L., Westerholm P., Winter P., Saracci R., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.612-617. 27 ref. (In English)

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Workers employed for at least 1 year in the production of rock or slag wool (RSW), glass wool (GW) and continuous filament (CF) were followed up from the beginning of production, between 1933 and 1950 to 1990-2, and contributed 256,352 person-years of observation. Mortality from bronchitis, emphysema and asthma was not increased. In RSW workers, there was no overall increase in mortality from non-malignant renal diseases, although there was the suggestion of an increase in risk with duration of employment. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease was not increased overall, but RSW and CF workers with ≥30 years since first employment had a higher risk. RSW and CF workers showed an increased mortality from external causes, mainly motor vehicle accidents and suicide, which was higher among workers with a short duration of employment. Mortality from most non-neoplastic diseases does not seem to be related to employment in the MMVF industry. The results on mortality from ischaemic heart disease and non-malignant renal diseases, however, warrant further investigations. (75106)

CIS 00-1048 Chrysotile asbestos emission from asbestos cement. (Russian: Emissija hrizotil-asbesta iz asbestocementnyh izdelij) Vezencev A.I., Nejman S.M., Naumova L.N., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1998, No.1, p.40-44. Illus. (In Russian)

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The release of chrysotile fibres from fresh and weathered (up to 36 years) asbestos cement building elements was investigated by electron microscopy. The emission of respirable fibres drops off with age at element surfaces that exhibit aggregation and chemical transformation (leaching, change in electrokinetic potential). Fibre emission is heavier from freshly fractured surfaces. It is suggested that stopping production is not warranted in view of a lower biological activity of the aged mineral, and it is recommended that the medical-biological properties of weathered chrysotile asbestos (cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity) be determined. (75276)

CIS 00-1049 Biological monitoring to assess exposure from use of isocyanates in motor vehicle repair. Williams N.R., Jones K., Cocker J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.598-601. 18 ref. (In English)

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A method for the measurement of a metabolite of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was developed and used to assess the exposure of sprayers employed in motor vehicle repair shops. Urine samples were taken from sprayers wearing personal protective equipment and spraying in booths or with local exhaust ventilation, from bystanders, and from unexposed subjects. Samples were analysed for a metabolite of HDI, hexamethylene diamine (HDA), by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HDA was detected in four sprayers and one bystander out of 22 workers. No HDA was detected in the urine of unexposed subjects. Exposure to isocyanates still occurs despite the use of personal protective equipment and the use of a booth or extracted space. Health surveillance is likely to be required to provide feedback on the adequacy of controls even if such precautions are used and to identify cases of early asthma. Biological monitoring can provide a useful additional tool to assess exposure and the adequacy of controls in this group of exposed workers. (75104)

CIS 00-1050 Role of individual susceptibility in risk assessment of pesticides. Leng G., Lewalter J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.56, No.7, p.449-453. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

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This study presents criteria for assessing the individual pesticide burden of workers in the chemical industry. A group of 1003 workers exposed to methylparathion or ethylparathion (alkyl phosphates), propoxur (carbamate) or cyfluthrin (pyrethroid) was investigated. After exposure, plasma concentrations of the products or their metabolites, p-nitrophenol concentration in urine, and activities of cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase were measured. At the same propoxur concentration, only workers with a low individual acetylcholinesterase activity reported symptoms. Workers who metabolized cyfluthrin rapidly reported fewer symptoms than workers with a lower rate of metabolism. This tendency was also evident in cases of mixed exposure (cyfluthrin and methylparathion). In the assessment of exposure to pesticides, susceptibility of the individual person has to be considered. (75123)

CIS 00-1051 Occupational health survey on workers exposed to 2-bromopropane at low concentrations. Ichihara G., Ding X., Yu X., Wu X., Kamijima M., Peng S., Jiang X., Takeuchi Y., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.523-531. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Recent case studies in Korea and animal studies revealed the reproductive and haematopoietic toxicity of 2-bromopropane introduced into workplaces as an alternative to ozone-layer depleting chlorofluorocarbons. We aimed to clarify the dose-effect relationship of 2-bromopropane in workers. The exposure concentration of 2-bromopropane and haematological indices, hormonal levels, menstruation status and sperm indices were examined in 25 workers (11 males, 14 females) at a 2-bromopropane factory. Regression analyses of the examined indices against time-weighted average (TWA) of exposure concentration were conducted. Amenorrhoea or polymenorrhoea was observed only in older females. Haematological indices had a significant relation with TWA of exposure concentration in females with normal menstruation. However, no other indices showed any significant relation with TWA of 2-bromopropane. No severe cases of reproductive or haematopoietic disorders were found at less than 10 ppm (TWA), but a possible adverse effect of 2-bromopropane on haematopoiesis could not be disproved. (75140)

CIS 00-1052 Assessment of occupational exposure to 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) in France. (Spanish: Evaluación de la exposición profesional a la 4,4-metilendianilina (MDA) en Francia) Robert A., Ducos P., Francin J.M., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1997, Vol.XLIV, No.173, p.1-11. 35 ref. (In Spanish)

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Translation of an article originally published in the French journal Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1996, No.165, Note No.2032-165-96 (see CIS 97-173). Contents: Methylenedianiline (MDA), a suspected human carcinogen in the European carcinogen classification system, is used in a number of industrial sectors in conjunction with resins and composite materials. Exposure to MDA was assessed in workers in 10 French firms by measuring urinary MDA excretion levels. Analysis of 368 post-shift urine samples collected from 133 workers reveals that urinary excretion of MDA is much higher in workers handling flaked MDA than in those handling MDA in solution (44% and 8% of values, respectively, in excess of 50µg/L). The mean rates were 140µg/L for the factories using flaked MDA and 13µg/L for the 6 factories using liquid formulations, with values ranging from 58 to 197µg/L and from <2 to 33µg/L respectively. Simple modifications of working practices can greatly reduce the urinary excretion levels, especially in workers handling flaked MDA. The usefulness of biological monitoring for following up exposed workers and assessing preventive measures is stressed. In the light of the current technical and analytical possibilities in France, it is recommended to reduce the present biological guide value used by industrial hygienists from 100µg/L down to 50µg/L. (75224)

CIS 00-1053 Smart sampling. Sutcliffe V., Occupational Hazards, Nov. 1999, Vol.61, No.11, p.65-68. Illus. (In English)

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Workplace sampling is done not only to determine the cause of serious health effects; companies are also sampling for their quality programs, for liability and for safety and health issues. Several factors should be taken into consideration: where to sample, what to sample, whom to sample, when to sample, how long and how many samples are to be taken. In order to perform statistical tests, a sufficient number of random samples must be taken. The AIHA protocol for establishing a sampling strategy is a useful guide. (75289)

CIS 00-1054 Concentration of natural rubber latex allergens in rubber products and in indoor air of hospitals and physicians' practices. (German: Naturlatexallergengehalt in Gummiartikeln und in der Raumluft von Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen) Chen Z., Baur X., Allergologie, Oct. 1999, Vol.22, No.10, p.598-605. 21 ref. (In German)

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Today, 75% of all latex gloves are powdered with corn starch, which has a respirable particle fraction of 20 to 30%. Thus latex allergens are released in indoor air. In dust samples taken from rooms in 2 hospitals and 2 doctors' practices in which powdered latex gloves were used, levels of allergenic latex protein of up to 714ng/m³ air were found. Samples taken in rooms in which no latex gloves were used contained no allergenic latex protein. An examination of 145 employees yielded a close relationship between the concentration of allergenic latex protein in indoor air and allergic respiratory disorders. At aeroallergen levels of 0.6ng/m³ and higher, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and symptoms of asthma were reported by 19 of 122 exposed employees while no such problems were found among the 23 non-exposed controls. Latex-specific IgE antibodies were found only in exposed persons. A switch of powdered latex gloves to non-powdered latex or synthetic gloves quickly reduced the airborne concentration below the detection limit. (75297)

CIS 00-1055 Current situation with respect to compensation of occupational diseases resulting from asbestos dust inhalation. (French: Etat actuel de la réparation des affections professionnelles consécutives à l'inhalation de poussières d'amiante) Hadengue P., Deslauriers M., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Nov. 1998, Vol.59, No.7, p.499-506. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: asbestos; asbestosis; compensation of occupational diseases; degree of disability; France; mineral dust pneumoconiosis; occupational medicine; pleural mesothelioma; responsibilities of employees; responsibilities of employers; short-fibred dust. (75320)

CIS 00-1056 Occupational asthma due to dioctyl phthalate in a bottle capsule production worker. (Italian: Asma occupazionale da dioctil-ftalato in una addetta alla produzione di tappi per bottiglia) Cipolla C., Belisario A., Sassi C., Auletti G., Nobile M., Raffi G.B., Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1999, Vol.90, No.3, p.513-518. Illus. 20 ref. (In Italian)

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A case of occupational asthma caused by dioctyl phthalate, an agent that does not commonly induce asthma, in a worker close to equipment for the preparation and baking of sealant-lined bottle capsule is described. Clinical history, environmental monitoring and pulmonary function tests (bronchodilatation with salbutamol, ventilatory capacity) data, and work interruptions were analysed. A good correlation between work and the worker's asthma was found. Lack of ventilation during conveyor belt and oven malfunction produced excessive exposure. (75343)

CIS 00-1057 Harmful occupational agents and endocrine function: An update on experimental and human data. (Italian: Agenti occupazionali e funzione endocrina: aggiornamento delle evidenze sperimentali e nell'uomo) Baccarelli A., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.90, No.5, p.650-670. 115 ref. (In Italian)

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This paper reviews endocrine effects of chemicals and physical agents in man, in laboratory animals and in in vitro experiments. Effects on the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and calcium metabolism, adrenal glands and glucose metabolism are discussed. Metals (lead, manganese, cadmium, organotin compounds), solvents (benzene, dioxane, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene), organochlorine compounds (PCB, TCDD) and physical agents were shown to cause blood-level alterations and affect the circadian rhythm. Diabetes mellitus might arise as a result of occupational exposure or heighten the susceptibility to occupational diseases. (75348)

CIS 00-1058 Asbestosis and small cell lung cancer in a clutch refabricator. Levin J.L., O'Sullivan M.F., Corn C.J., Glenn Williams M., Dodson R.F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.602-605. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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A case of asbestosis and small cell lung cancer in a clutch refabricator is described. Exposed surfaces of used clutches similar to those refabricated in the worker's workplace were rinsed, and the filtrate analysed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Tissue samples were also analysed by this technique. Numerous chrysotile fibres of respirable dimensions and sufficient length to form ferruginous bodies (FBs) were detected from rinsed filtrates of the clutch. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained many FBs, characteristic of asbestos bodies. Necropsy lung tissue showed grade 4 asbestosis and a small cell carcinoma in the right pulmonary hilum. Tissue analysis by light and analytical electron microscopy showed tissue burdens of coated and uncoated asbestos fibres greatly exceeding reported environmental concentrations (3810 FBs/g dry weight and 2,080,000 structures ≥0.5µm/g dry weight respectively). 72% of the cores were identified as chrysotile. In conclusion, clutch refabrication may lead to exposure to asbestos of sufficient magnitude to cause asbestosis and lung cancer. (75105)

CIS 00-1059 Decrements in cognitive performance in metal inert gas welders exposed to aluminium. Akila R., Stollery B.T., Riihimäki V., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.56, No.9, p.632-639. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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In most investigations, little is discovered of the effects of exposure to occupational toxins on cognitive function because many functions cooperate to produce the single performance scores typically reported from neuropsychological tests. To facilitate the interpretation of neuropsychological scores, the issue of occupational exposure to aluminium was examined with an approach intended to increase understanding of those cognitive processes that may be affected. The impairments found were circumscribed. When the neuropsychological tasks were scored to show some of the underlying theoretical cognitive structures, the results indicated that performance difficulties were mainly detected in tasks requiring working memory, particularly that relating to processing of visuospatial information. There was also evidence that such impairments are more readily found in time limited tasks involving visually presented material, in which effective visual scanning combined with control of working memory is demanded. (75109)

CIS 00-1060 Genetic damage in operating room personnel exposed to isoflurane and nitrous oxide. Hoerauf K., Lierz M., Wiesner G., Schroegendorfer K., Lierz P., Spacek A., Brunnberg L., Nüsse M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.56, No.7, p.433-437. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate possible genetic damage in lymphocytes, exposure of operating room personnel to waste anaesthetic gases was measured. Venous blood samples were drawn and lymphocytes were cultured. The operating room personnel at the hospital were exposed to an 8-hour time weighted average of 12.8ppm nitrous oxide and 5.3ppm isoflurane. The mean sister chromatid exchange frequency was significantly higher in exposed workers than controls; the proportion of micronuclei was also higher but not significant. Exposure even to trace concentrations of waste anaesthetic gases may cause dose-dependent genetic damage. Concerning the micronuclei test, no clastogenic potential could be detected after average chronic exposure to waste anaesthetic gas. However, an increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes could be detected. (75121)

CIS 00-1061 Occupational IgE sensitisation to phytase, a phosphatase derived from Aspergillus niger. Doekes G., Kamminga N., Helwegen L., Heederik D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.56, No.7, p.454-459. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to assess whether work-related respiratory symptoms among workers in a premix factory producing animal feed additives could be due to type I (mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)) allergic sensitization to phytase. Strongest IgE reactions were found in four exposed workers who reported work-related respiratory symptoms, particularly wheezing, and in one internal control who possibly had become sensitized because the structure of the factory building did not preclude airborne exposure in the offices and corridors of the plant. Phytase is a potentially important new occupational allergen causing specific IgE immune responses among exposed workers. Such IgE sensitization could probably be the cause of work-related asthmatic and other respiratory symptoms if no effective measures are taken to prevent airborne occupational exposure at sites where phytase is handled, particularly during addition of enzyme preparations to animal feed. (75124)

CIS 00-1062 Evaluation of exposure to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetates and their possible haematological effects on shipyard painters. Kim Y., Lee N.R., Sakai T., Kim K.S., Yang J.S., Park S., Lee C.R., Cheong H.K., Moon Y., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.378-382. 19 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to mixed solvents containing ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEEA) in shipyard painters in order to determine if EGEEA is toxic to the bone marrow. The mean exposure concentration to EGEEA in the high and low exposure groups were 3.03ppm and 1.76ppm, respectively. The concentrations of methyl hippuric acid and ethoxyacetic acid in the high exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The mean white blood cell counts in the high exposure group were significantly lower than in the control group, and a significant proportion, six of the 57 painters, were leucopenic; none of the controls were affected. The high rate of possible haematological effects among shipyard painters and a hygienic evaluation of their working environment in the present study suggests that EGEEA might be toxic to bone marrow. (75126)

CIS 00-1063 Health effects of solvent exposure among dockyard painters: Mortality and neuropsychological symptoms. Chen R., Dick F., Seaton A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.383-387. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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A mortality study of 1292 male painters who had worked in a dockyard in Scotland for ≥ 1 year between 1950 and 1992 comprised a nested cross-sectional study of 953 surviving painters from the cohort and 953 male non-painters randomly selected from the local population together with a case-control study of those with high symptom scores. Mortality, symptoms and risks associated with painting, adjusting for age, education, smoking, alcohol and personality were measured. Standardized mortality ratios were not signficantly increased. Among the 260 surviving painters and 539 community controls who responded to the questionnaire, there was a significant excess of symptoms among painters; adjusted relative risk (RR) increased significantly with increasing symptom score. These RRs suggested an exposure-response relation. (75127)

CIS 00-1064 Incidence rates of occupational contact urticaria caused by natural rubber latex. Jolanki R., Estlander T., Alanko K., Savela A., Kanerva L., Contact Dermatitis, June 1999, Vol.40, No.6, p.329-331. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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Topics: allergens; domestic and related helpers, cleaners; Finland; frequency rates; health care personnel; laboratory work; latex; morbidity; natural rubber; skin allergies; statistical evaluation; statistics; urticaria. (75132)

CIS 00-1065 Blood lead in Swedish police officers. Löfstedt H., Seldén A., Storéus L., Bodin L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.519-522. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Shooting with lead-containing ammunition in firing ranges is a well-known source of lead exposure in adults, and police officers may be at risk of lead intoxication. Swedish police officers considered as the most active shooters on and/or off duty responded to a questionnaire about health, lifestyle, shooting habits and potential lead exposure. Blood samples were collected and analysed for PbB and a multivariate regression analysis was performed. The mean PbB in male officers was 0.24µmol/L, and in female officers it was even lower (0.18µmol/L). For both sexes combined, a positive correlation of PbB with the number of bullets annually fired both on and off duty was observed and this finding remained in a multiple regression analysis including age, smoking habits and latency from last shooting exercise. Occupational and recreational lead exposure from firing ranges still seems to be a source of lead exposure in Swedish police officers, but it no longer appears to he a health risk. Lead-free ammunition and well-ventilated indoor firing ranges may have been decisive for this encouraging finding. (75139)

CIS 00-1066 Reproductive endocrine effects of acute exposure to toluene in men and women. Luderer U., Morgan M.S., Brodkin C.A., Kalman D.A., Faustman E.M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.657-666. Illus. 46 ref. (In English)

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Women in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and men were given to inhale filtered air with or without 50ppm toluene for 3 hours. In men, mean concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) showed a significant interaction between exposure and sampling period, with a greater LH decline during exposure to toluene than sham exposure. However, there was no concomitant effect on testosterone concentrations. The LH pulse frequency of women in the luteal phase showed a trend towards a significant interaction between exposure and sampling period (p=0.06), with a greater decline in pulse frequency during exposure to toluenethan sham exposure. There were no other significant effects of exposure to toluene. Three-hour exposure to 50ppm toluene did not result in abnormal episodic LH or follicle stimulating hormone secretion profiles. However, subtle effects on LH secretion in men and women in the luteal phase were found. (75183)

CIS 00-1067 Mortalities of workers at the Nitro plant with exposure to 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Collins J.J., Strauss M.E., Riordan S.G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.667-671. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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A cohort study of workers exposed to 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) at a rubber chemicals plant in Nitro (West Virginia) examines the mortalities of 1,059 full-time white male production workers employed at the plant from 1955 to 1977. A detailed exposure assessment was done on the 600 workers with exposure to MBT. It was found that MBT workers have expected rates of lung and prostate cancer. There was an excess of bladder cancer among MBT workers who had definite exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl (PAB), and MBT workers with potential exposure to PAB. However, there were no deaths from bladder cancer among workers with no exposure to PAB, although there were only 0.2 deaths expected. The potential confounding of exposure to PAB an unknown portion of in the MBT workers makes it impossible to evaluate risk of bladder cancer in this population at this time. However, exposure to MBT does not seem to increase the risk of most cancers including cancers of the lung and prostate. (75184)

CIS 00-1068 Correlation between urinary 2-methoxy acetic acid and exposure to 2-methoxy ethanol. Shih T.S., Liou S.H., Chen C.Y., Chou J.S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.56, No.10, p.674-678. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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To examine the correlation between airborne 2-methoxy ethanol (ME) exposures and urinary 2-methoxy acetic acid (MAA), 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) personal breathing zone samples and urine samples before and after the shift were collected from Monday to Saturday for 27 workers exposed to ME and on Friday for 30 control workers. No correlation was found between airborne exposure to ME and urinary MAA for special operation workers due to the use of personal protective equipment. For regular operation workers, a significant correlation was found between urinary MAA (mg/g creatinine) on Friday at the end of the shift and the weekly mean exposures of ME in a 5 day working week. The proposed biological exposure index BEI, which corresponds to exposure for 5 days and 8 hours a day to 5ppm, extrapolated from the regression equation, is 40mg MAA/g creatinine. A significant correlation was also found between the weekly increase of urinary MAA and the weekly mean exposures of ME. The recommended value of the weekly increase of urinary MAA for 5 days repeated exposures of 5ppm ME is 20mg/g creatinine. (75186)

CIS 00-1069 Acute poisoning from occupational exposure to hexogen, a novel nitrate explosive. (Spanish: Intoxicaciones agudas profesionales por el hexógeno, un explosivo nitrado original) Testud F., Glancaude J.M., Imperatori J., Le Meur B., Descotes J., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.XLIII, No.171, p.119-127. 14 ref. (In Spanish)

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Translation of an article originally published in the French journal Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 1996, Vol.57, No.5 (see CIS 97-561). Contents: Two cases of hexogen-induced seizures after occupational exposure in a French explosive factory are described. The workers were hand-sieving large amounts of dry hexogen powder for four and six hours, respectively. Recurrent seizures occurred despite anticonvulsant therapy, six and two hours after admission, respectively. Neurological examination was normal in both patients and both recovered uneventfully. Previous cases were found after a retrospective study of the factory's medical records. The available toxicological data on this rare occupational poisoning are reviewed. (75223)

CIS 00-1070 Reporting and compensation of mesothelioma associated with occupational exposure to asbestos in Romagna, Italy (1986-1994). (Italian: Denuncia ed indennizzo del mesotelioma da esposizione professionale ad asbesto in Romagna (1986-1994)) Gruppo di lavoro per la sorveglianza del mesotelioma in Romagna, Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1999, Vol.90, No.3, p.460-472. 33 ref. (In Italian)

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The working group for mesothelioma surveillance investigated 94 cases reported to the Cancer Registry of the Romagna region of Italy between 1986 and 1994 with respect to reporting practice, compensation criteria and decisions, and occupational history, including asbestos exposure. The involvement of hospital and company physicians, the rates of reporting and compensation, and past coverage of cancer and mesothelioma records were found to be insufficient. A more accurate diagnostic process and swifter notification to the occupational health authorities appear desirable for improved compensation. (75341)

CIS 00-1071 Agricultural chemical safety training materials for farm workers: Review and annotated bibliography. Quandt S.A., Austin C.K., Arcury T.A., Summers M.E., Saavedra R.M., Journal of Agromedicine, 1999, Vol.6, No.1, p.3-24. 19 ref. (In English)

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Preventing or reducing exposure to agricultural chemicals is an important focus for health educators serving migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families. The development of the US Environmental Protection Agency Worker Protection Standard requiring that farmworkers receive pesticide-related training created a demand for culturally appropriate and effective training materials, yet no compendium of such materials exists. This paper reports the results of a search for and evaluation of training materials designed for use with farmworkers. There is considerable redundancy in the training materials currently available to health educators. Few items address the health issue of chemical residues in the fields, an important source of low-level chronic chemical exposure for farmworkers. There are no published evaluations of the effectiveness of any of the materials. This review suggests the need for further development and testing of appropriate training materials to reduce the exposure of farmworkers to agricultural chemicals. (75113)

CIS 00-1072 Exposure of pesticide applicators as a basis for risk assessment. (German: Expositionsumfang bei Pflanzenschutzmittelapplikatoren als Grundlage für die Abschätzung der Belastung) Krüger E., Straube E., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 1999, Vol.49, No.10, p.367-372. Illus. 15 ref. (In German)

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The number of hours of exposure and the types of pesticides sprayed by workers on twelve farms in the Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, were determined. These data were collected for 28, 27 and 30 workers in the years 1995, 1996 and 1997. The total hours of exposure in those years ranged from 28 to 727 in 1995, from 4 to 906 in 1996 and from 1 to 983 in 1997. With an average of 56 hours of exposure in the 3 years, pesticides containing pyrethroids as active ingredients were applied the most often. They were followed by carbamate pesticides with an average of 48 hours of exposure over the 3 years and the organophosphorus pesticides with an average 3-year exposure of 38 hours. Only a small proportion of the applied pesticides belonged to the highly toxic or toxic groups. Herbicides were the most frequently used pesticides. From the widely varying extent of individual exposures and types of pesticides used by each worker it is concluded that personal sampling is needed to find the true exposure of each worker. (75291)

CIS 00-1073 Exposure to toluene in the printing industry is associated with subfecundity in women but not in men. Plenge-Bönig A., Karmaus W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.56, No.7, p.443-448. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

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In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 150 male and 90 female printing industry workers were interviewed retrospectively on reproductive experience with a modified version of the European study of infertility and subfecundity questionnaire. Male workers who had been exposed to different concentrations of toluene and their partners did not show a reduction in fecundity. In women fecundity was reduced. After considering possible biases, low daily exposure to toluene in women seems to be associated with reduced fecundity. This result is in accordance with other findings for organic solvents and supports both the hypotheses that they could affect hormonal regulation and that organic solvents increase early foetal losses, which in turn contributes to lower frequency of unprotected intercourse. (75122)

CIS 00-1074 Technical measures for the reduction of risks posed by man-made mineral fibres and requirements for possible alternatives. (German: Technische Massnahmen zur Verminderung der Risiken durch künstliche Mineralfasern (KMF) sowie Anforderungen an mögliche Alternativen) Werbung und Vertrieb, Ahornstrasse 1-2, 10787 Berlin, Germany, Apr. 1998. 177p. Illus. approx. 165 ref. Price: DM 20.00. (In German)

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Two reports are presented which provide a survey of man-made mineral fibres in insulating materials installed in buildings for sound isolation, heat insulation and fire protection. Covered are inorganic fibres such as glass fibres, mineral wool and ceramic fibres and organic fibres such as cellulosic fibres, cotton and wool fibres. Insulating materials made of inorganic and organic foam materials are also addressed. In all cases, data on the amounts of insulating materials produced, the harmful emissions generated during production installation and use in buildings as well as during demolition work, are summarized. The suitability of the different insulating materials for application in various parts of the building for heat insulation, sound isolation and fire protection is assessed from the properties. (75366)

CIS 00-1075 Elements of toxicology. (French: Eléments de toxicologie) Viala A., Technique & Documentation Lavoisier, 11, rue Lavoisier, F75384 Paris Cedex 08, 1998. xx, 521p. Illus. 44 ref. Index. Price: FRF 595.00., ISBN 2-7430-0287-5 (In French)

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Contents of this university-level manual on toxicology: general toxicology (toxic effects, toxicokinetics, main types of intoxication, toxic effects on various body systems, ecotoxicology, treatment); analytic toxicology; toxicology of specific substances or groups of substances (carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, chlorinated solvents, benzene and its homologues, aromatic amine derivatives, aromatic nitro compounds, arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, other metals, medicinal drugs, drug addiction, tobacco, pesticides and household products). (75095)

CIS 00-1076 The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and Guidelines to classification 1998-1999. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1998. 61p. Index. (In English)

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Part 1 of this document describes the basis of the WHO system for the classification of pesticides according to their acute risk to health. The classification is based primarily on the acute oral and dermal toxicity to the rat (LD₅₀ values). A table shows LD₅₀ values for each class of pesticide: extremely hazardous, highly hazardous, moderately hazardous, and slightly hazardous. The application of the criteria for classification is explained along with the effects of classification on labelling. Part 2 provides lists of products in the 4 hazard classes and a list of pesticides considered unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use. Further tables are provided for determining the hazard class of a formulation. Update of CIS 97-945. (75096)

CIS 00-1077 Methods to control styrene exposure in the reinforced plastics industry. Säämänen A., Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O. Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 1998. 148p. Illus. approx. 200 ref., ISBN 951-38-5250-4 (In English)

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http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1998/P354.pdf

Styrene exposure and the performance of current ventilation systems were measured in 17 reinforced plastics plants. The characteristics of styrene emission during hand lay-up and the effect of a rolled area on styrene evaporation were also determined. In order to meet the present exposure limit, local ventilation techniques should be used in combination with other control measures. Well-designed zonal ventilation methods produced a favourable airflow pattern for controlling styrene vapours in the lamination area. However, work practices must be synchronized with the airflow pattern before low styrene exposure levels are reached. Styrene control during hand lay-up moulding is also possible with the use of several local exhaust hoods. The use of vapour-suppressed resin reduced the total styrene emission by 30-60%, but the reduction was much lower during active lamination. After rolling, the emission from the vapour-suppressed resin was found to be very low, and, therefore, the emission rate was dependent on the size of the surface area rolled simultaneously. The use of these resins is beneficial, especially when large products are laminated. (75237)

CIS 00-1078 Peroxisome proliferation and its role in carcinogenesis. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France, 1995. v, 85p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-832-1493-0 (In English)

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Topics: animal experiments; cancer; carcinogenic effects; carcinogens; genetic effects; IARC; liver cancer; report; toxic substances. (75240)

CIS 00-1079 Toxicological evaluation of a relationship between the exposure to pentachlorophenol-containing wood preservatives in day-care centres and health problems among nursery staff. (German: Toxikologische Bewertung eines Zusammenhanges zwischen der Exposition gegenüber Pentachlorphenol-haltigen Holzschutzmitteln in Kindertagesstätten und der Ausbildung von Gesundheitsstörungen bei den dort beschäftigten Kindergärtnerinnen und Hilfskräften) Volkheimer B., Alsen-Hinrichs C., Wassermann O., Institut für Toxikologie der Universität Kiel (ITUK), Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany, 1998. 201p. Approx. 220 ref. (In German)

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Wood preservatives containing pentachlorophenol and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane were widely applied in Germany in the 1970s inside buildings. The presence of the highly toxic polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as undesirable side products has been known since 1957. In the years 1985 to 1986 the first reports about nursery staff having been exposed to wood preservatives appeared in Germany. Measurements in nursery schools yielded high concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in indoor air. The relationship between exposure to wood preservatives and respiratory diseases, irritation of the skin, eyes and mucosa, tachycardia, headache, nausea and diseases of the blood-forming organs found in examinations of exposed nursery staff is discussed. (75293)

CIS 00-1080 Azathioprine - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 32p. 11 ref., ISBN 90-5549-290-6 (In English)

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Azathioprine is an immunosupressant. Main tumours in human after treatment with azathioprine include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell cancers of the skin, hepatobiliary carcinomas and mesenchymal tumours. Additional lifetime cancer risk for azathioprine amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.005mg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.5mg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; health risk to workers, calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (toxic effect: bone-marrow depression). Summary in Dutch. (75301)

CIS 00-1081 β-Butyrolactone - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 30p. 14 ref., ISBN 90-5549-291-4 (In English)

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Due to a lack of sufficient data, it is not possible to estimate the additional lifetime cancer risk for β-butyrolactone. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile. Summary in Dutch. (75302)

CIS 00-1082 Carbadox - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 32p. 14 ref., ISBN 90-5549-292-2 (In English)

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Additional lifetime cancer risk for carbadox (an antibiotic used in pigfeed) amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.003mg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.3mg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; health risk to workers, calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile. Summary in Dutch. (75303)

CIS 00-1083 1,2-Dibromoethane - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 32p. 21 ref., ISBN 90-5549-293-0 (In English)

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1,2-Dibromoethane is used as a fumigant. Additional lifetime cancer risk for 1,2-dibromoethane amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.002mg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.2mg/m³ Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (eyes, skin and respiratory tract irritation, nose metaplasia and hepatotoxic effects). Summary in Dutch. (75304)

CIS 00-1084 Diethylsulphate - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 30p. 18 ref., ISBN 90-5549-294-9 (In English)

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Due to a lack of sufficient data, it is not possible to estimate the additional lifetime cancer risk for diethyl sulfate. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (corrosive substance that can cause skin burns; it is harmful following inhalation, oral and dermal exposure). Summary in Dutch. (75305)

CIS 00-1085 Diglycidyl resorcinol ether - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 30p. 9 ref., ISBN 90-5549-295-7 (In English)

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Due to a lack of sufficient data, it is not possible to estimate the additional lifetime cancer risk for resorcinol diglycidyl ether. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (severe skin irritation and sensitization). Summary in Dutch. (75306)

CIS 00-1086 2-Methylaziridine (propylene imine) - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 30p. 11 ref., ISBN 90-5549-296-5 (In English)

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Additional lifetime cancer risk for 2-methylaziridine amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.6µg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 60µg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile summary in Dutch. (75307)

CIS 00-1087 Metronidazole - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 35p. 29 ref., ISBN 90-5549-297-3 (In English)

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Metronidazole is an active substance used in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Additional lifetime cancer risk for metronidazole amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.12µg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 12µg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; estimation of the potential risk of cancer under workplace exposure conditions on the basis of epidemiologic data; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile. Summary in Dutch. (75308)

CIS 00-1088 N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 33p. 19 ref., ISBN 90-5549-298-1 (In English)

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Additional lifetime cancer risk for dimethylnitrosoamine amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.002µg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.2µg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; health risk to workers, calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (highly toxic, hepatotoxicity, centrilobular necrosis with haemorrage, followed by ascites and jaundice). Summary in Dutch. (75309)

CIS 00-1089 2-Nitropropane - Health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 16052, 2500 BB Den Haag, Netherlands, 1999. 34p. 25 ref., ISBN 90-5549-299-X (In English)

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Additional lifetime cancer risk for 2-nitropropane amounts to 4 x 10^-5 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 0.036mg/m³, and 4 x 10^-3 for 40 years of occupational exposure to 3.6mg/m³. Main topics covered: carcinogenicity studies and selection of the study suitable for risk estimation in occupational situations; carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, life-time low-dose exposure; health risk to humans; health risk to workers, calculation of the health-based calculated occupational cancer risk values; existing occupational exposure limits; toxicity profile (accidental exposure: liver damage; daily exposure: headache, nausea, anorexia). Summary in Dutch. (75310)

CIS 00-1090 National seminar on management of hazardous chemicals: Safety, health and environment. Multi Disciplinary Centre on Safety, Health and Environment, C-38, Unit-VIII, Bhubaneshwar 751 003, India, 2000. 252p. Illus. (In English)

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Proceedings of a conference on safety, health and environmental issues relating to hazardous chemicals held in Bhubaneshwar, India, 21-22 January 2000. Contents include general principles on managing risks from hazardous chemicals, risk planning tools and methods, standardization, Indian legislation and regulations. Examples and case studies are drawn from specific industries or geographical settings (mining, paper industry, the Port of Paradip, the State of Orissa, fire in a bleaching powder warehouse). (75388)

CIS 00-1091 Assessment of the cancer risk from exposure to dioxins. (German: Krebsrisikoabschätzung für Dioxine) Becher H., Flesch-Janys D., Gurn P., Steindorf K., Umweltbundesamt, Postfach 33 00 22, 14191 Berlin, Germany, 1998. 261p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-503-05055-8 (In German)

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The cancer risk of the general population in Germany due to a lifetime exposure to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in concentrations found in the environment today was assessed. The data of a case control study of the cancer mortality among workers in a chemical plant in Hamburg, Germany, with high exposure to PCDD/PCDF were used as a base. The case-control study yielded a nearly linear dose-response relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or the toxicity equivalent TEQ in pg/kg blood fat and cancer. In the study the cancer mortality among 1,189 chemical workers and the involved exposure doses were determined and compared with a control group of 2,518 workers in a gas company. For ambient concentrations of TCDD of 8.7fg/m³ in metropolitan areas and 1.3fg/m³ in rural areas an average cancer risk for the population in Germany of 1.7 cases per million was derived. (75361)

CIS 00-1092 Fertility among workers exposed to solvents or lead. Sallmén M., Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, Helsinki 00250, Finland, 2000. 80p. + Annex (49p.). Illus. 157 ref., ISBN 951-802-358-1 (In English)

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To investigate whether occupational exposure to solvents or lead is associated with reduced fertility, data on time to pregnancy were collected for female workers and wives of male workers biologically monitored for exposure to these agents. Exposure assessment was based on biological exposure measurements and on self-reported data on work and use of chemicals. Also, a register-based study on infertility was conducted among the families of lead-exposed men. Daily or high maternal exposure to organic solvents was associated with reduced fertility, particularly among women working in dry-cleaning shops, shoe factories and in the metal industry. No clear connection was found between maternal exposure to lead and fecundity. There is some indication that paternal exposure to solvents is associated with decreased fertility and that paternal exposure to lead may be associated with delayed conception. Five research articles on these topics are reproduced in the Annex (the author being among the co-authors in every case). (75382)

CIS 00-1093 Technical guide for the use of personal protective equipment by workers at the workplace. (Spanish: Guía técnica para la utilización por los trabajadores en el trabajo de los equipos de protección individual) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 43p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 84-7425-533-3 (In Spanish)

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Guidance to the proper implementation of Royal Decree 773/1997 concerning the safe use of personal protective equipment in Spain (see CIS 98-367). (75376)

CIS 00-1094 Pesticide formulation - Recent developments and their applications in developing countries. Van Valkenburg W., Sugavanam B., Khetan S.K., United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), eds., New Age International (P) Limited, 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India, 1998. xiii, 472p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 81-224-1069-3 (In English)

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Topics: agricultural chemicals; chemical safety; crop protection; design of equipment; developing countries; directive; ecotoxicology; environmental pollution; pesticide production; pesticides; plant safety organization; safety by design; safety guides; UNIDO; waste disposal. (75232)

CIS 00-1095 Farm chemicals handbook '99. Meister Publishing Company, Annuals Department, 37733 Euclid Avenue, Willoughby, OH 44094, USA, 1999. Vol.85, 969p. Illus. Price: USD 92.00., ISBN 1-892829-02-9 (In English)

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Update of a manual on fertilizers and pesticides, previously abstracted as CIS 95-270. Topics: agricultural chemicals; biological insecticides; crop protection; directory; environmental pollution; fertilizers; first aid; legislation; list of chemical substances; pesticides; safe working methods; toxic effects; USA; uses. (75234)

CIS 00-1096 Indoor climate labeling of building materials - Chemical emission testing, modeling, and indoor revelant odor thresholds. Wolkoff P., Nielsen P.A., National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, 1993. 81p. Illus. approx. 120 ref. Price: DKK 175.00., ISBN 87-7534-443-2 (In English)

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Topics: building materials; carpets; Denmark; labelling; legislation; mathematical models; odour threshold; organic compounds; paints; sampling and analysis; sealants; sick building syndrome; volatile substances. (75238)

CIS 00-1097 Chemical hazards. (Spanish: Riesgo químico) Bartual Sánchez J., ed., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 261p. Illus. 71 ref., ISBN 84-7425-522-8 (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical hazards; chemical products; chemical reactions; electrical safety; environmental pollution; explosion protection; fire protection; first-aid organization; hazard evaluation; health hazards; major hazards; manuals; medical supervision; personal protective equipment; plant safety and health organization; pressure vessels and systems; risk factors; Spain; thermochemical properties; toxic effects. (75377)

CIS 00-1098 COSHH: A brief guide to the regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 19p. 17 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet provides guidance on the main requirements of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH, see CIS 00-620) 1999. It describes the seven steps required to comply with COSHH, namely: assess the risks to health; decide what precautions are needed; prevent or adequately control exposure; ensure that control measures are complied with; monitor exposure; carry out appropriate health surveillance; ensure that employees are properly informed, trained and supervised. (More detailed guidance on risk assessment is provided in CIS 00-961). (75178)

CIS 00-1099 Cadmium in silver soldering or brazing. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1999. 4p. 13 ref. (In English)

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Topics: cadmium oxide; cadmium; chemical pneumonitis; data sheet; exposure tests; health hazards; irritants; limitation of exposure; permissible levels; silver brazing; soldering and brazing; United Kingdom; welding fumes. (75191)

CIS 00-1100 Occupational exposure limits 1999. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. vi, 94p. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1660-6 (In English)

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This annual guidance note replaces EH 40/98 (CIS 98-246). It lists maximum exposure limits, occupational exposure standards and biological monitoring guidance values for use with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (see CIS 00-620). Substances currently under review are also listed. Additional sections contain detailed discussions of how to control exposure (setting and applying occupational exposure limits; new limits, reviews and revisions; substances which constitute special cases - carcinogens, respiratory sensitizers, lead and asbestos, pesticides, exposure in mines); monitoring exposure and mixed exposures. A technical supplement describes changes to the previous edition and provides examples of exposure calculations. (75196)

CIS 00-1101 Carbon monoxide poisoning and death after the use of explosives in a sewer construction project. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Aug. 1998. 2p. (In English)

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Topics: carbon monoxide; carboxyhaemoglobin; case study; CO diffusion; confined spaces; construction industry; data sheet; fatalities; manholes; USA; work in sewers. (75198)

CIS 00-1102 Controlling chemical hazards during the application of artificial fingernails. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Jan. 1999. 4p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: asthma; beauty parlours; ethyl methacrylate; data sheet; eczema; exhaust ventilation; health hazards; personal hygiene; protective clothing; safe working methods; USA. (75199)

CIS 00-1103 Control of nitrous oxide during cryosurgery. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Jan. 1999. 3p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: nitrous oxide; cryogenic fluids; data sheet; exhaust ventilation; gas cylinders; maintenance; substitution; surgical treatment; USA. (75200)

CIS 00-1104 Limit values for occupational exposure to dangerous substances recommended by ACGIH in the United States and the MAK Commission in Germany. (Spanish: Valores límite de exposición profesional a las sustancias peligrosas según la ACGIH de los Estados Unidos y de la comisión alemana MAK) Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.XLIII, No.170, p.71-112. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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Spanish-language version of a document that originally appeared in the French publication Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1996, No.163, Note No.2022-163-96, p.197-227 (see CIS 96-1436). It comprises three parts: 1) An introduction presenting the respective policies of the two organizations, and definitions of the types of values given and their limitations. 2) A synoptic table of mean exposure limit values recommended by the ACGIH (United States) and the MAK Commission (Germany). The table also mentions carcinogenicity, the possibility of skin penetration, the risk of allergy and the types of particle considered (inhalable or alveolar). 3) An appendix containing all the relevant details for optimum use of the data provided. For the ACGIH: limit values for mixtures, dusts, carcinogens, dangerous substances of variable composition. For the MAK Commission: carcinogenic substances, mixtures, pregnancy, TRK values (technical reference concentrations), substances that alter the genetic heritage, metals dusts and compounds, smoking. (75221)

CIS 00-1105 Toxic substances for male reproductive health. (Spanish: Tóxicos para la reproducción masculina) Huici Montagud A., Bonilla Hidalgo M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 8p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: antifertility effects; classification; comment on directive; data sheet; embryotoxic effects; labelling; legislation; mutagens; Spain; spermatogenic disturbances; toxic substances; warning notices. (75336)

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CIS 00-1106 Respirators for extended time use. (German: Langzeitatemschutzgerät) Grau T., Brandschutz, Oct. 1999, Vol.53, No.10, p.858-861. Illus. 3 ref. (In German)

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A fire requiring 60 minutes to be put out by fire fighters is used as an example to illustrate the advantages of the use of regenerative chemical oxygen versus compressed air respirators. The latter provides breathing for only 20 minutes, hence three groups of firefighters equipped with this type of respirator are needed in a 60-minute duty call. A switch to the regenerative chemical oxygen respirators would reduce the number of firefighters and fire engines required on the scene. A survey of 20 fire services in Germany with a total of 4,600 firefighters has revealed a need for respirators that provide more time on the scene. According to this survey, approximately 60% of all fires require the presence of firefighters during 15 to 30 minutes, and 5% of the fires require more than 60 minutes of presence. (75295)

CIS 00-1107 A model for the ignition probability of flammable gases - Phase 2. Spencer H., Daycock J.H., Rew P.J., Health and Safety Executive, Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Collegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ, United Kingdom, 1998. iv, 121p. Illus. 24 ref. Price: GBP 37.50., ISBN 0-7176-1657-6 (In English)

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The first phase of this study was abstracted as CIS 97-2013. Topics: explosion hazards; fire hazards; flammability; flammable gases; hazard evaluation; mathematical models; probability analysis; report; sources of ignition; statistical evaluation; United Kingdom; vapour clouds. (75235)

CIS 00-1108 GAME: Development of guidance for the application of the multi-energy method. Eggen J.B.M.M., Health and Safety Executive, Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Collegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ, United Kingdom, 1st ed., 1998. iv, 122p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: GBP 32.50., ISBN 0-7176-1651-7 (In English)

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Sponsors from government and industry funded a research project to formulate additional Guidance for the Application of the Multi-Energy method, abbreviated as "GAME". The research demonstrated options to obtain less conservative estimates for explosion strength and size based on the analysis of a number of explosion experiments. The research resulted in the definition of a formal procedure to estimate the overpressure generated by an explosion with two experimental correlations for specific conditions. The main feature of these correlations is that they support a differentiated choice for the expected overpressure based on the value of the correlation argument, which is calculated from the laminar burning velocity of the combustible mixture, the maximum path length available to a flame from the ignition location and two parameters to characterize the obstacle configuration: a volume blockage ratio and a typical obstacle diameter. Since real-life circumstances differ from the idealized conditions in the analysed explosion experiments, applying the knowledge obtained to real-life scenarios is highly recommended. (75236)

CIS 00-1109 Fire protection yearbook 2000. Steer A., ed., Fire Protection Association, Bastille Court, 2 Paris Garden, London SE1 8ND, United Kingdom, 2000. 272p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 1-902790-05-7 (In English)

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This edition of the yearbook contains the following information: legislative aspects of fire protection in the UK; fire safety structure in the United Kingdom (including a list of useful addresses); fire services in the UK (including a map of fire brigade areas and an address list of fire brigades); fire test facilities; fire statistics (breakdown by location, casualties, type of building, material first ignited, source of ignition, detailed analysis of fire data, including cost analysis of large fires, by industry); the Fire Protection Association (FPA) and its services; list of consultancies; list of abbreviations and acronyms; major fire protection associations in other countries and at the European Community level; buyers' guide to fire protection equipment. Replaces CIS 99-966. (75386)

CIS 00-1110 Western European cross-country oil pipelines - 25-year performance statistics. Lyons D., CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 1998. vi, 38p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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This report analyses 25 years of performance and safety data on Western European cross-country oil pipelines up to 1995. Statistics are provided on pipeline infrastructure, safety (fatalities, injuries, fires, malicious damage), spillage performance, spillage causes and inspection. The report concludes that there is no evidence that the ageing of the pipeline system increases the risk of spillages, and that safe and reliable operations of the pipelines should remain possible for the foreseeable future subject to continued performance monitoring and the use of new and improved inspection techniques. (75390)

CIS 00-1111 BGZ symposium "Emergency guiding systems". (German: BGZ-Fachkolloqulum "Sicherheiteleitsysteme") Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, Dec. 1998. 66p. Illus., ISBN 3-88383-500-5 (In German)

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Emergency guiding systems consist of signs which mark escape routes. A symposium addressing emergency guiding systems focused on the following subjects: visibility of the signs marking escape routes in case lighting fails or smoke develops; methods of marking escape routes such as using signs along the walls or floors of corridors, illuminated or luminous signs; symbols used to mark escape routes; the recent fire at Dusseldorf Airport; new methods to mark escape routes such as the use of illuminated signs which continue to glow when electricity fails; involvement of the local fire brigade in the planning of escape routes. Summary in English, French and Spanish. (75363)

CIS 00-1112 Code of practice on the prevention of major industrial accidents. Korea Industrial Safety Corporation, Kukje Bldg, 9F 191, 2-Ka Hangang-ro, Yong San-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1995. 247p. (In English, Korean)

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Bilingual Korean/English version of the ILO Code of Practice abstracted under CIS 91-972 aimed at preventing accidents and ill-health at work in Korean industry, with the main emphasis on the manufacturers and users of dangerous chemicals. Aspects dealt with: general duties; prerequisites for a major hazard control system; analysis of hazards and risks; control of the causes of major industrial accidents; safe operation of major hazard installations; emergency planning; installations; siting and land-use planning; reporting to competent authorities; implementation of a major hazard control system. (75091)

CIS 00-1113 Use of LPG in small bulk tanks. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 2p. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: bulk liquid containers; butane; propane; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire services; flammable gases; gas storage tanks; installation of fences; liquefied petroleum gas; maintenance; pressurized gas systems; protection against leakage; qualifications; safe working methods; safety checks; United Kingdom. (75151)

CIS 00-1114 Small-scale use of LPG in cylinders. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 2p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: data sheet; electric sparks; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; flammable gases; gas cylinders; inspection; liquefied petroleum gas; maintenance; pressurized gas systems; protection against leakage; qualifications; safe distances; safe working methods; safety checks; United Kingdom; ventilation. (75152)

CIS 00-1115 The interpretation and use of flashpoint information. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1999. 12p. 9 ref. Price: GBP 5.00. (In English)

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Topics: case study; closed cup method; data sheet; determination of flashpoints; fire hazards; flammable substances; flashpoints; ISO; laboratory equipment; legislation; standard; substitution; test equipment; United Kingdom. (75192)

CIS 00-1116 Fire hazard from filling portable gas cans in pickup trucks and cars. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Aug. 1998. 2p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: automobiles; data sheet; explosion hazards; filling stations; fire hazards; flammable liquids; fuel tanks; fuelling; motor fuel; portable containers; trucks; USA. (75197)

CIS 00-1117 Estimating escape routes and escape times. (Spanish: Cálculo estimativo de vías y tiempos de evacuación) Pérez Guerrero A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; emergency exits; escape organization; escape routes; escape time; premises and workplaces; Spain. (75331)

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CIS 00-1118 Guidelines: A prerequisite for safety and quality - Directives and approval marks in the lamp industry. (German: Richtlinien: Voraussetzung für Sicherheit und Qualität - Vorschriften und Prüfzeichen in der Lampenindustrie) Licht, Oct. 1999, Vol.51, No.10, p.972-976. (In German)

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The European standard EN 60598 describes the requirements for the safe design of lamps. The standards EN 60238, 61184, 60400, 60838-2 and 60838-1 address the safe design of the various kinds of sockets. These standards are in agreement with the standards issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The various symbols such as VDE, VDE-ÜG, ENEC and UL used in Germany and internationally to indicate compliance with the standards are explained. (75296)

CIS 00-1119 Particular aspects of the effects of electric currents (I). (Spanish: Aspectos particulares de los efectos de la corriente eléctrica (I)) Pérez Gabarda L., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: alternating current; asphyxia; capacitors; current frequency; data sheet; electric current; electricity; fibrillation; measurement of electrical quantities; pain sensitivity threshold; Spain. (75332)

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CIS 00-1120 Prediction, visualization, and auralization of noise in industrial workrooms during computer "walk-through". Heerema N., Hodgson M., Noise Control Engineering Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.47, No.2, p.65-70. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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A new approach to the modelling of noise in industrial workrooms is presented. The objectives, approach and technical basis of the system, particularly regarding the novel prediction and auralization (acoustical-virtual-reality) aspects are discussed. New empirical models used to predict noise levels, reverberation times and fitting densities are presented. Methods for realizing simplified auralization of the predicted noise using a soundcard and headphones are discussed. A graphical user interface, which enables visualization of the workroom floor plan including sound sources and the user position, is described. Techniques are presented by which the user can "walk-through" the virtual workroom arbitrarily, experiencing the predicted noise visually and aurally, updated in real-time, as well as interact with the simulation - for example, to introduce noise-control measures -and visualize and auralize the resulting noise. An example of noise control involving sound-absorptive surface treatments and source enclosure is presented. (75101)

CIS 00-1121 The management of exposure to hand-arm vibration. Hill K., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1999, Vol.17, No.7, p.28-32. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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Glasgow City Council (GCC) employs approximately 35,000 people in all areas of work, including construction, engineering, manufacturing and horticulture. Of these employees, around 4,000 are exposed to occupational vibration at varying levels as part of their normal work activities. In this article, GCC's health and safety officer explains the GCC approach to tackling and managing Hand-Arm Vibration (HAV). (75116)

CIS 00-1122 Whole-body vibrations as damaging factor of the lumbar spine - Results of a epidemiologic study on whole-body vibration. (German: Ganzkörper-Schwingungen als Schädigungsfaktor für die Lendenwirbelsäule - Ergebnisse der epidemiologischen Studie "Ganzkörpervibration") Schwarze S., Notbohm G., Hartung E., Dupuis H., Ergo-Med, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.23, No.5, p.236-242. Illus. 32 ref. (In German)

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X-rays of the spinal column, available records on the causes of absenteeism as well as anamnestic results of 388 drivers of trucks, fork-lift trucks and earthmoving equipment and 65 controls without occupational exposure to whole-body vibrations were used to assess the presence of lumbar syndrome. The prevalence rate increased with increasing vibration dose. The cumulative whole-body vibration doses were calculated. 281 participants were examined in a follow-up conducted four years later following the same pattern. The follow-up showed a higher relative risk of lumbar syndrome for the highly exposed group. (75300)

CIS 00-1123 Hand-arm vibration syndrome: (I) Clinical aspects, exposure-response relationship and vibration exposure limits. (Italian: La sindrome da vibrazioni mano-braccio: (I) Quadri clinici, relazione esposizione-risposta, limiti di esposizione) Bovenzi M., Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.90, No.4, p.547-555. Illus. 14 ref. (In Italian)

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Part I of this paper reviews medical aspects of the hand-arm vibration syndrome and the relationship between occupational, hand-transmitted vibration and vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs. Epidemiological evidence is insufficient for establishing an exposure-response relationship for sensorineural or bone and joint disorders. The exposure-response relationship between hand-transmitted vibration and vibration white finger has been clearly established. Vibration exposure limits proposed in the European Directive for physical agents were shown by clinical and epidemiological studies to be sufficiently protective. (Part II: see CIS 00-1124). (75344)

CIS 00-1124 Hand-arm vibration syndrome - Part II: Diagnosis and health surveillance. (Italian: La sindrome da vibrazioni mano-braccio: (II) Aspetti diagnostici e criteri di idoneità) Bovenzi M., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.90, No.5, p.643-649. 12 ref. (In Italian)

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Part II of this paper reviews the clinical and laboratory methods used to diagnose the neurological, vascular and osteoarticular components of the hand-arm vibration syndrome. The prognosis and reversibility of vibration-induced neurological and vascular disorders after cessation of vibration exposure or the introduction of vibration-damped tools are discussed on the basis of follow-up clinical and longitudinal epidemiological studies. The health surveillance of vibration-exposed workers and the medical contra-indications against prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration are discussed. (Part I: see CIS 00-1123). (75347)

CIS 00-1125 Infra-red radiation and occupational cataracts. Voke J., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1999, Vol.17, No.8, p.28-32. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Topics: cataract; exposure evaluation; fuel burning equipment; glass industry; heat reflective glass; infrared radiation cataract; infrared radiation; iron and steel industry; limitation of exposure; retinal damage; risk factors; safety spectacles; tank furnaces. (75118)

CIS 00-1126 The evaluation of workplaces subjected to heat stress: Can ISO 7933 (1989) adequately describe heat strain in industrial workplaces?. Kampmann B., Piekarski C., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 2000, Vol.31, No.1, p.59-71. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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The international Standard ISO 7933 (1989) "Hot environments - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate" (see CIS 90-1357) has been proposed for the evaluation of climatic stress within the European system of CEN standards. Comparison of results of studies performed in climatic chambers and those in the field with the predictions of ISO 7933 show that there are considerable problems in using this index in practice in its present state of development. Improvements that would be necessary to allow it to be used as an established climatic index are discussed. (75286)

CIS 00-1127 Germicidal ultraviolet irradiation in air conditioning systems: Effect on office worker health and well-being - A pilot study. Menzies D., Pasztor J., Rand T., Bourbeau J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.397-402. 34 ref. (In English)

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The objectives of this study were to test whether installation and operation of gernimicidal ultraviolet (GUV) lights in central ventilation systems would be feasible, without adverse effects, undetected by building occupants, and effective in eliminating microbial contamination. 104 workers participated; their environmental satisfaction ratings were not different whether GUV lights were on or off. Headache, difficulty concentrating and eye irritation occurred less often with GUV lights on whereas skin rash or irritation was more common. Overall, the average number of work-related symptoms reported was 1.1 with GUV lights off compared with 0.9 with GUV lights on. Installation and operation of GUV lights in central heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of office buildings is feasible, cannot be detected by workers, and does not seem to result in any adverse effects. (75128)

CIS 00-1128 Strengthening the safety of radiation sources and the security of radioactive materials: Timely action. González A.J., IAEA Bulletin, 1999, Vol.41, No.3, p.2-17. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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Review of worldwide action for achieving the safety of radiation sources and the security of radioactive materials, coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Includes two major tables presenting summary information on melting of radioactive materials (since 1910) and major radiation accidents (1945-99). (75181)

CIS 00-1129 Strengthening capabilities - Safe use of radiation applications beyond 2000. Barretto P.M.C., IAEA Bulletin, 1999, Vol.41, No.3, p.32-36. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: developing countries; disposal of radioactive waste; emergency organization; exposure evaluation; IAEA; inspection; international cooperation; legislation; particulate radiation; personnel monitoring; radiation monitoring; radioactive sources; role of government; safety and health organization; safety and health training; standard. (75182)

CIS 00-1130 Electromagnetic fields on railways. Müller R., Rail International, Nov. 2000, Vol.31, No.10, p.11-14. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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Description of the plans in Switzerland to reduce the exposure of railway workers, passengers and bystanders to electromagnetic fields created by the overhead electric lines of Swiss railways (generally operating with alternative current at 132kV at a frequency of 16 2/3Hz). (75262)

CIS 00-1131 Radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia and other cancers in commercial jet cockpit crew: A population-based cohort study. Gundestrup M., Storm H.H., Lancet, Dec. 1999, Vol.354, No.9195, p.2029-2031. 13 ref. (In English)

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Cockpit crews receive cosmic radiation during flight operations. Altogether 3,877 cockpit crew members could be traced for follow-up, accruing 61,095 person-years at risk in 3,790 men and 661 person-years at risk in 87 women. The total number of cancers observed was 169 whereas 153.1 were expected. Significantly increased risks of acute myeloid leukaemia, skin cancer excluding melanoma and total cancer were observed among Danish male jet cockpit crew members flying more than 5,000h compared to the normal population. Increased risk of malignant melanoma irrespective of aircraft type was also found among those flying more than 5,000h. (75288)

CIS 00-1132 Thorium 232, the forgotten element of radiological protection. (French: Le thorium 232, cet élément oublié de la radioprotection) Laroche P., Cazoulat A., Lecouteulx I., Schoulz D., Gérasimo P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Nov. 1998, Vol.59, No.7, p.469-479. Illus. 34 ref. (In French)

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Topics: absorbed dose; carcinogenic effects; thorium; cytotoxic effects; flyash; France; legal aspects; liver cancer; medical supervision; optical industry; radiation protection; radioactive substances; radiological diagnosis; risk factors; thermal power stations; thorium and compounds; welding electrodes. (75318)

CIS 00-1133 Stillbirths among offspring of male radiation workers at Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant. Parker L., Pearce M.S., Dickinson H.O., Aitkin M., Craft A.W., Lancet, Oct. 1999, Vol.354, No.9188, p.1407-1414. Illus. 39 ref. (In English)

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The workforce at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in the county of Cumbria, UK, is the most highly exposed workforce to ionizing radiation in western Europe and North America. This study set out to find whether there was evidence of an association between stillbirth risk and paternal exposure to ionizing radiation. Details from birth registration documents for all singleton 248,097 livebirths and 3,715 stillbirths in the county of Cumbria 1950-89 were collected. Within this cohort the 130 stillbirths and 9,078 livebirths to partners of male radiation workers employed at Sellafield were identified. A significant positive association was found between the risk of a baby being stillborn and the father's total exposure to external ionizing radiation before conception. The risk was higher for stillbirths with congenital anomaly and was highest for the nine stillbirths with neural-tube defects. The statistical models predicted that, were the association to be interpreted as causal, between 0 and 31.9 of the 130 stillbirths to the workforce may be attributable to father's radiation exposure. (75202)

CIS 00-1134 An updated review of epidemiologic studies on the relationship between exposure to whole-body vibration and low back pain (1986-1997). Bovenzi M., Hulshof C.T.J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.351-365. Illus. 69 ref. (In English)

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In a systematic database search, several epidemiologic studies of low back pain (LBP) disorders and occupations with exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) were retrieved and evaluated according to criteria concerning the assessment of vibration exposure, assessment of health effects and methodology. A meta-analysis was also conducted in order to combine the results of independent epidemiologic studies. The findings of the selected studies and the results of the meta-analysis of both cross-sectional and cohort studies showed that occupational exposure to WBV is associated with an increased risk for LBP, sciatic pain and degenerative changes in the spinal system, including lumbar intervertebral disc disorders. Owing to the cross-sectional design of the majority of the reviewed studies, this epidemiologic evidence is not sufficient to outline a clear exposure-response relationship between WBV exposure and LBP disorders. It is also concluded that research design and the quality of exposure and health effect data in the field of WBV have improved in the last decade. (75204)

CIS 00-1135 Protection of the hands from wetness and temperature during work in a cold water aquarium. (German: Nässe- und Wärmeschutz für die Hand bei Arbeiten im Kaltwasseraquarium) Weber L.W., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, 1999, Vol.49, No.2, p.54-57. Illus. 8 ref. (In German)

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A search for gloves that provides better protection of the hands and arms of a female worker from getting wet and cold hands led to latex gloves with long fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride cuffs worn over a knitted hollow fibre glove for heat insulation. The gloves protect the entire arm to the axillary. A polyethylene foil attached to the new types of gloves keep the cloth from getting wet. The woman has to regularly clean a 70cm deep cold water aquarium with a temperature below 15°C. She complained of rheumatic problems in her hands because of insufficient hand protection in the past. (75369)

CIS 00-1136 Thermal thresholds, vibrotactile thresholds and finger systolic blood pressures in dockyard workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration. Lindsell C.J., Griffin M.J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.377-386. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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Thermal thresholds (for perception of heat and cold), vibrotactile thresholds (for perception of vibration at 31.5 and 125Hz) and finger systolic blood pressures were measured in 107 dockyard workers, including 31 controls and 76 workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration (50 reporting finger blanching consistent with vibration-induced white finger). A history of vibration exposure and symptoms associated with hand-transmitted vibration were obtained for each subject. Increased duration of exposure to vibration resulted in a deterioration of both thermal thresholds and vibrotactile thresholds. Finger systolic blood pressures were lower in subjects reporting finger blanching and were related to the extent of blanching on the measured finger. Reported sensations of tingling were not correlated with any of the threshold measures; thermal thresholds and vibrotactile thresholds showed evidence of deterioration with reports of increasing numbness. Both numbness and tingling were correlated with reports of finger blanching. Finger systolic blood pressures were not correlated with either thermal or vibrotactile thresholds. (75205)

CIS 00-1137 Prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50). International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, 1999. ix, 52p. Illus. 54 ref. Index., ISBN 0-913394-61-0 (In English)

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This report is an update of an earlier report (ICRU 50, published in 1993) on the same subject, taking into account recent advances in irradiation techniques, three-dimensional imaging and treatment systems. Detailed theoretical and practical analysis of target volumes, treated volumes and absorbed doses are provided, leading to updated recommendations and guidance for reporting treatments of individuals and series of patients. Clinical case studies of breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer are included. (75387)

CIS 00-1138 Radon in indoor air. (Spanish: Radón en ambientes interiores) Berenguer Subils M.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 10 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: building materials; carcinogens; radon; data sheet; depressuring; determination in air; flooring; particulate radiation; premises and workplaces; Spain; ventilation. (75335)

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CIS 00-1139 The use of containment nets and sheets. James M., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1999, Vol.17, No.7, p.24-26. Illus. (In English)

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Containment nets and sheets have the potential to prevent both people and objects from failing off scaffolding. They could be used to help control fire and blast debris and they can contain dust and fumes. They can also be useful in environmental control. To coincide with the publication of a new British Standard, BS 7955 "Specification for Containment Nets and Sheets on Construction Works: Test Methods and Performance", the article explains how using containment nets and sheets to the Standard can improve safety. (75115)

CIS 00-1140 The safe and appropriate use of safety nets. James M., Safety and Health Practitioner, Nov. 1999, Vol.17, No.11, p.28-31. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: polypropylene; construction sites; fall arresters; inspection; legislation; lifelines; protection against falls from heights; safe working methods; safety nets; work on roofs. (75210)

CIS 00-1141 Safety drive. Bibbings R., Occupational Health, May 1999, Vol.51, No.5, p.30-32. Illus. (In English)

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Employers often send staff out in cars as part of their work without a second thought, but the risk of an accident through driving is high. Now ROSPA is encouraging companies to invest in strategies to help ensure safer journeys for all. (75252)

CIS 00-1142 Safety at extruders with caterpillar, belt or roller haul-offs. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; belt conveyors; data sheet; extrusion; fail safety; fixed guards; haulage systems; hot surfaces; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical feed and ejection; mechanical hazards; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom. (75157)

CIS 00-1143 Managing machinery safety in small plastics factories. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 3p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: data sheet; mechanical hazards; moulding of plastics; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; United Kingdom. (75153)

CIS 00-1144 Safety at injection moulding machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; data sheet; fail safety; fixed guards; hot surfaces; injection moulding; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical hazards; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom. (75154)

CIS 00-1145 Safety at blow moulding machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: blow moulding; data sheet; fail safety; fixed guards; hot surfaces; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical hazards; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom. (75155)

CIS 00-1146 Safety at thermoforming machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; data sheet; fail safety; fixed guards; hot surfaces; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical hazards; moulding of plastics; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom. (75156)

CIS 00-1147 Safety at window frame manufacturing machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 2 réf. (In English)

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Topics: adjustable guards; analysis of accident causes; automatic guards; circular saws; clamps; data sheet; drilling machines; extrusion; fail safety; fixed guards; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; machining; mechanical hazards; milling machines; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; saws for plastics; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom; welding of plastics. (75158)

CIS 00-1148 Safety at compression moulding machines. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; automatic guards; compression moulding; data sheet; electronic guards; fail safety; fixed guards; hot surfaces; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical hazards; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; platen presses; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom; warning notices. (75159)

CIS 00-1149 Safety at granulators. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1999. 4p. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; belt conveyors; circular-knife cutting machines; data sheet; fail safety; fixed guards; hot surfaces; interlock protection; limit switches; locking devices; mechanical feed and ejection; mechanical hazards; nips; periodical checks; plant safety organization; plastics converting industry; responsibilities of employers; restraining mechanisms; safe working methods; safety checks; safety devices; small enterprises; toolsetting; United Kingdom. (75160)

CIS 00-1150 Components used in safety devices: Zero speed detectors. (French: Composants de sécurité: les détecteurs de vitesse nulle) Marsot J., Travail et sécurité, Sep. 1997, No.564, p.53-56. Illus. 10 ref. (In French)

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Topics: data sheet; electronic guards; emergency stop devices; France; legal aspects; locking devices; mechanical hazards; personal protective equipment; roll machines; safety devices. (75216)

CIS 00-1151 Practical memorandum: Sweep guards for radial saws. (French: Mémo-pratique - Chasse-main pour scie radiale) Sauvegarde des chantiers, May-June 1997, No.270, 2p. Insert. Illus. 3 ref. (In French)

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Topics: data sheet; France; hand guards; mechanical hazards; safety devices; sweep guards; woodworking saws. (75217)

CIS 00-1152 Technical safety data sheet - Mills and milling machines. (French: Fiche technique de sécurité - Fraiseuses, machines à fraiser) Mauge M., Lupin H., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30, rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1997. 23p. Illus. 50 ref., ISBN 2-85599-068-8 (In French)

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Topics: chips; data sheet; emergency stop devices; entanglement; flying particles; France; hand and arm protection; mechanical hazards; milling machines; protective gloves; restraining mechanisms; safety spectacles; safety training in industry; screens; wheel guards. (75220)

CIS 00-1153 Technical rules under the Pressure Vessel Ordinance: Piping. (German: Technische Regeln zur Druckbehälterverordnung - Rohrleitungen) Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 499, 50939 Köln, Germany, May 1993/Jan. 1996; Oct. 1995. 29p. (5 leaflets) Illus. (In German)

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TRR 512; TRR 515; TRR 521. Topics: directive; equipment testing; evaluation of equipment; Germany; high-pressure piping; pipe connections; piping; pressure vessels. (75226)

CIS 00-1154 Technical rules under the Pressure Vessel Ordinance: High pressure vessels. (German: Technische Regeln zur Druckbehälterverordnung - Druckbehälter) Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 499, 50939 Köln, Germany, July 1980/Nov. 1995. 78p. (18 leaflets) Illus. (In German)

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TRB 300; TRB 402; TRB 403; TRB 505; TRB 600; TRB 610; TRB 801 (No.5); TRB 801 (No.7); TRB 801 (No.8); TRB 801 (No.15); TRB 801 (No.16); TRB 801 (No.25); TRB 801 (No.26); TRB 801 (No.27); TRB 801 (No.30); TRB 801 (No.42). (75227)

CIS 00-1155 Practical memorandum: Foundations of concrete poles for overhead electric lines. (French: Mémo-pratique - Fondations des poteaux béton de lignes électriques) Sauvegarde des chantiers, May-June 1997, No.270, 2p. Insert. Illus. 1 ref. (In French)

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Topics: concrete work; construction industry; data sheet; electric power transmission; electric shock; electrical accidents; electricity; foundation work; France; mechanical hazards; overhead electric lines; poles; safe working methods; work near electric lines. (75218)

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CIS 00-1156 Fungal corneal ulcers of onion harvesters in southern Taiwan. Lin S.H., Lin C.P., Tsai H.Z., Ho C.K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.423-425. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Fungal corneal ulcers related to agriculture have been reported throughout the world, especially in tropical areas. Most of them are sporadic and have histories of ocular trauma or use of topical corticosteroids and topical antibiotics. Five onion harvesters had fungal corneal ulcers during the same harvest period in Southern Taiwan. The authors think that this is the first report of a group occurrence relating to agricultural workers. Although all of the patients improved after medical and surgical management, their vision was greatly reduced. It is suggested that the tropical climate, the harvest procedure, the monsoon and the lack of eye protection all had a role. Therefore, the importance of the eye protection, hygiene education and improving medical care to reduce the occurrence of fungal corneal ulcer in agriculture workers must be emphasized. (75130)

CIS 00-1157 Prevention, safety and prophylaxis in occupational HIV infection in Italy, the European Union and the United States. (Italian: Misure di prevenzione, sicurezza e profilassi nell'infezione occupazionale da HIV in Italia, Unione europea e USA) Papacchini M., Delle Piane R., Palmi S., Tomao P., Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.90, No.5, p.681-692. 46 ref. (In Italian)

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Regulations and guidelines adopted by the United States, the European Union and Italy with respect to the prevention of HIV infection among occupationally exposed workers were compared, and found to be substantially homogeneous. Health-care workers are in the highest risk category. Post-exposure management is crucial for worker protection. A combination of chemotherapeutic agents is now recommended, but further evaluation of short- and long-term effects of the treatment is needed. (75349)

CIS 00-1158 Gathering data on culture and health to develop educational materials on zoonoses for subsistence dairy farmers in Costa Rica. Correa-Prisant M., Journal of Agromedicine, 1999, Vol.6, No.1, p.33-41. 9 ref. (In English)

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Socially and culturally sensitive educational materials on the transmission and prevention of zoonoses for subsistence dairy farmers in Costa Rica are being designed based on information gathered through a series of personal interviews. Women were targeted in the study since they make nutritional and health-related decisions for the family and in particular for children. The women in the study were able to actually describe the symptoms of many zoonotic diseases but were not necessarily able to identify those diseases by their medical name or knew of a vernacular name. All women preferred alternative medicine including herbal treatments and homoeopathy for any disease or ailment over western medicine. The radio was identified as the preferred source for health education dissemination for adults while it was story or colouring books for children. (75114)

CIS 00-1159 Microorganic emissions from composting and digestion plants. (German: Keimemissionen aus Kompostierungs- und Vergärungsanlagen) Mücke H.W., ed., M. & D. Gräbner, Gotenstrasse 3, 96146 Altendorf bei Bamberg, Germany, Jan. 1999. 499p. Illus. 173 ref., ISBN 3-932108-06-X (In German)

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Concentrations of moulds and bacteria were determined in air samples taken in and near 3 aerobic garbage composting plants and 2 anaerobic sewage digestion plants. In 2 of the plants composting occurred in wind rows. One of the composting plants used drums. The measured concentrations of moulds and bacteria ranged from about 100 to 10,000 colony forming units per m³. No increased concentrations of moulds and bacteria were measured at distances of 100 to 200m from covered plants equipped with a ventilation system with air purifying filters. Open-air plants were found to create higher concentrations up to 500m distance. Recommendations for studying the influence of garbage composting and anaerobic sewage digestion plants on the environment are presented. (75362)

CIS 00-1160 Enabling the safe use of biotechnology - Principles and practice. Doyle J.J., Persley G.J., eds., Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No.10, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, USA, 1996. viii, 74p. Illus. 26 ref., ISBN 0-8213-3671-1 (In English)

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Topics: biological hazards; developing countries; genetic engineering; glossary; hazard evaluation; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities; safety guides; safety officers; supply of information; transport. (75099)

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CIS 00-1161 Work-related risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints in the spinning industry in Lithuania. Gamperiene M., Stigum H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.56, No.6, p.411-416. 19 ref. (In English)

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An interview-based questionnaire survey was carried out in two spinning industry factories in Lithuania. The study group consisted of all workers in production. Symptoms of the legs were the musculoskeletal symptom reported most often (61%). Many subjects had arms or neck (55%) or back problems (28%). 20% had experienced pain from all three sites. Packers had the highest risk of arms or neck problems whereas spinners had the highest risk of back or leg problems. Working in a strained posture (bending, work with arms raised up above shoulder level, and repetitive movements of the fingers) was associated with all three complaints. Only arms or neck complaints were associated with age. (75129)

CIS 00-1162 Surface EMG of shoulder and back muscles and posture analysis in secretaries typing at visual display units. Kleine B.U., Schumann N.P., Brandl I., Grieshaber R., Scholle H.C., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1999, Vol.72, No.6, p.387-394. Illus. 53 ref. (In English)

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Female office workers typed texts spoken from tape during three 1-h-long sessions. EMG was recorded from the erector spinae, trapezium, deltoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Root mean square (RMS) and power spectrum median frequency of the EMG were calculated. The normalized RMS of the left and right trapezium muscle increased, while the median frequency did not change. The increase of the normalized RMS was significantly lower when the linear influence of posture was excluded. On average, the distance between C7 and the left and right acromion decreased within each working an hour. C7 became lower on average by 5.5mm within an hour, whereas the acromions became lower by only 1.7mm (left) and 3.3mm (right). The increase in trapezium muscle activity was partly related to a lifting of the shoulders to compensate a slight slumping of the back. The EMG activity increase is also attributed to fatigue, to attention-related activity or to both. Training of the back muscles and a varied organisation of work might have a preventive effect with respect to musculoskeletal complaints in VDU workers. (75206)

CIS 00-1163 The long-term effects of rally driving on spinal pathology. Videman T., Simonen R., Usenius J.P., Österman K., Battié M.C., Clinical Biomechanics, Feb. 2000, Vol.15, No.2, p.83-86. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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A case-control study was conducted to investigate consequences of rally driving on lumbar degenerative changes. Eighteen top-ranking rally drivers and co-drivers were interviewed and imaged with an MR scanning. Their lumbar images were also analysed for degenerative findings. The reference group was composed of 14 men selected from a population sample. Overall results showed no significant differences in lumbar degenerative findings as assessed from MR images between the rally drivers and the reference group after adjustment for age. Even extreme vehicular vibration as experienced in rally driving does not appear to have significant effects on disc degeneration. Other driving-related factors such as postural stress may deserve more attention. (75283)

CIS 00-1164 Choice of handle characteristics for pistol grip power tools. Björing G., Johansson L., Hägg G.M., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.647-656. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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The handles of four similar drilling machines were covered with rubber with different hardness. The preferences and forearm muscle electric activity of the operators as well as the vibration level while they were using these drilling machines were assessed. The results showed that foam rubber on the handle is a covering material preferable to harder rubber and it does not increase a need for muscular activity. Foam rubber on the handle may also attenuate vibrations to some extent. Furthermore, the preferred width and thickness of handles for drilling machines were evaluated by letting the subjects perform three tasks: (a) choosing handle width and ranking handle thickness, (b) ranking handle width, (c) making a handle out of hand putty. The subjects' hand sizes (hand length, functional grip diameter and hand volume) were also measured and compared to their preferences. The results showed that the most commonly used handle cross-section size (50 x 35mm) is an acceptable compromise in terms of preferences. The measured hand size measures had low correlation with preferred handle width/circumference. (75247)

CIS 00-1165 Hands-on approach. Hignett S., Occupational Health, Apr. 1999, Vol.51, No.4, p.23-25. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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An ergonomic approach to manual lifting has had encouraging results in a hospital in Nottingham (England), as reported incidents and staff absenteeism due to musculoskeletal injuries have been reduced dramatically in the past four years. (75250)

CIS 00-1166 Structural anthropometric measurements for wheelchair mobile adults. Das B., Kozey J.W., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.385-390. 9 ref. (In English)

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Structural anthropometric measurements for males and females were determined for wheelchair-mobile adults. A photogrammetry methodology was used to obtain the measurements. The various subject demographics including age, level or type of dysfunction as well as the specified anthropometric dimensions of the wheelchair-mobile subjects were identified. The data are useful for the design of industrial workstations for wheelchair-mobile adults. Present workstation design principles based on seated able-bodied anthropometric measurements would not be suitable for this population. (75253)

CIS 00-1167 Ergonomic considerations in the design and use of single disc floor cleaning machines. Haslam R.A., Williams H.J., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.391-399. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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This study investigated ergonomics issues connected with the use of single-disc floor cleaning machines (buffers/polishers). Methods included interview/questionnaire surveys of users and other groups (maintenance personnel, purchasing managers, manufacturer representatives), along with video analysis. A notable proportion of users (56%) reported discomfort from machine use, mostly musculoskeletal in origin. Main locations were hand (39%), shoulder (19%), wrist (7%), lower back (7%) and arm (6%). Deficiencies were identified with the design and configuration of the handle/operating-switch. Problems were also found arising from the trailing power cable, along with manual handling implications due to machine size and weight. It is concluded that there is scope to improve on current designs. (75254)

CIS 00-1168 Effect of handle design for cylinder trolleys. Okunribido O.O., Haselgrave C.M., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.407-419. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

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An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of handle design on the biomechanical stresses imposed in the use of a cylinder trolley. Nine combinations of handle orientations (35°, 50°, 70°) and handle length (1.0, 1.1, 1.2m) were tested for the initial starting off phase and the steady moving phase. Two weights of cylinder (19 and 37kg) were used. Measurements were made of wrist angle, elbow flexion, force at the feet and subjective ratings of effort, discomfort and stability as well as the angle at which the trolley was tilted. The biomechanical loads on the spine and joints of the arm were also calculated. High stresses at the elbow and considerable wrist deviations were found to occur during the starting phase. The elbow stresses were significantly affected by the design of the trolley handle, as was the degree to which the trolley was tilted while moving forward with load. For starting, the best configuration proved to be a 35° handle angle and a 1.0m handle length. The results were, however, less clear in determining the best configuration for pushing the trolley forwards. (75255)

CIS 00-1169 Reproducibility of a self-report questionnaire for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder risk factors. Spielholz P., Silverstein B., Stuart M., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.429-433. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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A self-report questionnaire was developed to evaluate the potential for assessment of possible risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Visual-analogue and categorical scales were designed to represent responses relating to primary work as well as a second job and hobbies or non-work activities. 71 tree nursery workers completed the scales twice in consecutive weeks. Agreement between means of the two questionnaire administrations was 0.80 or higher for all scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.59 and 0.69 for the primary job hand/wrist responses and between 0.49 and 0.82 for non-work/hobby neck and upper arm scales. These results show potential for future application of similar scales in industry or temporary and seasonal work to evaluate exposure to upper extremity risk factors. (75256)

CIS 00-1170 Musculoskeletal symptoms due to technical preconditions in long cycle time work in an automobile assembly plant: A study of prevalence and relation to psychosocial factors and physical exposure. Engström T., Hanse J.J., Kadefors R., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.443-453. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevailing ergonomic conditions in a parallelized flow, long-cycle time assembly system. The evaluation focussed on physical exposure, psychosocial factors and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. A random sample of 67 assembly operators was included in a cross-sectional study mainly based on questionnaires. Hand/wrist symptoms were common and related to work exposure with hand-held powered tools. In general, the self-reported physical exposure showed only a few significant associations with musculoskeletal symptoms. This may in part be explained by the ergonomic conditions generally being good, with a relatively low duration of "combined" extreme work postures. Significant associations were found between the psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal symptoms. (75258)

CIS 00-1171 Male torque strength in simulated oil rig tasks: The effects of grease-smeared gloves and handle length, diameter and orientation. Imrhan S.N., Farahmand K., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.455-462. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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This paper examines the effects of two glove conditions and selected handle and task characteristics on tightening (clockwise) torques on cylindrical handles in simulated oil rig tasks. Ten males exerted MVC torques with the right hand on nine handles with different length-diameter combinations (3.8, 7.6, and 12.7cm in length with 3.8, 6.7, and 8.4cm in diameter) with dry and grease-smeared gloves in two orientations. The results showed a 50% reduction of torque when using grease-smeared glove compared to dry glove; a 15% increase with the long handle compared to the short one, a 25% increase with the medium diameter handle compared to the small one; and a 12% increase with the horizontally oriented handle compared with the vertical one. There were important interaction effects also. (75259)

CIS 00-1172 Task design, psycho-social work climate and upper extremity pain disorders - Effects of an organisational redesign on manual repetitive assembly jobs. Christmansson M., Fridén J., Sollerman C., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.463-472. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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A company redesign was carried out to improve production efficiency and minimize the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and sick leave. The redesign was evaluated on the basis of studies of assembly workers before (17 workers) and after (12 workers) the redesign. The redesign resulted in more varied, less repetitive, and more autonomous assembly jobs. The psycho-social work climate was both improved and impaired. A medical examination showed that eight of 17 workers before and nine of 12 workers after the redesign suffered from upper extremity pain disorders. Neither the production goals nor the goals of the redesign were fulfilled. The conclusion was that the increased task variation and impaired psycho-social work climate, combined with a lack of skill and competence, actually increased the physical stress, risk for disorders and difficulties in fulfilling the production goals. (75260)

CIS 00-1173 Production economics analysis of investment initiated to improve working environment. Abrahamsson L., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 2000, Vol.31, No.1, p.1-7. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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The results of an evaluation of a new workplace for ladle preparation are described. A Swedish steel company initiated a development project related to ladle service work in order to come to grips with the difficult working environment and problems associated with absenteeism due to illness and occupational injuries. The evaluation was performed for the first three years after implementation of the project and shows that the new workplace considerably improved working conditions and increased both the quality and efficiency of production. Calculations show that an investment initiated to improve the working environment can be profitable. (75284)

CIS 00-1174 Maximum forces sustained during various methods of exiting commercial tractors, trailers and trucks. Fathallah F.A., Cotnam J.P., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 2000, Vol.31, No.1, p.25-33. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Many commercial vehicles have steps and grab-rails to assist the driver in safely entering or exiting the vehicle. However, many drivers do not use these aids. The purpose of this study was to compare impact forces experienced during various exit methods from commercial equipment. The impact forces on ten male subjects while exiting different types of tractors and vans was investigated. The results showed that jumping out resulted in impact forces as high as 12 times the subject's body weight, whereas utilizing the steps and grab-rails resulted in impact forces less than two times body weight. Optimal design of entry/exit aids coupled with driver training and education should minimize exit-related injuries. (75285)

CIS 00-1175 Evaluation of an 8 hour versus a 12 hour shift roster on employees at a power station. Mitchell R.J., Williamson A.M., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 2000, Vol.31, No.1, p.83-93. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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The objective of this study was to examine the changeover from an 8h roster to a 12h roster in a power station. On-shift performance, general health and well-being, sleep and mood behaviour, as well as absenteeism and accident data were examined. Results suggest that the domestic and social life of workers was markedly improved under the 12h roster. Improvements in physical health, sleeping behaviour and mood state of employees were also documented On-shift performance measures showed an increase in error rates at the end of a 12h shift. (75287)

CIS 00-1176 Effectiveness of work-related back posture training of apprentices in the construction industry. (German: Nachweis der Wirksamkeit eines berufsbezogenen Rückentrainings für Auszubildende im Bauhandwerk) Pavlovsky B., Dalichau S., Elliehausen H.J., Perrey R.M., Ergo-Med, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.23, No.5, p.229-235. Illus. 22 ref. (In German)

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The effectiveness of apprentice training in ergonomic body postures in the building industry was investigated. The study participants comprised 63 apprentices who participated in a posture training programme and two groups of 43 and 39 apprentices who were trained in the traditional way. Muscular endurance of the arm according to Mattias were determined before and after the school year. In the trained group, a significant reduction of evasive movements of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and pelvis was observed. A questionnaire on heath status, ergonomic knowledge and implementation at the workplace was also evaluated. The results confirm the success of the posture training programme in vocational schools. (75299)

CIS 00-1177 Design of hand tools. (Spanish: Diseño de herramientas manuales) Gamboa J.I., Protección y seguridad, Nov.-Dec. 1998, Vol.44, No.262, p.36-40. Illus. 1 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: Colombia; design of equipment; ergonomic evaluation; ergonomics; grip strength; hand tools; repetitive strain injury; safety by design; uses; vibration disease; vibration transmission. (75373)

CIS 00-1178 Interview versus questionnaire for assessing physical loads in the population-based MUSIC-Norrtälje study. Wiktorin C., Vinård E., Mortimer M., Pernold G., Wigaeus-Hjelm E., Kilbom Å., Alfredsson L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1999, Vol.35, No.5, p.441-455. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

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To identify risk and health factors for low back and neck/shoulder disorders, a case-referent study was conducted. The interview concerned "a typical working day" during the preceding 12 months and comprised assessment of energy expenditure, work postures and manual materials handling for work and leisure time, including regular sport activities. The self-administered questionnaire comprised 18 questions. The correlation between interview and questionnaire responses among the referents was high for time spent "sitting at work", "VDU work", and work-related "motor vehicle driving", moderate for work-related "hands above shoulder level", and "hands below knee level" and lower for leisure time activities such as "domestic work", "time for own activities", and "sitting during leisure time". Non-differential misclassification was present in all questions, which will attenuate observed estimates of the relative risk. Even though interview data are preferable, questionnaire data may be useful for assessing well-defined work tasks and for "sitting at work". (75133)

CIS 00-1179 Maximum acceptable forces for repetitive wrist extension with a pinch grip. Snook S.H., Ciriello V.M., Webster B.S., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.579-590. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of the study was to quantify maximum acceptable forces for extension motions of the wrist performed with a pinch grip. Subjects grasped a handle with a pinch grip and moved it through a 90° extension wrist motion (similar to a light assembly operation). A psychophysical methodology was used in which the subject adjusted the resistance on the handle and the experimenter manipulated or controlled all other variables. Twenty subjects performed the task at repetition rates of 15, 20 and 25 motions per minute. Subjects performed for 7h per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Symptoms were recorded by the subjects during the last 5min of each hour. The results are presented and compared with maximum acceptable forces for other types of wrist motion investigated in previous studies. Maximum acceptable force for wrist extensionwith a pinch grip is smaller than any of the other motions investigated so far. (75243)

CIS 00-1180 Motor-unit recruitment in the trapezius muscle during arm movements and in VDU precision work. Forsman M., Kadefors R., Zhang Q., Birch L., Palmerud G., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.619-630. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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Shoulder myalgia, which is common in many occupations involving light-to-moderate manual work, may be due to an overuse of low threshold muscle fibres, causing damage at the muscle cell level. The study was undertaken to investigate to what extent it is possible to track low threshold motor-units in non-isometric conditions in the trapezius muscle, and to study the effect of arm movements on recruitment and firing patterns. Intramuscular fine wire electrodes were inserted in the trapezius muscle of four volunteers, who performed arm movements as well as standardized work using a computer mouse. Results showed that it was possible to perform signal tracking during slow movements and that there were motor-units that were active over a wide range of shoulder abduction movement, as well as in work with computer mouse. Stereotypic recruitment patterns are therefore shown to exist in the trapezius muscle not only in static work, but also in work situations involving arm and shoulder movements. (75246)

CIS 00-1181 Influence of material handling devices on the physical load during the end assembly of cars. Hermans V., Hautekiet M., Spaepen A., Cobbaut L., De Clerq J., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.657-664. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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The effect of using a mechanical device on physical load was analysed during the end assembly of cars. Five tasks, further sub-divided into lifting and positioning, were performed by someone experienced in working with and without the mechanical tool. A practical methodology was used: the subjective walk and talk through method, the NIOSH equation (1991), a three-dimensional goniometer (Back Tracker) and surface electromyography (EMG) of the relevant muscle groups. According to the NIOSH equation, 8 out of 10 of the tasks should only be performed by trained workers and preferably with tools. The Back Tracker revealed that the mechanical tools reduced posture angles significantly (p≤0.05) for installing the windows, but not for left lateroflexion during pre-assembly of windows. It was clear from the EMG analysis that using tools did not always decrease muscular activity significantly. In general, the appropriateness of each tool needs to be evaluated separately taking subjective criteria into account. (75248)

CIS 00-1182 Physical workload in physical education teachers. Sandmark H., Wiktorin C., Hogstedt C., Klenell-Hatschek E.K., Vingård E., Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.30, No.5, p.435-442. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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The main objective of this study was to measure and quantify exposure to physical workload in physical education teachers. A further aim was to establish the reproducibility of a three-week test-retest interval of self-reported physical load and to evaluate the agreement between registered and self-rated physical load. Thirty teachers, both female and male, volunteered to participate in the study. The physical load on the lower extremities, as well as the back and the cardio-vascular strain was recorded during one working day. The results indicate that the physical workload in this occupational group is considerable due to the load on the lower extremities. The demands on the cardio-vascular system are also relatively high in comparison to other occupational groups. The teachers could assess their activity quite well regarding heavy lifting and time spent sitting. (75257)

CIS 00-1183 Fitting the task to the human - A textbook of occupational ergonomics. Kroemer K.H.E., Grandjean E., Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1 Gunpowder Square, London EC4A 3DE, United Kingdom, 1997. x, 416p. Illus. approx. 300 ref. Index. Price CHF 39.50., ISBN 0-7484-0664-6 (In English)

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University-level textbook on ergonomics, updated from the manual abstracted as CIS 90-1542. It covers the following major topics: muscular work; nervous control of movements; improving work efficiency; body size; design of workstations; heavy work; handling of loads; skilled work; human-machine systems; mental activity; fatigue; occupational stress; boredom; job design to avoid monotonous tasks; working hours and eating habits; night work and shift work; vision; ergonomic principles of lighting; noise and vibration; indoor climate; daylight, colours and music for a pleasant work environment. (75233)

CIS 00-1184 The body at work - Applying ergonomics at the workplace. (Dutch: Belastende houdingen en bewegingen - Ergonomie in de praktijk; French: Le corps au travail - Pratiques ergonomiques dans l'entreprise) D'Hertefelt H., Willocx M., Bentein K., Institut national de recherche sur les conditions de travail, rue de la Concorde 60, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1996. 254p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 90-801976-3-7 (fr), ISBN 90-801976-4-5 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: Belgium; building industry; case study; check lists; dairy industry; electronics industry; ergonomic evaluation; ergonomics; fibrous glass industry; hand-arm vibration; health care personnel; manual handling; manuals; manufacturing industries; meat industry; petroleum refining; pharmaceutical industry; plastic films; safe working methods; supermarkets; textile industry; transport of materials; waste disposal; wire ropes; work posture. (75314)

CIS 00-1185 Epidemiological research on work and health conditions in Spain. (Spanish: La investigación epidemiológica sobre condiciones de trabajo y salud en España) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 45p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 84-7425-534-1 (In Spanish)

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Topics: computer applications; conditions of work; epidemiologic study; epidemiology; literature survey; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; occupational hygiene; research; Spain. (75375)

CIS 00-1186 Ergonomic procedures. (French: La démarche ergonomique) Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Mar.-Apr. 1997, No.299, 5p. Insert. Illus. 7 ref. (In French)

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Topics: construction industry; data sheet; ergonomics; France; optimization; work design. (75219)

CIS 00-1187 Workplace seats. (French: Les sièges de travail) Rocher M., Travail et sécurité, July-Aug. 1997, No.562-563, p.53-56. Illus. 18 ref. (In French)

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Topics: back rests; comfort criteria; data sheet; ergonomics; foot rests; forearm supports; France; legal aspects; office chairs; seats; shoulder; work posture. (75214)

CIS 00-1188 Improving job content: Job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. (Spanish: Mejora del contenido del trabajo: rotación, ampliación y enriquecimiento de tareas) de Arquer M.I., Oncins de Frutos M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; human factors; job dissatisfaction; mental attitude; monotonous work; motivation; Spain; work involving responsibility; work organization; workplace design. (75339)

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CIS 00-1189 Psychic stress of construction supervisors. (German: Psychische Belastung von Bauleitern) Strobel G., Von Krause J., Weissgerber B., Die BG, Mar. 1999, No.3, p.140-144. Illus. 13 ref. (In German)

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The mental work requirements of supervisors on construction sites were determined by observations and with the job analysis questionnaire of Frieling and Hoyos. In addition, the subjective assessments of the mental work requirements of 70 supervisors on German construction sites of different sizes were collected. The investigations led to following most common mental stress factors: coordination of a large number of different tasks, rapid change of tasks, responsibility for the safety of workers, restricted funds, numerous conversations with many different communication partners, frequent work interruptions, time pressure and long hours of work. Job experience and support from management and co-workers turned out to be helpful in coping with mental stress. (75368)

CIS 00-1190 Bus drivers exposed to problem suburbs. (French: Le chauffeur de bus face au problème des banlieues) Bonnefoy P., Knab A., Kelfa C., Wurth M., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1997, Vol.37, No.1, p.17-25. 10 ref. (In French)

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Topics: age-linked differences; anxiety; buses; conditions of work; cross-sectional study; depressive neurosis; drivers; epidemiologic study; France; job dissatisfaction; mental stress; neuropsychic stress; public transport; questionnaire survey; social aspects; statistical evaluation; violence; work time schedules. (75211)

CIS 00-1191 Health planning and work absenteeism. (Spanish: Planificación sanitaria y absentismo laboral) Apellániz A., Apellániz I., Sánchez Milla J.J., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.XLIII, No.171, p.87-101. 19 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: accident absenteeism; economic aspects; evaluation of technique; health programmes; sickness absenteeism; social aspects; Spain; work organization. (75222)

CIS 00-1192 Emotional stress and information processing ability in the context of accident causation. Kolich M., Wong-Reiger D., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1999, Vol.24, No.6, p.591-602. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonwork stress on information processing ability. The research question was studied by simulating industrial tasks (using playing cards) that required varying amounts of information processing. Nonwork stress was measured using parts of a pre-existing questionnaire. Twelve persons were selected to participate in this study. Nonwork stress was found to negatively affect information processing ability, as measured by reaction time. As a consequence, stress due to nonwork factors can be considered an important factor in accident occurrence in complex person-machine systems; one that is, at the very least, worthy of further investigation. The findings of these investigations have far-reaching implications with regard to employment practices; particularly those concerned with pre-employment screening and stress management training. These implications are based on the premise that the likelihood of an accident in complex person-machine systems decreases as high risk individuals are identified and trained. (75244)

CIS 00-1193 How to prevent psychosocial risks in the enterprise. (Spanish: Cómo prevenir los riesgos psicosociales en la empresa) Otero M.E., Protección y seguridad, Nov.-Dec. 1998, Vol.44, No.262, p.21-25. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: Colombia; conditions of work; ergonomics; human behaviour; human factors; information of personnel; job dissatisfaction; occupational psychology; psychological effects; safety and health training; social aspects; supply of information; workers participation. (75372)

CIS 00-1194 Stress characteristics and conditions in people working with computers: Ideas for preventive action. (Italian: Caratteristiche e condizioni dello stress negli operatori al computer: Indicazioni per la prevenzione) Giannini A.M., Bonaiuto P., Istituto Italiano di Medicina Sociale, Via P.S. Mancini, 28, 00196 Roma, Italy, 1998. xi, 112p. Illus. Approx. 300 ref., ISBN 88-87098-06-9 (In Italian)

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Major study of mental stress in people who work regularly with computers. Contents: definition of stress and its opposite states; criteria for the classification of different kinds of stress; study techniques; short-term stress and the so-called alarm phase; principal medium- and long-term effects of stress - resistance and burn-out phases; stress, comfort and computer and telecommunication technologies - work with computers; ideas for prevention (main areas for intervention: training, work equipment, working environment, job activities, factors outside the job, personality issues, forms of specific job training). (75389)

CIS 00-1195 Putting safety at risk by consuming illegal drugs. (German: Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1998. 118p. Illus., ISBN 3-88383-476-9 (In German)

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Subjects covered: use of illegal drugs in Germany; drug screening of job applicants and employees by industrial physicians; the effect of drug dependence on safety at the workplace and traffic safety; agreement by representatives of employers and employees in the chemical industry on actions to be taken in cases of drug abuse and to recognize drug dependent job applicants; methods of detecting drug use; work capacity of employees using drugs; prevention of drug abuse in the workplace. (75364)

CIS 00-1196 Preventing absenteeism at the workplace: A European portfolio of case studies. Gründemann R.W.M., Van Vuuren C.V., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland, 1998. viii, 162p. Illus. 11 ref., ISBN 92-828-0420-8 (In English)

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Topics: case study; chemical industry; construction industry; domestic and related helpers, cleaners; electric power generation; electrical industry; Europe; food industry; government services; hospitals; metalworking industry; motivation; motor vehicle industry; postal services; pottery industry; printing industry; psychology of absenteeism; public transport; report; sickness absenteeism; waste disposal; water supply. (75239)

CIS 00-1197 Stress prevention: Acting at the organization level. (Spanish: Prevención del estrés: intervención sobre la organización) Martín Daza F., Nogareda Cuixart C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 8p. 9 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; human behaviour; human relations; information of personnel; responsibilities of employees; role of supervisory staff; Spain; stress factors; supply of information; work organization; workers participation. (75333)

CIS 00-1198 Social support. (Spanish: El apoyo social) Pérez Bilbao J., Martín Daza F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: adaptation of man to work; data sheet; human relations; mental stress; psychology and sociology; role of supervisory staff; social aspects; social climate; Spain; state of health; stress factors. (75334)

CIS 00-1199 Psychosocial factors: Assessment methodology. (Spanish: Factores psicosociales: metodología de evaluación) Martín Daza F., Pérez Bilbao J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; description of technique; fatigue; human factors; human relations; job dissatisfaction; mental stress; mental workload; psychology of work organization; Spain. (75338)

CIS 00-1200 Mental workload: Fatigue. (Spanish: Carga mental de trabajo: fatiga) de Arquer M.I., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. 12 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; diet; mental workload; motivation; nervous fatigue; physical fitness; sickness absenteeism; Spain; workbreaks. (75340)

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