CIS 00-601 Act No.92/007 of 14 Aug. 1992 - The Labour Code [Cameroon]. (French: Loi n°92/007 du 14 août 1992 - Le Code du travail [Cameroun]) In: Annuaire officiel du Ministère du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale, 1993, 5th ed., Republic of Cameroon, published by the C.R.A.D.A.T., p.23-56 (CIS has a copy of p.39-49 only). (In French)

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Title V of this new Labour Code covers: hours of work; night work; work by women, young people and children; weekly rest; paid holidays and transportation on behalf of the employer. Title VI covers: safety and health at work. Title VII covers: implementation agencies and their means of action. Title VIII covers professional institutions: the National Consultative Commission for Labour; the National Commission for Occupational Health and Safety; staff representatives. (74811)

CIS 00-602 Workmen's Compensation Act 1975 [Singapore]. In: Supplement to the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore, 1975, p.151-184. (In English)

Internet:

http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1998-REVED-3…
   …54&doctitle=WORKMEN%92S%20COMPENSATION%20ACT%0a&date=latest&method=part&segid=91…
   …3876341-000004

This Act consolidates and revises Singapore legislation on workmen's compensation. It repeals the Act (Cap.130, No.25) on the same subject. (74815)

CIS 00-603 Decree No.93/210/PM of 3 Mar. 1993 on the organization and functioning of the National Commission for Occupational Health and Safety [Cameroon]. (French: Décret du Premier Ministre n°93/210/PM du 3 mars 1993 portant sur l'organisation et le fonctionnement de la Commission nationale de santé et de sécurité au travail [Cameroun]) Cameroon Tribune, 31 Mar. 1993, p.11. (In French)

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Topics: Cameroon; law; occupational safety and health; public OSH institutions; safety and health organization. (74814)

CIS 00-604 Health and Safety: The Health and Safety (Fees) Regulations 1999 [United-Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd., P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 27p. Price: GBP 4.50., ISBN 0-11-082187-4 (In English)

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Topics: agriculture; approval; containers; equipment testing; explosives; financing of programmes; gas cylinders; genetically modified organisms; law; medical supervision; mining industry; national organization; petroleum products; public OSH institutions; quarrying industry; radioactive substances; respirators; safety frames and cabs; toxic substances; United Kingdom; vocational training. (74839)

CIS 00-605 Legislative Decrees 626/94 - 242/96: Technical and prescriptive references to training for safety and health protection of workers in public administration [Italy]. (Italian: D.Lgs. 626/94 - D.Lgs. 242/96: Riferimenti tecnici e normativi per la formazione alla tutela della salute e della sicurezza dei lavoratori addetti agli uffci della Pubblica Amministrazione) Dipartimento della Funzione Pubblica, Formez - Centro di Formazione e Studi, via Salaria 229, 00193 Roma, Italy, 1998. 1 CD-ROM, with booklet (23p.). (In Italian)

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Multimedia CD-ROM package providing a compendium of legal texts regarding OSH training activities for Italian public service workers in conformity with Legislative Decrees 626/94 (see CIS 96-1531) and 242/96. (74952)

CIS 00-606 List of current health and safety legislation 1998 [United Kingdom]. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1999. iv, 66p. + diskette (3.5'', readable in ASCII and Microsoft Word). Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1566-9 (In English)

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Topics: bibliography; compendium; legislation; microcomputer applications; occupational safety and health; supply of information; United Kingdom. (74958)

CIS 00-607 Decree No.79/096 of 21 March 1979 establishing the functioning of occupational medicine [Cameroon]. (French: Décret n°79/096 du 21 mars 1979 fixant les modalités d'exercice de la médecine du travail [Cameroun]) In: Annuaire officiel du Ministère du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale, 1993, 5th ed., Republic of Cameroon, published by the C.R.A.D.A.T., p.307-322. (In French)

Internet:

Topics: Cameroon; conditions of work; industrial physicians; law; notification of accidents and diseases; occupational medicine; workmen's compensation. (74812)

CIS 00-608 Organization and functioning of occupational medical services [Cameroon]. (French: Organisation et fonctionnement des services médicaux du travail [Cameroun]) In: Annuaire officiel du Ministère du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale, 1993, 5th ed., Republic of Cameroon, published by the C.R.A.D.A.T., p.325-329. (In French)

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Order dated 15 Oct. 1979. Topics: Cameroon; industrial physicians; interplant medical services; law; medical prevention and treatment; nursing personnel; occupational medicine; penalties; periodic medical examinations; plant health services; pre-employment medical examinations. (74813)

CIS 00-609 Regulations of 1999 on the activity and organization of the Inspectorate for Hygiene and Epidemiology [Bulgaria]. (Bulgarian: Pravilnik za dejnostta i ustrojstvoto na higienno-epidemiologičnite inspekcii) Dăržaven vestnik, 2 Feb. 1999, No.9, p.2-4. (In Bulgarian)

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Topics: Bulgaria; epidemiology; law; plant health supervision; role of medical labour inspection. (74833)

CIS 00-610 Decree No.1277 of 27 October 1998 on evaluation of hygiene in workplaces [Lithuania]. (Russian: Položenie o gigieničeskoj ocenke rabočih mest) Vedomosti Litovskoj Respubliki, 10 Dec. 1998, No.34, p.11-15. (In Russian)

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Topics: conditions of work; exposure evaluation; law; Lithuania; occupational health survey; plant health organization; research; workplaces. (74834)

CIS 00-611 Act No.37 of 1999 on the coordination of construction work [Austria]. (German: 37. Bundesgesetz über die Koordination bei Bauarbeiten (Bauarbeitenkoordinationsgesetz - BauKG)) Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, 15 Jan. 1999, Part I, No.37, p.321-325. (In German)

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Law on the application of the Federal Law of 1994 on Occupational Safety and Health in the Building Industry (CIS 98-358). Topics: Austria; construction industry; construction work; law; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities of employers; safety officers; safety planning. (74798)

CIS 00-612 Notification No.35 of 9 Feb. 1998 of the Czech Bureau of Mines concerning the protection of health and the prevention of accidents in operating underground trains in brown coal quarries [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu ze dne 9. února 1998 o požadavcích k zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci a bezpečnosti provozu důlní dráhy hnědouhelného lomu) Sbírka zákonů, 11 Mar. 1998, No.17, p.4426-4434. Illus. (In Czech)

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Topics: coal mining; Czech Republic; danger symbols; law; lignite; occupational safety; rail transport; transport of materials; underground work. (74793)

CIS 00-613 Notification No.109/1998 of 24 Apr. 1998 of the Czech Bureau of Mines to amend Notification No.22/1989 respecting the protection of health and the prevention of accidents for persons employed in mining activities [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu ze dne 24. dubna 1998, kterou se mění a doplňuje vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu č. 22/1989 Sb., o bezpečnosti a ochraně zdraví při práci a bezpečnosti provozu při hornické činnosti a při ...) Sbírka zákonů, 28 May 1998, No.38, p.5370-5381. Illus. (In Czech)

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Topics: Czech Republic; danger symbols; law; mining industry; occupational safety and health; plant safety and health organization. (74794)

CIS 00-614 Notification No.236/1998 of 30 Sep. 1998 of the Czech Bureau of Mines to amend Notification No.26/1989 respecting the protection of health and the prevention of accidents for persons employed in mining activities [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu ze dne 30. září 1998, kterou se mění vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu č. 26/1989 Sb., o bezpečnosti a ochraně zdraví při práci a bezpečnosti provozu při hornické činnosti a při činnosti ...) Sbírka zákonů, 19 Oct. 1998, No.81, p.7586-7587. (In Czech)

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Topics: Czech Republic; law; mining industry; occupational safety; plant safety and health organization. (74795)

CIS 00-615 Notification No.237/1998 of 30 Sep. 1998 of the Czech Bureau of Mines to amend Notification No.51/1989 respecting the protection of health and the prevention of accidents in works and operations involved in processing and refining materials [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu ze dne 30. září 1998, kterou se mění vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu č. 51/1989 Sb., o bezpečnosti a ochraně zdraví při práci a bezpečnosti provozu při úpravě a zušlecht'ování nerostů ...) Sbírka zákonů, 19 Oct. 1998, No.81, p.7588-7589. (In Czech)

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Topics: Czech Republic; law; mining industry; occupational safety and health; refining. (74796)

CIS 00-616 Notification No.238/1998 of the Czech Bureau of Mines to amend Notification No.55/1996 respecting the protection of health and the prevention of accidents for persons employed in mining activities [Czech Republic]. (Czech: Vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu ze dne 30. září 1998, kterou se mění vyhláška Českého báňského úřadu č. 55/1996 Sb., o požadravcích k zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci a bezpečnosti provozu při činnosti ...) Sbírka zákonů, 19 Oct. 1998, No.81, p.7590-7598. Illus. (In Czech)

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Topics: Czech Republic; law; mining industry; occupational safety and health; plant safety and health organization. (74831)

CIS 00-617 Health and Safety - The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 68p. Price: GBP 7.30., ISBN 0-11-085614-7 (In English)

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These Regulations supersede and consolidate the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 (CIS 89-1100; Regulation 26 on special hazard assessment continues in force) and the Ionising Radiations (Outside Workers) Regulations 1993 (CIS 94-19). They implement in part as respects Great Britain provisions of Council Directives 96/29/Euratom (CIS 96-1943), 90/641/Euratom (CIS 94-18) and 97/43/Euratom. The Regulations outline all aspects of radiation protection where ionizing radiation may be present. Contents: general principles and procedures (authorization of specific practices, notifications, prior risk assessment, restriction of exposure, personal protective equipment, maintenance, dose limitation, contingency plans); arrangements for the management of radiation protection (radiation protection advisers, information, instruction and training); designated areas; classification and monitoring of persons; arrangements for the control of radioactive substances, articles and equipment; duties of employees and miscellaneous. In schedules: work exempt from notification requirements; details of notifications; explanation of dose limits; particulars to be entered in the radiation passbook and the health record; list of threshold amounts for various radionuclides. (74837)

CIS 00-618 Methylene chloride: Final Rule [USA]. Department of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Federal Register, 22 Sept. 1998, Vol.63, No.183, p.50712-50722. (In English)

Internet:

In 1997 OSHA issued a standard regulating occupational exposure to methylene chloride (dichloromethane), which lowered the 8h TWA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) from 500ppm to 25ppm, and set a 15min short term exposure limit (STEL) of 125ppm. This final rule adds a provision for temporary medical removal protection for exposed workers at a particular risk because of an existing medical condition. It also amends the startup dates by which certain employers must comply with the standard. (74817)

CIS 00-619 Royal Order of 10 Aug. 1998, modifying Annex II, Title II, Chapter IIbis of the General Regulation for Labour Protection, concerning the establishment of exposure limits to chemical substances [Belgium]. (Dutch: 10 August 1998 - Koninklijk besluit tot wijziging van bijlage II van titel II, hoofdstuk IIbis van het Algemeen Reglement voor de Arbeidsbescherming wat de vaststelling van de grenswaarden voor blootstelling aan chemische agentia betreft; French: Arrêté royal du 10 août 1998 modifiant l'annexe II au titre II, chapitre IIbis du Règlement général pour la protection du travail en ce qui concerne la fixation des valeurs limites d'exposition à des agents chimiques [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 12 Sep. 1998, No.176 p.29318-29346. (In Dutch, French)

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Royal Order of 10 Aug. 1998, modifying Annex II, Title II, Chapter IIbis of the General Regulation for Labour Protection (CIS 93-1056) by the addition of a new list of threshold limit values (TLVs) in line with Directive 96/94/EC (CIS 97-9). (74818)

CIS 00-620 Health and Safety - The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 [United Kingdom]. The Stationery Office Ltd., P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 25p. Illus. Price: GBP 4.50., ISBN 0-11-082087-8 (In English)

Internet:

These Regulations re-enact, with minor modifications, Regulations No.1994/3246 on the same topic (CIS 95-19), as amended subsequently. It is consistent with, and implements as respects Great Britain, various European Council Directives, in particular 80/1107/EEC (CIS 81-1610) and Commission Directives 91/322/EEC (CIS 92-1427) and 96/94/EC (CIS 97-9), as well as others with more limited scope (vinyl chloride, benzene, carcinogens etc.). The Regulations impose duties on employers to protect employees and other persons who may be exposed to substances hazardous to health. These duties relate to: prohibition of importation (except from another EU state) of certain substances (2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-aminodiphenyl, 4-nitrodiphenyl, salts of these chemicals, matches made with white phosphorus); assessment of health risks; prevention, control and monitoring of exposure; health surveillance; information, instruction and training; fumigation; exemption certificates. In the schedules: list of carcinogens; prohibition of certain substances for certain purposes; special provisions relating to biological agents; examination and testing frequency of local exhaust ventilation plant; specific substances to be monitored; medical surveillance in connection with certains substances; fumigation exemptions and notifications. (74832)

CIS 00-621 Official Mexican Standard - Requirements with respect to safety and hygiene at the place of work in the areas of manual handling, transport and storage of hazardous chemicals [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana - Condiciones de seguridad e higiene en los centros de trabajo para el manejo, transporte y almacenamiento de sustancias químicas peligrosas [México]) Diario Oficial de la Federación, 2 Feb. 1999, Vol.DXLV, No.2, p.24-34. (In Spanish)

Internet:

http://www.stps.gob.mx/04_sub_prevision/03_dgsht/normatividad/normas/nom_005.htm

Contents of this standard: definitions; obligations of employers and workers; administrative requirements; specific OSH programme for the handling, transportation and storage of dangerous chemicals; particular requirements for flammable, combustible, explosive, corrosive, irritant or toxic substances. A number of official standards are repealed, in particular official standards NOM-009-STPS-1993 (CIS 95-1945) and NOM-018-STPS-1993 (CIS 98-11). (74835)

CIS 00-622 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 28 February 1999 amending Grand-Ducal Regulation of 4 November 1994 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work [Luxembourg]. (French: Règlement grand-ducal du 28 février 1999 modifiant le Règlement grand-ducal du 4 novembre 1994 concernant la protection des travailleurs contre les risques liés à l'exposition à des agents cancérigènes au travail [Luxembourg]) Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 17 Mar. 1999, A, No.26, p.659-660. (In French)

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This Regulation modifies the 1994 Regulation on carcinogens in order to make it conform to the provisions of Directive 97/42/EC (see CIS 99-17). (74838)

CIS 00-623 Ordinance No.1048 of 1998 respecting safety at work in low-voltage installations [Norway]. (Norwegian: Forskrift n°1048 om sikkerhet ved arbeid i og drift av lavspenningsanlegg) Norsk Lovtidend, 9 Dec. 1998, Part I, Vol.20, No.1048, p.1640-1644. (In Norwegian)

Internet:

Topics: electrical equipment; electrical safety; electricity; law; live work; Norway; work on electrical equipment. (74797)

CIS 00-624 Act to amend the Act on Radiation [Estonia]. (Russian: Zakon o vnesenii izmenenij v Zakon o radiacii) Pravovye Akty Ėstonii, 7 Dec. 1998, No.69, p.2134-2137. (In Russian)

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Topics: estonia; ionizing radiation; law; particulate radiation; radiation protection. (74799)

CIS 00-625 Act No.20 (III) of 1998 ratifying the Convention on Nuclear Safety [Cyprus]. (Greek: Sumbasê gia tên purênikê asfaleia) Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 11 Dec. 1998, Part III, No.3287, p.1210-1246. (In English, Greek)

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This Convention applies to the safety of nuclear installations. Topics: approval; Cyprus; emergency organization; hazard evaluation; international agreements; international cooperation; law; nuclear power stations; particulate radiation; radiation protection; safety analysis; safety and health organization. (74840)

CIS 00-626 Decree No.98-1186 of 24 December 1998 amending modified Order No.86-1103 of 2 October 1986 on the protection of workers against the dangers of ionizing radiation [France]. (French: Décret n°98-1186 du 24 décembre 1998 modifiant le décret n°86-1103 du 2 octobre 1986 modifié relatif à la protection des travailleurs contre les dangers des rayonnements ionisants [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 26 Dec. 1998, No.299, p.19555-19556 (In French)

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Topics: approval; dosimetry; exposure evaluation; exposure records; France; ionizing radiation; law; medical supervision; permissible radiation doses; radiation protection; safety officers. (74800)

CIS 00-627 Decree-Law No.311/98 of 14 October, establishing rules related to the organization of radiation protection and nuclear safety [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei n°311/98 de 14 de Outubro estabelece regras relativas à orgânica do sector da protecção radiológica e segurança nuclear) Diário da República, 14 Oct. 1998, I Series A, No.237, p.5320-5321. (In Portuguese)

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Topics: ionizing radiation; law; physical hazards; Portugal; radiation equipment and processes; radiation protection. (74816)

CIS 00-628 Regulation No.390 of 24 June 1998 on exposure limits to ionizing radiation [Yugoslavia]. (Serbian: Pravilnik o granicama izlaganja jonizujudjim zračenjima) Službeni List SFRJ, 3 July 1998, No.32, p.19-62. (In Serbian)

Internet:

Topics: compliance with exposure limits; ionizing radiation; law; list of radioactive substances; radiation protection; threshold limit values; Yugoslavia. (74820)

CIS 00-629 Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Confined Spaces) Regulation [Hong Kong]. Hong Kong Government Gazette, 22 Jan. 1999, Legal Supplement No.2, p.B75-B79, B83-B97. (In Chinese, English)

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L.N.17 is a Resolution of the Legislative Council introducing modifications into L.N.18 which follows it. L.N.18 repeals the 1973 Regulations (CIS 93-364) in application of the Order on Factories and Industrial Undertakings (CIS 89-6). It covers: interpretation; certified workers and competent persons (need for completion of a training course); risk assessments; safety precautions before and during work in confined spaces; use of personal protective equipment; emergency procedures; information of workers; duties of certified workers. (74836)

CIS 00-630 Decree No.98-1084 of 2 December 1998 on organizational measures, conditions for implementation and technical rules governing the use of work equipment, amending the Labour Code (2nd part: Orders of the Council of State) [France]. (French: Décret n°98-1084 du 2 décembre 1998 relatif aux mesures d'organisation, aux conditions de mise en œuvre et aux prescriptions techniques auxquelles est subordonnée l'utilisation des équipements de travail et modifiant le code du travail (2e partie: décrets en Conseil d'Etat) [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 3 Dec. 1998, No.280, p.18215-18218. (In French)

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Modifications of the French Labour Code, introduced in order to implement in France provisions of Directive 89/655/EEC (CIS 90-357), as modified by Directive 95/63/EC (CIS 96-395). (74791)

CIS 00-631 Orders of 2.12.1998 on the height of unguided load lifting equipment ..., on the training in driving [such] equipment, ... and on the conditions with which [they] must comply [France]. (French: Arrêtés du 2.12.1998 relatifs à la hauteur des appareils de levage de charges non guidées, ... à la formation à la conduite de tels équipements et fixant les conditions auxquelles [ils] doivent satisfaire [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 4 Dec. 1998, No.281, p.18256-18257. (In French)

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Topics: approval; cranes; drivers; France; industrial trucks; law; lifting equipment; lifting of loads; qualifications; refresher training; vocational training. (74792)

CIS 00-632 Act No.235 on the prevention of AIDS and on the social protection of the population [Ukraine]. (Ukrainian: Zakon Ukraïny - Pro zapobigannja zahvorjuvannju na syndrom nabutogo imunodeficytu (SNID) ta social'nyj zahyst naselennja) Vidomosti verhovnoï rady Ukraïny, 16 Sep. 1998, No.35, p.706-715. (In Ukrainian)

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Topics: immunodeficiency syndrome; law; medical prevention; Ukraine. (74819)

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CIS 00-633 Isophthalic acid. (Spanish: Acido isoftálico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0500. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: light skin irritation. Topics: isophthalic acid; chemical hazards; data sheet; elimination of spills; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; first aid; health hazards; IPCS; irritation; labelling; Spain; storage; translation; waste disposal. (74841)

CIS 00-634 Methylarsonic acid. (Spanish: Acido metilarsónico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0755. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the bone marrow (anaemia, leukopenia), liver, kidney and peripheral nervous system. Threshold limit value: 0.01ppm (as arsenic). (74842)

CIS 00-635 Nitrilotriacetic acid. (Spanish: Acido nitrilotriacético) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1238. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: kidney damage; possible carcinogenic effects; may affect the reproductive system. (74843)

CIS 00-636 Pivalic acid. (Spanish: Acido piválico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0486. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (74844)

CIS 00-637 Tetrafluoroboric acid. (Spanish: Acido tetrafluorobórico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1040. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; corrosive for the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; inhalation may cause pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: skeletal and dental fluorosis. Threshold limit value: 2.5mg/m³ (as fluorine). (74845)

CIS 00-638 N-Butyl acrylate. (Spanish: Acrilato de N-butilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0400. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; inhalation may cause pulmonary oedema (effects may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; experiments on animals show possible toxic effects on the reproductive system. Threshold limit value: 10ppm. (74846)

CIS 00-639 Adiponitrile. (Spanish: Adiponitrilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0211. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; chemical burns; convulsions, unconsciousness and eventually death. Long-term exposure effects: haematological effects and adrenal damage which may lead to anaemia and tissue damage. Threshold limit value: 2ppm (skin). (74847)

CIS 00-640 Allethrin. (Spanish: Aletrina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0212. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurological effects. (74848)

CIS 00-641 d-Allethrin. (Spanish: d-Aletrina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0213. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; neurological effects. (74849)

CIS 00-642 Allyl-2,3-epoxypropyl ether. (Spanish: Alil-2,3-epoxipropil éter) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0096. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); neurological effects (central nervous system depression). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; genetic damage; serious effects on the reproductive system. Threshold limit value: 1ppm. (74850)

CIS 00-643 3-Dimethylaminopropylamine. (Spanish: 3-Aminopropildimetilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1227. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive for skin, eyes and respiratory tract; corrosive by ingestion. Long-term exposure effects: extended or repeated contact may lead to skin sensitization. (75001)

CIS 00-644 Phthalic anhydride. (Spanish: Anhídrido ftálico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0315. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: extended or repeated contact may lead to skin sensitization; extended inhalation may induce asthma. Threshold limit value: 1ppm. (75002)

CIS 00-645 Azinphosmethyl. (Spanish: Azinfos-metil) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0826. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: neurological effects leading to convulsions and respiratory impairment; exposure to high concentrations may lead to death. Long-term exposure effects: cholinesterase inhibition; cumulative effects. Acute poisoning: effects may be delayed; specific treatment is required. Threshold limit value: 0.2mg/m³. (75003)

CIS 00-646 Arsenic. (Spanish: Arsénico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0013. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects; circulatory system, kidney and gastrointestinal tract impairment, which may lead to serous haemorrhages, hypovolaemic shock and death. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; neuropathy; pigmentation disorders; tissue changes. Threshold limit value: 0.01mg/m³. Arsenic is a carcinogen. (75004)

CIS 00-647 Ferric arsenite. (Spanish: Arsenito férrico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 1241. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure: irritation of the skin, the eyes and the respiratory tract dermatitis; nervous system, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract impairment; exposure may lead to death. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis (greyish skin and hyperkeratosis); skin sensitization; nervous disorders; degenerative liver damage; nasal sinus perforation. Threshold limit value: 0.01mg/m³. Carcinogenic. (75005)

CIS 00-648 1,1'-Azobisformamide. (Spanish: C,C'-Azodi(formamida)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0380. International Chemical Safety Card. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; asthma symptoms may be delayed and are increased by physical effort. (75006)

CIS 00-649 Benzidine. (Spanish: Bencidina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0224. International Chemical Safety Card. Long-term exposure effects: carcinogen. Threshold limit value: A1 class for skin (ACGIH). (75007)

CIS 00-650 Bensulide. (Spanish: Bensulida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0383. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: neurological effects giving rise to convulsions and respiratory impairment; cholinesterase inhibition. Exposure may lead to death; effects may be delayed. Long-term exposure effects: possible cumulative effects. (75008)

CIS 00-651 Bentonite. (Spanish: Bentonita) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0384. International Chemical Safety Card. Long-term exposure effects: lung damage leading to silicosis. (75009)

CIS 00-652 Benzaldehyde. (Spanish: Benzaldehído) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0102. International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; fainting. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Benzaldehyde-induced tumours have been shown in animals. (75010)

CIS 00-653 Toxicological profile for aluminum (Update). Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xx, 352p. Illus. approx. 1200 ref. (In English)

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This toxicological profile provides a thorough overview of the possible effects of exposure to aluminium (Al) in humans. Heavy exposure to Al dust may result in respiratory or neurological damage. There is some evidence of a relationship between high levels of Al exposure and Alzheimer's disease, but this is not confirmed by other studies. The 8h Time Weighted Average (TWA) set by OSHA is 15mg/m³ for total Al dust and 5mg/m³ for respirable fractions. (74860)

CIS 00-654 Substitution of solvents by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. (French: La substitution des solvants par la N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone) Bégin D., Gérin M., Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3A 3C2, Canada, June 1999. 59p. 211 ref., ISBN 2-551-19213-7 (In French)

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Methylpyrrolidinone is a solvent mainly used in the electronics industry for the manufacture of semiconductors. This publication presents a concise and critical overview of current knowledge relating to the occupational safety and health, environmental and technical aspects of this solvent. Methylpyrrolidinone is an irritant that is readily absorbed by the skin and that can give rise to contact dermatitis. In Germany, the legal exposure limit has been set at 20ppm for an 8-hour period. In view of its developmental toxicity, the AIHA recommends to limit the exposure to 10ppm weighted over 8 hours. (74864)

CIS 00-655 Substitution of solvents by dicarboxylic acid esters (DBEs): Dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate. (French: La substitution des solvants par les esters d'acides dicarboxyliques (DBE): adipate diméthylique, glutarate diméthylique, succinate diméthylique) Bégin D., Gérin M., Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3A 3C2, Canada, June 1999. 46p. 118 ref., ISBN 2-551-19211-0 (In French)

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Dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate are solvents belonging to the class of dicarboxylic acid esters (DBEs). They are used as cleaning or scouring agents. This publication presents a concise and critical overview of current knowledge relating to the occupational safety and health, environmental and technical aspects of these solvents. Few toxicological data have been published on DBEs. Blurred vision may be associated with excessive exposure to DBEs. The DuPont company suggests an exposure limit of 1.5ppm for 8 hours. (74865)

CIS 00-656 Substitution of solvents by d-limonene. (French: La substitution des solvants par le d-limonène) Béguin D., Gérin M., Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal (Québec) H3A 3C2, Canada, June 1999. 42p. 100 ref., ISBN 2-551-19212-9 (In French)

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The solvent d-limonene belongs to the class of terpenes. At first, it was used as a fragrance, but for several years it has also been used as a cleaning and scouring agent. This publication presents a concise and critical overview of current knowledge relating to the occupational safety and health, environmental and technical aspects of this solvent. It is an irritant and can give rise to the development of allergic contact dermatitis upon oxidative degradation. Certain workers could be overcome by its smell. In Sweden, its occupational exposure limit has been set at 25ppm for 8 hours and 50ppm for 15 minutes. (74866)

CIS 00-657 Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1998. xxii, 883p. Illus. approx. 2000 ref. Price: CHF 174.00 (CHF 121.80 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157202-7 (In English)

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This criteria document covers the following toxicological aspects of 32 of these substances: identity; properties; analytical methods; sources of exposure; environmental behaviour; environmental levels and human exposure; metabolism in humans and animals; effects on animals, plants, microorganisms and humans; risk evaluation; recommendations. Summary in French and in Spanish. The following substances are covered: acenaphthylene, anthanthrene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, 11h-benzo(a)fluorene, 11h-benzo(b)fluorene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(ghi)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzoperylene, chrysene, coronene, cyclopenta(cd)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, dibenzo(a,e)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, 5-methylchrysene, 1-methylphenanthrene, naphthalene, perylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, triphenylene. (74941)

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CIS 00-658 Occupational safety and health in agriculture, forestry and livestock rearing. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2000. CD-ROM for at least 12-speed CD-ROM drive, Windows 95, 98, 2000 or NT, Internet Explorer 4.x or Netscape Navigator 4.6 (or any later version; a copy of Internet Explorer is provided). (In English)

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This CD-ROM includes articles related to agriculture, forestry and livestock rearing from the ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety (see CIS 99-1860), articles on the safety and health of workers in these branches of activity from national and international institutions, ILO codes of practice and booklets on forestry and agriculture and on topics such as chemicals and ergonomics that are critical for safety and health in these industries. It also includes international safety cards on agrochemicals, indexed in alphabetical order, by CAS number and by the risks involved from the chemicals, 3D animations on tractor safety, a video on safety in forestry operations as well as hundreds of photographs, drawings and charts. (75061)

CIS 00-659 PATRIS operator's manual and trainer's guide: Improving safety, health and working environment in the informal sector. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. 2 volumes (55p., 6p.). Illus., ISBN 92-2-011671-5, ISBN 92-2-011672-3 (In English)

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Topics: Africa; chemical hazards; developing countries; dust control; fire prevention; first aid; hand tools; housekeeping; ILO; informal sector; manual lifting; noise control; personal hygiene; personal protective equipment; plant safety and health organization; protection against heat; safety and health committees; Tanzania, United Rep. of; training course; training manuals; training material; ventilation; waste disposal; welfare facilities; work posture; work-rest schedules. (75036)

CIS 00-660 PATRIS operator's manual and trainer's guide: Improving safety, health and working environment in the informal sector. (Swahili: PATRIS maelekezo ya opereta; PATRIS mwongozo wa wakufunzi: Uboreshaji wa usalama, afya na mazingira ya kazi katika sekta isiyo rasmi) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. 2 volumes (55p., 6p.). Illus., ISBN 92-2-001671-5, ISBN 92-2-001672-3 (In Swahili)

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Swahili translation of a manual originally published in English (see CIS 00-659). Topics: Africa; chemical hazards; developing countries; dust control; fire prevention; first aid; hand tools; housekeeping; ILO; informal sector; manual lifting; noise control; personal hygiene; personal protective equipment; plant safety and health organization; protection against heat; safety and health committees; Tanzania, United Rep. of; training course; training manuals; training material; translation; ventilation; waste disposal; welfare facilities; work posture; work-rest schedules. (75037)

CIS 00-661 Using work equipment safely. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2000. 15p. Illus. 20 ref., ISBN 0-7176-1326-7 (In English)

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Aimed at owners and managers of small businesses, this booklet provides simple, practical advice on the safe use of work equipment. Guidance is given on the identification of potential hazards, and the reduction of risk by using the right equipment for the job, making sure that machinery and hand tools are safe, maintenance of machinery and equipment, and instruction and training of employees. It also describes common accident causes in small businesses when using ladders, drilling machines, food processing machinery and pressure water cleaners. (75065)

CIS 00-662 General catalogue of publications - 2000. (Spanish: Catálogo general de publicaciones - 2000) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2000. 46p. (In Spanish)

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Catalogue of publications available from the Spanish National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (INHST). Classification is by broad subject area: monthly and bimonthly publications; legislation and standardization; technical data sheets and safety guides; technical publications (notes and studies, ILO publications, sampling and analytical methods); training materials (information sheets, brochures, posters); audiovisual materials (videos, CD-ROMs); computer-based products. (75067)

CIS 00-663 Security - Periodicals, videos, journals, monographs, printed documents. (French: Sécurité: les périodiques, les vidéos, les illustrés, les livres, les imprimés) CNPP Entreprise SARL, Service d'Abonnements, BP 2265, 27950 Saint-Marcel, France, 2000. 31p. Illus. (In French)

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Catalogue of periodicals, videos, illustrated publications, books and other printed material avaiable from the French National Protection and Prevention Centre (Centre National de Prévention et de Protection). Most of these publications are focussed on fire safety. A few publications on additional topics are also included: guide to behaviour; confidentiality of communications; industrial safety; protection against terrorism; wireless systems; protection and detection of site boundaries. (75068)

CIS 00-664 Labour inspection policy and planning - A practical guide. Heron R., Vistisen H., Yamazaki K., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1998. vi, 74p., ISBN 92-2-111280-2 (In English)

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Topics: developing countries; ILO; international agreements; labour inspection; legislation; national organization; role of government; role of labour inspection; safety checks; training manuals; training of OSH personnel. (74954)

CIS 00-665 Responding to community outrage: Strategies for effective risk communication. Sandman P.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2700 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 250, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA, 1993. x, 142p. Illus. 6 ref. + 2 videos: "Risk = Hazard + Outrage: A formula for effective risk communication" (VHS format)., ISBN 0-932627-51-X (In English)

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Topics: audiovisual training; communications; information dissemination; major hazards; neighbourhood populations; neighbourhood protection; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employers; social aspects; supply of information; training manuals; training material; USA; videotape. (75039)

CIS 00-666 Stating your business. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, May 2000. 15p. 10 ref., ISBN 0-7176-1799-8 (In English)

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This booklet is aimed at owners of small firms. It includes an example of a health and safety document required for complying with the Health and Safety at Work Act (see CIS 74-2099) and describes the responsibilities and the organizational elements which need to be considered when preparing this document (hazard evaluation; workers participation; plant and equipment safety; handling and use of toxic or hazardous substances; information, training and supervision in safety and hygiene; medical surveillance and accident procedures; monitoring; emergency procedures). It also includes useful notes and references. (75063)

CIS 00-667 HSE Books - Catalogue - Spring 2000. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. 68p. Index. (In English)

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Catalogue including all occupational safety and health publications obtainable from the HSE. Classification is by document type: guidance on the application of the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work Act (CIS 74-2099); industry-, sector- or substance-specific guidance; guidance notes; guidance on the application of regulations; forms; notices and posters; accident and incident reports; contract research reports; methods for the determination of hazardous substances; toxicity reviews; research papers. (75069)

CIS 00-668 Coastal Catalogue 2000. Coastal Training Technologies Corp., USA, 1999. 72p. Illus. Index. (In English)

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Catalogue of videos, newsletters, CD-ROMs, manuals and posters on occupational safety and health available from a commercial provider of occupational safety and health training materials and programmes. Contents are listed under the following headings: behaviour-based safety; blood-borne pathogens; confined spaces; construction safety; driver training; electrical safety; environmental issues; ergonomics; fall protection; fire and emergency procedures; forklift truck and crane safety; general safety and hygiene issues; hazardous materials (risks, transport, labelling, disposal); lockout/tagout; machine safety; personal protective equipment; pro-active safety; process safety; respiratory protection; substance abuse; supervisor training. (75070)

CIS 00-669 Safety in forestry - It's possible! 6 real-life cases. 2nd booklet. (French: La sécurité en forêt - C'est possible! 6 accidents authentiques. Fascicule n°2) Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Sécurité du travail, Case postale, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland, 1st ed., 1997. 15p. Illus. (In French)

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This booklet presents six cases of forestry accidents having occurred recently in Switzerland. The accidents are described in simple, clear terms and with the help of illustrations, for the purpose of displaying on company notice boards and to serve as items for discussions with employees; they are also intended as training materials in vocational schools. (74918)

CIS 00-670 A recipe for safety: Health and safety in the food and drink industries. North S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. 30p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-7176-2432-3 (In English)

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Topics: beverage industry; bulk storage bins; case study; check lists; cost of accidents; dermatitis; enforcement; falls from heights; food industry; frequency rates; legislation; lung diseases; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational accidents; plant safety and health organization; safety devices; statistics; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom. (75038)

CIS 00-671 Drycleaners - Are you in control?. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Mar. 2000. 11p. Illus. 5 ref., ISBN 0-7176-1710-6 (In English)

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This booklet covers the issue of safety and health in dry cleaning shops and offers guidance for preventing or reducing these risks. A check list allows readers to verify their level of understanding of these hazards. The main hazards present in this field of activity include: explosions of pressure vessels as a result of faulty pressure systems; proliferation of bacteria (giving rise to legionnaire's disease) in cases of inappropriate or insufficient treatment of cooling towers; inhalation of solvent vapours, and particularly of perchloroethylene, spills of reactive chemicals on the skin and in the eyes; injuries caused by the lifting of loads and repetitive movements; miscarriage. (75062)

CIS 00-672 Safety and health in the school. (Danish: Sikkerhed og sundhed i skolen) Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1998. 32p. Illus. Index. (In Danish)

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Training booklet on safety and health in schools, aimed at administrators, teachers and students. Important topics covered: science laboratories; computer terminals; school buildings. (75088)

CIS 00-673 Focus on part time work. (Danish: Fokus på fritids jobs) Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, [1998]. 15p. Illus. (In Danish)

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Training brochure aimed at the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases among young people (15-17 years old) engaged in part-time employment (usually after-school). (74920)

CIS 00-674 General ventilation in the workplace - Guidance for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. iv, 16p. Illus. 35 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-7176-1793-9 (In English)

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General ventilation or dilution ventilation is a term used to define the flow of air into and out of a working area, so that possible contaminants are diluted by adding fresh air. This can be provided by natural ventilation or forced (or mechanical) ventilation. Aimed at employers, this booklet covers the principles of natural ventilation, the conditions in which general ventilation is applicable, the criteria that need to be taken into consideration when selecting the rate of air renewal as well as methods enabling the evaluation of the efficiency of the ventilation system. It also includes the regulations applicable to this area. (75064)

CIS 00-675 COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 28p. + binder containing 63 guidance sheets. Illus. 30 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-2421-8 (In English)

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Topics: case study; check lists; chemical safety; comment on law; containment; dangerous substances; data sheet; dermal toxicity; harmful substances; hazard criteria; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; information of personnel; inhalation toxicity; legislation; limitation of exposure; list of chemical substances; medical supervision; occupational hygiene; personal protective equipment; plant safety and health organization; respirators; responsibilities of employers; safety guides; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom; ventilation; workers participation. (75040)

CIS 00-676 Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work: A training manual. Bakar Che Man A., Gold D., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. 82p., ISBN 974-8364-44-5 (In Thai)

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Thai translation of a training manual originally published in English (see CIS 93-789). Contents: health hazards due to chemical exposure (factors contributing to hazardous situations, toxic effects of chemicals); fire and explosion hazards; basic principles of prevention (elimination or substitution, organisational control); chemical emergency procedures (emergency plan, evacuation, first aid, fire fighting, spill and leak procedures); management of a chemical control programme. Annexes include a training checklist for safe use of chemicals at work, text of the ILO Chemicals Convention and Recommendation, and guidance on the classification, identification and labelling of chemicals. (75057)

CIS 00-677 Medical first aid guide for use in accidents involving dangerous goods (MFAG). International Maritime Organization, London, United Kingdom, 1982. 148p. Illus. + Supplement 1984, 24p. Illus. Index., ISBN 92-801-1145-0 (1982 rev. ed), ISBN 92-801-1174-4 (1984 supplement) (In English)

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First aid guide used as a supplement to the International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS, see CIS 95-590). It contains information on the diagnosis of poisoning, first aid, complications of poisoning (by type of toxic effect and by organ system), general toxic hazards and emergency treatment. In addition, there are detailed chemical tables (i.e. data sheets) with specific information on the signs and symptoms associated with poisoning by specific classes of substances, as well as on the appropriate treatment. (74942)

CIS 00-678 Handle with care - Assessing musculoskeletal risks in the chemical industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. iv, 112p. (perforated sheets for ring binder) Illus. 14 ref., ISBN 0-7176-1770-X (In English)

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This manual is aimed at employers and employees to help them assess the risks of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) arising from the various tasks, workloads and work environments in the chemical industry. It includes check lists for assessing the risks from manual handling and working at screens, as well as assessing the MSD risks to the upper extremities. 14 case study exercises based on typical tasks carried out within the chemical industry are described, and the readers or participants are encouraged to conduct the risk assessment themselves or in group work. Suggested answers are included for each of the cases. A blank form enables users to describe the tasks they carry out and to assess the MSD risks of their specific job. (75066)

CIS 00-679 Ergonomic checkpoints: Practical and easy-to-implement solutions for improving safety, health and working conditions. (Polish: Ergonomiczna lista kontrolna: Ergonomiczne rowiązania na rzecz poprawy warunków pracy, bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia pracowników) International Ergonomics Association, Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra. med. Jerzego Nofera, Św. Teresy 8, 90-950 Łódź, Poland, 1996. xxiv, 275p. Illus., ISBN 83-86052-24-4 (In Polish)

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Polish translation of the ILO manual abstracted as CIS 96-2070. It contains 128 "checkpoints", each consisting of one page of important points to remember about an ergonomic issue (including many OSH subjects as well), grouped under the headings WHY, HOW, SOME MORE HINTS and POINTS TO REMEMBER, together with one page of illustrations. The checkpoints themselves are grouped under the following headings: materials storage and handling; hand tools; productive machine safety; improving workstation design; lighting; premises; control of hazardous substances and agents; welfare facilities; work organization. An overall ergonomic check-list, with one recommendation for each of the checkpoints, is also provided. (75035)

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CIS 00-680 The validity of the TR safety observation method on building construction. Laitinen H., Marjamäki M., Päivärinta K., Accident Analysis and Prevention, Sep. 1999, Vol.31, No.5, p.463-472. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The results of safety inspections carried out on building construction sites were compared with the accident figures of the same sites. The observed safety aspects were: working habits, scaffolding and ladders, machines and equipment, protection against falling, lighting and electricity, and order and tidiness. Each item was scored as "correct" if it met the safety standards, otherwise as "not correct". The safety index was calculated as a percentage of the "correct" items related to all the observed items. There was a significant correlation between the observed safety index and the accident rate of the site groups. The sites with the lowest observed safety index had, on average, a three times higher accident rate than the sites with the highest safety index. The method is used by the site personnel as an internal weekly safety inspection and feedback tool. The state safety inspections use the method as a means of objective feedback for the companies. (74975)

CIS 00-681 Comparison of fatal and severe nonfatal traumatic work-related injuries in Washington State. Alexander B.H., Franklin G.M., Fulton-Kehoe D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.317-325. 27 ref. (In English)

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Fatal and hospitalized nonfatal injuries occurring from 1991-1995 were identified from Washington State workers' compensation claims data. Nonfatal injuries were classified as severe if they had at least one of the following criteria: a brain or spinal cord injury, an Injury Severity Score of > 16 or hospitalization for more than seven days. The study identified 335 fatal injuries and 4,405 hospitalized nonfatal injuries, of which 1,105 were classified as severe. Tree topping and pruning, carnival work, roofing, and metal siding and gutters risk classes had several severe nonfatal injuries, but few, if any, fatalities. Causes of fatal and severe nonfatal injuries were notably different for the roofing, restaurant and orchard workers risk classes. The inclusion of severe hospitalized injuries in occupational injury surveillance systems will provide a broader view of high-risk occupations and profile of injury causation with which to direct occupational injury prevention efforts. (74940)

CIS 00-682 The responsibilities of occupational safety and health specialists. (Spanish: Las responsabilidades de los técnicos de prevención) González Biedma E., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.3, p.4-11. Illus. (In Spanish)

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This article reviews the different levels of responsibility of the OSH specialist in Spain: administrative responsibility punishable by a fine, penal responsibility defined by a court applying criminal law and punishable by a criminal penalty and civil liability for the economic repair of the damage. The OSH specialist being generally bound to the company by a contract of employment, the role and the responsibilities of the company are also described. (75024)

CIS 00-683 Communication within the company. (French: La communication au sein de l'entreprise) Loukil W., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Oct. 1998, No.7, p.16-22. Illus. (In French)

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Overview of the importance of good communications within the enterprise in achieving high levels of safety. Topics: communications; human relations; information of personnel; safety and health organization; speech communication; supply of information. (74887)

CIS 00-684 Non-traumatic occupational accidents - The other side of occupational accidents. (Spanish: Accidentes de trabajo por formas no traumáticas - La otra vertiente de la siniestralidad laboral) Zimmermann Verdejo M., de la Orden Rivera M.V., Maqueda Blasco J., Almodóvar Molina A., Szumlakowski Molina E., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.3, p.27-38. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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Non-traumatic occupational accidents with lost days notified in 1996 were analysed. They accounted for 0.2% of total occupational accidents. The incidence varied according to age. The frequency rate was 5 times higher for men than for women; it also varied within the day, with a maximum between 10 a.m. and noon. Among the 43 activity sectors listed, fishing, metalworking, construction, surface transport, public administration and health services had the highest frequency rates. (75026)

CIS 00-685 Global estimates of fatal occupational accidents. Takala J., Epidemiology, Sep. 1999, Vol.10, No.5, p.640-646. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Data on occupational accidents are not available from all countries. Furthermore, underreporting, limited coverage by reporting and compensation schemes, and non-harmonized recording and notification systems undermine efforts to obtain worldwide information on occupational accidents. New estimated global figures of fatal accidents at work by region are presented. Fatal occupational accident rates reported to the International Labour Office are extended to the total employed workforce in countries and regions. For areas not covered by the reported information, rates from other countries that have similar conditions are applied. In 1994, an average estimated fatal occupational accident rate in the whole world was 14.0 per 100,000 workers, and the total estimated number of fatal occupational accidents was 335,000. Fatal occupational accident figures are higher than previously estimated. The new estimates can be gradually improved by obtaining and adding data from countries where information is not yet available. Sectoral estimates for key economic branches would further increase the accuracy. (75034)

CIS 00-686 Guide to safety in business and in public services 2000 - 13th Edition. (French: Guide de la sécurité des entreprises et des collectivités 2000 - 13e édition) Face au risque, Jan. 2000, Suppl. to No.359, 240p. llIus. Index. (In French)

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This practical guide to safety is a directory of safety-related organizations and enterprises in France. Part 1 contains the addresses of official national or regional bodies involved with safety issues. Part 2 covers safety organisations, trade unions, associations, testing laboratories, training institutions and safety engineering firms. Part 3 covers manufacturers and installers of fire safety equipment, as well as services connected with fire safety. Part 4 deals with prevention of theft, sabotage and other criminal acts. Part 5 lists manufacturers and installers of pollution-control equipment, as well as anti-pollution services. Part 6 covers manufacturers of personal protective equipment. Thematic and alphabetical indexes are provided. (74861)

CIS 00-687 International agency efforts to protect workers and the environment. Takala J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1999, Vol.5, No.1, p.30-37. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Every year 335,000 workers die in occupational accidents and altogether 1.1 million fatalities are caused by work-related factors. Some 250 million nonfatal accidents causing absence from work are aggravated by permanent disabilities, reduced capacity of life and work, and economic losses amounting to 4% of the gross national product. The role of the International Labour Office (ILO) in promoting social justice is based on ethical principles and demonstrated by the ILO's standard-setting work, information exchange and proposed Global Programme on Occupational Safety, Health and Environment. The ILO's practices encourage a participatory process aimed at better legislation and enforcement, the training of well-informed specialists whose aim is to modify the work environment and work cultures to eliminate or reduce the problems and suffering. The ILO's key present and new activities and outputs, such as the new 4th edition of the Encyclopaedia on Occupational Health and Safety, are described. A better system of collaboration and networking in occupational safety is described. (74874)

CIS 00-688 Education in The European Union: Possibilities and problems. (Spanish: La formación en la Unión Europea: posibilidades y problemas) Llacuna Morera J., Prevención, trabajo y salud, 1999, No.3, p.12-18. Illus. (In Spanish)

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The different education systems for occupational safety and health specialists in European Union countries are reviewed and compared. It appears that OSH training is very heterogeneous within the European Union. The Nordic countries put more emphasis on the psychosocial aspects and ergonomics. Several countries offer university degrees or postgraduate courses. The European Commission plans to issue minimum requirements concerning the training of OSH specialists. (75025)

CIS 00-689 Compensation for employment injuries in southern Africa: An overview of schemes and proposals for reform. (French: L'indemnisation des accidents du travail en Afrique australe: aperçu général des régimes et propositions de réformes) Fultz E., Pieris B., International Labour Review - Revue internationale du Travail - Revista internacional del trabajo, 1999, Vol.138, No.2, p.171-193. 15 ref. (In English, French)

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Topics: Africa; Botswana; developing countries; legal aspects; Lesotho; Malawi; Mauritius; Mozambique; Namibia; responsibilities of employers; role of government; role of insurance institutions; safety and health institutions; South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania, United Rep. of; workmen's compensation; Zambia; Zimbabwe. (75087)

CIS 00-690 Working with VDUs - The implementation of Directive 90/270/EEC in Sweden and Germany. European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 155 Bd Emile Jacqmain, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 41p. Illus. 16 ref., ISBN 2-930003-32-4 (In English)

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Detailed commentary on the implementation in Sweden and Germany of the European directive concerning visual display units (see CIS 90-1069). (74898)

CIS 00-691 Compensation system in 1997 - Regional health insurance statistics. (French: Le régime général en 1997 - Statistiques régionales d'assurance maladie) Département des statistiques et des études, Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, 66 avenue du Maine, 75694 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1998. 256p. Illus. (In French)

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This publication presents the breakdown of compensation payments made by the French occupational disease compensation system for the year 1997, by region and by primary insurance grouping affiliation. In 1997, the system refunded FRF 499.4 billion in way of social insurance (illness, maternity, invalidity and death), and FRF 33.0 billion for occupational accidents, for a total of FRF 532.4 billion. (74863)

CIS 00-692 Technological statistics of occupational accidents and illnesses - Remarks - Year 1996. (French: Statistiques technologiques des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles - Remarques - Année 1996) Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, Direction des risques professionnels, 33 avenue du Maine, BP 7, 75755 Paris Cedex 15, France, 1998. 46p. Illus. (In French)

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Occupational accident and illness statistics for France for the year 1996 are presented for each of the main 15 sectors of activity, with details according to the age and the nationality of the victims, their level of qualification, the place where the accident occurred and the location of the injury. Several charts also highlight trends with respect to permanent disabilities, temporary disabilities, severity rates and the rate of permanent disabilities for the 1989-1996 period. (74868)

CIS 00-693 European statistics on accidents at work - Methodology (1998 edition). Eurostat Statistical Office of European Communities, rue de la Loi 200, 1049 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 54p. 6 ref. Price: EUR 11.50 (excluding VAT)., ISBN 92-828-6865-6 (In English)

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Topics: age-linked differences; European Communities; fatalities; frequency rates; injuries; occupational accidents; sex-linked differences; statistical evaluation; statistics. (74899)

CIS 00-694 Third national survey of working conditions. (Spanish: III Encuesta nacional de condiciones de trabajo 1999) Maqueda Blasco J., Almodóvar Molina A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 285p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-544-9 (In Spanish)

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National survey on working conditions in Spain by occupation or grouped under the main headings of construction, services and industry. Main topics: organization of occupational safety and health; safety conditions and accident risks; ambient conditions (noise, vibration, chemicals, thermal environment); physical and mental workload; psychosocial factors (communication, work time schedules, participation); health hazards (occupational accidents, occupational diseases, psychosomatic diseases). (75021)

CIS 00-695 Strategic plan for 1999/2002 - Summary. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 16p. (In English)

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Topics: agricultural operations; building industry; asbestos; computer-assisted control; economic aspects; financing of programmes; gas industry; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational safety and health; ongoing research; public OSH institutions; report of activities; small enterprises; United Kingdom; welfare facilities; workers participation. (74893)

CIS 00-696 Strategic plan for 1999/2002. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1st ed., 1999. xvi, 85p. Illus. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-2438-2 (In English)

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Topics: agricultural operations; building industry; asbestos; computer-assisted control; economic aspects; financing of programmes; gas industry; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational safety and health; ongoing research; public OSH institutions; report of activities; small enterprises; United Kingdom; welfare facilities; workers participation. (74894)

CIS 00-697 National occupational research agenda - Update May 1999 - 21 priorities for the 21st century. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1999. 37p. Illus. 1999. (In English)

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Topics: applied research; conditions of work; economic aspects; financing of programmes; future trends; national organization; research; role of government; statistics; USA. (74956)

CIS 00-698 Risk assessment and risk management - Improving policy and practice within government departments. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1998. x, 37p. (In English)

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Topics: government services; hazard evaluation; information dissemination; international agreements; plant safety and health organization; research; role of government; standard; supply of information; toxicology; United Kingdom. (74957)

CIS 00-699 Profiles of agencies, institutions, and organizations involved in the Mongolian occupational safety and health information network. (Mongolian: Hödölmörijn ajuulgüj ažillagaa, erüül ahujn medeellijn ündesnij sülžeend hamragdsan zasgijn gazryn bolon olon nijtijn, törijn bus bajguullaguudyn žagsaalt, harilcah hajag) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, Aug. 1998. 74p. (In English, Mongolian)

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Topics: directory; ILO; labour inspection; Mongolia; national organization; private OSH institutions; public OSH institutions; safety and health institutions. (75060)

CIS 00-700 Safety and health at work, environment, prevention and methods for analysing occupational accidents. (French: Sécurité-santé au travail et environnement et prévention et méthodes d'analyses des accidents du travail) Laraqui C.H., Mounassif M., Société marocaine d'hygiène, de sécurité et de santé au travail, Laboratoire public d'essais et d'études, 25 Rue d'Azilal, Casablanca, Morocco, 1999. 139p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 9981-809-09-8 (In French)

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Proceedings of the 2nd National Convention on occupational hygiene, safety and health held at Rabat, Morocco, from 13 to 14 November 1999. The first part was devoted to occupational safety and health, and the environment. Topics of papers presented: environmental pollution regulations; ambient air surveillance; industrial waste; risks in the tanning industry. The second part dealt with prevention and methods for analysing occupational accidents. Topics of papers presented: statistical study of occupational accidents; ergonomic analysis of accidents and the causal tree method. Several other papers were presented, covering in particular the interpretation of safety posters and shift work. (74870)

CIS 00-701 Employment injury schemes in Southern Africa: An overview and proposals for future directions. Fultz E., Pieris B., ILO, International Labour Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe, Dec. 1998. 23p. Price: USD 5.00., ISBN 92-2-111465-1 (In English)

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Topics: Africa; agriculture; construction industry; employee rights; ILO; international agreements; legislation; migrant workers; mining industry; occupational accidents; responsibilities of employers; transport industry; workmen's compensation. (74873)

CIS 00-702 Cost-benefit analysis of health promotion measures. Krüger W., Müller P., Stegemann K., European Network - Workplace Health Promotion, eds., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany, 1998. 76p. approx. 120 ref., ISBN 3-88261-032-8 (In English)

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Special edition of the "WHP-Net-News". Topics: check lists; cost-benefit analysis; economic aspects; European Communities; Germany; health programmes; safety programmes; work efficiency. (74895)

CIS 00-703 Present status of Japanese industrial safety and health - 1998 Edition. Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan. 1998. 53p. Illus. (In English)

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Includes detailed statistics on occupational diseases and accidents, as well as descriptions of major accidents. Topics: frequency rates; health service records; Japan; mortality; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; report; safety service records; state of health; statistical trends; statistics. (74900)

CIS 00-704 Economic impact of occupational safety and health in the Member States of the European Union. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, [1999]. 68p., ISBN 92-828-2634-1 (In English)

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This report covers the following topics: costs and benefits of OSH measures; economic impact of OSH policies; use of financial incentives; initiatives at the European Union level. In annex: definitions; abbreviations. (74960)

CIS 00-705 Recordkeeping guidelines for occupational injuries and illnesses. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, OSHA Office of Statistics, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue , NW, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 1998. iii, 82p. Illus. Index. (In English)

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Topics: data sheet; directive; fatalities; glossary; health service records; notification of accidents and diseases; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; responsibilities of employers; safety service records; USA. (74949)

CIS 00-706 The face of decent work. (French: Le visage du travail décent; Spanish: El aspecto del trabajo adecuado) International Labour Office (ILO), ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. VHS Videotape (length: 18min)., ISBN 92-2-111626-3 (Eng), ISBN 92-2-211626-7 (fr), ISBN 92-2-311626-0 (esp) (In English, French, Spanish)

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This videotape is an exposé on the world's most deadly professions and workplace hazards: mining, agriculture, factory fires, to name but a few. It shows primitive forms of labour that have remained unchanged in their methods for nearly a thousand years. It shows the victims of the pressure to increase production in an increasingly competitive and global economy, and is intended as an awareness-raising tool for the general public, to be used by the ILO's social and institutional partners and the NGO community in the framework of seminars, group presentations, exhibitions and technical meetings. (75030)

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CIS 00-707 Mortality among Catholic nuns certified as radiologic technologists. Doody M.M., Mandel J.S., Linet M.S., Ron E., Lubin J.H., Boice J.D., Fraumeni J.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.339-348. 34 ref. (In English)

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In an occupational study of 145,000 radiology technologists (73% female), the mortality patterns of 1,103 nuns was evaluated, and compared to those of other female radiology technologists and of U.S. white females in order to determine possible differences in mortality experience. Compared with the general population, the mortality experience of nuns was favourable and reflected the "healthy worker effect" commonly seen in occupational studies. Patterns observed for breast and cervical cancer possibly indicate differences in reproductive and sexual behaviour associated with belonging to a religious order. The possibility of a radiation-related excess for breast cancer among nuns certified before 1940 cannot be completely discounted, although there was no dose-response relationship with the number of years certified. When their mortality experience was compared with other radiology technologists, the influence of lifestyle factors was not apparent. (74822)

CIS 00-708 Elevated risk for male breast cancer after occupational exposure to gasoline and vehicular combustion products. Hansen J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.349-352. 25 ref. (In English)

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Automotive gasoline contains benzene, 1,3-butadiène, 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, and the combustion products include certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, all of which have shown mammary gland carcinogenicity in long-term bioassays. A case control study on male breast cancer morbidity was established among members of a pension fund. Employment histories were reconstructed for each of 230 cases and 12,880 control subjects based on computerized records. When a lag time of at least 10 years was taken into account, the odds ratio for breast cancer among men with over three months of employment in occupations with potential exposure to gasoline and combustion products was 2.5. Among men younger than 40 years at the time of first employment, the odds ratio was 5.4. This study supports the hypothesis that occupational exposure to gasoline vapours and combustion products may play a role in the causation of male breast cancer. (74823)

CIS 00-709 Risk of mortality, cancer incidence, and stroke in a population potentially exposed to cadmium. Elliott P., Arnold R., Cockings S., Eaton N., Järup L., Jones J., Quinn M., Rosato M., Thornton I., Toledano M., Tristan E., Wakefield J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.57, No.2, p.94-97. 22 ref. (In English)

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The English village of Shipham has very high concentrations of cadmium in the soil. A previous cohort study of residents from 1939 to 1979 showed overall mortality below that expected, but a 40% excess of mortality from stroke. This study extends the follow up of the cohort to 1997. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios were estimated with regional reference rates. Comparisons were made with the nearby village of Hutton. All-cause mortality was lower than expected in both villages, although there was excess cancer incidence in both Shipham and Hutton. There was an excess of mortality from hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and nephritis and nephrosis, of borderline significance, in Shipham. In a geographical study, all-cause mortality in Shipham was also lower than expected. There was an excess in genitourinary cancers in both Shipham and Hutton. In conclusion, no clear evidence of health effects from possible exposure to cadmium in Shipham was found despite the extremely high concentrations of cadmium in the soil. (74901)

CIS 00-710 Occupational risk factors for pancreatic cancer: A case-control study based on death certificates from 24 U.S. States. Kernan G.J., Ji B.T., Dosemeci M., Silverman D.T., Balcus J., Hoar Zahm S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.260-270. 50 ref. (In English)

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A population-based case-control study based on death certificates from 24 U.S. states was conducted to determine if occupations/industries or work-related exposures to solvents were associated with pancreatic cancer death. Industries associated with significantly increased risk included printing and paper manufacturing; chemical, petroleum and related processing; transport, communication and public service; wholesale and retail trades; and medical and other health-related services. Occupations associated with significantly increased risk included managerial, administrative and other professional occupations; technical occupations; and sales, clerical and other administrative support occupations. Potential exposures to formaldehyde and other solvents were assessed by using a job exposure matrix. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde was associated with a moderately increased risk of pancreatic cancer, with ORs of 1.2, 1.2, 1.4 for subjects with low, medium, and high probabilities of exposure and 1.2, 1.2, and 1.1 for subjects with low, medium, and high intensity of exposure, respectively. (74935)

CIS 00-711 Occupational risk factors of lung cancer: A hospital based case-control study. Droste J.H.J., Weyler J.J., Van Meerbeeck J.P., Vermeire P.A., van Sprundel M.P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.322-327. 35 ref. (In English)

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To investigate the relation between lung cancer and exposure to occupational carcinogens, cases and controls were recruited from 10 hospitals. Cases were male patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer; controls were male patients without cancer or primary lung diseases. A job history in the categories manufacturing of transport equipment other than automobiles (for example, shipyard workers), transport support services (for example, dockers), and manufacturing of metal goods (for example, welders) was significantly associated with lung cancer (Odds Ratios (ORs) 2.3, 1.6, and 1.6 respectively). These associations were independent of smoking, education, civil and economic status. When assessed by a job-task exposure matrix, exposure to molybdenum, mineral oils and chromium was significantly associated with lung cancer. The study has shown a significant excess risk of lung cancer among workers in manufacturing of metal goods, manufacturing of transport equipment (other than automobiles) and transport support services. Assessment of exposure to specific carcinogens resulted in significant associations of chromium, mineral oils and molybdenum with lung cancer. (74964)

CIS 00-712 Two years follow up of pulmonary values among welders in New Zealand. Erkinjuntti-Pekkanen R., Slater T., Cheng S., Fishwick D., Bradshaw L., Kimbell-Dunn M., Dronfield L., Pearce N., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.328-333. 26 ref. (In English)

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A two-year follow up of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms was carried out among 54 welders and 38 non-welders in eight New Zealand welding sites. No overall differences were noted in the changes of pulmonary function variables between the two study groups. However, when the comparison was restricted to smokers, welders had a significantly greater annual decline in FEV₁ than non-welders, who had a slight non-significant annual increase. Also, welders without respiratory protection or local exhaust ventilation while welding had a greater annual decline both in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) than welders with protection. Among welders a significant association was found between the acute across shift change and the annual decline in FEV₁. Chronic bronchitis was more common among welders than non-welders. Only one welder but eight non-welders reported having asthma. Welders who smoked and welders working without local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection have an increased risk of accelerated decline in FEV₁. (74965)

CIS 00-713 Cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population. (Spanish: Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población laboral española) de la Iglesia Huerta A., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.35-47. Illus. 26 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: alcoholism; body weight; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus; diet; geographical variables; hyperlipaemia; hypertension; hyperuricaemia; ischaemia; obesity; questionnaire survey; risk factors; smoking; Spain. (74978)

CIS 00-714 Investigation of bites and itching in a word processing department. Lewis R.D., Feir D., Roegner K., Nayan A., Vordtriede S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.310-316. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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This study investigated reported bites and itching in a word processing division of a municipal department. Bird and rodent mites were suspected as causes of the bites because of the large population of pigeons around window ledges and the sighting of mice in the office. No single cause of the bites was identified; however, a combination of surface-borne dust on desk tops and floors, the presence of minute quantities of mineral wool and fibre glass, relatively dry conditions, little or no outdoor air supplied to the work space, evidence of seasonally associated high work load, labour/management strife, and the presence of computers being used on a 24-hour basis (possibly leading to high levels of static electricity) were suspected as multiple causes of most of the "bites." After removal of loose mineral wool and dirt from an air handling unit and implementation of an aggressive cleaning routine, no more bites or itching were reported after a 6-month, 1- and 2-year follow-up period. (75041)

CIS 00-715 Surveillance case definitions for work related upper limb pain syndromes. Harrington J.M., Carter J.T., Birrell L., Gompertz D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.264-271. 15 ref. (In English)

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A group of healthcare professionals from the disciplines interested in the prevention and management of upper limb disorders were recruited for a Delphi exercise. A questionnaire was used to establish case definitions from the participants, followed by a consensus conference involving the core group of 29 people. The draft conclusions were recirculated for review. Consensus case definitions were agreed for carpal tunnel syndrome, tenosynovitis of the wrist, de Quervain's disease of the wrist, epicondylitis, shoulder capsulitis (frozen shoulder) and shoulder tendonitis. The consensus group also identified a condition defined as "non-specific diffuse forearm pain" although this is essentially a diagnosis made by exclusion. The group did not have enough experience of the thoracic outlet syndrome to make recommendations. There was enough consensus among several health professionals from different disciplines to establish case definitions suitable for use in the studies of several work related upper limb pain syndromes. The use of these criteria should allow comparability between studies and centres and facilitate research in this field. The criteria may also be useful in surveillance programmes and as aids to case management. (75055)

CIS 00-716 An investigation of secondary exposure misclassification effects of lifelong occupational history in exposure estimation. Esmen N.A., Hall T.A., Stone R.A., Marsh G.M., Gula M.J., Gause C.K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.175-181. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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In most studies, only the direct effects of misclassification of the interpretation of results of occupational epidemiological studies are considered, or - alternatively - simple estimates of misclassification rates are assigned to various types of exposure estimation processes. Lifelong job profile data obtained from a previously published case-control study provided job histories of 511 decedents. An analysis of these work histories and the comparison of exposures related to longest-held job to estimated total lifetime exposures suggest that single job-based exposure estimates may lead to significant exposure misclassification rates. In addition, the appearance of shorter duration jobs in a study population occurring predominantly early in the work history may exacerbate problems associated with exposure misclassification. The inclusion of extensive recording of the work history of study subjects emerges as a reasonable basis for the investigation and potential reduction of secondary misclassification of exposures in occupational epidemiological studies. (75081)

CIS 00-717 Contact allergy among masons in Cotonou, Republic of Benin. (French: L'allergie de contact chez les maçons à Cotonou, République du Bénin) Fayomi E.B., Lachapelle J.M., Zohoun T., Revue de médecine du travail, May-June 1997, Vol.XXIV, No.3, p.155-158. 12 ref. (In French)

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Topics: Africa; allergens; Benin; chromium; cement; construction industry; eczema; skin allergies; skin diseases; skin tests. (74883)

CIS 00-718 Requirements for occupational medicine training in Europe: A Delphi study. Macdonald E.B., Ritchie K.A., Murray K.J., Gilmour W.H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.57, No.2, p.90-105. 14 ref. (In English)

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A survey was conducted among members of several European occupational medicine associations based on the training syllabus for occupational medicine in the United Kingdom. The results were discussed at a conference on the subject of competencies, following which a further questionnaire was developed. Respondents' ratings from most important to least important were: occupational hazards to health, research methods, health promotion, occupational health law and ethics, communications, assessment of disability, environmental medicine and management. In the second round, among those topics ranked most highly were: hazards to health and the illnesses which they cause, control of risks, and diagnoses of work-related ill health. This survey identified that respondents had traditional disease-focussed views of the competencies required of occupational physicians and that competencies were lagging behind the evolving definition of occupational health. (74902)

CIS 00-719 Assessment of the health impact of occupational risk in Africa: Current situation and methodological issues. Loewenson R., Epidemiology, Sep. 1999, Vol.10, No.5, p.632-639. 63 ref. (In English)

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Information from the current monitoring systems for occupational illness and injury in countries of the Southern African Development Community is presented. These data indicate that the reported annual injury rates for wage workers range widely from 0.35 to 49.42 injuries per 1,000 workers, and reported occupational fatality ranges from 0.85 to 21.6 fatalities per 100,000 workers. Despite wide variability in reported rates (probably caused by variability in coverage and accuracy of reporting systems), transport, agriculture, mining and, to a lesser extent, construction consistently make up about three-quarters of all fatalities, with vehicle- or transport-related causes accounting for high proportions of fatal accidents. The paper identifies and discusses major sources and direction of bias and error in the reported data and suggests approaches for a better assessment of the health impact of occupational illness, injury and mortality in African countries. (75033)

CIS 00-720 Global burden of disease and injury due to occupational factors. Leigh J., Makaskill P., Kuosma E., Mandryk J., Epidemiology, Sep. 1999, Vol.10, No.5, p.626-631. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Estimates of absolute morbidity and mortality due to occupational factors for the world were made, using all available published data as of 1994 or by applying the most appropriate age-/sex-/diagnosis-specific incidence and mortality rates to known working population distributions. Results are reported according to economic groupings determined by the World Bank (World Development Report, 1993) and disease and injury groupings according to The Global Burden of Disease project (1997). This was part of a larger study that estimated the total global disease burden. Aggregate results and analyses by region and disease are presented. It is estimated that approximately 100,000,000 occupational injuries (100,000 deaths) and 11,000,000 occupational diseases (700,000 deaths) occur in the world each year. These estimates should be regarded as very conservative and, although unavoidably crude, can nevertheless provide a basis for health priority planning at global level. (75032)

CIS 00-721 The long and winding road: OSHA and musculoskeletal disorders. Courtney T.K., Maynard W.S., Professional Safety, Aug. 1999, Vol.44, No.8, p.20-24. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Topics: compliance with exposure limits; enforcement; ergonomics; history; labour inspection; legal aspects; musculoskeletal diseases; penalties; safety and health institutions; USA. (75079)

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CIS 00-722 Women's health: Occupation, cancer and reproduction. Gunnarsdottir H.K., Rafnsson V., eds., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1999, Vol.36, No.1, p.1-222 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Special issue with 29 papers devoted to cancer and reproductive health problems among women exposed to a variety of occupational factors. The papers were presented at an international conference on cancer and reproductive risks among women, held at Reykjavik, Iceland, 14-15 May 1998. (74931)

CIS 00-723 Sperm aneuploidy among Chinese pesticide factory workers: Scoring by the FISH method. Padungtod C., Hassold T.J., Millie E., Ryan L.M., Savitz D.A., Christiani D.C., Xu X., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.230-238. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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Cases from a pesticide-manufacturing plant in Anhui, China, and controls from a nearby textile factory were recruited. Pesticide workers were exposed to ethyl parathion or methamidophos at a median level of 0.02mg/m³. Semen was collected from each subject. Scoring was based on three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Median semen parameters for exposed (and unexposed) men were: abstinence period, 3 days (4 days); sperm concentration, 52.8 x 10⁶/mL (53.1 x 10⁶/mL); proportion of sperm with normal motility, 50.5% (61.3%); and proportion of sperm with normal morphology, 59% (61.5%). The crude proportion of all aneuploidy combined was 0.30% and 0.19% for sperm from exposed and unexposed men, respectively. Poisson regression yielded significantly different crude risks of aneuploidy - 3.03 and 1.94 per 1,000 sperm from exposed and unexposed men, respectively. Regression coefficients remained statistically significant after adjustment for inter-technician variability giving a rate ratio of 1.51. It is concluded that occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides moderately increases the prevalence of sperm aneuploidy. (74932)

CIS 00-724 Mortality among aerial pesticide applicators and flight instructors: Follow-up from 1965-1988. Cantor K.P., Silbermann W., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.239-247. 42 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective cohort mortality study of male aerial pesticide applicators was extended beyond a previous study (1965-1979) through December 31, 1988. Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare directly adjusted mortality rates between applicators and a comparison cohort of flight instructors. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for comparisons with the U.S. white male population. In both groups, aircraft accidents were the major cause of death. Compared with flight instructors, aerial applicator pilots were at significantly elevated risk for all causes of death (risk ratio = 1.34) and for malignant neoplasms (1.18), non-motor vehicle accidents (1.71), motor vehicle accidents (1.69) and stroke (1.91). Pancreatic cancer (2.71) and leukaemia (3.35) were significantly elevated. Applicators were at lower risk of colon cancer (0.51) and multiple myeloma (0.23) mortality. Based on U.S. rates, the SMR for all causes of death among applicators was 111 and among instructors, 81. (74933)

CIS 00-725 Cohort mortality study of 57 000 painters and other union members: A 15 year update. Steenland K., Palu S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.315-321. 25 ref. (In English)

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To study mortality patterns in the largest existing cohort of painters, 15 years of follow-up were added to a study of 42,170 painters and 14,316 non-painters based on union records. There were 23,458 deaths, compared with 5,313 in the earlier follow up. Comparisons with the United States population showed significantly increased rates in painters for lung cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer and stomach cancer. However, in direct comparisons with non-painters only the excesses for lung cancer and bladder cancer were confirmed. Some confounding by smoking may affect these two outcomes, particularly with external referents. Cirrhosis of the liver was increased for both painters and non-painters, possibly indicating high alcohol consumption. Suicide and homicide were increased for painters but not for non-painters; neuropsychiatric diseases have been associated with painters in earlier studies. The results suggest modest occupational risks for lung and bladder cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified painting as an occupation definitely associated with cancer. (74963)

CIS 00-726 Case-control study of lung cancer among sugar cane farmers in India. Amre D.K, Infante-Rivard C., Dufresne A., Durgawale P.M., Ernst P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.56, No.8, p.548-552. 25 ref. (In English)

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To investigate the risk of lung cancer among sugar cane farmers and sugar mill workers, a case-control study was conducted in six hospitals in predominantly sugar cane farming districts. Newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed cases were identified from these hospitals between May 1996 and April 1998. Other cancers were chosen as controls and matched to cases by age, sex, district of residence and timing of diagnosis. Adjusting for confounders, an increased risk of lung cancer was found for workers ever employed on a sugar cane farm. Increased risks were round for work involving preparation of the farm and burning of the farm after harvesting. Non-significant increases in risks were round for harvesting the crop and processing the cane in the mills. Exposure to fibres of biogenic amorphous silica (BAS) formed from silica absorbed from the soil and deposited in the leaves of the sugar cane crop or crystalline silica formed as a result of conversion of BAS to cristobalite at high temperatures may account for the increased risks of lung cancer among sugar cane farmers. (74992)

CIS 00-727 End stage renal disease among ceramic workers exposed to silica. Rapiti E., Sperati A., Miceli M., Forastiere F., Di Lallo D., Cavariani F., Goldsmith D.F., Perucci C.A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.56, No.8, p.559-561. 28 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate whether ceramic workers exposed to silica experience an excess of end stage renal disease, a cohort of 2,980 male ceramic workers was enrolled during the period 1974-91 in Civitacastellana, Lazio, Italy. For each worker, employment history, smoking data and X-ray film readings were available. Vital status was ascertained for all cohort members. All 2,820 people still alive and resident in the Lazio region as of June 1994 were searched for a match in the regional end stage renal diseases registry, which records all patients undergoing dialysis treatment in public and private facilities of the region. A total of 6 cases was detected when 1.87 were expected. The excess risk was present among non-smokers and smokers, as well as among workers without silicosis and workers with silicoses. The risk was higher among subjects with <20 years since first employment than among those employed >20 years. These results provide further evidence that exposure to silica dust among ceramic workers is associated with nephrotoxic effects. (74993)

CIS 00-728 Spontaneous abortions among Finnish flight attendants. Aspholm R., Lindbohm M.L., Paakkulainen H, Taskinen H., Nurminen T., Tiitinen A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.41, No.6, p.486-491. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective cohort study was conducted in order to investigate whether work as a cabin attendant is related to an increased risk for spontaneous abortion. Data on female cabin crew members were linked to medical records on pregnancies. There were 1,751 eligible pregnancies for the final analysis. Flight attendants who worked during early pregnancy had a slightly elevated risk of spontaneous abortion when compared with attendants who were pregnant outside a time span of active flying. During the earliest years of the study period, the risk seemed to be lower, whereas during the later years the risk was increased. The results are in agreement with earlier studies, showing evidence of a slightly increased risk of spontaneous abortion among cabin crew members. (75000)

CIS 00-729 The impact of agricultural injury on farm owners and workers in Alabama and Mississippi. McGwin G., Scotten S., Aranas A., Enochs R., Roseman J.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.374-381. 21 ref. (In English)

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To assess the consequences of agricultural injury comparing Caucasian and African-American farm owners and workers, 1,244 farmers were observed between 1994-1996 for farming-related injuries. One hundred and thirty-one subjects reported a total of 140 injuries. The majority of injuries were classified as minor or moderate and required medical attention. African-American farm workers tended to have more severe injuries. Nearly all injured subjects experienced acute residual effects (e.g., pain when moving), while persistent effects occurred in about half of the injured subjects, the latter being more common among African-American workers. Losing employment was a frequent nonmedical effect of the injury. African-American workers tended to be more likely to become unemployed and/or be hurt financially. Better medical care facilities for African-American farm workers may allow a reduction of the impact of agricultural injuries in this population. (74826)

CIS 00-730 Agricultural occupational accidents among rural children - Part I: Age and sex of accident victims: Time and place of accidents. (Polish: Wypadki dzieci podczas prac w rolnictwie - Cz. I: Wiek i płeć poszkodowanych oraz czas i miejsce wypadków) Bujak F., Lachowski S., Florek M., Latuszyńska J., Medycyna Ogólna, 1998, Vol.4 (XXXIII), No.1, p.53-60. Illus. 8 ref. (In Polish)

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Data from 841 post-accident protocols collected from all regional sections of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund in Poland were analysed. The cases analysed occurred in 1996 on private farms and involved children and adolescents up to the age of 15. Boys constituted 71% of all victims of accidents. The greatest accident risk was noted among boys aged 13 and girls aged 12. Accidents most frequently occurred during vacations (July, August) and in springtime (May). The distribution of the number of the accidents by day of the week was fairly even, except that only approximately 10% of accidents took place on a Sunday. Nearly 50% of all accidents took place in the late afternoon (3pm - 6pm). Accidents happened most frequently in the household (64.3%), including slippery, uneven, cluttered yards, or non-ergonomic, untidy barns or farm buildings. See also CIS 00-731 and CIS 00-732. (74856)

CIS 00-731 Agricultural occupational accidents among rural children - Part II: Causes of accidents, factors causing injuries, categories of accidents. (Polish: Wypadki dzieci podczas prac w rolnictwie - Część II: Przyczyny wypadków, czynniki powodujące obrażenia, kategorie wypadków) Bujak F., Lachowski S., Florek M., Latuszyńska J., Medycyna Ogólna, 1998, Vol.4(XXXIII), No.2, p.177-182. 9 ref. (In Polish)

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Based on the analysis of the causes of 841 occupational accidents on private farms in which children were involved it may be concluded that: 1) The accident causes most frequently mentioned in protocols were: carelessness of the child (26.0%); tripping, stumbling and falling (23.2%); and slipping (22.2%). The vast majority of accidents took place in untidy farmyards. 2) 10% of the accidents were due to animal bites or kicks. 3) The main causes of injuries were due to work on slippery, uneven surfaces (30.1 %), or work with farm machinery and trailers (14.2%), with tractors (9.5%) or on ladders and stairs (8.1%). 4) The most frequent categories of accidents were: falls from height (34.8%), falls on the ground (24.2%) and being struck or ensnared by operating parts of machines (17.8%). See also CIS 00-730 and CIS 00-732. (74857)

CIS 00-732 Agricultural occupational accidents among rural children - Part III: Consequences of accidents - Health effects. (Polish: Wypadki dzieci podczas prac w rolnictwie - Część III: Następstwa wypadków - Skutki zdrowotne) Bujak F., Lachowski S., Florek M., Latuszyńska J., Medycyna Ogólna, 1998, Vol.4(XXXIII), No.3, p.314-321. Illus. 11 ref. (In Polish)

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Agricultural accidents in Poland on private farms involving children and adolescents under 15 were analysed. Children most often suffered traumas of the upper extremity (70% of all injuries), with the forearm and fingers most liable to injury. Traumas of the lower extremity made up 28%, with one third of them being injuries of the shank. Fractures, cuts and bruises were the most frequent and constituted 75.4% of all types of injuries experienced by children. A relatively numerous group of traumas were amputations (6.6%), especially of the fingers. There were also several cases of eye loss, amputation of the whole hand, loss of an ear or a toe. The more long-term consequences were hospitalization (76 children, i.e. 14% of the group examined, were hospitalized for more than one day) and long-lasting or permanent health damage: in 50% of children. See also CIS 00-730 and CIS 00-731. (74858)

CIS 00-733 The design and acquisition strategies of engineering safety. Svotwa Uz R.S., On Guard, Mar. 1999, Vol.6, No.16, p.18-22. (In English)

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Discussion of the best way to achieve machine safety in African mines. Topics: Botswana; degree of skill; machinery industry; Mali; mining industry; mining machines; Namibia; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employers; safety by design; safety engineers; selection of equipment; South Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe. (74851)

CIS 00-734 Atherogenic hazard and degree of physical workload in the working conditions of the metalworking industry. (Spanish: Riesgo aterogénico y grado de trabajo físico en las condiciones de trabajo de la industria metalúrgica) Algarín Fiestas M.I., Gómez Beltrán J., López Maside A., Fombuena Filpo J., Carrasco Gallego M.J., de la Iglesia Huerta A., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.49-59. Illus. 25 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: alcoholism; atherosclerosis; cholesterol; cross-sectional study; determination in blood; energy expenditure; hazard evaluation; lipid metabolism; metalworking industry; physical workload; smoking. (74979)

CIS 00-735 Offshore engineering - Formulating "a different approach" to fabrication. Lochhead J.C., King J., Welding and Metal Fabrication, Oct. 1999, Vol.67, No.9, p.14-18. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: description of technique; occupational hygiene; plant and process modifications; substitution; vibration disease; welding and cutting; welding fumes; work in confined spaces. (75020)

CIS 00-736 Metalworkers - Vicenza: New preventive intervention model in collaboration with the association of managers of the metalworking sector. (Italian: Metalmeccanici - Vicenza: nuovo modello di intervento preventivo con la collaborazione delle associazioni degli imprenditori nel comparto metalmeccanico) Piz C., SNOP, Nov. 1999, No.51-52, p.12-15. Illus. (In Italian)

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A programmeme aiming to improve occupational safety and health was implemented in the metalworking sector in the region of Vicenza, Italy, with the collaboration of the employers' association of this sector. The project comprised a first phase of information and training of company managers in hygiene and machine safety, followed by an inspection of the implementation of the safety and health measures. Statistical analysis of accidents before and after the setting up of this programme revealed a reduction in frequency and severity rates. (75027)

CIS 00-737 Expanded analysis of injury mortality among unionized construction workers. Chen G.X., Johnston J.J., Alterman T., Burnett C., Steenland K., Stern F., Halperin W., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.364-373. 21 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate the utility of expanding the number of injury categories used in previous occupational mortality studies, data from four previous studies of unionized construction workers (construction labourers, ironworkers, sheet metal workers and operating engineers) were reanalysed by expanding the number of injury categories from 6 to 33. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were computed using the distribution of deaths from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System in the US as a comparison. A blue-collar comparison group was also used in additional analyses to adjust for socio-economic and other factors. This reanalysis identified significantly elevated PMRs in at least one of the four worker groups for falls, motor vehicle crashes, machinery incidents, electrocutions, being struck by falling objects, being struck by flying objects, explosions, suffocation and water transport incidents. Limiting the comparison population to deaths among blue-collar workers did not change the results substantially. (74825)

CIS 00-738 Analysis of construction injury burden by type of work. Lowery J.T., Glazner J., Borgerding J., Bondy J., Lezotte D.C., Kreiss K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.390-399. 14 ref. (In English)

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Injury rates and workers' compensation (WC) payment rates were calculated for 25 types of work based on claims and payroll data of the 32,081 construction workers who built Denver International Airport. Injury experience varied widely among the types of construction work. Workers building elevators and conduits and installing glass, metal or steel were at particularly high risk of both lost-work-time (LWT) and non-LWT injury. Median days lost by injured workers was highest for driving/trucking, and much greater than previously reported for most types of work: 40 days or more for 18 of the 25 types of work analysed. WC payment rates were generally not significantly different from expected losses except for driving and trucking, metal or steel installation, inspection and analysis, and elevator construction. (74828)

CIS 00-739 The Hong Kong construction worker - What safety culture?. Robson G., Safety and Health Practitioner, Sep. 1999, Vol.17, No.9, p.24-28. Illus. (In English)

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This article was written by the safety manager of the the Anglo-Japanese principal contractor for the construction of Hong Kong's Tsing Ma Bridge. This high-profile project received much publicity and attracted the attention of the safety profession worldwide. The factors which influenced the safety culture of the local workforce and the way those managing safety on the joint venture worked to improve procedures and attitudes are discussed. (74852)

CIS 00-740 Problems of occupational health in building and construction industry - National and global. Mishra L., Industrial Safety Chronicle, Jan.-Mar. 2000, Vol.XXX, No.4, p.67-71. (In English)

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There are approximately 10 million building industry workers in India. Worldwide, construction workers are exposed to four classes of health hazards: chemical physical, biological and social. The most common fatal injuries are: falls (30%), transportation accidents (26%), contacts with objects or equipment (19%) and exposure to harmful substances (18%). Compared to the manufacturing sector which averages 60-80 accidents per 1,000 workers, the construction industry averages 160-250 accidents per 1,000 workers. In India a large portion of construction workers are unskilled labourers who are hired for projects. The existing legal provisions for safety and health in the building industry are presented. The role of the Union Ministry of Labour, the State Governments and the Central Labour Commissioner as well as that of managers and supervisors are described. (74906)

CIS 00-741 Mortality from cancer and other causes of death among synthetic rubber workers. Sathiakumar N., Delzell E., Hovinga M., Macaluso M., Julian J.A., Larson R., Cole P., Muir D.C.F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.230-235. 22 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 15,649 men employed for at least one year at any of eight North American styrene-butadiene rubber plants. Analyses used standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) to compare styrene-butadiene rubber workers' cause-specific mortalities (1943-91) with those of the United States and Ontario general populations. On average, there were 25 years of follow-up per subject. The SMR was 87 for all causes of death combined and 93 for all cancers. There was an excess of leukaemia among hourly workers. For causes of death other than leukaemia, SMRs were close to or below the null value of 100. Results by work area (process group) were unremarkable for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and stomach cancer. Maintenance workers had a slight increase in deaths from lung cancer, and certain subgroups of workers had more than the expected number of deaths from cancer of the large intestine and the larynx. This study found an excess of leukaemia that is likely to be due to exposure to butadiene or to butadiene plus other chemicals. Deaths from non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma, multiple myeloma and stomach cancer did not seem to be related to occupational exposure. (75051)

CIS 00-742 Maternal occupation in the leather industry and selected congenital malformations. Garcia A.M., Fletcher T., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.284-286. 8 ref. (In English)

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Cases and controls were selected from eight public hospitals in Spain. Cases were located from the hospital discharge records, including children born and diagnosed in some of the selected hospitals during their first year of life. Controls were selected from births without congenital defects in the same hospitals and dates of the cases. Both parents of selected children were interviewed (mainly by phone) and information about potential confounding variables and occupational history during the three years before the birth was collected in structured questionnaires. A total of 261 cases and the same number of controls were included in the study. Adjusted odds ratios (ORB) were estimated for maternal occupation in the leather industry in the period between three months before the conception and the birth of the child, and each selected group of congenital malformations: nervous system defects, cardiac defects of closure, oral clefts, epispadia or hypospaslia, and multiple anomalies. These data are compatible with an increased risk for oral clefts in the offspring of women working in the leather industry. (75056)

CIS 00-743 Call center: Harbouring hope or stress. (German: Callcenter: Hoffnungsträger oder Belastungsträger?) Spiessbach B., Knebelau M., Bender S., Ergo-Med, Nov.-Dec. 1999, Vol.23, No.6, p.246-253. Illus. 3 ref. (In German)

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Call centres belong to the growing tertiary sector of the economy, where stress factors and hazards differ in important ways from those in production-type occupations. The present article describes the work organization and qualifications needed, and two employees describe their work conditions in an interview. Occupational hazards (work with VDU, noise, poor ergonomics) and stress factors are reviewed. They lead to high absenteeism and turnover. Managerial monitoring, a harried time management, scarce breaks, and, in some cases, the absence of satisfactory work contracts, poor job security and difficult working schedules are among stress factors highlighted. Highly stressed vocal cords, neck aches, concentration and sleep disorders, even burnout syndromes were reported. (74802)

CIS 00-744 Accident costs in the NHS. Niven K., Safety and Health Practitioner, Sep. 1999, Vol.17, No.9, .34-38. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Evaluation of accident costs in the British National Health Service (NHS) Topics: analysis of accident causes; cost of accidents; hospitals; notification of occupational accidents; plant safety organization; statistical aspects; survey; United Kingdom. (74854)

CIS 00-745 Cancer in California school employees, 1988-1992. Reynolds P., Elkin E.P., Layefsky M.E., Lee G.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.271-278. 32 ref. (In English)

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Periodic concerns about excesses of cancer among teachers in California schools prompted our examination of cancer incidence in California school employees. Records of school employees between 1987-1992 were linked to the California Cancer Registry of incident cases diagnosed 1988-1992. Sex-, race- and age-adjusted standardized incidence ratios were calculated for specific cancer sites. Analyses stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and job assignment were also performed. Melanoma of the skin, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer and female cancers of the breast, uterus and ovary all occurred more frequently than expected in these school employees. In contrast, cancers of the respiratory system, oral cavity, digestive system, urinary system and uterine cervix occurred less frequently. The incidence of cancers thought to be related to hormones and/or higher socioeconomic status appeared elevated while cancers often linked to smoking and/or alcohol intake occurred less frequently in this large cohort of professional school employees. (74936)

CIS 00-746 Costs and benefits of preventing workplace accidents: Going from a mechanical to a manual handling system. Lanoie P., Trottier L., Journal of Safety Research, Summer 1998, Vol.29, No.2, p.65-75. 17 ref. (In English)

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This paper provides a cost-benefit analysis of the passage from a mechanical to a manual handling system that took place in the early 1990s at the Société des Alcools du Québec warehouse in Montreal. In particular, this change was aimed at reducing workplace accidents among packers. After evaluating the costs of the programme, a rigorous econometric analysis is presented in order to assess how many accidents have been prevented by the change so as to compute the direct and indirect costs avoided as a result of such accident reduction. It is shown that the demechanization of the handling system has indeed been profitable for the firm. (74973)

CIS 00-747 Occupational accidents and costs of temporary disability among primary health care personnel of a health care area. (Spanish: Accidentes de trabajo y coste de la incapacidad temporal del personal de atención primera de un área de salud) Ferraras de la Fuente A.M., González Celador R., Terleira Borja M., Saenz González M.C., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.25-34. 24 ref. (In Spanish)

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A descriptive-retrospective study of occupational accidents with absenteeism among primary health care staff in a health care area was conducted. Mean age was 37 and 49 in women and men respectively. The most frequent day for accidents was Friday. The most frequent lesions were sprain (ankle, cervical column) following costal fracture and politraumatism. Annual incidence was 8.76 labour accidents with absence per thousand workers, annual frequency ranged from 3.33 to 5.27 per millon working hours, annual severity ranged from 0.244 to 0.911 per thousand working hours and length of temporary disability was 92.57 days. Mean cost of labour absenteeism was 961,389 pesetas per accident. Incidence and frequency indices of labour accidents in primary health care staff were smaller than those in hospitals, while length of temporary disability and costs were larger. The main groups at risks were women and nurses 35 to 45 years old and the main causes were falling down or being involved in a traffic accident. The cost of temporary disability was more than double for the Social Security System than for the employer. (74977)

CIS 00-748 Women at work. Lehtinen S., ed., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 1999, Vol.6, No.2, p.27-55 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Topics: China; complications of pregnancy; discriminatory practices; expectant mothers; Finland; health hazards; health programmes; home work; ILO; India; legal aspects; occupational safety and health; Philippines; safety programmes; Singapore; social aspects; Thailand; women; work time schedules. (75050)

CIS 00-749 Management systems in building cleaning services: Integration of safety, health and environmental protection measures. (German: Managementsystem im Gebäudereiniger-Handwerk: Eingliederung von Sicherheits-, Gesundheits- und Umweltschutzmassnahmen) Schulz T., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-76, Postfach 10 11 10, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 71p. Illus. 54 ref., ISBN 3-89701-291-X (In German)

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Processes existing in a selected company of the cleaning contracting sector were examined in the light of applicable laws and regulations, customer needs and profitability requirements to define a generic management system for the sector. This report describes the setting up of an ISO 9001 quality management system integrating safety and health as well as environmental protection. It presents the quality manual and describes how employees participate in the implementation of the system. The preventive approach of the company which integrates safety, health and environmental aspects in the quality management system has also beneficial effects on the national economy. (74807)

CIS 00-750 Integration of safety and health protection into the work organization of a dental laboratory. (German: Integration von Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz in das Arbeitssystem eines zahntechnischen Labor) Mall G., Mall H., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-76, Postfach 10 11 10, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 92p. Illus. 33 ref., ISBN 3-89701-277-4 (In German)

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A 1982 research project of the German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety had resulted in proposals for improved ergonomics of goldsmiths' workplaces, which were then applied by a leading manufacturer to develop improved workplaces for dental technicians. These were tested and the results reported in this research report. The report also describes the professional activity and workplace of dental technicians, the harmful substances to which they are exposed and work processes in ten dental laboratories. (74809)

CIS 00-751 Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels - Amendment 1. (French: Qualification des soudeurs - Soudage par fusion - Partie 1: Aciers - Amendement 1) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1998. ii, 9p. Illus. (In English, French)

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This international standard amends the original standard dated 15 Aug. 1994. Topics: arc welding and cutting; ISO; joining and fastening; manual arc welding; qualifications; standard; steels; vocational training. (74871)

CIS 00-752 Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Amendment 1. (French: Qualification des soudeurs - Soudage par fusion - Partie 1: Aluminium et ses alliages - Amendement 1) International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1998. ii, 9p. Illus. (In English, French)

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This international standard amends the original standard dated 15 Aug. 1994. Topics: aluminium alloys; aluminium; arc welding and cutting; ISO; joining and fastening; manual arc welding; qualifications; standard; vocational training. (74872)

CIS 00-753 Check prevention - Demolition contractors. (Dutch: Check preventie - Het slopingsbedrijf; French: Check prévention - Entreprises de démolition) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p., ISBN 2-87112-068-4 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-66-4 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of demolition enterprises to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning machinery and equipment, transport hazards, electrical safety, hazardous materials, fire and explosion hazards, risks of falls, workers' health, physical hazards on worksites, and company policies and organization. (74913)

CIS 00-754 Check prevention - The textile industry. (Dutch: Check preventie - De textielveredlingssector; French: Check prévention - Le secteur de transformation du textile) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 24p., ISBN 2-87112-070-6 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-69-9 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of small textile enterprises to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning machinery and equipment, transport hazards, electrical safety, hazardous materials, fire and explosion hazards, physical hazards, workers' health, ergonomics, workplaces and buildings, company policies and organization, and emergency organization and first aid. (74914)

CIS 00-755 Check prevention - Treatment of furs and the fur garment manufacturing. (Dutch: Check preventie - De hersteller en maker van bontkledij; French: Check prévention - Le traitement et la confection des fourrures) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p., ISBN 2-87112-067-6 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-65-6 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of small enterprises of the fur industry to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning machinery and equipment, electrical safety, hazardous materials, fire and explosion hazards, ergonomics, workers' health, workplaces and buildings, company policies and organization, emergency procedures and first aid. (74912)

CIS 00-756 Priorities for health and safety in the brewing industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 4p. 32 ref. (In English)

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Topics: backache; breweries; check lists; conveyors; data sheet; falls from heights; falls on the level; fatalities; fork-lift trucks; hearing loss; injuries; lung diseases; manual handling; noise; organic dust; plant safety organization; risk factors; striking against objects; United Kingdom. (74926)

CIS 00-757 Priorities for health and safety in the soft drinks industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 4p. 32 ref. (In English)

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Topics: backache; check lists; conveyors; data sheet; falls from heights; falls on the level; fork-lift trucks; hearing loss; injuries; manual handling; noise; non-alcoholic beverage industry; plant safety organization; risk factors; striking against objects; United Kingdom. (74927)

CIS 00-758 Priorities for health and safety in the potable spirits industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 4p. 26 ref. (In English)

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Topics: alcoholic beverage industry; backache; check lists; confined spaces; conveyors; data sheet; explosion hazards; falls from heights; falls on the level; fire hazards; fork-lift trucks; hearing loss; injuries; lung diseases; manual handling; nasal cancer; noise; organic dust; plant safety organization; risk factors; striking against objects; United Kingdom; wood dust. (74928)

CIS 00-759 Check prevention - Sawmills. (Dutch: Check preventie - De houtzagerij; French: Check prévention - La scierie) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 24p., ISBN 2-87112-064-1 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-62-1 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of sawmills to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning machinery and equipment, transport hazards, electrical safety, hazardous materials, fire and explosion hazards, physical hazards, ergonomics, workers' health, emergency organization and first aid, workplaces and buildings, and company policies and organization. (74916)

CIS 00-760 Check prevention - The medical laboratory. (Dutch: Check preventie - Het medisch labo; French: Check prévention - Le laboratoire médical) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 24p., ISBN 2-87112-065-X (fr), ISBN 90-70902-63-X (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of medical laboratories to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning laboratory equipment, hazardous materials, physical hazards, fire and explosion hazards, contamination risks, electrical safety, ergonomics, workers' health, emergency organization and first aid, workplaces and buildings, and company policies and organization. (74911)

CIS 00-761 Check prevention - Street cleaning services (using trucks or mechanical street-sweepers). (Dutch: Check preventie - De straatreinigers (met duwwangentjes of gemotoriseerde veegmachines); French: Check prévention - Les agents du service de nettoyage de la voirie (travaillant avec des chariots ou des balayeuses)) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p., ISBN 2-87112-0069-2 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-68-0 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at owners and managers of street cleaning enterprises to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their company, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning machinery and equipment, workplaces and buildings - and in particular the vehicle garage, physical hazards, working methods, workers' health, information and training, and company policies and organization. (74915)

CIS 00-762 Check prevention - Social workers at institutions with residential facilities. (Dutch: Check preventie - Sociaal werk met inslapen; French: Check prévention - Travail social en institution avec hébergement) PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p., ISBN 2-87112-066-8 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-64-8 (ned) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet is aimed at managers of institutions with residential facilities to help them conduct the occupational risk assessment required by Belgian legislation within their organization, and to enable them to keep track of areas that need improvement. A first section to be filled in consists of the names of workers and their occupations. This is followed by check lists concerning electrical safety, fire hazards, workers' health, equipment, residents, workplaces and buildings, emergency organization and first aid, and company policies and organization. (74917)

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CIS 00-763 Workplace use of adjustable keyboard: Adjustment preferences and effect on wrist posture. Tittiranonda P., Rempel D., Armstrong T., Burastero S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.340-348. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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Thirty-five computer users used an adjustable split design keyboard for 7-14 days during their usual work and were instructed to adjust the keyboard to the opening angle they preferred. At the end of this period, three-dimensional motion analysis was performed to compare the distribution of wrist joint angles while subjects typed on a conventional keyboard and the adjustable keyboard adjusted to the subject's preferred angle. The mean preferred opening angle was 14°±10°. The mean ulnar deviation of the subjects who selected the opening angles between 21 and 28° (n = 12) decreased from 18°±5 on the flat to 14°±5 on the adjustable, while those who selected 0 to 10° and 11 to 20° split angles showed no significant differences in ulnar deviation. Mean wrist extension on the adjustable keyboard was 17°±5 and was significantly less than the 24°±5 observed on the conventional keyboard and most likely due to the presence of palm support. On average, subjects reported that the adjustable keyboard was more comfortable in comparison with the conventional keyboard. (75043)

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CIS 00-764 Investigation of the efficacy of the protective effect of respiratory devices in farmers with occupational asthma. (German: Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Atemschutzgeräten bei Landwirten mit berufsbedingtem Asthma bronchiale) Müller-Wening D., Neuhauss M., Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten, Nov. 1999, Vol.25, No.11, p.635-638. Illus. 24 ref. (In German)

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Farmers have an above-average frequency of bronchitis and bronchial asthma attributable to the inhalation of specific organic dusts. As in other professions, filters of respiratory devices do not offer complete protection. This was demonstrated in 26 farmers suffering from occupational asthma, who were challenged by exposure to work-related dust, first without and then, about 20 weeks later, with the respiratory device. The increases in airway resistance and thoracic gas volume were statistically significant in both challenges, but 50-80% smaller when respiratory devices in the second challenge. This experiment shows that the use of a respirator in farmers suffering from occupational asthma reduces the development of bronchial obstruction but does not prevent it. (74801)

CIS 00-765 Pulmonary mineral fibers after occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos in the Russian chrysotile industry. Tossavainen A., Kovalevsky E., Vanhala E., Tuomi T., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.327-333. 23 ref. (In English)

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The concentration and type of asbestos fibres were determined in 47 lung tissue samples from autopsies of workers and residents in the area of the world's largest asbestos mine at Asbest, Russia. Work histories were obtained from pathology reports and employment records. In 24 chrysotile miners, millers and product manufacturers, the pulmonary concentrations of retained fibres were 0.8-50.6 million f/g for chrysotile, and <0.1-1.9 million f/g for amphiboles. The concentrations were lower in 23 persons without any known occupational contact with asbestos, namely 0.1-14.6 million f/g for chrysotile, and <0.1-0.7 million f/g for amphiboles. On average, 90% of all inorganic fibres were chrysotile, and 5% tremolite or anthophyllite. Occupational contact was the most important source of asbestos exposure. (74821)

CIS 00-766 "Pneumoconiosis" seminar of the Commission for Scientific and Technical Research in the Mining Industry (CORSS) - 2nd part: From silica to asbestos. (French: Journée "Pneumoconioses" de la Commission des recherches scientifiques et techniques sur la sécurité et la santé dans les industries extractives (CORSS) - 2ème partie: de la silice à l'amiante) Lafon D., Blanchard O., Nonat A., Le Bacle C., Brochard P., Choudat D., Revue de médecine du travail, May-June 1997, Vol.XXIV, No.3, p.111-140. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

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Topics: asbestos; asbestosis; atelectasis; cancer; silica; compensation of occupational diseases; conference; cost of diseases; dose-response relationship; dust measurement; free silica; mineral fibres; pleural mesothelioma; pleurisy; pneumoconiosis; pulmonary fibrosis; respirable dust. (74882)

CIS 00-767 Mineral wools and health. (French: Laines minérales et santé) Abecassis J.C., Tibloux A., Baud J.P., Duval-Arnould G., de Wuyst P., Lambré C., Revue de médecine du travail, Sep.-Oct. 1998, Vol.XXV, No.4, p.197-223. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: bronchial cancer; conference; exposure; health hazards; labelling; legislation; man-made fibres; mineral fibres; mineral wool; pulmonary fibrosis; respiratory diseases; threshold limit values; toxicity evaluation. (74884)

CIS 00-768 Potential significance of airborne fiber dimensions measured in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber manufacturing industry. Lentz T.J., Rice C.H., Lockey J.E., Succop P.A., Lemasters G.K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.286-298. Illus. 69 ref. (In English)

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To determine dimensions of airborne fibres in the U.S. refractory ceramic fibre (RCF) manufacturing industry, fibres collected through personal air sampling for employees at RCF manufacturing and processing operations were measured. Data were derived from transmission electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected over a 20-year period. Characteristics of sized fibres include: diameter measurements of < 0.19 to 1.0µm, of which 75% are less than 0.6µm; and length ranging from < 0.6 to > 20µm, with 68% of fibres between 2.4 and 20µm. Exposures in RCF manufacturing include airborne fibres with dimensions (diameter < 0.1-0.4µm, length < 10µm) historically associated with biological effects in pleural tissues. Air sampling data and a review of studies relating fibre size to pleural effects in animals and humans support the belief that information on fibre dimensions is essential for studies with synthetic vitreous fibres. (74937)

CIS 00-769 Issues and controversy: The measurement of crystalline silica; Review papers on analytical methods. Miles W.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.396-402. 48 ref. (In English)

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This article reviews the analytical methods for crystalline silica polymorphs and summarizes promising techniques for compliance with health-related regulations. X-ray diffraction analysis appears to be the most promising method of determining quartz and cristobalite content at this threshold in many bulk mineral and chemical systems. Other analytical techniques can be used in some mineral and chemical assemblages, but usually lack polymorph specificity or sensitivity. All analytical methods benefit from concentration techniques that do not alter crystalline properties of silicas. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Analytical Method 7601 as written suffers from destruction of the mineral residue containing crystalline silica polymorphs after dissolution of many silicate minerals in phosphoric acid and may also include digestion-resistant silicate minerals, but it is a promising concentration method for other analytical methods such as NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 (X-ray diffraction). (75046)

CIS 00-770 Ventilation systems used in industrial hygiene. (Spanish: Los sistemas de ventilación utilizados en el ámbito de la higiene industrial) González Ferradás E., Miñana Aznar A., Baeza Caracena A., Morales Mateo F., Marzal Martínez F.J., Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.76, p.13-19. Illus. 17 ref. (In Spanish)

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A normal ventilation system that dilutes the concentrations of dangerous substances in the zones of work does not apply to industries that generate emissions of heat or harmful substances. In such conditions, other methods must be used, namely a localized aspiration and an adequate design of workplaces in order to capture the emissions. (75022)

CIS 00-771 National Congress of Occupational Medicine - Theme No.1: Evaluation of chemical hazards at the workplace. (French: Journées nationales de médecine du travail - Thème n°1: Evaluation du risque chimique en milieu de travail) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 1999, Vol.60, No.5, p.391-516 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French)

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Proceedings of the National Congress of occupational medicine on the evaluation of chemical hazards at the workplace, held in Strasbourg, France, from 23 to 26 June 1998. Papers presented covered general topics (methodology for evaluating risk, hierarchical classification of risks, levels of confinement, software and evaluation tools, biological monitoring) as well as the evaluation of the exposure to chemicals that are present in specific industrial settings. (74867)

CIS 00-772 Prevalence of elevated blood leads and exposure to lead in construction trades in Iowa and Illinois. Reynolds S.J., Seem R., Fourtes L.J., Sprince M.L., Johnson J., Walkner L., Clarke W., Whitten P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.307-316. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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This study characterized the prevalence of blood lead concentrations in high-risk construction trades in Iowa/Illinois, and identified risk factors for occupational exposure to lead in these construction workers. A sample of 459 workers was selected from the total population of all union members from trade groups of painters, plumbers/pipefitters, ironworkers, laborers and electricians. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire obtaining information on demographics, symptoms, occupational history, work practices, personal protective equipment and training. Venous blood samples were collected from each participant and analysed for blood lead and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. Blood lead levels differed by the type of trade, type of project and specific job activity owing to differences in the inherent exposure potential of each task. The study provides evidence that training, implementation of engineering contracts and proper use of personal protective equipment such as respirators is effective in controlling lead poisoning. (74939)

CIS 00-773 Workers suspended from lead work return to work: When and how. Chia S.E., Chia K.S., Chan A., Journal of UOEH, Mar. 1997, Vol.19, Supplement, p.246-252. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Results of a study conducted in Singapore. Topics: anaemia; blood monitoring; lead; compensatory leave; exposure evaluation; iron deficiency anaemia; plant health organization; Singapore; thalassaemia. (74968)

CIS 00-774 Hazards for nearby residents and cleanup workers of waste sites. Leigh J.P., Hoskin A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.331-348. 42 ref. (In English)

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This study weighs the risks to workers of cleaning up Superfund sites in the US against the risks to residents if the sites were not cleaned up. Risks are measured by the number of deaths and disabilities due to injuries and diseases, as well as by the costs of these deaths and disabilities. Three methods are proposed for the cleaning up of sites: one that is labour-intensive and two that are not. Twenty-four are posited hypothetical sites, with varying numbers of residents and levels of cancer death and cancer disability rates. Depending on the cleanup method, the number of residents and the rates, it was found that the risks to workers frequently outweighed the risks to residents. It is concluded that risks to workers should be accounted for in Environmental Protection Agency judgements regarding which and how Superfund sites should be cleaned up. (74996)

CIS 00-775 The evaluation of exposure to chloroform (CHCl₃) in indoor swimming pools and the biological monitoring of exposed subjects. (Italian: La valutazione dell'esposizione a cloroformio (CHCl₃) nelle piscine coperte e il monitoraggio biologico dei soggetti esposti) Aggazzotti G., Fantuzzi G., Righi E., Predieri G., Prevenzione oggi, 1999, Vol.XI, No.2, p.49-76. Illus. 38 ref. (In Italian)

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Exposure to chloroform in indoor swimming pools was investigated. After having determined the optimal conditions for environmental and biological surveillance of chloroform, a survey of occupationally exposed subjects as well as of the users of swimming pools was conducted in order to determine the amount of chloroform absorbed and its elimination kinetics. Dosage in blood and in the alveolar air are good indicators of exposure, the latter being simpler to undertake. (75029)

CIS 00-776 "Use in well-ventilated area"?. Olcerst R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.377-383. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The warning "Use in a Well-Ventilated Area" often found on material safety data sheets (MSDSs) or equipment specifications is not adequate. This admonition provides no specific information or guidance that would allow safety, industrial hygiene or facility engineering functions to anticipate, design or achieve a workplace that will protect occupants. This article presents a method for manufacturers of equipment, consumer goods or industrial process systems to enhance product stewardship by quantifying the total volatile emission rates of a unit of equipment and then specifying the number of total air changes required per unit to assure a workplace atmosphere below acceptable inhalation exposure guidelines or regulatory limits. It is proposed that manufacturers and distributors of equipment, consumer goods or industrial process units provide MSDS information specifying the number of air changes per hour of uncontaminated air that would be required for each device, consumer product or piece of equipment to achieve adequate ventilation. (75044)

CIS 00-777 A laboratory rig for studying aspects of worker exposure to bitumen fumes. Brandt H.C.A., de Groot P.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.182-190. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Worker exposure to benzene-soluble matter and to the polycyclic aromatic compound (PAH) content of bitumen fume was investigated. A laboratory rig was developed to generate bitumen fumes reproducibly under well-controlled conditions. Laboratory results were related to personal exposure measurements during asphalt paving and roofing. A quantitative relationship for predicting the laboratory fume emission was derived, with the variable part of the equation being termed the fuming index (FI). The FI correlates well with measured personal exposures in asphalt paving and in roofing. The laboratory fumes generated at 160°C are representative for fumes emitted in the temperature range relevant for asphalt paving, those generated at 250°C for roofing. The PAH profiles of the fumes collected as personal samples during asphalt paving and roofing operations were similar to those of the fumes generated in the laboratory from the same bitumen and at the same temperature. This laboratory set-up is an excellent tool for assessing bitumens in terms of fuming tendency and PAH emissions/exposures. (75082)

CIS 00-778 An approach to area sampling and analysis for total isocyanates in workplace air. Key-Schwarz R.J., Tucker S.P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.200-207. Illus. 48 ref. (In English)

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An approach to sampling and analysis for total isocyanates in workplace air was developed and evaluated. Isocyanates present in air are derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, tryptamine, in an impinger and subsequently analysed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has the advantages of being compatible with reversed-phase HPLC and not evaporating during sampling. DMSO also may dissolve aerosol particles more efficiently during sampling than relatively nonpolar solvents. Several formulations containing diisocyanate prepolymers have been tested with this method in the laboratory. This method is recommended for area sampling only due to possible hazards from contact with DMSO solutions containing isocyanate derivatives. The limits of detection are 0.1 µg/sample for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 0.2 µg/sample for 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 0.3 µg/sample for methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate, and 0.2 µg/sample for 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. (75083)

CIS 00-779 Compliance with OSHA's respiratory protection standard in hospitals. Krishnan U., Janicak C.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.228-234. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Data from the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspections that occurred in hospitals and resulted in violations of the respiratory protection standards were examined. From July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1995, the complaint rates for hazards in the workplace significantly increased. During 1990-1991, tuberculosis hazard complaint inspections rates were approximately 5 complaints per 1,000 complaint inspections conducted. During 1994-1995, tuberculosis hazard complaint inspections rates were approximately 76 complaints per 1,000 complaint inspections conducted, representing an increase of over 15 times. During this same period, the percentage of respiratory protection violations in relation to all violations doubled. Increased employee awareness of the hazards and current safety laws could have contributed to the increased frequency of employee complaints, leading to increases in inspections, violations and fines. Employers must adhere to the current safety and health requirements specifically as they pertain to respiratory hazards and tuberculosis. (75085)

CIS 00-780 Acute respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to vanadium-rich fuel-oil ash. Woodin M.A., Liu Y., Neuberg D., Hauser R., Smith T.J., Christiani D.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.353-363. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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To determine whether occupational exposure to fuel-oil ash may cause respiratory illness, a prospective study was undertaken on 18 boilermakers overhauling an oil-fired boiler and 11 utility worker controls. Subjects completed a respiratory symptom diary five times per day. Daily symptom severity was calculated and respiratory symptom frequency and severity was analysed. Boilermakers had more frequent and more severe upper and lower respiratory symptoms than utility workers, and this difference was greatest during interior boiler work. A statistically significant dose-response pattern for frequency and severity of both upper and lower respiratory symptoms was seen with vanadium and PM₁₀ for lower exposures. However, there was a reversal in the dose-response trend in the highest exposure quartile, reflecting a possible healthy worker effect. (74824)

CIS 00-781 Too hot to handle: An unusual exposure of HDI in specialty painters. Franklin P.J., Goldenberg W.S., Ducatman A.M., Franklin E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.431-437. 39 ref. (In English)

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Between November 1993 and May 1994, seven painters and one boilermaker who were working at three different power plants were examined following complaints of asthma, dyspnoea or rash. At their respective work sites, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was applied to the hot surfaces of boilers that were shut down but not allowed sufficient time to cool. Consequently, these workers were exposed to volatile HDI and its thermal decomposition products. All of these workers underwent a complete physical examination, spirometry and methacholine challenge testing. All 8 workers complained of dyspnoea, while 4 of the 8 also complained of rash. On examination, 3 workers were methacholine challenge positive and 2 had persistent rash. At follow-up 4 years later, 5 workers still had to use inhalation medication and one had progressive asthma and dermatitis. All 8 workers, by the time of the follow-up, had gone through economic and occupational changes. (74830)

CIS 00-782 Pulmonary dysfunction in silica-exposed workers: A relationship to radiographic signs of silicosis and emphysema. Wang X., Yano E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.299-306. 29 ref. (In English)

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To compare the contribution of silicosis and emphysema with pulmonary dysfunction, radiographic signs of silicosis and emphysema in workers at a Chinese refractory plant were analysed. Radiographic hyperinflation was detected in 9% of the workers without silicosis and in 33% of the workers with silicosis. Silicosis was significantly associated with hyperinfiation after adjusting for exposure duration, age and smoking. Respiratory symptoms were more frequent in the more severe cases of silicosis. Silicosis was significantly associated with decreases in the parameters of pulmonary function, but the significance disappeared when the hyperinflation term was added to the models. Radiographic hyperinflation was strongly associated with decreases in FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC while relevant factors were controlled. Comparison between workers with and without hyperinflation showed that the former had significantly lower pulmonary function values. Emphysema associated with silicosis is likely to be responsible for pulmonary obstruction and decreased diffusing capacity occurring in silica-exposed workers. (74938)

CIS 00-783 A study of sensitization rate to sesquiterpene lactone mix in Singapore. Tan E., Leow Y.H., Ng S.K., Goh C.L., Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1999, Vol.41, No.2, p.80-83. 13 ref. (In English)

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This is a report on a study of the sensitization rate to sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix performed at the National Skin Centre, Singapore. In a retrospective review of 1,256 patients who were patch tested to SL mix (0.1%) from January 1995 to December 1997, 18 out of 1,256 patients reacted positively to SL mix. Their ages ranged from 13 to 58 years. There was a female preponderance, with a female: male ratio of 3.5:1. The most common clinical presentations were dermatitis of the hands or face or generalized dermatitis. After extensive evaluation, only 2 patients had a positive patch test reaction that was of current clinical relevance. 13 patients had concomitant sensitization to other allergens. The three commonest concomitant allergens were nickel, balsam of Peru and fragrance mix. In the series, SL allergy was more common in females and the mean age was lower compared to the classical Compositae dermatitis. The sensitization rate was comparable to other studies, although the clinical relevance was only 11%. (74971)

CIS 00-784 Leukoderma following occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Kumar A., Freeman S., Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.94-98. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Two cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis followed by leukoderma are described. The first case was that of a 49-year-old wood machinist who developed leukoderma in areas of contact dermatitis involving his lips, neck, hands and forearms and was found to be allergic to colophony and pine sawdust on patch testing. The second case involved a 44-year-old man who worked as an epoxy applicator in a ceramics factory. He developed depigmentation in areas of contact dermatitis involving his face, hands, forearms, back, thighs and legs and was found on patch testing to be allergic to epoxy resin. The appearance of contact leukoderma may be indistinguishable from idiopathic vitiligo. However, the prognosis for repigmentation may be better in contact leukoderma than in idiopathic vitiligo. (74972)

CIS 00-785 Airborne dermatitis (Review of causing agents). (Spanish: Dermatitis aerotransportadas (revisión de agentes causantes)) Conde-Salazar L., Flis M., Guimaraens D., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.1-16. 213 ref. (In Spanish)

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Acute and chronic dermatoses of exposed parts of the body, and in particular, of the face, often pose diagnostic problems. A certain number of them are caused by substances that are first released in air and then settle on the exposed skin causing airborne contact dermatitis. These skin reactions can be classified as airborne allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic reactions, photoallergic reactions, contact urticaria and acne. The harmful agents can occur in both professional and nonprofessional contexts, the first being more frequent. The most common sites for contact dermatitis caused by an airborne agent are the parts of the body that are exposed to the air, but can also occur on those parts not exposed. Irritant airborne reactions are more common than allergic, although they are more difficult to demonstrate. In occupational dermatology the recognition of the responsible agent deserves special attention, since in most cases it allows effective preventive or protective measures. (74976)

CIS 00-786 Assessment of poisoning risk in workers exposed to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. (Spanish: Evaluación del riesgo de intoxicación en personas expuestas a plaguicidas: organofosforados y carbamatos) Morales Suárez-Varela M., Andreu Moliner E., Pérez Hernández F., Llopis González A., Sáez Arnall M.J., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1998, Vol.XLV, No.178, p.61-73. 20 ref. (In Spanish)

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The objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of workers who suffer poisoning from organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, and to provide guidance for preventive measures. 662 workers were included in the study. Levels of erythrocyte cholinesterase in blood were taken as indicators of exposure level. The profile of the workers identified to be at risk was: women, workers less than 30 years old, few years in the job, with alcoholic and/or tobacco habit. Preventive measures proposed are: promotion of information campaigns on the toxic effects of these products; establishment of an educational programme on relevant protection measures; generating awareness of the importance of periodic medical supervision in the detection of an increased risk of pesticide poisoning. (74980)

CIS 00-787 Mesothelioma: Cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures. Hillerdal G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.56, No.8, p.505-513. 142 ref. (In English)

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To estimate the role of low-level exposure to asbestos in the risk of mesothelioma, a review of the literature revealed that there is no evidence of a threshold level below which there is no risk of mesothelioma. Low-level exposure more often than not contains peak concentrations which can be very high for short periods. There might exist a background level of mesothelioma occurring in the absence of exposure to asbestos, but there is no proof of this and this "natural level" is probably much lower than the 1-2/million/year which has often been cited. (74991)

CIS 00-788 A multi-modality assessment of peripheral nerve function in organophosphate-pesticide applicators. Horowitz S.H., Stark A., Marshall E., Mauer M.P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.405-408. 21 ref. (In English)

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Health effects from chronic, low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides have not been studied extensively and are not well-established. This report follows up a study in New York State in which a cohort of 90 male pesticide applicators were found to have increased vibration sensitivity thresholds, compared with a matched sample drawn from the general population. This investigation examined the nature and extent of peripheral nerve abnormalities in a small subgroup of the original cohort. Of the nine subjects studied, four had clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathic dysfunction, and one who was normal physiologically showed electrophysiological abnormalities. The remaining four showed no clinical, electrophysiologic or quantitative signs or other abnormalities. This study adds to the growing evidence that organophosphates are toxic to the peripheral nervous system at levels of exposure that do not induce acute or subacute symptomatology. (74998)

CIS 00-789 Asbestos exposure in lung carcinoma: A necropsy-based study of 414 cases. Bianchi C., Brollo A., Ramani L., Zuch C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.360-364. 22 ref. (In English)

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Occupational history, pleural plaques and lung asbestos bodies were investigated in 414 consecutive cases of lung carcinoma examined at necropsy at the Hospital of Monfalcone, Italy. The series included 353 men and 61 women, aged 38-97 years. The male patients had worked in industry in 74% of cases (60% in shipbuilding). Men showed pleural plaques in 82% of cases. Asbestos bodies were observed in routine lung sections in 34.8%, and in 31% exceeded the value of 5,000 bodies per gramme of dried tissue. Among women the principal features were: history or domestic exposure to asbestos in 36% of the cases, prevalence of pleural plaques 34% (moderate or large plaques 15%), asbestos bodies in routine lung sections in 3.3% and there was no case with an asbestos body burden over 5,000/g. The fraction of asbestos-related carcinomas among male patients varied between 24.7 and 61%, depending on the criteria used for attribution. Different criteria indicated that about 60% of the present lung carcinomas among men as plausibly attributable to asbestos. (75012)

CIS 00-790 Paraoxonase polymorphism and its effect on male reproductive outcomes among Chinese pesticide factory workers. Padungtod C., Niu T., Wang Z., Savitz D.A., Christiani D.C., Ryan L.M., Xu X., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.379-387. 29 ref. (In English)

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The effects of the human paraoxonase gene (PON1) genotypes on male reproductive outcomes and its interaction with exposure to organophosphate pesticides were examined in 60 Chinese pesticide-factory workers and 89 textile-factory workers who were unexposed to pesticides. The respective allele frequencies of Arg₁₉₂ and Gln₁₉₂ were 0.62 and 0.38. Pesticide exposure among 36 exposed subjects and 12 unexposed subjects, regardless of gender, was assessed by personal measurement of pesticide residues over an entire 8-hr shift and measurement of urinary p-nitrophenol level over a 24-hr period. Semen and hormone data collected from male subjects were analysed. Exposed Arg₁₉₂ homo/heterozygotes had significantly lower sperm count and lower percentage of sperm with normal morphology than the reference group. Both unexposed Gln₁₉₂ homozygotes and exposed Arg₁₉₂ homo/heterozygotes showed significantly lower sperm concentrations than the reference group. In addition, exposed Arg₁₉₂ homo/heterozygotes had significantly higher serum LH levels than the reference group. (75014)

CIS 00-791 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resins used to restore window frames. Brooke R.C., Beck M.H., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1999, Vol.41, No.4, p.227-228. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: allergens; glycidyl phenyl ether; bisphenol A; 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol; case study; dermatitis; eczema; epoxy resins; repair work; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests; windows. (75017)

CIS 00-792 Acute contact dermatitis from naphthol AS. Katsarou A., Koufou V., Katsaris V., Kalogeromitros D., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1999, Vol.41, No.4, p.228-229. 8 ref. (In English)

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Topics: allergens; aromatic azo compounds; naphthol as; case study; clothing; dermatitis; dyes; eczema; gas chromatography; itch; skin allergies; skin tests; textiles; vesicular contact dermatitis. (75018)

CIS 00-793 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resins based on bisphenol F. Pontén A., Bruze M., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1999, Vol.41, No.4, p.235. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: allergens; aromatic diols; bisphenol F diglycidyl ether polymer; case study; dermatitis; diglycidyl ethers; eczema; epoxy resins; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests. (75019)

CIS 00-794 Biomicroscopic and haemorheological tissue alterations in workers exposed to chemical risks. (Italian: Prospetti applicativi delle alterazioni biomicroscopiche ed emoreologiche tissutali nei lavoratori espositi a rischio chimico) Pennarola R., Palmi S., Rossi L., Prevenzione oggi, 1999, Vol.XI, No.2, p.27-48. Illus. 21 ref. (In Italian)

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Chemical agents often lead to changes in haemorheological and microvascular elements of cutaneous and conjunctive tissues. A technique of biomicroscopic examination (video-capillaroscopy) was applied to 96 workers exposed to various chemical agents (solvents, industrial glues, pesticides, cement, detergents). The images obtained were analysed by computer. Important alterations were seen in the cutaneous tissues in contact with chemical agents, which could not have been seen using other methods. The authors underline the usefulness of this simple method for the surveillance of workers exposed to chemical agents. Summaries in French, German and Spanish. (75028)

CIS 00-795 Respiratory symptoms and bronchial responsiveness in lifeguards exposed to nitrogen trichloride in indoor swimming pools. Massin N., Bohadana A.B., Wild P., Héry M., Toamain J.P., Hubert G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.258-263. 22 ref. (In English)

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The objective of the study was to measure the levels of exposure to nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃) in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools and to examine how they relate to irritant and chronic respiratory symptoms, indices of pulmonary function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in lifeguards working in the pools. 334 lifeguards recruited from 46 public swimming pools and 17 leisure centre swimming pools were examined. Mean NCl₃ concentrations were greater in leisure than in public pools. A significant concentration-response relation was found between irritant eye, nasal and throat symptoms - but not chronic respiratory symptoms - and exposure concentrations. The data show that lifeguards exposed to NCl₃ in indoor swimming pools are at risk of developing irritant eye, nose and throat symptoms. Exposure to NCl₃ does not seem to carry the risk of developing permanent bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but this association might have been influenced by self selection. (75054)

CIS 00-796 The role of biological monitoring to [sic] pharmacokinetic modeling. Mason H., Wilson K., Droz P.O., Berode M., Jang J.Y., Sinclair G.C., Gray C.N., Sherwood R.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.237-265. Illus. 70 ref. (In English)

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Collection of four papers on the role of biological monitoring in pharmacokinetic modelling, presented at an IOHA Conference held in Crans Montana, Switzerland, 13-17 Sep. 1997. (75086)

CIS 00-797 Personal protective equipment: Which strategy? How to choose?. (French: Les équipements de protection individuelle: Quelle stratégie? Quel choix?) Kahouach L., Bouaïcha S., Sassi M., Karoiai A., Rammeh, Maâloul A., Ben Laïba M., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, July 1998, No.6, p.2-32. Illus. (In French)

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Strategies for choosing personal protective equipment in Tunisian enterprises. Topics: belts, harnesses and lifelines; evaluation of equipment; face and eye protection; foot and leg protection; hand and arm protection; head protection; hearing protection; legislation; personal protective equipment; protection criteria; protective clothing; respirators; Tunisia. (74889)

CIS 00-798 Silica, compensated silicosis, and lung cancer in Western Australian goldminers. de Klerk N.H., Musk A.W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.243-248. 27 ref. (In English)

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Silica has recently been reclassified as carcinogenic in humans based largely on the observed increase in rates of lung cancer in subjects with silicosis. This study aims to examine exposure-response relations between exposure to silica and subsequent silicosis and lung cancer in a cohort of goldminers. A total of 2,297 goldminers was examined in 1961, 1974 and 1975. Data were collected on respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and employment history. Subjects were followed up to the end of 1993. Survival analyses for lung cancer mortality and incidence of compensated silicosis were performed with age and year matched conditional logistic regression analyses. 89% of the cohort were traced to the end of 1993. 84% of the men had smoked at some time and 66% were current smokers. 1386 deaths occurred during the follow up period, 138 from lung cancer, and 631 subjects were compensated for silicosis. A strong effect of smoking on mortality from lung cancer and a smaller effect on the incidence of compensated silicosis was found. The incidence of silicosis was clearly related to exposure to silica and the onset of silicosis conferred a significant increase in risk for subsequent lung cancer, but there was no evidence that exposure to silica caused lung cancer in the absence of silicosis. (75053)

CIS 00-799 Exposure from thorium contained in thoriated tungsten welding electrodes. Jankovic J.T., Underwood W.S., Goodwin G.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.384-389. 17 ref. (In English)

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Isotopic analysis of a nominal 2% thoriated welding electrode found 0.6ppm±0.4ppm ²³⁰Th and less than 0.1ppm ²²⁸Th. Analysis of a ceriated tungsten electrode and a lanthanated tungsten electrode for ²³²Th found 124ppm and 177ppm, respectively. Electrode consumption during welding was primarily the result of tip sharpening. Less than 3% of the weight loss was attributable to the welding process. The in-mask concentration of respirable thorium particulate in the welders' breathing zone was 0.002 x 10^-12µCi²³²Th/mL. The concentration of respirable thorium particulate from electrode sharpening was 1.3 x 10^-12µCi²³²Th/mL. The measured sharpening time was 20 sec per electrode. Estimates of the activity median aerodynamic diameters for the respirable fraction of the welding and electrode sharpening aerosols were 3.5 and 5µm, respectively, when measured in the breathing zone at 0.3m (12 inches) from the point of operation. The respirable fraction of the total welding and sharpening aerosols was 45 and 60%. (75045)

CIS 00-800 Lung cancer mortality in nickel/chromium platers 1946-95. Sorahan T., Burges D.C.L., Hamilton L., Harrington J.M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1998, Vol.55, No.4, p.236-242. 18 ref. (In English)

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The mortality experience of a cohort of 1762 chrome workers (812 men, 950 women) from a large electroplating and light engineering plant was investigated for the period 1946-95. All subjects were first employed in chrome work at the plant during the period 1946-75, and had at least six months employment in jobs associated with exposure to chromic acid mist (hexavalent chromium). Based on mortalities for the general population of England and Wales, male workers with some period of chrome bath work had higher lung cancer mortalities than did other male chrome workers. Similar findings were shown for female workers. After adjusting for sex, age, calendar period, year of starting chrome work, period from first chrome work and employment status there was a significant relationship between duration of chrome bath work and risks of mortality for lung cancer. Duration of other chrome work was not a useful predictor of risks of lung cancer. Similar findings for both variables were obtained relative to risk of chrome nasal ulceration. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are potent human lung carcinogens. (75052)

CIS 00-801 Concerning the management of chemicals: The importance of managing the transport of chemicals in Tunisia. (French: A propos de la gestion des produits chimiques: importance de la gestion du transport des produits chimiques en Tunisie) Mâaloul A., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Oct. 1998, No.7, p.2-15. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: chemical products; chemical safety; dangerous substances; hazard evaluation; hydrocarbons; legislation; major hazards; petroleum products; transport of materials; Tunisia. (74886)

CIS 00-802 A further cohort study of workers employed at a factory manufacturing chemicals for the rubber industry, with special reference to the chemicals 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), aniline, phenyl-β-naphthylamine and o-toluidine. Sorahan T., Hamilton L., Jackson J.R., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.57, No.2, p.106-115. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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Mortality (1955-1996) and cancer morbidity (1971-1992) of a cohort of 2,160 male production workers from a chemical factory in north Wales were investigated. All subjects had at least 6 months employment at the factory and some employment in the period 1955-84. Detailed job histories were abstracted from company computerized records and estimates of individual cumulative exposure to 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and its derivatives were obtained, with a job exposure matrix derived by a former factory hygienist. Durations of employment in the aniline, phenyl-β-naphthylamine (PBN) and o-toluidine departments were also calculated. Findings suggest that some members of this cohort have had occupational bladder cancer. The simplest interpretation of the findings about bladder cancer may be that PBN (or a chemical reagent or chemical intermediate associated with its production at this factory in the 1930s and 1940s) is a bladder carcinogen. (74903)

CIS 00-803 Risk of enzyme allergy in the detergent industry. Vanhanen M., Tuomi T., Tiikkainen U., Tupasela O., Voutilainen R., Nordman H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.57, No.2, p.121-125. 24 ref. (In English)

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To assess the prevalence of enzyme sensitization in a detergent factory, 40 workers in manufacturing, packing and maintenance, and 36 non-exposed persons in the management and sales departments were subjected to skin prick and radioallergosorbent tests. Nine workers were sensitized to enzymes in the exposed group of 40, whereas none were sensitised in the non-exposed group. All the sensitized workers had symptoms at work; all had rhinitis and one had asthma. Airborne protease concentrations were generally <20ng/m³, but occasional peak values up to 80ng/m³ were detected in the packing and maintenance tasks, and high values of >1µg/m³ in the mixing area. Despite the use of encapsulated enzyme preparations, high enzyme concentrations in workplace air are possible, resulting in a higher risk of sensitization than expected. (74904)

CIS 00-804 Airborne occupational hypersensitivity to isothiazolinones in a papermaking technician. Majamaa H., Roto P., Vaalasti A., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1999, Vol.41, No.4, p.220. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Topics: allergens; biocides; case study; dermatitis; eczema; eyes; hypersensitivity; isothiazolinones; pulp and paper industry; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests. (75016)

CIS 00-805 Lung function, biological monitoring, and biological effect monitoring of gemstone cutters exposed to beryls. Wegner R., Heinrich-Ramm R., Nowak D., Olma K., Poschadel B., Szadkowski D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2000, Vol.57, No.2, p.133-139. 42 ref. (In English)

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In a cross-sectional investigation, 57 gemstone cutters working in 12 factories in Idar-Oberstein, Germany, with occupational exposure to beryls underwent medical examinations including a chest radiograph, lung function testing (spirometry, airway resistance) and biological monitoring, including measurements of aluminium, chromium and nickel in urine as well as lead in blood. Beryllium in urine was measured by direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. Also, cytogenetic tests and a beryllium lymphocyte transformation test were performed. Airborne concentrations of beryllium were measured in three factories. Clinical, radiological or spirometric abnormalities indicating pneumoconiosis were detected in none of the gemstone cutters. No adverse clinical health effects were found. However, an improvement in workplace hygiene is recommended, accompanied by biological monitoring of beryllium in urine. (74905)

CIS 00-806 A guide to the Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 as amended. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1999. iv, 22p. 8 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-2435-8 (In English)

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This guide is a revision of the 1991 edition of booklet HS(R)19 (see CIS 92-585). It contains annotations and comments on the Regulations concerning work with asbestos in the United Kingdom (see CIS 83-1850). Appendices provide copies of the licence application form and the asbestos licence form. (74891)

CIS 00-807 Exposure to dust and microorganisms in bottle sorting plants. (Danish: Eksponering for støv og mikroorganismer på flaskesorteringsanlæg) Würtz H., Breum N.O., Ebbehøj, Midtgård, Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1998. 61p. 22 ref., ISBN 87-7904-015-2 (In Danish)

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This study was conducted in six plants sorting recyclable bottles. On the whole, dust and microorganism counts were all well below occupational exposure limits for total dust, organic dust and endotoxins. Concentrations of fungi, on the other hand, often exceeded considerably the accepted value of 10,000 spores/m³. (75089)

CIS 00-808 Carcinogens in the working environment - The implementation of Directive 90/394/EEC in Germany. Westphal U., European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 155 Bd Emile Jacqmain, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 71p. Illus. 52 ref., ISBN 2-930003-27-8 (In English)

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Detailed comments on the implementation in Germany of the European directive on carcinogens at work (see CIS 90-1758). Topics: carcinogens; comment on directive; dangerous substances; directive; European Communities; exposure evaluation; Germany; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; legislation; medical supervision; responsibilities of employers; statistics; substitution; threshold limit values; workmen's compensation. (74897)

CIS 00-809 Monitoring ambient air quality for health impact assessment. World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service,1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xvii, 196p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 62.00., ISBN 92-890-1351-6 (In English)

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This report of a working group discusses the overall requirements for designing and operating networks for monitoring ambient air and a range of quality models used in comprehensive programmes for air quality assessment and management. It consists of four main parts: relationship between air pollution and health effects; design, operation, quality assurance and control of a monitoring system; monitoring of selected pollutants (carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene, PAH, lead, cadmium); examples for the presentation of collected air quality data. The conclusions and recommendations emerging from the working group discussion are also presented. (74909)

CIS 00-810 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Volume 71: Re-evaluation of some organic chemical, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide (three parts). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. vi, 1,586p. (3 vols.). Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 92-832-1271-1 (In English)

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Topics: animal experiments; biological hazards; carcinogenic effects; carcinogens; hydrazine; hydrogen peroxide; criteria document; epidemiologic study; exposure evaluation; hazard evaluation; IARC; literature survey; mutagenic effects; organic compounds; toxic effects; WHO. (74955)

CIS 00-811 Code of practice for safety in welding and cutting (and other operations involving the use of heat). Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1st rev., 1997. 62p. Illus., ISBN 9971-67-607-9 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 94-1697. Topics: arc welding and cutting; directive; electrical safety; electron beam welding; exhaust ventilation; face and eye protection; fire protection; gas welding and cutting; laser beam welding and cutting; local exhaust; plasma arc welding and cutting; protective clothing; resistance welding; safe working methods; Singapore; soldering and brazing; standard; thermit welding; toxic substances; ventilation; welding and cutting; work in confined spaces. (74880)

CIS 00-812 Storage and handling of chemicals. (Spanish: Almacenamiento y manipulación de productos químicos) Cejalvo Lapeña A., Piqué Ardanuy T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 14p. 17 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: ethylene oxide; ammonia; chlorine; chemical products; classification; comment on directive; compressed gases; corrosive substances; data sheet; flammable liquids; fuels; handling and storage; legislation; liquefied gases; Spain. (74988)

CIS 00-813 List of threshold limit values in air for substances with carcinogenic or mutagenic effects or toxicity to reproduction. (German: Verzeichnis von Luftgrenzwerten und krebserzeugenden, erbgutverändernden oder fortpflanzungsgefährdenden Stoffen) Henn M., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-76, Postfach 10 11 10, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 149p. 20 ref., ISBN 3-89701-358-4 (In German)

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This monograph provides a listing of harmful substances, their threshold limit values in air, and their classification with respect to carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and toxicity for reproduction. CAS, European EINECS and ELINCS registry numbers are also provided. This list contains all the substances of Appendix VI No.4 of the Council Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 87-1162). (74810)

CIS 00-814 General COSHH ACOP (Control of substances hazardous to health) and Carcinogens ACOP (Control of carcinogenic substances) and Biological agents ACOP (Control of biological agents). Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 - Approved Codes of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 1999. viii, 76p. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1670-3 (In English)

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This revised guidance incorporates three Approved Codes of Practice (ACOPs) relating to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (COSHH), which updates the provisions of the COSHH of 1988 (CIS 89-1092) and 1994 (CIS 95-19), both now revoked. Changes include amended definitions, the removal from the schedules of the list of substances for which a maximum exposure limit has been approved, and some other minor changes. The ACOPs replace those of 1997 (see CIS 97-950). (74892)

CIS 00-815 Sale of dangerous chemicals: General measures. (Spanish: Comercialización de productos químicos peligrosos: Disposiciones generales) Berenguer Subils M.J., Gadea Carrera E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 12p. Illus. 10 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical products; classification; comment on directive; dangerous substances; data sheet; hazard identification; labelling; legislation; Spain; warning notices. (74985)

CIS 00-816 Sale of dangerous chemicals: Specific measures for pesticides. (Spanish: Comercialización de productos químicos peligrosos: Disposiciones específicas para plaguicidas) Berenguer Subils J., Gadea Carrera E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 10p. 21 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: classification; comment on directive; dangerous substances; data sheet; labelling; legislation; pesticides; Spain; warning notices. (74986)

CIS 00-817 Chemical agents: Measurement and analysis. (Spanish: Agentes químicos: medición y análisis) Bustinza Mantrana J.L., Quintana San José M.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 12p. Illus. 50 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: asbestos; benzene; lead; vinyl chloride; chemical products; comment on directive; data sheet; determination in air; lead and compounds; legislation; sampling and analysis; Spain. (74990)

CIS 00-818 Specification for industrial safety gloves and mittens. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1997. 46p. Illus., ISBN 9971-67-584-6 (In English)

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Topics: polyvinyl chloride; cotton; description of equipment; directive; equipment testing; industries; labelling; leather; protection criteria; protective gloves; Singapore; standard; synthetic rubber. (74879)

CIS 00-819 Selection of respiratory protective equipment suitable for use with wood dust. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Oct. 1998. 4p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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Topics: data sheet; dust helmets; face shields; information of personnel; legal aspects; maintenance; marking; particulate removing respirators; standard; United Kingdom; ventilation; wood dust; woodworking industry. (74922)

CIS 00-820 Sale of personal protective equipment. (Spanish: Comercialización de los equipos de protección individual) García-Pintos J.P., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 8p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on directive; data sheet; legislation; marking; personal protective equipment; quality control; Spain. (74984)

CIS 00-821 Selection and use of personal protective equipment. (Spanish: Selección y uso de los equipos de protección individual) García-Pintos J.P., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 8p. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on directive; data sheet; information of personnel; legislation; personal protective equipment; responsibilities; Spain. (74987)

CIS 00-822 NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards and other databases. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Apr. 1999. Includes Windows and Macintosh versions of Netscape Communicator and Adobe Acrobat Reader. (In English)

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This CD-ROM includes 9 databases with information on chemical hazards in the workplace and how to control them. The databases are: Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations; International Chemical Safety Cards; NIOSH Certified Equipment List; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods; NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards; Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing; Special Medical Tests Published for OSHA Regulated Substances; Toxicologic Review of Selected Chemicals; 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. The files are in HTML or PDF format, except for the NIOSH Certified Equipment List which is a Microsoft Access database. (74951)

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CIS 00-823 Impact of a modern firefighting protective uniform on the incidence and severity of burn injuries in New York City firefighters. Prezant D.J., Kelly K.J., Malley K.S., Karwa M.J., McLaughlin M.T., Hirschorn R., Brown A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.41, No.6, p.469-479. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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In 1994, The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) changed to modern firefighting protective uniforms, including both protective over-coats and over-pants, whereas traditional uniforms include only the over-coat. Modern uniforms are manufactured using improved thermal protective textiles that meet or exceed current National Fire Protection Association standards for structural firefighting. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the modern uniform on the incidence and severity of FDNY burn injuries and the incidence and severity of other non-burn injuries. The number of lower-extremity burns decreased by 85% when 2 years' experience while wearing the modern uniform was compared with 2 years while wearing the traditional uniforms. Upper-extremity burns and head burns decreased by 65% and 40%, respectively. Severity indicators (days lost to medical leave, hospital admissions and skin grafts) for lower- and upper-extremity burn injuries were all substantially reduced. This occurred without significant change in the incidence or severity of trunk burns, heat exhaustion, inhalation injuries or cardiac events. (74999)

CIS 00-824 An approach to the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion. (Spanish: Aproximación al fenómeno de las combustiones espontáneas) Lacosta Berna J.M., Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.76, p.37-47. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish)

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Spontaneous combustion mechanisms and other mechanisms of internal warming that produce similar effects as biological warming and exothermal chemical decomposition are described, and some examples are given (grain silos, ignition of hot processed materials, reactivity on contact with oxygen for varnishes, animal fats or plant oils). In addition, guidance is given to persons who are confronted with this type of phenomenon during their work or their research activities. (75023)

CIS 00-825 Feature: Emergency planning. Hallet F., Richings L., Willis M., Edmond R., Balian J., Safety and Health Practitioner, Sep. 1999, Vol.17, No.9, p.51-72. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Collection of short articles on different aspects of emergency planning in the United Kingdom. Topics: dangerous substances; drivers; emergency organization; legal aspects; major hazards; personal protective equipment; responsibilities of employers; safety consciousness; social aspects; supply of information; tank trucks; toxic substances; United Kingdom. (74855)

CIS 00-826 Fire protection: Fire extinguish media - Powder. NORDTEST, P.O. Box 116, 02151, Espoo, Finlande, 2nd ed., 1999. 10p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This Nordtest method describes test procedures for evaluating the extinguishing efficiency of fire extinguishing powders and the discharge characteristics in portable fire extinguishers. It is suitable for class A, B and C fires. (74910)

CIS 00-827 The carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 4 - Guidance for operators, drivers and other involved in the carriage of explosives by road. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., May 1999. x, 78p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: GBP 10.95., ISBN 0-7176-1675-4 (In English)

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This document provides guidance on compliance with the Carriage of Explosives by Road Regulations 1996 (see CIS 97-375). Contents: application of the Regulations; explosives which may or may not be carried; limits on quantities and types of load; construction of vehicles and containers; requirements for the training of drivers and attendants; loading and unloading of vehicles and containers; planning journeys; provision of information, vehicle marking and documentation; responsibilities of operators, drivers and attendants during transport; ensuring safe and secure carriage; emergency organization. Requirements for the packaging and labelling of explosives are briefly outlined. Replaces CIS 97-971. (74953)

CIS 00-828 Controlling the risk of catastrophic accidents. (Spanish: Control del riesgo de accidentes catastróficos) Cejalvo Lapeña A., Piqué Ardanuy T., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 12p. Illus. 13 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical industry; comment on directive; data sheet; disasters; emergency organization; legislation; major hazards; Spain; total loss control. (74983)

CIS 00-829 Contingency planning for a safe year 2000. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1998. 16p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Guidance to the prevention of safety problems tied to the Y2K bug. Topics: check lists; computer-assisted control; data sheet; electronic controls; plant safety organization; responsibilities of employers; safety and health training; safety engineering; shutdown procedure; United Kingdom. (74950)

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CIS 00-830 Hearing threshold shifts associated with impulse noise - Influence of the number and duration of pulses. (German: Hörschwellenverschiebungen nach Impulsschall - Einfluß der Impulsanzahl und Impulsdauer) Irle H., Hinzmann G., Strasser H., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Aug. 1999, Vol.53, No.2, p.83-94. Illus. 32 ref. (In German)

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Acoustic pulses such as those experienced in weapon firing, pyrotechnics, ramming and riveting have a deafening effect measured in terms of the temporary threshold shift (TTS, in dB), the TTS decay time (in min) and the integrated restitution (IR) of TTS. At equivalent acoustic load levels, it was found by measuring all three parameters in test subjects that shorter (and more frequent) pulses cause significantly more deafening. After 5ms pulses, the decay time was as long as 10h. A doubling of pulse frequency causes far more deafening than a doubling of pulse duration. Thus, acoustic loads cannot reliably be expressed as a noise dose (dB) or recalculated by using equivalent energies, and the noise exposure guidelines should be revised accordingly. (74805)

CIS 00-831 Radiation protection in the workplace. Powel T., Safety and Health Practitioner, Sep. 1999, Vol.17, No.9, p.30-33. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This article explains the requirements of the Ionising Radiation Regulations in Great Britain and the need to appoint Radiation Protection Advisers and Supervisors to protect workers and the general public. (74853)

CIS 00-832 Guidelines on UV radiation exposure limits: ICNIRP Statement. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, 1996, Vol.71, No.6, p.978. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: DNA; eye injuries; health hazards; IRPA; limitation of exposure; melanoma; permissible levels; skin cancer; ultraviolet radiation. (74970)

CIS 00-833 Comparative analyses of the studies of magnetic fields and cancer in electric utility workers: Studies from France, Canada and the United States. Kheifets L.I., Gilbert E.S., Sussman S.S., Guénel P., Sahl J.D., Savitz D.A., Thériault G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.56, No.8, p.567-574. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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To summarize and facilitate comparison of three major studies of electric utility workers that examined the relation between exposure to magnetic fields and risk of brain cancer and leukaemia, a common analytical approach was applied to the data of the three studies. A nested case-control design with conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk/10 microtesla-years (µT-years) for each of the contributing cohorts and for the combined data. Apparent inconsistencies in the findings of these studies can be explained by statistical variation. Overall, the studies suggest a small increase in risk of both brain cancer and leukaemia. Different methodological choices had little impact on the results. Based on a combined analysis of data from ail five studies, the relative risk/10 µT-years was 1.12 for brain cancer, and 1.09 for leukaemia, neither of which was significant at the 95% confidence interval (CI) level. The combined estimates seem to provide the best summary measures of the data from all studies. However, fluctuations in risks among studies may reflect real differences, and the exposure measurements in different studies may not be entirely comparable. (74994)

CIS 00-834 Estimating occupational radiation doses when individual dosimetry information is not available: A job exposure matrix. Eheman C.R., Tolbert P.E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.348-359. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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A job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed for a population-based case control study to assess the possible association between occupational radiation and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Using published radiation monitoring data, a radiation JEM was developed composed of estimated annual dose distributions, categorized by time period, for a broad range of occupational and industrial groups. When information is available to correctly assess an individual's exposure status, the annual dose distributions in the JEM can be used in conjunction with job histories to estimate the distribution of possible cumulative doses for individuals. The median of the cumulative dose distribution can then be used in standard epidemiologic analysis. In addition, methods can be applied that incorporate the uncertainty about each individual's true dose into risk estimates and associated confidence intervals. In conclusion, the JEM can be useful in estimating occupational radiation exposures in other studies, particularly population-based case control studies which include detailed occupational histories. (75011)

CIS 00-835 Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180nm and 400nm (incoherent optical radiation). International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), Health Physics, Aug. 1985, Vol.49, No.2, p.331-340. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

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Topics: biological effects; cataract; directive; erythema; IRPA; keratitis; length of exposure; limitation of exposure; non-ionizing radiation; retinal damage; skin cancer; ultraviolet radiation. (75047)

CIS 00-836 Fluorescent lighting and malignant melanoma. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), Health Physics, Jan. 1990, Vol.58, No.1, p.111-112. 30 ref. (In English)

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Topics: artificial lighting; directive; fluorescent tubes; IRPA; melanoma; skin cancer; ultraviolet radiation. (75048)

CIS 00-837 Proposed change to the IRPA 1985 guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee, International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), Health Physics, June 1989, Vol.56, No.6, p.971-972. 4 ref. (In English)

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Topics: directive; IRPA; limitation of exposure; non-ionizing radiation; threshold limit values; ultraviolet radiation. (75049)

CIS 00-838 Radiation exposure and cancer mortality in uranium processing workers. Ritz B., Epidemiology, Sep. 1999, Vol.10, No.5, p.531-538. 30 ref. (In English)

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Data from the Comprehensive Epidemiology Data Resource allowed the study of patterns of cancer mortality in a cohort of 4,014 uranium-processing workers in a plant in the State of Ohio (USA). Employing risk-set analysis for cohort data, the effects of external (gamma) and internal (alpha) radiation on cancer mortality were determined. Results indicate that plant workers exposed to ionizing radiation experienced an increase in mortality from total cancer (per 100mSv external dose rate ratio (RR) = 1.92), radiosensitive solid cancer (RR = 2.00) and lung cancer (RR = 2.77). Effects were strongest when exposure had occurred among older workers (>40 years). In addition, an increase in lung cancer mortality for workers exposed to ≥200mSv of internal (alpha) radiation (RR = 1.92) was observed. Furthermore, results demonstrate the importance of a long follow-up time when studying solid cancers, the potential for bias due to worker selection associated with concomitant chemical exposures, problems of exposure measurement, confounding and effect modification due to age at exposure. (75031)

CIS 00-839 Nuclear hazards and the construction industry. (French: Le risque nucléaire et le BTP) Abecassis J.C., Revue de médecine du travail, Sep.-Oct. 1998, Vol.XXV, No.4, p.229-239. 3 ref. (In French)

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Topics: construction industry; France; ionizing radiation; legislation; medical supervision; non-permanent workers; particulate radiation; personnel monitoring; radiation equipment and processes; radiation protection; subcontractors. (74885)

CIS 00-840 Pressure effects in railway tunnels. Gawthorpe R., Rail International, Apr. 2000, Vol.31, No.4, p.10-17. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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The severe pressure waves generated by high-speed trains travelling through tunnels may create severe discomfort, and - in extreme cases - ear damage in crew and passengers on trains travelling through these tunnels. Should there be a case of rapid decompression (e.g. if a window broke while the train passed through the tunnel), the health consequences may be even more serious. There do exist solutions, all of which costing money. Expensive solutions include changing tunnel configurations (larger tunnel cross-sections, installation of air shafts) or the trains themselves (complete pressure sealing of train compartments). Less expensive solutions involve the prevention of two trains passing each other in the tunnel and a general reduction in train speeds while in the tunnel. (75090)

CIS 00-841 Study of the daily level of exposure of workers to noise in four occupations. (French: Etude du niveau d'exposition sonore quotidienne des salariés dans quatre activités) Blondet M., Boitel L., Dupéry M., Durand C., Pommier J.L., Rat de Coquard M., Raymond F., Taupin J.P., Centre Interservices de Santé et de Médecine du travail en Entreprise, 10 rue de la Rosière, 75015 Paris, France, 1999. 143p. Illus. 21 ref., ISBN 2-85525-346-2 (In French)

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The objective of the study was to measure daily sound exposure levels and peak sound pressures over randomly selected days during a full year in four different occupational environments, and to compare the results. Measurements were made with class II sound dosimeters having a level of precision of ±1dB. Two groups of six workplaces in each occupation were measured over a full working day. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. The occupations included two that are subject to the requirements of Form No. 42 of occupational diseases in France (plastics processing, woodworking) and two that are not (sales of hi-fi and video equipment, municipal waste collection). Findings show that workers in plastics processing and woodworking are often exposed to sound levels higher than those of the auditory damage threshold. The exposure of waste collectors is close to dangerous levels, while in the case of hi-fi and video equipment salespersons, the results are mixed and will require further investigation. (74919)

CIS 00-842 Use of the ICNIRP EMF guidelines. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, 1999. 5p. 4 ref. (In English)

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http://www.icnirp.de/use.htm

Topics: biological effects; comment on directive; directive; electric stimulation of tissues; electromagnetic fields; electromagnetic radiation; functional heart disorders; IEC; ILO; ISO; limitation of exposure; threshold limit values; WHO. (74859)

CIS 00-843 Fundamental quantities and units for ionizing radiation. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Dec. 1998. v, 24p. 14 ref. (In English)

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Topics: dosimetry; ICRU; ionizing radiation; mathematical analysis; particulate radiation; radiation energy; radiation monitoring; standards institutions; units of measurement. (74959)

CIS 00-844 Noise. (Spanish: Ruido) Álvarez Brime C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 12p. Illus. 24 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: audiometric tests; comment on directive; data sheet; exposure evaluation; hearing protection; legislation; noise level measurement; noise; sound attenuation; Spain. (74982)

CIS 00-845 Noise emitted by machines. (Spanish: Ruido emitido por las máquinas) Arnaiz Alvarez M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 12p. Illus. 12 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on directive; data sheet; design of equipment; legislation; machinery; noise control; noise dosimetry; noise level measurement; sound propagation; Spain. (74989)

CIS 00-846 Requirements for the approval of dosimetry services under the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 - Part 1: External radiations. Part 2: Internal radiations. Part 3: Co-ordination and record keeping. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. 45p.; 41p.; 71p. Illus. 14; 11; 7 ref. (In English)

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Dosimetry services undertaking assessment and record-keeping of radiation received by classified persons must be approved for these purposes by the HSE or an authorized body (Approval Body). The requirements which must be satisfied to obtain approval are specified in these three volumes. Part 1 sets out the procedures and criteria that will be used by the Approval Body for the assessment of dosimetry services seeking approval for the measurement and assessment of doses arising from external radiations, including exposures resulting from accidents. Part 2 deals with approval of dosimetry services for internal radiations, including radon decay products. Part 3 deals with coordination of dose assessments and record keeping of reported doses. Replaces CIS 97-1329. (74907)

CIS 00-847 Assessment of occupational exposure due to intakes of radionuclides: Safety guide. (Arabic: Taqwīm al-ta2(hrid al-mihnī al-nājim @(han indikālāt al-nawaidāt almuši@(ha; French: Evaluation de l'exposition professionnelle due à l'incorporation de radionucléides: guide de sécurité; Spanish: Evaluación de la exposición ocupacional debida a incorporaciones de radionucleidos: Guía de seguridad) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 1999. 85p. Illus. 55 ref., ISBN 92-0-101999-8 (In Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish)

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http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1077a_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/P077_scr.pdf

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1077s_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1077f_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1077r_web.pdf

This safety guide prepared jointly by the IAEA and the ILO gives general advice on the assessment of occupational exposure due to intakes of radionuclides. Topics covered: dosimetric quantities; monitoring programme (design, methods of measurement, frequency of monitoring, follow-up and sampling after accidents); direct methods; indirect methods; biokinetic models for internal dosimetry; interpretation of measurements; dose record keeping and reporting of incidents; quality assurance. In appendix: suggested criteria for individual monitoring; detection limits for measurement methods. (74908)

CIS 00-848 Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, Jan. 1994, Vol.66, No.1, p.100-106. 43 ref. (In English)

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Topics: directive; IRPA; limitation of exposure; magnetic fields; magnetic resonance imaging; permissible levels; power generation and distribution; threshold limit values. (74969)

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CIS 00-849 Review of entrapments in bulk agricultural materials at commercial grain facilities. Freeman S.A., Kelley K.W., Maier D.E., Field W.E., Journal of Safety Research, Summer 1998, Vol.29, No.2, p.123-134. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Seventy-one cases of entrapment in various bulk agricultural materials at commercial grain facilities were identified during the period from 1969 through 1995. The present annual rate of five fatal entrapments in the commercial grain industry is estimated to be 4.3 per 10,000 facilities. While fatal entrapments appear to be relatively rare events compared to other work-related fatalities associated with the grain-handling industry, the morbidity of entrapment victims is extremely high. In fact, 92% of the complete entrapments identified resulted in a fatality. The data gathered in this study also suggest that employees become entrapped when they are circumventing safe work practices and that an employee working alone is unlikely to survive the entrapment. It is also clear that current injury surveillance mechanisms do not provide adequate information to develop comprehensive prevention and first response strategies for the commercial grain industry. (74974)

CIS 00-850 Making work on railway tracks safe - Acoustic warning systems. (German: Sicherung von Gleisbauarbeiten - Akustische Warnsysteme) Parthey W., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-76, Postfach 10 11 10, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 106p. Illus. 26 ref., ISBN 3-89701-344-4 (In German)

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Proceedings of a workshop on acoustic warning systems held on 21st October 1997 in Dortmund, Germany, describing the current state and trends in safety with respect to railway track work on the German Federal Railways network. Topics covered: accidents and their causes; organization and guidelines for safe working; automatic warning systems and devices; recognition of acoustic warnings during line construction work; the interference of noise from track laying equipment; application of quality management systems for improved line work safety. (74808)

CIS 00-851 LOLER: How the regulations apply to forestry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 4p. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: comment on law; data sheet; falling objects; handling by crane; information of personnel; legislation; lifting of loads; logging and forestry operations; logging equipment; mechanical hazards; protection against overturning; round timber handling; safe working methods; safety and health training; safety devices; tree felling; tree lopping; United Kingdom. (74944)

CIS 00-852 LOLER: How the regulations apply to arboriculture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 4p. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: aerial baskets; comment on law; data sheet; falling objects; forestry; information of personnel; legislation; lifting of loads; mechanical hazards; protection against overturning; safe working methods; safety and health training; safety devices; tree felling; tree lopping; trees; United Kingdom. (74945)

CIS 00-853 Hiring and leasing out of plant: Application of PUWER 98, regulations 26 and 27. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 2p. 5 ref. (In English)

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Topics: agricultural equipment; comment on law; construction equipment; data sheet; drivers of mobile equipment; dumpers; earthmoving equipment; equipment, workplaces and operations; fork-lift trucks; harnesses; industrial trucks; legislation; loading and unloading equipment; machinery guarding regulations; machinery; mechanical hazards; protection against overturning; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; safety devices; safety frames and cabs; telescopic jib cranes; tractors; United Kingdom. (74948)

CIS 00-854 Selecting and using equipment for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1998. 2p. 3 ref. (In English)

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Replaces CIS 94-2102. Topics: agricultural equipment; data sheet; head protection; information of personnel; safe working methods; safety by design; selection of equipment; stability; trailers; United Kingdom. (74923)

CIS 00-855 Safety in the use of hand- and foot-operated presses. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1999. 4p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Topics: blanking presses; data sheet; enclosed dies; fixed guards; injuries to upper extremities; legal aspects; metalworking industry; presses, hand or foot operated; safe working methods; safety devices; sweep guards; United Kingdom. (74925)

CIS 00-856 LOLER: How the regulations apply to agriculture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: agriculture; comment on law; data sheet; falling objects; fork-lift trucks; information of personnel; legislation; lifting of loads; loaders; mechanical hazards; protection against overturning; safe working methods; safety and health training; safety devices; telescopic jib cranes; truck-mounted cranes; United Kingdom. (74946)

CIS 00-857 PUWER 98: How the regulations apply to agriculture and forestry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: agriculture and forestry; chain saws; comment on law; data sheet; drivers of mobile equipment; equipment, workplaces and operations; information of personnel; legislation; machinery; mechanical hazards; protection against overturning; safe working methods; safety and health training; safety devices; United Kingdom. (74947)

CIS 00-858 Specification for industrial safety belts and harnesses - Part 1: General requirements. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1997. 21p. Illus. 7 ref., ISBN 9971-67-585-4 (In English)

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Topics: belts, harnesses and lifelines; description of equipment; directive; equipment testing; fall arresters; harnesses; labelling; safety belts; Singapore; snaps; standard. (74875)

CIS 00-859 Specification for industrial safety belts and harnesses - Part 2: Permanent anchors. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1997. 23p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 9971-67-586-2 (In English)

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Topics: anchoring devices; belts, harnesses and lifelines; description of equipment; directive; equipment testing; labelling; screw anchors; Singapore; snaps; standard. (74876)

CIS 00-860 Specification for industrial safety helmets. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1997. 26p. Illus., ISBN 9971-67-583-8 (In English)

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Topics: description of equipment; directive; equipment testing; labelling; maintenance; protection criteria; safety helmets; shock absorption; Singapore; standard. (74877)

CIS 00-861 Specification for safety footwear. Singapore Productivity and Standards Board, 1 Science Park Drive, Singapore 118221, Republic of Singapore, 1997. 71p. Illus. 18 ref., ISBN 9971-67-578-1 (In English)

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Topics: antistatic footwear; compressive strength; description of equipment; directive; equipment testing; labelling; protection criteria; safety footwear; Singapore; standard; thermal insulation; toe caps. (74878)

CIS 00-862 Safe use of all-terrain vehicles (AVTs) in agriculture and forestry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 4p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: agriculture and forestry; crop protection; data sheet; drivers; head protection; information of personnel; legal aspects; protective clothing; safe working methods; safety by design; safety frames and cabs; stability; straddle trucks; tractors and trailer trucks; tractors; United Kingdom. (74924)

CIS 00-863 Cast iron columns in buildings: The dangers of collapse from powered vehicle collision. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1999. 2p. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Topics: collapse; data sheet; fork-lift trucks; in-plant transport; industrial buildings; information of personnel; legal aspects; optical signalling; safe layout; storage; structural steel work; United Kingdom; walkways. (74921)

CIS 00-864 Workplace transport safety in food and drink premises. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 4p. 17 ref. (In English)

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Topics: beverage industry; bulk solids storage; check lists; data sheet; elevating platform trucks; fatalities; food industry; fork-lift trucks; in-plant transport; injuries; legal aspects; noise; occupational safety; overturning; reversing; surface properties; United Kingdom; walkways. (74929)

CIS 00-865 Preventing slips in food and drink industries - Technical update on floor specifications. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 3p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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Replaces CIS 97-655. Topics: antislip floors; beverage industry; data sheet; falls on the level; flooring; food industry; friction; occupational safety; slippery floors; spills; surface properties; United Kingdom. (74930)

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CIS 00-866 Variabilities in aerosolizing activities and airborne fungal concentrations in a bakery. Levy J.I., Nishioka Y., Gilbert K., Cheng C.H., Burge H.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June 1999, Vol.60, No.3, p.317-325. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Concentrations of airborne culturable fungi were measured in the kitchen of a bakery to evaluate variabilities associated with common worker activities, outdoor aerosol distributions and season. Activities were categorized as early morning preparation, cornmeal sifting and tossing, flour dumping and mixing, sweeping and low activity. Sets of measurements were taken over 1 day in spring and 1 day in summer. Fungal concentrations were measured using a one-stage culture plate impactor, and bulk samples were taken from suspected fungal reservoirs within the bakery and subsequently cultured. Compared with the low activity category, elevated levels of total culturable fungi were found during all other activities, with the amount of increase closely related to individual worker activity as well as outdoor concentrations and initial bakery conditions. In the spring, Penicillium was the dominant genus showing activity-related elevations in concentrations, while Cladosporium was the dominant genus during the summer. (75042)

CIS 00-867 24th National Congress of Occupational Medicine - Biological agents. (French: Journées nationales de Médecine du Travail - Les agents biologiques) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, July 1997, Vol.58, No.4, p.309-416. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French)

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Topics: autoimmunization; biological hazards; compensation of occupational diseases; conference; hazard evaluation; health care personnel; infectious diseases; infectious hepatitis; medical prevention; occupational medicine; parasitic diseases; pathogenic bacteria; risk awareness; rubella; Staphylococcus; vaccination; viruses; warts; waste disposal; water treatment; zoonoses. (74881)

CIS 00-868 Sero-epidemiologic study of hepatitis B among refuse collection workers of a Tunisian municipality. (French: Etude séro-épidémiologique de l'hépatite virale B chez les agents de la propreté d'une municipalité tunisienne) Miled S., Tigui M., Ammar H., Nouaigui H., Ben Laïba M., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Oct. 1998, No.7, p.28-32. Illus. 16 ref. (In French)

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Topics: antigens; biological hazards; cross-sectional study; immunity; infection control; infectious hepatitis; needle-stick injuries; questionnaire survey; refuse collection; risk awareness; serological reactions; Tunisia; vaccination. (74888)

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CIS 00-869 Whole-shift field studies of the load on the lumbar spine during occupational manual materials handling. (German: Ganzschichtige Feldstudien zur Belastung der Lendenwirbelsäule bei berufsbedingten Lastenhandhabungen) Jäger M., Luttmann A., Jordan C., Laurig W., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Aug. 1999, Vol.53, No.2, p.68-79. Illus. 32 ref. (In German)

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Full-shift studies of the body postures of eight workers in bricklaying, drop forging, industrial meat processing and garbage collection were performed by video recording, and evaluated for the manual forces and spinal loads involved. Lumbar-load indicators were developed and used for biomechanical model calculations. Recommended limits of lumbar load (disc compression) were found frequently to be exceeded. The highest disc compression values were estimated for bricklaying and meat processing. High peak values of disc compression also occur in garbage collection. The lumbar load values were considerably higher than those recommended by NIOSH. (74804)

CIS 00-870 Manual materials handling and related occupational hazards: A national survey in France. Heran-Le Roy O., Niedhammer I., Sandret N., Leclerc A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.365-377. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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A large cross-sectional survey in France was conducted to describe occupational hazards at the workplace, including absence or presence of manual materials handling (MMH) with the number of hours per week and several psychosocial and physical hazards including various risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. The frequency of MMH across economic activities was described for the 48,190 workers in the survey. The highest occurrences of intensive MMH were observed in the manufacture of wood, paper, wood and paper products, retail trade and repair, manufacture of food products, manufacture of mineral products, wholesale trade, transport and construction. High occurrences were not limited to blue collar workers, but extended to shop and store employees, hotel and restaurant workers, and care workers. The study of associations between MMH and other occupational hazards emphasized situations with simultaneous exposure to MMH and other risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. (75073)

CIS 00-871 Cross-sectional study of the relationship between repetitive work and the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Latko W.A., Armstrong T.J., Franzblau A., Ulin S.S., Werner R.A., Albers J.W., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1999, Vol.36, No.2, p.248-259. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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This study examined the relationship of repetitive work and other physical stressors to prevalence of upper limb discomfort, tendinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. Job exposure levels for repetition and other physical stressors were quantified using an observational rating technique. Job selection was based on repetition (three categories: high, medium, and low) to ensure a wide range of exposures. Physical evaluations on all participating workers were performed by medical professionals and included a self-administered questionnaire, physical exam and limited electrodiagnostic testing. Repetitiveness of work was found to be significantly associated with prevalence of reported discomfort in the wrist, hand, or fingers, tendinitis in the distal upper extremity, and symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. An association was also found between repetitiveness of work and carpal tunnel syndrome, indicated by the combination of positive electrodiagnostic results and symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. (74934)

CIS 00-872 Vehicle accidents related to sleep: A review. Horne J., Reyner L., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.289-294. 60 ref. (In English)

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Falling asleep while driving accounts for a considerable proportion of vehicle accidents under monotonous driving conditions. Circadian effects are profound, with sleepiness being particularly evident during night shift work and while driving home afterwards. Circadian factors are as important in determining driver sleepiness as is the duration of the drive, but only duration of the drive is built into legislation in the U.K. protecting professional drivers. Older drivers are also vulnerable to sleepiness in the mid-afternoon. Putative counter measures to sleepiness, adopted during continued driving (cold air, use of car radio) are only effective for a short time. The only safe countermeasure to driver sleepiness, particularly when the driver reaches the stage of fighting sleep, is to stop driving, and - for example - take a 30 minute break encompassing a short nap or coffee, which are very effective particularly if taken together. Exercise is of little use. More education of employers and employees is needed about planning journeys, the dangers of driving while sleepy and driving at vulnerable times of the day. (74961)

CIS 00-873 Reliability of physical examination of the upper extremity among keyboard operators. Salerno D.F., Franzblau A., Werner R.A., Chung K.C., Schultz J.S., Becker M.P., Armstrong T.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.423-430. 36 ref. (In English)

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To determine the empirical reliability of physical examination and anthropometry in a field study of upper extremity disorders, two experienced examiners independently performed provocative tests and procedures among 160 keyboard operators. Two additional examiners conducted anthropometric surveys. Inter-examiner reliability was assessed with observed agreement, kappa statistics and intra-class correlations. Except for the carpal compression test, physical examination contributed very little reliable information. This was attributed mainly to the low prevalence of positive findings and the generally mild nature of upper extremity disorders in this population. Although it may reduce bias, separating physical examination from medical history may contribute to the poor reliability of the findings. In epidemiological research among keyboard operators, tools such as questionnaires have shown to be more reliable. (74829)

CIS 00-874 Special report: Musculoskeletal disorders in Europe. (French: Dossier spécial: les troubles musculo-squelettiques en Europe) Tozzi G.A., Occhipinti E., Colombini D., Malchaire J.B., Cock N.A., Daniellou F., Bjurvald M., Ringelberg J.A., Newsletter of the European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety - Bulletin d'information du Bureau technique syndical européen pour la santé et la sécurité, June 1999, No.11-12, p.11-40. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English, French)

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This collection of articles assesses the results of actions undertaken by the trade unions of European countries in view of preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). It also presents a consensus document on the exposure evaluation of upper extremities to repetitive movements, different participatory approaches to MSD risk assessment as well as the organizational failures revealed by the development of MSDs. Regulatory issues are also covered, in particular recent Swedish legislation on the prevention of MSDs as well as a series of technical standards on biomechanics for the design of machinery, currently in the public enquiry stage. (74862)

CIS 00-875 Utilizing criteria for assessing multiple-task manual materials handling jobs. Dempsey P.G., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.405-416. 42 ref. (In English)

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One approach to the design or evaluation of manual materials handling (MMH) tasks is through the use of various criteria measures that have been developed. Most criteria are for single MMH tasks, however, the majority of jobs are composed of multiple tasks. This paper examines issues relevant to the aggregation of criterion values from multiple MMH tasks. Assessment strategies for evaluating multiple-task MMH jobs are also discussed. The conclusions are: (1) basic and applied research is needed to enhance methodologies for analysing multiple-component MMH tasks, (2) research is needed to assess the role of MMH criteria in the prevention of low-back disorders when MMH exposures are complex, (3) field methodologies for applying MMH criteria to complex exposures need to be operationally defined to ensure consistent use by practitioners, and (4) MMH criteria should be viewed as design and task analysis tools (i.e., compliance assessment), and not as risk assessment tools. (75075)

CIS 00-876 Assessment of exposure to pushing and pulling in epidemiological field studies: An overview of methods, exposure measures, and measurement strategies. van der Beek A.J., Hoozemans M.J.M., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., Burdorf A., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.417-429. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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The purposes of this article are to critically evaluate different methods to assess push and pull forces, to describe measures of exposure to pushing and pulling, and to consider measurement strategies for assessment of exposure to pushing and puling. Firstly, information on the level of exerted forces with the accuracy needed for epidemiology can only be obtained from direct measurement methods. These methods are particularly required when push and pull tasks are biomechanically analysed, implying that also force direction and point of application relative to the worker have to be assessed. Secondly, to obtain a limited number of external exposure measures that reflect exposure to pushing and pulling over time, aggregation of various force measurements is suggested. Internal exposure measures and parameters corresponding to guidelines are also described. Thirdly, for truck drivers and refuse collectors a strategy of approximately five repeated measurements for each representative working situation is advised in order to obtain a reliable estimate of an individual's exposure to pushing and pulling. (75076)

CIS 00-877 An evaluation of manual materials handling in highway construction work. Paquet V., Punnett L., Buchholz B., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.431-444. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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PATH (Posture, Activities, Tools and Handling) is an ergonomic assessment method used to measure the frequency of exposure to manual materials handling (MMH) activities for construction and other non-routine work. Observations of loads handled, body postures, tools and materials handled and hand grasps are available for further description of MMH activities. PATH has been used to characterize manual handling by iron workers (in concrete reinforcement work), carpenters (in form construction) and labourers (in the construction of utilities pits) during highway construction operations. Iron workers were the most frequently observed in heavy MMH activities, and they often lifted in twisted or laterally bent trunk postures. Heavy MMH activities by labourers most frequently involved the handling of boards used to construct the pit walls. Little heavy MMH was observed in the carpentry tasks. MMH requirements varied greatly among tasks within each construction operation, demonstrating the importance of a task-based assessment of MMH exposures. (75077)

CIS 00-878 The use of logs to assess exposure to manual handling of patients, illustrated in an intervention study in home care nursing. Knibbe J.J., Friele R.D., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.445-454. 35 ref. (In English)

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Logs registering the frequency of manual handling could be an option in nursing. The development of a log is accounted for and its use during an intervention, introducing 40 patient hoists in home care, is described. The exposure to manual handling was reduced significantly in the intervention group (average number of patient transfers per nurse/week 35-21). The control group remained stable (24-24). The reduction of exposure was only partly due to the hoists substituting manual transfers, suggesting the presence of an elimination effect. Possible explanations indicating that the hoists were partly responsible for this are: (1) the patients' relatives could now perform the transfers with the hoist; (2) hoists combine several manual transfers into one mechanical transfer; (3) hoists require only one operator for manual transfers that require two nurses. The log pointed to unpredicted elimination effects in addition to the substitution effects, and provided detailed information for evaluating the intervention. (75078)

CIS 00-879 Activation of the finger and trapezius muscles in repetitive short and long term finger movements. (German: Aktivierung der Finger- und Trapezmuskulatur bei repetitiven Kurz- und Langzeit-Fingerbewegungen) Schnoz M., Läubli T., Weiss J.A., Krueger H., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Aug. 1999, Vol.53, No.2, p.131-138. Illus. 21 ref. (In German)

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Nine persons aged between 24 and 39 were examined for muscle activity in key operations in order to study the exertion of finger, upper arm and neck muscles during repetitive work. The subjects tapped with the index finger at different frequencies on a rigid key, first during 8s, then for the longest possible time. Surface electromyogramme (EMG) signals from six muscles were measured during maximum voluntary contraction, relaxation and key operation. The force applied to the key was also recorded. Static contraction was found to be present during fast tapping, slow tapping and relaxation in the finger musclesand trapezius but not in the upper arm muscles. Phasic co-activity became significant with time in the trapezius. Incomplete trapezius relaxation could be a reason for work-related neck pain. (74806)

CIS 00-880 Assessment of the cardiac load on a flock removal site. (French: Evaluation de la charge cardiaque sur un chantier de déflocage) Artus D., Baud J.P., Bruel T., Pouliquen P., Chamoux A., Revue de médecine du travail, May-June 1999, Vol.XXVI, No.3, p.169-181. Illus. 38 ref. (In French)

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Carried out on voluntary flock removal operators, the objective of this study was to establish their aptitude to work under physically and psychologically demanding conditions and to estimate, as a function of the specific constraints of the workplace, the maximum consecutive length of time for wearing personal protective equipment, and consequently the time of stay in risk zones. Heart rhythms were measured, and total pulse rate was determined during phases of confinement (98.2 beats/min, 53.9%) and flock removal (104.6 beats/min, 57%). Results confirm that flock removal is to be considered as a "somewhat heavy" or "heavy" activity. The conditions of confinement and restrictive work postures increase the strenuousness of the work. The heat prevailing in the work area, worsened by the wear of personal protective equipment, is a predominant factor in explaining the strenuous nature of these tasks. (74869)

CIS 00-881 Physical workload at the workplace. (French: La charge physique au travail) Ben Lellahom L., SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, July 1998, No.6, p.35-38. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: conditions of work; heat load; lactates; measurement of physical workload; oxygen intake; physical workload; pulse rate; pulse recovery; work capacity; workload assessment. (74890)

CIS 00-882 Physical capacity in relation to present and past physical load at work: A study of 484 men and women aged 41 to 68 years. Torgén M., Punnett L., Alfredsson L., Kilbom Å., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.388-400. Illus. 51 ref. (In English)

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A negative association has previously been reported between long-lasting physically heavy work and some measures of physical capacity. This relationship was further investigated in a 24-year follow-up study of 484 middle-aged men and women from the general population. A questionnaire was administered in 1993 concerning retrospective recall of physical work loads and physical training in the time span between 1970 and 1993. Laboratory tests performed in 1993 included tests of muscle function (maximal isometric strength and dynamic endurance) and aerobic power (submaximal ergometer test). Consistent with the hypothesis, but mainly among the women, associations between long-lasting physically heavy demands and low trunk flexion strength, squatting endurance and aerobic power were observed. In contrast, low isometric hand grip strength and low weight lifting endurance were seldom seen among those with high physical work loads, indicating a possible maintaining or training effect on the hand/arm/shoulder muscle groups. (75015)

CIS 00-883 Effects of pacing when using material handling manipulators. Nussbaum M.A., Chaffin D.B., Human Factors, June 1999, Vol.41, No.2, p.214-225. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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Common manipulator-assisted materials handling tasks were performed in a laboratory simulation at self-selected and faster (paced) speeds. The effects of pacing on peak hand forces, torso kinematics, spine moments and forces, and muscle antagonism were determined, along with any influences of several task variables on these effects. The faster trials were performed 20% more rapidly than the self-paced trials. It was found that achieving this level of performance required ≈10% higher hand forces and 5%-10% higher torso moments. Consistent torso postures and motions were used for both speed conditions, and the faster trials resulted in ≈10% higher spine forces and ≈15% higher levels of lumbar muscle antagonisms. These results suggest a higher risk of musculoskeletal injury associated with performance of object transfers at faster than self-selected speeds with and without a manipulator. Further analysis provided evidence that the use of manipulators involves higher levels of motor coordination than do manual tasks. (75071)

CIS 00-884 Distributions of manual materials handling task parameters. Ciriello V.M., Snook S.H., Hashemi L., Cotnam J., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.379-388. 31 ref. (In English)

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This study is an analysis on 25,291 manual materials handling (MMH) tasks obtained from 2442 reports from industrial locations throughout the US. The tasks consisted of 10,101 lifts, 7461 lowers, 1879 pushes, 1866 pulls and 3984 carries. The percent distribution of each of the task parameters, i.e., weight, height, distance and frequency was studied, and the percent of reports from key industrial classifications to percent of compensation costs associated with MMH in those classifications were compared. Findings reveal that many basic ergonomic considerations for MMH have been ignored. Redesign strategies should be focussed on minimizing hand distances, decreasing loads of lifts, lowers and carries, decreasing frequencies of tasks, increasing heights of start of lifts, and decreasing distances of carries, pushes and pulls. There should also be a continued effort to decrease the number of lifts and lowers which comprise 69% of the tasks surveyed. It is concluded that continued effort should be extended toward redesign of MMH tasks and components of tasks that violate good ergonomic principles. (75074)

CIS 00-885 An overview of manual handling injury statistics in Western Australia. Straker L.M., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Aug. 1999, Vol.24, No.4, p.357-364. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This paper provides an overview of recent occupational injury and disease statistics from Western Australia, with a particular focus on manual handling injuries. The mechanisms for data collection and the limitations of the data sets are discussed. Information is presented to demonstrate the trends in injury data over an eight-year period. Breakdowns of estimates of new compensation cases by nature of injury, bodily location and mechanism of injury are discussed. The distribution of cases by age, sex and industry is also described. The implications of these data are discussed. Data sets such as that described here are useful for industry by providing an estimate of the scope and nature of the problem. Manual handling injuries are widely acclaimed as a persistent and common ergonomics problem. The added understanding of the problem afforded by such statistics assists with the recognition, assessment and control of the risks contributing to manual handling injuries. The statistics also provide benchmarks for organization and industry comparisons. (75072)

CIS 00-886 Visual display units. (Spanish: Pantallas de visualización de datos) Sanz Merinero J.A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 8p. Illus. 16 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on directive; computer terminals; CRT display terminals; data sheet; design of equipment; legislation; lighting; Spain; work posture; workplace design. (74981)

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CIS 00-887 Interactions between physical and psychosocial risk factors at work increase the risk of back disorders: An epidemiological approach. Devereux J.J., Buckle P.W., Vlachonikolis I.G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.343-353. Illus. 75 ref. (In English)

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Manual workers, delivery drivers, technicians, customer services, computer operators and general office staff reported risk factors at work and back disorders with a self administered questionnaire. The workers were classified into high physical and high psychosocial; high physical and low psychosocial; low physical and high psychosocial; and low physical and lowpsychosocial exposure groups. Low physical and low psychosocial was used as an internal reference group. Exposure criteria were derived from existing epidemiological publications and models for physical and psychosocial work factors. Frequency and amplitude of lifting and the duration spent sitting while experiencing vibration were used as physical exposure criteria. Ordinal values of mental demands, job control and social support from managers and coworkers were used as psychosocial exposure criteria. The highest increase in risk was found in the high physical and high psychosocial group for back disorders. This study suggests that an interaction between physical and psychosocial risk factors at work may exist and that the greatest benefits are when both physical and psychosocial factors are put right. (74967)

CIS 00-888 Cognitive performance and mood during respirator wear and exercise. Caretti D.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.60, No.2, p.213-218. 20 ref. (In English)

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The combined effects of respirator wear and low-intensity work on decision making and mood were assessed in eight subjects during 60min of low-intensity treadmill walking with and without a respirator. Subjects completed walks during no mask wear, wear of a respirator with high inspiratory resistance, and wear of a respirator with low resistance. Cognitive tasks included choice reaction, serial addition/subtraction, logical reasoning, and serial reaction. Mood was measured using a questionnaire with 36 adjectives representing the factors of activity, anger, depression, fear, happiness and fatigue. Data were obtained pre-exercise, after 20 and 40min of walking, and post-exercise. Combined respirator wear and low-intensity exercise did not affect accuracy, speed or throughput in any of the cognitive tasks. Likewise, no significant effects of condition on the six mood factor scores were observed. These results show that the combination of respirator wear and low-level activity does not adversely alter cognitive performance or mood. (75084)

CIS 00-889 The prevalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors among Iowa and Colorado farmers. Scarth R.D., Stallones L., Zwerling C., Burmeister L.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.37, No.4, p.382-389. 25 ref. (In English)

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385 Iowa and 470 Colorado male principal farm operators were evaluated for depressive symptoms by using the CES-D scale. Risk factors were determined by using weighted multiple logistic regression analyses. Iowa farmers were 1.74 times more likely to have had depressive symptoms than Colorado farmers. Being unmarried (odds ratio = 3.46), having negative life events within the past year (legal problems (4.67), substantial income decline (2.71), loss of something of sentimental value (3.20)) and lower perceived general health status were risk factors for depressive symptoms for male Iowa and Colorado farmers. Higher levels of most risk factors for Iowa farmers, almost twice the frequency of substantial income decline, accounted for the majority of the difference in depressive symptoms between Iowa (12.2%) and Colorado (7.4%). The difference in level of depressive symptoms between Iowa and Colorado farmers was not significant after adjusting for the higher levels of most risk factors for Iowa farmers. (74827)

CIS 00-890 Not only improved quality but also higher efficiency - Subjectifying work action in the care of the elderly. (German: Nicht nur mehr Qualität, sondern auch höhere Effizienz - Subjektivierendes Arbeitshandeln in der Altenpflege) Böhle F., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Aug. 1999, Vol.53, No.3, p.174-181. 23 ref. (In German)

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The usual mode of calculated, rational action is held to be inapplicable when caring for elderly persons, where current trends in rationalization and economy are shown to yield counterproductive, costly secondary effects. In this paper, specific work structure based on a "subjectifying" approach and the empirical evaluation of different situations are described. Consequences for the organization of care for the elderly focussing on quality and efficiency are discussed. The bases for the concept of "subjectifying" is a complex use of sensory perception, subjective feelings and empathy, as well as mental processes that are linked to actions and behaviours. (74803)

CIS 00-891 Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II study. Stansfeld S.A., Fuhrer R., Shipley M.J., Marmot M.G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.302-307. 32 ref. (In English)

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The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. It was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants in London, England. In a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6,895 male and 3,413 female civil servants, work characteristics were used to predict psychiatric disorder measured by a 30-item general health questionnaire (GHQ). Low social support at work and low decision authority, high job demands and effort-reward imbalance were associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorder as assessed by the GHQ at follow up adjusting for age, employment grade and baseline GHQ score. Social support and control at work protect mental health while high job demands and effort-reward imbalance are risk factors for future psychiatric disorder. Intervention at the level of work design, organization and management might have positive effects on mental health in working populations. (74962)

CIS 00-892 Relation between job strain and myocardial infraction: A case-control study. Netterstrøm B., Nielsen F.E., Kristensen T.S., Bach E., Møller L., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.56, No.5, p.339-342. 23 ref. (In English)

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A case-control study of 76 male wage earners who had been admitted to hospital with myocardial infarction (MI) was conducted in Denmark. As a control group, 176 male wage earners not admitted to hospital who were residents of the same county were used. Both groups were interviewed with an extensive questionnaire on job-related conditions. The most significant findings were consistent with Karasek's job strain model in that men with a high degree of demand combined with a low degree of control at work had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for MI after adjustment for age compared with men with a low degree of demand and a high degree of control at work. Further adjustment for smoking, socioeconomic status, employment sector, job category and social network did not affect the OR substantially. Other factors significantly associated to MI were job category and employment sector. Thus, the study confirmed the job strain model as well as the well known association between socioeconomic status and risk of MI, whereas the finding of an increased risk among employees in the private sector has not previously been described. (74966)

CIS 00-893 The impact of learning opportunities and decision authority on occupational health. Mikkelsen A., Saksvik P.Ø, Eriksen H.R., Ursin H., Work and Stress, Jan.-Mar. 1999, Vol.13, No.1, p.20-31. lllus. 35 ref. (In English)

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In an investigation of 418 employees in the Norwegian Postal Service, employees with high learning opportunities and high decision authority were found to be better off on psychological functioning, health and organizational outcome variables than employees with low scores on these variables. Decision authority and learning opportunities had specific and independent impact on subjective health, psychological functioning, coping style and organizational outcome variables. There were also, however, interaction effects between demands, learning opportunities and decision authority on subjective health. Learning opportunities and decision authority were operationalized with a questionnaire, supplemented with questions on the opportunities to learn skills beyond the present job situation. It is suggested that this is a particularly important dimension for coping with the present-day rapid changes in working life, where the objective for many workers will be to broaden their repertoire and competence to increase their flexibility in the labour market. (74995)

CIS 00-894 Psychological conditions diagnosed among veterans seeking Department of Defense care for Gulf War-related health concerns. Engel C.C., Ursano R., Magruder C., Tartaglione R., Jing Z., Labbate L.A., Debakey S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.384-392. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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The Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program is a US military programme that provides a voluntary, clinically oriented evaluation for Gulf War health concerns. Administrative data are presented on psychological conditions (as coded using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) from the first year of the programme. The most commonly diagnosed psychological conditions were medically unexplained physical-symptom syndromes; depression and anxiety, including post-traumatic stress disorder; and alcohol abuse or dependence. Psychological conditions were significantly related to a higher number of workdays lost, and the 19% of veterans with a primary diagnosis of a psychological condition reported 28% of the lost workdays among veterans who participated. Stressful Gulf War experiences were weakly but significantly related to psychological conditions. It is concluded that among Gulf War veterans seeking evaluation for Gulf War-related health concerns, psychological conditions are common and are associated with important occupational morbidity. (74997)

CIS 00-895 Gambling, drinking, smoking and other health risk activities among casino employees. Shaffer H.J., Vander Bilt J., Hall M.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.365-378. 37 ref. (In English)

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A sample of full-time casino employees was surveyed about gambling, drinking, smoking and other health risk behaviours. Respondents were also asked about their use of the employee assistance program (EAP) and perceived obstacles towards using the EAP. Casino employees were found to have a higher prevalence of past-year pathological gambling behaviour than the general adult population, a lower prevalence of past-year problem gambling and a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol abuse and depression. The majority of non-smoking respondents in this sample were exposed to second-hand smoke. Employees reported low participation in the company's EAP. The results of this study suggest that casino management should consider improving problem gambling screening for employees who visit EAPs, even if employees present other problems (e.g., alcohol problems) as their primary concerns, increasing employees' awareness of EAPs, increasing health promotion and education through channels other than company EAPs, and creating smoke-free working areas. (75013)

CIS 00-896 Behavior-based safety: Myths, magic and reality. Blair E., Professional Safety, Aug. 1999, Vol.44, No.8, p.25-29. 23 ref. (In English)

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Topics: human behaviour; human factors; human relations; information of personnel; motivation; plant safety organization; psychology of work organization; responsibilities; risk awareness; role of management; role of supervisory staff; safe working methods; safety consciousness; safety programmes; safety training in industry; USA; workers participation. (75080)

CIS 00-897 Stress prevention for blue-collar workers in assembly-line production. Kvarnström S., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1997. 32p. 11 ref., ISBN 92-2-110488-5 (In English)

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Topics: assemblers; assembly-line work; blue-collar workers; ILO; mental stress; role of management; stress evaluation; stress factors; work organization; workers participation; workplace design. (75059)

CIS 00-898 Work-related stress in nursing: Controlling the risk to health. Cox T., Griffiths A., Cox S., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. 47p. 41 ref., ISBN 92-2-110365-X (In English)

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Topics: ILO; mental stress; nursing personnel; role of management; safety and health training; stress evaluation; stress factors; work organization; workplace design. (75058)

CIS 00-899 Stress, well-being and the Framework Directive - The Dutch experience. Popma J., European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 155 Bd Emile Jacqmain, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1998. 30p. Illus. 41 ref., ISBN 2-930003-26-X (In English)

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Topics: comment on directive; conditions of work; directive; European Communities; exposure evaluation; hazard evaluation; humanization of work; implementation of control measures; labour inspection; legislation; mental stress; Netherlands; statistics; stress factors; welfare facilities. (74896)

CIS 00-900 Organisational interventions to reduce the impact of poor work design. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. 172p. Illus. approx. 130 ref. Price: GBP 44.00., ISBN 0-7176-1632-0 (In English)

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Topics: assembly-line work; case study; degree of skill; labour-management relations; manufacturing industries; mental stress; psychology of absenteeism; psychology of work organization; role of management; social aspects; supervisors; workers participation; workplace design. (74943)

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