CIS 00-1 Regulations concerning the functioning of the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Reglamento de funcionamiento del Consejo Nacional de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo [Nicaragua]) Compendio de resoluciones y normativas en materia de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Managua, Nicaragua, 1996. 4p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Topics: law; national organization; Nicaragua; public OSH institutions; safety and health organization. (74425)

CIS 00-2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Compliance Assistance Authorization Act of 1998 [USA]. United States Code - Congressional and Administrative News, 9 Sep. 1998, No.7, p.112 STAT.638-639. (In English)

Internet:

Law amending the US Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (CIS 89-351). Topics: consultations; enforcement; law; role of labour inspection; safety and health training; USA; workers participation. (74435)

CIS 00-3 Ministerial Resolution of 1993 on occupational safety and health [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Resolución ministerial de higiene y seguridad del trabajo de 1993 [Nicaragua]) Compendio de resoluciones y normativas en materia de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Managua, Nicaragua, 1996. 15p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Topics: employee rights; law; licensing of undertakings; Nicaragua; notification of occupational accidents; occupational diseases; occupational safety and health; penalties; public OSH institutions; responsibilities. (74421)

CIS 00-4 Ministerial Resolution of 1994 on joint safety and health committees at the workplace [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Resolución ministerial de 1994 sobre las comisiones mixtas de higiene y seguridad del trabajo (C.M.H.S.T.) en las empresas [Nicaragua]) Compendio de resoluciones y normativas en materia de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Managua, Nicaragua, 1996. 6p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Topics: accident investigation; law; Nicaragua; plant safety and health organization; safety and health committees; safety and health meetings. (74422)

CIS 00-5 Ministerial Standard of 1995 concerning basic safety and health provisions at the workplace [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Norma ministerial de 1995 sobre las disposiciones básicas de higiene y seguridad en los lugares de trabajo [Nicaragua]) Compendio de resoluciones y normativas en materia de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Managua, Nicaragua, 1996. 25p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Topics: accommodation; doors; hazard identification; housekeeping; lighting; locker rooms; Nicaragua; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities; sanitary facilities; showers; stairs; standard; ventilation; walls. (74423)

CIS 00-6 Decree No.529-99 of 5 May 1999 and Regulations on the use of experience [Canada - Quebec]. (French: Décret n°529-99 du 5 mai 1999 et Règlement sur l'utilisation de l'expérience [Canada - Québec]) Gazette officielle du Québec, 19 May 1999, Year 131, No.20, p.1908-1915. (In French)

Internet:

http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&…
   …file=%2F%2FA_3_001%2FA3_001R6.htm

Topics: Canada; economic aspects; experience; hazard evaluation; law; responsibilities of employers; workmen's compensation. (74443)

CIS 00-7 Royal Order of 3 May 1999 concerning the Supreme Council for Occupational Safety and Health [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit betreffende de Hoge Raad voor Preventie en Bescherming op het werk; French: Arrêté royal du 3 mai 1999 relatif au Conseil supérieur pour la prévention et la protection au travail [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 10 July 1999, Year 169, No.136, p.26531-26537. (In Dutch, French)

Internet:

Topics: Belgium; law; national organization; public OSH institutions; safety and health organization. (74446)

CIS 00-8 Royal Order of 3 May 1999 on the objectives and functioning of workplace safety and health committees [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit betreffende de opdrachten en de werking van de Comités voor preventie en bescherming op het werk; French: Arrêté royal du 3 mai 1999 relatif aux missions et au fonctionnement des comités pour la prévention et la protection au travail [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 10 July 1999, Year 169, No.136, p.26537-26544. (In Dutch, French)

Internet:

Topics: Belgium; law; responsibilities of employers; safety and health committees; safety planning. (74447)

CIS 00-9 Royal Order of 4 May 1999 on the use of mobile work equipment [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit betreffende het gebruik van mobiele arbeidsmiddelen; French: Arrêté royal du 4 mai 1999 concernant l'utilisation d'équipements de travail mobiles [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 4 June 1999, Year 169, No.108, p.20740-20743. (In Dutch, French)

Internet:

Royal Decree transposing into national legislation Council Directive 95/63/EC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work (CIS 96-395). (74448)

CIS 00-10 Ministerial Resolution of 1996 laying down minimum safety and health measures applicable to construction companies involved in open-air excavations [Nicaragua]. (Spanish: Resolución ministerial de 1996 referente a las medidas básicas de seguridad e higiene que deben adoptar las empresas y firmas constructoras que realicen excavaciones a cielo abierto [Nicaragua]) Compendio de resoluciones y normativas en materia de higiene y seguridad del trabajo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Managua, Nicaragua, 1996. 3p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Topics: belts, harnesses and lifelines; cable laying; hazard identification; law; Nicaragua; opencast work; personal protective equipment; pipelaying; trenching and excavating. (74424)

CIS 00-11 Offshore installations - The Offshore Installations (Safety Zones) Order 1999 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 2p. Price: GBP 1.00., ISBN 0-11-082123-8 (In English)

Internet:

Order made pursuant to the Petroleum Act 1987 (CIS 99-1759). Topics: law; offshore oil extraction; restricted areas; safe distances; United Kingdom. (74427)

CIS 00-12 Factories (Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing) (Amendment) Regulations 1997 [Singapore]. Photocopy, 7p. On file at CIS. (In English)

Internet:

Regulations (entry into force: 1 May 1997) amending the Factories (Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing) Regulations 1994 (CIS 95-10). Topics: law; maintenance and repair; occupational safety; shipbuilding industry; shipyards; Singapore. (74430)

CIS 00-13 Regulations amending the Canada Occupational Safety and Health Regulations [Canada]. (French: Règlement modifiant le Règlement canadien sur la sécurité et la santé au travail [Canada]) Canada Gazette - Gazette du Canada, 30 Sep. 1998, Part II, Vol.132, No.20, p.2613-2629. (In English, French)

Internet:

For the Safety and Health Regulations of 1986, see CIS 86-1483. Topics: Canada; dangerous work; decompression; diving; explosives; law; medical examinations; responsibilities of employers; role of supervisory staff; safety and health training; safety planning; safety service records. (74433)

CIS 00-14 Governmental agreement No.103-84 of 1984 establishing regulatory standards to implement International Labour Convention No.110 concerning Conditions of Employment of Plantation Workers [Guatemala]. (Spanish: Acuerdo Gubernativo N° 103-84 de 1984 aprobando normas reglamentarias para la aplicación del Convenio internacional del trabajo núm.110, relativo a las condiciones de empleo de los trabajadores de las plantaciones [Guatemala]) Diario de Centro América, 5 Mar. 1984, No.28, p.785-786. (In Spanish)

Internet:

For the ILO Conditions of Employment of Plantation Workers Convention, 1958 (No. 110), see CIS 89-1758. Topics: accommodation; agricultural operations; children; Guatemala; hours of work; ILO; international agreements; labour inspection; medical examinations; plantations; responsibilities of employers; standard; transport of persons; welfare facilities. (74434)

CIS 00-15 Commission Decision of 25 June 1999 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to ... Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards products related to concrete, mortar and grout [European Communities]. (French: Décision de la Commission du 25 juin 1999 relative à la procédure d'attestation de conformité des produits de construction conformément à ... la Directive 89/106/CEE du Conseil, en ce qui concerne les produits pour béton, mortier et coulis [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 17 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 184, p.27-31. (In English, French)

Internet:

Commission Decision taken in application of Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 Dec. 1988 (CIS 93-3). Topics: approval; building materials; compliance tests; concrete; construction industry; directive; European Communities; mortar. (74436)

CIS 00-16 Commission Decision of 29 June 1999 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to ... Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards construction adhesives [European Communities]. (French: Décision de la Commission du 29 juin 1999 relative à la procédure d'attestation de conformité des produits de construction conformément à ... la Directive 89/106/CEE du Conseil, en ce qui concerne les adhésifs utilisés dans la construction [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 17 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 184, p.32-36. (In English, French)

Internet:

Commission Decision taken in application of Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 Dec. 1988 (CIS 93-3). Topics: adhesives; approval; building materials; compliance tests; construction industry; directive; European Communities; fire hazards. (74437)

CIS 00-17 Commission Decision of 29 June 1999 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to ... Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards space heating appliances [European Communities]. (French: Décision de la Commission du 29 juin 1999 relative à la procédure d'attestation de conformité des produits de construction conformément à ... la Directive 89/106/CEE du Conseil, en ce qui concerne les appareils de chauffage [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 17 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 184, p.37-41. (In English, French)

Internet:

Commission Decision taken in application of Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 Dec. 1988 (CIS 93-3). Topics: approval; compliance tests; construction industry; directive; European Communities; fire hazards; heating equipment. (74438)

CIS 00-18 Commission Decision of 1 July 1999 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to ... Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards pipes, tanks and ancillaries not in contact with water intended for human consumption [European Communities]. (French: Décision de la Commission du 1.7.99 relative à la procédure ... produits de construction conformément à ... la Dir. 89/106/CEE du Conseil ... concerne les tuyaux, réservoirs et ... n'entrant pas en contact avec l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 17 July 1999, Vol.42, No.L 184, p.42-49. (In English, French)

Internet:

Commission Decision taken in application of Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 Dec. 1988 (CIS 93-3). Topics: approval; compliance tests; construction industry; directive; European Communities; flexible tubing; leakage; pipe connections; pipes and fittings; protection against leakage; tube making; valves. (74439)

CIS 00-19 Royal Order of 3 May 1999 concerning temporary or mobile construction sites [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit betreffende de tijdelijke of mobiele bouwplaatsen; French: Arrêté royal du 3 mai 1999 concernant les chantiers temporaires ou mobiles [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 11 May 1999, Year 169, No.92, p.16137-16162. (In Dutch, French)

Internet:

This Order transposes into national legislation the provisions of Council Directive 92/57/EEC (CIS 93-1062). The Order applies to on-site coordination and responsibilities of coordinators, employers and other persons. In annex: minimum safety and health requirements for worksites and workstations, including: stability and solidity of equipment and accesses; electrical installations and distribution; emergency ways and exits; fire detection and fire fighting; ventilation; exposure to certain hazards; temperature extremes; lighting; gates and doors; danger zones; loading ramps and platforms; first aid; sanitary facilities; rest rooms; pregnant women and nursing mothers; handicapped workers. Further requirements for outside workstations concern: falling objects; falls from heights; scaffolds and ladders; lifting equipment; earthmoving equipment; maintenance; machinery and tools; trenches and excavations; underground work; demolition; concrete formwork; structural steel work; cofferdams and caissons; and roof work. (74441)

CIS 00-20 Sulphuric Acid Act and Regulations [Guyana]. Government of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana, 1973. 6p. (In English)

Internet:

Basic Law (Act 7 of 1928) relating to sulfuric acid, as amended to 1949, and the Sulfuric Acid Regulations of 1928. Topics: approval; sulfuric acid; corrosive substances; Guyana; law; licensing of undertakings; storage; transport. (74432)

CIS 00-21 Health and Safety - The Control of Asbestos at Work (Amendment) Regulations 1998 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 5p. Price: GBP 2.00., ISBN 0-11-080277-2 (In English)

Internet:

These Regulations (entry into force: 1 Aug. 1999) amend the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 1987 (CIS 89-1418). Topics: asbestos; law; limitation of exposure; personal protective equipment; responsibilities of employers; threshold limit values; United Kingdom. (74426)

CIS 00-22 Health and Safety in Employment (Asbestos) Regulations 1998 [New Zealand]. Statutory Regulations (New Zealand), 1998, Vol.3, No.288 to 467, p.1916-1931. (In English)

Internet:

Regulations pursuant to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (CIS 93-701). Topics: asbestos; clothing contamination; disposal of harmful waste; housekeeping; labelling; law; limitation of exposure; maintenance; New Zealand; personal protective equipment; prohibited work; qualifications; responsibilities of employers; storage. (74444)

CIS 00-23 Fire Prevention Act [Guyana]. Government of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana, 1973. 6p. (In English)

Internet:

Law of 1954 as amended in 1972 to provide for the inspection of premises in Guyana for the purpose of controlling fire risks. Topics: fire prevention; fire services; Guyana; inspection; law; penalties; safety checks. (74431)

CIS 00-24 Health and Safety - The Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1999. 31p. Price: GBP 5.80., ISBN 0-11-082192-0 (In English)

Internet:

These Regulations (entry into force: 1 April 1999) revoke the Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1984 (CIS 89-1436) and certain amendments (CIS 90-1777). They implement in the United Kingdom European Council Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances (CIS 97-1079). (74428)

CIS 00-25 Presidential Decree No.99-64 of 15 March 1999 amending and completing certain measures of Presidential Decree No.90-198 of 30 June 1990 concerning the regulation of explosive substances [Algeria]. (French: Décret présidentiel n°99-64 du 15 mars 1999 modifiant et complétant certaines dispositions du Décret présidentiel n°90-198 du 30 juin 1990 portant réglementation des substances explosives [Algérie]) Journal officiel de la République algérienne, 17 Mar. 1999, Year 38, No.18, p.6-8. (In French)

Internet:

This Decree amends and completes certain measures of Presidential Decree No.90-198 of 30 June 1990, analyzed under CIS 97-1425. Topics: Algeria; dangerous substances; explosive substances; law; licensing of undertakings; storage. (74442)

CIS 00-26 Council Decision of 23 March 1998 concerning the conclusion of the Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents [European Communities]. (French: Décision du Conseil du 23 mars 1998 concernant la conclusion de la convention sur les effets transfrontières des accidents industriels [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 3 Dec. 1998, Vol.41, No.L 326, p.1-33. (In English, French)

Internet:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/seveso/pdf/98685ec.pdf
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/1998/l_326/l_32619981203en00010004.pdf
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/es/oj/dat/1998/l_326/l_32619981203es00010004.pdf

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/fr/oj/dat/1998/l_326/l_32619981203fr00010004.pdf

The Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (CIS 94-430) is annexed to the Decision. Topics: choice of location; dangerous substances; directive; emergency organization; European Communities; hazard evaluation; international agreements; list of chemical substances; major hazards; neighbourhood protection; notification of occupational accidents; pollution control; supply of information; UN. (74450)

CIS 00-27 Act No.98-593 of 10 Nov. 1998 concerning protection against ionizing radiation and nuclear safety [Côte d'Ivoire]. (French: Loi n°98-593 du 10 novembre 1998 relative à la protection contre les rayonnements ionisants et à la sûreté nucléaire [Côte d'Ivoire]) Journal officiel de la République de Côte d'Ivoire, 3 Dec. 1998, Year 40, No.49, p.1240-1241. (In French)

Internet:

Topics: Côte d'Ivoire; ionizing radiation; law; licensing of undertakings; penalties; radiation protection; radioactive substances; young persons. (74445)

CIS 00-28 Factories (Operation of Cranes) Regulations 1998 [Singapore]. Photocopy, 12p. Illus. On file at CIS. (In English)

Internet:

Regulations (entry into force: 1 Sept. 1998) made pursuant to Chapter 104, relating to health, safety and welfare in factories and other workplaces, of the Factories Act 1995 (CIS 98-1051). (74429)

CIS 00-29 Commission Directive 1999/40/EC of 6 May 1999 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 79/622/EEC relating to the roll-over protection structures of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (static testing) [European Communities]. (French: Directive 1999/40/CE de la Commission, du 6 mai 1999, portant adaptation au progrès technique de la directive 79/622/CEE du Conseil relative aux dispositifs de protection en cas de renversement des tracteurs agricoles ou forestiers à roues (essais statiques) [Communautés européennes]) Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 18 May 1999, Vol.42, No.L 124, p.11-13. (In English, French)

Internet:

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/1999/l_124/l_12419990518en00110013.pdf
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/es/oj/dat/1999/l_124/l_12419990518es00110013.pdf

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/fr/oj/dat/1999/l_124/l_12419990518fr00110013.pdf

For Council Directive 79/622/EEC see CIS 79-1724. Topics: agriculture; directive; drivers seats; equipment testing; European Communities; logging; protection against overturning; safety devices; safety frames and cabs; tractors. (74440)

CIS 00-30 Royal Order of 4 May 1999 on the use of work equipment for the lifting of loads [Belgium]. (Dutch: Koninklijk besluit betreffende het gebruik van arbeidsmiddelen voor het hijsen of heffen van lasten; French: Arrêté royal du 4 mai 1999 concernant l'utilisation d'équipements de travail servant au levage de charges [Belgique]) Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 4 June 1999, Year 169, No.108, p.20743-20747. (In Dutch, French)

Internet:

Royal Order transposing into national legislation Council Directive 95/93/EC on the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work (CIS 96-395). (74449)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 00-31 TEPP. (Spanish: TEPP) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1999, Vol.61, No.8, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card on tetraethyl pyrophosphate published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 0.05mg/m³. Health hazards: skin absorption; delayed effects; inhibition of blood cholinesterase; eye irritation and pain; blurred vision; bronchoconstriction; dyspnoea; cyanosis; respiratory insufficiency; gastrointestinal effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (74221)

CIS 00-32 Ortho-toluidine. (Spanish: Orto-toluidina) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1999, Vol.61, No.8, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 22mg/m³. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes; methaemoglobinaemia; hypoxia; cyanosis; haematuria. (74222)

CIS 00-33 Azinphosmethyl. (Spanish: Azinfosmetilo) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1999, Vol.61, No.9, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 0.2mg/m³. Health hazards: skin absorption; delayed effects; inhibition of blood cholinesterase; eye irritation and pain; blurred vision; respiratory insufficiency; cardiac arrhythmia; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (74223)

CIS 00-34 Titanium dioxide. (Spanish: Dióxido de titanio) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1999, Vol.61, No.9, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 15mg/m³. Health hazards: irritation of the respiratory tract; lung diseases. (74224)

CIS 00-35 Selenium hexafluoride. (Spanish: Hexafluoruro de selenio) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1999, Vol.61, No.10, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 0.4mg/m³. Health hazards: irritation by inhalation or by skin or eye contact. Induces strong irritation of the respiratory tract in animals. (74225)

CIS 00-36 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane. (Spanish: 1,1,2,2-Tetracloroetano) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1999, Vol.61, No.10, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 35mg/m³; NIOSH recommends a reduction of the limit to 6.87mg/m³. Health hazards: skin absorption; hepatic and renal damage; neurotoxic effects (depression of the central nervous system); brain and lung oedema. (74226)

CIS 00-37 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. (Spanish: 1,2,3-Tricloropropano) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1999, Vol.61, No.11, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 300mg/m³. Health hazards: narcotic effects; irritation of the upper respiratory tract; liver damage. (74227)

CIS 00-38 Trifluoromonobromomethane. (Spanish: Trifluoromonobromometano) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1999, Vol.61, No.11, 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 6100mg/m³. Health hazards: irritation of the skin; cardiac arrythmia; narcotic effects at high concentrations. (74228)

CIS 00-39 Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). (Spanish: Isocianato bisfenílico de metileno (MDI)) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1999, Vol.61, No.12, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 0.2mg/m³. Health hazards: delayed effects; irritation; skin and respiratory sensitization; allergic asthma; pulmonary oedema. (74229)

CIS 00-40 Osmium tetroxide. (Spanish: Tetróxido de osmio) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1999, Vol.61, No.12, 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit (OSHA): 0.002mg/m³; ACGIH recommends a TLV of 0.0002mg/m³. Health hazards: effets tardifs; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; skin burns; dermatitis; pulmonary oedema; may damage the eyes and the kidneys. (74230)

CIS 00-41 Carbon tetrachloride. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xviii, 177p. approx. 530 ref. Price: CHF 42.00 (CHF 29.40 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157208-6 (In English)

Internet:

Conclusions of this criteria document: acute symptoms after carbon tetrachloride exposure are independent of the route of intake and characterized by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, dyspnoea and death. Liver damage appears after 26 hours or more. Kidney damage is evident often only after two to three weeks following poisoning. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74301)

CIS 00-42 Triphenyltin compounds. Sekizawa J., Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 40p. 128 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153013-8 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad13.pdf

There is currently no data concerning occupational exposure to triphenyltin compounds. Poisoning reports describe persistant neurotoxic effects. Triphenytin exerts a variety of health effects in various animal species, including effects on the immune system, reproductive and developmental effects. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74303)

CIS 00-43 Manganese and its compounds. Williams-Johnson M., Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 42p. 238 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153012-X (In English)

Internet:
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad12.pdf

Exposure to high levels of manganese via inhalation or ingestion may cause adverse effects on the nervous system (manganism) and the respiratory system. The inflammatory response in the lung can result in impaired lung function and increased susceptibility to infections (bronchitis), which can lead to manganic pneumonia. Reproductive effects include decreased libido, impotence and decreased fertility in men. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74304)

CIS 00-44 Tributyltin oxide. Benson R., Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 29p. 86 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153014-6 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad14.pdf

There is currently no data concerning the toxicity of long-term exposure to tributyltin oxide (TBTO) in humans. TBTO is a potent non-allergic dermal irritant. It causes irritation of the respiratory tract following acute inhalation exposure. TBTO is immunotoxic to laboratory mammals. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74305)

CIS 00-45 1,2-Diaminoethane (ethylenediamine). Cary R., Dobson S., Delic J., Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 30p. 129 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153015-4 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad15.pdf

Ethylenediamine is an irritant to skin and eyes. It induces allergic skin reactions and has sensitizing properties. It is also a respiratory tract irritant causing respiratory tract hypersensitivity, bronchoconstriction and asthma. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74306)

CIS 00-46 Azodicarbonamide. Cary R., Dobson S., Ball E., Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 23p. 48 ref. Price: CHF 16.00 (CHF 11.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-153016-2 (In English)

Internet:
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad16.pdf

Azodicarbonamide is a blowing agent in the rubber and plastics industries. It is asthmagenic, and may induce skin sensitization. Summaries in French and Spanish. (74307)

CIS 00-47 Joint assessment of commodity chemicals No.38: Monochloroacetic acid (CAS No.79-11-8) and its sodium salt (CAS No.3926-62-3). European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Bte. 6, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 1999. i, 112p. 198 ref. (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document: monochloroacetic acid is a caustic substance producing irreversible damage to the skin and the eyes, whereas its sodium salt, sodium chloroacetate, is not an irritant to the skin and induces a reversible irritation in contact with the eyes. Monochloroacetic acid has delayed effects on the central nervous system and may also have cardiovascular effects leading to renal failure. Metabolic acidosis is difficult to overcome and death occurs within 4 hours to 7 days. (74310)

CIS 00-48 Toxicological profile for 1,4-dichlorobenzene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1998. xix, 253p. Illus. approx. 410 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract; skin blotches; hepatic toxicity; haematological effects (blood-cell anomalies, such as anaemia); neurological effects. (Update of CIS 96-2225). (74311)

CIS 00-49 Toxicological profile for sulfur dioxide. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1998. xix, 185p. Illus. approx. 560 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin and eyes; pneumotoxic effects, including oedema and bronchoconstriction (the respiratory tract is the primary target system for sulfur dioxide toxicity); haematological effects, including methaemoglobinaemia; neurological effects; cytogenic effects; chromosome aberrations. (74312)

CIS 00-50 Toxicological profile for phenol: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1998. xix, 205p. Illus. approx. 500 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pneumotoxic effects, including hyperaemia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis; cardiac arrythmia; haematological effects; hepatic effects; renal effects; neurological effects. (74313)

CIS 00-51 Toxicological profile for sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1998. xix, 189p. Illus. approx. 340 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the respiratory tract; respiratory impairment; chemical burns to skin and eyes; dental erosion; laryngeal cancer. (74314)

CIS 00-52 Toxicological profile for mercury: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Mar. 1999. xx, 617p. Illus. approx. 1280 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, cough, reduced vital capacity, pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, fibrosis); cardiovascular effects; gastrointestinal effects (stomatitis, colic, diarrhoea, nausea); haematological effects (leukocytosis); musculoskeletal effets (tremors, muscle pain); hepatotoxic effects; nephrotoxic effects; erythema; immunotoxic effects; neurotoxic effects; reproductive effects (spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, congenital malformations, menstrual disorders, infertility); effects on child development. (74315)

CIS 00-53 Toxicological profile for hydrogen sulfide. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 179p. Illus. approx. 450 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of respiratory tract, skin and eyes; frostbite; respiratory impairment (dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure); cardiovascular effects; gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting); haematological effects; metabolic effects; neurotoxic effects (headaches, insomnia, neurobehavioural changes, tremors, convulsions, loss of appetite, fatigue, poor memory, dizziness, irritability); reproductive effects (spontaneous abortions). (74316)

CIS 00-54 Toxicological profile for ethylbenzene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 238p. Illus. approx. 650 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of respiratory tract and eyes; neurological effects (dizziness, vertigo). (Update of CIS 91-1267). (74317)

CIS 00-55 Toxicological profile for hexane. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 230p. Illus. approx. 330 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: musculoskeletal effects (muscle wasting, atrophy); erythema; neurotoxic effects (peripheral neuropathy, paralysis, narcosis). (74318)

CIS 00-56 Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 185p. Illus. approx. 250 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of respiratory tract, skin and eyes; respiratory symptoms (sore throat, cough, discomfort, breathing difficulties); gastrointestinal effects (nausea, abdominal cramps); hepatic effects; proteinuria; headaches. (74319)

CIS 00-57 Toxicological profile for formaldehyde. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 423p. Illus. approx. 1170 ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the upper respiratory tract, skin and eyes; dermal sensitization, eczema; neurological effects (fatigue, headaches); cytological effects; chromosome aberrations; cardiovascular disorders; cancer. (74320)

CIS 00-58 Toxicological profile for cadmium: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 397p. Illus. approx. 1180 ref. (In English)

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Topics: anaemia; cadmium and compounds; carcinogenic effects; cadmium chloride; cadmium sulfate; cadmium oxide; cadmium sulfide; cadmium carbonate; cadmium; chromosome changes; criteria document; exposure evaluation; gastric disorders; glossary; health hazards; irritation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; lung cancer; nephrotoxic effects; osteoporosis; respiratory diseases; staining of teeth; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA. (74400)

CIS 00-59 Toxicological profile for trichloroethylene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 1997. xvii, 298p. Illus. approx. 680 ref. (In English)

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Replaces CIS 96-2233. Topics: trichloroethylene; criteria document; exposure evaluation; glossary; health hazards; hepatotoxic effects; limitation of exposure; literature survey; narcotic effects; neurological effects; skin eruption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA. (74458)

CIS 00-60 Toxicological profile for methylenedianiline. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Aug. 1998. xvii, 158p. Illus. approx. 220 ref. (In English)

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Topics: methylenedianiline; criteria document; exposure evaluation; glossary; health hazards; hepatotoxic effects; limitation of exposure; literature survey; sensitization dermatitis; skin absorption; skin eruption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA. (74459)

CIS 00-61 Toxicological profile for tetrachloroethylene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 1997. xvii, 278p. Illus. approx. 500 ref. (In English)

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Replaces CIS 91-564. Topics: abortion; carcinogenic effects; tetrachloroethylene; criteria document; exposure evaluation; glossary; health hazards; hepatotoxic effects; irritation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; menstrual disorders; nephrotoxic effects; neurotoxic effects; skin absorption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA. (74460)

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CIS 00-62 Protective gloves. (Spanish: Guantes de protección) Portillo García-Pintos J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 14p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-523-6 (In Spanish)

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Topics: biological hazards; check lists; chemical hazards; European Communities; mechanical hazards; personal protective equipment; physical hazards; preventive maintenance; protection against cold; protection against heat; protective gloves; safety guides; Spain; training material. (74272)

CIS 00-63 Safety helmets. (Spanish: Cascos de seguridad) Portillo García-Pintos J., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1999. 13p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-524-4 (In Spanish)

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Topics: check lists; comfort criteria; electricity; European Communities; mechanical hazards; personal protective equipment; preventive maintenance; safety guides; safety helmets; Spain; training material. (74273)

CIS 00-64 Catalogue of publications - Public health and safety at work. European Commission, Directorate V/F - Public Health and Safety at Work, Bâtiment Euroforum, 2920 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1999. 32p. (In English)

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This 1999 update of the catalogue of publications on public health and safety at work of the Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs of the European Commission (DG V) contains publications under the following headings: general; health promotion; health monitoring; injuries; AIDS and communicable diseases; cancer; drug dependence; tobacco and cancer; psychosocial factors; occupational diseases; chemical, physical and biological agents; European coal and steel community (ECSC) social research programmes. (74198)

CIS 00-65 Super safety catalog. Primedia Workplace Learning, 4101 International Parkway, Carrollton, Texas 75007, USA, no date. 50p. Illus. Index. + CD-ROM (demo, dersion 1.0). (In English)

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Topics: audiovisual training; catalogue; CD-ROM; film catalogue; safety films; training material; USA. (74393)

CIS 00-66 EUROSTAT publications and databases - Practical mini-guide 1999. EUROSTAT, BECH Building, A3/090 5, rue Alphonse Weicker, 2721 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1999. 75p. Illus., ISBN 92-828-6934-2 (In English)

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http://europa.eu.int/eurostat.html

Topics: agriculture and forestry; catalogue; computerized data bases; economic aspects; environment; European Communities; fishing; industries; power generation and distribution; research; social aspects; statistical aspects; training material; transport. (74392)

CIS 00-67 Charity and voluntary workers - A guide to health and safety at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 70p. Illus. 42 ref. Price: GBP 12.00., ISBN 0-7176-2424-2 (In English)

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Topics: computer terminals; electricity; information of personnel; legislation; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; neuropsychic stress; notification of accidents and diseases; responsibilities of employers; risk factors; safety and health organization; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom; violence; voluntary workers; workplace design. (74394)

CIS 00-68 Containment or removal of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials - A guide to prevention. (French: Travaux de retrait ou de confinement d'amiante ou de matériaux en contenant - Guide de prévention) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1st ed., Oct. 1998. 99p. Illus., ISBN 2-7389-0713-X (In French)

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Topics: asbestos cement; asbestos removal; asbestos; construction work; disposal of harmful waste; first aid; legislation; protective clothing; respirators; training manuals; training material. (74266)

CIS 00-69 Silica - Worker's manual. (Portuguese: Sílica - Manual do trabalhador) Kulcsar Neto F., Gronchi C.C., Ferreira de Souza Duarte I., de Ângelo da Cunha I., Possebon J., Teixeira M.M., do Amaral N.C., Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente, 710, Sao Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 1995. v, 47p. Illus. 8 ref. (In Portuguese)

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Topics: basic metal industries; Brazil; silica; chemical industry; glass industry; limitation of exposure; mining industry; responsibilities of employees; safe working methods; silicosis; training manuals; training material; tunnelling. (74275)

CIS 00-70 Control of cristalline silica concentration in workplace air. (French: Contrôle de la concentration en silice cristalline dans l'atmosphère des lieux de travail) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1st ed., May 1998. 23p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0682-6 (In French)

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Topics: carcinogenic effects; cristobalite; quartz; tridymite; silica; determination in air; dust analysis; France; non-metallic mineral products industries; respirable dust; silicosis; training manuals; training material. (74267)

CIS 00-71 Chemical hazards handbook - A workers' guide to chemical hazards and how to avoid them. Allen B., London Hazards Centre, Interchange Studios, Dalby Street, London NW5 3NQ, United Kingdom, Feb. 1999. iv, 102p. Illus. 16 ref. Index. Price: GBP 15.00 (GBP 7.00 for trade unions and community groups)., ISBN 0-948974-15-X (In English)

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Topics: chemical hazards; chemical products; exposure tests; glossary; harmful substances; health hazards; legislation; limitation of exposure; role of workers organizations; safety guides; toxic effects; training material; United Kingdom. (74391)

CIS 00-72 Safe use of hazardous substances. Practical knowledge for natural scientists. (German: Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen. Sachkunde für Naturwissenschaftler) Bender H., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappelallee 3, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2nd ed., 2000. xiv, 230p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 68.00; EUR 34.77; CHF 61.00., ISBN 3-527-29993-9 (In German)

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This textbook for students and practicing scientists presents the fundamentals of toxicology, the physical and chemical properties that make substances hazardous, the characteristics of particular groups of substances, classification and labelling, occupational exposure limits and relevant German and European regulations. To facilitate self-teaching, each of the eight chapters concludes with questions; correct answers are given at the back of the book. (74476)

CIS 00-73 Allergy to latex: Risks and preventive measures at the workplace. (French: Allergie au latex: risques et mesures préventives au poste de travail; German: Latexallergie: Gefährdung und Schutzmassnahmen am Arbeitsplatz) Rast H., Jost M., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA), Abteilung Arbeitsmedizin, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1st ed., Feb. 1999. 19p. Illus. 7 ref. (In French, German)

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Information booklet on occupational allergy to latex. Contents: hazards; use of latex; risk factors and research; primary prevention; secondary prevention; insurance in Switzerland. (74262)

CIS 00-74 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. An open learning course. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, reprint, 1999. 204p. Illus. Price: GBP 14.00., ISBN 0-7176-1688-6 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 90-1868. Topics: comment on law; earthing; electric burns; electric shock; electrical accidents; electrical equipment; electrical insulation; electrical overload protection; electrical safety; electricity; legislation; training course; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom. (74396)

CIS 00-75 Improving in-plant traffic. (Dutch: Verstandig omgaan met intern transport; French: Mieux circuler dans l'entreprise) Institut pour la prévention, la protection et le bien-être au travail (PREVENT), rue Gachard 88 - Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 20p. Illus. 6 ref., ISBN 2-87112-056-0 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-54-0 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Illustrated safety guide on the prevention of risks associated in in-plant transport. Contents: risks of in-plant traffic; walking, riding a bicyle, or driving a car in the enterprise; carrying, moving and transporting; use of hand lift trucks; use of power trucks. (74261)

CIS 00-76 LOLER 1998 - Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998: Open learning guidance. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 84p. 20 ref. Price: GBP 15.95., ISBN 0-7176-2464-1 (In English)

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Topics: case study; comment on law; legislation; lifting equipment; lifting of loads; maintenance; marking; safe working methods; safety checks; safety service records; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom. (74397)

CIS 00-77 PUWER 1998 - Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: Open learning guidance. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 112p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: GBP 16.50., ISBN 0-7176-2459-5 (In English)

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Topics: case study; comment on law; control elements; European Communities; hazard evaluation; industrial trucks; information of personnel; legislation; lighting; machinery guarding regulations; maintenance; marking; overturning; prevention of access; responsibilities of employers; safety checks; safety devices; safety training in industry; stability; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom; warning notices. (74398)

CIS 00-78 Vaccination of health care personnel. (French: Vaccination du personnel de santé; German: Impfungen des Personals im Gesundheitswesen) Cartier B., Jost M., Rüegger M., Gutzwiller A., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA), Abteilung Arbeitsmedizin, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1st ed., Mar. 1999. 11p. Illus. (In French, German)

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Information booklet on preventive vaccination of health care personnel. Contents: vaccination as an effective preventive method against infectious diseases; principles of personnel vaccination; vaccination against hepatitis B; other vaccination (hepatitis A, measles/mumps/rubella, chickenpox, tetanus/diphtheria, poliomyelitis); responsibilities of employers and workers. (74264)

CIS 00-79 Spare your back. (Dutch: Spaar je rug; French: Ménagez votre dos) Institut pour la prévention, la protection et le bien-être au travail (PREVENT), rue Gachard 88 - Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 7p. Illus., ISBN 2-87112-059-5 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-57-5 (ne) (In Dutch, French)

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Illustrated leaflet on preventing back injury during manual handling of loads. Topics: backache; ergonomics; manual handling; manual lifting; physical fitness programmes; safety guides; training material; work posture. (74263)

CIS 00-80 Repetitive strain injury - Work-related musculoskeletal disorders. (Portuguese: Lesões por esforços repetitivos - Distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho) Salaroli C.A., Fundacentro, Rua Capote Valente, 710, São Paulo, SP 05409-002, Brazil, 1999. 55p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

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Topics: Brazil; carpal-tunnel syndrome; epicondylitis; legislation; musculoskeletal diseases; repetitive strain injury; tenovaginitis; training manuals; training material; upper extremity disorders. (74274)

CIS 00-81 Working with smokers. (Dutch: Roken op het werk; French: Travailler avec des fumeurs) Ministère fédéral de l'emploi et du travail, 51 rue Belliard, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 1999. 23p. 4 ref. (In Dutch, French)

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Information booklet on tobacco smoking at work, with reference to legislation in Belgium. Contents: overview; enterprise policies; strategic options (prohibition of smoking, taking into consideration local conditions, consulting and involving workers, evaluation and follow-up of the chosen policy); complementary measures; the situation in practice; list of useful addresses. Replaces CIS 97-71. (74265)

CIS 00-82 Reducing error and influencing behaviour. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1999. iv, 88p. Illus. 34 ref. Price: GBP 11.50., ISBN 0-7176-2452-8 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 91-350. Topics: case study; disobeying safety instructions; glossary; hazard evaluation; human behaviour; human factors; human failure; risk factors; role of management; safety by design; safety guides; safety planning; training material; United Kingdom; work organization; workplace design. (74395)

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CIS 00-83 Lighting the graveyard shift: The influence of a daylight-simulating skylight on the task performance and mood of night-shift workers. Boyce P.R., Beckstead J.W., Eklund N.H., Strobel R.W., Rea M.S., Lighting Research and Technology, 1997, Vol.29, No.3, p.105-118. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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This experiment was designed to establish whether lighting provided by a daylight-simulating skylight could be used to enhance the task performance and mood of night-shift workers. Subjects performed a series of cognitive tasks, gave subjective ratings of their mood and had their core temperature measured six times during each shift, for three successive nights, under the same lighting condition. Four lighting conditions were experienced. The high, increasing and decreasing illuminance conditions produced higher core body temperatures and greater subjective arousal than did the low illuminance condition. The high- and decreasing-illuminance conditions improved the performance of complex cognitive tasks relative to the low and increasing illuminance conditions. There was no difference between the lighting conditions for the performance of simple cognitive tasks. The high illuminance condition led to a greater delay in going to bed following the shift than did the low-illuminance condition. (74350)

CIS 00-84 Management of occupational hazards in the public services. (Spanish: La gestión de los riesgos laborales en las administraciones públicas) Pérez Olozaga C., Cardarelli Murua I., Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.27-42. Illus. 18 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: check lists; government services; hazard evaluation; information of personnel; legislation; plant safety and health organization; safety and health training; Spain. (74346)

CIS 00-85 The effectiveness of warning signs in hazardous work places: Cognitive and social determinants. Adams A., Bochner S., Bilik L., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1998, Vol.29, No.4, p.247-254. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

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Warning signs should display a number of messages, including an alerting word such as "danger" and descriptions of the seriousness, the probable consequences and the means of avoidance of the hazard. Responses from blue-collar workers and students were measured to five industrial warning signs to determine the extent to which these components determine estimated sign effectiveness and behavioural intentions of compliance. Each sign was presented in five versions: the original, a "full" version in which missing components were generated and inserted, and versions omitting, in turn, the hazard, consequences, and instructions statements. When signs were seen singly there was no tendency for versions with components missing to be rated as poorer. Only when all versions were seen together was the "full" version ranked as being better. Finally, social factors were found to be of considerable importance in sign compliance. (74193)

CIS 00-86 Shopfloor safety initiatives: The example of atmospheric testing in telecommunications cable vaults. Newman D., New Solutions, 1999, Vol.9, No.1, p.103-112. 8 ref. (In English)

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Strategies for occupational safety and health campaigns often overlook the possibilities afforded by initiatives centred in the workplace itself, as opposed to those determined at the bargaining table or by legislation, for example. Workers themselves sometimes may be more cognizant and informed of immediate health and safety issues than are their union representatives, and may formulate innovative or unorthodox approaches to hazard remediation. Such approaches may in fact succeed despite ineffectual contract language or weak regulatory protection. This article examines a successful struggle by a small group of telecommunications technicians to get the employer to revise its obsolete procedures for atmospheric testing of unventilated, underground cable vaults. It demonstrates that increased consideration should be given to shopfloor actions and creative use of the grievance procedure as useful tools in the struggle for occupational safety and health. (74213)

CIS 00-87 Tunnel vision. Hunt S., Accident Prevention, Sep.-Oct. 1999, Vol.46, No.5 p.17-21. (In English)

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Occupational safety and health in small enterprises. Topics: Canada; check lists; economic aspects; enforcement; hazard evaluation; hazard identification; industrial hygienists; plant safety and health organization; public OSH institutions; role of management; safety consciousness; safety consultants; safety planning; small enterprises; workers participation. (74219)

CIS 00-88 Audits of prevention systems. (Spanish: Las auditorías de los sistemas de prevención) Pey Yllera J., Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.9-15. Illus (In Spanish)

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Topics: evaluation of control measures; legal aspects; plant safety and health supervision; responsibilities of employers; safety checks; Spain. (74345)

CIS 00-89 Authorisation procedure for special work in small and medium-sized enterprises. (Spanish: El permiso de trabajos especiales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas) Carol Llopart S., Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.54-61. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: authorization of dangerous work; maintenance and repair; permits-to-work; responsibilities of employers; small enterprises; Spain; supply of information. (74348)

CIS 00-90 Safety and health services and quality (ISO 9002) - Calibration and testing plans. (Spanish: Los servicios de prevencíon y la calidad (ISO 9002) - Plan de calibración y ensayo) Cardarelli Murua I., Prevención, July-Sep. 1998, No.145, p.8-22. Illus. 12 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: calibration; comment on standard; equipment testing; ISO; quality control; standardization. (74415)

CIS 00-91 Monitoring heart rate during the study of physical workload. (Spanish: Monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca en el estudio de la carga física en el trabajo) Arana Munarriz V., Echeberria Aizpuru I., Mapfre seguridad, 1st Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.73, p.3-11. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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Physical workload was assessed by heart rate monitoring in two different enterprises: an iron and steel foundry with a sample of 28 representative work posts where the effort had been previously labelled as moderate or moderate-strong, and a company producing electrical household appliances in which 25 freezer assembly posts, previously labelled as moderate, were selected as representative of the activity. A heart rate monitor was attached to each operator at pectoral level and with a pulsemeter on the wrist from 0.5 to 1.25 hours. Selected workers had been more than six months in their posts, implying physiological adaptation to the job. The results indicate that heart rate monitoring is a useful method to assess physical workload on the individual. (74414)

CIS 00-92 Latest injury figures. Worksafe news, June 1999, Vol.14, No.2, p.14-15. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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Occupational accident statistics for Australia, 1996-1997. Topics: Australia; frequency rates; industries; occupational accidents; statistics; workmen's compensation. (74288)

CIS 00-93 1997 technology statistics: Another big increase in occupational diseases and a relative stability in lost work time accidents. (French: Statistiques technologiques 1997: nouvelle forte progression des maladies professionnelles et relative stabilité des accidents du travail avec arrêt) Bastide J.C., Travail et sécurité, June 1999, No.585, p.40-47. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: accident absenteeism; causes of accidents; commuting accidents; fatalities; France; frequency rates; occupation disease relation; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; severity rates; statistics. (74466)

CIS 00-94 Kiss and tell. Gaymer J., Occupational Health, Nov. 1999, Vol.51, No.11, p.14-15. Illus. (In English)

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Inquiries have shown that employees are often aware of dangerous work practices and hazardous working conditions, but are hesitant to speak up, being afraid of reprisals and unsure of their legal rights and duties. The legal situation in the United Kingdom with respect to employees reporting hazardous situations to their management is outlined, and the importance of having company policies covering such disclosures by workers is emphasized. (74196)

CIS 00-95 Safety and health conditions, practices, and priorities for OSHA reform: A comparison of views of New Jersey union members and safety and health professionals. Ochsner M., New Solutions, 1999, Vol.9, No.1, p.37-63. 25 ref. (In English)

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This article draws on survey and interview data from New Jersey occupational health and safety professionals and union members to provide insights into the interactions among workers, management, unions, and health and safety professionals who shape workplace conditions and practices. A substantial number of both professionals and union members reported serious or very serious safety and health problems; limited access to effective resources for addressing these problems, and the presence of serious barriers to resolving these problems. Fewer than half of the union and professional respondents reported that effective participatory mechanisms such as union/management health and safety committees existed at their work sites, and many interview respondents described situations in which serious problems might be aired but seldom resolved. (74211)

CIS 00-96 Economic miracle for what?: State and workers' health in South Korea. Park C.U., New Solutions, 1999, Vol.9, No.1, p.81-101. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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The state's role in the protection of workers' health in the Republic of Korea is examined by investigating the historical development of the workers' compensation programme and national health insurance as the pillars of state policies on workers' health. In contrast to the state's direct intervention in economic development, the key characteristics of both workers' compensation and national health insurance are the state's minimal organizational and financial costs and the relative autonomy of enterprise managers. Also, the state first restricted the scope of beneficiaries to the core group of manufacturing and mining workers, only gradually expanding it over a long period of time. Such features suggest a strong dependence on business by the Korean welfare state programmes that contradicts the often-claimed image of a strong state. (74212)

CIS 00-97 Proceedings of the regional symposium on occupational health and safety - Marangu, Tanzania, 13-15 December 1998. Lehtinen S., Huuskonen M.S., Kähkönen E., Rantanen J., eds., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1999, Vol.9, Supplement I, p.1-118 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Topics: Africa; agriculture; backache; conference; developing countries; Kenya; national organization; occupational safety and health; plant health services; protective clothing; role of management; small enterprises; steam boilers; Tanzania, United Rep. of; tea farming; Uganda; women; wood dust; woodworking industry; workmen's compensation. (74388)

CIS 00-98 Considerations on occupational accident rates and legislation on occupational hazard control. (Spanish: Reflexiones en torno a la siniestralidad laboral y a la normativa de prevención de riesgos laborales) Blasco Mayor A., Prevención, July-Sep. 1998, No.145, p.45-62. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on law; conditions of work; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; legislation; occupational accidents; plant safety and health organization; responsibilities of employers; safety planning; Spain. (74417)

CIS 00-99 Scientific uncertainty and its implications for risk management. (French: L'incertitude scientifique et ses conséquences sur la gestion des risques) Carrier G., Travail et santé, June 1999, Vol.15, No.2, p.7-11. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: backache; epidemiology; hazard evaluation; hazard identification; health hazards; research; risk factors; safety planning; toxic effects; toxicology. (74470)

CIS 00-100 CONCAWE Review 8:2. CONCAWE, Madouplein 1, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, Vol.8, No.2, Oct. 1999. 24p. Illus. (In English)

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A large section of this review of CONCAWE activities is devoted to the question of ambient fine particulate matter, and covers health effects, sources, public policies to reduce air pollution and vehicle engine development. Other topics include a proposed European directive for limiting benzene in air, exposure profiles for kerosenes and jet fuels, safety statistics in the European oil industry and the risk of ignition of flammable substances by the use of mobile telephones. (74199)

CIS 00-101 International accident facts. National Safety Council, 1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143, USA, 2nd ed., 1999. v, 106p. Illus. 12 ref., ISBN 0-87912-205-6 (In English)

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Comparative statistical data on accidental deaths and injuries in various countries of the world. For overall death rates in 38 countries, both crude and age-adjusted accidental death rates are provided, otherwise all rates are crude. The following data are of occupational relevance: accidental work deaths, work injuries, workdays lost, industries with the greatest number of accidental work deaths and injuries. Some data are also analyzed by age group. Commentary and selected statistical analysis are also supplied separately for the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic), Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom and the USA. (74256)

CIS 00-102 Safety Statistics Bulletin 1998/99. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 1999. 8p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: accident absenteeism; dangerous occurrences; fatalities; frequency rates; injuries; neighbourhood populations; non-occupational accidents; notification of occupational accidents; occupational accidents; report; statistical trends; statistics; town gas; United Kingdom. (74258)

CIS 00-103 III National survey on working conditions - Preliminary results. (Spanish: III Encuesta nacional de condiciones de trabajo - Avance de resultados) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 14p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical hazards; conditions of work; health hazards; noise; physical hazards; physical workload; risk factors; safety and health organization; Spain; statistics; vibration; work time schedules. (74413)

CIS 00-104 Department of Labour business plan: Occupational health and safety - Programme 2. Department of Labour, Private bag X117, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, 1996. 67p. (In English)

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Topics: enforcement; financing of programmes; labour inspection; national organization; plant safety and health organization; public OSH institutions; report of activities; role of government; safety and health training; South Africa. (74255)

CIS 00-105 Safety and health at work - Self-audit handbook for SMEs. Directorate-General V, Occupational health and hygiene unit, Jean Monnet building - C4, BP 1907, 2920 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1995. 280p. Illus. 18 ref., ISBN 92-826-9366-X (In English)

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Topics: air temperature; bakery products industry; check lists; dangerous substances; European Communities; evaluation of control measures; explosion hazards; fire hazards; first-aid organization; garages; hazard evaluation; lighting; machinery; maintenance and repair; materials handling; noise; personal protective equipment; plant safety organization; printing industry; small enterprises; training material; ventilation; vibration; woodworking industry; workers participation. (74399)

CIS 00-106 Occupational health policy, practice and evaluation. Behrens J., Westerholm P., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 8 Scherfigswej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 1996. iii, 277p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: backache; building industry; evaluation of control measures; hairdressing; ISO; medical supervision; occupational medicine; plant health services; skin diseases; small enterprises; WHO. (74455)

CIS 00-107 Employment in France: Health and safety, 1997-1998. (French: Le travail en France: santé et sécurité, 1997-1998) Ministère de l'emploi et de la solidarité, Direction des relations du travail, Sous-direction des conditions de travail, 20 bis, rue d'Estrées, 75700 Paris 07SP, France, 1998. 159p. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: asbestos; computer terminals; European Communities; France; legal aspects; medical supervision; national organization; nuclear power stations; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; plant safety and health organization; role of government; safety and health organization; statistics. (74490)

CIS 00-108 Economic aspects of occupational hazard control: A case study. (Spanish: Aspectos económicos de la prevención de riesgos laborales: caso práctico) Gil Fisa A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 8p. 2 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: cost of accidents; cost of safety; cost-benefit analysis; data sheet; economic aspects; hazard evaluation; plant safety and health organization; safety and health training; safety and productivity; Spain. (74202)

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CIS 00-109 Mortality patterns among electrical workers employed in the U.S. construction industry, 1982-1987. Robinson C.F., Petersen M., Palu S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.630-637. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

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Mortality patterns of a cohort of 31,068 U.S. electrical workers who primarily worked in the construction industry were evaluated between 1982 and 1987. Comparison to the U.S. population by using the NIOSH life table showed significantly elevated proportionate mortality (PMR) for many causes. Excess mortality for leukaemia and brain tumors is similar to reports of electrical workers with occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields in the electric utility or manufacturing industry. Excess deaths due to melanoma skin cancer are consistent with findings of other polychlorinated biphenyl-exposed workers. A significantly elevated PMR was observed for the diseases caused by asbestos (lung cancer, asbestosis, and malignant mesothelioma), and from fatal injuries, particularly electrocutions. The findings of statistically significant excess deaths for prostate cancer, musculoskeletal disease, suicide, and disorders of the blood-forming organs were unexpected. (74333)

CIS 00-110 Occupation and histopathology of lung cancer: A case-control study in Rosario, Argentina. Pezzotto S.M., Poletto L., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.437-443. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Possible causes for the high male age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate in Rosario City, Argentina (62.7 per 100,000) was investigated through a case-control study of 367 male lung cancer patients and 576 controls. The histological distribution detected was: squamous cell carcinoma 39%, adenocarcinoma 34%, small cell carcinoma 13%, and other or no specified cell type 14%. Comparison with the group unlikely to be exposed to occupational carcinogens revealed a 60% increase in risk for the remaining occupations. Risks were high for drivers (odds ratio = 1.9), construction (OR = 2.5) and agricultural workers (OR = 1.8). Concerning squamous cell carcinoma, increased risks were observed in the metal industry, particularly in welders (OR = 2.9) and mechanics (OR = 1.8). Smoking was not a substantial confounding factor. In conclusion, occupational exposures partly account for the high lung cancer mortality rate among male residents of Rosario City. (74234)

CIS 00-111 Workplace risk factors for cancer in the German rubber industry: Part 1 - Mortality from respiratory cancers; Part 2 - Mortality from non-respiratory cancers. Weiland S.K., Chambless L., Werner B., Mundt K.A., Bucher A., Birk T., Keil U., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1998, Vol.55, No.5, p.317-332. Illus. 94 ref. (In English)

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A cohort of active and retired male workers in the German rubber industry was followed for mortality from 1981 to 1991. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for six work areas. SMRs for laryngeal cancer were highest in the material preparation area and were significant among workers employed for more than ten years in this area. Increased mortality rates from lung cancer were identified in three work areas and mortality from pleural cancer was increased in all six areas. Exposure to asbestos is one risk factor for the excess deaths from lung cancer. Mortality from several non-respiratory cancers was also increased in several work areas. (74329)

CIS 00-112 Hernia: Is it a work-related condition?. Kang S.K., Burnett C.A., Freund E., Sestito J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.638-644. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the possible work-relatedness of inguinal hernias by determining hernia incidence according to occupation with the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1994. Hernia incidence rates (per 10,000 workers) for industry and occupation categories were calculated with the estimates of the number of hernias in males and the employed male workers from the Current Population Survey. In 1994, an estimated 30,791 work-related hernias in males were reported by US private establishments. The occupation groups with the highest relative risk were labourers and handlers, machine operators and mechanics and repairers. This provides support for the hypothesis that the hernias are work-related, especially in work involving strenuous, heavy manual labour. (74334)

CIS 00-113 Suicide mortality in the United States: Differentials by industrial and occupational groups. Kposowa A.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.645-652. 39 ref. (In English)

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The objective of this study was to investigate variations in the risk of suicide by industrial and occupational groups in the USA. In estimating the effects of industry and occupation, controls were made for the potentially confounding effects of age, sex, marital status, education, income, and region of residence. It was found that persons employed in mining experienced the highest risk of suicide compared to workers in finance, insurance, and real estate. Elevated risks were also observed among business and repair services, and wholesale and retail trade. When comparisons were made by occupational status, it was found that unskilled workers experienced the highest risk of suicide when compared to farmers, farm managers, and farm workers. The disparities in suicide still remained after the effects of socio-economic and other variables were controlled. (74335)

CIS 00-114 Chronic venous disorders and occupation. Tomei F., Baccolo T.P., Tomao E., Palmi S., Rosati M.V., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.653-665. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

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A targeted questionnaire was administered to 336 male workers (112 industry workers, 120 stoneworkers, and 104 office workers) regarding occupational and extra-occupational risk factors for venous diseases. The workers were clinically examined, and a venous check-up and specific tests were done in clinostatic and orthostatic postures. The prevalence of chronic venous disorders was significantly higher among industrial workers than among stoneworkers and office workers. The results showed a positive relationship between the prevalence of venous diseases and increased age and number of hours spent standing. Considering workers of the same age classes, a higher prevalence of venous diseases was found between those who stood for ≥50% of their shift and those who stood for <50% of the time. The results suggest that professions involving standing, particularly for those standing for >50% of the shift, can influence the development of chronic venous disorders. (74336)

CIS 00-115 Case-referent study on occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in southern Israel. Carel R., Levitas-Langman A., Kordysh E., Goldsmith J., Friger M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.304-308. 29 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate the possible association between occupational exposure and male bladder cancer in the Negev region of southern Israel, 92 bladder cancer patients were studied by interview and compared with 92 males without oncological disease after matching by age and country of origin. The questionnaire was developed to gather information on demography, life-time occupational history, smoking habits, coffee consumption and health status, and the analysis of the data was performed by statistical methods. Significant associations were found between bladder cancer occurrence and occupational exposure to solvents, dusts and multiple chemicals; nephrolithiasis; and cigarette smoking. Certain types of occupational exposure, other than aromatic amines and dyes, may be considered as contributing factors in the epidemiology of bladder cancer. (74339)

CIS 00-116 Exposure assessment of high molecular weight sensitisers: Contribution to occupational epidemiology and disease prevention. Heederik D., Doekes G., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.735-741. Illus. 52 ref. (In English)

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Because exposure to high molecular weight sensitizers could only be evaluated indirectly, few studies have focused on establishing exposure-response relations, and exposure standards have not been established for high molecular weight sensitizers. Epidemiological studies in several industries that used immunoassay for exposure characterization have shown that risk of sensitization increases with increasing exposure to allergens. Several studies have also shown that clear differences in potency seem to exist. Sensitization to rat urinary allergens and fungal α-amylase occurred in the pg/m³ and ng/m³ range. The main research questions of the near future have to focus on the prevention of occupational sensitization. Standard-setting seems possible for some allergens on the basis of available scientific evidence for the existence of exposure response relations. However, assays for characterising exposure to allergens have to be rigorously standardized before they can be used under field conditions. (74355)

CIS 00-117 Development of an expert system for the interpretation of serial peak expiratory flow measurements in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Burge P.S., Pantin C.F.A., Newton D.T., Gannon P.F.G., Bright P., Belcher J., McCoach J., Baldwin D.R., Burge C.B.S.G., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.758-764. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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A computer-assisted diagnostic aid (Oasys) which has been developed to separate occupational from non-occupational causes of airflow obstruction, of which asthma is the most common cause, is described. Oasys-2 achieved a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of at least 94%; therefore peak expiratory flow monitoring combined with Oasys-2 analysis is better to confirm rather than to exclude occupational asthma. Both have been based on expert interpretation of peak flow measurements plotted as daily maximum, mean, and minimum, with the first reading at work taken as the first reading of the day. Oasys has been evaluated with independent criteria against measurements made in a wide range of occupational situations. (74358)

CIS 00-118 Risk of stomach cancer associated with 12 workplace hazards: Analysis of death certificates from 24 states of the United States with the aid of job exposure matrices. Cocco P., Ward M.H., Dosemeci M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.781-787. 20 ref. (In English)

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To investigate the risk of gastric cancer associated with workplace exposures suspected as aetiological agents, a case-control study was conducted based on death certificates in the United States for 1984-96. Each occupation and industry was classified for exposure to asbestos, inorganic dust, metals, lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrogen oxides, nitrosamines, sulphuric acid, fertilisers, herbicides, other pesticides and wood dust. Risk of stomach cancer showed a modest association with exposure to inorganic dust. Exposure to nitrosamines also showed a modest excess risk, but this was even smaller after adjusting for inorganic dust exposure. Risk of gastric cancer was not associated with any of the other workplace exposures. Non-differential misclassification of exposure may have caused negative findings in this study, and inorganic dust may be a partial surrogate for exposure to other unknown risk factors. (74360)

CIS 00-119 Occurrence, trends and environmental etiology of pancreatic cancer. Weiderpass E., Partanen T., Kaaks R., Vainio H., Porta M., Kauppinen T., Ojajärvi A., Boffetta P., Malats N., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.165-174. 215 ref. (In English)

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This review summarizes data on the occurrence, the trends, and the life-style, environmental, occupational and genetic determinants of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiologic evidence implicates tobacco smoking as one cause. The evidence regarding alcohol consumption is inconsistent. Although both positive and inconclusive findings are encountered, the bulk of the evidence on coffee consumption is negative. Fat intake is linked with obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Fruit and vegetable consumption appears to be protective. No occupational or environmental agent has been confirmed to increase the risk, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Little is known about the role of genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes in pancreas carcinogenesis, and evidence associating mutations with life-style factors is still scant and inconsistent. (74366)

CIS 00-120 Epidemiology of occupational and environmental risk factors related to ovarian cancer. Shen N., Weiderpass E., Anttila A., Goldberg M.S., Vasama-Neuvonen K.M., Boffetta P., Vainio H.U., Partanen T.J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.175-182. 98 ref. (In English)

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Articles published during 1970-1997 from 48 epidemiologic studies on occupational and environmental risk factors of ovarian cancer are reviewed. The moderate amount of data on nurses, teachers, professionals, dry cleaning employees, women in agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacists, waitresses, and cooks show very little, if any, evidence of excess risk. Hairdressers, beauticians, and women employed in the printing industry may be at increased risk, but the data are insufficient for strong conclusions. Few high-quality studies have been carried out and no chemical agents have been studied extensively, with the exception of exposure to talc. Ovarian cancer may have occupational and environmental etiologies intertwined with cultural, behavioral, and life-style factors and genetic susceptibility, but current knowledge is insufficient to quantify occupational and environmental aetiologies reliably. (74367)

CIS 00-121 Lumbar disc hernias and work. (French: Hernies discales lombaires et travail) Araszkiewirz G., Méry B., Tumerelle E., Hoornweg C., Colas des Francs G., Fuks J.J., Derriennic F., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1999, No.77, p.3-19. 43 ref. (In French)

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Topics: age-linked differences; case-control study; disc lesions; lumbar column; materials handling; non-occupational factors; questionnaire survey; risk factors; sex-linked differences; subjective assessment; work posture. (74467)

CIS 00-122 Inclusion of gastrointestinal diseases in the evaluation of occupational diseases. (German: Die Umsetzung gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen in die Begutachtung von Berufskrankheiten) Schäcke G., Kirchhoff R., Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Sep. 1999, Vol.49, No.9, p.342-347. 17 ref. (In German)

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In occupational medicine, recognition of gastrointestinal diseases appears uncertain. However, numerous factors associated with workplaces can be related to gastrointestinal symptoms and syndromes. Work at height can cause nausea and vomiting. Work at high temperatures can affect the liver. Inhalation of fluorine may injure the mucous membranes in the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach. Yet it is generally difficult to prove the connections, because few studies on the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and hazards existing at workplaces are available. The absence of non-invasive diagnostic tools also makes early diagnosis difficult. (74472)

CIS 00-123 Occurrence and prevention of coal miners' pneumoconiosis in Poland. Marek K., Lebecki K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.610-617. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Coal production is one of the largest industries in Poland and incidence of coal miners' pneumoconiosis is high. Epidemiological data are derived from the national register of occupational diseases and from previous investigations performed in Poland. Analysis of dust concentration measurements shows that occupational exposure limits are exceeded in 90% of underground workplaces. The number of new pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed annually ranges from 400 to 800 and has been showing a diminishing tendency in the last five years. Recently, a new system of medical and technical prevention has been introduced in seven collieries. Nevertheless pneumoconiosis prevention needs to be improved throughout the sector. (74331)

CIS 00-124 Cancer incidence in Republic of Bulgaria aircrew, 1964-1994. Milanov L., Dimitrov D., Danon S., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.70, No.7, p.681-685. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Cancer incidence was calculated for civil aviation aircrew and Bulgarian Air Force pilots, using Bulgarian cancer incidence data for the same age groups of the male population over 1964-1996. Results showed a considerable difference in the structure of cancer among male pilots compared to that among the general male population in Bulgaria. While cancer of the respiratory system has the greatest incidence among the civil population, cancer of the bladder has the greatest incidence among pilots, followed by testicular and skin cancer. For the period under consideration there is a lower risk of malignant diseases in pilots compared to the rest of the population. There is a higher risk of testicular cancer only in civil aviation pilots. For Air Force aircrew there is a 10-fold higher risk of bladder cancer compared to that for the rest of the population. Cancer incidence is higher among pilots in the 20-40 year age group. For the remaining age groups, cancer incidence among the civil population is approximately 2.5 times higher. (74290)

CIS 00-125 Case-series investigation of intracranial neoplasms at a petrochemical research facility. Delzell E., Beall C., Rodu B., Lees P.S.J., Breysse P.N., Cole P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.450-458. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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A case series of 17 intracranial neoplasms among 6,800 employees of a petrochemical research facility is described. Overall, there were 17 observed and 10.5 expected intracranial neoplasms, including 11/4.7 benign intracranial tumors and 6/5.9 brain cancers. All the brain cancers occurred among male research scientists or technicians. Four had worked at some time on the same floor of one building (standardized incidence ratio = 12.6), and several had worked on a research project with at least one other brain cancer case. The benign intracranial neoplasm cases did not have common building assignments or work activities. The occurrence pattern of brain cancers, but not that of benign tumors, suggests a possible occupational aetiology. (74236)

CIS 00-126 Occupational medicine in Taiwan. Guo Y.L., Wu T.N., Liou S.H., Wang J.D., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.419-428. 29 ref. (In English)

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Topics: cancer; cardiovascular diseases; dermatitis; diseases of nervous system; foreign workers; haemic and lymphatic diseases; hepatic diseases; lead poisoning; legal aspects; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational diseases; occupational hygiene; occupational medicine; plant safety and health organization; research; respiratory diseases; role of government; safety and health institutions; small enterprises; statistics; Taiwan (China); training of OSH personnel. (74241)

CIS 00-127 Recent changes in occupational medicine in the Netherlands. Weel A.N.H., van der Beck A.J., Kroon P.J., Verbeek J.H.A.M., van Dijk F.J.H., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.285-291. 10 ref. (In English)

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The Netherlands is confronted with particularly high levels of absenteeism and disability. The resulting focus on sickness absence management in many companies is associated with changes in the tasks and position of the occupational physician. Quality of occupational health care is not always as high as it should. However, the post-academic education programme, with special attention for training of skills, is increasingly adapted to occupational physicians working in a commercial environment. Cooperation between different professionals has become increasingly common, resulting in a more comprehensive support for companies. Efforts are being made for better cooperation with general practitioners and medical specialists. The priorities for future research are set on studies regarding implementation and evaluation of interventions, especially cost-benefit analysis as well as work stress and musculoskeletal disorders. (74337)

CIS 00-128 Determination of work-related health hazards through the use of absenteeism data. (German: Mit Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdaten arbeitsbedingte Gesundheitsgefahren erkennen) Bödeker W., Die BKK, June 1999, Vol.87, No.6, p.304-312. Illus. (In German)

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In a collaborative programme between German health insurers and the Federation of Professional and Trade Associations, work-related health hazards were evaluated from absenteeism data and by comparing these data with occupational exposure data. A statistical evaluation was performed by fitting the data to standardized job groups and groups of diseases, and accounting for confounding factors such as education, length of employment, working hours, gender, and age. (74471)

CIS 00-129 Why and how to control for age in occupational epidemiology. Consonni D., Bertazzi P.A., Zochetti C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.772-776. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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The issue of age as a potential confounding factor in occupational epidemiology is explored. It is concluded that in most situations age is important as a potential confounder and should be controlled to avoid a distortion in the effect estimate. Age, in other instances, can affect the mode of action of a given exposure, and in these instances it should not be treated as extraneous, rather its interaction with exposure should be explicitly considered in analysis and interpretation of results. In studies lasting for long periods, analytical techniques should make allowance for aging, which is in itself an indicator of the time related changing risk of many diseases. Finally, age is one of the reasons why relative risks are more commonly used as effect measures rather than risk differences: the relative risks have greater stability over age strata. (74321)

CIS 00-130 Occupational disease - Harmful effects - Conjunction with work - Scientific documentation as the basis for insurance medical assessments in occupational disorders (6 injury categories). Westerholm P., ed., National Institute for Working Life, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 196p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-7045-311-X (In English)

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Topics: cancer; cardiovascular diseases; compensation of occupational diseases; harmful substances; hearing loss; lung diseases; neurological effects; occupation disease relation; occupational diseases; pleural diseases; skin diseases. (74457)

CIS 00-131 Airway obstruction: First aid. (Spanish: Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias: primeros auxilios) Moliné Marco J.L., Solé Gomez M.D., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: children; data sheet; expectant mothers; first aid; first-aid training; foreign bodies; obesity; obstructive ventilatory impairment; physiology of respiratory system; Spain. (74277)

CIS 00-132 First aid: Haemorrhage and shock. (Spanish: Primeros auxilios: hemorragias y shock) Moliné Marco J.L., Solé Gomez M.D., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: cardiovascular disorders; circulating blood volume; data sheet; first aid; first-aid training; haemorrhage; physiology of cardiovascular system; shock following injury; Spain. (74279)

CIS 00-133 Health surveillance in the context of occupational safety and health regulations. (Spanish: La vigilancia de la salud en la normativa de prevención de riesgos laborales) Solé Gómez M.D., Piqué Ardanuy T., Bultó Nubiola M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: comment on directive; comment on law; data sheet; legislation; medical supervision; periodic medical examinations; pre-employment medical examinations; responsibilities of employers; Spain. (74201)

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CIS 00-134 Work-related respiratory disorders and farming characteristics among cattle farmers in Northern Germany. Radon K., Opravil U., Hartung J., Szadkowski D., Nowak D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.444-449. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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1,735 farmers were visited on their farms in Northern Germany and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire on work-related respiratory symptoms and farming details. 84.6% of the farmers were cattle farmers. The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms was 40.3%. A low prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms were shown to be significantly associated with ventilation via the wall of the cattle house (dds ratio = 0.57), feeding of cattle once daily (OR = 0.53), and plant crop (OR = 0.75). Farmers living inland showed a significantly higher prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.34). The use of ventilation via the wall might be recommended for new cattle houses in regions with warm winters. (74235)

CIS 00-135 Work pace control and pregnancy health in a population-based sample of employed women in Norway. Wegeland E., Strand K., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.206-212. 40 ref. (In English)

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Pregnancy health, defined by the prevalence of preeclampsia, disabling posterior pelvic pain, low-back pain, and birthweight of <2,500g for the offspring was studied in a population of pregnant women with paid work beyond the 3rd month of pregnancy. Pregnancy health improved with increasing power to control workpace, measured as self-reported influence on breaks and work pace and absence of external pacing, in both manual and nonmanual work. Risks decreased with increasing control for all four pregnancy outcomes, but the impact on birthweight was restricted to nullipara. In a comparison with women with the highest level of control, the adjusted odds ratios for women with no control were 1.6 for preeclampsia, 1.6 for disabling posterior pelvic pain, 1.3 for low-back pain, and 2.5 for low birthweight (nullipara). The results suggest increased individual control over work pace as a prime target for job adjustment during pregnancy. (74369)

CIS 00-136 Lumbar disorders among health care workers. (French: Pathologies lombaires dans les professions de soins) Meyer J.P., Gary Y., Lafaurie S., Leprince A., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1999, No.77, p.35-41. (In French)

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Topics: back disorders; backache; compensation of occupational diseases; conference; ergonomics; health care personnel; manual lifting; radiological diagnosis; risk factors; workload assessment. (74468)

CIS 00-137 Occupational exposure and cancer incidence among workers from an aluminium smelter in western Norway. Rønneberg A., Haldorsen T., Romundstad P., Andersen A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1999, Vol.25, No.3, p.207-214. 28 ref. (In English)

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Associations between specific cancers and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asbestos, electromagnetic fields and heat were studied in a cohort of Norwegian aluminum smelter workers. A positive association was found between bladder cancer and PAH exposure 30 years or more before observation for the production cohort. Results also suggest an association between PAH and pancreatic cancer, although this is not statistically significant. In the maintenance cohort there was a positive association between employment as an electrician and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer, and a non-significant association between PAH and lung cancer. Short-term workers showed a statistically significant excess of lung cancer. The results support previous findings of an association between exposure to PAH and bladder cancer. (74362)

CIS 00-138 Planning for safer construction projects. Halsey G.J., Occupational Hazards, Aug. 1999, Vol.61, No.8, p.43-44; 46-48. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: building industry; check lists; construction sites; hazard evaluation; hazard identification; plant safety and health organization; risk awareness; safety by design; safety consultants; safety planning; subcontractors. (74217)

CIS 00-139 Comparison of accident risks in different energy systems: How acceptable?. Hirschberg S., Strupczewski A., IAEA Bulletin, Mar. 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.25-30. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: cancer; comparative analysis; cost of accidents; delayed effects; electric power generation; fatalities; hazard evaluation; hydroelectric power stations; liquefied petroleum gas; major hazards; mining industry; natural gas; nuclear power stations; risk factors; thermal power stations; transport. (74282)

CIS 00-140 A flying start. Chiodini J., Occupational Health, June 1999, Vol.51, No.6, p.24-25. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Preventive health care for frequent business travellers. Topics: cost of diseases; economic aspects; plant health organization; sickness absenteeism; transport of persons; tropical diseases; vaccination. (74240)

CIS 00-141 Glue spraying in the upholstered furniture industry: Presentation of a holistic approach to improve work conditions. (German: Sprühkleben in der Polstermöbelherstellung: Vorstellung eines ganzheitlichen Ansatzes zur Entwicklung der Arbeitsbedingungen) Schimberg R.W., Sillanpää J.E., Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft, Oct. 1999, Vol.59, No.10, p.381-385. Illus. 19 ref. (In German)

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In a questionnaire survey of 13 female glue sprayers in four different work stations in a upholstered furniture factory in Finland, over half complained of high noise and dust exposures. All the workers experienced pain in the shoulder and half of them had pain in the fingers, hand, wrist, neck and back. In addition, they complained about being restricted to a narrow space and about heavy work. Substituting the solvent-based glue with a water-based glue increased the dust concentrations. An optimized workplace design taking into account the results of the study is described. (74473)

CIS 00-142 The automobile industry faced with an ageing workforce. (French: L'industrie automobile face au vieillissement) Larané A., Travail et sécurité, June 1999, No.585, p.22-28. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: age; backache; ergonomic evaluation; ergonomics; job study; motor vehicle industry; musculoskeletal diseases; physical workload; upper extremity disorders; work organization; work posture; workplace design. (74464)

CIS 00-143 Fatal injuries in farming, forestry and agriculture 1998-1999. Health and Safety Executive, Field Operations Directorate, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, July 1999. vi, 55p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: accident descriptions; agriculture; causes of accidents; children; falls of persons; fatalities; forestry; horticulture; location of injury; occupational accidents; report; statistical trends; statistics; time of accident; United Kingdom. (74252)

CIS 00-144 Occupational hazards in nursing. (Portuguese: Riscos do trabalho de enfermagem) Bulhões I., Júlion C. Reis Livraria, Trav. do Ouvidor 36 - 2° andar, 20040 040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2nd ed., 1998. 278p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. (In Portuguese)

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2nd edition of CIS 94-1618. A thorough survey of the occupational hazards faced by nurses, with particular attention paid to the situation in Brazil. Contents: generalities (including extracts from ILO Recommendation 157 - See CIS 78-1174); the high level of risks in nursing; ergonomic aspects; personal factors (age, physical capacity, compensatory mechanisms, body dimensions, particular issues connected with the fact that nurses are generally women, hazards affecting reproductive health); factors of work difficulty (physical workload and its effect on health, mental and psychic workload and its effects); biological, chemical (including wastes) and physical (radioactivity, lasers) hazards in the hospital environment. (74411)

CIS 00-145 Precarious employment and health-related outcomes in the European Union. Benavides F.G., Benach J., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland, 1999. xii, 61p. Illus. Price: EUR 16.00., ISBN 92-828-2206-0 (In English)

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Topics: backache; economic aspects; European Communities; fatigue; job dissatisfaction; musculoskeletal diseases; neuropsychic stress; non-permanent workers; part-time employment; report; sickness absenteeism; small enterprises; state of health; temporary workers; unemployment. (74251)

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CIS 00-146 New technologies in the use of exhaled breath analysis for biological monitoring. Wilson H.K., Monster A.C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.753-757. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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Breath analysis is an attractive non-invasive procedure for screening workers exposed to solvents. Recent advances are reviewed to try to assess what developments might now contribute to the increased use of breath analysis in biological monitoring. In particular, the development of a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer for real time direct analysis of trace gases in breath, and the more immediately available and less expensive indirect methods involving collection devices with adsorbent tubes is important. The introduction of guidance values for biological monitoring with clear advice on sampling times and the recognition of the importance of quality assurance programmes will help improve confidence in the technique. (74357)

CIS 00-147 Producing Lego bricks is not a game. (French: Fabriquer des Lego, c'est pas un jeu) Taverne A., Travail et sécurité, Feb. 1999, No.581, p.2-9. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: automation; conditions of work; motivation; plant safety organization; robots; role of management; toy industry; work organization; work posture; workbreaks; workplace design. (74481)

CIS 00-148 Applications of new technology in molecular epidemiology and their relevance to occupational medicine. Koh D., Seow A., Ong C.N., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.725-729. 49 ref. (In English)

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Technical advances in molecular biology are described which, combined with epidemiological methods, can shed light on understanding the biological processes associated with disease development. As end users, OEM practitioners should consider the impact of these advances on their practices. The availability of genetic tests to identify susceptible workers raises issues of ethics, individual privacy, right to work, and the relevance of such tests. Several studies have presented data on the association of environmental measurements and various biomarkers for internal and biologically effective dose, genetic polymorphisms, and early response markers. Given the limitations of individual molecular biomarkers in assessing risk to health, and the multifactorial nature of environmental disease, such an approach will increase understanding of the complex issue of mechanisms of disease and further refine the process of risk assessment. (74353)

CIS 00-149 Problems of a continuous change: A follow-up study (1988-1994) in a FMS factory. Vartiainen M., Teikari V., Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Summer 1998, Vol.8, No.3, p.197-214. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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The economic and sociotechnical changes in a factory workshop during 1988-1994 are described. A large flexible manufacturing system (FMS) project was realized during the first two years, and finished on schedule. The project was designed and carried out in a participative manner involving all personnel in the development groups. The follow-up study shows that the goals concerning productivity of the workshop and personnel well-being were mainly achieved. There were two main phases in the development: a quick and profound change during the first two years, and a more stable, "freezing" phase after it. Challenges, problems, and hindrances to making the development continuous are also discussed. (74284)

CIS 00-150 Complex systems: No safety without humans. (French: Systèmes complexes: pas de sécurité sans homme) Larané A., Travail et sécurité, Apr. 1999, No.583, p.2-9. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: accident-design relationship; automation; design of equipment; human factors; human failure; man-machine interfaces; microprocessor control systems; reliability; robots; safe working methods; safety engineers. (74484)

CIS 00-151 General introduction to risks of technological hazards. Gupta K.C., Industrial Safety Chronicle, Jan.-Mar. 1999, Vol.29, No.4, p.23-27. 2 ref. (In English)

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Topics: disasters; economic aspects; glossary; hazard evaluation; major hazards; new technologies; psychology and sociology; social aspects; statistics; supply of information. (74299)

CIS 00-152 The use of computers in safety-critical applications. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. xiv, 98p. Illus. 58 ref. Price: GBP 14.50., ISBN 0-7176-1620-7 (In English)

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Topics: aircraft industry; computer applications; computer-assisted control; human factors; major hazards; man-computer interfaces; nuclear power stations; rail transport; reliability; safety engineering; United Kingdom. (74401)

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CIS 00-153 Measurement of human exposure to biologically relevant fractions of inhaled aerosols. Cherrie J.W., Aitken R.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.747-752. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

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Attempts to standardize the fraction of aerosol that is sampled so that it roughly corresponds to the fraction penetrating to sections of the respiratory tract are highlighted. During the past decade there has been international agreement on the definitions for the inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions and instruments have been developed to collect samples according to these conventions, and these measurement techniques are now well established in the workplace. Moving to biologically relevant size fractions is desirable for obtaining measurements of multiple size fractions for some aerosols. Measurement of lead is used as an example. Also, passive aerosol sampling techniques may enable measurements of exposure to be made over several weeks and this would also help improve the reliability of the risk evaluation for aerosol toxicants with a long biological half life. However, further development of these techniques is required if they are to be practicable and biologically relevant. (74356)

CIS 00-154 Blood lead levels among children of lead-exposed workers: A meta-analysis. Roscoe R.J., Gittleman J.L., Deddens J.A., Petersen M.R., Halperin W.E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.475-481. 30 ref. (In English)

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Blood lead levels among U.S. children (ages 1-5) from households with lead-exposed workers was estimated in order to assess the utility of targeted blood lead level screening for such children. All reports of take-home lead exposure in the USA which included data on venous blood lead levels for children, children's ages, data for at least five children, workers' occupations, workers' blood lead levels, and data collection methods, were studied. The children of lead-exposed workers had a geometric mean blood lead level of 9.3µg/dL compared to a U.S. population geometric mean of 3.6µg/dL. Also in this group, 52% of the children had blood lead levels (BLLs) > 10µg/dL compared to 8.9% in the USA in general, and 21% of the children had BLLs > 20µg/dL compared to 1.1% in general. It is estimated that there are about 48,000 families with children under six years of age living with household members occupationally exposed to lead. About half of the young children in these families may have BLLs > 10µg/dL. Findings support the position that children of lead-exposed workers should be targeted for blood lead screening. (74238)

CIS 00-155 Urinary cotinine concentration in flight attendants, in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during intercontinental flights. Lindgren T., Willers S., Skarping G., Norbäck D., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.475-479. 35 ref. (In English)

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24 cabin attendants (C/A) and one pilot, all non-smokers and without exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home, were studied in order to measure and compare urinary cotinine concentration (U-cotinine) before, during and after work on intercontinental flights with exposure to ETS. Information on age, gender and occupation was gathered, as well as possible sources of ETS exposure in other places, outside work and during previous flights, during a 3-day period prior to the investigation. Urine samples were taken before departure, on board, and after landing. The median U-cotonine was 3.71µg/g crea before departure and 6.37µg/g crea after landing. Tobacco smoking in commercial aircraft may cause significant exposure to ETS among C/A working in the aft galley, despite high air exchange rates and spatial separation between smokers and non-smokers. Since smoking in commercial aircraft may result in an involuntary exposure to ETS among non-smokers, it should be avoided. (74246)

CIS 00-156 Background on the system of integral evaluation of human exposure to toxic substances in the work and municipal environments. Dutkiewicz T., Kończalik J, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, July-Sep. 1999, Vol.12, No.3, p.263-271. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

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The means of evaluation of combined exposures to toxic chemicals in the work, natural and home environments is described. A system of integrated evaluation of human exposure should take account of all toxic substances occurring in all environmental media (air, water, soil and food), and all routes through which they enter the human body. An integrated evaluation means that it is necessary to develop different exposure scenarios based on dose intake or derived values. Based on toxicological criteria (irritants, short-term and non-cumulative; systemic effets; long-term, carcinogenic, genotoxic, etc.), calculated exposure indicators can be standardized and aggregated, and converted into combined exposure indices. The index value will reflect the level of combined exposure. (74293)

CIS 00-157 The hazards of chrysotile asbestos: A critical review. Landrigan P.J., Nicholson W.J., Suzuki Y., Ladou J., Industrial Health, July 1999, Vol.37, No.3, p.271-280. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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The International Agency for Research on Cancer has declared chrysotile asbestos a proven human carcinogen. Sales of chrysotile asbestos have virtually ended in Western Europe and North America, but sales remain strong in Japan, across Asia and in developing nations worldwide. The claim has been made that chrysotile asbestos can be used "safely" under "certain conditions" in those nations. That claim is not accurate. The Collegium Ramazzini, an international learned society in environmental and occupational medicine, has called for an immediate worldwide ban on all sales and uses of all forms of asbestos including chrysotile. The rationale for this ban is Threefold: (1) safer substitute materials are readily available; (2) "controlled" use of asbestos is not possible; and (3) the health risks of asbestos are not acceptable in either industrialized or newly industrializing nations. (74295)

CIS 00-158 Occupational exposure to lead - Granulometric distribution of airborne lead in relation to risk assessment. Carelli G., Masci O., Altieri A., Castellino N., Industrial Health, July 1999, Vol.37, No.3, p.313-321. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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The Permissible Exposure Limit for lead of 50µg/m³ set by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is based on a number of assumptions, including that which predicts that the first 12.5µg/m³ are made up of fine particles of less than 1µm diameter and the remaining 12.5mgg/m³ consist of particles >1µm. Occupational exposure to airborne lead at a concentration of 50µg/m³ and a granulometric distribution as above leads to a mean blood level of 40µg/m³. The validity of OSHA's assumption was tested in a factory that manufactured crystal glassware containing 24% lead oxide. Results indicate that the assumption cannot be considered valid in the work environment investigated in this study and that lead absorption levels in exposed workers may be noticeably different from those predicted by the OSHA model. It is therefore essential to integrate total airborne lead concentration with a measurement of the granulometric distribution of the aerosol. (74297)

CIS 00-159 Environmental measurements of total dust and fiber concentration in manufacturer and user of man-made mineral fibers. Kim J.H., Chang H.S., Kim K.Y., Park W.M., Lee Y.J., Choi H.C., Kim K.A., Lim Y., Industrial Health, July 1999, Vol.37, No.3, p.322-328. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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In Korea, many small factories manufacture and use man-made mineral fibres (MMMFs) without any special evaluation of environmental measurements, and an accurate number of Korean workers exposed to MMMFs is not known. The working environment of several processes in factories manufacturing filament glass fibre and glass wool and of those using rock wool were therefore evaluated for total dust and fibre concentration. Results showed no difference of fibre concentration by type of industry or process, but differences between workplaces. Fibre concentration was highest in factories using rock wool. Most dust and fibre concentrations were below the threshold limit of 1f/cm³ at various industries and working processes. Data showed a slight relationship between total dust and fibre concentration. (74298)

CIS 00-160 Comprehensive evaluation of long term trends in occupational exposure: Part 1 - Description of the data base; Part 2 - Predictive models for declining exposures. Symanski E., Kupper L.L., Rappaport S.M., Hertz-Picciotto I., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1998, Vol.55, No.5, p.300-316. Illus. 189 ref. (In English)

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Studies reporting historical changes in exposure were reviewed. Analysis of exposure data shows that occupational exposures are generally lower today than they were years or decades ago. However, such trends seem to have been affected by factors related to the contaminant as well as to the period and type of sampling. Results of univariable analysis suggest that exposures declined more rapidly in manufacturing than in mining, more rapidly for aerosol contaminants than for vapours and more rapidly when biological, rather than airborne, monitoring was conducted. By identifying factors that have affected rates of reduction in a consistent fashion, results should guide investigators in estimating historical levels in studies of exposure-response relations. (74328)

CIS 00-161 Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure. Schneider T., Vermeulen R., Brouwer D.H., Cherrie J.W., Kromhout H., Fogh C.L., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.765-773. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

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A consistent terminology based on a multicompartment model is proposed that describes the transport of contaminant mass from the source of the hazardous substance to the surface of the skin. With the model structure, examples are given of what some existing methods actually measure and where there are limited, or no methods for measuring the relevant mass in a compartment or transport of mass. The importance of measuring the concentration of contaminant and not mass per area in the skin contaminant layer is stressed, as it is the concentration difference between the skin contamination layer and the perfused tissue that drives uptake. Methods for measuring uptake are currently not available. Measurement of mass, concentration, and the transport processes must be based on a theoretical model. Standardisation of methods of measurement of dermal exposure is strongly recommended. (74359)

CIS 00-162 Evaluation of carbon monoxide exposure in an integrated coal chemical industry. Sarkar T.K., Banerjee K.K., Sarkar A.K., Samanta A., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999, Vol.5, No.1, p.50-53. 10 ref. (In English)

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An evaluation study of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure of workers in an integrated coal chemical industry was carried out. The highest mean environmental CO level was found to be 425ppm at the producer gas plant, whereas the mean minimum level was measured at 14.3ppm at pocking zones. In lock-hopper zones, the highest mean CO concentration was 338.7ppm during charging time. In the retort house, the mean CO level was 285ppm during charging time. The mean carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) level of producer gas plant employees was 5.84, whereas the level was found to be 4.93 in employees working in the retort house. These values were significantly altered in comparison to controls (mean level of 1.66). Results indicate significant exposure to CO in both the producer gas plant and the retort house, which caused different clinical manifestations in the employees. (74372)

CIS 00-163 Pesticides. Ngowi A.V.F., Partenen T., Mbakaya C.F.L, Ohayo-Mitoko G., Mfitumukiza D., Yousefi V.O., Maroni M., Colosio C, Fait A., Visentin S., Kangas J., Tuomainen A., Lekei E.E., Mndeme R.R., African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 1999, Vol.9, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Topics: Africa; control of issue of dangerous materials; developing countries; enforcement; fungicides; harmful substances; herbicides; insecticides; licensing of undertakings; medical supervision; notification of dangerous substances; personal protective equipment; pesticides; qualifications; South Africa; statistics; Tanzania, United Rep. of. (74389)

CIS 00-164 Exposure to vanadium, hazards and evaluation. (Spanish: Exposición al vanadio, riesgos y valoraciones) Díaz González P.M., Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 1999, No.147, p.7-15. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: vanadium; gastrointestinal diseases; hazard evaluation; health hazards; implementation of control measures; neurotoxic effects; obstructive ventilatory impairment; silicosis; toxic substances; toxicology; uses; vanadium and compounds. (74418)

CIS 00-165 Evaluation of exposure to mixtures of chemical agents having synergistic effects - A proposed statistical method. (Spanish: Valoración de la exposición a mezclas de agentes químicos con efectos aditivos - Propuesta de un método estadístico) Laborda Grima R., Balasch Parisi S., Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 1999, No.147, p.35-42. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chemical products; description of technique; exposure evaluation; mathematical analysis; mixtures; statistical evaluation; synergism; threshold limit values. (74419)

CIS 00-166 Reduced bone formation after exposure to organophosphates. Compston J.E., Vedi S., Stephen A.B., Bord S., Lyons A.R., Hodges S.J., Scammell B.E., Lancet, Nov. 1999, Vol.354, No.9192, p.1791-1792. 5 ref. (In English)

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In an earlier study, agricultural workers with chronic exposure to organophosphates (OPs) through sheep-dipping showed lower bone mineral density compared to normal values. In this study, bone biopsy samples were obtained from 24 agricultural workers seeking litigation for ill-health caused by chronic exposure to OPs, and compared with 24 controls, both groups having participated in the earlier study. Histomorphometric analysis showed significantly lower bone formation at tissue and cellular level than in healthy controls. The presence of acetylcholinesterase in the bone matrix provides a possible explanation for the OP-induced effects in bone. (74197)

CIS 00-167 Hand dermatitis in a prospectively-followed cohort of hairdressing apprentices: Final results of the POSH study. Uter W., Pfahlberg A., Gefeller O., Schwanitz H.J., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.280-286. 20 ref. (In English)

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The risk of developing occupational irritant hand dermatitis was evaluated in respect to constitution (atopy) and occupational exposure among 2,352 hairdressing apprentices in vocational training schools in northwest Germany. Unprotected wet work of more than 2h per day was the major significant risk factor. Low ambient absolute humidity was equally associated with a significantly increased risk. Compared to the youngest age group, risk diminished with increasing age. Constitutional risk factors were difficult to evaluate because of selective dropout of atopic participants. The most beneficial factors for primary prevention appear to be a population approach, improvement of working conditions and skin protection for all exposed persons. (74214)

CIS 00-168 IgE-mediated RAST-negative occupational protein contact dermatitis from taxonomically unrelated fish species. Kanerva L., Pajari-Backas M., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.295-296. 14 ref. (In English)

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Topics: case study; cooking; eczema; fingers; fish; hand; immunoglobulins; proteins; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests. (74215)

CIS 00-169 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in water-pipe renovators from diethylenetriamine in an epoxy resin system. Reed J., Shaw S., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1999, Vol.41, No.5, p.297. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: diethylenetriamine; case study; eczema; epoxy resins; hand; repair work; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests; water supply. (74216)

CIS 00-170 Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in Germany. Brüske-Hohlfeld I., Möhner M., Ahrens W., Pohlabeln H., Heinrich J., Kreuzer M., Jöckel K.H., Wichmann H.E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.405-414. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

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The association between occupational exposure to diesel motor emissions (DME) and lung cancer risk was studied by comparing cases with histologically or cytologically ascertained lung cancer in Germany and corresponding controls. Information about lifelong occupational and smoking history was obtained by questionnaire. Drivers of lorries, buses, taxis, diesel locomotives and forklift trucks, bulldozers, graders, excavators, and tractors were considered as exposed to DME and their cumulative exposure was estimated. The evaluation of lung cancer risk for all jobs with DME-exposure combined showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.43. Most pronounced was the increase in lung cancer risk in heavy equipment operators (OR = 2.31). The risk of tractor drivers increased with length of employment and reached statistical significance for exposures longer than 30 years (OR = 6.81). The group of professional drivers showed an increased risk in West Germany (OR = 1.44), but not in East Germany (OR = 0.83). DME exposure in other traffic-related jobs was associated with an odds ratio of 1.53. (74231)

CIS 00-171 Diesel exhaust and lung cancer mortality in potash mining. Säverin R., Bräunlich A., Dahmann D., Enderlein G., Heuchert G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.415-422. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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The association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to diesel exhaust was investigated in a cohort of 5,536 male potash miners who were followed from 1970 to 1994. Quantitative exposure was assessed from concentration measurements of the total carbon in personal dust samples, multiplied by years of exposure. Work histories and smoking habit data were obtained from medical company records. During the follow-up period, 424 deaths were recorded, including 133 of cancer, 38 of lung cancer. The relative risk of lung cancer between groups with high and low exposure was 2.2. With Cox regression, a relative risk of 1.7 for lung cancer after twenty years of exposure was found. Smoking was not a confounding factor. The principal finding is a doubling of relative lung cancer risk after twenty years of exposure in the workplaces with highest exposure. However, the observed elevation is nonsignificant even at a 90% level. Further follow-up is intended to enhance the study power. (74232)

CIS 00-172 Mortality among chemical plant workers exposed to acrylonitrile and other substances. Marsh G.M., Gula M.J., Youk A.O., Schall L.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.423-436. 52 ref. (In English)

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The association between exposure to acrylonitrile (AN) and cancer mortality was studied for a cohort of workers from a chemical plant. Worker exposures were estimated quantitatively for AN and qualitatively for nitrogen products. No statistically significant excess mortality risks were observed among the total cohort for cancers of the stomach, lung, breast, prostate, brain, and hematopoietic system. A statistically significant bladder cancer excess was observed, based on four deaths (SMR = 7.01) among workers not exposed to AN. Among 518 AN-exposed workers, an excess of lung cancer was observed based on external (SMR = 1.32) and internal (RR = 1.98) comparisons. With the possible exception of lung cancer, little evidence was found that exposure to AN at levels experienced by these workers is associated with an increased risk of death from any cause including the implicated cancer sites. (74233)

CIS 00-173 Current diagnostic methods for diisocyanate induced occupational asthma. Bernstein D.I., Jolly A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1999, Vol.36, No.4, p.459-468. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

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Accurate diagnosis of diisocyanate asthma requires a systematic approach that combines information obtained from the occupational history, immunologic tests and physiologic studies. Recommended methods for evaluation of diisocyanate asthma are similar to approaches for other causative agents. Serologic assays of specific IgE are specific but insensitive diagnostic markers of diisocyanate asthma. If possible, workers should be evaluated, while at work, in order to demonstrate work-related changes in lung function associated with diisocyanate exposures. Specific bronchoprovocation challenge testing with diisocyanates, is reserved for situations where the diagnosis cannot be confirmed at work. Such tests can be performed safely but should be conducted exclusively at specialized centres by experienced personnel. Published diagnostic guidelines for occupational asthma are directly applicable to the evaluation of diisocyanate asthma. (74237)

CIS 00-174 Critical review of the epidemiology literature on the potential cancer risks of methylene chloride. Dell L.D., Mundt K.A., McDonald M., Tritschler J.P., Mundt D.J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.429-442. 40 ref. (In English)

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Literature survey with the aim of critically reviewing and summarizing the epidemiological evidence published to date on the carcinogenicity of dichloromethane to humans. Papers for review were identified through the US National Library of Medicine's Medline. Studies were classified according to three categories. Primary studies focused on the association between dichloromethane and cancer among occupational cohorts primarily exposed to dichloromethane. Secondary studies identified dichloromethane a priori as a potential exposure of interest, and which was either characterized or described for exposed workers separately. Tertiary studies evaluated cohorts either minimally exposed or presumed exposed to dichloromethane but for which no exposure estimation or separate classification was made. Continued follow-up of the established cohorts may elucidate the few and inconsistent relationships reported to date. However, it appears likely that risks associated with exposure, if any, are small and limited to rare cancers. (74242)

CIS 00-175 Prevention of occupational allergy caused by exposure to acid anhydrides. Yokota K., Takeshita T., Morimoto K., Industrial Health, July 1999, Vol.37, No.3, p.281-288. 53 ref. (In English)

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The prevention of IgE-mediated symptoms of the eyes and airways caused by exposure to acid anhydrides in the workplace is described. Heavy exposure to acid anhydrides causes severe irritation. However, reports of direct irritation of the mucous membranes or skin are rare in recent years, since a package of multiple engineering controls has been introduced to reduce exposure. On the other hand, acid anhydrides are well-known industrial inhalant sensitizers and can cause occupational allergy even at very low exposure intensities. Therefore, safe use in industry demands both control of the level of exposure causing allergic diseases in the workshop and programmes for prevention of occupational allergy. (74296)

CIS 00-176 Occupational exposure to carcinogens and risk of lung cancer: Results from the Netherlands cohort study. van Loon A.J.M., Kant I.J., Swaen G.M.H., Goldbohm R.A., Kremer A.M., van den Brandt P.A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.817-824. 45 ref. (In English)

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A prospective cohort study on diet, other lifestyle factors, job history and cancer risk was started in 1986 in the Netherlands. After 4.3 years of follow-up, 524 lung cancer cases with complete job history were available. After adjustment for age, other occupational exposures, smoking and other factors, there were significant associations between risk of lung cancer and cumulative probability of exposure to asbestos or paint dust. Further analysis showed that after adjustment for smoking and diet, about 11.6% of lung cancer cases in men in the general population is attributable to lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos. (74324)

CIS 00-177 Deaths and tumours among workers grinding stainless steel: A follow up. Jakobsson K., Mikoczy Z., Skerfving S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.825-829. 30 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 727 workers exposed to the dust of grinding materials, grinding agents and stainless steel, overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality and all malignant mortality and morbidity were sightly lower than expected. Also the risk estimates for cancer in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and for stomach cancer were lower than expected. There was an increase in morbidity from colon cancer, which was explained by an excess of tumours in the sigmoid part only. Here, the risk estimates were higher in workers with long employment time. There was a slight nominal excess of rectal cancers and a significant excess of prostate cancer morbidity. These risk estimates did not, however, increase with employment time. The finding of an increased risk of cancer in the sigmoid part of the colon and the relation between duration of employment and response is consistent with a causal relation. (74325)

CIS 00-178 Respiratory allergy in laboratory animal workers: A retrospective cohort study using pre-employment screening data. Kruize H., Post W., Heederik D., Martens B., Hollander A., van der Beek E., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.830-835. 13 ref. (In English)

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In a cohort of 99 research workers exposed to laboratory animals (average follow-up time of 9.7 years), 19 people (19.2%) reported laboratory animal allergy (LAA), as defined by a positive response to a set of questions. There were more people with asthmatic symptoms in the high exposure categories, and more atopic than non-atopic people reported asthmatic symptoms. The mean time until development of symptoms of LAA was about 109 months in non-atopic people and 45 months in atopic people. Time until development of symptoms was shorter at higher intensity of exposure, except for those exposed for less than two hours a week. Results indicate that exposure and atopy are significant predictors of LAA and that the risk of developing LAA remain present for a much longer period (>3y) than considered before. (74326)

CIS 00-179 Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminium industry. Radon K., Nowak D., Heinrich-Ramm R., Szadokwski D., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.297-303. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 potroom workers, 24 foundry workers, 45 carbon-plant workers and 56 control workers (watchmen, craftsmen, office workers, laboratory employees) of a modern aluminium plant to investigate possible acute and long-term respiratory health effects of work at different working places. The survey consisted of pre- and postshift spirometric and urinary fluoride measurements. In a multiple regression model a small but significant negative correlation was found between postshift urinary fluoride concentrations and forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV₁, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Across-shift spirometric changes were observed only in FVC among carbon-plant workers. The results suggest that lung function impairment in the modern primary aluminium industry may be only partly due to fluoride exposure and that working in aluminium carbon plants may cause acute lung function changes. (74338)

CIS 00-180 Indispensable kit of antidotes in the work environment. (Spanish: Botiquín de antídotos en el ámbito laboral) Sanz-Gallén P., Garrido P., Nogué S., Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.45-52. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: antidote treatment; hydroxocobalamine; calcium gluconate; dim1ercaptosuccinic acid; dicobalt edetate; vitamin C; atropine; penicillamine; BAL; EDTA; sodium thiosulfate; chelating agents; first aid; poisoning. (74347)

CIS 00-181 Serum and urine p53 protein in bladder cancer patients and in workers occupationally exposed to genotoxic and mutagenic dyes. Indulski J.A., Lutz W., Krajewska B., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999, Vol.5, No.1, p.17-25. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Blood serum and urine protein concentrations in patients with urinary bladder cancer and in people occupationally exposed to dusts containing genotoxic or mutagenic dyes were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased concentrations ranging from 30 to 289pg/ml of protein p53 in blood serum were found in 10 of 21 patients with bladder cancer. Elevated urine p53 protein concentrations ranging from 27 to 496pg/ml were found in 13 of the 21 patients with bladder cancer. These concentrations did not show any relationship with tumor stage. In the group of 29 healthy persons occupationally exposed to genotoxic and mutagenic dyes, p53 protein was detected in more than 40% of the test subjects, while in the control group of healthy persons who were not occupationally exposed to the carcinogenic agents, the corresponding figure was only 20%. The p53 protein levels were considerably lower than for the persons with bladder cancer. Urine protein p53 can serve as a useful occupational and environmental carcinogens. (74371)

CIS 00-182 Frequency of occupational asbestos exposure among lung cancer patients in Hungary. A preliminary report. Posgay M., Mándi A., Ungváry G., Vadász P., Major K., Németh L., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999, Vol.5, No.1, p.66-71. 15 ref. (In English)

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According to the literature, historical occupational exposures to asbestos can be proved in about 5% (1-20%) of lung cancer patients. Based on a lung cancer incidence of 6,126 in Hungary in 1996, about 300 (60-1,200) work-related asbestos cancers would have been expected. However, the number of observed cases - apart from mesothelioma - is very small. Therefore the occupational history of 300 lung cancer patients was explored using a questionnaire and already available chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans which were re-evaluated for signs of asbestos exposure, especially the presence of pleural plaques. On the basis of this preliminary data it is highly probable that the majority of asbestos-related cancers in Hungary remain undetected and that a similar percentage to other countries can be proved also in Hungary. (74373)

CIS 00-183 Occupational chemical burns caused by bromine. Kim I.H., Seo S.H., Contact Dermatitis, July 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.43. 3 ref. (In English)

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Topics: bromine; case study; chemical burns; chemical industry; delayed effects; erythema; protective clothing; washing. (74379)

CIS 00-184 Occupational airborne contact dermatitis from diphencyprone in a pharmacy employee. Bircher A.J., Bigliardi P., Langauer Messmer S., Surber C., Contact Dermatitis, July 1999, Vol.41, No.1, p.52. 8 ref. (In English)

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Topics: diphenylcyclopropenone; case study; drugs; eczema; glassware handling; hospitals; laboratory work; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; skin tests. (74380)

CIS 00-185 Morbidity among farm workers in a desert country in relation to long-term exposure to pesticides. Gomes J., Lloyd O., Revitt M.D., Basha M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.213-219. 31 ref. (In English)

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Subclinical morbidity patterns among male established migrant farm workers were compared with referents and with new migrant farmworkers in a desert country. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and haemoglobin-adjusted erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity were significantly depleted, and results of aiming and digit symbol tests were significantly lower for the established workers. Irritated conjunctiva, watery eyes, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, muscular pain, and weakness were reported by established workers in statistically significantly higher numbers than by the referents and new workers. Morbidity patterns, such as the health complaints and objective parameters suggested in this study, would be suitable as criteria for identifying farm workers most at risk from pesticide toxicity and as criteria for initiating measures to control and reduce exposure. (74370)

CIS 00-186 Influence of the length of surface coating baths on the efficiency of ventilation systems. (Spanish: Influencia de la longitud de los baños de tratamiento de superficies en la eficacia de los sistemas de ventilación) González Ferradás E., Miñaza Aznar A., Baeza Caracena A., Morales Mateo F., Marzal Martínez F.J., Mapfre seguridad, 2nd Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.74, p.15-21. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: applied research; electroplating; exhaust ventilation; surface coating; ventilation design; ventilation systems; wet dust collectors. (74342)

CIS 00-187 Hazards at installations using chlorine. (Spanish: Peligrosidad en instalaciones de manejo de cloro) Ferruz R., Peña J.A., Santamaría J., Mapfre seguridad, 2nd Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.74, p.35-43. Illus. 15 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: chlorine; case study; causes of accidents; chemical industry; compressed gases; corrosion; dangerous substances; irritants; major hazards; threshold limit values; toxic gases. (74344)

CIS 00-188 Assessment of total exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin glue in plywood manufacturing. Mäkinen M., Kalliokoski P., Kangas J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.309-314. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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Respiratory and dermal exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin-glue components used in plywood manufacturing were assessed by monitoring formaldehyde and phenol in the workplace air. Formaldehyde was measured both in the breathing zones of the workers and at stationary sampling sites. Phenol was used as a marker agent for dermal exposure. Formaldehyde was noted to be the major compound causing respiratory exposure. When exposure assessment was done on the basis of air samples collected both at stationary sampling sites and in the breathing zonesof the workers, the agreement between the results obtained was good. The dermal sampling revealed that the workers were exposed to phenol, but the risk for toxic effects was slight due to the low concentrations of urinary phenol. It is concluded that is possible to use a stationary sampling method for the assessment of respiratory exposure in a plywood factory. The importance of taking dermal exposure into account is also outlined. (74340)

CIS 00-189 Cancer incidence among European man-made vitreous fiber production workers. Boffetta P., Andersen A., Hansen J., Olsen J.H., Plato N., Teppo L., Westerholm P., Saracci R., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1999, Vol.25, No.3, p.222-226. 10 ref. (In English)

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Cancer incidence follow-up was conducted among 3,685 rock-slag wool (RSW) and 2,611 glass wool (GW) production workers employed for over a year in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Overall cancer incidence was close to expectation. Lung cancer incidence was increased among both RSW and GW subcohorts, and a trend was suggested for time since first employment. The incidence of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer was also increased among both subcohorts. Despite a trend in risk for these neoplasms among the GW workers with time since first employment, the lack of a positive relation with other indirect indicators of fibre exposure points against a causal interpretation. No association between RSW or GW exposure and the risk of other neoplasms was suggested. (74363)

CIS 00-190 Chemical hazards in developing countries - Final remarks. Pontificia Academia Scientarum, 00120 Vatican City, 1994. 42p., ISBN 88-7761-047-6 (In English)

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Topics: chemical hazards; conference; developing countries; ecotoxicology; environmental pollution; health hazards; industrial waste; international agreements; international cooperation; legal aspects; pesticides; report. (74254)

CIS 00-191 Health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xx, 149p. approx. 600 ref. Price: CHF 36.00 (CHF 25.20 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-157211-6 (In English)

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This criteria document gives an overview of the health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents. Smoking and passive smoking is a health hazard, inducing acute and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking increases the toxic effects of exposure to certain agents (coal dust, pesticides); there may also be a synergistic effect (asbestos, silica, arsenic, radiation) or an antagonistic effect (chloromethylethers). Summaries in French and Spanish. (74302)

CIS 00-192 Asbestos - Protection of workers. (French: Amiante - Protection des travailleurs) Soudry C., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Aug. 1998. 26p., ISBN 2-85599-756-9 (In French)

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Topics: asbestos; disposal of harmful waste; France; hazard evaluation; information of personnel; inspection; legislation; limitation of exposure; medical supervision; personal protective equipment; prohibition of use; responsibilities; safety and health training; threshold limit values. (74489)

CIS 00-193 Risk prevention in the chemical laboratory: Reactivity of chemicals (I). (Spanish: Prevención del riesgo en el laboratorio químico: reactividad de los productos químicos (I)) Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

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For information note on prevention of risks associated with the reactivity of laboratory chemicals, see CIS 00-194. Topics: chemical products; chemical reactions; data sheet; exothermic reactions; explosive substances; flammable substances; laboratory work; Spain. (74208)

CIS 00-194 Risk prevention in the chemical laboratory: Reactivity of chemicals (II). (Spanish: Prevención del riesgo en el laboratorio químico: reactividad de los productos químicos (II)) Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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For information note on risks associated with the reactivity of laboratory chemicals, see CIS 00-193. Topics: chemical products; chemical reactions; data sheet; decomposition; exothermic reactions; explosive substances; flammable substances; laboratory work; polymerization; Spain; spontaneous combustion. (74209)

CIS 00-195 Hazardous waste management in university and research laboratories. (Spanish: La gestión de los residuos peligrosos en los laboratorios universitarios y de investigación) Clavero Subías J.M., Ysern Comas P., Gállego Peiré B., Traversa Aijón F., Gadea Carrera E., Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. 14 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: carcinogens; classification; dangerous substances; data sheet; disposal of harmful waste; handling and storage; harmful substances; labelling; laboratories; legislation; radioactive substances; Spain; toxic substances. (74210)

CIS 00-196 Air quality: Environmental determination of formaldehyde and its measurements in particle board. (Spanish: Calidad del aire: determinación ambiental de formaldehído y medición de su contenido en tableros) Freixa Blanxart A., Guardino Solá X., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 3p. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: formaldehyde; colorimetry; comment on standard; data sheet; determination in air; determination of concentration; gas chromatography; high performance chromatography; particle board manufacture; sampling and analysis; Spain; wood products. (74276)

CIS 00-197 Ethylene oxide: Exposure prevention in hospitals. (Spanish: Óxido de etileno: prevención de la exposición en hospitales) Rosell Farrás M.G., Arias Carballo M.P., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 4p. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: carcinogens; ethylene oxide; data sheet; disinfection of equipment; health care personnel; hospitals; limitation of exposure; Spain; threshold limit values; toxic substances. (74280)

CIS 00-198 Isocyanates: Health hazards and precautionary measures. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 5th ed.,1999. 9p. 30 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-1701-7 (In English)

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This round-up of health hazards posed by exposure to isocyanates and precautionary measures covers: Toxic effects; maximum exposure limits adopted in the United Kingdom (8h TWA: 0.02mg/m³, 15min TWA: 0.07mg/m³, both expressed in terms of free isocyanate groups); storage and handling; decontamination and spillages; respiratory protective equipment; medical supervision; first aid; personnel training and information. (74308)

CIS 00-199 Determination of rubber process dust and rubber fume (measured as cyclohexane-soluble material) in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., June 1999. 6p. 9 ref. Price: GBP 12.00., ISBN 0-7176-2419-6 (In English)

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This data sheet describes a soxhlet extraction procedure for the determination of rubber process dust and rubber fume in air, measured as cyclohexane-soluble material. Sampling equipment, laboratory apparatus and analysis method are outlined. Detection limits are 0.18mg/m³ for rubber process dust and 0.12mg/m³ for rubber fume. Additional information on rubber fumes: properties, occurrence, toxicity. Replaces CIS 88-945. (74309)

CIS 00-200 Occupational eczema: Recommended course of action. (French: Eczéma d'origine professionnelle: conduite à tenir) Crépy M.N., Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1999, No.77, p.43-48. 12 ref. (In French)

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Topics: anamnesis; compensation of occupational diseases; data sheet; diagnosis; eczema; limitation of exposure; occupational diseases; skin allergies; skin tests; symptoms. (74469)

CIS 00-201 Dispersion models for gases and/or vapours in the atmosphere: Instantaneous point sources. (Spanish: Modelos de dispersión de gases y/o vapores en la atmósfera: fuentes puntuales instantáneas) Cuscó Vidal J.M., Turmo Sierra E., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 4p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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For information note on dispersion models for gases and vapours in the atmosphere from continuous point sources, see CIS 98-863. Topics: atmospheric pollution; data sheet; gases; mathematical models; outbursts of gas; Spain; toxic gases; vapour clouds. (74205)

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CIS 00-202 Fire safety regulation in industrial sites. (Spanish: El reglamento de seguridad contra los incendios en establecimientos industriales) Lacosta Berna J.M., Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.63-72. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Topics: classification; comment on law; fire protection; fire resistance; fire spread limitation; fireproof materials; fixed extinguishing systems; hazard evaluation; industrial buildings; legislation; Spain. (74349)

CIS 00-203 Physical stress due to respirators. (German: Belastung durch Atemschutzgeräte) Antekeuer B., Lottner K., Maldener H.W., Röder N., Brandschutz, Sep. 1999, Vol.53, No.9, p.794-805. Illus. 12 ref. (In German)

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Exercises performed by four mine rescue workers wearing regenerative chemical oxygen respirators showed that pulse rates remained distinctly lower, compared to those recorded in exercises with heavier compressed air respirators. The exercises were conducted on a 25% slope tread mill and an endless ladder. The mine rescue workers had to climb the equivalent of 90m in height on the treadmill and 60m on the extension ladder. The experiments were conducted under normal conditions without insulating clothing. Results confirmed the subjective assessment of the two types of respirators by the mine rescue workers. The regenerative chemical oxygen equipment is recommended for long rescue operations. (74477)

CIS 00-204 Just the job. Alexander M., Fire Prevention, Oct. 1999, No.325, p.30-32. Illus. (In English)

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Role of industrial fire brigades, and the reasons for maintaining a dedicated firefighting presence on industrial sites. Topics: cost-benefit analysis; economic aspects; experience; fire fighting; fire protection; industrial fire brigades; plant safety organization; United Kingdom. (74248)

CIS 00-205 The national strategies for the prevention and response of industrial accidents: An overview. Galliot F., Industrial Safety Chronicle, Jan.-Mar. 1999, Vol.29, No.4, p.53-57. 12 ref. (In English)

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Topics: building licences; emergency organization; environmental pollution; hazard evaluation; legislation; licensing of undertakings; major hazards; national organization; neighbourhood protection; plant safety and health organization; role of government. (74300)

CIS 00-206 Fighting fit. Baker S., Occupational Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.51, No.10, p.16-19. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Evaluating the physical fitness of firefighters by oxygen consumption monitoring. Topics: aptitude tests; cardiovascular function tests; comment on directive; exercise tests; fire fighting; maximum aerobic power; oxygen consumption monitoring; physical fitness; pulse rate; United Kingdom; ventilatory capacity. (74218)

CIS 00-207 1998 Firefighter fatalities. Washburn A.E., LeBlanc P.R., Fahy R.F., NFPA Journal, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.93, No.4, p.54-66. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; electric burns; electrical accidents; fatalities; fire services; frequency rates; mobile fire fighting equipment; myocardial infarction; physical fitness; shock following injury; statistical trends; statistics; USA. (74283)

CIS 00-208 Detection and alarm systems. (Spanish: Sistemas de detección y alarma) Barquero Ochoa de Retana M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 41p. Illus. 7 ref., ISBN 84-7425-516-3 (In Spanish)

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Topics: alarm systems; automatic alarms; detection by ionization; fire alarms; fire detection; fire; legislation; preventive maintenance; rate-of-rise detectors; smoke detectors; Spain; thermostatic detectors. (74271)

CIS 00-209 n-Nonane. Fire Protection Association, Fire Prevention, Sep. 1999, No.324, 2p. Insert. (In English)

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Topics: nonane; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire protection; legislation; storage; transfer of liquids; United Kingdom. (74247)

CIS 00-210 Dipropyl ketone. Fire Protection Association, Fire Prevention, Oct. 1999, No.325, 2p. Insert. (In English)

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Topics: 4-heptanone; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire protection; legislation; storage; transfer of liquids; United Kingdom. (74249)

CIS 00-211 Butyronitrile. Fire Protection Association, Fire Prevention, Nov. 1999, No.326, 2p. Insert. (In English)

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Topics: butyronitrile; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire protection; legislation; storage; transfer of liquids; United Kingdom. (74250)

CIS 00-212 Reaction to fire tests - Spread of flame - Part 2: Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration. (French: Essais de réaction au feu - Propagation du feu - Partie 2: Propagation latérale sur les produits de bâtiment en position verticale) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Aug. 1996. iv, 23p. Illus. 6 ref. (In English, French)

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Topics: building materials; calibration; description of technique; flame spread; flammability testing; ISO; materials testing; radiant heat; standard. (74412)

CIS 00-213 Reaction to fire tests - Spread of flame - Part 1: Guidance on flame spread. International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Dec. 1997. iv, 29p. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

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Topics: building materials; flame spread; flammability testing; ISO; materials testing; standard. (74456)

CIS 00-214 A guide to the offshore installations (safety case) regulations 1992. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1998. vi, 66p. 25 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1165-5 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 93-1339. Topics: comment on law; emergency organization; escape and rescue; hazard evaluation; information of personnel; legislation; licensing of undertakings; major hazards; offshore oil extraction; plant safety organization; role of management; safety checks; United Kingdom. (74405)

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CIS 00-215 Medium-voltage transformation centres - Protection against indirect electrical contact. (Spanish: Centros de transformación de media tensión - Protección contra contactos eléctricos indirectos) Calvo Sáez J.A., Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 1999, No.147, p.44-54. Illus. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: contact voltage protection; earthing to neutral; earthing; electric current; electric power distribution; electrical safety; electricity; fault current protection; fault voltage; mathematical analysis; step voltage. (74420)

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CIS 00-216 Assessment of autonomic nervous activity in hand-arm vibration syndrome patients using time- and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variation. Laskar M.S., Harada N., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.462-468. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

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Twenty one patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) who were no longer exposed to vibration and were undergoing standard treatment for HAVS, and 10 healthy control subjects were evaluated for autonomic nervous activity, using heart rate variation (HRV). Indices of HRV and normalized units of frequency-domain indices, indicating parasympathetic nervous activity, were calculated from 2min electrocardiographic data recorded during spontaneous breathing by subjects in supine rest. Findings indicate decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity in the HAVS patients in comparison to the healthy controls. The time undergoing treatment and time since retirement from work involving vibration significantly influenced the HRV results in these patients. However, the duration of exposure to vibration did not. The findings also indicate that treatment and cessation of exposure to vibration might have a beneficial effect on the cardiac parasympathetic activity in HAVS patients. (74244)

CIS 00-217 Ring of uncertainty. Rouy K., Occupational Health, June 1999, Vol.51, No.6, p.16-18. Illus. (In English)

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Potential risks from mobile telephony. Topics: brain; cancer; commuting accidents; drivers; health hazards; length of exposure; medical supervision; mobile telephony; radiofrequency radiation; risk factors; short-time memory; telephone communications. (74239)

CIS 00-218 Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, Apr. 1998, Vol.74, No.4, p.494-522. Illus. 208 ref. (In English)

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Topics: animal experiments; antifertility effects; biological effects; carcinogenic effects; determination of exposure limits; electric fields; electromagnetic fields; glossary; health hazards; human experiments; limitation of exposure; magnetic fields; radiofrequency radiation; synergism. (74259)

CIS 00-219 Guidelines on limits of exposure to laser radiation of wavelengths between 180nm and 1,000µm. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, Nov. 1996, Vol.71, No.5, p.804-819. Illus. 49 ref. (In English)

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Topics: biological effects; determination of exposure limits; eye injuries; infrared radiation; laser damage thresholds; laser radiation; length of exposure; limitation of exposure; non-ionizing radiation; permissible radiation doses; retinal damage; skin injuries; ultraviolet radiation; visible radiation. (74268)

CIS 00-220 Guidelines on limits of exposure to broad-band incoherent optical radiation (0.38 to 3µM). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, Sep. 1997, Vol.73, No.3, p.539-554. Illus. 70 ref. (In English)

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Topics: biological effects; determination of exposure limits; limitation of exposure; mathematical analysis; non-ionizing radiation; permissible radiation doses; retinal damage; skin injuries; visible radiation. (74269)

CIS 00-221 Health issues related to the use of hand-held radiotelephones and base transmitters. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics, Apr. 1996, Vol.70, No.4, p.587-593. 70 ref. (In English)

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Topics: animal experiments; biological effects; carcinogenic effects; health hazards; mobile telephony; permissible radiation doses; radiofrequency equipment; radiofrequency radiation. (74270)

CIS 00-222 Occupational exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields and its effect on human immune parameters. Tuschl H., Neubauer G., Garn H., Duftschmid K., Winker N., Brusl H., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, July-Sep. 1999, Vol.12, No.3, p.239-251. Illus. 39 ref. (In English)

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18 physiotherapists exposed to electromagnetic fields from shortwave, decimeter and microwave diathermy units and 13 non-exposed controls were examined to determined the effects of chronic exposure on the immune system. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were performed and the activity of lymphocytes measured. Results showed that the Austrian exposure limits of 67.9V/m for electric fields and 0.18A/m for magnetic fields were not exceeded at the microwave and decimeter diathermy devices, but remarkable overexposure was registered at 6 of the 7 shortwave (27MHz) devices within the area where personnel regularly operated. No statistically significant differences between the control and exposed persons were found. In both study groups all immune parameters were within normal ranges. (74291)

CIS 00-223 Suppressive mechanism of gastric motility by whole-body vibration. Ishitake T., Myazaki Y., Ando H., Matoba T., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.469-474. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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Gastric motility suppression due to exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) was evaluated by electrogastrography (EGG) in ten healthy volunteers. The amplitude of EGG wave and the power spectrum corresponding to the slow wave component was remarkably decreased by vibration exposure. Food intake enhanced gastric motility about 2.5-fold in the power spectral density. During and after vibration exposure, the response mode was similar to those in fasting states. Anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents decreased the power spectra. A further decrease was observed during vibration exposure. A beta-adrenergic blocking agent led to a marked increase in the amplitude of EGG and its power spectrum. However, pretreatment with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent resulted in a reduction of EGG amplitude and power spectrum on exposure to vibration. Results suggest that short-term exposure to WBV can suppress gastric myoelectric activity, the responses of which may be mediated by neurohumoral effects as well as by the mechanical effect of WBV. (74245)

CIS 00-224 Pulmonary and auditory function among experienced construction divers: A cross-sectional study. Skogstad M., Haldorsen T., Kjuus H., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, July 1999, Vol.70, No.7, p.644-649. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

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Pulmonary and auditory function was studied in 26 experienced construction divers. Assessment of lung function included dynamic lung volume and flow and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (Tlco). Auditory examination measured air conduction thresholds in a cabin. Results showed a significantly higher mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of 6.01L in divers compared with 5.67L in controls, and an alveolar volume (VA) of 7.74L in divers compared with 7.35L in controls. There was a non-significant reduction in forced mid-expiratory flow rate and a significant reduction in forced expiratory flow rate at 50% of FVC among divers (4.69L compared with 5.76L among controls). There were no differences in FEV, and Tlco between the two groups. Divers showed reduced auditory function in their left ear compared with their right ear in the 3kHz and 8kHz range. Results indicate that long-term construction diving may be associated with changes in pulmonary function with a tendency to reduction in small airway conductance, and that the left ear may be more vulnerable than the right ear to hearing impairment. (74289)

CIS 00-225 Evaluating the effectiveness of gloves in reducing the hazards of hand-transmitted vibration. Griffin M.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1998, Vol.55, No.5, p.340-348. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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The isolation effectiveness of vibration protective gloves was calculated from the measured transmissibility of the glove, the vibration spectrum on the handle of a specific tool and the frequency weighting, indicating the degree to which different frequencies of vibration cause injury. The method was used to test ten gloves with 20 different powered tools. The frequency weighting for hand-transmitted vibration advocated in current British and international standards greatly influences the apparent isolation effectiveness of gloves. With the frequency weighting, the gloves had little effect on the transmission of vibration to the hand from most of the tools. Only for two or three tools (those dominated by high frequency vibration) did any glove provide useful attenuation. Without the frequency weighting, some gloves showed useful attenuation of the vibration on most powered tools. (74330)

CIS 00-226 Protective clothing against high-frequency radiation. (German: Hochfrequenz-Schutzkleidung. Eine neue Persönliche Schutzausrüstung) Scholmann J., Siekmann H., Die BG, Oct. 1999, No.10, p.564-572. Illus. 18 ref. (In German)

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Experimental work that led to the German draft standard E DIN 32780-100 is described. This involved four methods for determining the radiation shielding provided by clothing designed to offer protection from radiofrequency radiation between 80MHz and 1GHz. These four methods measure the temperature increase, the energy absorption, the internal electric field strength and the electromagnetic field strength. The standard describes a new method for measuring the radiofrequency radiation shielding provided by materials used for protective clothing, whereby magnetic field sensors are specially positioned inside the measuring chamber. (74478)

CIS 00-227 Ionizing radiation. (French: Les rayonnements ionisants) Le Roy A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., Nov. 1998. 50p., ISBN 2-7389-0247-2 (In French)

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Topics: exposure records; France; ionizing radiation; legislation; limitation of exposure; medical examinations; permissible radiation doses; plant safety and health organization; radiation monitoring; radiation protection; radiological protection services; responsibilities. (74487)

CIS 00-228 Noise. (French: Le bruit) Guillemy N., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 4th ed., Nov. 1998. 26p. Illus. 8 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0032-1 (In French)

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Replaces CIS 98-1451. Topics: audiometric tests; France; hazard evaluation; hearing disorders; hearing protection; information of personnel; legislation; limitation of exposure; medical supervision; noise control; noise level; responsibilities; supply of information. (74488)

CIS 00-229 X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy - Part 3: Calibration of the area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence. (French: Rayonnements X et gamma de référence pour l'étalonnage des dosimètres...et...leur réponse en fonction de l'énergie des photons - Part. 3: Etalonnage des dosimètres de zone (ou d'ambiance) et individuels et mesurage de leur réponse en fonction de l'énergie et de l'angle d'incidence) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 46p. Illus. 19 ref. (In English, French)

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Topics: angle of incidence; calibration; dosimetry; gamma radiation; ionizing radiation; ISO; personnel monitoring; photons; radiation monitoring; standard; workplace monitoring. (74260)

CIS 00-230 Manual arc welding with coated electrodes. (French: Le soudage manuel à l'arc avec des électrodes enrobées) Travail et sécurité, June 1999, No.585, insert, 4p. Illus. 3 ref. (In French)

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Topics: coated electrodes; data sheet; electricity; explosion hazards; eye injuries; fire hazards; France; legislation; limitation of exposure; manual arc welding; mechanical hazards; personal protective equipment; physical hazards; respiratory diseases; ultraviolet radiation; ventilation; welding fumes. (74465)

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CIS 00-231 Materials handling: Safer overhead travelling cranes. (French: Manutention: des ponts roulants plus sûrs) Gelé C., Travail et sécurité, Apr. 1999, No.583, p.18-23. Illus. 2 ref. (In French)

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Topics: ageing; approval; comment on standard; cranes; equipment layout; France; inspection; legal aspects; lifting equipment; materials handling; occupational accidents; overhead travelling cranes; preventive maintenance; responsibilities; safety checks; safety engineering. (74485)

CIS 00-232 Royal Decree 1215/1997 - How to adapt machinery. (Spanish: Real Decreto 1215/1997 - ¿Cómo adecuamos las máquinas?) Rotaeche Gallano J., Prevención, July-Sep. 1998, No.145, p.23-31. Illus. (In Spanish)

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For Royal Decree 1215/1997 see CIS 97-1068. Topics: comment on law; machinery guarding regulations; machinery; mechanical hazards; robots; safety by design; safety devices; safety engineering; Spain. (74416)

CIS 00-233 The Rennes light railway gets safety coordination rolling. (French: Le Val de Rennes prend la coordination sécurité en marche) Gout D., Travail et sécurité, Feb. 1999, No.581, p.22-31. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: construction sites; earthmoving equipment; first-aid and rescue organization; France; legal aspects; physical workload; plant safety organization; public transport; role of supervisory staff; safe working methods; safety planning; tunnelling; underground work. (74482)

CIS 00-234 Correlates of pilot fatality in general aviation crashes. Li G., Baker S.P., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1999, Vol.70, No.4, p.305-309. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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The US National Transportation Safety Board's Factual Reports were analyzed for all general aviation crashes that occurred in North Carolina and Maryland during 1985 through 1994. A total of 667 crashes resulted in 276 deaths and 368 injuries during the 10-year period in the two states. Of the pilots-in-command involved in these crashes, 146 (22%) died. The case fatality rate for pilots was significantly higher in crashes that occurred between 6 p.m. and 5 a.m. (34%), away from airports (36%), with aircraft fire (69%), or in instrument meteorological weather conditions (IMC) (71%). Significant factors in pilot fatality were aircraft fire, off-airport location, IMC, nighttime, and pilot age >50 years. Pilot gender, flight experience, principal profession, and type of aircraft (airplane vs. helicopter) were not significantly associated with the likelihood of survival. The most important correlates of pilot fatality are variables likely related to increased impact forces. Better occupant protection equipment, such as air bag and crashworthy fuel system, are needed for general aviation aircraft. (74377)

CIS 00-235 British Airways flightdeck mortality study, 1950-1992. Irvine D., Davies D.M., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.70, No.6, p.548-555. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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Mortality and life expectancy of male flightdeck crew was studied for pilots and flight engineers employed for at least one year at British Airways between 1950 and 1992. Internal relative risk comparisons were made between shorthaul and longhaul operations. An all-cause standard mortality ratio (SMR) of 61 for pilots and 56 for flight engineers confirmed the expected healthy worker effect. In pilots, most of the comparisons showed significant deficits in mortality. SMR's for cancers of the central nervous system and brain (143) and colon cancer (111) were not statistically significant. The SMR of 333 for melanoma was significantly raised in pilots but was not evident in flight engineers. Life expectancy for longhaul pilots and flight engineers was 4-5 years better than in the general population of England and Wales for ages 55-65 while the advantage for shorthaul pilots was reduced to between 2-3 years. Cases of leukemia and aleukaemia in pilots were less than the excess predicted from modeling based on radiation dose. The study confirms that flightdeck crew live longer than the general population and do not exhibit patterns of death attributable to occupation. (74378)

CIS 00-236 Railway safety - HM Chief inspector of railways' annual report on the safety record of the railways in Great Britain during 1997/98. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. viii, 138p. Illus. Price: GBP 15.95., ISBN 0-7176-1655-X (In English)

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Topics: accident descriptions; fatalities; labour inspection; legislation; occupational accidents; ongoing research; rail transport; report of activities; statistics; United Kingdom; violence. (74410)

CIS 00-237 Working platforms on fork-lift trucks. (Spanish: Plataformas de trabajo en carretillas elevadoras) Tamborero del Pino J.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. Illus. 5 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: data sheet; elevating platform trucks; falling objects; falls from heights; fork-lift trucks; safety belts; safety helmets; Spain. (74204)

CIS 00-238 Rider-operated lift trucks: Operator training - Approved Code of Practice and Guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1999. vi, 20p. lllus. 19 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-2455-2 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 89-1697. Topics: directive; fork-lift trucks; hand lift trucks; legislation; qualifications; safety training in industry; transport industry; United Kingdom. (74257)

CIS 00-239 Safe use of lifting equipment - Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. vi, 62p. 12 ref. Price: GBP 8.00, ISBN 0-7176-1628-2 (In English)

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This code of practice gives the text of, and practical guidance on, the U.K. Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (see CIS 99-1428). (74402)

CIS 00-240 Manual handling - Guidance on regulations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1998. iv, 56p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 8.00., ISBN 0-7176-2415-3 (In English)

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This booklet gives general guidance on the U.K. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (see CIS 93-36), and replaces CIS 93-664. (74407)

CIS 00-241 Safe use of power presses - Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. vi, 34p. 5 ref. Price: GBP 6.00., ISBN 0-7176-1627-4 (In English)

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This code of practice gives the text of, and practical guidance on, the U.K. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (see CIS 99-1429) as applied to power presses. (74403)

CIS 00-242 Safe use of work equipment - Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1998. vi, 86p. 13 ref. Price: GBP 8.00., ISBN 0-7176-1626-6 (In English)

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This code of practice gives the text of, and practical guidance on, the U.K. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (see CIS 99-1429). Replaces CIS 93-1536. (74408)

CIS 00-243 Safety of machinery - Principles of risk assessment. (French: Sécurité des machines - Principes pour l'appréciation du risque) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Feb. 1999. iv, 18p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English, French)

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Topics: conditions of exposure; electricity; ergonomics; harmful physical agents; hazard evaluation; hazard identification; human factors; ISO; machinery; mechanical hazards; reliability; standard. (74452)

CIS 00-244 Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 1: General requirements and tests. (French: Sécurité des machines - Equipements de protection électro-sensibles - Partie 1: Prescriptions générales et essais) International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1st ed., Aug. 1997. 97p. (bilingual). Illus. 3 ref. Index. (In English, French)

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Topics: electrical equipment; equipment testing; fail safety; ISO; machinery; safety devices; standard. (74453)

CIS 00-245 Safety in the installation and use of gas systems and appliances - Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1998. vi, 98p. Illus. Price: GBP 10.95., ISBN 0-7176-1635-5 (In English)

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Replaces CIS 95-335. Topics: chimneys; comment on law; directive; equipment testing; gas burners; gas distribution; installation of pipe systems; leakage; metering; pipes and fittings; qualifications; responsibilities; safety engineering; town gas; United Kingdom; valves. (74406)

CIS 00-246 Personal protective equipment for protection against falls from a height - Single-point anchor devices. International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Mar. 1999. iv, 27p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Topics: anchoring devices; dynamic tests; equipment testing; instructions for use; ISO; lifelines; personal protective equipment; protection against falls from heights; standard. (74451)

CIS 00-247 Safe use of woodworking machinery - Approved Code of Practice and guidance. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. vi, 50p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: GBP 8.00., ISBN 0-7176-1630-4 (In English)

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This code of practice gives the text of, and practical guidance on, the U.K. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (see CIS 99-1429) as applied to woodworking machinery. (74404)

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CIS 00-248 P4 laboratory: A fortress against viruses. (French: Laboratoire P4: une forteresse pour les virus) Chouchan D., Travail et sécurité, June 1999, No.585, p.2-8. Illus. (In French)

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Topics: biological hazards; containment; experimental animals; infectious diseases; laboratory work; legal aspects; microorganisms; negative pressure application; pathogenic bacteria; protective clothing; safe layout; safety devices; viruses. (74463)

CIS 00-249 Spring-summer meningoencephalitis - A problem for occupational medicine. (German: Die Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis als arbeitsmedizinisches Problem) Rieger M.A., Nübling M., Hofmann F., Ergo-Med, Mar.-Apr. 1999, Vol.23, No.2, p.72-85. Illus. 124 ref. (In German)

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Literature survey on the present knowledge of the pathogenesis, occurrence, diagnosis and prevention of tick-borne viral meningoencephalitis shows that: the virus causing the disease is borne by two types of the Ixodes tick which are widespread in Europe and Asia. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is most commonly used by doctors to diagnose the disease. However, the assay is not specific to the antibodies produced by the virus. Yellow fever and dengue fever viruses, which are related to the virus causing the tick-borne meningoencephalitis, may also produce positive ELISA results. In doubtful cases, the more specific Western blot test is used. It is not known at present how many persons bitten by virus-infected ticks are affected. For people working in agriculture, the risk of contracting the disease was found to be moderately higher and for forestry workers significantly higher than the general population. Workers at risk should be vaccinated. Tick-borne meningoencephalitis should be classified as an occupational disease. (74475)

CIS 00-250 Endotoxins and IgG antibodies as indicators of occupational exposure to the microbial contaminants of metal-working fluids. Laitinen S., Linnainmaa M., Laitinen J., Kiviranta H., Reiman M., Liesivuori J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.443-450. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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To evaluate workers' exposure to microorganisms and bacterial endotoxins during the use of metal-working fluids (MWF), air and bulk sampling and biomonitoring of workers' serum IgG antibodies were used to estimate exposure at 18 workplaces. The types of emulsified MWF used were synthetic fluid, mineral oil or rape seed oil, in grinding, turning and drilling work. Endotoxin concentrations in air ranged from 0.04 to 600 ng/m³ when endotoxin levels in MWF were 0.03-25,000ng/m³. A high correlation was found between endotoxin levels and bacterial counts from MWF, as well as between total culturable bacteria and gram-negative bacteria concentrations in the air. MWF workers showed significantly higher IgG antibody responses to bacterial antigens than did controls. Results clearly show that in occupational hygiene measurements, endotoxins serve as excellent indicators of exposure to the microbial contaminants of MWF. IgG antibodies against antigens identified from workplace samples could be a practical tool for occupational health physicians. (74243)

CIS 00-251 Model for the evaluation of biological hazards in medical centres. (Spanish: Modelo de evaluación de riesgos biológicos en centros sanitarios) de la Hoz García C., Otones Pérez J.J., Paredes Palomo L.E., Mapfre seguridad, 2nd Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.74, p.3-8. Illus. 24 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: biological hazards; hazard evaluation; health services; immunodeficiency syndrome; infectious diseases; infectious hepatitis; laboratories; legislation; risk factors. (74341)

CIS 00-252 Exposure-response relationship between gastrointestinal problems among waste collectors and bioaerosol exposure. Ivens U.I., Breum N.O., Ebbehøj N., Nielsen B.H., Poulsen O.M., Würtz H., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1999, Vol.25, No.3, p.238-245. 40 ref. (In English)

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The relationship between gastrointestinal problems and exposure to bioaerosols among waste collectors was investigated using a job-exposure matrix constructed from a combination of questionnaire data (concerning 1,747 waste collectors and 1,111 controls), and field measurements (189 personal samples measuring viable fungi, total count of of fungal spores, microorganisms and endotoxins). Results show that high exposure to endotoxins was associated with nausea, and the risk of reporting nausea decreased with decreasing exposure. High exposure to endotoxins was also associated with reports of diarrhoea, and the risk of reporting diarrhoea decreased with decreasing exposure. The same pattern existed for exposure to fungi, and reported diarrhoea. (74364)

CIS 00-253 Molecular methods of measurement of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Implications for occupational health practice. Kao J.H., Heptonstall J., Chen D.S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1999, Vol.56, No.11, p.730-734. 31 ref. (In English)

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Over the past decade, several molecular techniques for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been developed that have implications for occupational health practice. This review describes the techniques used for qualitative and quantitative detection of the viral genome, and briefly explains nucleic acid sequencing and analysis of phylogenetic trees. The review also discusses the current and potential uses of these techniques in investigations of transmission of bloodborne viruses by patient to worker and worker to patient, in the management of occupational exposure to blood, in research, and in the development of guidance and policy on infected healthcare workers who perform procedures prone to exposure. (74354)

CIS 00-254 The large-scale contained use of biological agents. Health and Safety Commission, Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. vi, 58p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1544-8 (In English)

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This booklet is intended as a supplement to guidance (see CIS 96-1100) on the requirements of the U.K. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-19). (74409)

CIS 00-255 Work with experimental animals. (Spanish: Trabajo con animales de experimentación) Alonso Espadalé R.M., Martí Solé M.C., Constans Aubert A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1997. 6p. Illus. 9 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: biological hazards; data sheet; experimental animals; genetically modified organisms; handling of animals; health hazards; infectious diseases; safe working methods; Spain; vaccination; zoonoses. (74278)

CIS 00-256 Sewage treatment plants: Biological hazards. (Spanish: Estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales: riesgo biológico) Constans Aubert A., Alonso Espaladé R.M., Martí Solé M.C., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 5p. 16 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: bacteria; biological hazards; data sheet; diphtheria; fungi; infectious hepatitis; influenza; leptospirosis; microorganisms; parasitic diseases; poliomyelitis; sewage treatment; Spain; tetanus; tuberculosis; typhoid fever; vaccination; viruses. (74203)

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CIS 00-257 Correlation of recorded injury and illness data with smoking, exercise, and absolute aerobic capacity. McSweeney K.P., Congleton J.J., Kerk C.J., Jenkins O., Craig B.N., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1999, Vol.24, No.2, p.193-200. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

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The correlation between reported injury and illness occurrence, estimated absolute aerobic capacity, exercise and smoking was investigated in a sample of 212 young male manual material handlers from the Southeastern, Midwest, and Western areas of the United States. Results indicate a significant association with exercise and absolute VO₂max. No significance was noted with smoking and absolute VO₂max. Significant associations were observed with smoking and injury and higher total lost workdays injuries and illnesses. Overall, this study supports evidence from existing literature that data obtained via questionnaire is valid, as demonstrated by the self-report of exercise and corresponding higher aerobic capacity, obtained via objective measurement. Additional support is verified by the association of smoking and injury. One deviation from the existing literature is that smoking did not appear to have an adverse impact on aerobic conditioning. (74374)

CIS 00-258 Impact of shift work on cardiovascular functions in a 10-year follow-up study. Murata K., Yano E., Shinozaki T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1999, Vol.25, No.3, p.272-277. 33 ref. (In English)

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Electorcardiography and blood pressure of 158 shift workers and 75 day workers at a copper smelter were followed for ten years in order to determine if shift work affects cardiovascular function. In 1986 and 1996, the adjusted QT interval (QTc) was significantly longer in shift workers than in day workers. Of workers with a normal QTc in 1986, 15% had developed a prolonged QTc in 1996. Among the workers with a normal QTc in 1986, shift workers had a significantlylonger QTc than did day workers when the QTc was examined in 1996. In addition, day-shift work in the group with a normal QTc was significantly related to the QTc in 1996 after control for age, work duration, biochemical indicators, smoking and drinking habits. However, the blood pressures of the shift and day workers did not differ significantly, and in 1996 the values of both groups were significantly elevated. The data suggest that shift work is associated with QTc prolongation and may explain the increased risk for cardiovascular diseases due to shift work. (74365)

CIS 00-259 The effects of different materials of protective gloves on the thermoregulatory responses. Hayashi C., Tokura H., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, July-Sep. 1999, Vol.12, No.3, p.253-261. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Two kinds of protective glove materials used in pesticide spraying were studied to determine the effects on thermoregulatory response during exercise at ambient temperature of 28°C and relative humidity of 60%. One kind of glove was made of polyurethane (A) and the other of Goretex (B) with cotton lining in each glove. All subjects took part in two sessions of sequences of step exercises, gripping, turning a small screw, and handgrip exercises. Main results can be summarized as follows: (1) during exercise an increase of rectal temperature was inhibited more effectively in B than in A; (2) skin temperature of the hand was significantly lower in B than in A; (3) absolute humidity and temperature inside the gloves were significantly lower during the period from the gripping bar exercise to the end of the experiment (4) the number of contractions by the handgrip exercise performed immediately after the second turning of the screw was significantly smaller in A than in B. Findings suggest that the gloves made of Goretex material could reduce thermal strain during intermittent work in warm environmental conditions. (74292)

CIS 00-260 The development and evaluation of an ergonomic glove. Muralidhar A., Bishu R.R., Hallbeck M.S., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.555-563. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A new glove design for protection against mechanical trauma was developed based on selective protection, whereby protective material was introduced in varying levels over different parts of the glove. Two different prototype gloves incorporating different levels of protection were fabricated and tested using a battery of performance tests and an algometer test for pressure sensitivity. Four dexterity tasks and a maximal voluntary grip strength task were used to assess a number of glove conditions. Results indicate that the performance of both the contour and the laminar prototype gloves were comparable, and that performance times for the two prototype gloves and existing double gloves were not significantly different. For grip strength, the two prototype gloves were better than the double glove. Assembly task performance for the laminar glove was significantly lower than that of the other glove types tested. It appears that gloves of variable thickness can be developed to afford adequate protection at zones of most need. (74386)

CIS 00-261 Workload of rice reapers in the Mekhon delta area in Vietnam. Kawakami T., Khai T.T., Toi L.M., Sakai K., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Oct. 1993, Vol.69, No.10 (Part II of 2 Parts), p.21-29. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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The workload of rice reapers was studied in a village in Vietnam with a view to finding ergonomic improvement measures. Interviews with 97 agricultural workers revealed that low-back pain was the most frequent complaint related to agricultural work (42.3%), followed by joint pains and animal and insect bites. Field study showed that forward bending posture accounted for 65% of the time spent reaping rice, and that fatigue symptoms and subsidiary activities increased while working. Results suggest the need to improve workload of rice reapers in the area through such work organization as insertion of short breaks. (74351)

CIS 00-262 Wrist positions and movements as possible risk factors during machine milking. Stål M., Hansson G.Å., Moritz U., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.527-533. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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Positions and movements of the wrist during machine milking in both tethering and loose-housing systems were studied in 11 healthy female milkers. High values of dorsiflexion and radial deviation were found, which might induce an increased risk of carpal-tunnel syndrome. Velocity and repetitiveness were close to the values described in repetitive work with a high risk of elbow and hand disorders in the fish-processing industry and giro-form data entry work. The load on the upper extremities increased with respect to dorsiflexed hand position and repetitiveness when milking in the modern loose-housing milking system. This is probably due to the change of the working position and/or the higher productivity (number of cows milked per time unit) in the loose-housing system as compared to the old-fashioned tethering system. These negative effects on wrist positions and movements should be considered when building new milking systems. (74385)

CIS 00-263 An assessment of workload in the Thai steel industry. Yoopat P., Vanwonterghem K., Intaranont K., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1998, Vol.29, No.4, p.267-271. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Three different types of industrial activities in a steel plant in Thailand were studied and workload assessed by means of an ergonomics approach encompassing task, organisation and environment, as well as by physiological reactions and the subjective appreciation of exposed workers. Results were evaluated in relation to ISO Standard 7243 on Heat Stress (WBGT-Index) and by cardiovascular load. Important basic physiological differences between Thai workers and Western data were found. This questions the use of the ISO standard for the studied activities in Thailand, and a proposal for adaptation of the WBGT-Index is formulated. (74195)

CIS 00-264 Time budget of rough terrain crane operators. (Japanese: Rafu teren kurēn operēta no seikatsu jikan chōsa) Ideura Y., Kawakami T., Sakai K., Itani T., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Sep. 1999, Vol.75, No.9, p.331-341. Illus. 7 ref. (In Japanese)

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Rough terrain crane operators working for a heavy construction hoisting company were surveyed by questionnaire to obtain basic data regarding their needs for safe and comfortable crane operation. Results revealed that nighttime shift operations often resulted in insufficient sleeping periods. Since drowsiness at work can be very dangerous, the lack of sleeping time should be addressed by rotating assigned operators on the nighttime shift. Half of the operators skipped breakfast or had it in the car on the way to work, thus posing the problem of an unbalanced diet. Regarding physical fatigue, stiff shoulders, probably resulting from operating the crane, were commonly reported. This may suggest that the right-side lever requires precise control and should be improved. 12 of the 16 operators surveyed reported mental fatigue due primarily to heavy traffic and working with other workers at the job site. (74352)

CIS 00-265 Correlates of fitness for duty in hazardous materials firefighters. Kales S.N., Aldrich J.M., Polyhronopoulos G.N., Leitao E.O., Artzerounian D., Gassert T.H., Hu H., Kelsey K.T., Sweet C., Christiani D.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.36, No.6, p.618-629. Illus. 21ref. (In English)

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Correlates of fitness for duty were examined in a cohort of 340 U.S. firefighters, by comparing those who were determined as unfit (FAIL, 3 groups) for duty with those who were fit (FIT) for duty. All subjects were given an overall morbidity rating by a board certified internist. Comparisons on two surrogate measures of fitness, VO₂max and predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, were also performed. A significant tendency towards worse results (e.g. higher blood pressure or lower spirometric function) was found among the three FAIL groups compared with the FIT group. Increasing morbidity was associated with higher age, lower spirometric function, lower predicted VO₂max, increasing cholesterol, greater body mass index, and higher predicted ten-year CHD risk. (74332)

CIS 00-266 Working conditions and effects of ISO 9000 in six furniture-making companies: Implementation and processes. Karltun J., Axelsson J., Eklund J., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1998, Vol.29, No.4, p.225-232. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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Six furniture-making companies which implemented ISO 9000 during the period 1991-1994 were studied to determine the effects of the quality standard on working conditions. Results show that its effects were limited, but included better order and housekeeping, more positive attitudes towards discussing quality shortcomings, a few workplace improvements, work enrichment caused by additional tasks within the quality system and a better understanding of external customer demands. Among the negative effects were new, apparently meaningless, tasks for individual workers as well as more stress and more physically strenuous work. Effects on the companies included a decrease in external quality-related costs and improvements in delivery deadlines. (74191)

CIS 00-267 The effects of video display terminal height on the operator: A comparison of the 15° and 40° recommendations. Turville K.L., Psihogios J.P., Ulmer T.R., Mirka G.A., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1998, Vol.29, No.4, p.239-246. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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Standard workplace design recommendation is to position the centre of video display terminals (VDTs) 15° below horizontal eye level. Recently a viewing angle of 40° below horizontal has been suggested for visually intensive tasks. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of these two VDT positions on muscular activity, muscular fatigue, head/neck posture, visual acuity, operator performance, heart rate and operator subjective assessment. The experimental task consisted of reading text from a computer screen and answering reading comprehension questions using a mouse and a keyboard. The 40° VDT position showed significantly greater head tilt angles and higher muscle activity levels for six of the 10 neck, shoulder and back muscles sampled. No significant differences in visual acuity, operator performance or heart rate were detected as a result of monitor location. Seven of the 12 subjects preferred the 15° monitor position. (74192)

CIS 00-268 Macroergonomic analysis of formalization in a dynamic work system. Kleiner B.M., Applied Ergonomics, Aug. 1998, Vol.29, No.4, p.255-259. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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A simulation-based experiment was used to develop a set of indicators to measure and analyze formal and informal planning strategies. Eight planning groups of three members were assigned to a low formalization, high formalization and a control condition. Following planning strategy training, groups performed an organizational decision-making task for four simulated years. While differences in performance were not significant, significant differences in strategy were found and an interesting temporal effect was detected. In a dynamic environment, the groups exhibiting highly formalized strategies migrated in the direction of lower formalization. Results support the assertion that formal planning does not, and cannot, work very well, and contradicts the traditional belief that planning is advantageous to overall organizational performance, at least in a dynamic/uncertain environment. (74194)

CIS 00-269 Ergonomics 1999. David G., Porter J.M., Dillon J., Stone B, Lucas D., Stewart T., Haines H.., Howarth P, Graveling R., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1999, Vol.17, Supplement to No.7, p.1-32. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Special supplement devoted entirely to ergonomics to mark the 50th anniversary of the Ergonomics Society of the United Kingdom. Topics include: preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders; driving and musculoskeletal health; ergonomics within a large organization, using the UK Post Office as an example; ergonomics in small-to-medium-sized enterprises; the effectiveness of warning labels; designing an ergonomic office; participatory ergonomics, lighting, and personal protective equipment. (74200)

CIS 00-270 Underestimated health hazard: Proposal for an ergonomic microscope workstation. Kreczy A., Kofler M., Gschwendtner A., Lancet, Nov. 1999, Vol.354, No.9191, p.1701-1702. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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Working daily for a long time with a standard microscope causes back pain, fibromyalgia, or tension headache in up to 80% of microscopists. These complaints may be prevented by an ergonomic design of the microscope workstation, leading to a beneficial and significant reduction of electromyographical activity in the most strained muscle groups as shown by surface electromyographic recordings. (74220)

CIS 00-271 Who cares about ergonomics standards?. Stewart T., Bassey C., ISO Bulletin, July 1999, Vol.30, No.7, p.12-18. Illus. (In English)

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Topics: comment on standard; computer terminals; CRT display terminals; data processing; design of equipment; ergonomics; ISO; keyboard operations; man-computer interfaces; office equipment; office work; standard; workplace design. (74281)

CIS 00-272 Assessment of mechanical exposure in ergonomic epidemiology. van der Beek A.J., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1998, Vol.55, No.5, p.291-299. 61 ref. (In English)

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Methods developed to assess mechanical exposures related to musculoskeletal disorders are evaluated in terms of accuracy and applicability. Assessment of external exposure measures by subjective judgements, observational methods and direct measurements are discussed for each of the dimensions of exposure level, duration and frequency. Methods for the assessment of internal exposures include biomechanical modelling, electromyography and measurement of intra-abdominal pressure. Current problems and future directions in measurement strategies and methods are discussed. (74327)

CIS 00-273 Decreasing the physical workload of construction work with the use of four auxiliary handling devices. Sillanpää J., Lappalainen J., Kaukiainen A., Viljanen M., Laippala P., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1999, Vol.24, No.2, p.211-222. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Four auxiliary handling devices for construction work (carpet wheels, a lifting strap for drain pipes, a portable cutting bench and portable storage rack for moulding, and a portable cutting bench for reinforcement rods) were examined. Nine to ten healthy men per device participated in the experiment. They moved rolls of carpeting, mounted drain pipes, cut pieces of moulding and drew the reinforcement rods to the cutter and cut them, some as in the past and some with the new system. Video recordings and electromyographic measurements were carried out to evaluate the effect of the four auxiliary handling devices on work postures and muscle load. The individual differences were significant. However, although the auxiliary handling devices clearly helped decrease the muscular load of some subjects, other subjects experienced an increased load. The individual differences were caused by differences in anthropometrics, work mode and work experience. The results of this study indicate that all the auxiliary devices aid the work being done but that they also need additional development. (74375)

CIS 00-274 An ergonomic design and performance evaluation of pipettes. Lee Y.H., Jiang M.S., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.487-493. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Subjective ratings of three pipettes are described in relation to performance, postures and strains on hand-arm-shoulder musculature. Models A and B were available on the market. Model C was ergonomically developed for the study. Gripping of the three models was distinct both in the anatomical and in the functional sense. Models A and B required a four-finger grasp with a thumb-operated plunger. Model C required a finger-palmar power grip and the plunger was operated by the fingers. Performance evaluation of the different pipettes in different tasks indicated that using the proposed model C resulted in a 2-3% lower fault rate, a 10% shorter completion time, and the highest subjective ratings of the three. When using model C, the shoulder was least abducted, the wrist was least extended, aa also least radially extended. Model C appeared to provide the greatest opportunity for delicate adjustments of posture in response to skin receptor activity and reduced strains on the upper body musculature, justifying the ergonomic input into the design. (74382)

CIS 00-275 Ergonomics evaluation of a manually operated cassava chipping machine. McNeill M., Westby A., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.565-570. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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A manually-operated machine for chipping cassava was evaluated. Physiological, postural, and subjective measurements were taken of six farmers. Using the machine resulted in drudgery and postural discomfort. Following an iterative design process and using appropriate anthropometric measurements, an improved, adjustable prototype was developed which was tested with the six farmers and six novice users. The machine reduced discomfort and physiological strain, allowed a faster work-rate with the novice users, and was preferred by all users. The study demonstrates how ergonomics can play an important role in reducing drudgery and improving user satisfaction in technology development and transfer in developing countries. (74387)

CIS 00-276 Working time is also a matter of health. (French: Le temps de travail, c'est aussi la santé...) Rocher M., Travail et sécurité, May 1999, No.584, p.32-42. Illus. 8 ref. (In French)

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Topics: ageing; cardiovascular disorders; circadian rhythm; functional digestive disorders; functional nervous disorders; health hazards; hours of work; nervous fatigue; shift work; sickness absenteeism; stress factors; work organization; work time schedules; work-rest schedules. (74462)

CIS 00-277 Aging and work: The occupational health services' perspective. Westerholm P., Kilbom Å, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.777-780. 16 ref. (In English)

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Studies of functional capacity and age are briefly reviewed and factors to be considered in the provision of occupational health services for an aging workforce are discussed. These include health surveys and pre-employment medical examinations, job placement and job design and development trends in working life. (74322)

CIS 00-278 Repeated survey on changes in musculoskeletal complaints relative to age and work demands. de Zwart B.C.H., Broersen J.P.J., Fings-Dresen M.H.W., van Dijk F.J.H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1997, Vol.54, No.11, p.793-799. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Repeated questionnaire data of male employees in heavy physical work and mental work, stratified for age, were analyzed. For most complaints, there were significantly greater increases in prevalences in the exposed group compared with the control group over the follow-up interval, particularly within the 40-49 year age group for back, neck and several sites of the upper and lower limbs. The 20-29 year age group also had significantly greater changes for several musculoskeletal complaints. Within the oldest age group (50-59) exposure to heavy physical work demands only affected changes in prevalences of neck and upper arm complaints. Results indicate that middle aged and younger employees develop musculoskeletal complaints as a result of exposure to heavy physical work. In the oldest age group health related selection seems to mask the occupational health risks under study. (74323)

CIS 00-279 Role of physical load factors in carpal tunnel syndrome. Viikari-Juntura E., Silverstein B., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1999, Vol.25, No.3, p.163-185. Illus. 87 ref. (In English)

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Epidemiologic and experimental studies were reviewed to assess the role of postural factors, high handgrip and pinch forces, repetitive hand and wrist movements, external pressure, and vibration in the occurrence of carpal-tunnel syndrome (CTS). Forceful repetitive work, vibration, and extreme wrist postures have been associated with CTS in several epidemiologic studies. Experimental studies have shown that certain forearm, wrist, and finger postures, even moderate hand loads and external pressure on the palm, can increase carpal tunnel pressure at least temporarily to levels at which nerve viability is threatened. There is sufficient information to suggest that reducing the duration, frequency or intensity of exposure to forceful repetitive work, extreme wrist postures and vibration is likely to result in a reduction of the incidence or severity of CTS in working populations. (74361)

CIS 00-280 Muscular fatigue and its effects on weight perception. Deeb J.M., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1999, Vol.24, No.2, p.223-233. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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To test the hypothesis that perception of weight is different if the muscle is fatigued, forty subjects (20 males and 20 females) between the ages of 18 and 30 participated in this experiment using a set of weights between 50 and 500g in increments of 50g resulting in ten variable weights. Subjects were tested, before and after training, on the use of Borg's Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Next, they were asked to exert and maintain a maximum push-down force with the right arm until fatigued. Immediately after fatigue, subjects were required to lift two weights in both the left and right arms simultaneously and compare the weight in the right arm (variable weight) to the one in the left arm (constant weight) and rate it on the RPE scale. The same process was followed without fatiguing the right arm. Results showed that when muscles were not fatigued, RPE values coincided well with the tested weight. However, when muscles were fatigued, the RPE values were significantly lower, with subjects perceiving the weight to be about 17% less. (74376)

CIS 00-281 Validity of self-reported duration of work postures obtained by interview. Mortimer M., Hjelm E.W., Wiktorin C., Pernold G., Kilbom Å., Vingård E., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.477-486. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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The aim of the study was to validate interview data on the duration of four work postures: 1) sitting; 2) standing/walking with hands above shoulder level; 3) standing/walking with hands between shoulder and knuckle level; and 4) standing/walking with hands below knuckle level. The self-reported time spent in each posture was compared to that observed and measured in 20 subjects during two full working days. Linear relationships between self-reports and observations were strong for sitting, hands above shoulder level, and hands below knuckle level. Results show that the interview model makes it easy for respondents to comprehend different descriptions of work postures and for the subjects to assess duration of respective work postures. Thus, interview data concerning time per day spent in sitting, standing/walking with hands above shoulder level and standing/walking with hands below knuckle level may be accurate enough for studying related health effects in epidemiological studies. (74381)

CIS 00-282 Assessment of workload and arm position during different work sequences: A study with portable devices on construction workers. Sporrong H., Sandsjö L., Kadefors R., Herberts P., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.495-503. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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The muscular engagement and postures of construction workers undertaking ceiling fitting were measured, and the results compared to those of laboratory studies. Two ambulatory devices were used, one to record electromyographic (EMG) signals bilaterally from the trapezium muscle, and the other to record the position of both arms and back. Results show that the work was mostly performed in an upright position, that both arms were used to a similar amount and that the workers for a large proportion of their working time had their upper arms at levels that are considered harmful in view of shoulder load. The EMG data showed that nearly 50% of the work was spent with trapezium activity that exceeded that of the reference contraction used and that only 10% of time was spent in muscular rest. It was concluded that the exposure of construction workers undertaking ceiling fitting meets the criteria formulated on the basis of laboratory experiments with respect to a high risk of chronic shoulder pain due to rotator cuff tendinitis. (74383)

CIS 00-283 Maximum isometric trunk muscle strength and activity at trunk axial rotation during sitting. Torén A., Öberg K., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1999, Vol.30, No.6, p.515-525. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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The twisted posture characteristic of drivers of agricultural tractors working in the field was studied. The relationship of trunk axial strength and muscle activity to trunk twisting angle of prerotation was determined and quantified. Differences between tractor drivers and office workers, and between the two directions of twisting action were also studied. Nine male tractor drivers and nine male office workers performed isometric maximum efforts at about -40, -20, 0, 20 and 40° of pre-set trunk twisting angles in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Results showed that the subjects could exert the greatest torques when prerotated in the opposite direction and the lowest torques when prerotated in the same direction to the direction of exertion. The exerted torques were within the range of 65-145Nm. There were large differences in activity of various muscles due to the twisting direction and to prerotation angle. (74384)

CIS 00-284 Human factors audit programs for nonrepetitive tasks. Koli S., Chervak S., Drury C.G., Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Summer 1998, Vol.8, No.3, p.215-231. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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In order to provide aircraft maintenance and inspection personnel with a rapid means of locating the human-system mismatches that can lead to errors, two human factors audits were developed. Both the inspection audit and the maintenance audit are in the form of measurement checklists, usable either on a portable computer or in paper form. Both were tested for reliability and modified until high reliability was achieved. Both were validated against human factors professionals, with both programmes identifying more mismatches than the practitioners. The programmes are in use at an airline as a complement to existing safety and quality audit systems. (74285)

CIS 00-285 Work in mines and diseases of the spinal column. (German: Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen und bergmännische Arbeit) Boldino B., Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Sozialhygiene der Universität Köln, Köln, Germany, 1998. 99p. Illus. 74 ref. (In German)

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The main cause of accidents and spinal diseases among coal miners is manual lifting and carrying of loads. Ergonomic improvements of mining workplaces having had no effect on the incidence, a new approach was initiated which emphasized the teaching of correct work postures. A check list was worked out for risk evaluation of all manual lifting and carrying tasks in underground and surface mining operations. A safety brochure was compiled, containing advice on risks and correct behaviour, posture and auxiliary equipment to be used when handling loads. A special training programme was also developed for safety personnel to be able to recognize wrong body postures and to teach workers the correct postures. (74479)

CIS 00-286 Occupational life-time of fire fighters. (German: Lebensarbeitszeit der Feuerwehrleute) Tempel J., Gewerkschaft öffentliche Dienste, Transport und Verkehr, Abteilung Feuerwehr, Theodor-Heuss-Strasse 2, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany, Apr. 1998. 57p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In German)

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The average life expectancy of professional fire fighters in Munich in 1997 was 65.4 years, far lower than the average life expectancy of 72.77 years of the male population in Germany in 1996. The causes for the lower life expectancy include continued night work throughout the years of active employment and multiple stress factors, such as the manipulation of heavy equipment, life-threatening duties, being injured at work, witnessing the death of a colleague or a child, understaffing, and increasing medical ambulance duties. Professional fire fighters above age 55 have limited ability to cope with requirements, and those above 60 no longer have the ability. The retirement age should be 55, rather than 61 as planned under current discussions on the extension of working life in Germany. (74474)

CIS 00-287 Manual lifting of loads: The NIOSH equation. (Spanish: Levantamiento manual de cargas: ecuación del NIOSH) Nogareda Cuixart S., Canosa Bravo M.M., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 7p. Illus. 4 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: backache; body mechanics; data sheet; manual handling; manual lifting; mathematical simulation; maximum acceptable weight of lift; physical workload; Spain; workload assessment. (74207)

CIS 00-288 Natural lighting. (French: L'éclairage naturel) Travail et sécurité, May 1999, No.584, insert, 4p. Illus. 2 ref. (In French)

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Topics: buildings; comfort criteria; data sheet; France; glare; glazing; illumination design; legislation; light measurement; natural lighting; rooflighting; solar radiation; windows; workplace design. (74461)

CIS 00-289 Practical safety data sheet: Design and layout of workplaces. (French: Fiche pratique de sécurité: conception et aménagement des postes de travail) Cam E., Durand B., Valadié M., Vandevyver B., Travail et sécurité, Feb. 1999, No.581, p.49-56. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

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Topics: access to workplaces; comment on standard; data sheet; design of equipment; ergonomics; legal aspects; materials handling; repetitive work; safe layout; signalling and communications; work posture; workplace design. (74483)

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CIS 00-290 Psychological training of firefighters and other members of rescue groups. Coping with stress and first line psychological support to victims. (Spanish: La preparación psicológica del bombero y otros miembros de grupos de rescate. Su aceptación al estrés y los primeros auxilios psicológicos a las víctimas) Rotger Llinás D., Mapfre seguridad, 2nd Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.74, p.23-33. Illus. 22 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: escape and rescue; fire services; neuropsychic stress; occupational psychology; physical training; stress factors. (74343)

CIS 00-291 Psychosocial factors at work and subsequent depressive symptoms in the Gazel cohort. Niedhammer I., Goldberg M., Leclerc A., Bugel I., David S., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1998, Vol.24, No.3, p.197-205. 39 ref. (In English)

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A prospective cohort of workers employed in a wide variety of occupations by the French national company EDF-GDF was studied in order to establish whether psychosocial factors at work are predictors of depressive symptoms. Self-administered questionnaires provided information about the psychosocial work environment characteristics, psychological job demands, decision latitude, and social support at work. Potential confounding variables were age, marital status, number of children, stressful personal and occupational events during the previous 12 months, educational level, occupation and previous absenteeism for mental disorders. High levels of psychological demands, low levels of decision latitude, and low levels of social support at work were significant predictors of subsequent depressive symptoms in both men and women workers. Results strongly support the possibility that psychosocial factors at work are predictive of depressive symptoms. (74368)

CIS 00-292 Integral analysis and evaluation of enterprises: A multilevel approach in terms of people, technology and organization. Strohm O., Ulich E., Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Summer 1998, Vol.8, No.3, p.233-250. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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Topics: human factors; information of personnel; job dissatisfaction; job study; man-machine interfaces; motivation; psychology of work organization; role of management; social climate; supply of information; work design; work efficiency; work organization; workplace design. (74286)

CIS 00-293 Applying human and system reliability analysis to the design and analysis of written procedures in high-risk industries. Sharit J., Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Summer 1998, Vol.8, No.3, p.265-281. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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A contextual modeling perspective to human and system reliability analysis is presented which looks at the detail and knowledge contained in the work procedures of high-risk industries. It is vital to have an understanding of the relationship between the work context which is largely reflected in written procedures, and behavioural tendencies. Specifically, this problem concerns how written procedures can contribute to human error, procedural violations, and ultimately adverse system outcomes. The application of this approach directly to the process of designing and analyzing written procedures is discussed. This perspective can benefit designers and writers of procedures by increasing their ability to anticipate how written procedures could contribute to human error and adverse outcomes. Examples illustrating these ideas are presented. (74287)

CIS 00-294 The assessment of big five personality factors and temperament domains as modifiers of cardiovascular response to occupational stress. Merecz D., Makowska Z., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, July-Sep. 1999, Vol.12, No.3, p.273-284. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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The role of the Big Five Personality Factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and Temperament Domains as factors influencing cardiovascular response to work, and their moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and cardiovascular reactivity was investigated in 97 bank clerks. Conscientiousness was found to be the only modifier of cardiovascular response to occupational stress, as reflected by systolic blood pressure. Several effects, independent of stress, associated with personality and temperament domains were also found: the ratio of heart rate at work to heart rate during sleep was associated with the strength of excitatory process, the percentage of maximum heart rate index with Conscientiousness, and systolic blood pressure at work was influenced by the strength of inhibitory process. However, physiological indicators of cardiovascular system function were not very sensitive to changes in values of personality and temperament variables at the level of occupational stress. (74294)

CIS 00-295 Psychological stress in work life. Kalimo R., Lim V.K.G., Hian T.T.S., Chappell D., Di Martino V., Obhasi B., Rhee K.Y., Estrella-Gust D.P., Shimomitsu T., Tomaszunas S., Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 1999, Vol.6, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Topics: conditions of work; health care personnel; hours of work; human behaviour; Japan; job dissatisfaction; Korea Rep. of; mental stress; migrant workers; neuropsychic stress; overstrain; Philippines; Singapore; social aspects; stress factors; Thailand; violence; voluntary workers. (74390)

CIS 00-296 Safety and health at work: Human factors affecting reliability and their role in risk prevention. European Commission, Directorate-General V, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, Directorate F, Unit V/F/5, 2557 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1996. 33p. Illus. 39 ref. (In English)

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Topics: analysis of accident causes; hazard evaluation; human factors; human failure; information of personnel; legal aspects; mining and quarrying; plant safety and health organization; reliability; report; safety and health training; workers participation; workplace design. (74253)

CIS 00-297 Health workers and AIDS - Research, intervention and current issues in burnout and response. Benett L., Ross M., Miller D., eds., Harwood Academic Publishers, Poststrasse 22, 7000 Chur, Switzerland, 1995. 419p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 3-7186-5659-0 (In English)

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Topics: ethics; health care personnel; immunodeficiency syndrome; overstrain; social aspects; stress factors; stress studies. (74454)

CIS 00-298 Illegal drug consumption and impairment of safety. (German: Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen) Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1998. 118p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-476-9 (In German)

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Papers presented at the symposium on the effects of illegal drug consumption on work capacity and traffic safety on 28 November 1998 in Sankt Augustin, Germany, addressed the following subjects: types of illegal drugs, and the extent and trend of use by men and women in various age groups in Germany; effects of illegal drug consumption on work capacity and traffic safety; alcoholism; provisions in the labour and labour protection laws concerning illegal drug consumption; methods of drug testing; determining work capacity of drug addicts; experiences of an industrial physician with drug screening of new employees; prevention of the use of illegal drugs at the workplace and in traffic. (74480)

CIS 00-299 Analysis of risks in hospitals: Stress and burnout. (Dutch: Risicoanalyse in de gezondheidssector: Stress en burnout; French: Analyse des risques dans les hôpitaux: stress et burnout) Service des publications, Ministère fédéral de l'Emploi et du Travail, Commissariat général à la promotion du travail, rue Belliard 51, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, Dec. 1998. 40p. Illus. 23 ref. (In Dutch, French)

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Topics: health care personnel; hospitals; job dissatisfaction; mental stress; nervous fatigue; neuropsychic stress; occupational psychology; overstrain; plant safety and health organization; social climate; stress factors. (74486)

CIS 00-300 Psychological harassment at work: Mobbing. (Spanish: El hostigamiento psicológico en el trabajo: mobbing) Martín Daza F., Pérez Bilbao J., López García-Silva J.A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1998. 6p. 10 ref. (In Spanish)

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Topics: bullying; data sheet; human behaviour; human relations; neuropsychic stress; psychological effects; Spain. (74206)

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