CIS 97-711 Law on Occupational Safety and Health [Romania]. (Romanian: Legea protecţiei muncii) Monitorul Oficial al României, 23 July 1996, Vol.8, No.157, p.1-10. (In Romanian)

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New basic OSH law, effective: 21 Sep. 1996. Contents: general provisions; technical equipment, personal protective equipment, supply of protective equipment and health materials; obligatory OSH measures; coordination and control of OSH activities in the workplace; occupational accidents and diseases; legal responsibility; transitional measures. Law No.5/1965 on OSH and ordinances 2896/1966 and 2494/1969 (all abstracted in CIS 81-1195) as well as several other ordinances are repealed. In annex: areas and industries for which OSH standards are to be issued. (69016)

CIS 97-712 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 - (Repeals and Revocations) Order, 1995 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1995. 10p. Price: IEP 2.00 + 0.48 (postage). (In English)

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The purpose of this Order (effective 21 Dec. 1995) is to repeal or revoke certain provisions or the totality of obsolete and/or redundant Irish legal instruments concerning OSH, as provided for in the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 (see CIS 90-1751). Among the regulations revoked are those corresponding to the following CIS numbers: 73-653, 73-990, 73-994, 94-756, 94-760, 94-761, 94-762, 94-763, 94-781. (69013)

CIS 97-713 Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Miscellaneous Welfare Provisions) Regulations, 1995 [Ireland]. Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1995. 4p. Price: IEP 0.60 + 0.36 (postage). (In English)

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Regulation (effective 21 Dec. 1995) issued under the authority of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989 (see CIS 90-1751). It provides for basic standards of cleanliness, sitting facilities, supply of drinking water and eating facilities in the workplace. (69014)

CIS 97-714 Order of 9 July 1996 of the Minister of Health and Social Welfare concerning the evaluation and measurement of harmful factors in the workplace [Poland]. (Polish: Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia i Opieki Społecznej z dnia 9 lipca 1996 r. w sprawie badań i pomiarów czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy) Dziennik Ustaw, 22 July 1996, No.86, p.1896-1898. (In Polish)

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This Order (effective 5 Aug. 1996) regulates the evaluation and measurement of harmful factors in the workplace, including the keeping of records and the communication of the investigation results to workers. (69015)

CIS 97-715 Order approving the methodology standards prescribed by the Law on Occupational Safety and Health (No.90/1996) [Romania]. (Romanian: Ordin privind aprobarea normelor metodologice în aplicarea prevederilor Legii protecţiei muncii nr. 90/1996) Ministerul muncii şi protecţiei sociale (Ministry of Labour and Social Protection), Monitorul Oficial al României, 15 Oct. 1996, Vol.8, No.249, p.1-37. (In Romanian)

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These standards cover provisions concerning the certification of personal protective equipment, the notification and recording of occupational accidents and diseases and protective measures applying to dangerous work. (69017)

CIS 97-716 Royal Decree 773 of 30 May 1997 concerning the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 773/1997, de 30 de mayo, sobre disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud relativas a la utilización por los trabajadores de equipos de protección individual [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 12 June 1997, No.140, p.18000-18017. (In Spanish)

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Transposition into Spanish law of European Directive 89/656/EEC (see CIS 90-385). Entry into force: 12 Aug. 1997. Contents: definition of the terms used; general obligations of the employer; criteria for the safe use of personal protective equipment (PPE); minimal characteristics of PPE; selection, use and maintenance of PPE; requirements concerning information, training, consultation and participation of workers; obligations of workers. Non-exhaustive guide lists of items of PPE as well as of sectors of activity which may require the provision of PPE are given in an appendix. (69075)

CIS 97-717 Notification of Department of Labour Welfare and Protection - Re: Rules Procedures for Selection of Representatives of Employees at Operational Level [Thailand]. Royal Thai Government Gazette, 19 Nov. 1995, Vol.49, No.19, English translation, p.444-448. (In English)

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These rules relate to the selection of occupational safety and health representatives at the operational level in enterprises. (69079)

CIS 97-718 The Factories Act - The Factories (Qualifications and Training of Safety Officers) Notification 1995 [Singapore]. Republic of Singapore - Government Gazette (Subsidiary Legislation Supplement), 20 Oct. 1995, No.53, p.1730-1733. (In English)

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This notification was introduced under the authority of the Factories Act (CIS 91-703). It sets out the educational, training and length-of-experience requirements for safety officers as well as the obligations regarding further training and certification of such persons once they are named. (69080)

CIS 97-719 List of current health and safety legislation 1996 [United Kingdom]. Health an Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. iii, 70p. Price: GBP 11.95 (including computer diskette)., ISBN 0-7176-1311-9 (In English)

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This list contains all health and safety legislation that applies in the United Kingdom and continues to have an effect on business. Part I contains the primary legislation or Acts of Parliament, and Part II contains regulations and orders made under powers in primary legislation. Entries are arranged in chronological order with their reference number and full title. The printed list is accompanied by an electronic version on computer diskette. (69248)

CIS 97-720 Health and Safety at Work - Industrial Medical Services and Occupational Health and Safety Services. Equivalent numbers of workers. Repeal of Titles II and VIII of Annex I of Decree 351/79 [Argentina]. (Spanish: Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo - Servicios de Medicina y de Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo. Trabajadores equivalentes. Deróganse los Títulos II y VIII del Anexo I del Decreto Nº351/79 [Argentina]) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 28 Nov. 1996, Year 104, p.4-5. (In Spanish)

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This Decree dated 25 Nov. 1996 imposes the obligation on employers to provide an industrial medical service and an occupational health and safety service to their employees. These services may be internal or external to the enterprise. The number of "medical hours" and "OSH service hours" per week made available to the workers depends on the number of "equivalent workers" (EWs), defined as the total number of production workers plus 50% of the number of administrative workers. The number of safety officials also depends on the number of EWs. Certain activities are excluded from the obligations imposed by this Decree: agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (with up to 15 workers); temporary agricultural workplaces; establishments entirely devoted to administration (with up to 200 workers); medical services; education (if there are no workshops); automobile repair shops (up to 5 workers); entertainment (<3 workers). (69018)

CIS 97-721 Instruction on the preventive medical examination of workers [Slovenia]. (Slovenian: Navodilo za opravljanje preventivnih zdravstvenih pregledov delavcev) Uradni list Republike Slovenije, 29 Nov. 1996, Year 6, No.68, p.5797-5798. (In Slovenian)

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This instruction, dated 15 Nov. 1996 and effective 30 Nov. 1996, specifies the criteria to be satisfied by a medical institution in order to be certified to carry out preventive medical examinations of workers. (69019)

CIS 97-722 Royal Decree 665 of 12 May 1997 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogenic agents at work [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 665/1997, de 12 de mayo, sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a agentes cancerígenos durante el trabajo [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 24 May 1997, No.124, p.16111-16115. (In Spanish)

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This Decree enters into force on 24 July 1997. It implements in Spain the provisions of Directive 90/394/EEC (CIS 90-1758). It covers: aims and scope of the decree; definition of carcinogens; responsibilities of the employer (identification and evaluation of the hazard; substitution where possible; prevention and reduction of exposure; personal hygiene and PPE; accidental and irregular exposure; health surveillance; documentation; information of competent authorities; information and training of workers). In annex: processes and jobs at particular risk of exposing workers; practical recommendations for health surveillance of workers. (69012)

CIS 97-723 Spray Painting Regulations 1996 [Lesotho]. Lesotho Government Gazette, 15 Nov. 1996, Vol.41, No.106, p.1339-1347. (In English)

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These regulations (effective on publication) cover: interpretation; spray painting inside and outside the booth; booth ventilation; exhaust ducts in booth; electrostatic spray painting; storage and handling of flammable paints and materials; precautions against ignition; obligatory provision of respiratory protection equipment; cleaning of the booth. In schedules: toxic paint substances (solid and solvent components; curing agents); TWA exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants. (69071)

CIS 97-724 Order of 11 Sep. 1996 of the Minister of Health and Social Welfare concerning carcinogenic factors in the workplace and on the surveillance of workers exposed to them [Poland]. (Polish: Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia i Opieki Społecznej z dnia 11 września 1996 r. w sprawie czynników rakotwórczych w środowisku pracy oraz nadzoru nad stanem zdrowia pracowników zawodowo narażonych na te czynniki) Dziennik Ustaw, 11 Oct. 1996, No.121, p.2564-2579. (In Polish)

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This Order (effective 11 Dec. 1996) defines proven and presumed carcinogenic substances, factors and processes. It also prescribes a procedure to monitor the health of exposed workers. (69072)

CIS 97-725 Regulations on reporting to the Product Register [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1986. 10p. (In English)

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These regulations specify when a chemical product should be reported to the Product Register and what information should be provided. In annex: list of chemicals that should always be reported. (69164)

CIS 97-726 Regulations on permit requirements for extremely dangerous and very dangerous chemical products [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1986. 3p. (In English)

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These regulations specify which types of chemical products are deemed extremely dangerous or very dangerous and require a permit and a record of supplying. (69165)

CIS 97-727 Regulations on certain active substances (pesticides) [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1993. 11p. (In English)

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These regulations concern the approval of pesticides. In appendixes: list of substances which may not be used as active ingredients in approved pesticide products; list of substances which may not be used as active ingredients in approved plant protection products; list of substances whose use is severely restricted. (69166)

CIS 97-728 General Recommendations issued by the Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate and accompanying its regulations (KIFS 1994:12) on the Classification and Labeling of Chemical Products [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1994. 82p. Illus. (In English)

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These are recommendations on the implementation of the regulations KIFS 1994:12 on the Classification and Labelling of Chemical Products. (The regulations contain the same stipulations as the EC Directives 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23) and 88/379/EEC (CIS 91-21) with three derogations: the category of danger Moderately Harmful; a list of classification of 57 substances; criteria for classification of carcinogenic substances.) The recommendations cover: background; introductory provisions; definitions; classification; labelling; substance names; risk phrases, symbols of danger and safety advice phrases; labelling design; duty information; special rules on labelling; further provisions. Appendix 1: the connection between classification and labelling. Appendix 2: symbols and indications of danger. Appendix 3: criteria of classification and labelling. Appendix 4: further provisions on labelling. (69167)

CIS 97-729 General Recommendations issued by the National Chemicals Inspectorate and the National Inspectorate of Explosives and Flammables concerning implementation of the Regulations on Safety Data Sheets [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1994. 10p. (In English)

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These recommendations on the implementation of KIFS 1994:13 and SäIFS 1994:4 cover: identification of the substance/preparation and of the company/undertaking; composition/information on ingredients; hazard identification, first-aid measures; fire fighting measures; accidental release measures; handling and storage; exposure controls/personal protection; physical and chemical properties; stability and reactivity; toxicological information; ecological information; disposal considerations; transport information; regulatory information; other information. (69168)

CIS 97-730 The National Chemicals Inspectorate's Regulations on Safety Data Sheets [Sweden]. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, 1994. 5p. (In English)

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These regulations came into force on 1 January 1995 and supersede KIFS 1986:4 (CIS 89-722). They cover: scope; duty to provide a safety data sheet; design and contents; updating of safety data sheets; liability; transitional provisions. (69169)

CIS 97-731 Gas - The Gas Safety (Rights of Entry) Regulations 1996 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1996. 6p. Price: GBP 1.55., ISBN 0-11-063134-X (In English)

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These Regulations (entry into force: 1 Nov. 1997) confer right of entry upon "public gas transporters" and "relevant authorities" to enter premises for the purpose of preventing gas escapes, examining and disconnecting "gas fittings" and related purposes. (69076)

CIS 97-732 Noise Regulations, 1996 [Lesotho]. Lesotho Government Gazette, 15 Nov. 1996, Vol.41, No.106, p.1336-1338. (In English)

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Contents of these regulations (effective on publication): interpretation; noise measurement; obligations by the employer to reduce noise; personal hearing protection; information, instruction and training of employees; noise reports; noise data. (69020)

CIS 97-733 Royal Decree 664 of 12 May 1997 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work [Spain]. (Spanish: Real Decreto 664/1997, de 12 de mayo, sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a agentes biológicos durante el trabajo [España]) Boletín Oficial del Estado, 24 May 1997, No.124, p.16100-16111. Illus. (In Spanish)

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This Decree enters into force on 24 July 1997. It implements in Spain the provisions of Directive 90/679/EEC (CIS 91-29), as amended by 93/88/EEC (CIS 94-783) and 95/30/EC. It covers: scope, definitions and classification; obligations of employers; diverse provisions (health and veterinary establishments other than diagnostic laboratories; special measures applying to industrial procedures, laboratories and animal-housing locations). In annex: indicative list of occupations where exposure is likely; classification of biological agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi); label to indicate biological hazards; containment recommendations (general, industrial processes, practical recommendations for vaccination). (69011)

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CIS 97-734 Di-n-octyl phthalate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May affect the liver. (69181)

CIS 97-735 1,4-Dioxane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Irritates the respiratory tract. May burn the eyes and skin. May cause lightheadedness, dizziness and fainting. May affect the liver and kidneys. It is a flammable liquid. (69182)

CIS 97-736 Diphenyl dichlorosilane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Corrosive effects on the eyes and skin. May cause permanent eye damage. Irritates the respiratory tract. (69183)

CIS 97-737 2-Ethoxyethanol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym (trade name): Cellosolve. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. It may damage the testes, resulting in decreased fertility. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause anaemia, affect the central nervous system and damage the kidneys. (69184)

CIS 97-738 Ethyl acrylate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate and burn the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema. May cause neurotoxic effects and skin allergy. It is a highly flammable and reactive chemical. (69185)

CIS 97-739 Ethyl alcohol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: ethanol. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May cause mutations and should be handled with extreme caution. May damage the foetus. Irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause neurotoxic effects and damage the liver. It is a flammable liquid. (69186)

CIS 97-740 Ethyl benzene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May cause mutations and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause neurotoxic effects and damage the liver. It is a flammable liquid. (69187)

CIS 97-741 Ethyl butyl ketone. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: 3-heptanone. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. (69188)

CIS 97-742 Ethyl methacrylate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. May damage the nervous system and cause skin allergy. It is a flammable liquid. (69189)

CIS 97-743 Lead acetate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May lead to lead poisoning with poor appetite, colic, upset stomach, nausea and vomiting. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause headache, irritability, reduced memory and disturbed sleep. May damage the nerves causing weakness, "pins and needles" sensations and poor coordination in the arm and legs. May cause brain and kidney damage and anaemia. (69190)

CIS 97-744 Lead chloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a mutagen an a possible carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May cause reproductive damage. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause poor appetite, weight loss, colic, upset stomach, nausea, muscle cramps, pigment changes, muscle or joint pains, weakness, nerve damage, anaemia, kidney and brain damage. (69191)

CIS 97-745 2-Methoxyethanol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May damage the testes. May irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause neurotoxic effects, anaemia and kidney damage. (69192)

CIS 97-746 Methyl alcohol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: methanol. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause blurred vision or blindness, neurotoxic effects and liver damage. It is a flammable liquid. (69193)

CIS 97-747 Methyl isocyanate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May burn the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause permanent eye damage, lung oedema and an asthma-like allergy. It is a flammable and highly reactive chemical. (69194)

CIS 97-748 Nickel ammonium sulfate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May irritate and burn the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause skin allergy and an asthma-like allergy. May affect the kidneys. (69195)

CIS 97-749 Nickel hydroxide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate and burn the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause skin allergy and an asthma-like allergy. May affect the kidneys. (69196)

CIS 97-750 N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: ethylnitrosourea. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May damage the liver. (69197)

CIS 97-751 Polychlorinated biphenyls. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym (trade mark): Aroclors. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. These substances are carcinogens and should be handled with extreme caution. They may damage the reproductive system, irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract, may cause chloracne, and damage the nervous system and the liver. (69198)

CIS 97-752 Propylene oxide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May burn the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May damage the eyes and lungs and lead to pneumonia. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. It is a highly flammable and reactive chemical. (69199)

CIS 97-753 Pyridine. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause stomach upset, headache, dizziness, lightheadedness and confusion. May cause skin allergy and damage the liver, kidneys and brain. It is a flammable liquid. (69200)

CIS 97-754 Trimethyl benzene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1997. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause bronchitis, dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. Exposed persons may feel nervous, tense, tired and sleepy. May affect blood cells. (69201)

CIS 97-755 Trimethylchlorosilane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Corrosive effects on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema and permanent eye damage. It is a highly flammable and reactive liquid. (69202)

CIS 97-756 Turpentine. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema and skin allergy. May damage the kidneys, the bladder and the nervous system. It is a flammable liquid. (69203)

CIS 97-757 Zinophos. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: thionazin. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. Fatal skin absorption can occur without skin irritation. May cause fatal organophosphate poisoning with headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and loss of coordination. May affect the nervous system. (69204)

CIS 97-758 Trifluoromethane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a mutagen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the skin and respiratory tract. May cause dermatitis, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting and irregular heartbeat. (69205)

CIS 97-759 Trimethylamine. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May burn the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema. It is a highly flammable liquid or gas. (69206)

CIS 97-760 Sodium arsenite. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate and burn the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May damage the nerves with numbness and weakness of the arms and legs. (69207)

CIS 97-761 Tetrachloroethylene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. It may damage the developing foetus. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. May cause pulmonary oedema, damage the liver and kidneys and affect the nervous system. (69208)

CIS 97-762 Tetraethyl lead. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May cause reproductive damage and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause loss of vision. May cause poor appetite, weight loss, upset stomach, nausea, irritability, disturbed sleep, reduced memory, personality changes, muscle and joint pains, weakness and easy fatigue. May cause anaemia, kidney and brain damage. It is a highly reactive chemical and an explosion hazard. (69209)

CIS 97-763 Thioacetamide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. May seriously damage the liver. (69210)

CIS 97-764 Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a mutagen and a possible carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema and an asthma-like allergy. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, memory and concentration problems. (69211)

CIS 97-765 Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema, memory and concentration problems and an asthma-like allergy. (69212)

CIS 97-766 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. May damage the liver and kidneys. (69213)

CIS 97-767 Vinyl acetate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May decrease fertility in males. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause fatigue, irritability, disturbed sleep, dizziness and lightheadedness. May affect the heart, nervous system and liver. It is a flammable and reactive chemical. (69214)

CIS 97-768 Acetone cyanohydrin. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause weakness, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting and pounding of the heart. May cause the thyroid gland to enlarge. (69215)

CIS 97-769 Aniline hydrochloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate and burn the eyes and skin. May cause methaemoglobinaemia. (69216)

CIS 97-770 Antimony trichloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a mutagen and may cause reproductive damage and should be handled with extreme caution. Corrosive effects on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Metallic taste may occur. May damage the liver and heart. (69217)

CIS 97-771 Benzal chloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: benzylidene chloride. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting. (69218)

CIS 97-772 Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema. (69219)

CIS 97-773 1,2-Butylene oxide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May cause mutations and damage the developing foetus and should be handled with extreme caution. May irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause lightheadedness and fainting. It is a flammable and reactive chemical. (69220)

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CIS 97-774 Personal protection at the workplace. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1993. 32p. Illus. (In English)

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This guide describes the basic requirements and the use of personal protective equipment. It covers head, eye, ear, hand, leg, skin and respiratory protection. References to Indian standards are given. (69041)

CIS 97-775 Working environment science. (Swedish: Arbetsmiljökunskap) Nenzén B., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 64+23p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-431-3, ISBN 91-7522-432-1 (In Swedish)

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Training manual and teacher's guide for Swedish upper secondary schools (or senior high schools). It covers: physical hazards (noise, lighting, indoor climate, vibrations, radiation); chemical hazards (allergies, preventive measures); biological hazards; psychological and social factors; ergonomics; accidents and diseases; first aid; introduction to work; youths at work; work with displays; work organization; environmental hazards; fire hazards; occupational health service; rehabilitation; internal control; safety representatives; legislation. (69087)

CIS 97-776 ASA - Work safety analysis. (Swedish: ASA - Arbetssäkerhetsanalys) Wallberg A., Abrahamsson L., Hallgren L., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1st ed., 1994. 56p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-442-9 (In Swedish)

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The ASA technique (arbetssäkerhetsanalys, work safety analysis) is a simple and practical method for the identification of risks and for the taking of safety measures in manual operations and production systems. It is a tool for developing products and increasing safety at work, applicable in most industries. It can be used for the identification of disturbances in production, when planning reconstruction or changes in production, for raising awareness of risks and for the prevention of accidents. Main topics: systematic safety work; work safety analysis (when and how to use it, who should participate); planning of the work with the analyses; examples of analysis made in a warehouse and a paper mill. (69088)

CIS 97-777 Safety training methods: Practical solutions for the next millennium. Re Velle J.B., Stephenson J., John Wiley and Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158-0012, USA; and Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1995. xii, 320p. Illus. Index. Price: USD 69.95 (in North America), GBP 65.00 (in Europe)., ISBN 0-471-55230-5 (In English)

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A guide to designing, implementing and monitoring on-the-job health and safety training. Contents: fundamentals of safety and health training; roles and responsibilities in safety training; training requirements of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); training technology; training records; general safety training topics (OSHA rights and responsibilities, housekeeping, personal protective equipment); specific training in relation to emergency actions and reporting, hazard recognition and inspections, hazard communications, lockout and tagout, first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and medical operations, and fire safety; evaluating safety training effectiveness. (69145)

CIS 97-778 Better working environment - Pupils' safety representatives. (Swedish: Bättre arbetsmiljö - elevskyddsombud) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1992. 72p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-269-8 (In Swedish)

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This basic training manual on occupational safety and health is prepared for students' safety representatives in schools. It covers: background information; work with the working environment in practice; the psychosocial working environment; strain injuries; vision and lighting; the ear, hearing and noise; vibration; chemical hazards; ventilation; personal protective equipment; the external environment; regulations. (69170)

CIS 97-779 Some safety thoughts: A collection of short articles on safety. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1995. 44p. Illus. (In English)

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This safety booklet covers: back pain; slips and falls; safer kitchens; fires; electrical safety; smoking and fires; fireworks; treating burns; safe toys; safe driving; driving and alcohol; planning a safe office; keeping the workplace clean; eye protection; good safety management. (69042)

CIS 97-780 First aid at the workplace: Training manual for first aiders; Teacher's guide. (Swedish: Första hjälpen på arbetsplatsen: Kursbok för skyddssamariter; Lärarhandledning) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 4th ed., 1994. 48p+52p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-7522-391-0, ISBN 91-7522-392-9 (In Swedish)

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Revised edition of the manuals abstracted under CIS 88-149 and CIS 89-771. They are recommended for use at a 16-hour training course for first aiders. The manuals should also be reviewed regularly. They cover: preparedness at the workplace (responsibilities of employers, first aiders and occupational health services); first-aid kits and dressing materials; how to judge the situation when an accident has happened; measures in cases of unconsciousness (breathing, pulse), respiratory arrest (unconscious, no breathing but pulse) and heart arrest (unconscious, no breathing and no pulse); cardiopulmonary resuscitation of children; choking; bleeding; shock; sudden illness (asthma, allergy, epilepsy, diabetes, heart diseases); other acute accidents (burns, chemical burns, eye injuries, poisoning, frostbite, skull injuries, back and neck injuries, fractures); how to move an injured person; psychological reactions; check list. (69084)

CIS 97-781 New at the construction site: Handbook; Instructor's booklet; Participant's booklet. (Swedish: Ny på bygget: Handbok; Handledarhäfte; Deltagarhäfte) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1st ed., 1996. 54p+16p+23p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-487-9, ISBN 91-7522-488-7, ISBN 91-7522-489-5 (In Swedish)

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Research on accidents at construction sites shows that accidents are most frequent during the three first months of employment. A factor common to these accidents is insufficient introduction to the work. This manual was developed to provide this orientation. Contents: laws and regulations; role of various personnel at the construction site; organizations dealing with the construction industry; preventive measures; physical hazards; psychological and social working environment; rehabilitation. The participant's booklet in pocket size gives short information how to work safely and has space for notes. (69083)

CIS 97-782 Managing contractors - A guide for employers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. v, 50p. Illus. 33 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1196-5 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on the management of jobs involving contractors. It is intended primarily for owners, directors and managers of small to medium-sized chemical companies. Contents: the use of contractors and the need to include them in in-house health and safety procedures; legal requirements; assessment of existing procedures and development of an action plan; five-step approach to managing contractors and ensuring safe working (planning, choosing a contractor, procedures for contractors working on site, keeping a check, reviewing the work). (69249)

CIS 97-783 Formula for health and safety: Guidance for small and medium-sized firms in the chemical industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. v, 69p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-0996-0 (In English)

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This document, useful for training purposes, surveys the principles of health and safety management in the chemical industry, identifies the main hazards and provides guidance on risk control. Contents: managing health and safety (establishing a policy, measuring performance, assessing risks, preparing an action plan, and prioritizing improvements); hazards related to fire, explosions, work-related ill-health, equipment and the workplace, and electricity; safety measures in relation to the storage of hazardous substances, production operations, maintenance and modification of plant and processes, and storage, packaging and distribution of the finished product; emergency organization. (69260)

CIS 97-784 Automatic sprinkler installation. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1996. 4p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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This fire safety data sheet on sprinkler systems covers: water supplies; pipe-work; sprinkler heads; auxiliaries. It is usable for training. (69047)

CIS 97-785 Fire hydrant installation. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1996. 4p. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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This fire safety data sheet on fire hydrants covers: source of water supply; pumps; hydrant mains; hydrants; auxiliaries. It is usable for training. (69048)

CIS 97-786 Electromagnetic fields and power lines - Present status and health aspects. (French: Champs électromagnétiques et lignes électriques - Etat de la question et aspects sanitaires) Maillard D., Girard J.F., Ministère de la Santé publique et de l'Assurance maladie, 8 avenue de Ségur, 75350 Paris 07 SP, France, 1994. 28p. Illus. 7 ref. (In French)

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Main subjects treated in this safety guide on electromagnetic fields: definitions; electric current; electric and magnetic fields; ionizing radiation; biological effects. (69230)

CIS 97-787 Light and vision at work. (Swedish: Ljus och seende i arbetslivet) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1st ed., 1993. 71p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-362-7 (In Swedish)

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This manual describes the relationship between light, objects and the eye, how to reduce the risk of strain injuries and other injuries, save electricity and maintain the lighting in a safe and simple way. It also describes a method to identify and map the situation in premises with respect to light sources, lighting fittings, assignments and individual requirements. Examples of the elimination of lighting/vision problems are given. The manual is also useful for quality assurance in the work environment and for internal control. It covers: vision; visual ergonomics; light and light sources; light fixtures; glare; technical aspects (reflection, absorption, transmission); work with visual display units; energy and economy; maintenance; measurement; practical examples; legislation; table of light sources and their properties. (69089)

CIS 97-788 Necessary competence and skills of a person conducting handling operations with lifting equipment. (French: Compétences requises et savoir-faire: du préposé à la conduite des manœuvres réalisées avec un appareil de levage) Organisme professionnel de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Comité national, Tour Amboise, 204 rond-point du Pont-de-Sèvres, 92516 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France, 1994. 12p., ISBN 2-7354-0228-1 (In French)

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Training material to help managers of construction enterprises build teams capable of safely carrying out handling operations on worksites with the aid of cranes and associated equipment. Contents: different accessories and risks associated with handling operations; basic knowledge; technology of lifting accessories; use of lifting accessories. Relevant French regulations are cited for each point. (69175)

CIS 97-789 Using work equipment safely. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 15p. 25 ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides simple, practical advice on the safe use of work equipment. It is aimed at owners and managers of small businesses. Guidance is given on the identification of potential hazards, and the reduction of risk by using the right equipment for the job, making sure that machinery and hand tools are safe, maintenance of machinery and equipment, and instruction and training of employees. The duties of employees in relation to the use of equipment are also outlined. (69136)

CIS 97-790 Protecting the public - Your next move. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. v, 49p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: GBP 7.95., ISBN 0-7176-1148-5 (In English)

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Safety guide useful for training purposes concerning the protection of the public (children, authorized visitors etc.) against accidents on construction sites. Topics covered: legal requirements; maintenance of site boundaries; development of authorization procedures (who needs authorization, controlling access, information of visitors); specific hazards (e.g. scaffolding, excavations, slips, falls, machinery and equipment, hazardous substances, storing and stacking materials, electricity, dust, noise, vibration, falling objects, on-site vehicles, road works etc.) and protection against them; selected groups at risk (the disabled, children); premises needing special attention (occupied premises, health-care establishments, house building sites); hazard identification. (69274)

CIS 97-791 Safe two wheeler driving. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1994. 6p. Illus. (In English)

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This leaflet describes defensive driving techniques for motorized two-wheelers. (69043)

CIS 97-792 Defensive driving for safer motoring. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1996. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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This leaflet describes defensive driving techniques. It covers: preventing crashes; pedestrians; basic traffic laws; keep safe following distance; drinks, drugs and driving; car care; petrol saving; traffic police hand signals. (69044)

CIS 97-793 The designer creates the working environment in production. (Swedish: Konstruktören skapar arbetsmiljön i produktionen) Willkrans R., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1st ed., 1992. 59p. Illus. 19 ref., ISBN 91-7522-327-9 (In Swedish)

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This manual describes how the working environment in production areas is affected by the design of the products, which determines the choice of materials and of manufacturing processes. Examples from different companies are given. Simple changes of design have improved the production environment. Cooperation between the design and production divisions is necessary to create good solutions. This textbook is useful for designers, people in production and people responsible for the working environment. Contents: design for a good working environment in production; to choose the right design; specifications - a good tool; the organization of the company has an effect; systematic improvement - the manager's responsibility (internal control, quality assurance, policy); examples of economic effects; tools for design work. (69081)

CIS 97-794 RSI hazards handbook: A workers' guide to repetitive strain injuries and how to prevent them. London Hazard Centre, Interchange Studios, Dalby St., London NW5 3NQ, United Kingdom, 1997. iii, 99p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 12.00 (GBP 4.50 to trade unions and other qualifying organizations)., ISBN 0-948974-14-1 (In English)

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Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a collective name for musculoskeletal diseases caused by excessive work loads or rates using poorly designed equipment. Workers in food processing, electronics, clothing, cars, packing, cleaning, furniture and many other industries are affected as well as keyboard operating staff. Disability, if not recognized in time, can become permanent. Adequate information and prevention programmes should be arranged by trade unions and other workers' organizations. (69021)

CIS 97-795 Reason through feelings - To inform about risks. (Swedish: Förnuft via känsla - att informera om risker) Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 62p. Illus., ISBN 91-7522-411-9 (In Swedish)

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This manual is written for managers and foremen who want to develop their ability to inform their colleagues and to discuss risks and attitudes towards risks with them. It describes basic psychological reasons why people take risks at work and how to raise awareness and change behaviour through sensitive communication and dialogue. Contents: who has the responsibility when people ignore risks; how do we reason when taking risks; to talk through defence mechanisms and create a dialogue; it does not help to frighten; the effect of threatening with punishment; to talk about a near accident; to manage by creating an open attitude; rotation of work to create safer work places. (69090)

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CIS 97-796 Organizational factors influencing serious occupational accidents. Salminen S., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1993, Vol.19, No.5, p.352-357. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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The study described in this article aims at examining organizational factors influencing serious occupational accidents, as part of a larger project investigating 99 serious occupational accidents in southern Finland. A workplace analysis and an accident analysis were done at accident sites and 73 victims, 91 foremen and 83 co-workers were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The results showed that the need to save time, tight schedules and a lack of caution had a greater influence on accidents than did the foremen, co-workers, customers, professional pride, curiosity or the wage system. Big companies had the lowest risk of serious occupational accidents. Accident risk was significantly greater for subcontractors than for main contractors. (68965)

CIS 97-797 Managing safety for productivity improvement. Olajire K., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1996, Vol.14, No.12, p.27-31. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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The economic costs of failing to have an effective safety programme are identified and a methodology is put forward for converting these costs into profit. The technique is based on a calculation of safety inputs, defined as all resources used to realize a particular level of safety, and a calculation of output, defined in terms of the objectives of a safety programme. Hypothetical input and output data are used in a productivity model, and the effects of various inputs are discussed with respect to productivity, price recovery and profitability. (69153)

CIS 97-798 Total and occupationally active life expectancies in relation to social class and marital status in men classified as healthy at 20 in Finland. Kaprio J., et al., Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dec. 1996, Vol.50, p.653-660. Illus. 54 ref. (In English)

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Occurrence of work disability was assessed from Finnish nationwide disability pension register data. In a historical cohort study 1662 men classified as completely healthy at the time of induction to military service were selected with a mean follow up time of 46 years. Mean total life expectancy was highest among executives and managers (73.2 years), next highest in white collar workers (72.0 years) and lowest in unskilled blue collar workers (63.65 years). The ratio of occupationally active life expectancy to total life expectancy was highest for executives (85%) and lowest for farmers (81%) and unskilled workers (82%). (69028)

CIS 97-799 A common approach to workplace and environmental risk. Goats G.C., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1996, Vol.14, No.12, p.20-25. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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Similarities in the legislative approaches to occupational and environmental risk in the United Kingdom are discussed. The interpretation of the notion that occupational risks should be reduced until they are 'as low as reasonably practicable' (ALARP) is examined, and sources of guidance for achieving a satisfactory level of safety are described. The role of risk assessment and risk management in the formulation and implementation of environmental policy is discussed, and the concepts of 'best available techniques not entailing excessive cost' (BATNEEC) and 'best practicable environmental option' (BPEO) are examined. (69152)

CIS 97-800 A fresh look at risk assessment. Boyle A.J., Safety and Health Practitioner, Feb. 1997, Vol.15, No.2, p.36-41. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Problems associated with the definition of risk assessment are discussed with reference to: risk assessment terminology (meaning of hazard and risk); the role of risk assessment in health and safety management; the nature of hazard identification; and the nature of risk rating. It is argued that problems with risk assessment terminology arise from fundamental difficulties with the meaning of hazard identification and risk rating. Puts forward an approach to hazard identification based on an investigation of the ways in which activities are carried out, by whom, and under what conditions. (69150)

CIS 97-801 Strategic quality planning. Yarborough C.M., Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1994, Vol.36, No.4, p.414-418. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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A practical approach for incorporating the principles of total quality management (TQM) within an occupational and environmental health setting is described. The method, called the Strategic Quality Plan, uses TQM principles to pursue business objectives (eg, improving the identification of health risks, reducing excessive health risks), customer satisfaction and continuous improvement. Design of the plan involves production of a matrix of business objectives and quality process drivers, a set of flow-charts with time lines, and a deployment plan to begin implementation. (69280)

CIS 97-802 Guidance on risk assessment at work. (French: Mémento pour l'évaluation des risques professionnels; German: Anleitung zur Risikobewertung am Arbeitsplatz) European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1996. 59p. Price: ECU 7.00., ISBN 92-827-4276-8 (German), ISBN 92-827-4279-2 (French) (In French, German)

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This document provides practical guidance on implementing the risk assessment requirements of Council Directive 89/391/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in worker health and safety. Part 1 describes the principles and general practice of risk assessment at work and provides guidance on the selection, involvement and use of external consultants. Part 2 addresses the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Includes illustrative examples of situations and activities requiring risk assessment and lists workers who may be at risk. (Translation of CIS 96-1654). (69116)

CIS 97-803 Business re-engineering and health and safety management. Case studies. Wright M.S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 132p. 3 ref. Price: GBP 37.50., ISBN 0-7176-1296-1 (In English)

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Report of a survey of health and safety management in ten organizations undergoing major organizational change. Where health and safety was recognized as an issue in the initial phase of reorganization (7 out of 10 organizations), it was incorporated into the wider reorganization or addressed in parallel, with reported significant improvements in accident rates and safety audit scores. Recommendations for health and safety issues to be addressed during organizational change are put forward, along with issues for further research and guidance, and dissemination of guidance to managers. (69129)

CIS 97-804 Co-ordinated internal control for health, the environment and safety. (Swedish: Samordnad internkontroll för hälsa - miljö - säkerhet) Antonsson A.B., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 190p. Illus. Price: SEK 384.00., ISBN 91-7522-412-7 (In Swedish)

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The active participation of management, through the introduction of appropriate methods and routines, is essential for the creation of a good working environment. Internal control is about these methods, as they apply to the systematic planning, management and monitoring of the business. This manual will guide companies in developing a system for internal control, not only to implement the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Ordinance on internal control of the working environment (AFS 1992:6, CIS 94-2), but also to strengthen the whole company by coordinating the system with related areas such as the external environment, quality assurance systems and fire protection. It covers: explanation of what internal control is; the employer's responsibilities; awareness of hazards and development of plans; follow-up of accidents, work-related diseases, incidents, sick leave, staff turnover and early retirements; rehabilitation; integration of new employees; maintenance and service; routines for purchasing; planning the working environment and the external environment while changing production; external environment; responsibility for coordination; regulations; safety data sheets and lists of chemicals; internal control and quality assurance; product safety; fire protection; electricity safety; alcohol and drugs; equality; immigrants; occupational safety and health services. (69162)

CIS 97-805 Health and Safety Commission health and safety statistics 1995/96. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 160p. 15 ref. Price: GBP 13.50., ISBN 0-7176-1150-7 (In English)

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Part 1 of this report presents and comments on British statistics relating to injuries, dangerous occurrences, gas safety and enforcement action: injuries by severity; injuries to employees, to the self-employed and to members of the public; dangerous occurrences; incidents relating to the supply and use of flammable gas; dangerous gas fitting notifications; enforcement notices and prosecutions. Data are presented for the years 1986/87 to 1994/95 with some provisional figures for 1995/96. Includes a report on injury rates in different industries. Part 2 covers statistics on occupational ill-health: sources of information; general overview of work-related illness; causes and kinds of diseases (chemical, physical, biological and other hazards). (69158)

CIS 97-806 Accident facts. National Safety Council, 1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143-3201, USA, 1996. 154p. Illus. 13 ref. Index., ISBN 0-87912-194-7 (In English)

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This report provides statistics on work and nonwork accidents and occupational and environmental ill-health in the United States for the year 1995. Occupational data include: fatalities by industry; work injury costs and time lost; types of accident; location of injury; workers' compensation claims; occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry; types of illness; carpal tunnel syndrome; farm injuries and fatalities; and tractor fatality rates. (69160)

CIS 97-807 HELA strategy 1997/98. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 6p. (In English)

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This document describes the strategy of the Health and Safety Executive/Local Authority Enforcement Liaison Committee (HELA) for 1997/98. Priority objectives are outlined in relation to three medium-term aims: to secure more effective management of health and safety by all those engaged in industry; to promote a more transparent and consistent approach to inspection and enforcement on a risk-related basis; and to improve the quality of the local authority enforced information base and to make it more accessible to others. (69069)

CIS 97-808 Victorian WorkCover Authority annual report 1995-1996. Victorian WorkCover Authority, Level 3, 485 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia, 1996. 90p. Illus. (In English)

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Report on the activities of the Victorian WorkCover Authority concerning the administration of workers' compensation and the promotion of workplace safety in Victoria, Australia during 1995/96. Topics highlighted include: legislative changes during the year; occupational injury and disease prevention activities; return to work and rehabilitation activities; and provision of fair compensation. Includes financial statements and a separate statistical report providing data on numbers of claims, workplace fatalities, compliance and enforcement. (69130)

CIS 97-809 Occupational health and safety legislation in Southern Africa: Current trends. Loewenson R., Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Institute of Development and Labour Law, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa, 1996. 31p. Price: ZAR 15.00., ISBN 0-7992-1654-2 (In English)

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This report describes the main features of occupational health and safety legislation in ten countries of Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe), with particular reference to the requirements of the International Labour Organization Convention 155 (CIS 82-890). The review indicates that substantial progress has been made in harmonizing occupational health and safety standards in the region. Problems still to be addressed include improvement of law enforcement systems, ensuring that the intentions of legal standards are reflected in practice, and development of safe work provisions for new work processes and hazards emerging in the region. (69141)

CIS 97-810 Occupational hygiene in Europe - EC legislation requirements - An introductory guide. Occupational Health Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigvej 8, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 1993. 66p. (In English)

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Report on EC legislative requirements in the field of occupational hygiene published by the WHO as part of the workplan of its Regional Office for Europe to achieve Target 25 in the health for all (HFA) strategy (see definition in document). Main contents: A Polish perspective; the legal base and EC legal requirements (the Treaty base; legislation specific to occupational hygiene; nonlegislative provisions on occupational hygiene and related matters); strategies for future implementation in Central and Eastern Europe; applying a new strategy for legislation (preparation and implementation of laws; evaluation compliance at the individual undertaking; assessing a workplace); conclusions and recommendations; annexes (sources of further information; glossary of terms; list of participants). (69034)

CIS 97-811 International directory of workers' occupational health contacts. O'Neill R., Pickvance S., eds., Workers' Health International Newsletter (WHIN), Sheffield, S1 1FQ, United Kingdom, 1st ed., 1996/1997. 80p. Index. Price: GBP 10.00 / USD 20.00 (labour movement); GBP 20.00 / USD 40.00 (others)., ISBN 0-9529010-0-5 (In English)

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Directory of approx. 800 organizations worldwide involved in occupational safety and health topics, with concentration on organizations from the United Kingdom and the European Communities. Address and other contact information (incl. e-mail where available) is provided for all of the entries. For approx. 200 entries, the following information is also provided: type; areas of expertise or specialized knowledge; areas of particular interest (subject, industry etc.); subjects on which advice and/or information is given and/or research undertaken; resources; publications; language(s) of resources/publications/advice; areas of interest for collaboration. It is planned to publish updated versions of this Directory on a regular basis. (69073)

CIS 97-812 Occupational safety and health glossary. (Chinese: Zhi ye an quan wei sheng shu yu) International Labour Office (ILO), Bureau of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labour, 12 Hepingli Zhongjie, Beijing 100716, China, 1997. 150p. Price: CNY 10.00. (In Chinese, English)

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This glossary provides the Chinese-language equivalents of the 2590 OSH words and expressions provided in the 5-language glossary published by CIS in 1993 (see CIS 93-1857). (69074)

CIS 97-813 Business re-engineering and health and safety management. Literature survey. Wright M.S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vii, 85p. 77 ref. Price: GBP 32.50., ISBN 0-7176-1297-X (In English)

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This report reviews the literature on the scale and form of business re-engineering in the United Kingdom and the effect of this re-engineering on health and safety standards. While it is difficult to reach firm conclusions on the basis of the limited amount of research currently available, the main findings are: in some cases, reorganization has contributed to major accidents involving multiple fatalities; however, health and safety statistics published by companies reveal an improvement in overall performance subsequent to reorganization; reorganization can be a major source of stress and can result in poor mental health and job satisfaction. Health and safety issues relating to reorganization are discussed and research needs are outlined. (69095)

CIS 97-814 Workshop on environment, health and safety in private enterprises in Poland, September 18-19, 1995. Central Institute for Labour Protection, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland, 1996. x, 116p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Papers presented at this conference include: evaluation of health and safety in Poland in 1994 (accident and disease statistics, responsibilities of employers and government agencies under the Labour Code); results of an investigation by the Labour Inspectorate into health and safety in small private enterprises; institutional issues in environmental and occupational protection; history and recent development of the environmental regulatory framework in Poland; Poland's environmental problems; the U.S. environmental regulatory framework; environmental values in a changing society. (69108)

CIS 97-815 Mainstream market research 1997/98. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. iv, 21p. 7 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1333-X (In English)

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This document describes the current research interests and anticipated research requirements of the Health and Safety Executive. The aim and scope of the mainstream research programme are described along with the identification of research requirements, project procurement, and dissemination of results and research evaluation. Priorities in four subject areas are outlined: occupational health, major hazards and risk assessment, engineering, and behavioural and social sciences. Additional research programmes dealing with offshore safety and nuclear safety are also described. (69135)

CIS 97-816 Pakistan - Occupational safety and health information network. Central Inspectorate of Mines, Building 5-Q, Sitara Market G-7 Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan, Dec. 1996. 98p. (In English)

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This document provides profiles of 29 agencies, institutions and organizations involved in occupational safety and health in Pakistan. Entries are classified as federal or provincial government agencies, employers' organizations, workers' organizations or non-government organizations. Data provided for each include: name and address, parent organization, contact names, structure of the organization, areas of competence, purpose, responsibilities and activities, publications and reference materials, computer hardware and software, and other facilities and equipment. (69140)

CIS 97-817 54 safety software packages on file. (French: 54 logiciels de prévention en fiches) Tissot C., Rousseau C., Liévin D., Travail et sécurité, Mar. 1997, No.558, p.31-60. Illus. (In French)

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Presentation in file-card style of 54 computer programs or software packages essentially intended to promote safety in the enterprise. The software falls into three broad categories: management/administration, analysis/evaluation (evaluation of jobs and their environments, application of safety systems analysis, simulation) and training. Multimedia and CD-ROM products are included. (69176)

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CIS 97-818 Kienböck's disease. I. Anatomy and etiology. Fredericks T.K., Fernandez J.E., Pirela-Cruz M.A., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.11-17. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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This review of Kienboeck's disease (KD) considers the anatomy of the wrist and different aetiological hypotheses of this disorder of the lunate bone. Some similarities of KD and cumulative trauma disorders have been established. Workers most prone to develop this disease seem to be carpenters, workers using pneumatic tools, spot welders, sheet metal workers, farmers and factory workers. (68991)

CIS 97-819 Serial peak expiratory flow measurement in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Gannon P.F.G., Burge P.S., European Respiratory Journal. Supplement, Feb. 1997, Vol.10, Suppl. 24, p.57s-63s. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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This study discusses measurable indices from peak expiratory flow (PEF) records which identify occupational asthma. A new statistical technique was applied to interpret the PEF records, in order to produce a computer-based diagnostic tool of occupational asthma. It is hoped that this will encourage more widespread use of the technique. (69000)

CIS 97-820 Effect of age and occupational exposure to airway irritants on lung function in non-smoking individuals with α₁ antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ). Piitulainen E., Tornling G., Eriksson S., Thorax, Mar. 1997, Vol.52, p.244-248. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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Severe α₁-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (PiZZ) is associated with an increased risk of lung emphysema, especially in smokers. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors other than smoking for declining lung function. Lung function was studied in 225 self-reported never-smoking PiZZ subjects included in the Swedish AAT deficiency register. Lung function was poorer in men than in women. Among the PiZZ subjects, men reported occupational exposure to gases, fumes or dust more frequently than women. In those aged 50 or older, lung function declined. Asthmatic symptoms and occupational exposure to airway irritants appear to constitute additional risk factors for this condition. (69027)

CIS 97-821 Survey of antimony workers: Mortality 1961-1992. Jones R.D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.772-776. 7 ref. (In English)

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The mortality of a census population and a prospective cohort of men employed at an antimony smelter in the north-east of England was followed up from 1961-1992. An increased risk of lung cancer existed in the workers employed before 1961, but it was not possible to attribute this excess to any particular agent. Mortality analyzed by five-year calendar periods of first exposure show a lessening of effect after 1955. Although the power of the study is clearly less for more recent periods of exposure, the absence of any excess in the population after 1960 is encouraging. (69009)

CIS 97-822 Cancer mortality among pulp and paper workers in Poland: A cohort study. Szadkowska-Stańczyk I., et al., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.19-29. 26 ref. (In English)

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A cohort study of 10,460 Polish workers in the pulp and paper industry was conducted between 1968 and 1990. Three subcohorts were formed, corresponding to different work areas. In the pulp male subcohort a significant elevated risk of death from cancers of the peritoneum and prostate was recorded. There was no confirmation of the excess mortality from lung, stomach and lymphatic cancers reported by other investigators. (68992)

CIS 97-823 The hidden savings of an on-site corporate medical center. Pachman J.S., Stempien D.E., Milles S.S., O'Neill F.N., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1047-1048. 6 ref. (In English)

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For a period of four months, employees using an on-site corporate medical clinic were surveyed regarding how many days per year they estimated that they came to work because there was an on-site medical centre when they would otherwise have stayed at home, and whether they would have used an outside doctor if the on-site clinic had not been available. On average, employees who used the facility saved 3.3 days of absenteeism; total cost savings were calculated to be USD 499,212 per year. In addition, 69% of employees indicated that they would have sought attention elsewhere, suggesting that the presence of an on-site medical centre does not induce demand. (68980)

CIS 97-824 Screening clean up. Gates E., Health and Safety at Work, Dec. 1996, Vol.18, No.12, p.10-12. Illus. (In English)

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The importance of health screening and surveillance in preventive medicine is discussed with reference to the health effects (skin and respiratory problems) suffered by workers involved in an oil spill clean-up following a tanker accident in the United Kingdom in 1996. Screening techniques available to occupational health professionals are outlined (biological monitoring, molecular techniques, genetic screening) and ethical constraints and issues of confidentiality are discussed. (68989)

CIS 97-825 Exercise, occupational activity, and risk of endometrial cancer. Olson S.H., et al., Annals of Epidemiology, Jan. 1997, Vol.7, No.1, p.46-53. 21 ref. (In English)

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In this case control study, 232 women between the ages of 40 and 85 with confirmed endometrial cancer and 631 controls were interviewed, focusing on their physical activity at four age periods: at age 16, and at 20, 10 and 2 years before the interview. Their occupational activity was also taken into consideration. The results suggest that vigorous exercise at various times and walking at age 16 may provide some protection against endometrial cancer. Walking at a later age and normal levels of physical activity at work were not associated with a reduction in risk. (68999)

CIS 97-826 Questionnaire for the identification of back pain for epidemiological purposes. Agius R.M., et al., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.756-760. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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A group of specialists designed a questionnaire for the identification and assessment of severity of back pain for epidemiological purposes and tested it individually. It was also given cross sectionally by interview to a population of male coal mine workers. The questionnaire generates clear cut data that could be useful for epidemiological or screening purposes. Preliminary, limited, studies of its validity are reasonably encouraging, although further validation is required. (69006)

CIS 97-827 ADEREST - 3rd Symposium on Epidemiology and Health at Work, Paris, 9 and 10 November 1995. (French: ADEREST - 3e Colloque d'Epidémiologie en Santé au Travail, Paris, 9 et 10 novembre 1995) Revue de médecine du travail, May-June 1996, Vol.23, No.3, v, p.121-178 (whole issue). Bibl.ref. (In French)

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Papers presented to the 3rd Symposium on epidemiology and health at work, held in Paris, France, on 9 and 10 November 1995, fall into three main categories: physical hazards (ionizing radiation, vibration, noise); chemical hazards (chemical products and dangerous substances); and mental stress. Other issues dealt with: musculoskeletal problems, cancer, mortality. (69229)

CIS 97-828 Hepatitis B as an occupational hazard. Occupational Health Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigvej 8, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 1994. 64p. 62 ref. (In English)

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Report on hepatitis B as an occupational hazard published by the WHO as part of the workplan of its Regional Office for Europe to achieve Target 25 in the health for all (HFA) strategy (see definition in document). Main contents: hepatitis B - the disease (epidemiology, clinical course; stability and decontamination of the virus); occupational risk; prevention of occupationally-acquired hepatitis B (defining occupational risk, universal precautions, using hepatitis B vaccine in workers at risk; screening; prevention of hepatitis B in self-employed workers; post-exposure prophylaxis; other occupational hazards; cost effectiveness and cost benefit of vaccination of at-risk workers); implementation of successful hepatitis-B prevention programmes in the workplace; current policies for the protection of workers; annexes (status of hepatitis B vaccination in WHO European Member States; the viral hepatitis prevention board; useful names and addresses); glossary. (69035)

CIS 97-829 Cancer and work - A book about work-related cancer. (Swedish: Cancer och arbete - en bok om yrkesrelaterad cancer) Möller L., Lundberg P., eds., Arbetarskyddsnämnden, Box 3208, 103 64, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 189p. Illus. 39 ref. Price: SEK 120.00, ISBN 91-7522-381-3 (In Swedish)

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This book for the general reader begins with a general explanation of what happens in the cell and in the body when cancer is developing - every tumour develops from one single cell. This is followed by a historical description of work related cancer. The classification of carcinogens is described, as are lifestyle factors which increase the probability of developing cancer (radiation, toxic substances and other chemicals, tobacco, food and alcohol). Further chapters explain in more detail what happens in cells when cancer is developing, areas of research, genetic and environmental factors which contribute to the development of cancer and how damage in the cell can be measured. The last part describes how exposure to carcinogenic air pollution can be measured in the working environment and how cancer is recognized and treated. Sources of more information and the Swedish industrial injury insurance system are also described. Glossary of terms used. (69161)

CIS 97-830 Health surveillance in Great Britain. Honey S., Hillage J., Patch A., Morris S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. xv, 183p. 33 ref. Price: GBP 50.00., ISBN 0-7176-1250-3 (In English)

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This report presents the results of a study into health surveillance provided by employers in the United Kingdom. The investigation involved questionnaire surveys, follow-up interviews, and in-depth case studies. Results are discussed in terms of: extent and nature of health surveillance; employers' understanding of health surveillance; pre-employment assessments; reasons why surveillance was or was not carried out; benefits and costs; and the role of legislation. Health surveillance was carried out in around 30% of the cases where hazards of potentially significant risk to employees were identified; surveillance was most common in larger organizations and in the manufacturing sector. (69096)

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CIS 97-831 Determinants of dust and endotoxin exposure of pig farmers: Development of a control strategy using empirical modelling. Preller L., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Oct. 1995, Vol.39, No.5. p.545-557. 42 ref. (In English)

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Personal exposure to dust and endotoxin was measured among 198 Dutch pig farmers. For each participant 8h measurements were made twice, once in the Summer of 1991 and once in the Winter of 1992. Empirical statistical modelling was applied to identify activities and farm characteristics associated with exposure. Aspects of hygiene and feeding were major characteristics associated with dust exposure. Flooring and feeding were predominant characteristics explaining variation in endotoxin exposure. Activities performed frequently, like feeding and controlling, cleaning activities and activities in which very active animals were involved, such as teeth cutting and ear tagging, were associated with exposure to dust and endotoxin. The models were used to set priorities for the development of control measures to eliminate the dust and endotoxin hazard of pig farmers. (69177)

CIS 97-832 Occupational accidents in the fishing sector in the region of Murcia. (Spanish: Accidentes laborales en el sector pesquero de la región de Murcia) Balanza Galindo S., Burgos Ojeda A., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.47-60. 15 ref. (In Spanish)

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Occupational accidents occurring in the fishing sector in the region of Murcia, Spain, for the period 1988-1990 were analyzed. The study involved 3,411 fishermen and the variables investigated were chosen following the official accident notification form. The results are compared with those of similar studies for other sectors and for the fishing sector in other regions of Spain. Tables are included. (69224)

CIS 97-833 Occupational risks in the construction industry. (French: Risques professionnels dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics) Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1996, No.112, 6p. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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Main contents of this data sheet on the construction industry in France: overview (number of workers, training and skills, evolution of working population); regulatory framework; general risks in the industry (including statistical data), accident risks, work-related risks, risks due to manual handling and physical, chemical or organizational factors. (69040)

CIS 97-834 Organisations have no memory. Kletz T., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1996, Vol.14, No.12, p.16-18. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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The importance of learning from previous incidents in relation to the prevention of workplace accidents is discussed with particular reference to the chemical industry. Common causes of accidents include inadequate preparation for maintenance procedures, loss of specialized knowledge when workers leave and there are no written procedures, and plant and process modification. Less serious incidents are often forgotten and repeated more quickly. Advice on how to learn from past lessons is outlined, and a suggested information system for displaying warning messages and reminding operators of past incidents is put forward. (69151)

CIS 97-835 Cytogenetic monitoring of hospital personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation, ethylene oxide and cytostatic drugs. (Spanish: Monitorización citogenética de profesionales de hospital expuestos ocupacionalmente a radiaciones ionizantes, óxido de etileno y citostáticos) Martínex Romero M.C., et al., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.37-45. Illus. 7 ref. (In Spanish)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate cytogenetic damage in 64 hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation (42), ethylene oxide (14) and cytostatic drugs (8). The study also involved 30 non-exposed workers from the same hospitals. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and the sister chromatid exchange method (SCE) were used for genotoxicity assessment. CA frequency is incremented in both the group exposed to radiation and to cytostatics, but not significantly. SCE frequency is significantly higher in the group exposed to ethylene oxide. In addition, the frequency of CA and SCE is incremented in smokers. (69223)

CIS 97-836 Occupational absenteeism for medical reasons among the group of officials of a town hall. (Spanish: Absentismo laboral por causa médica entre el colectivo de funcionarios de un ayuntamiento) Fernández Fernández L.R., et al., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.61-80. Illus. 21 ref. (In Spanish)

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Sickness absenteeism among 878 employees of a town hall in Pamplona, Spain, during 1993 was analyzed. Several indicators, such as frequency and severity rates, were examined. The results are presented in terms of sex, age, service, pathology and duration. Tables are included. (69225)

CIS 97-837 Proportionate mortality study of golf course superintendents. Kross B.C., et al., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.501-506. 43 ref. (In English)

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A mortality study was carried out among 686 golf course superintendents who died between 1970 and 1992. These workers were exposed to a variety of hazards including pesticides. Results showed a significant excess mortality from smoking-related diseases, including arteriosclerotic heart disease and respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and emphysema. There were also increased levels of brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancer of the large intestine, prostrate cancer and diseases of the nervous and sensory systems. Preventive strategies such as smoking cessation programmes and precautions for the reduction of pesticide exposure are recommended. (69288)

CIS 97-838 Small-scale enterprises. Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1996, Vol.3, No.3, whole issue (27p.). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This whole issue is devoted to small-scale enterprises in Asia. Articles cover: safety and health problems in small industries in Hong Kong (Chan C., Leung T.P., Yip Y.L., Wong L., Chu L.); lead hazards and their control in small-scale industries in China (Liang Y.X., Yang H.G.); workplace improvements in small-scale industries in Kenya achieved by WISE methodology (Muchiri F.K.); action programme on small-scale enterprises in Finland (Huuskonen M.S., Koskinen K.); accident prevention through safety committees in Singapore (Go H.H.); establishment of a chemical safety information network in Thailand (Markkanen P., de Silva R.). (69045)

CIS 97-839 Health and safety in quarries. A hundred of years of law. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 24p. Illus. (In English)

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This booklet describes legislation covering United Kingdom quarries from 1895 to 1995. Topics discussed include: provisions of the Quarries Act 1894; inspection and enforcement activities; causes of accidents; recommendations of a Royal Commission report of 1914 concerning the qualifications of quarry managers, use of explosives and other safety issues; provision of the Factories Act 1937 and the Mines and Quarries Act 1954. (69117)

CIS 97-840 Proposals for the replacement of the law on the control of ground movement in mines. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 52p. (In English)

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This consultative document puts forward proposals for the replacement of sections 48 to 54 of the Mines and Quarries Act 1954 (CIS 89-1407) and the Coal and Other Mines (Support) Regulations 1966 as amended. The key points of the proposals relate to geotechnical assessment, ground control rules, assessing the ground control measures, fall of roof or sides, and notification of new support proposals. Costs and benefits of the proposals are summarized, and the draft Regulations and a draft Approved Code of Practice are included. Comments on the proposals are invited. (69133)

CIS 97-841 Results from the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM). Greskevitch M.F., et al., Publication Dissemination, EID, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1996. xiii, 210p. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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This report presents the results of a national questionnaire survey of 491 U.S. mines (431 metal and nonmetal mines and 60 coal mines) carried out during the period 1984-1989. The survey methodology is described along with the development and use of a computerized database of the results. Potential exposures were investigated in relation to physical agents, musculoskeletal overload, welding, brazing and soldering activities, abrasive grinding, chemical substances and products, and dust. Chemical substances and trade products in use in the mines are identified and potential exposure are estimated. (69159)

CIS 97-842 Railway safety - HM Chief Inspecting Officer of Railways' annual report on the safety record of the railways in Great Britain during 1995/96. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. x, 138p. Illus. Price: GBP 14.95., ISBN 0-7176-1131-0 (In English)

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This report provides statistics and comment on accidents and dangerous occurrences in the United Kingdom railway industry during 1995-1996. Topics covered: activities of the Railway Inspectorate; accidents to passengers, staff and other persons; acts of vandalism; train accidents; accidents at level crossings; fires; equipment failures; accidents involving underground railways, light rapid transit, and minor railways; accidents to railway personnel and implementation of control measures; occupational health issues; activities of the Railway Industry Advisory Committee; train protection strategy; legislation; research. (69097)

CIS 97-843 Strategy for offshore research - 1996/97. Summaries and objectives. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 28p. 6 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1299-6 (In English)

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This document describes research strategies within the research programme of the Health and Safety Executive's Offshore Safety Division. Summaries of strategies in each of 20 subject areas are presented along with key research objectives. New research topics include decommissioning, mechanical equipment and systems, organization and management, process systems and process control, and safety systems. (69067)

CIS 97-844 Offshore safety research and development programme. Project handbook 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. xix, 152p. Index. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-1283-X (In English)

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This handbook provides information on research and development projects currently in progress or recently completed by the Offshore Safety Division of the Health and Safety Executive. Projects are listed under 17 programme areas. Information provided includes status, name and address of contractor, cost, and objectives and background of the project. Project keywords are indexed. (69098)

CIS 97-845 Improving inherent safety. Mansfield D., Poulter L., Kletz T., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 50p. 48 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1307-0 (In English)

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Report of a pilot study to assess the extent to which the concept of 'inherent safety' is being applied in the development and design of United Kingdom offshore oil and gas installations. The inherently safer concept is outlined along with its potential application offshore, reviews of the literature and current regulations, and summaries of interviews with offshore operators and design contractors. Findings indicate that the term 'inherent safety' is only just beginning to be recognized in the industry; few safety professionals seem to have a clear view as to its meaning and principles. Suggestions for the promotion of the concept in the offshore industry are put forward. (69124)

CIS 97-846 Safety and health of meat, poultry and fish processing workers. Tomoda S., ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1997. vii, 85+11p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-2-110480-X (In English)

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This report explores working conditions and safety and health issues in the meat, poultry and food processing industries worldwide. Topics reviewed include: characteristic occupational hazards; frequency, causes and costs of occupational accidents and diseases; preventive measures; safety and health committees; information dissemination and training; national safety and health inspection; role of the ILO. Common features of the three sectors related to their poor safety and health records include manual operations involving dangerous hand tools, the gap in different levels of technology used, cold wet and greasy work premises, and contact with perishable raw materials which may carry dangerous microorganisms. (69283)

CIS 97-847 Home-care workers in public home-care services and in resident facilities. A study of physical, ergonomic and psychosocial factors in the work and their relation to physical capability, health, well-being and age. (Swedish: Vårdbiträde i öppen hemtjänst och vid servicehus. En studie av fysiska, ergonomiska och psykosociala faktorer i arbetet och deras relation till fysik funktionsförmåga, hälsa, välbefinnande och ålder) Aronsson G., et al., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 109p. Illus. 140 ref., ISBN 91-7045-280-6 (In Swedish)

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Home-care workers constitute a large, mainly female, occupational group with high physical and psychological demands at work. They assist elderly or handicapped persons in their own homes or in apartment buildings that offer home-care services. Among older home-care workers, sick leave and early retirements are common, yet the older workers have experience and knowledge that many younger ones lack. Changes that enable older personnel to remain at work without symptoms are therefore urgent. In these studies, the working conditions of home-care workers were investigated and their psychological, physiological and health-related responses to those conditions were determined. On the basis of the observations, recommendations concerning the organization of work and the design of workplaces are given. Through these actions the work can be made less physically demanding and the positive features of the work, especially the interaction between the worker and the person being cared for, can be enhanced. (69240)

CIS 97-848 Hazardous child labour in Bangladesh. Rahman W., Department of Labour, Government of Bangladesh, 1996. 128p. (In English)

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This study identifies the nature and extent of hazardous occupations in Bangladesh and examines the working conditions of children in those occupations. For each of the 47 occupations or types of establishments investigated, information is provided on the harmful agents to which children are exposed and the adverse health effects of those agents. Tables provide statistics on total numbers of child workers by occupation, medical symptoms, accidents and injuries, conditions of employment, and environmental and work hazards. (69100)

CIS 97-849 Immigrants and occupational accidents. A comparative study of the frequency and types of accidents encountered by foreign and Swedish citizens. (Swedish: Invandrare och arbetsolycksfall. En jämförande studie av olycksfall bland utländska och svenska medborgare) Döös M., Laflamme L., Backström T., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 24p. 45 ref., ISBN 91-7045-238-5 (In Swedish)

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The study concerns the relationship between citizenship and accidents, broken down by workshop, occupational group, age and experience, at a Swedish automobile and truck factory (for an abstract in English, see CIS 95-189). It covers 537 accidents among personnel employed under collective agreement over the years 1986-87. Comparisons between average annual frequency rates for Swedish and foreign citizens are made. The study offers no support for the view that immigrants are at greater risk than nationals for occupational accidents. No significant difference between foreign and Swedish citizens emerged with respect to type of accident situation. This study does not indicate that there is a need for immigrants as a group to be specifically targeted in the workplace for accident prevention programmes. (69262)

CIS 97-850 Occupational hygiene in Europe - Development of the profession. Occupational Health Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigvej 8, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 1992. 53p. (In English)

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Report on the development of occupational hygiene and of the profession of occupational hygienist in Europe published by the WHO as part of the workplan of its Regional Office for Europe to achieve Target 25 in the health for all (HFA) strategy (see definition in document). Main contents: scope of occupational hygiene; development and trends; role and functions of the occupational hygienist; approaches to training; accreditation and certification; conclusions and recommendations; annexes (national occupational hygiene associations; example of a code of ethics for the occupational hygienist; list of participants). (69033)

CIS 97-851 The home help and home nursing services in Sweden - A survey of research findings. (Swedish: Hemtjänst och hemsjukvård - en kunskapsöversikt) Evertsson L., Johansson S., Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Box 1122, 111 81 Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 74p. Illus. 22 ref. [Engl. version (1996): 62p.], ISBN 91-88530-28-0, ISBN 91-88530-44-2 (In English, Swedish)

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Social and health care services in Sweden have been subject to considerable change in recent years. There have been severe cuts in financial resources, and decreasing staff have to care for an increasing number of elderly people. Studies have shown that those working in home help and home nursing services have a physically demanding job, feel that they get too little time for their patients, have too little freedom of action, and are subject to "burn-out". This research report makes it clear that there already exists a solid enough foundation to implement organizational change and improve the situation. The question that remains is: how can more effective interaction and cooperation between researchers and practitioners be built up to bring about necessary and desirable change? (69086)

CIS 97-852 Safety code for forest operations: Part 3 - Logging. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992. 71p. Illus. Price: NZD 9.95., ISBN 0-477-03494-4 (In English)

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This code sets out safe work practices for workers and employers in the logging industry. Contents: general safety rules relating to work operations, plant and machinery, protective clothing and equipment, tools, storage and transport of flammable liquids, use of explosives, and first aid; safe use of chainsaws; safe tree felling operations; ground-based operations; forest access; noise levels and hearing protection. (69281)

CIS 97-853 Construction health and safety checklist. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 4p. 1 ref. (In English)

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This checklist identifies hazards commonly found on construction sites and provides guidance in the form of questions to help determine whether the site is a safe and healthy place to work. Topics include: general safety; scaffolds; powered access equipment; ladders; roof work; excavations; cranes and lifting appliances; traffic and vehicles; fire and emergencies; welfare; and electricity. The checklist replaces CIS 94-1620. (69156)

CIS 97-854 Play your part! How you can help improve health and safety offshore. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 7p. (In English)

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This leaflet outlines the benefits of worker involvement in offshore health and safety and provides guidance on ways in which workers can become involved. Focuses on the need for effective management control, appropriate training, co-operation among work groups and good communications. (69101)

CIS 97-855 Priorities for health and safety in the dairy, cocoa, chocolate, sugar confectionery, biscuit manufacturing, poultry processing, compound animal feed, flour, and grain milling industries. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 18p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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These six data sheets identify the principal causes of accidents in different sectors of the food industry, compare accident incidence rates with other industries, and provide guidance on safety measures in the form of a safety checklist. Preventive measures relate to falls, slips and trips; exposure to harmful substances; machinery; manual handling; transport; being struck by a moving object; and striking against objects. (68986)

CIS 97-856 An index of health and safety guidance for the food industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Oct. 1996. 4p. 137 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides a list of guidance material on health and safety in the food industry under the following headings: management of health and safety in general and in specific sectors; health and safety training; transport safety; prevention of falls; avoidance of silo entry; work equipment; manual handling; upper limb disorders; exposure to dust and fume; fire and explosion. Includes contact points for obtaining the publications. (69066)

CIS 97-857 Guide to managing health and safety in paper mills. Parts 1 and 2. Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 73p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: Part 1 GBP 5.00, Part 2 GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1287-2, ISBN 0-7176-1288-0 (In English)

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Part 1 of this guide covers the application of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-5) to the paper and board industry: risk assessment; suitability of work equipment; maintenance; information, instruction and training; conformity with Community Directives; safeguarding dangerous parts of machinery; controls and control systems; isolation from sources of energy. Part 2 covers risk assessment in paper mills: legal requirements; principles of risk assessment; risk assessment and successful health and safety management; carrying out a risk assessment exercise. In appendices: accident statistics and causes; examples of risk assessment forms; examples of safe systems of work; checklist for incident investigation and reports. (69060)

CIS 97-858 Managing the health and safety of catering equipment and workplaces. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 4p. 11 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides guidance on compliance with United Kingdom legal requirements for health and safety management in relation to catering equipment and workplaces. Requirements include: identification and assessment of risks; planning how to eliminate or reduce the risks at each stage during the selection and use of equipment and workplaces; organization of staff and management systems to meet health and safety needs; implementation and monitoring of control measures. Advice is also given on the role of labour inspectors. (68984)

CIS 97-859 Planning for health and safety when selecting and using catering equipment and workplaces. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 4p. 6 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides guidance on health and safety factors to be considered at each stage during the selection, modification and use of catering equipment and workplaces. Contents: planning catering tasks and workplace layout; making sure the workplace is suitable; selecting suitable equipment (United Kingdom safety standards); installation and maintenance of equipment; inspections and tests; setting safe procedures; information and training of workers. (68985)

CIS 97-860 An index of health and safety guidance for the catering industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Oct. 1996. 4p. 99 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides a list of guidance material on health and safety in the catering industry under the following headings: management of health and safety; principal risks (slips, manual handling and upper limb disorders, dermatitis, exposure to hazardous substances, machinery, transport, electricity, noise); general guidance and British and European standards. Includes contact points for obtaining the publications. (69065)

CIS 97-861 Standard on fire department safety and health program. National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA, 1992. 63p. Bibl.ref. Index. (In English)

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This standard provides a framework for a safety and health programme for a fire department or any type of organization providing similar services. Contents: scope, purpose and implementation of the standard; organizational statement, risk management plan, roles and responsibilities, record keeping; training and education; operation of vehicles and equipment; protective clothing and equipment; emergency operations; facility safety; medical and physical requirements; member assistance programme. (69099)

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CIS 97-862 A longitudinal study of health complaints in professional computer work: Effects of computer-aided design. Hovmark S., Wolberg E.F., Nordqvist S., International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Oct.-Dec. 1996, Vol.8, No.4, p.401-420. 37 ref. (In English)

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The health effects of computer-aided design (CAD) work were investigated among CAD users in four companies. Data on the psychosocial aspects of work, health complaints and psychological complaints were collected on two occasions at 4-year intervals. The severity of musculoskeletal complaints, eye complaints and skin rashes was approximately the same on both occasions. There was no evidence of a relation between the amount of CAD work and the severity of health complaints. Participants with a greater work load or less support from leaders reported a greater severity of musculoskeletal complaints. The study did not demonstrate a significant relationship between CAD work and health complaints. (69243)

CIS 97-863 A study of complaints of fatigue by workers employed in Vietnamese factories with newly imported technology. Matsuda S., et al., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.16-28. 27 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 389 workers in 10 Vietnamese factories with newly imported technology revealed that about 60% of the workers were satisfied with their current working conditions. Heat, dust and noise were identified as the most important risks. Main complaints concerned machines and equipment which were too large for Vietnamese workers, the rapid work pace, and monotonous working conditions. Female workers complained of irregularity of menstruation. The prevalence rate of subjective fatigue complaints increased significantly after work. In general, these problems were more common among workers in textile and electronics factories. Limitations of the study are discussed. (69254)

CIS 97-864 Manual of remote working. Curran K., Williams G., Gower Publishing Ltd., Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 1997. xvi, 331p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: 65.00., ISBN 0-566-07839-2 (In English)

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This book provides a practical guide to the planning and management of remote working (teleworking). Contents: introduction to remote working (jobs suitable for remote working, benefits and disadvantages); planning a remote working operation; human resources (recruitment, training and development); operational issues (time management, administrative issues); communication systems; managing remote working; project management (risk assessment and management); legal considerations (health and safety requirements). (69131)

CIS 97-865 Computer control - A question of safety. Health and Safety Executive, Chemical and Hazardous Installations Division, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 7p. 7 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet provides guidance on safety in the computer control of chemical process operations. It is aimed at small and medium-sized firms. Points to be considered in relation to a safety-related computer system include: the consequences of failure; ensuring the design of the computer system is of adequate quality and is suitable for the application; the computer management system; and the operation and reliability of the system. (69093)

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CIS 97-866 Evaluation of two inversion techniques for retrieving health-related fractions from personal cascade impactor measurements. Ramachandran G., Vincent J.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.15-22. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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Two inversion routines are compared in terms of their abilities to retrieve the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions from the total aerosol collected on a personal cascade impactor. The routines were used on measurements made with the Institute of Occupational Medicine personal inhalable dust spectrometer, a miniature cascade impactor that aspirates the inhalable aerosol fraction. Results are presented graphically as contours of equal mass bias. The simplest algorithm, based on the a priori assumption of lognormality, appears to provide the best results. (68943)

CIS 97-867 Concentration and size distribution of airborne hexavalent chromium in electroplating factories. Kuo H.W., Lai J.S., Lin T.I., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.29-32. 18 ref. (In English)

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Area and personal sampling for hexavalent chromium were carried out at four electroplating factories in Taiwan. Samples were collected using a particle fractionating sampler and were analyzed using visible spectrophotometry. A comparison of three types of factories (chromium, nickel-chromium and zinc) showed that the highest concentrations of chromium were found in chromium electroplating factories near the electroplating tank. Chromium particles obtained through area sampling yielded a mass median diameter between 1.67 and 6.38µm, and those from personal sampling between 0.75 and 4.73µm. Both and large and small chromium particles may have effects on the respiratory system. (68945)

CIS 97-868 Near real-time concentration measurement of medium and heavy elements in aerosols using X-ray fluorescence. Thomson G.M., Pochan C.A., Markland R.A., Thomson S.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.98-104. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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A new aerosol monitor rapidly measures the mass concentration of medium- to high-atomic-number elements in dust- or smoke-laden aerosols. The device separates the aerosol's nongaseous components by pumping the air through a section of a filter paper tape for a fixed period of time. Pumping then stops and the tape advances and is exposed to a radioactive source which bombards the tape with X-rays. These cause the atoms in the tape to emit X-rays of their own, which are analyzed to reveal the identity and abundance of each element in the aerosol. Performance tests with a prototype device indicated high sensitivity over a wide concentration range. (68952)

CIS 97-869 Modern fibre counting - A technique with the phase-contrast microscope on-line to a Macintosh computer. Lundgren L., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1995, Vol.39, No.4, p.455-467. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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A modern technique for counting airborne fibres on membrane filters is described. The evaluation is done on-line to a Macintosh computer from a phase-contrast microscope. The technique is suitable for asbestos fibres as well as other kinds of synthetic fibres. Data for several types of fibre have shown good agreement between counts by the conventional and new technique. (69004)

CIS 97-870 Ocular and nasal irritation in operatives in Lancashire cotton and synthetic fibre mills. Fishwick D., et al., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.744-748. 14 ref. (In English)

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A cross sectional study of 1048 cotton workers and 404 synthetic fibre workers was performed to document the prevalence of work-related ocular and nasal irritation in workers in spinning mills of these fibres. 3.7% of all operatives complained of symptoms of byssinosis, 17.5% of eye irritation and 11% of nose irritation. Conclusion: work-related ocular and nasal irritation are the most common symptoms complained of by cotton textile workers. There was no relation between these symptoms and atopy, byssinosis, or dust concentration. It is likely that they relate to as yet unidentified agents unrelated to concentration of cotton dust. (69005)

CIS 97-871 Lung cancer in relation to exposure to silica dust, silicosis and uranium production in South African gold miners. Hnizdo E., Murray J., Klempman S., Thorax, Mar. 1997, Vol.52, p.271-275. 19 ref. (In English)

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In a cohort of 2260 South African gold miners, 78 cases of lung cancer were found during the follow-up period from 1970 to 1986. The risk of lung cancer was associated with tobacco smoking, cumulative dust exposure, duration of underground mining and silicosis. No association was found with uranium production. The results cannot be interpreted definitively in terms of causal association. High levels of exposure to silica dust on its own are important in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and silicosis is either coincidental or represents an increased risk. The risk is also increased in miners spending many hours underground, in which case high levels of silica dust exposure may be a surrogate for exposure to radon daughters. (69029)

CIS 97-872 Dusts. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1997, Vol.7, No.1, whole issue (23p.). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This whole issue is devoted to dust in African industries. The articles cover: an overview of dust related cancers in Africa (Hnizdo E.); ICSC meeting (Niskanen T., Haataja I.); exposure to silica dusts in Africa - example from Kenya (Sakari W.D.O., Muchiri F.K.); the ILO/WHO International Programme on Global Elimination of Silicosis (Fedotov I.A.); cotton dust control (Saarinen L.); dust exposure in Ethiopia - effect of acute exposure to different occupational dusts on pulmonary function indices of factory workers in Ethiopia (Mengesha Y.A., Bekele A.); health and the chemical industry in South Africa (Colvin M., Naidoo R., Kistnasamy J.); cerebellar ataxia (Pearson C.A.); sensors for preventing a person from entering prohibited areas (Mayaka A.N.) (69050)

CIS 97-873 Asbestos revisited. Alleman J.E., Mossman B.T., Scientific American, July 1997, Vol.277, No.1, p.70-75. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This survey article in a scientific periodical aimed at the general public covers the history of the utilization of asbestos, its principal uses (mostly for fire protection), its hazards to health and its current uses. Though asbestos consumption in the US dropped 95% between 1973 (its peak level) and 1997, the substance is still heavily used in other parts of the world (>2m tons are processed annually, mostly blended into asbestos-cement construction products in Eastern Europe and the developing world). (69078)

CIS 97-874 MMF: Assessment of toxicity of man-made fibres - Papers from a workshop held in Paris, France, 3-4 February 1994. Bignon J., Brochard P., Gibbs G., eds., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Oct. 1995, Vol.39, No.5. p.633-781. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Main subjects dealt with in papers presented at a workshop on the assessment of toxicity of man-made fibres held in Paris on 3-4 February 1994 were: chronic inhalation studies of man-made vitreous fibres; biopersistence of man-made vitreous fibres; evaluation of the oncogenic potential of man-made vitreous fibres; inhalation toxicology studies with para-aramid fibrils; in vivo biological activity of ceramic fibres; advantages and limits of in vivo screening tests; deposition of inhaled asbestos and man-made mineral fibres in the respiratory tract. (69179)

CIS 97-875 Respiratory health in asbestos-exposed ironworkers. Rocskay A.Z., et al., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.459-466. 36 ref. (In English)

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A study of 547 asbestos-exposed ironworkers included chest x-rays, pulmonary function testing, physical examination and a medical questionnaire. Asbestos exposure was assessed from union pension records. The study group exhibited an increased prevalence of small irregular opacities, pleural plaques, and pleural thickening on chest x-ray, reduced forced expiratory flow and respiratory symptoms. After controlling for the effect of cigarette smoking and age, years since joining the ironworkers union were significantly associated with profusion, pleural thickening, pleural plaques, reduced pulmonary function and dyspnoea. (69285)

CIS 97-876 Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among trainers in a fire-fighting training facility. Feunekes F.D.J.R., Jongeneelen F.J., Laan H.v.d., Schoonhof F.H.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.23-28. 35 ref. (In English)

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The exposure of fire-fighting trainers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed by personal air sampling during fire-fighting activities. Uptake of PAH was determined by measuring concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (a metabolite of pyrene) in urine. There was evidence of exposure to and uptake of PAH among the instructors despite the short time of effective exposure and the routine use of respirators and protective clothing. Both tobacco smoking and exposure to smoke from fire appeared to increase 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations. Biological monitoring with urinary 1-hydroxypyrene may be useful in tracing highly exposed persons and in monitoring the effectiveness of control measures. (68944)

CIS 97-877 Collection and determination of 1,3-butadiene using passive dosimeters and automatic thermal desorption. Yao C., Krueger D.C., Loos K.R., Koehn J.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.44-50. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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A passive dosimeter for sampling ambient levels of 1,3-butadiene was constructed using automatic thermal desorption tubes packed with charcoal sorbent wafers. The exposed tubes were thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography, and the effects of concentration, back diffusion and sample storage time were studied. Results of laboratory and field validation tests indicated that the method is valid for occupational exposure monitoring of 1,3-butadiene. Results obtained with the new device were not statistically different from those obtained using the current National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method. (68948)

CIS 97-878 Multiple chemical sensitivities. Pirages S.W., Richard C.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.94-97. 10 ref. (In English)

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A review of scientific and medical information concerning the phenomenon of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), in which patients report a variety of symptoms allegedly associated with exposure to low levels of chemicals in the environment. Includes a historical perspective on the definition of the illness and its occurrence and causes, reported health effects and treatments by clinical ecologists. A major focus of the controversy surrounding this phenomenon is whether the symptoms described by patients are an organic response to real exposures, or a psychological response to perceived exposures. To date, no studies have found scientific support for the phenomenon. (68951)

CIS 97-879 Effects of 10-ppm hydrogen sulfide inhalation on pulmonary function in healthy men and women. Bhambhani Y., Burnham R., Snydmiller G., MacLean I., Lovlin R., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1012-1017. 20 ref. (In English)

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A group of 9 men and 10 women inhaled medical air or 10ppm hydrogen sulfide for 15min during cycle exercise at 50% of their maximal aerobic power. Routine pulmonary function tests were administered at rest and immediately after the two exposure conditions. No significant changes in pulmonary function variables were observed and none of the subjects experienced any signs or symptoms as a result of hydrogen sulfide exposure. Oral inhalation of 10ppm hydrogen sulfide at an elevated metabolic and ventilation rate does not significantly alter pulmonary function in healthy men and women. (68974)

CIS 97-880 Effects of a hydrochloric acid spill on neurobehavioral and pulmonary function. Kilburn K.H., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1018-1025. 31 ref. (In English)

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Neurobehavioural and pulmonary function tests were carried out on 45 adults 20 months after exposure to hydrochloric acid fumes leaking from a container truck. They also completed health questionnaires and a profile of mood states. Compared to a control group, exposed subjects showed impairment of reaction time and body balance and diminished scores in other neurobehavioural tests. In addition, symptoms were much more frequent in exposed individuals. Proximity to the spill increased sway speeds and impaired pulmonary midflow rates. The results indicate chronic behavioural dysfunction and airways obstruction following environmental exposure to hydrochloric acid fumes. (68975)

CIS 97-881 Biological monitoring of workers' exposure to bromine. Eldan M., Carel R.S., Factor-Litvak P., Goldsmith J.R., Weitzman S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1026-1031. 22 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of work characteristics was carried out among 848 workers in a company producing bromine compounds. Blood samples were obtained and serum bromine concentrations were measured using an x-ray fluorescence technique. Serum bromine levels were associated with all work characteristics studied: work site, department, handling of chemicals/bromine, and occupation. Serum bromine was also associated with age, country of origin and education in men only. The use of serum bromine as a measure of exposure is discussed and it is concluded that exposure to bromine can be assessed by regular monitoring of serum bromine. (68976)

CIS 97-882 Measurement and reduction of nitrous oxide in operating rooms. Schuyt H.C., Verberk M.M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1036-1040. 15 ref. (In English)

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Nitrous oxide in the breathing zone of anaesthesiologists was continuously monitored by means of a direct reading apparatus and a specially designed collar. Measurements were made in nine hospitals before and after the introduction of various hygienic measures, including repair of defects in anaesthetic apparatus, improvement of general ventilation, and use of a double mask to administer the anaesthetic gas mixture. With a combination of measures, the concentrations of nitrous oxide were considerably reduced. The monitoring system revealed important differences in exposure during the separate phases of anaesthesia, indicated which factors determined exposure, and allowed accurate determination of personal exposure. (68978)

CIS 97-883 Carbon monoxide: The silent killer. Genesove L., Accident Prevention, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.43, No.6, p.14-19. (In English)

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Occupational sources of carbon monoxide are identified (exhausts from automobiles, forklifts and other industrial equipment and combustion devices), along with occupations at risk, effects on humans, symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, and emergency treatment. Precautions include avoiding the use of fuel-burning equipment indoors, controlling exposure through equipment maintenance and ventilation, and ensuring carbon monoxide monitors are installed and working properly. (68987)

CIS 97-884 Can we detect mutagenic activity of urinary sediment by the Ames test?. Bubak A., Mielżyńska D., Siwińska E., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.47-54. 9 ref. (In English)

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The urine of five children and four coke-oven workers in a Polish town was tested for mutagenic substances. Mutagenic activity was found in samples from both groups, but only in acetone extracts of the urinary filtrate and not in the urinary sediment. (68994)

CIS 97-885 Occupational exposure in Polish paint and lacquer industry. Wesołowski W., Gromiec J.P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.79-88. 9 ref. (In English)

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Forty different organic solvents were identified in the air of five paint and lacquer manufacturing plants in Poland. Ethylbenzene, xylene and C-9 aromatic hydrocarbons were predominant. About 13% of workers were employed under conditions of excessive exposure. (68995)

CIS 97-886 Skin burns, necrosis and caustic ulcerations due to wet cement, concrete and lime. (French: Brûlures, nécroses et ulcérations cutanées dues au ciment, au béton prémixé et à la chaux) Koch P., Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie, 1996, Vol.123, No.12, p.832-836. Illus. 21 ref. (In French)

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A report of seven cases of skin burn necrosis and ulcerations, following use of wet cement and ready-mixed concrete. Calcium hydroxide induced the caustic ulcers in one case. For the prevention of these injuries warning notices on the risk in handling these materials are strongly recommended. (68997)

CIS 97-887 Hepatotoxic occupational risk factors. (Italian: Fattori di rischio professionali epatotossici) Tomei F., et al., Minerva medica, Dec. 1996, Vol.87, No.12, p.585-598. 96 ref. (In Italian)

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The main causes of occupational liver diseases are reviewed. The list of potentially hepatotoxic substances is very long, and evidence of specific toxicity only exists for some of them. The main routes through which exposure occurs are inhalation and skin absorption. No particular histological features can be detected, nor are there specific diagnostic means for individual chemical substances. Several aspects have to be considered such as characteristics of the workplace, lifestyle and individual susceptibility. (69026)

CIS 97-888 Poisoning by carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (French: Intoxication oxycarbonnée, intoxication par le gaz carbonique) Chiron M., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1996, No.112, 5p. Illus. 18 réf. (In French)

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Acute CO poisoning is the most frequent reported cause (although probably often underreported due to misdiagnosis) of accidental death by poisoning in France, whereas the incidence or the prevalence of chronic poisoning are not known, because of its insignificant clinical manifestations. This data sheet contains information on the physics and chemistry of both CO and CO₂ as well as on the clinical aspects of poisoning. (69036)

CIS 97-889 Toxicity of precious metals - Gold, silver, platinum, palladium. (French: Toxicité des métaux précieux - Or, argent, platine, palladium) Niezborala M., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1996, No.112, 6p. Illus. 57 ref. (In French)

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Data sheet on the toxicology of precious metals: gold, silver, and metals from the platinum group. These rare metals possess remarkable physical and chemical properties, especially an excellent resistance to corrosion by air, water and most acids and bases. Because of this resistance, these metals are used in a number of industrial applications and in jewellery. Gold, silver and platinum are used for therapeutic purposes and this use is a major cause if not the major cause of poisoning. Topics dealt with for each metal considered: physical and chemical properties, metabolism, toxicity. (69037)

CIS 97-890 Respiratory disorders induced by exposure to hard metal dust. (French: Affections respiratoires liées à l'exposition aux poussières de métaux durs) Lasfargues G., Lavandier M., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1996, No.112, 7p. Illus. 117 ref. (In French)

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Cemented carbides are alloys produced by processes of powder metallurgy successively combining compression and cementing from tungsten carbide powder using cobalt powder as binder. Exposure to cemented carbide dust causes various respiratory, bronchial or parenchymatous diseases. This data sheet reviews pathologies induced by such exposure: irritative syndrome; asthma; hypersensitivity pneumopathy; diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs; bronchopulmonary cancer; other; compensation and prevention in France; air monitoring and biomonitoring of exposures (ACGIH TLV-TWA for cobalt recently reduced from 50 to 20µ/m³); medical surveillance of workers exposure to cemented carbides dust. (69039)

CIS 97-891 Chemical safety. Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1997, Vol.4, No.1, whole issue (27p.). Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This whole issue is devoted to chemical safety issues in Asia. Articles cover: system for the control of major accident hazards in India (Saxena S.K.); information on chemical safety - an integrated information system in Malaysia (Majid M.I.A., Hussin A.H., Awang R., Razak D.A); chemical safety - a key issue in occupational health (Rantanen J.); chemical safety in Mongolia (Ayush N.); establishment of a chemical safety information network in the Philippines (Deocadiz E., Brabante A., Markkanen P.); industrial safety in the oil and petrochemical industry in Singapore (Go H.H.); chemical safety in Sri Lanka (Kulendran P.); asbestos, asbestosis and cancer - clinical criteria for diagnosis (Lehtinen S.); meeting to peer-review IPCS International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) (Obadia I.). (69049)

CIS 97-892 Biological monitoring of exposure to cadmium, a human carcinogen, as a result of active and passive smoking. Shaham J., Meltzer A., Ashkenazi R., Ribak J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1220-1228. 64 ref. (In English)

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Levels of blood cadmium and urine cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) were determined as biological markers of exposure to cigarette smoke in a group of workers comprising 47 active smokers, 46 passive smokers, and 65 unexposed nonsmokers. The mean blood cadmium levels in the active and passive smokers were significantly higher than in the unexposed nonsmokers. The mean cotinine level was significantly higher in active smokers than in the passive smokers or nonsmokers. Exposure to cigarette smoke is harmful in both active and passive smokers and is a confounder to be taken into account in epidemiologic studies and surveillance programmes on cadmium-exposed workers. (69053)

CIS 97-893 Adverse effects of colophony. Keira T., et al., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.1-7. 63 ref. (In English)

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This literature survey reviews the uses of colophony in industry, its adverse health effects, epidemiologic studies related to its use, diagnosis of colophony-related disorders, pathophysiology and control measures. Colophony is a mixture of resin acids used in a variety of industries, in particular, as a soldering flux in the electronics industry. Its main health effects are bronchial asthma and contact dermatitis. Control measures include medical examinations focusing on allergic history, and replacement of colophony in soldering flux. (69252)

CIS 97-894 Mutagenicity of 2-bromopropane. Maeng S.H., Yu I.J., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.87-95. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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2-bromopropane, a substitute for freon, is suspected to be responsible for an outbreak of reproductive dysfunctions among workers in an electronics factory. Bacterial mutation assays, chromosome aberration analysis in vitro and micronucleus tests in vivo were carried out to clarify the mutagenicity of 2-bromopropane. Results from reverse mutation assays using Salmonella typhimurium were positive and showed a dose-response relationship. The chromosome aberration tests and the micronucleus tests showed negative results. (69257)

CIS 97-895 Review of occupational lung carcinogens. Steenland K., et al., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.474-490. 169 ref. (In English)

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The epidemiology of occupational lung cancer is reviewed, focusing on agents identified as pulmonary carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer: silica, asbestos, diesel engine exhaust, radon progeny, arsenic, acrylonitrile, chromium, beryllium, nickel and cadmium. Estimates of overall relative risks and numbers of exposed workers are derived. It is estimated that approximately 9,000-10,000 men and 900-1,900 women develop lung cancer annually in the USA following past exposure to occupational carcinogens; more than half of these cancers are due to asbestos. Current estimates reflect past high exposures and are likely to drop in the future, unless other occupational carcinogens are confirmed or new ones are introduced into the workplace. (69286)

CIS 97-896 Neurobehavioral test performance among apprentice painters: Baseline data. Bolle L., et al., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.539-546. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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The neurobehavioural performance of 57 apprentice painters was compared with that of 62 apprentices from other manual trades involving no significant exposure to solvents. Their performances were compared twice over a period of three years. There were no major differences in performance between the two groups, with the exception of the verbal ability test; the lower results observed for painters in this test may be explained by socioeconomic factors. Overall, results suggest that because of the heterogeneity of subjects, it is important to obtain baseline data prior to any exposure to solvents. (69290)

CIS 97-897 A cohort study on mortality among wives of workers in the asbestos cement industry in Casale Monferrato, Italy. Magnani C., et al., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1993, Vol.50, No.9, p.779-784. 14 ref. (In English)

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This study investigates mortality from cancer and other diseases in a cohort of wives of asbestos cement workers in northwest Italy. After the exclusion of women with an occupational record in the asbestos cement industry, the cohort comprised 1964 women. Their domestic exposure was estimated according to their husbands' periods of employment in the plant. There were four deaths from pleural tumours (one diagnosed as mesothelioma at necropsy) and six from lung cancer. Two further cases of mesothelioma were diagnosed by histological examination after the end of follow up. None of the three wives with histologically diagnosed mesothelioma had been engaged in industrial activities. The study found a clear excess of mesotheliomas among wives of workers in the asbestos cement production industry. (68966)

CIS 97-898 The importance of lung function, non-malignant diseases associated with asbestos, and symptoms as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in shipyard workers exposed to asbestos. Sandén A., Järvholm B., Larsson S., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1993, Vol.50, No.9, p.785-790. 29 ref. (In English)

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The mortality from ischaemic heart disease was studied in a prospective cohort of 1,725 male shipyard workers exposed to asbestos. Men with impaired lung function had a significantly higher risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men with normal lung function. Men with asbestosis or suspected asbestosis had a significantly higher risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men without asbestosis and this finding was independent of respiratory function. In the group with normal lung function, men with dyspnoea had a significantly higher risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men without dyspnoea. The findings for men with asbestosis or suspected asbestosis indicated a further risk factor besides impaired lung function. Perhaps this risk factor is due to lesions of the pericardium with consequences for heart function. (68967)

CIS 97-899 Epidemiological survey of workers exposed to cobalt oxides, cobalt salts, and cobalt metal. Swennen B., et al., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1993, Vol.50, No.9, p.835-842. 35 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional study was carried out among 82 workers in a cobalt (Co) refinery to assess whether exposure to pure Co dust (metal, oxides or salts) may lead to adverse health effects. The results were compared with those in a sex- and age-matched control group. The exposed workers complained more often of dyspnoea and wheezing and had significantly more skin lesions than control workers. No lung abnormalities were detected on the chest radiographs in both groups. The results suggest that exposure to high airborne concentrations of Co alone is not sufficient to cause pulmonary fibrosis. This finding is compatible with experimental studies indicating that interaction of other airborne pollutants with Co particles play a part in the pathogenesis of parenchymal lung lesions. (68968)

CIS 97-900 Increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms after occupational exposure to low levels of styrene. Edling C., et al., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1993, Vol.50, No.9, p.843-850. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Twenty men exposed to styrene at a plastics factory and 20 non-exposed men participated in this study to evaluate neurotoxicity of low-level styrene exposure. The exposed men had significantly more neuropsychiatric symptoms than the referents although there were no significant differences for the psychometric tests performed. At follow-up, the exposed men reported fewer symptoms. This study indicates that symptoms are earlier indicators of adverse effects than complex tests and underlines the importance of regular follow-up of people exposed to styrene and probably to organic solvents in general. (68969)

CIS 97-901 Solvent induced encephalopathy - The Norwegian experience. Leira H.L., Occupational Health Southern Africa, Nov.-Dec. 1996, Vol.2, No.6, p.29-31. 4 ref. (In English)

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The incidence of solvent-induced encephalopathy in Norway in recent years is reviewed and symptoms and diagnostic tests are outlined. While the disease is not recognized in most other countries, many cases have been diagnosed and compensated in all Scandinavian countries. The disease affects workers with 15-30 years exposure to solvent vapour; the greatest risk appears to be among spray painters and printing industry workers. Since no treatment is available for this condition, preventive efforts in Norway have focused on training labour inspectors to recognize harmful exposures, check for relevant symptoms, and improve working conditions. (68988)

CIS 97-902 Exposure to fine airborne fibrous dust amongst processors of para-aramid. Cherrie J.W., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1995, Vol.39, No.4, p.403-425. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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Laboratory studies with animals exposed to high concentrations of fine fibrous dust (fibrils) derived from para-aramid fibres suggest that it may cause lung damage. A survey was undertaken in a selection of manufacturers of para-aramid-containing products to assess their 8-h time-weighted average exposure to respirable fibrils. Geometric mean concentrations for different jobs were generally low. Assuming a log-normal distribution, less than 1% of the exposure levels would be expected to exceed 0.5 fibres/mL and about 0.002% would be above 2 fibres/mL. Analysis of a selection of samples by fluorescence microscopy suggests that most of the fibrils in the majority of sites surveyed were para-aramid. At some sites a significant proportion of asbestos fibres were also found. (69001)

CIS 97-903 Postural stability of workers exposed to lead. Chia S.E., et al., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.768-771. 20 ref. (In English)

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Postural stability was investigated with a computerized postural sway measurement system in 60 workers exposed to lead with a duration of exposure of 84 months and in 60 controls. The results show that workers exposed to lead had significantly poorer postural stability than the controls. Lead may affect certain parts of the whole sensory neural axis, resulting in postural instability when the visual input is cut off. (69008)

CIS 97-904 Polypropylene production workers and colorectal cancer in Germany: A brief report. Kaleja R., Horbach L., Amsel J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.784-785. 10 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective cohort study (from 1956 to 1990) of 640 male polypropylene production workers in Germany was performed to evaluate the reported association between colorectal cancer and polypropylene. The results do not support earlier reports of a link between polypropylene production and colorectal cancer, but are consistent with a number of recent investigations of polypropylene production workers that have reported no association with risk of colorectal cancer. Due to the small size of this and other similar studies, however, a small to moderate increase in risk cannot be ruled out. (69010)

CIS 97-905 Lung cancer in chromate-exposed aerospace workers. Alexander B.H., Checkoway H., Wechsler L., Heyer N.J., Muhm J.M., O'Keeffe T.P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1253-1258. 17 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective cohort study investigated the risk of lung cancer in 2429 chromium-exposed aerospace workers with a minimum of six months' employment between 1974 and 1994. Estimates of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium were based on industrial hygiene and work-history data. Overall, no increased risk of lung cancer was observed. Although based on few cases, an elevated lung cancer risk was found in subjects who had worked for five years or more as a chrome plater, surface processor tank tender, sander/masker or polisher. Limitations of the study are discussed. (69057)

CIS 97-906 A mortality study of workers with reported chronic occupational carbon disulfide poisoning. Pepłońska B., Szeszenia-Dąbrowska N., Sobala W., Wilczyńska U., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1996, Vol.9, No.4, p.291-299. 12 ref. (In English)

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The mortality of a group of 2291 viscose rayon plant workers with chronic occupational carbon disulfide poisoning diagnosed during the years 1970-1990 was investigated to end 1992. Analysis of mortality in male subjects showed an excess risk of death from all causes compared with the general population of Poland. Increased mortality was also observed for diseases of the circulatory system, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, colon cancer and diseases of the nervous and sense organs. Among women a significant risk of death from atherosclerosis was noted. (69112)

CIS 97-907 Occupational exposure and malignant lymphoma. Persson B., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1996, Vol.9, No.4, p.309-321. 119 ref. (In English)

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Review of epidemiologic studies concerning the association between malignant lymphoma and exposures in a number of occupations: woodworking; farming and pesticide use; welding and related occupations; meat workers and veterinarians; and occupations involving exposure to solvents, wood preservatives, hairdyes, and rubber chemicals. The studies indicate that occupational factors, especially exposure to solvents, phenoxy herbicides and wood, play a role in the epidemiology of malignant lymphoma. (69114)

CIS 97-908 Whiter than white. Flint N., Safety and Health Practitioner, Feb. 1997, Vol.15, No.2, p.20-24. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

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Health problems caused by the exposure of workers' skin to detergents are reviewed. Sources of occupational exposure are outlined and human toxicological effects are described: irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, other non-eczematous dermatoses. Factors influencing susceptibility to skin damage are discussed along with health effects of components of detergents (surfactants, optical whiteners, proteolytic enzymes, perfumes, dyes, pigments, and germicidal agents). Legal requirements for the assessment of dermal exposure to detergents are outlined. (69148)

CIS 97-909 A 25-year follow-up study of heavily exposed vinyl chloride workers in Germany. Lelbach W.K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.446-458. 14 ref. (In English)

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Case reports are presented of 21 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production workers with vinyl chloride-induced disease. Difficulties in identifying the true character of their lesions and their occupational origin are highlighted. In 19 cases, death was due to malignant hepatoma. Two workers died of complications of noncirrhotic portal fibrosis with portal hypertension. Except for the final stages, there was strikingly little impairment of hepatic function. Latency periods in workers with malignant hepatoma ranged from 12 to 34 years; mean latency was 22 years, and younger age at first exposure seemed to have been accompanied by shorter latency periods. (69284)

CIS 97-910 Risk of lung cancer among former chromium smelter workers. Rosenman K.D., Stanbury M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.491-500. 13 ref. (In English)

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A mortality study carried out on former workers at four chromate producing facilities showed an increased risk of lung cancer among both white and black workers. These risks increased with increasing duration of employment and latency since time of first employment. The risks of lung cancer for white men remained elevated more than 20 years after exposure had ceased. The risk for nasal cavity/sinus cancer was also increased, and a cluster of bladder cancer was seen among black workers from one facility. The ongoing elevated risk of lung cancer after cessation of exposure emphasizes the need for developing early detection tests for this disease. (69287)

CIS 97-911 The permeation of substituted chlorosilanes through selected protective clothing. Mansdorf S.Z., Henry N., Anderson D., Strong M., Rossi D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.110-115. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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The permeation resistance of a range of glove and suit materials against commercially available chlorosilanes was tested by a standard test method. Breakthrough times are listed for each material. Of the glove barriers tested, Viton¿, 4H¿ laminate and Silver Shield¿ provided the best breakthrough resistance, in excess of 6h in most cases. All protective clothing barriers provided at least 8h of breakthrough resistance, although there was evidence of degradation. The selection of protective clothing based on performance against the hydrolysis product (hydrogen chloride) was found not to be valid. It appears that chlorosilanes more closely mimic the permeation behaviour of chlorinated organic compounds, such as carbon tetrachloride. (68954)

CIS 97-912 An evaluation of respirator maintenance requirements. Brosseau L.M., Traubel K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.116-120. 11 ref. (In English)

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A telephone survey of 28 companies using negative-pressure air-purifying respirators revealed that while the majority of companies were meeting requirements for respiratory protection and respirator maintenance, some improvements were necessary: inspection of all respirator parts should be carried out before and after each use; replacement parts should be made readily available on site; regular cleaning should be performed; and more hands-on practice with respirators and their maintenance should be incorporated into training sessions. (68955)

CIS 97-913 Frequency of sister chromatid exchange and haematological effects in glass-houses fumigators exposed to pesticides. (Spanish: Frecuencia del intercambio entre cromátidas hermanas y efectos hematológicos en los fumigadores de invernaderos expuestos a pesticidas) Lander F., Ronne M., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.161-169. (In Spanish)

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A cross-sectional study involving 134 glass-houses fumigators exposed to a mixture of pesticides and 157 controls was carried out in order to investigate the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of the products used. Sister chromatid exchange method (SCE) and blood count were used to evaluate chromosome and haematological alterations. SCE frequency was higher in non-smoking fumigators, as opposed to controls. No difference was found in the haematological profiles of the two groups. The results suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides may have genotoxic effects. (69227)

CIS 97-914 Reproductive effects of sodium borates on male employees: Birth rate assessment. Whorton M.D., et al., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1994, Vol.51, No.11, p.761-767. 22 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of the study was to investigate potential reproductive effects of sodium borates on occupationally exposed male employees at a large mining and production facility in California (USA). There was a highly significant excess of offspring fathered by the male employees. There was no evidence of a relation between exposure and this excess of offspring, nor were there any temporal differences during the period of observation (>30 years). Conclusion: under the conditions studied, there were no adverse reproductive effects of high borate doses as reported from oral ingestion studies in animals. (69007)

CIS 97-915 Mortality among coal miners with pneumoconiosis in Poland. Starzyński Z., Marek K., Kujawska A., Szymczak W., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1996, Vol.9, No.4, p.279-289. 13 ref. (In English)

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The mortality of a cohort of 7065 hard coal miners with pneumoconiosis diagnosed during 1970-1985 was investigated to end 1991. The miners showed significantly elevated total mortality and mortality due to respiratory diseases compared with the general male population of Poland. Mortality from all diseases of the circulatory system was lower among the miners. No significant increase in the risk of death from malignant neoplasms of the lung was observed among the miners as a whole or among sub-groups which varied according to their risk of pneumoconiosis and their level of exposure to ionizing radiation. (69111)

CIS 97-916 An analysis program for occupational cohort mortality and update cancer risk in copper miners. Chen R., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1996, Vol.9, No.4, p.301-308. 17 ref. (In English)

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A computer system for the analysis of data from occupational follow-up studies is described. Application of the system to an updated cohort of copper miners in China showed that the number of deaths from all types of cancer was higher than expected; the standardized mortality ratio being highest for lung cancer. Risk of cancer deaths increased with time since first exposure and more strongly with duration of exposure. In addition to cancer, cardiovascular diseases and silicosis were important factors in determining the life expectancy of the miners. Exposure to silica dust is considered to be a risk factor. (69113)

CIS 97-917 An index of past asbestos exposure as applied to car and bus mechanics. Plato N., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1995, Vol.39, No.4, p.441-454. Illus. 39 ref. (In English)

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Different ways to describe historic exposure from asbestos-containing friction materials were studied and compared for a group of 103 car and bus mechanics with more than 20 years employment and 15 years of asbestos exposure. A model was constructed to calculate cumulative asbestos exposure from friction materials including duration, intensity and exposure last year. In order to validate the model, the mechanics' fibre exposure estimated using the model were compared with representative asbestos exposure measurements for car mechanics during the 1960s and the 1970s. Five lung physiological variable were used to study exposure-response relationships. None of the exposure parameters suggested any significant relationship between exposure and decrease in lung function. (69003)

CIS 97-918 Airway reactivity in welders: A controlled prospective cohort study. Beckett W.S., Pace P.E., Sferlazza S.J., Perlman G.D., Chen A.H., Xu X.P., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1229-1238. 26 ref. (In English)

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In an across-workshift study of 49 welders (symptom questionnaires and spirometry), the aggregate number of respiratory symptoms reported during the day was low; maximal midexpiratory flow rate declined reversibly during the day, whereas 1-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity were unchanged. In a 3 year study of 51 welders and 54 non-welder control subjects, respiratory symptoms, spirometry and methacholine reactivity were measured annually. Welders had significantly more reversible work-related symptoms of cough, phlegm, wheeze and chest tightness than the controls. No evidence for chronic irreversible effects on spirometry or airway reactivity was seen over the 3 years of observation. (69054)

CIS 97-919 Evaluation of the utility of spirometry in a regional public health screening program for workers exposed to welding fumes. Rossignol M., Seguin P., DeGuire L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1259-1263. 29 ref. (In English)

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Pulmonary questionnaires and spirometric tests were administered twice at five yearly intervals to 229 welders/cutters from 31 metal manufacturing plants. Results of the first spirometric test suggested that a high lifetime exposure to welding fumes was associated with better lung functions (healthy worker effect). Investigation of the average annual change in spirometric values between the two screenings revealed no association between lung function and exposure to welding fumes. It is recommended that the screening programme should be restricted to administration of the questionnaire, while spirometry should be reserved for diagnostic purposes in workers with reported respiratory problems. (69058)

CIS 97-920 Acetic aldehyde and formaldehyde in cutting fluids and their relation to irritant symptoms. Järvholm B., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Oct. 1995, Vol.39, No.5. p.591-601. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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Two large cutting fluid systems in an engineering industry were analyzed in order to study the formation of acetic aldehyde and formaldehyde in cutting fluids and its relation to irritation of mucous membranes and the skin. About 50 persons were exposed to each of the cutting fluids. The concentration of the aldehydes varied with time and between the cutting fluids. None of the analyzed parameters could explain the variable concentration of aldehydes. Mucous membrane irritation was much more common in one of the systems. The occurrence of symptoms was slightly associated with the concentration of aldehydes and pH of the fluid varied more in the fluid that caused most symptoms. A few measurements of ammonia indicated a higher concentration of ammonia in the fluid that caused most symptoms. It is concluded that irritation of mucous membranes and the skin may vary considerably between different cutting fluids of similar composition and use but the causal factor could not be determined in this study, however, a variable pH and an increased concentration of ammonia may be indicators in this context. Better markers for the surveillance of cutting fluids need to be developed. (69178)

CIS 97-921 Estimation of CO exposure of road construction workers in tunnel. Kamei M., Yanagisawa Y., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.119-125. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured in three tunnels in the Boston area (United States) and the potential exposure of construction workers in the tunnels was estimated. CO concentrations ranged from 5ppm to 42ppm, and a linear relationship between CO concentration and distance from the tunnel entrance was observed. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommendation for CO exposure is 35ppm TWA for light work and 26-27ppm for heavy work. Repeated monitoring of CO levels during construction work in tunnels is recommended. (69258)

CIS 97-922 Exposure to isocyanates and organic solvents, and pulmonary-function changes in workers in a polyurethane molding process. Akbar-Khanzadeh F., Rivas R.D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1205-1212. 36 ref. (In English)

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Short-term changes in pulmonary function were determined in a group of urethane mould operators exposed to isocyanates and solvents, and in a control group of nonexposed workers. Measured concentrations of airborne chemicals, including hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and HDI polyisocyanate, were below recommended exposure criteria; no daily or weekly reduction in pulmonary function was observed. In a long-term study (2.5 years), isocyanate/solvent exposed subjects showed significant reduction in forced vital capacity and expiratory volume in 1 second. No such changes were observed in the non-exposed subjects or in those exposed only to organic solvents. Long-term exposure to isocyanates, even in very low concentrations, may contribute to impaired pulmonary function. (69051)

CIS 97-923 Bladder cancer incidence in arylamine workers. Ouellet-Hellstrom R., Rench J.D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1239-1247. 18 ref. (In English)

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Cancer incidence was investigated in a cohort of 700 workers employed at a chemical plant between mid-1965 and 1989. The plant produced a variety of chemicals including arylamines such as dichlorobenzidine, o-dianisidine and o-tolidine; benzidine production ceased prior to mid-1965. The principal finding was a significant increase in the standardized incidence ratio for bladder cancer in men. Based on an exposure classification system, the observed association between bladder cancer cases and exposure to arylamines increased with increasing exposure. Smoking probably contributed to the bladder cancer risk, as all case subjects were known to be current or former cigarette smokers. (69055)

CIS 97-924 Exposure to chloramines in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools. Héry M., et al., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1995, Vol.39, No.4, p.427-439. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Specific sampling and analytical methods were developed to assess the concentration of chloramines in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools because swimming instructors had complained of irritation (mainly eye and lung). The chloramine concentration in the atmosphere of 13 swimming pools (including five recreational centres and one re-education centre) was measured, showing that the concentrations were higher in the recreational centres. The influence of slides, bubbling baths, waves and other activities were demonstrated. A correlation was made between the level of pollutants and the complaints registered. (69002)

CIS 97-925 Reproductive disturbances in female hairdressers due to exposure to chemical products. (Spanish: Alteraciones en la reproducción debidas a exposición a productos químicos entre peluqueras) Kersemaekaers M., Roeleveld N., Xielhius G.A., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.147-160. (In Spanish)

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Analysis of epidemiologic studies from 1985 to 1993 in the database Medline on reproductive hazards of exposure to chemical products used in hairdressing. Not much evidence was found of reproductive disturbances in hairdressers due to the use of chemical products. However, the limited availability of data in humans and the unknown effects of some chemical substances should be taken into account. (69226)

CIS 97-926 Lead exposure in indoor firing ranges: Environmental impact and health risk to the range users. Abudhaise B.A., Alzoubi M.A., Rabi A.Z., Alwash R.M., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1996, Vol.9, No.4, p.323-329. 26 ref. (In English)

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Health risk from airborne lead exposure was evaluated in 54 trainees and 31 firearm instructors at two military indoor firing ranges in Amman, Jordan. High concentrations of airborne lead that markedly exceeded internationally adopted safe exposure levels were found in both ranges. Despite the absence of lead poisoning symptoms, instructors and trainees had significantly higher blood lead levels than did a control group. In addition, the activity of aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase was significantly lower than in the controls, indicating a subcritical biological effect. Control of lead emissions and periodic monitoring of frequent range users is recommended. (69115)

CIS 97-927 Liver enzyme activity and body mass index. Burns C.J., Boswell J.M., Olsen G.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1248-1252. 12 ref. (In English)

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The activity of three liver enzymes was used as a measure of liver injury among male employees of a large chemical company. Body mass index and alcohol consumption were strongly associated with increased activity in liver enzymes; body mass index remained associated with enzyme activity after controlling for alcohol consumption, race and age. These findings are important in relation to allegations that exposure to certain chlorinated solvents can cause liver disease. Results suggest that body mass index, as well as alcohol and race, are significant risk factors for abnormal liver enzyme test results. (69056)

CIS 97-928 Large particle and wall deposition effects in inhalable samplers. Aitken R.J., Donaldson R., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 67p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1270-8 (In English)

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This report describes the investigation of issues relating to the practical use of the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) personal inhalable particle sampler and the 7-hole head sampler. The project involved: design and construction of a cassette version of the 7-hole sampler which allowed complete separation between particles which enter the cassette and those which are incident on its outer surfaces; determination and subsequent modification of the aspiration efficiencies of inhalable samplers for particles having an aerodynamic diameter greater than 100µm; and the development of shields for personal inhalable samplers which can exclude large particles. (69127)

CIS 97-929 Exposure to refractory ceramic fibres in smelters and foundries. (Swedish: Exponering för keramiska fibrer vid smältverk och gjuterier) Krantz S., et al., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 36p. Illus. 37 ref., ISBN 91-7045-282-2 (In Swedish)

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The fibre exposure associated with the use of refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) in smelters and foundries was investigated. Participating employees and contractors were classified into three exposure categories, depending on their distance from the fibre source. The highest concentration of airborne ceramic fibres occurred in category 1, whose members actually handled RCF. The median fibre concentrations in this category varied between 0.26 and 12 fibres/mL for different plants. During certain extreme operations concentrations up to 210f/mL were measured. For exposure categories 2 (work on or near equipment containing RCF) and 3 (work in shops where such equipment was located), the corresponding plant median values were 0.03-0.24f/mL. A dose estimation shows that certain occupational groups may be exposed to an environmental risk. Different methods for controlling fibre emission are discussed. (69232)

CIS 97-930 Mineral Fibers. Occupational exposure assessment and epidemiologic studies. Plato N., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 61p. 143 ref., ISBN 91-7045-297-0 (In English)

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Efforts to characterize current fibre exposure levels, and where possible determine levels of exposure to specific fibres, potentially confounding factors and contaminant exposures, led to the development of a simple alternative method for counting mineral fibres by phase-contrast microscopy. Another goal was to develop models for estimation of long-term occupational fibre exposures for individuals and apply the models in estimation of past mineral fibre exposure in epidemiological studies. The potential biological outcomes from these exposures were studied for lung cancer and lung function disorders. Current and past mineral fibre exposures were characterized for workers in three different settings: man-made vitreous fibre (MMVF) production, MMVF use (prefabricated wooden house industry) and vehicle repair shops. Different exposure patterns were mapped for different job titles. Models developed for calculating past fibre exposure could not be directly validated but were checked for consistency with existing data and other studies. (69238)

CIS 97-931 Pesticide incidents - Report 1995/96. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Oct. 1996. 22p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This report provides information on incidents involving pesticides investigated by the Field Operations Directorate of the Health and Safety Executive between Apr. 1995 and Mar. 1996. 169 incidents were investigated, 82 of which alleged ill health. Recent trends in the nature of the incidents and types of pesticides used are presented, and eight case studies of specific incidents are summarized. (69104)

CIS 97-932 Technical guidance document in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No.1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Parts I-IV. European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1996. 4 vols. xv, 739p. Bibl.ref. Price: ECU 35.50, ECU 40.00, ECU 19.00, ECU 17.50., ISBN 92-827-8011-2, ISBN 92-827-8012-0, ISBN 92-827-8013-9, ISBN 92-827-8014-7 (In English)

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This set of documents provides guidance for competent authorities appointed by EEC Member States to carry out risk assessments of new notified and existing substances, and for notifiers of new substances, and manufacturers and importers who have obligations to submit information for risk assessment. There are four parts. Part I: general principles and procedures of risk assessment; risk assessment for human health (exposure and effects assessment, risk characterization). Part II: environmental risk assessment. Part III: use of quantitative structure activity relationships; use categories; risk assessment report format. Part IV: emission scenario documents for specific industries (including the chemical industry, leather processing, metal processing, pulp and paper industry, textile processing, and the paint and varnish industry). (69110)

CIS 97-933 Chemical sensitivity. Volume 4. Rea W.J., CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 1997. xx, 907p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-87371-965-4 (In English)

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The final volume in this four-volume set covers techniques and tests required to establish a diagnosis of chemical sensitivity and the treatment of patients who are environmentally ill. Contents includes: therapy for the chemically sensitive patient; patient history and physical examination; laboratory tests; environmental control units; reduction of total body overload through avoidance of pollutants in air, water and food; thermal chamber depuration and physical therapy; injection therapy; nutrition replacement; endocrine treatment; tolerance moderators; psychological aspects; surgery in the chemically sensitive; long-term follow-up. (69118)

CIS 97-934 Biomarkers and occupational health - Progress and perspectives. Mendelsohn M.L., Peeters J.P., Normandy M.J., eds., National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20418, USA, 1995. viii, 335p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 66.00 (GBP 44.95)., ISBN 0-309-05187-8 (In English)

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This book is based primarily on papers presented at the International Workshop on the Development and Applications of Biomarkers, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, 26-29 April 1994. Contents: role of biomarkers in the prevention of occupational disease; national and international perspectives; ethical and legal considerations; priorities, costs and standards; study design; medical surveillance at a hazardous waste site; integrating biomarkers into health and safety programmes; clinical applications of biomarkers in occupational medicine; recent technical advances in biomarkers research; monitoring worker exposure to metals (beryllium and chromium). (69146)

CIS 97-935 Second Meeting of the Intersessional Group of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety. Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety, c/o World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Apr. 1996. approx. 130p. (In English)

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Final report of the Second Meeting of the Intersessional Group of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS), held from 5 to 8 March 1996 in Canberra, Australia. Subjects treated included: IFCS activities, budget and priorities for action; pollutant release and transfer registers; national profiles; persistent organic pollutants; harmonization of chemical classification and labelling; information sharing and informatics; treatment of obsolete chemicals; prior informed consent; strengthening of national capability and capacity for chemicals management. Annexes. (69174)

CIS 97-936 World directory of pesticide control organisations. Ekström G., ed., Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 4WF, United Kingdom, 3rd ed., 1996. v, 520p. 40 ref., ISBN 0-85404-437X (In English)

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This directory provides contact details of national authorities in 180 countries which are involved in pesticides and their control. Summary information is provided on national domestic activities performed by competent authorities, research institutions, laboratories, etc. responsible for various aspects of the national government's pesticide control strategy. In addition, centres which act as contact points for international organizations concerned with pesticides are identified. Introductory chapters include a review of the role of United Nations agencies and similar organizations in the control of pesticides, and an outline of appropriate technology for pesticide analysis in developing countries. (69241)

CIS 97-937 Catalog of teratogenic agents. Shepard T.H., The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2715 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-4319, USA, 8th ed., 1995. xxvii, 542p. Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price: USD 110.00., ISBN 0-8018-5182-3 (In English)

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This catalogue provides information on 2571 teratogenic agents including chemicals, drugs, physical factors and viruses. Entries are arranged alphabetically and provide details of any known human teratogenic data, brief summaries of published animal studies, and relevant bibliographic references. (69251)

CIS 97-938 Mineral wool and health. (Swedish: Mineralull och hälsa) Westerholm P., Krantz S., eds., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 78p. Illus. 91 ref., ISBN 91-7045-261-X (In English, Swedish)

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Compilation of 11 presentations at a one-day seminar on the health effects of exposure to mineral wool. It covers: international epidemiological studies; lung cancer risks and exposure to mineral wool in the Swedish wooden house industry; exposure, cancer and mortality in the Swedish mineral wool industry during 1952-1990; experimental studies in vivo; in-vitro studies of mineral fibres; health effects of refractory ceramic fibres; animal studies; the authorities' view of fibres; international regulations, present situation and developments; quality assurance and harmonization of methods of measurement; developments in industry regarding safety and health aspects of fibres. Nine of the presentations are in Swedish, two are in English. (69267)

CIS 97-939 Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards XV. (Swedish: Vetenskapligt underlag för hygieniska gränsvärden. 15 - Criteria Group for Occupational Standards XV) Lundberg P., Criteria Group for Occupational Standards, ed., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 72p. (Eng.); 79p. (Swe.). 298 ref., ISBN 91-7045-277-6 (sve), ISBN 91-7045-278-4 (Eng) (In English, Swedish)

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Critical evaluation of those scientific data which are relevant as background for discussion of Swedish occupational exposure limits. This volume consists of the consensus reports submitted by the Criteria Group at the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Health between July 1993 and June 1994. They cover: ethylene glycol monopropylether (propoxyethanol) and its acetate (2-propoxyethanol acetate), hexachloroethane, some metal stearates, some stearates, hexylene glycol, barium and barium compounds, strontium and strontium compounds, dicyclopentadiene, N,N-dimethylacetamide, indium and inorganic indium compounds, o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile and thioglycolic (mercaptoacetic) acid. (69269)

CIS 97-940 Mercury as a global pollutant. Porcella D.B., Huckabee J.W., Wheatley B., eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Spuiboulevard 50, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Feb. 1995. xiv, 1336p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: DFL 495.00, USD 349.00, GBP 224.00., ISBN 0-7923-3544-9 (In English)

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Proceedings of the third international conference on mercury as a global pollutant held in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, 10-14 July 1994. Papers cover: mercury and human health; mercury sources and transport; atmospheric mercury; atmospheric reactions and deposition of mercury; mercury dynamics in watersheds; lake and reservoir mercury; mercury in Arctic lakes, estuaries and oceans; mercury methylation and reduction processes; mercury in fish and wildlife; aquatic cycling of mercury in biota and sediments; mercury in soils; mercury risk assessment and management of anthropogenic sources; mercury measurement methods. (69132)

CIS 97-941 Chemical reaction hazards. Barton J., Rogers R., eds., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1997. viii, 225p. Illus. 134 ref. Index., ISBN 0-85295-341-0 (In English)

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Contents of this revised guide to the assessment of chemical reaction hazards: introduction to chemical reaction hazards, legal requirements and the assessment strategy; process assessment and process definition techniques for evaluating chemical reaction hazards; interpreting data with respect to process operation and plant design; process risk analysis; selecting and specifying a basis of safety; general hazards of plant operation; operating procedures and instructions. In appendices: case histories of incidents; example of a chemical hazard assessment; example of the use of HAZAN; assessing fire and explosion hazards in a simple batch reactor; typical table of contents for the technical description of a process. (69123)

CIS 97-942 Neurobehavioral test battery of the Institute of Occupational Health. Hänninen H., Lindström K., Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1989. 23p. Illus. 19 ref. Price: USD 10.00., ISBN 951-801-702-6 (In English)

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This booklet describes psychological tests used to assess the behavioural impairments and emotional changes caused by neurotoxic exposure in the work environment. Tests relate to motor ability, attention and sensory-motor speed, visual/spatial ability, visual memory, verbal memory and verbal abilities. Examples are provided of tests used in four studies on organic solvents, and use of the tests in clinical practice is discussed. (69245)

CIS 97-943 Working with asbestos cement and asbestos insulating board. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 7p. 12 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-1247-3 (In English)

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This guidance note provides advice on precautions to be taken during work with asbestos cement (AC) products and asbestos insulating board (AIB). Contents: health hazards of asbestos; uses and identification of AC and AIB; preparing for work with AC and AIB (assessment of likely exposure); control limits for personal exposures; notification of work with asbestos; prevention and reduction of exposure; respirators and protective clothing; cleaning and hygiene facilities; control methods and likely dust levels for specific jobs involving AC and AIB. (69157)

CIS 97-944 Carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 2: Guidance for road vehicle operators and others involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by road. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 83p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1253-8 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996 and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (Driver Training) Regulations 1996. Contents: scope of requirements (categories of dangerous goods, quantity thresholds); duty to ensure goods are fit for carriage; provision of information by operator and by driver; vehicle marking; suitability of means of transport; loading, unloading and stowage; emergency organization; supervision and parking; training of drivers; requirements relating to the carriage of passengers, opening of packages, and carriage of food. In annex: guidance on the design and construction of the tanks of road tankers. (69061)

CIS 97-945 The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and Guidelines to classification 1996-1997. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland. 1996. 64p. 66 ref. (In English)

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Part 1 of this document describes the basis of the WHO system for the classification of pesticides according to their acute risk to health. The classification is based primarily on the acute oral and dermal toxicity to the rat (LD₅₀ values). A table shows LD₅₀ values for each class of pesticide: extremely hazardous, highly hazardous, moderately hazardous, and slightly hazardous. The application of the criteria for classification is explained along with the effects of classification on labelling. Part 2 provides lists of products in the 4 hazard classes and a list of pesticides considered unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use. Further tables are provided for determining the hazard class of a formulation. (69070)

CIS 97-946 1997 Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations, 1994 [Ireland]. National Authority for Occupational Safety and Health, 10 Hogan Place, Dublin 2, Ireland, 1997. 57p. Price: IEP 5.00., ISBN 0-0008-0013-9 (In English)

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List of exposure limits for Ireland issued under the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations, 1994 (CIS 95-1947). Schedule I contains the list of chemical agents, with the following information for each substance: name; EINECS and CAS numbers; occupational exposure limits (OELs) (8h and 15min reference periods, data both in ppm and mg/m³); notes (where relevant). Schedule II contains a list of those chemical agents for which the OEL changed in 1997. Schedule III contains those agents for which OEL changes are foreseen for 1999. (69077)

CIS 97-947 The index of flame retardants. Ash M., Ash I., eds., Gower Publishing, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 1997. xx, 305p. Index. Price: GBP 95.00., ISBN 0-566-07885-6 (In English)

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This guide provides information on more than 1000 trade name products and chemicals used as flame retardants. Part I contains alphabetical entries of trade name products, while Part II provides a cross-reference of chemicals that function as flame retardants or are components of trade name products. Information includes manufacturer, chemical description, identity numbers, applications and functions, use levels, regulatory details, general properties, toxicology, environmental data, precautions, hazard rating, and storage requirements. Part III provides an application cross-reference, and Part IV a manufacturers directory. Includes numerous cross-references. (69092)

CIS 97-948 Carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 1: Guidance for consignors of dangerous goods by road and rail. Classification, packaging, labelling and provision of information. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 39p. Illus. 28 ref. Price: GBP 9.95., ISBN 0-7176-1255-4 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations 1996, the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996, and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996. Contents: application of the Regulations; classification of dangerous goods; exceptions allowed under the Regulations; packaging requirements; packaging design type testing and certification requirements; requirements for transportable pressure receptacles; labelling and marking requirements; provision of information by the consignor; transitional arrangements. (69094)

CIS 97-949 Carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 3: Guidance for rail operators and others involved in the carriage of dangerous goods by rail. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 31p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1256-2 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996. Contents: application of the Regulations (definition of dangerous goods, responsibilities of those involved); suitability of containers and wagons; provision and display of information on the substances carried; loading, unloading and stowage of dangerous goods; carriage of explosives; marshalling and formation of dangerous goods trains; emergency systems; prevention of fire, explosion and leakage; information of personnel. A table summarizes the main changes between this and previous legislation. (69105)

CIS 97-950 General COSHH ACOP (control of substances hazardous to health), and carcinogens ACOP (control of carcinogenic substances), and biological agents ACOP (control of biological agents) - Approved codes of practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1997. vi, 74p. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1308-9 (In English)

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This revised guidance incorporates changes to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1994 (CIS 95-19) made by three sets of amending regulations: the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (CIS 95-23), the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (Amendment) Regulations 1996, and the Mine (Substances Hazardous to Health) Regulations 1996. Changes include amended definitions, new and amended maximum exposure limits for some substance groups, and further guidance on exposure monitoring techniques. Replaces CIS 95-1456. (69134)

CIS 97-951 The index of solvents: An international guide to 1700 products by trade name, chemical, application and manufacturer. Ash M., Ash I., Gower Publishing Ltd., Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 1996. xviii, 589p. Indexes. Price: GBP 95.00., ISBN 0-566-07884-8 (In English)

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This index provides information on over 1,700 trade name products and chemicals used as solvents in the chemical industry and in research. There are four parts: alphabetical listing of trade name solvents; chemical dictionary/cross-reference of substances used as solvents or solvent components; application cross-reference list; and a manufacturers' directory. Information provided for each chemical includes: chemical description, uses, properties, toxicology, precautions during use, and storage requirements. Includes indexes by CAS number and EINECS number. (69143)

CIS 97-952 Proposal for a data sheet on tobacco smoke. (French: Proposition de fiche toxicologique de la fumée du tabac) European Union of Nonsmokers, 14 rue de Sébastopol, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens, 13 rue des Ecluses Saint-Martin, 75010 Paris, France, Jan. 1997. 4p. Illus. 13 ref. (In English, French)

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Contents of this data sheet on tobacco smoke: description; short-term exposure effects; long-term exposure effects; fire and explosion hazards; ventilation; regulations; control; training and information. (69180)

CIS 97-953 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 111. Industrial enzymes. Brisman J., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 26p. 91 ref., ISBN 91-7045-276-8 (In English)

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The literature on adverse reactions caused by exposure to industrial enzymes is reviewed. The critical effect is sensitization and the forming of IgE antibodies. This sensitization may cause clinical respiratory allergic disease such as rhinitis and asthma, or skin diseases such as contact dermatitis or contact urticaria. Exposure levels can be measured by air sampling and determination of enzyme activity or immunological analysis. Experience from enzyme production plants shows that workplace hygienic measures are effective in reducing air levels and sensitization rates. However, the present ACGIH TLV for subtilisins (the most common proteolytic detergent enzymes) of 0.06µg/m³ does not totally prevent the occurrence of sensitization. (69231)

CIS 97-954 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 113. 1,3-Butadiene. Sorsa M., Peltonen K., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 44p. 123 ref., ISBN 91-7045-284-9 (In English)

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Criteria document to serve as a basis for a discussion on occupational exposure limits for 1,3-butadiene (BD), an important industrial chemical with an estimated annual world production exceeding 5 million tons. BD is used principally as a monomer for producing a wide range of polymers and copolymers, the largest single use being styrene-BD rubber for tyre products. BD also occurs as an environmental contaminant from traffic exhausts and tobacco smoke. Low exposure to BD is thus quite common. BD requires metabolic activation to reactive epoxides in order to bind to DNA and initiate events leading to mutations and cancer. Species differences in metabolism are therefore very relevant for risk assessment. The epoxide metabolites of BD are highly mutagenic in various assay systems. BD is a high-priority compound for risk assessments not only because of its widespread use but also due to its known toxicological properties. BD is practically nontoxic acutely, but it is a multiple-organ carcinogen in rats and (particularly) mice. Still, it is not clear whether BD, at the low human exposure levels occurring, can be shown to be carcinogenic, although epidemiological studies have revealed associations between occupational exposure to BD and excess mortality due to lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers. (69233)

CIS 97-955 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 114. Cobalt and cobalt compounds. Midtgård U., Binderup M.L., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 66p. 337 ref., ISBN 91-7045-287-3 (In English)

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Criteria document to serve as a basis for setting an occupational exposure limit for cobalt (Co). The major route of exposure in the work environment is through inhalation, but skin contact with Co-containing products (cement) is also important in some types of jobs. The absorbed Co is distributed by the blood and accumulates in the liver, kidney, heart and pancreas. Excretion is predominantly via the kidneys. Co has an effect on most organs. Particularly important are asthma and interstitial lung diseases seen in hard-metal workers and diamond polishers using cobalt-diamond abrasive disks. Allergic dermatitis has been reported in construction workers who have contact with cement. Co also has an effect on the heart and the haematopoietic system, with recent evidence that thyroid function may be affected in persons exposed to Co (ceramic plate decorators). Finally, Co is mutagenic in most test systems, and Co and its compounds may be carcinogenic. However, epidemiological cancer data are very limited and further studies are needed. Critical effects are those on the respiratory system. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in humans is 0.05mg Co/m³ and the lowest observed effect level (LOEL) is around 0.02mg Co/m³. Particularly sensitive persons may react at even lower levels. (69234)

CIS 97-956 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 115. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Åkesson B., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 24p. 55 ref., ISBN 91-7045-288-1 (In English)

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A critical survey and evaluation of the relevant literature, to be used as a basis for establishing an occupational exposure limit for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). NMP is a widely and increasingly used solvent. The toxicity of NMP is, however, not well known. The observed irritant effects on skin and eyes are those of a moderate to severe irritant. Subchronic exposure to NMP may cause degenerative tissue changes and affect the respiratory, haemopoietic and lymphoid system. Lethargy and irregular respiration observed after both inhalation and oral administration may be due to a neurotoxic effect. NMP seems to be a weak mutagen. For evaluation of the carcinogenic potential, further data are needed. Reproductive toxicity studies in rabbits, rats and mice show developmental toxicity at doses causing no or mild maternal toxicity. Prenatal exposure to NMP may cause postnatal neurobehavioural effects in rats. The critical effect of NMP in occupational exposure is irritation of the eyes and skin. Another critical effect of NMP may be its enhancing effect on skin penetration by other compounds. (69235)

CIS 97-957 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 116. Glyoxal. Lundberg P., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 16p. 57 ref., ISBN 91-7045-293-8 (In English)

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Glyoxal is a very reactive compound and it can react inside the cell with proteins, RNA and DNA. It is a potent allergen, and cross-sensitization has been shown between glyoxal, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Although there are no human data, glyoxal should be regarded as an irritant to skin and mucous membranes. From animal studies, there are indications that glyoxal has a tumour-promoting effect in the glandular stomach of rats. The risk for human stomach cancer after inhalation of glyoxal must be considered to be very low. The critical effect is irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. The mutagenic properties might be a critical effect. (69236)

CIS 97-958 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 117. Propene. Beije B., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1995. 38p. 115 ref., ISBN 91-7045-298-9 (In English)

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Propene (propylene, PE) is an important industrial chemical which is also present as a contaminant in urban air and cigarette smoke. PE is metabolized to propylene oxide (PO), which binds to macromolecules, i.e. haemoglobin and DNA. PE is an asphyxiant. Human data are scarce. Inhalation of PE on a long-term basis gives rise to non-neoplastic toxic changes in the nasal cavity of rats, but not of mice. In male mice there is a higher incidence of chronic focal renal inflammation. In female mice there is a higher incidence of uterine endometrial stromal polyps and, to a lesser extent, haemangiosarcoma as well as haemangiosarcoma and haemangioma combined. There are limited data on the potential health hazard to humans due to PE exposure. However, as a metabolite, PO is carcinogenic in experimental animals. It is not possible at the present time to rule out PE as a human carcinogen. (69237)

CIS 97-959 Criteria documents from the Nordic Expert Group 1994. (Swedish: Kriteriedokument från Nordiska Expertgruppen 1994) Beije B., Lundberg P., eds., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 263p. 753 ref., ISBN 91-7045-290-3 (In Danish, Norwegian, Swedish)

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The Nordic Expert Group is a standing committee with the task of producing criteria documents on health effects of occupationally used chemicals. The documents are meant to be used by the regulatory authorities in the five Nordic countries as a scientific basis for the setting of national occupational exposure limits. This volume consists of translations into a Scandinavian language (Danish, Norwegian or Swedish) of the criteria documents which were published in English during 1994. The documents concern: 1,3-butadiene (CIS 97-954), cobalt and cobalt compounds (CIS 97-955), diethylamine, diethylenetriamine, dimethylamine, ethylenediamine, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, industrial enzymes (CIS 97-953), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)(CIS 97-956). (69239)

CIS 97-960 Occupational exposure limits 1997. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. v, 92p. 41 ref. Price: GBP 6.95., ISBN 0-7176-1315-1 (In English)

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This annual guidance note replaces EH 40/96 (CIS 96-306). It lists maximum exposure limits, occupational exposure standards, and biological monitoring guidance values for use with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (CIS 95-19). Substances currently under review are also listed. Additional sections cover the legal background, setting and application of exposure limits, monitoring exposure and mixed exposures. A technical supplement describes changes to the previous edition and provides examples of exposure calculations. Appendices provide further information on asphyxiants, lead, asbestos, and carcinogens. (69250)

CIS 97-961 Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. 109. Diesel exhaust. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 109. Dieselavgaser) Beije B., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 65p. 254 ref., ISBN 91-7045-239-3 (In Swedish)

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A literature survey of the toxic effects of diesel exhaust and an assessment of these effects are used as a basis for establishing occupational exposure limits for diesel exhaust. Studies published between 1988 and 1993 are described in detail, whereas earlier studies are summarized in tables. The emphasis is put on epidemiological studies when they are available, but long-term animal studies and short-term tests are also presented. The epidemiological studies show a weak increase in both lung and bladder cancer risk. Some studies indicate obstructive lung disease, but more studies are needed to conclude whether the effects are significant and irreversible. The critical effect for diesel exhaust is cancer. Further research needs are indicated. (69263)

CIS 97-962 Criteria Documents from the Nordic Expert Group, 1993. Beije B, Lundberg P., eds., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 249p. 1016 ref., ISBN 91-7045-240-7 (In English)

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This volume consists of English translations of the criteria documents which were published in a Scandinavian language during 1993. The documents concern: crystalline silica, diesel exhaust (see CIS 97-961), ethylenebisdithiocarbamates and ethylenethiourea (see CIS 97-963) and limonene. (69264)

CIS 97-963 Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. 108. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates and ethylenethiourea. (Swedish: Nordiska Expertgruppen för Gränsvärdesdokumentation. 108. Etylenbisditiokarbamater och etylentiourinämne) Savolainen K., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 44p. 165 ref., ISBN 91-7045-229-6 (In Swedish)

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A critical survey of the literature relevant to the discussion of an occupational exposure limit for ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides (maneb, mancozeb and zineb) and ethylenethiourea (ETU) is given. The critical effects of exposure to EBDCs are toxic effects on the thyroid gland, and their sensitizing, cross sensitizing and cross-reactivity properties. Mancozeb is also a possible carcinogen. The critical effects of ETU are directed towards the thyroid gland, where ETU induces thyroid hyperplasia and follicular carcinomas at low doses. The occupational exposure limits for EBDCs are based on their sensitizing properties, on their effects on the thyroid gland and their possible carcinogenic effects in rodents. The main emphasis in the occupational exposure limit for ETU is on its goitrogenic and thyroid carcinogenic properties. There is a need to emphasize the significance of biological monitoring, and to reduce exposure to EBDCs and ETU rather than develop more detailed occupational exposure limits. It is important, therefore, to delineate dermal absorption, and the metabolic pathways of EBDC fungicides and ETU for the development of biological monitoring methods. Moreover, an understanding of the effects of these fungicides on the thyroid is crucial for adequate risk assessment. (69265)

CIS 97-964 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 112. 2-Ethylhexanoic acid. Riihimäki V., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 34p. 69 ref., ISBN 91-7045-279-2 (In English)

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There are few data concerning the toxicity of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) in humans. Animal studies demonstrate that the main target organs of 2-EHA toxicity are the liver and the reproductive system. Dose-dependent liver effects ranging from metabolic disturbances to cytotoxicity have been observed in repeated dosing studies with rats and mice. Less than 10mg/kg/day was associated with cellular enzymatic changes heralding peroxisome proliferation and disturbance of ammonia metabolism in rats. Developmental toxicity of 2-EHA was found in the most sensitive species/strain at 100mg/kg/day, and there was some indication of a reproductive disturbance at the same dose level. The no observed effect level (NOEL) is not known. The critical effect of 2-EHA for female workers is developmental toxicity. For male workers, the critical effects are probably alterations in lipid and ammonia metabolism in the liver. (69270)

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CIS 97-965 Gas explosion handbook. Bjerketvedt D., Bakke J.R., van Wingerden K., Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jan. 1997, Vol.52, No.1, p.1-150 (Special Issue). Illus. 135 ref. (In English)

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This handbook provides a brief guide to gas explosion safety and is intended for process, design or structural engineers, and safety engineers. Contents: introduction to gas explosions and examples of total loss incidents; definitions; formation of explosive gas clouds; combustion properties of fuel-air mixtures; deflagrations; detonations; blast waves; response of structures; gas explosions in vessels, pipes, channels and tunnels, in compartments, buildings and offshore modules, and in process areas and unconfined areas; explosion simulations using FLACS (Flame Acceleration Simulator); accident investigation. (69244)

CIS 97-966 Industrial fire hazards handbook. Cote A.E., ed., National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA, 3rd ed., 1990. 1304p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-87765-368-0 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: industrial fire risk management; hazard analysis and risk assessment; life safety in industrial occupancies; plant emergency organization and training; pre-planning for industrial emergencies; fire hazards in 22 major industries and in 14 processes; general occupancy fire hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids, industrial gases, liquefied petroleum gases, computer centres, clean rooms, laboratories, boiler-furnaces, fluid power systems, refrigeration systems, air moving equipment, materials handling systems, electrical installations, and industrial storage; warehouse pre-fire planning and fire fighting operations; industrial waste control; record storage; industrial housekeeping. (69122)

CIS 97-967 The safe use of CO₂ and CO₂/N₂ cylinders in the beverage dispense industry. British Compressed Gases Association, 14 Tollgate, Eastleigh, Hampshire, SO53 3TG, United Kingdom, 1997. 8p. Illus. Price: GBP 20.00. (In English)

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Contents of this guidance note: colour coding of cylinders containing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen (N₂) mixtures for the beer dispense trade; colour coding and labelling of cylinders according to the percentage of CO₂ and N₂; procedures for converting CO₂ cylinders to CO₂/N₂ service; incorrect use of cylinders; prevention of internal corrosion; maximum developed pressure inside a cylinder for different gas mixtures. (69259)

CIS 97-968 Dispersion near buildings - Application of simple modelling. Lines I.G., Deaves D.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. 31p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1320-8 (In English)

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This report summarizes simple models currently used to describe building wake effects in the assessment of the dispersion of hazardous releases near buildings. The work follows an earlier study of the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to dispersion around buildings. The report focuses on the effects of wind angle on wake dispersion and dense gas releases in building wakes. Potential applications of simple modelling techniques are discussed. (69137)

CIS 97-969 Dispersion of releases of hazardous materials in the vicinity of buildings. Phase II - CFD modelling. Hall R.C., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. viii, 116p. Illus. 35 ref. Price: GBP 32.50., ISBN 0-7176-1321-6 (In English)

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This report describes the application of a commercially-available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code (STAR-CD) to the assessment of building effects in the dispersion of hazardous releases. For the three test cases studied, good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement was achieved, except where atmospheric turbulence was the dominant mixing mechanism. While it is not yet appropriate to include CFD routinely in safety cases, the technique can be used to provide an insight into the detailed effects of buildings, release conditions and atmospheric conditions on gas dispersion. (69138)

CIS 97-970 Foam protection systems. Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd., Warden House, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay 400 001, India, 1988. 6p. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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This fire safety data sheet on foam protection systems covers: uses and applications; classification; foam generating systems (fixed, semi-fixed and portable systems); foam application rate; foam quality selection; special applications. It is usable for training. (69046)

CIS 97-971 Carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 4: Guidance for operators, drivers and others involved in the carriage of explosives by road. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 59p. Price: GBP 10.95., ISBN 0-7176-1251-1 (In English)

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This document provides guidance on compliance with the Carriage of Explosives by Road Regulations 1996. Contents: application of the Regulations; explosives which can and cannot be carried; limits on quantities and types of load; construction of vehicles and containers; requirements for the training of drivers and attendants; loading and unloading of vehicles and containers; planning journeys; provision of information, vehicle marking and documentation; responsibilities of operators, drivers and attendants during transport; ensuring safe and secure carriage; emergency organization. Requirements for the packaging and labelling of explosives are briefly outlined. (69106)

CIS 97-972 Guide to fire safety signs. Jerome I., Loss Prevention Council, Fire Protection Association, Melrose Avenue, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 2BJ, United Kingdom, 1996. 41p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-902167-87-1 (In English)

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Contents of this guide: legal requirements for fire safety signs; types of signs (prohibitory, warning, mandatory, safe condition, firefighting, supplementary information, photoluminescent signs); use of directional arrows; examples of each type of sign; signs for the use, storage and transport of dangerous substances (labelling of containers, pipelines, compressed gases in cylinders, hazard warning panels, emergency action codes, labelling of packages for conveyance and supply); explosives; fire extinguisher colours; fire hydrant signs; durability, maintenance and visibility of signs. (69121)

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CIS 97-973 The selection and operation of uninterruptible power supplies. Done D., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 55p. 13 ref. Illus. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-1187-6 (In English)

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This report is aimed at purchasers and operators of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) devices. Information is provided on a range of UPS types and sizes, from small UPS units suitable for an office, to large industrial units. The main types of UPS and their applications are described and guidance is given on specification of user requirements, selection, acquisition, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance. (69125)

CIS 97-974 National electrical code 1996. National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA, 1995. 1069p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-87765-402-6 (In English)

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This edition of the code was adopted by the National Fire Protection Association in May 1995. Contents: general definitions and requirements for electrical installations; wiring and protection; wiring methods and materials; equipment for general use; special locations (hazardous locations, commercial garages and service stations, bulk storage plants, health care facilities, places of assembly and entertainment, agricultural buildings); special equipment; special conditions; communication systems; tables and examples. (69091)

CIS 97-975 Maintaining portable electrical equipment in hotels and tourist accommodation. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 9p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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This booklet describes basic precautions for ensuring the safety of portable electrical equipment in hotels and tourist accommodation. Contents: types of portable electrical equipment; potential hazards; visual inspection of damage; electrical knowledge; equipment inspection and testing; testing intervals; record keeping. (69102)

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CIS 97-976 Assessment and prevention of whole-body and upper-extremity mechanical vibration. (French: Evaluation et prévention des vibrations mécaniques transmises à l'ensemble du corps ou aux membres supérieurs) Donati P., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1996, No.112, 4p. Illus. 19 ref. (In French)

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In France, an estimated one and a half million workers are exposed to mechanical vibration. Machines transmit to the operator shocks which can produce disorders of the spine or of the upper limbs (see also AFNOR standard NF E 90-400). This data sheet provides information on technical and organizational preventive measures which 1) reduce vibration doses; 2) improve the posture of operators of mobile machines and vehicles, and optimize efforts exerted by operators, when using portable machines; 3) prevent cold exposure of hands and body in operators of hand-held machines, cold being a triggering factor of Raynaud's phenomenon. Beyond these measures, operators ought to be made aware of the health risks of vibration and of the importance of prevention. (69038)

CIS 97-977 A lightweight ambient air-cooling unit for use in hazardous environments. Chen Y.T., Constable S.H., Bomalaski S.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.10-14. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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A compact battery-powered beltpack cooling unit was developed to deliver filtered ambient air to the face and body. The device was tested on seven subjects wearing chemical protective clothing who performed exercises in a thermally controlled chamber under different experimental conditions. Intermittent cooling (air conditioned cooling during rest periods but no personal cooling during work cycles) and continuous air cooling (personal cooling during work cycles and conditioned air cooling during rest periods) resulted in significant reductions in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, and heart rate compared with the no-cooling conditions. The continuous air-cooling trial significantly improved thermal comfort and sweat evaporation. (68942)

CIS 97-978 Angles of entry of ultraviolet radiation into welding helmets. Tenkate T.S.D., Collins M.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.54-56. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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An ultraviolet (UV) radiation detector was placed in the eye socket of a head form that was then fitted with a range of welding helmets. The head form was exposed to a beam of UV radiation from various orientations, and the amount of infiltration was measured. Radiation was reflected from the filter plate and into the detector (eye) after entering either through an opening between the edge of the shield and the side of the face, or through an opening between the top edge of the shield and the top of the head. Results highlight the potential for ocular UV exposure of welders from infiltrating UV radiation. (68950)

CIS 97-979 Personal ultraviolet radiation exposure of workers in a welding environment. Tenkate T.D., Collins M.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.33-38. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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The personal ultraviolet exposure levels of a group of welders and nearby workers at a metal fabrication workshop were estimated using photosensitive polymer film badges. The badges were attached to the workers' eye protection and clothing, and also placed throughout the work area. The estimated ocular and body exposures for both welders and nonwelders were considerably higher than the maximum possible exposure (MPE) limit. The ambient ultraviolet radiation levels in the factory exceeded the MPE by an average of 5.5 times, even in nonwelding areas. Welders require additional ocular protection to supplement conventional welding helmets, and exposed areas of skin of workers in this environment should also be protected. (68946)

CIS 97-980 The costs and benefits of the Noise at Work Regulations 1989. Honey S., Hillage J., Jagger N., Morris S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 164p. 60 ref. Price: GBP 50.00., ISBN 0-7176-1266-X (In English)

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Report of a study carried out in 1994/95 to assess the costs and benefits to employers arising from the Noise at Work Regulations 1989. The study comprised a literature survey, a postal survey of 1,889 employers, and a series of follow-up interviews and case studies. Average costs associated with a number of actions were estimated: a first noise assessment; subsequent noise assessments; preventative action; provision of personal protective equipment; training; and setting up an ear protection zone. Benefits were estimated to be equivalent to around 25% of the costs. Overall, the net annual cost to employers was estimated to be around GBP 27.9 million. (69126)

CIS 97-981 Injuries and other adverse effects of occupational exposure to whole-body vibration. A review for criteria documentation. Kjellberg A., Wikström B.O., Landström U., Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 80p. Illus. 201 ref., ISBN 91-7045-289-X (In English)

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A review of research on the influence of whole-body vibration, to provide a basis for rules and guidelines on exposure to whole-body vibration, particularly for professional drivers. The review contains sections on the health effects of whole-body vibration, but also treats subjective reactions, performance effects and motion sickness. Standardization, vibration control and fundamental physical principles are also included. Whole-body vibration may contribute to injuries and other problems of the lower back. The exposure-response relationship, however, has not been clarified. (69266)

CIS 97-982 Environmental dose reconstruction and risk implications. Till J.E., ed., National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA, Oct. 1996. ii, 373p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-929600-53-3 (In English)

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Dose reconstruction (DR), i.e. the retrospective process of estimating doses to the public from historic releases of radionuclides or chemicals to the environment was the topic of the 31st Annual Meeting of the US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), held on 12-13 Apr. 1995 in Arlington (VA). Engineering, statistics, biology, environmental transport of contaminants, uncertainty analysis, epidemiology and public interest are the main aspects discussed in relation to DR and its health implications (principally, radiation-induced cancers). Case studies for atmospheric weapons tests, nuclear weapons complex facilities and the Chernobyl accident are included to illustrate the strength and weakness of projects on DR in the general population as well as in plant facilities workers. The proceeding also includes a lecture in honour of S. Taylor, first NCRP President, covering radiation protection and measurements. (69023)

CIS 97-983 Nuclear medicine: Science and safety. Perkins A.C., John Libbey and Company Ltd, 13 Smiths Yard, Summerley Street, London SW18 4HR, United Kingdom, 1995. x, 182p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 24.00, USD 44.00., ISBN 0-86196-470-5 (In English)

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Manual on the nature and safety of nuclear medicine procedures, intended for medical, paramedical nursing and technical staff in nuclear medicine departments. Contents: introduction to the nature and origin of radiation and its biological effects; procedures in nuclear medicine; clinical nuclear medicine; radiation dosimetry and keeping doses to a minimum; radiation safety information for staff and patients; radiation management (laboratory practice and personal monitoring, hazard assessment, personal decontamination, radionuclide therapy rooms and procedures, transport of radioactive materials, waste disposal). (69120)

CIS 97-984 Non-ionizing radiation. Matthes R., ed., International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, c/o Dipl.-Ing. R. Matthes, Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Germany, 1996. xvi, 388p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: USD 60.00., ISBN 3-9804789-1-2 (In English)

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Proceedings of the Third International Non-Ionizing Radiation Workshop held in Baden, Austria, 22-26 April 1996. Papers include: introduction to non-ionizing radiations; fundamentals of laboratory experimentation; research on magnetic fields and cancer; sources, characteristics, measurement, biological effects and protective measures relating to ultraviolet radiation, laser radiation, visible and infrared radiation, radiofrequency fields, statics and extremely low frequency (ELF) fields, and ultrasound; general principles of protection, and development of guidelines and standards. (69144)

CIS 97-985 Are magnetic fields dangerous? A review of electromagnetic fields. (Swedish: Är magnetfält farliga? Kalla fakta. En kunskapsöversikt över elektromagnetiska fält) Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, 17184 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 46p., ISBN 91-7045-070-6 (In Swedish)

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This is a review of scientific knowledge on the possible hazards of magnetic fields. It covers short facts about fields and radiation and presents interviews with six experts. Both technical and ethical aspects of the debate on the effects of electromagnetic radiation are discusses. The significant studies are named and summarized. (69163)

CIS 97-986 Electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer: Report of an Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation. National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 138p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-85951-346-7 (In English)

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This report reviews epidemiologic and laboratory studies relevant to the possible carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic fields. Topics covered include residential and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields, biological effects of exposure, paternal exposure and childhood cancer, and exposure from electrical appliances. The report concludes that there is no firm evidence for the existence of a carcinogenic hazard from exposure to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields that might be associated with residence near major sources of electricity supply, use of electrical appliances, or work in the electrical, electronic and telecommunications industries. (69282)

CIS 97-987 Radon in the working environment: Position report. (Swedish: Radon i arbetsmiljön: Lägesrapport) Kriteriegruppen för fysikaliska riskfaktorer, Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 28p. 10 ref., ISBN 91-7045-264-4 (In Swedish)

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Attention has been devoted for several decades to health risks associated with exposure to radon in various environments. Further indications of such risks have recently appeared for the rather modest exposure in dwellings. These data, together with the development of international recommendations and a new Swedish action programme, prompted the Criteria Group for Physical Risk Factors at the National Institute of Occupational Health to issue this position report. The Criteria Group came to the following conclusions: actions taken to reduce the radon level in work environments should be given a high priority; the action programme of the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute (SSI) for dwellings and certain work premises provides a basis for this work; an effective programme includes a thorough survey of different workplaces, especially within areas at risk for geological reasons, and specific proposals for remedial measures; education and information are also important parts of such a programme; a reevaluation of exposure limits for mines should be undertaken, on the basis of the recommendations issued by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and forthcoming directives from the European Union (EU). In an annex: ICRP recommendations in English (69268)

CIS 97-988 Mechanical vibration and shock - Hand-arm vibration - Method for the measurement and evaluation of the vibration transmissibility of gloves at the palm of the hand. (French: Vibrations et chocs mécaniques - Vibrations main-bras - Méthode pour mesurer et évaluer le facteur de transmission des vibrations par les gants à la paume de la main) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. iii, 17p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English, French)

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This standard describes a method of measuring the vibration transmissibility of gloves worn by a test subject. Main contents: scope; normative references; definitions; symbols and abbreviations; measuring principle and equipment; measurement conditions and procedure; evaluation of results; test report. Annexes: mathematical definition of vibration test signals; illustration of handle for measuring gripping force; spectra of test signals; reference to Standard EN 388 (Protective gloves against mechanical risks) and EN ISO 13753 (Method for the measurement of the vibration transmissibility of resilient materials when loaded by the hand-arm system). (69031)

CIS 97-989 Acoustics - Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Measurement of noise at the operator's position - Survey method. (French: Acoustique - Tracteurs et matériels agricoles et forestiers - Mesurage du bruit au poste de l'opérateur - Méthode de contrôle) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. iv, 11p. (In English, French)

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This international standard specifies a method for the measurement of the noise at the position of the operator(s) of a tractor or machine used in agriculture and forestry. Contents: scope; normative references; measurements requirements; measurement equipment; acoustical environment; weather conditions and background noise; condition of tractor or machine; operators; microphone location; noise measurement procedure; test report. Annexes: agricultural and forestry tractors; self-propelled agricultural machines; pedestrian-controlled agricultural machines; forestry forwarders and skidders; specimen report form. (69172)

CIS 97-990 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity - Part 2: Measurement by scanning. (French: Acoustique - Détermination par intensimétrie des niveaux de puissance acoustique émis par les sources de bruit - Partie 2: Mesurage par balayage) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. iv, 19p. Illus. 14 ref. (In English, French)

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Part 2 of this international standard specifies a method for measuring the component of sound intensity normal to a measurement surface which is chosen so as to enclose the noise source(s) of which the sound power level is to be determined. Contents: scope; normative references; definitions; general requirements; acoustic environment; instrumentation; installation and operation of the source; measurement of normal sound intensity component levels; calculation of sound power level; information to be reported. Annexes: calculation of field indicators; procedure for achieving a desired grade of accuracy; effects of airflow on measurement of sound intensity; effects of sound absorption within the measurement surface; measurement surface and scanning procedure; bibliography. (69173)

CIS 97-991 Carriage of dangerous goods explained - Part 5: Guidance for consignors, rail operators and others involved in the carriage of radioactive material by rail. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 33p. 20 ref. Price: GBP 8.95., ISBN 0-7176-1257-0 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the Packaging, Labelling and Carriage of Radioactive Material by Rail Regulations 1996. Contents: application of the Regulations; approval of package designs; quality assurance programmes; test procedures for radioactive material packages; approval prior to shipment; notification of consignment and package inspection; prohibitions on the carriage of radioactive material by rail; suitability of containers and wagons; limits on activity, radiation and contamination levels; mixed loads; loading and unloading; formation of trains; emergency systems; prevention of fire, explosion and leakage; supply and display of information; information of personnel. (69107)

CIS 97-992 Criteria document for occupational health limits. Ultraviolet radiation. (Swedish: Kriteriedokument för gränsvärden. Ultraviolett strålning) Kriteriegruppen för fysikaliska riskfaktorer, Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 42p. Illus. 66 ref., ISBN 91-7045-235-0 (In Swedish)

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Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have adverse effects on both unprotected skin and eyes. Some effects are acute, such as erythema, increased pigmentation, photokeratitis and photoconjunctivitis. Other effects, such as elastosis and certain forms of skin cancer are regarded as irreversible. Several of these effects are common, while the more serious forms of cancer are less so, though their incidence has increased in recent years. This is probably due in part to increased exposure to UV radiation. Consequently, the International Radiation Protection Association/International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (IRPA/INIRC) has developed guidelines for the limitation of exposure to UV radiation. These limitations protect normally sensitive individuals against acute effects, and are also thought to protect against some long-term effects (e.g. certain cancers). However, several forms of malignant melanoma are thought to be a result of single episodes of heavy exposures. The Criteria Group suggests that occupational exposure limits be formulated for indoors UV radiation. The guidelines developed by the IRPA/INIRC can serve as a basis for the development of such exposure limits. Certain individuals in special risk groups should be given special advice and guidelines. For outdoor work, general recommendations should be formulated for the limitation of exposure to sunlight. (69261)

CIS 97-993 Health hazards from whole-body vibration caused by mobile agricultural machinery. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 2p. 7 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet outlines precautions for reducing the risk of injury from whole-body vibration among operators of self-propelled agricultural machinery: deciding who is at risk; correct use of seat position and suspension arrangements; choice of appropriate speed and route; maintenance of suspension systems, seats and tracks; selection of machinery with low vibration emission levels; job rotation; reporting of symptoms. (69063)

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CIS 97-994 Buildings and safety: Evaluating the risks. Cox S., Cheyne A., Raw G., Safety and Health Practitioner, Feb. 1997, Vol.15, No.2, p.31-34. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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The development of a procedure for evaluating the safety risks associated with various aspects of buildings and building use is described. The study involved: development of a scale for measuring the severity of a range of possible harms; estimation of the seriousness and frequency of harms to individuals; and development of a procedure for converting the severity and frequency data into a risk index. Use of the procedure is illustrated by tabulating risk indices for safety hazards in domestic and non-domestic buildings, with hazards grouped into four levels of risk. The procedure may be used to identify priorities for risk control. (69149)

CIS 97-995 Fall arrest systems - The principles and the practice. Workman T., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1996, Vol.14, No.12, p.49-51. Illus. (In English)

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The principles behind the installation of cable-based fall arrest systems are explained and some problems are highlighted. Factors considered include defining the requirements of individual sites, load control, positioning of supports, choice of cable, and computer calculation for load control. Three examples of fall-arrest system design are included. (69154)

CIS 97-996 The reduction of slip and fall injuries. Leamon T., Safety and Health Practitioner, Dec. 1996, Vol.14, No.12, p.52-54. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Causes of falls on the level are outlined and contributing factors are identified: friction between the shoe material and the walking surface, load carrying, and surface recognition. Suggested measures for reducing slip and fall accidents include accident reporting, walk-through housekeeping audits, monitoring of cleaning and polishing practices, task analysis to identify excessive frictional requirements, analysis of the visual environment, and correct specification of the floor surface material. (69155)

CIS 97-997 Sight safe. Gates E., Health and Safety at Work, Dec. 1996, Vol.18, No.12, p.19-20. Illus. (In English)

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Reports of occupational eye injuries in the United Kingdom are briefly reviewed and legal requirements for the provision and use of adequate eye protection are outlined. British and European performance standards for eye protection products are examined, and the responsibility of employers to enforce the use of eye protection is discussed. The role of insurance companies in terms of education and ensuring that employers comply with regulations is also highlighted. (68990)

CIS 97-998 Fall-related occupational injuries on farms. Nordstrom D.L., et al., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1996, Vol.29, No.5, p.509-515. 22 ref. (In English)

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Risk factors for fall-related farm injuries were assessed in a population-based, case-control study carried out in a defined geographical region of Wisconsin, USA. Results are based on 45 interviewed fall-related injuries and 152 matched controls. The annual risk of farm fall injury was 7.5 per 1,000 person-years. Three factors were significantly associated with risk: risk of injury increased 2% per hour worked; residents of farms with some non-resident workers had a fall injury rate 2.5 times greater than residents of other farms; and residents of farms with some registered cows had one-third the risk of residents of other farms. (69289)

CIS 97-999 Nonfatal occupational fall injuries in the West Virginia construction industry. Cattledge G.H., et al., Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, Vol.28, No.5, p.655-663. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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A report of analyses conducted on the 182 nonfatal occupational falls from heights reported for the construction industry during fiscal year 1991 in West Virginia (USA) for which there were complete supplemental injury data. For 60% of the subjects the length of employment with the company at the time of the fall injury was two years or less. 63% had received some type of fall protection training, but protection devices were not commonly used. 59% of the falls occurred from relatively low (below 10ft, i.e. 3m) elevated work surfaces. (69024)

CIS 97-1000 Fatal occupational falls in the U.S. construction industry, 1980-1989. Cattledge G.H., Hendricks S., Stanevich R., Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, Vol.28, No.5, p.647-654. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Statistical analyses were conducted on all fatal occupational falls occurring between 1980 and 1989 in the US construction industry. In that period there were 2798 deaths, representing 49.6% of all fatal occupational falls across all industries. The highest fatality rates were observed within the subregions of the Southern USA. 66% of the victims died on the day of the injury. Research is needed to explain why there are geographic differences in occupational falls, to find out what occupations are at highest risk and to establish which prevention strategies are the best for the reduction of injuries and fatalities. (69025)

CIS 97-1001 Tool-related injuries among amateur and professional woodworkers. Becker T.M., Trinkaus K.M., Buckley D.I., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1032-1035. 4 ref. (In English)

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In a questionnaire survey of 283 amateur and professional woodworkers in New Mexico, injuries associated with woodshop tool use were reported by 64% of respondents. Hammers, chisels/gouges and table saws were most frequently reported in association with injuries; the highest tool-specific injury rates were associated with the use of jointer-planers, chisels/gouges, and drill presses. One third of respondents reported tool-related injuries that were severe enough to require professional medical attention; 5% suffered partial amputations. Courses in the safe use of shop tools may help to reduce rates of injuries among woodworkers. (68977)

CIS 97-1002 Chain mail and other cut resistant gloves as protection against powered blades in clothing factories. Smith D.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 26p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1274-0 (In English)

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A powered circular blade cut test was developed to simulate the effects of a severe accident with a typical cloth cutting device. The test was used to compare the cut resistance of a range of protective gloves. Chain mail gloves provided a significantly higher level of protection against mechanically driven blades than the other products investigated. Knitted aramid, steel reinforced knitted aramid, leather and aramid reinforced leather, and rubber coated knitted cotton gloves all provided negligible protection. The test apparatus and procedure are described and standard cut resistance tests are reviewed. (69128)

CIS 97-1003 A fibre optic sensor for flexible pipeline and riser integrity monitoring. Begg D.W., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 135p. Illus. 91 ref. Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 0-7176-1304-6 (In English)

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This report describes a study to investigate the feasibility of developing a fibre-optic integrity monitoring system for flexible pipelines and risers. Data on the design, construction, installation and testing of these flexibles are presented along with an introduction to fibre optics and their use as sensors, a laboratory investigation of the application of a fibre-optic sensor to a sample of flexible pipe, and a discussion of the benefits of full-scale implementation of a distributed monitoring system. (69139)

CIS 97-1004 Preventing access to effluent storage and similar areas on farms. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1996. 2p. (In English)

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This revised data sheet provides advice on acceptable standards of fencing to deter access by unauthorized persons into areas used for storing slurry, other effluent or water on farms, and on how to prevent vehicles entering slurry storage areas at scraping points. Guidance is given on the construction and maintenance of fences, gates, covers for underground stores, and scraping ramps. Replaces CIS 94-1753. (68983)

CIS 97-1005 Safe use of rotary flail hedge cutters. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 3p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet outlines the main dangers of tractor-mounted rotary flail hedge cutters and lists precautions for their safe operation. These include: operator training; correct fitting of rear and side guards; checking condition of machine fittings and couplings; use of warning signs; noise protection; use of safe work practices. Additional precautions during work on roadside hedges are also outlined. (69064)

CIS 97-1006 Machinery for forestry - Portable chain-saws - Safety requirements and testing - Part 1: Chain-saws for normal forest work. (French: Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Exigences de sécurité et essais - Partie 1: Scies à chaîne pour travaux forestiers normaux) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. v, 13p. Illus. (In English, French)

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Part 1 of this international standard specifies the safety requirements of portable combustion-engined, hand-held chain-saws designed for use by one operator and intended for normal forest work. Contents: scope; normative references; definitions; safety requirements; verification of safety requirements; information for use. Annex: list of hazards. (69171)

CIS 97-1007 Guidance on the use of cablebolts to support roadways in coal mines. Health and Safety Commission, Deep Mined Coal Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iii, 15p. Illus. 4 ref. Price: GBP 9.75., ISBN 0-7176-1149-3 (In English)

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This guidance applies to the use of situations where cablebolts (fully grouted long tendon anchors constructed from steel rope strands) are installed as additional support when excessive strata movement is experienced or expected in places principally supported by rockbolts. Contents: site investigation; cablebolt system design and specification; routine monitoring; suitability of consumable items. In appendix: sampling of grout mixed underground; cablebolt dual height tell-tale; training requirements for managers, bolting co-ordinators, officials and operators. (69068)

CIS 97-1008 Railway safety principles and guidance: Part 2, section F - Guidance on trains. Health and Safety Executive, HM Railway Inspectorate, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vii, 48p. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-0868-9 (In English)

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This document provides guidance on the safe design and construction of trains. Contents: application of the guidance and effects on existing trains; general design guidance for all trains; fire safety; compatibility with the environment, the infrastructure, signalling equipment and electric traction equipment; structural integrity; interiors (passenger and crew accommodation); access and egress (doors, emergency arrangements); communication systems; powered systems; control systems. (69062)

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CIS 97-1009 The use of ergosterol to measure exposure to fungal propagules in indoor air. Miller J.D., Young J.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.39-43. 33 ref. (In English)

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A method is described for the measurement of ergosterol in indoor air as a determinant of fungal exposure. Air samples were taken in the living room and bedrooms of 400 homes in Ontario, Canada. Ergosterol concentrations in spores of 11 species of common moulds were determined and were found to vary by about 25% for the species tested. The median ergosterol value determined in bedroom air samples corresponded to a total concentration of fungal spores in the order of 10 to 10² per m³. Air sampling for ergosterol is a robust method for assessing fungal biomass in air, but provides no information on the species present. (68947)

CIS 97-1010 Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses. O'Sullivan J.D., et al., Lancet, 11 Jan. 1997, Vol.349, No.9045, p.93-95. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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A case study is presented of a man who developed aseptic meningitic illness shortly after caring for two horses that died from equine morbillivirus (EMV) infection. He also assisted at their necropsies without using a protective mask or gloves. 13 months later, he suffered severe encephalitis, characterized by uncontrolled focal and generalized epileptic activity. He died 14 days after hospitalization. The results of serology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry suggest that EMV was the cause of the encephalitis. (69147)

CIS 97-1011 Occupational respiratory diseases in laboratory animal workers: Initial results. Krakowiak A., Szulc B., Górski P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.31-36. 21 ref. (In English)

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Sixty workers occupationally exposed to laboratory animals underwent respiratory function and skin tests. For the skin tests, both common allergens and hair extracts from animals were used. Of the workers tested, 26 workers were positive in the skin tests, 5 had bronchial asthma and 4 had occupational allergic rhinitis. (68993)

CIS 97-1012 Common zoonoses in agriculture. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1996. 3p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet describes United Kingdom legal requirements to control the risk of zoonoses in humans, and provides guidance on precautions: occupational hygiene practices when working with livestock; use of personal protective equipment; provision of separate washing and eating facilities for farm visitors. Symptoms, treatment and control of some common zoonoses are outlined. (68981)

CIS 97-1013 Cattle associated leptospirosis and human health. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1996. 2p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet outlines the United Kingdom legal requirements for controlling the risk of cattle associated leptospirosis in humans, describes how the disease may be transmitted to humans, and provides guidance on precautions: assessing and controlling the risk; personal protective equipment; personal hygiene; correct design of milking parlours; reporting of incidents. (68982)

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CIS 97-1014 Ergonomics in agriculture: Workplace priority setting in the nursery industry. Meyers J.M., Miles J.A., Faucett J., Janowitz I., Tejeda D.G., Kabashima J.N., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.121-126. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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A workplace screening project was designed to identify ergonomic risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the nursery industry. The project was part of a three year study supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to develop engineering interventions for musculoskeletal disorders in California nurseries. The project involved interviews with nursery managers and supervisors, identification of ergonomic risk factors by the use of a worksite screening checklist, and scrutiny of workers' injury and illness records. Results provided evidence of risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders similar to those reported in other industries, and highlighted priority job tasks for intervention. (68956)

CIS 97-1015 Lumbar pathology as cause of absenteeism in an enterprise of public transport by road. (Spanish: La patología lumbar como causa de absentismo laboral en una empresa de transporte público de viajeros por carretera) Alfonso Martín S.C., Francos Fernández M., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.17-25. Illus. 8 ref. (In Spanish)

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The incidence of low-back pain causing absenteeism during the period 1992-1993 was investigated among workers of a road transport enterprise in Tenerife, Spain. Three categories of workers were examined: drivers, workshop workers and administrative personnel. Low-back pain was discreetly higher for the category of road transport drivers. Tables included. (69221)

CIS 97-1016 Participatory ergonomics in a red meat packing plant. Part I: Evidence of long-term effectiveness. Moore J.S., Garg A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.127-131. 6 ref. (In English)

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The development and evaluation of an ergonomics programme initiated in 1986 at a red meat packing plant is described. Analysis of injury and illness data indicated that crude annual incidence rates and lost-time incidence rates increased during the period 1986-1993. There was no consistent pattern of increase or decrease for severity rates, but a shift from lost time to restricted time was noted. The percentage of recordable disorders that were ergonomics-related stayed constant. A consistent and progressive decrease in workers' compensation costs was also noted. (68957)

CIS 97-1017 Corporate ergonomics program of a large poultry processor. Jones R.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.132-137. 4 ref. (In English)

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A corporate-wide ergonomics programme designed to combat continued increases in musculoskeletal disorders at a large poultry processor is described. The programme involved the establishment of ergonomics committees at each facility, extensive training, worksite analysis and task design, and the implementation of medical management procedures for musculoskeletal disorders. An ergonomics assessment was completed annually at each location to identify weaknesses and to ensure compliance with the goals of the programme. Benefits of the programme included reduced workers' compensation claims and costs, and improved employee morale and productivity. (68958)

CIS 97-1018 Library of Congress workplace ergonomics program. Mansfield J.A., Armstrong T.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.138-144. 5 ref. (In English)

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An ergonomics programme to control the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and to improve worker comfort and efficiency at the Library of Congress is described. The programme involved a commitment by upper management, establishment of a coordinating committee, and development by the committee of a written plan that included health risk factor surveillance, interventions and training. Consultants provided training for committee members and engineering analysis to support job analysis and design. Details of programme activities and costs are provided. An evaluation of the programme one year after implementation highlighted areas for improvement. (68959)

CIS 97-1019 Mood disturbances and musculoskeletal discomfort: Effects of electronic performance monitoring under different levels of VDT data-entry performance. Schleifer L.M., Galinsky T.L., Pan C.S., International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Oct.-Dec. 1996, Vol.8, No.4, p.369-384. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Forty-seven female office workers were assigned at random to electronic performance monitoring (EPM) work management or no EPM work management. Self-ratings of mood disturbance and musculoskeletal discomfort during data-entry tasks were recorded over three workdays. Workers who fell below an EPM-enforced performance standard experienced more mood disturbance and musculoskeletal discomfort than those who exceeded the standard. These stress effects were more evident in workers who were close to the standard than in those who were far below it. Results suggest that EPM work management should be employed with performance standards that balance production requirements against the worker's skills and abilities. (69242)

CIS 97-1020 Cost-benefit analysis of ergonomics programs. Oxenburgh M.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.150-156. 11 ref. (In English)

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A cost-benefit analysis method is described for determining the financial benefits to health, productivity and quality brought about by improved working conditions. The analysis can be used to measure the financial benefits after the completion of improvements, or to show the potential value of proposed expenditures. The method may also be used to detect areas of high labour cost (eg, high injury absences) and/or productivity losses (eg, low quality of service or product), and thus to direct workplace improvements towards these areas, if appropriate. Two case studies illustrate the use of the method in relation to the implementation of ergonomics programmes. (68941)

CIS 97-1021 Ergonomics program development: Prevention in the workplace. Cohen R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.145-149. 6 ref. (In English)

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The development of an ergonomics programme to prevent work-related repetitive strain injuries in an electronics manufacturing company is described. Hazard assessment consisted of a review of injury/illness records by department and location, work site surveys, and a survey of workers for evidence of risk-related tasks. Tasks were prioritized according to degree of hazard, and alternative interventions were developed for each task. Intervention activities included evaluation by an ergonomics corrective action team and an ergonomics specialist team, training, exercises, and changes to equipment and processes. The programme resulted in a significant reduction in repetitive strain injury severity. (68960)

CIS 97-1022 The effect of typing frequency and speed on the incidence of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder. Schreuer N., Lifshitz Y., Weiss P.L., Work, 1996, Vol.6, p.87-95. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Results of a questionnaire survey of 100 female typists in Israel show that it is preferable that not more than 5 days per week and not more than 8h per day be spent typing. (68996)

CIS 97-1023 Anterior chest support, muscular activity and subjective rating of exertion during microtome sectioning. Schüldt K., Lagrelius M., Work, 1996, Vol.6, p.77-85. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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A study on six female laboratory assistants whose work involved microtome sectioning in a sitting posture. Ergonomic aids (an anterior chest support and an arm suspension device) were used, and electromyography of different muscular layers of the neck and of the thorax was performed. The chest support appeared to reduce activity of the lumbar back, while at the same time increasing shoulder muscle activity. It does not solve the problem of neck and shoulder pain elicited while preparing laboratory sections. (69030)

CIS 97-1024 Nocturnal eating and serum cholesterol of three-shift workers. Lennernäs M., Åkerstedt T., Hambræus L., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.401-406. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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Dietary data were collected from 22 male industrial workers in rotating three-shift work. The intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated and blood glucose, serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels were measured. The dietary intakes of energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, total carbohydrates, sucrose and dietary fibre did not differ between 24h periods but did differ between work shifts and were lowest during the night. Those who redistributed their eating to the night had higher cholesterol levels, suggesting an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. (69275)

CIS 97-1025 Evolution of osteoarticular disorders as a function of past heavy physical work factors: Longitudinal analysis of 627 retired subjects living in the Paris area. Derriennic F., et al., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1993, Vol.50, No.9, p.851-860. 25 ref. (In English)

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The relation between osteoarticular disorders and occupational exposure to heavy physical work factors were studied in a random sample of retired subjects living in the Paris area. 627 subjects were originally seen in 1982-83 and 464 of them were seen again five years later. For those who were seen twice, the frequency of osteoarticular pain increased during the five years between the two interviews, from 52% to 65% in the men and 72% to 82% in the women. Among both sexes, these frequencies were significantly higher in those who stated that in the past they had to carry heavy weights and work in tiring positions. The survey suggests that working conditions are an important cause of osteoarticular disorders that last well beyond the end of working life. (68970)

CIS 97-1026 Effect of overtime work on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Hayashi T., Kobayashi K., Yamaoka K., Yano E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1007-1011. 14 ref. (In English)

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Blood pressure measurements over a 24h period were compared among several groups of male white-collar workers: overtime groups (average 60 hours or more overtime per month) and control groups (average 30 hours or less overtime per month). For those with normal blood pressure and those with mild hypertension, the 24h average blood pressure of the overtime groups was higher than that of the control groups. For a group who periodically did overtime work, the 24h average blood pressure and the heart rate during the busy period increased. The burden on the cardiovascular system of white-collar workers increases with overtime work. (68973)

CIS 97-1027 A prospective study for upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders of workers in aircraft manufacturing. Melhorn J.M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1264-1271. 7 ref. (In English)

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To investigate the impact of measures for reducing the risk of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), 212 aircraft workers who used rivet guns were assigned to one of four primary factor groups: ergonomic posture training, exercise training, rivet gun type, or a control group. During the 15 month study, individual risk levels were established by questionnaire, physical measurements, and nerve sensitivity testing. Of the primary factors, only posture training showed a positive risk reduction benefit. However, when associated factors were taken into account, a positive benefit was demonstrated for posture training and exercise training in certain groups. The study helps to identify the possible benefits of worker training for controlling CTDs. (69059)

CIS 97-1028 Change of work practices strengthens people and businesses. (Swedish: Jobb i förändring stärker människor och verksamhet) Lidehäll P., Rehn M., Arbetsmiljöfondens Publikationstjänst c/o Liber Distribution, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 73p. Illus., ISBN 91-88530-18-3 (In Swedish)

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During 1988-1993 the Swedish Work Environment Fund organized projects on measures to prevent strain injuries at about 70 different workplaces in different industrial sectors. The aim of the projects was to prevent strain injuries by the implementation of total solutions including organizational as well as technical and ergonomic measures. The most important factor is to give employees influence on their own work. Monotonous work must be changed. This requires changes of work organization such as delegating responsibilities, development of competence and new salary systems. During the projects, documentation, evaluations and experiences were exchanged via networks. Employers, employees and trade unions cooperated in the projects. The most important message from the projects is: change must involve both people and work in order to fight effectively against strain injuries. (69082)

CIS 97-1029 Cumulative trauma disorders - Prevention, evaluation and treatment. Erdil M., Dickerson O.B., eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Av., New York, NY 10003, USA; International Thomson Publishing Services Ltd., Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, United Kingdom, 1997. xv, 719p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 89.95 (in North America), GBP 67.50 (in Europe)., ISBN 0-442-01074-5 (In English)

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Manual on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). Contents include: introduction to the definition and history of CTDs, disease prevalence and costs, and causation controversies; CTDs of the upper extremities (determining the work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome; management of CTDs with physical therapy; surgical evaluation and treatment of peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes; screening and medical surveillance; whole-body and segmental human vibration; video display workstations; ergonomic analysis and the ergonomic safety programme; disability assessment); low back pain (diagnosis and medical management; ergonomic considerations for manual handling); regulatory issues. (69142)

CIS 97-1030 Work ability index. Tuomi K., et al., Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1994. 24p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: USD 16.00., ISBN 951-802-029-9 (In English)

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This booklet (translated from Finnish) describes the work ability index, a method developed by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for providing an assessment of how well a worker is able to perform his or her work. The index is determined on the basis of answers to a series of questions which take into account the physical and mental demands of the work and the worker's health status and resources. The score calculated from the responses depicts the worker's own concept of his or her work ability. Other topics discussed: example of the determination of the index; reference values; follow-up measures. (69247)

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CIS 97-1031 Back pain in the workplace. Ratti N., Pilling K., British Journal of Rheumatology, Feb. 1997, Vol.36, p.260-264. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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In this survey the epidemiology of back pain in the workplace is examined together with risk factors (either individual or work related). The ergonomic interventions concerning the incidence of back pain in the motor vehicle industry are considered and one enterprise's programme is described. A cost-benefit analysis of the management and physical rehabilitation programmes is also included. (68998)

CIS 97-1032 Sabia virus incident at Yale University. Gandsman E.J., Aaslestad H.G., Ouimet T.C., Rupp W.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1997, Vol.58, No.1, p.51-53. 4 ref. (In English)

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An incident is described in which a research scientist was exposed to a newly isolated arenavirus, Sabia virus, while purifying the virus from a large volume of tissue culture fluid. The researcher was working in a laboratory which met the standard biosafety requirements. The exposure resulted in development of a Sabia virus infection from which the patient recovered. Following a safety review, a number of new practices and procedures were added to the university's biosafety policy. (68949)

CIS 97-1033 Psychosocial factors at work and musculoskeletal disease. Bongers P.M., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1993, Vol.19, No.5, p.297-312. 76 ref. (In English)

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A review of the epidemiologic literature presents evidence of an association between psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal disease. Monotonous work, high perceived work load and time pressure are related to musculoskeletal symptoms. Low control on the job and lack of social support by colleagues are positively associated with musculoskeletal disease. In addition, stress symptoms are often associated with musculoskeletal disease and some studies indicate that stress symptoms contribute to the development of this disease. (68961)

CIS 97-1034 Cognitive performance during long-term respirator wear while at rest. Caretti D.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1997, Vol.58, No.2, p.105-109. 20 ref. (In English)

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Reaction time and decision-making speed were assessed in six male and three female subjects during a 10h measurement period either with or without a respirator. Subject anxiety levels and visual tracking ability were also measured. Reaction time and decision-making speed did not differ significantly between control and respirator conditions at any time during the tests. Subject anxiety increased significantly from initial measurements after 8h of testing for each condition, but no differences were observed between conditions. Visual tracking ability was not affected. Respirator wear over a relatively long period under nonexercise conditions should not significantly inhibit cognitive function. (68953)

CIS 97-1035 Risk indicators of ischemic heart disease among male professional drivers in Sweden. Hedberg G.E., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1993, Vol.19, No.5, p.326-333. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

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Possible risk indicators of ischaemic heart disease relevant to road transport workers were identified in a cohort of 440 male drivers (110 bus drivers and 330 truck drivers) and 1000 referents from Sweden. The subjects were randomly selected. Data on cardiovascular risk indicators were collected from questionnaires, blood pressure measurements, serum lipid levels, height and weight. The results showed that significantly more drivers than referents were overweight, smokers and shift workers, were sedentary in their leisure time and had a work situation characterized by high demands, low decision latitude and low social support. There were no significant differences concerning blood pressure and serum lipid levels. (68964)

CIS 97-1036 Tobacco and alcohol consumption as health risk factors in seafarers. (Spanish: Hábito tabáquico y alcohólico como factores de riesgo del estado de salud de los trabajadores del mar) Morales Suárez-Varela M.M., et al., Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, 1996, Vol.43, No.168, p.27-36. 29 ref. (In Spanish)

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An epidemiologic study based on information obtained from 707 clinical histories of seafarers from Valencia, Spain, was conducted in order to investigate tobacco and alcohol consumption and its relationship to health conditions in this population of workers. It was found that tobacco and alcohol consumption was higher than in the population of both the Community of Valencia and Spain and this habit plays an important role in the development of pathologies. Tables included. (Summary in English). (69222)

CIS 97-1037 Influence of job strain and emotion on blood pressure in female hospital personnel during workhours. Theorell T., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1993, Vol.19, No.5, p.313-318. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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A homogeneous sample of 56 women between the ages of 20 and 59 years and working in acute emergency care, child psychiatric or a paediatric outpatient clinic was studied in order to determine the relationship between job strain and blood pressure. Significant interrelationships occurred among perceived job strain, plasma prolactin and diastolic blood pressure during working hours. Thus job strain of female care-givers was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure during working hours and also with diastolic blood pressure at rest, but not with blood pressure during leisure time. (68962)

CIS 97-1038 Effects of bright artificial light on subjective mood of shift work nurses. Iwata N., Ichii S., Egashira K., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.41-47. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

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The effects of bright artificial light on the subjective mental state of ten female hospital nurses were assessed during two series of five consecutive workshifts: one normal, two night and two evening shifts. The subjects worked under normal lighting conditions (approximately 250 lux) during the first series, and were exposed to artificial light (brighter than 3,000 lux) for a total of 30min during the second series of shifts. Bright light tended to improve eagerness and reduce tension. Several psychological symptoms, such as vigour, eagerness, appetite and impairment, also improved in artificial light during the night shifts, but not during the evening shifts. (69256)

CIS 97-1039 Impact of regular relaxation training on the cardiac autonomic nervous system of hospital cleaners and bank employees. Toivanen H., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1993, Vol.19, No.5, p.319-325. Illus. 31 ref. (In English)

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The work-related strain of 50 female hospital cleaners and 48 female bank employees was recorded during a period of rationalization in the workplace and the effect of daily relaxation to help the workers cope was tested. The intervention period lasted six months. The relaxation method was brief and easily introduced as an alternative break in the workplace. Cardiac reflexes indicated that occupational stress (especially of a mental nature) caused the functioning of the autonomic nervous system to deteriorate. Regular deep relaxation normalized the function and improved the ability to cope. (68963)

CIS 97-1040 Health and economic implications of a work-site smoking-cessation program: A simulation analysis. Warner K.E., Smith R.J., Smith D.G., Fries B.E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.981-992. 29 ref. (In English)

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A simulation model for evaluating the health and economic effects of a work-site smoking-cessation programme is presented. A simulation was carried out on a hypothetical manufacturing workforce of 10,000 employees. Cost-effectiveness and net cost savings were calculated in relation to intervention costs, and behavioural (smoking cessation), health and financial benefits. As a result of employee turnover, approximately half of the programme-generated profits were realized by the community outside the firm. However, smoking cessation was a sound economic investment for the firm, particularly when long-term benefits were included. (68971)

CIS 97-1041 Workplace violence: Preventive and interventive strategies. Warshaw L.J., Messite J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.993-1006. 53 ref. (In English)

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The prevalence of different types of violent or aggressive behaviour in the workplace was examined and contributing factors were identified. Workers most at risk include health care and social services personnel, people working alone, and government workers and those dealing with the public. Preventive measures include risk assessment, controlling alcohol and substance abuse, workplace modifications to reduce crime, security systems, staff training and employee assistance programmes. Interventive measures immediately after an incident should include care of the victim, staff counselling, reporting and investigation of the incident, assistance with victim compensation claims, and victim support. (68972)

CIS 97-1042 Employee attitudes toward work-site alcohol testing. Howland J., Mangione T.W., Lee M., Bell N., Levine S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1041-1046. 9 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 6370 employees at 16 corporate work sites examined their support for work-site alcohol testing under three conditions: 65% supported pre-employment testing, 81% supported testing after an accident, and 49% supported random testing. Support was relatively consistent across the hierarchy (managers, supervisors and workers) but varied according to age, education, occupation, type of workforce, and perceived exposure to occupational hazards. Support for testing was highest among blue-collar workers whose jobs involved manufacturing or exposure to work-site hazards. (68979)

CIS 97-1043 Employment, job strain, and preterm delivery among women in North Carolina. Brett K.M., Strogatz D.S., Savitz D.A., American Journal of Public Health, Feb. 1997, Vol.87, No.2, p.199-204. 33 ref. (In English)

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Case-control study to assess by means of a questionnaire survey the relationship between occupational stress and preterm delivery in American women (421 women delivering infants before 37 weeks gestation and 612 women delivering infants at term). High demand and low control job were not associated with increased risk of preterm delivery compared with work in all other combinations of job demand and control. Only women who worked at a high-strain job full-time or for 30 or more weeks had a modestly increased risk. Black women were at greater risk from job strain than white women. (69022)

CIS 97-1044 Worksite barriers to the effective management of alcohol problems. Bell N.S., Mangione T.W., Howland J., Levine S., Amick B., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1213-1219. 24 ref. (In English)

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A survey of 7,255 supervisors in 114 worksites across seven major U.S. corporations revealed three classes of barriers to workplace interventions in cases of alcohol abuse: organizational, interpersonal and individual barriers. Most managers reported encountering some barriers to interventions; the extent of perceived barriers was related to characteristics of the worksite, the job, and/or the environment. Barriers were greatest for female managers, managers in larger worksites, and first-line supervisors, and were related to the form of intervention (formal or informal). Corporate intervention strategies should take into account differences between company worksites and job levels. (69052)

CIS 97-1045 Occupational factors, smoking habits and tobacco withdrawal symptoms among male Japanese employees. Kawakami N., Takatsuka N., Shimizu H., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.9-15. 31 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 2,862 male employees in a Japanese electrical company identified 1,443 subjects with an experience of quitting smoking for at least three days. Of these, 67% had experienced tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Statistical analysis indicated that younger age, technical/clerical occupation, exhaustion after work, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking and the number of attempts to quit smoking were significantly associated with tobacco withdrawal symptoms. (69253)

CIS 97-1046 The relationship between job stress and mental health at work. Shigemi J., et al., Industrial Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.35, No.1, p.29-35. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 763 workers in a Japanese electronics company identified 37.8% with mental health problems. Regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for sex, age, marital status, familial stress and physical health, subjective job stress was significantly associated with the state of mental health. Significant stress factors included too much trouble at work, too much responsibility, not being allowed to make mistakes, poor relationship with superiors, and being unable to keep up with technology. (69255)

CIS 97-1047 Stress at work and psychological and immunological parameters in a group of Norwegian female bank employees. Endresen I.M., et al., Work and Stress, July-Sep. 1991, Vol.5, No.3, p.217-227. (In English)

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A study of 96 female bank employees examined self reported stress, emotional state, ego-strength, and defensiveness in relation to measures reflecting cellular immunity: T-cell activity (response to Concanavalin A), T-cell number, and concentration of immunoglobulins (Ig) and complement components. The most pronounced source of stress was high workload, followed by strain resulting from the working posture. Depressive symptoms were the most frequent emotional problem. These stress experiences were significantly associated with immunological variables: T-cell number and concentrations of IgM and complement component C3 were sensitive to both work-related stress and emotional distress, while coping abilities were reflected in T-cell activity. (69271)

CIS 97-1048 A conceptual framework for the study of work and mental health. Warr P., Work and Stress, Apr.-June 1994, Vol.8, No.2, p.84-97. Illus. 45 ref. (In English)

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The key features which influence mental health both in jobs and in unemployment are discussed and are incorporated into a general framework for the study of work, unemployment and mental health. Three principal axes of affective well-being are identified, and it is suggested that nine environmental features are of primary importance. The impact of these features on mental health is viewed as analogous to the influence of vitamins on physical health. This 'vitamin model' is extended to permit examination of individual variables, and some empirical evidence is presented. The model provides a broad conceptual framework to guide more specific thinking. (69272)

CIS 97-1049 Comparison of job demands, control and psychosomatic complaints at different career stages of managers in Finland and the United States. Hurrell J.J., Lindström K., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1992, Vol.18, Suppl.2, p.11-13. 3 ref. (In English)

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Job stress surveys were carried out among 708 Finnish construction industry managers and 664 U.S. state government managers. The relationships between job demands, job control and the frequency of psychosomatic complaints appeared to change according to the stage of career development. For US managers, only those in the middle stage of career development were affected by certain demand and control variables. Finnish workers in the early stages were negatively affected by lengthy working hours, and benefited from having greater task control, whereas these variables had no effects on symptom reporting in the middle or late stages. (69273)

CIS 97-1050 Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Chatman J.A., Administrative Science Quarterly, 1991, Vol.36, p.459-484. 71 ref. (In English)

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The early careers of 171 entry-level auditors in eight U.S. public accounting firms were tracked and the congruence of their values with those of the organization were assessed. Person-organization fit is shown to be created, in part, by selection (assessment of new entrants) and socialization (the influence of the organization on the entrant's values and behaviour). Results show some support for three general hypotheses: recruits whose values match those of the firm adjust to it more quickly; those who experience the most vigorous socialization fit the firm's values better than those who do not; and recruits whose values most closely match the firm's feel most satisfied and remain with the firm longer. (69276)

CIS 97-1051 Job demands and worker health: Three-dimensional reexamination of the relationship between person-environment fit and strain. Edwards J.R., Van Harrison R., Journal of Applied Psychology, 1993, Vol.78, No.4, p.630-648. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

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The person-environment fit approach to stress states that misfit between the person and the environment may produce psychological, physiological and behavioural strains that ultimately increase morbidity and mortality. Data from a 1982 study are reanalyzed using a procedure that captures the underlying three-dimensional relationship between the environment, the person and strain. Results resolve ambiguities in the previous findings and identify relationships between the environment, the person and strain which are consistent with person-environment fit theory. Implications for person-environment fit research are discussed. (69277)

CIS 97-1052 Psychosocial factors at work in relation to back and limb disorders. Leino P., Hänninen V., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1995, Vol.21, No.2, p.134-142. 23 ref. (In English)

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Questionnaire surveys and clinical examinations were carried out on 902 blue- and white-collar workers in Finland. Measurements were repeated 10 years later on 654 of the workers. Data were collected on psychosocial factors (work content, work control, social relationships at work, mental overstrain), physical workload and musculoskeletal morbidity. Reported pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system, as well as clinical findings, were associated with psychosocial factors. The observed associations were independent of physical workload. Results suggest a general musculoskeletal response to mental stress, a result supported by previous findings. (69279)

CIS 97-1053 Wide awake at odd hours: Shift work, time zones and burning the midnight oil. (Swedish: Vaken på udda arbetstider: Om skiftarbete, tidszoner och nattsudd) Åkerstedt T., Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Box 1122, 111 81 Stockholm, Sweden, 1995. 124p. Illus. 127 ref.., ISBN 91-88530-26-4 (In Swedish)

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The causes of sleep disturbances, their consequences during a person's waking hours and what can be done to minimize their effects are described. Research results and facts about sleep and its importance for people with irregular working hours are compiled. Contents: the effects of working at odd hours (sleep, reduced alertness, safety, performance, gastro-intestinal and cardiac condition, social effects, jet-lag); sleep (the sleep process, tiredness, lack of sleep); circadian rhythm; mechanism (predicting one's own sleeping and waking); organization of irregular hours; individual strategies; regulations (Swedish law, European directives, ILO standards); clinical sleep disturbances (insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia). An English-language edition of this book was abstracted as CIS 96-1903. (69085)

CIS 97-1054 Lifestyle and health risks at the workplace. Occupational Health Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigvej 8, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, [no date]. 44p. 49 ref. (In English)

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Report on lifestyle and health risks at the workplace published by the WHO as part of the workplan of its Regional Office for Europe to achieve Target 25 in the health for all (HFA) strategy (see definition in document). Main contents: influence of occupational and non-occupational factors on workers' health; national statistics (development of approaches; country examples); tobacco; alcohol; drugs; diet; unemployment; stress; conclusions; recommendations. (69032)

CIS 97-1055 A model for assessing the costs of stressors at national level. Socio-economic costs of work stress in two EU Member States. Levi L., Lunde-Jensen P., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1996. x, 82p. 60 ref. Price: ECU 10.00., ISBN 92-827-8386-3 (In English)

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This document describes the development of a model to estimate the socio-economic costs of work stress at the national level. Sources of stress at work are discussed along with resulting health effects and the need for prevention at the national level. Calculations for the model are based on estimates of the prevalence of stressors at the workplace and their health outcomes in terms of excess sickness associated with exposure to these stressors. The application of the model is demonstrated using illustrative results for Denmark and Sweden. (69109)

CIS 97-1056 Handbook of stress, medicine and health. Cooper C.L., ed., CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 1996. xii, 388p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 75.00., ISBN 0-8493-2908-6 (In English)

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This manual comprises a series of papers on the health effects of mental stress. Contents: introduction to the causes and health effects of stress and stress management; stress and health (cancer, endocrine responses, mental health, burnout); life events, stress and illness (personal control and the risk of disease, cardiovascular disease, occupational exposure to the AIDS virus); personality, stress and illness; social support, stress and illness; stress, health and families; preventing and treating stress-related illnesses. (69119)

CIS 97-1057 Stress and work: Origins and approaches. (French: Stress et travail: origines et approches) Moors S., ed., Institut National de Recherche sur les Conditions de Travail, rue de la Concorde 60, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1994. 270p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 90-801976-2-9 (In French)

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Contents of this book on occupational stress: organization and stress, causes and approaches; stress, motivation and management; individual management of stress; psychobiology of stress; stress as a cause of absenteeism; emotional load and women at work; personality and working environment; stressful occupations; assessment of occupational stress. (69228)

CIS 97-1058 Occupational Stress Questionnaire: User's instructions. Elo A.L., et al., Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 1992. 62p. 42 ref. Price: USD 20.00., ISBN 951-801-965-7 (In English)

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This booklet describes the method used by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health to investigate occupational stress. The method involves an examination of perceived occupational stress factors, stress reactions of individuals, and the possibilities of the individual and of the work organization to influence occupational stress. The objectives and application of the Occupational Stress Questionnaire are described, along with data analysis and utilization of the questionnaire findings. Abridged and comprehensive versions of the questionnaire are included. (69246)

CIS 97-1059 Gender, work control, and stress: A theoretical discussion and an empirical test. Hall E.M., In: The psychosocial work environment: Work organization, democratization, and health: Essays in memory of Bertil Gardell, edited by J.V. Johnson and G. Johansson. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., Amityville, NY 11701, USA, 1991, p.89-108. Illus. 57 ref. (In English)

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This article discusses differences between men and women in their relationship between occupational stress and health, focusing on the impact of work control. It includes a review of the literature on gender and work stress, and presents data on the distribution of work control as a function of gender, class and sex-segregation in Sweden. Findings indicate that Swedish women and men are largely confined to working in jobs that are highly sex-segregated; women have fewer occupations from which to choose than do men; women have less work control than do men, even within female-segregated jobs; white-collar workers of both sexes have more control than blue-collar workers. (69278)

CIS 97-1060 Don't mix it! A guide for employers on alcohol at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1996. 22p. 4 ref. (In English)

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http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg240.pdf

This booklet provides guidance on dealing with alcohol-related problems at work. Contents: effects of alcohol on the individual; legal aspects; identifying alcohol problems at work; deciding on and implementing appropriate action; a model alcohol policy; alcohol screening. Includes case studies of alcohol policies in specific companies and a list of organizations offering advice. (69103)

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