CIS 96-391 Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995 [Australia - Queensland]. Offprint from the Queensland Government Gazette, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 1995. 120p. (In English)

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http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/W/WorkplHSaA95.pdf
http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/whasa1995250/

This Act (assented to on 11 Apr. 1995, commenced on 1 July 1995), replaces the 1989 Act by the same title (CIS 90-1402). Contents: scope of the Act (excluded areas: mines, petroleum industry, use of explosives, public safety, radioactive substances, traffic, marine safety); definitions; workplace health and safety obligations (by employers, manufacturers, suppliers, owners of high risk plant, workers etc.); compliance standards; advisory standards; industry consultative arrangements (establishment and role of the Workplace Health and Safety Council and of industry committees); workplace consultative arrangements (workplace health and safety representatives and committees); workplace health and safety officers; inspectors (appointment, general powers, improvement and prohibition notices, other investigative powers, other enforcement matters); boards of inquiry; appeals; legal proceedings; offences; issuing of regulations; transitional provisions. Regulations issued and codes of practice approved under the previous Act remain in force until 1 July 1996, unless repealed earlier. In annex: list of offences and penalties; list of plant specified as "high risk"; dictionary of defined terms. (66398)

CIS 96-392 Health and Safety - The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1996. 18p. Illus. Price: GBP 3.70., ISBN 0-11-054093-X (In English)

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These Regulations (entry into force: 1 Apr. 1996) introduce into British legislation (including offshore workplaces) measures relating to the provision and use of safety signs and signals required by Directive 92/58/EEC (CIS 93-1752). Contents: provision and maintenance of safety signs; information, instruction and training of employees relating to safety signs. In schedules: minimum requirements concerning safety signs and signals at work (types of signs, interchanging and combining signs); minimum requirements concerning signboards (prohibitory, warning, mandatory, emergency, first-aid and fire-fighting signs); minimum requirements governing signs on containers and pipes, the identification and location of fire-fighting equipment, illuminated signs, acoustic signals, verbal communication and hand signals. The Safety Signs Regulations 1980 (CIS 81-1152) are revoked. Illustrations of standard signs are given throughout. (66391)

CIS 96-393 Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National Standards) Regulations [Australia]. Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1994. iv, 26p. (In English)

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http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/ohasesr1994809/

Regulations issued under the 1991 Act (see CIS 91-1751) concerning employment regulated by Australian Commonwealth authorities. They were originally notified in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette on 13 Dec. 1994, and commenced on 31 Mar. 1995. Part 2 of the Regulations (competency requirements and certification standards) apply to workers operating certain kinds of industrial equipment, as defined in the National Occupational Health and Safety Certification Standard for Users and Operators of Industrial Equipment (CIS 95-2267). Part 3 deals with occupational noise on the basis of the National Occupational Noise Standard (CIS 94-690), limiting noise exposure to 85dB(A) (8h equivalent sound pressure level) and to a peak sound pressure level of 140dB(lin). Relevant duties of manufacturers, employers, employees and contractors are given. Parts 4-9 (plant, manual handling, hazardous substances, confined spaces, storage and handling of dangerous goods, major hazard facilities) contain as yet no provisions. (66395)

CIS 96-394 Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National Standards) Regulations (Amendment) [Australia]. Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1995. 10p.(SR 53), 8p.(SR 98)., ISBN 0-644-44327-2 (SR 53), ISBN 0-644-44832-1 (SR 98) (In English)

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Two amendments to the 1994 Regulations (see CIS 96-393). The principal modifications introduced by SR 1995 No.53 (Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 29 Mar. 1995) concern employees or contractors performing work without a certificate (while undergoing training or otherwise) and exemptions from certificates. The principal modifications introduced by SR 1995 No.98 (Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 18 May 1995) concern the duties of employers and employees in workplaces where manual handling is performed to maintain safe working conditions, to carry out risk assessment and to exercise risk control. (66396)

CIS 96-395 Council Directive 95/63/EC of 5.12.1995 amending Directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work (2nd individual Directive within the meaning of Art.16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 95/63/CE du Conseil, du 5.12.1995, modifiant la dir. 89/655/CEE concernant les prescriptions minimales de sécurité et de santé pour l'utilisation par les travailleurs d'équipements de travail (2e dir. au sens de l'art.16(1) de la dir. 89/391/CEE [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 30 Dec. 1995, Vol.38, No.L 335, p.28-36. (In English, French)

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These amendments to directive 89/655/CEE (CIS 90-357) deal with the inspection of equipment that the employer must carry out, and the ergonomic principles which must be taken into account by the employer when applying minimum health and safety requirements. (66957)

CIS 96-396 Sanitary facilities in enterprises [France]. (French: Installations sanitaires des entreprises [France]) Soudry C., Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.62, p.127-140. (In French)

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Survey of French legislation concerning sanitary facilities at the workplace. References are included to measures of interest to: 1) responsible chiefs (concerning: dressing rooms, washrooms, showers in the case of dangerous/dirty work (with a list of such jobs), work with outside contractors, construction sites (short- and long-term sites, migrant workers, workers living communally, measures specific to certain jobs or industries)); 2) construction site supervisors (concerning: ventilation, instructions). (66698)

CIS 96-397 Directives adopted within the field of safety, hygiene and health at work [Denmark]. EuroEcho, Dec. 1995, 16p. (In English)

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List of European Communities OSH Directives adopted by Denmark by Dec. 1995. For each Directive, the following information is given: title, EEC No., nature of Danish harmonization (total or optional), effective date in Denmark (if after 1 Jan. 1992). Classification of the Directives is by broad subject: general; pressure vessels; construction; machinery, lifts and hoists; personal protective equipment; noise; tractors; marketing of dangerous substances and preparations; classification of dangerous substances; plant protection products; major hazards; biotechnology; cosmetics; CE markings; explosive atmospheres; ionizing radiation. (66724)

CIS 96-398 Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act [South Africa]. (Afrikaans: Wet of Bedryfsiektes in Myne en Bedrywe) In: Statutes of the Republic of South Africa, 1994, p.1171-1276. (In Afrikaans, English)

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The original Act was assented to on 19 June 1973, and it commenced on 1 Oct. 1973. This version incorporates all amendments up to and including the Amendment Act No.208 of 1993. Contents: definitions (the following are defined as compensable diseases, if relatable to risk work: pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, permanent obstruction of the airways, permanent cardio-respiratory disease, progressive systemic sclerosis); establishment and functions of the Medical Bureau for Occupational Diseases; control (supervision) and risk determination in mines and mine works; certificates of fitness, and medical and other examinations; certification of compensable diseases; appointment and functions of the Compensation Commissioner for Occupational Diseases and organization of the Compensation Fund; determination of compensation payments; research and special medical treatment; making of regulations. Certain laws, in particular the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Act, 1962, are repealed. (66399)

CIS 96-399 Decree No.95-1196 of 6 Nov. 1995. Schedules of prescribed occupational diseases - Modifications and additions [France]. (French: Décret n°95-1196 du 6 nov. 1995. Tableaux des maladies professionnelles - Modifications et adjonctions [France]) Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1996, No.162, p.81-82. Also in: Journal officiel, 10 Nov. 1995. (In French)

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Decree No.95-1196 makes the following changes in the French schedules of prescribed occupational diseases: two new schedules of occupational diseases are added to the list established by Article L.461-2 of the Social Security Code: table No.15 bis et 15 ter. In addition, table No.15 is modified both in its title and contents. Three other tables are modified: Nos.16 bis, 25 and 69. (66708)

CIS 96-400 Environmental Management Act, 1995 [Trinidad and Tobago]. Legal Supplement Part A to the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette, 7 Mar. 1995, Vol.34, No.49, p.i-iv, 16-80. (In English)

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This Act was assented to on 7 Mar. 1995. It provides for the management of the environment through the establishment and operation of an Environmental Management Authority, an Environmental Trust Fund and an Environmental Commission. It also deals with the following topics: the National Environmental Policy; environmental incentive programmes; environmental impact assessments; protection of natural resources; pollution and hazardous substances (recordkeeping, monitoring, permits); air and noise pollution (permits, prohibitions); water pollution; waste management and identification; hazardous substances and spills (management, prohibitions, releases and other incidents); compliance and enforcement issues; the Environmental Trust Fund. (66727)

CIS 96-401 Decree concerning the protection of workers exposed to carcinogenic substances in the workplace, in conformity with Directive 90/394/EEC [Greece]. (Greek: Prostasia tōn ergazomenōn apo tous kindunous pou sundeontai me tēn ekthesē se karkinogonous paragontes kata tēn ergasia se summorfōsē me tēn odēgia tou Sumbouliou 90/394/EOK) Efēmeris tēs Kubernēseos tēs Ellēnikēs Dēmokratias, 19 Dec. 1994, No.221, p.3992-3996. (In Greek)

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Implementation into Greek legislation of Directive 90/394/EEC (CIS 90-1758). Summary: definition of "carcinogens"; recommended characteristics of work equipment and workplaces; obligations of employers (hazard evaluation, reduction of use and replacement of products, prevention and reduction of exposure, notification of the competent authority, action in the case of unforeseen and foreseen exposure, access to risk areas, hygiene and individual protection measures, education and information of workers, consultation and participation of workers, health surveillance, record keeping); miscellaneous provisions (list of substances and methods, recommendations for medical surveillance of workers, enforcement and penalties). (66394)

CIS 96-402 Directives No.1 and No.2 of 20 Dec. 1995 - Determination of benzene concentration in the working environment; Health surveillance of workers for the prevention of occupational exposure to benzene [Brazil]. (Portuguese: Instruções Normativas n.°1 e n°2, de 20 de dezembro de 1995 - Avaliação das concentrações de benzeno em ambientes de trabalho; Vigilância da saúde dos trabalhadores na prevenção da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno) Revista CIPA, Feb. 1996, Vol.17, No.195, p.98-106. 6 ref. (In Portuguese)

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These Directives became effective on the day they were published in the Diário Oficial of 4 Jan. 1996 (p.127, 130). Their issue was necessitated by the adoption of various Brazilian legal instruments related to benzene and harmful substances, and in particular by the ratification by Brazil of ILO Convention 136 and the approval of ILO Recommendation 144 relating to benzene. Directive No.1 covers: definitions; sampling and measurement methods; reporting of results. In annex: recommended statistical methods. Directive No.2 covers: required constituents of a medical surveillance programme related to benzene exposure; required action in the case of accidental exposure; workers' rights relative to benzene exposure; medical overview of benzene toxicity. (66496)

CIS 96-403 Regulation No.14 of 20 Dec. 1995 on carcinogens [Brazil]. (Portuguese: Portaria n°14, de 20 de dezembro de 1995 - Substâncias cancerígenas) Revista CIPA, Feb. 1996, Vol.17, No.195, p.106-109. (In Portuguese)

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This Regulation became effective on the day of its publication in the Diário Oficial of 22 Dec. 1995 (p.21,865 I). It modifies the list of carcinogens contained in Annex 13 of Regulatory Standard No.15 of 8 June 1978 (mod. by Reg. SSST No.3 of 10 Mar. 1994), by prohibiting all exposure to or contact with the following carcinogens: 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, 4-nitrobiphenyl and benzidine (production of which is also prohibited). New measures concerning benzene are added: all enterprises (except those producing distilled alcohol) that produce, transport, store, use or manipulate benzene or its liquid mixtures (with >1% benzene content) must register themselves with the national safety and health authority (SSST) and must prepare a Programme for the Prevention of Occupational Exposure to Benzene (PPEOB). A new Annex 13-A (Benzene) is added: measures for the protection of workers exposed to benzene; registration procedures for enterprises that produce etc. benzene; preparation and implementation of PPEOBs; exposure limits (1ppm for most enterprises, 2.5ppm for steelworks); what to do in case of accidental exposure. (66497)

CIS 96-404 Decrees No.96-97 and No.96-98 of 7 Feb. 1996 and Orders of 7 Feb. 1996. Asbestos - Protection of exposed persons [France]. (French: Décrets n°96-97 et n°96-98 du 7 fév. 1996 et arrêtés du 7 fév. 1996. Amiante - Protection des personnes exposées [France]) Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1996, No.162, Note No.2015-162-96, p.73-80. Also in: Journal officiel, 8 Feb. 1996. (In French)

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This note contains the following legal texts: 1) Decree No.96-97 concerning the protection of the population against asbestos in existing buildings. 2) Decree No.96-98 concerning the protection of workers against the inhalation of asbestos dust in the following activities: manufacturing and transformation of asbestos-containing materials; encapsulation and removal of asbestos; activities involving materials or equipment likely to release asbestos fibres into the atmosphere. 3) The two Orders dated 7 Feb. 1996 concern: licensing conditions for organizations authorized to evaluate asbestos dust concentrations in the indoor air of existing buildings; methods for the evaluation of the state of sprayed asbestos and asbestos-containing insulation and for the measurement of dust levels in existing buildings. (66707)

CIS 96-405 Decree No.87-200 of 25.3.1987 modifying the provisions of the French Labour Code ... and concerning safety data sheets and DRT Circular No. 90/2 of 23.2.1990 [France]. (French: Décret n°87-200 du 25.3.1987 modifiant les dispositions du code du travail (2e partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux fiches de données de sécurité et circulaire DRT du 23.2.1990 [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 27 Mar. 1987, 119th year, No.73, p.3451. + 23 Feb. 1990, No.90/2, p.647-650. (In French)

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Since 1 April 1988, Decree No.87-200 of 25 March 1987, incorporated into the French Labour Code as article R.231-46-1, has required suppliers and manufacturers to provide company managers with safety data sheets on the chemicals they supply. This circular takes a look at the results obtained in the two years since the decree came into force and answers the following questions: end-users of data sheets (employers, but also occupational physicians and health and safety committees); definition and colour of data sheets; type of products covered, transmission modes; verification by the labour inspectorate; European prospects. (66741)

CIS 96-406 Council Directive 93/75/EEC of 13.09.1993 concerning minimum requirements for vessels bound for or leaving Community ports and carrying dangerous or polluting goods [European Communities]. (French: Directive 93/75/CEE du Conseil, du 13.09.1993, relative aux conditions minimales exigées pour les navires à destination des ports maritimes de la Communauté ou en sortant et transportant des marchandises dangereuses ou polluantes [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 5 Oct. 1993, Vol.36, No.L 247, p.19-27. Appendices. (In English, French)

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This directive lists the type of information that the operator of a vessel leaving or entering a port should report to the competent authority. It also presents the check-list which the operator must fill in. (66956)

CIS 96-407 Commission Directive 81/957/EEC of 23.10.1981 adapting to technical progress for the 3rd time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [European Communities]. (French: Dir. 81/957/CEE de la Commission, du 23.10.1981, portant 3e adaptation au progrès technique de la dir. 67/548/CEE concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives ... relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 7 Dec. 1981, Vol.24, No.L 351, p.5-44. (In English, French)

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This directive amends Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23) concerning the list of dangerous substances. (66958)

CIS 96-408 Commission Directive of 25.03.1982 adapting to technical progress for the 4th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [European Communities]. (French: Dir. de la Commission, du 25.03.1982, portant 4e adaptation au progrès technique de la dir. 67/548/CEE concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives ... relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 21 Apr. 1982, Vol.25, No.L 106, p.18-19. (In English, French)

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This directive amends Annex I of directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23). It applies only to hydrazine solutions of 5-64% concentration. (66959)

CIS 96-409 European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR) and protocol of signature [United Nations]. United Nations, Publications and Sales, Palais des Nations, 1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, 1994. 2 vols. (xxi, 591p. + vi, 395p.). Illus., ISBN 92-1-139044-3, ISBN 92-1-139045-1 (In English)

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This two-volume set comprises the 17 articles of the Agreement, the Protocol of signature, the annexes in the form in which they entered into force on 29 July 1968 and amendments up to 1 January 1995. Annex A covers the provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles and Annex B covers provisions concerning transport equipment and transport operations. Replaces previous edition (see CIS 93-361). (66466)

CIS 96-410 Health and Safety - The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 54p. Illus. (In English)

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Implementation in Great Britain of the Machinery Directive (89/392/EEC, see CIS 89-1442), entry into force: 1 Jan. 1993. It applies to most kinds of machinery (excluded are, among others: most kinds of equipment used for lifting persons; medical machinery; equipment in fairgrounds; pressure vessels; machinery involving radioactivity; firearms; storage tanks and pipelines; transport vehicles; tractors; military and police machinery; machinery covered by other EEC Directives). Main provisions of the Regulations: suppliers of machinery have to ensure that it is "in fact safe", that it satisfies the relevant OSH requirements, that it undergoes EC conformity procedures and (except for "incorporated" equipment) that the EC mark is properly affixed. Special provisions concern: drawing up of technical files; application of transposed harmonized standards; approved bodies for conformity assessments; certificates of adequacy; EC type-examinations and declarations of conformity; EC marks; enforcement. Some existing UK legislation is modified. In annex: essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and construction of machinery (general, controls, protection against mechanical hazards, guards and protection devices, other hazards, indicators, special categories of machinery, hazards due to the mobility of machinery, hazards due to lifting operations); machinery posing special hazards. (66392)

CIS 96-411 The Supply of Machinery (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 1994 [United Kingdom]. HMSO Publications, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1994. 13p. Illus. Price: GBP 3.20., ISBN 0-11-045063-9 (In English)

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Amendments of the 1992 Regulations (see CIS 96-410). They implement in Great Britain Directive 93/44/EEC (CIS 93-1435) and other modifications of the Machinery Directive (89/392/EEC, see CIS 89-1442). The principal amendment concerns safety components for machinery which are supplied separately. Other changes involve the replacement of the "EC Mark" by the "CE Marking". Liftting equipment designed for raising and/or moving persons is now included within the scope of the Regulations, but further exclusions of other kinds of lifting equipment are specified. Other minor modifications are made. Most of the provisions of this amendment come into force on 1 Sep. 1994. (66393)

CIS 96-412 Circular DEPSE/SDTE/C 95-7011-DRT No.95-6 of 8 March 1995 concerning the medical surveillance of workers involved in the handling of food products of animal origin [France]. (French: Circulaire DEPSE/SDTE/C 95-7011-DRT n°95-6 du 8 mars 1995 relative à la surveillance médicale des salariés procédant à la manipulation des denrées animales et d'origine animale [France]) Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1995, No.61, p.65-66. (In French)

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This circular applies to workers who handle, in their normal work, food and food products of animal origin (meat, seafood, milk, eggs etc.). Such workers must observe very high standards of personal hygiene and must wear very clean clothing. In addition, they must possess a medical certificate stating either that there is no health reason to prevent them from working in such establishments or that they do not have certain diseases, and are not carriers of certain microorganisms or parasites. (66694)

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CIS 96-413 2-Vinyl toluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the kidneys and the nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66531)

CIS 96-414 3-Vinyl toluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card (synonym: 3-methylstyrene). Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66532)

CIS 96-415 4-Vinyl toluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card (synonym: 4-methylstyrene). Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66533)

CIS 96-416 trans-beta-Methyl styrene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin irritation. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66534)

CIS 96-417 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin irritation; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (66535)

CIS 96-418 Stannous chloride dihydrate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may have neurotoxic effects (central nervous system) and may affect the blood chemistry when ingested. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver when ingested. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ (as tin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66536)

CIS 96-419 4-Aminobiphenyl. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; eye irritation; may affect the bladder (haematuria). Long-term exposure effects: human carcinogen; may cause genetic damage in humans. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: A1 (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66537)

CIS 96-420 Chloroacetone. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation and corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1ppm, 3.8mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66538)

CIS 96-421 Cumene hydroperoxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effects on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (66539)

CIS 96-422 1,3-Cyclohexadiene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66540)

CIS 96-423 Magnesium chloride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. (66541)

CIS 96-424 Ninhydrin. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. (66542)

CIS 96-425 Paraformaldehyde. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. (66543)

CIS 96-426 Phthalic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66544)

CIS 96-427 Potassium oxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66545)

CIS 96-428 Pyrogallic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card (synonym: pyrogallol). Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver, kidneys and the blood (decrease in oxygen - the substance has a marked affinity for the oxygen of the blood). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. (66546)

CIS 96-429 Sodium methylate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66547)

CIS 96-430 Tartaric acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66548)

CIS 96-431 p-Toluenesulfonic acid. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66549)

CIS 96-432 Antimony. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the lungs and heart function; pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs, respiratory tract and skin; dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.5mg/m³ (as Sb) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66550)

CIS 96-433 Cobalt. (Spanish: Cobalto) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0782. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: asthmatic reactions (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma; pneumoconiosis; may affect the lungs and heart function (myocardiopathies). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.05mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66551)

CIS 96-434 Cobalt (II) chloride. (Spanish: Dicloruro de cobalto) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0783. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; asthmatic reactions (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma; may affect the heart function (myocardiopathies). (66552)

CIS 96-435 Diphenyl ether. (Spanish: Difenil eter) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0791. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; may affect the liver and kidneys after ingestion. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1ppm, 7mg/m³ (TWA); 2ppm, 14mg/m³ (STEL). (66553)

CIS 96-436 Chlorthiamid. (Spanish: Clortiamida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0852. International chemical safety card. (66554)

CIS 96-437 Cristobalite. (Spanish: Cristobalita) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0809. International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs: pneumoconiosis (silicosis); human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.05mg/m³ (respirable dust) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66555)

CIS 96-438 Dichlobenil. (Spanish: Diclobenil) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0867 (synonym: 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile). International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (66556)

CIS 96-439 Dichloroacetyl chloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de dicloroacetilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0869. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; watering of the eyes; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66557)

CIS 96-440 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline. (Spanish: 2,6-Dicloro-4-nitroanilina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0871. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66558)

CIS 96-441 Diisopropyl ether. (Spanish: Diisopropil éter) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0906. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 250ppm, 1040mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); STEL: 310ppm, 1300mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66559)

CIS 96-442 Nickel carbonate. (Spanish: Carbonato de níquel) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0927. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma; human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as Ni) (TWA): 0.05mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66560)

CIS 96-443 Quartz. (Spanish: Cuarzo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0808. International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs: pneumoconiosis (silicosis); probable human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (respirable dust) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66561)

CIS 96-444 1-Butene (liquefied). (Spanish: But-1-eno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0396. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: may cause frostbite; exposure may result in unconsciousness. (66562)

CIS 96-445 trans-2-Butene (liquefied). (Spanish: (E)-But-2-eno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0398. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas; rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 100mg/m³ (USSR 1971). (66563)

CIS 96-446 cis-2-Butene (liquefied). (Spanish: (Z)-But-2-eno (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0397. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas; rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 100mg/m³ (USSR 1971). (66564)

CIS 96-447 Butylamine. (Spanish: Butilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0374. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema; narcotic effects. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 15mg/m³ C (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 10mg/m³ (USSR 1980). (66565)

CIS 96-448 sec-Butylamine. (Spanish: sec-Butilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0401. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); visual function disorders. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: MAK: 5ppm, 15mg/m³ I,H (1990). (66566)

CIS 96-449 Butyraldehyde. (Spanish: Butiraldehído) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0403. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may cause congenital malformations. Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 5mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (66567)

CIS 96-450 Hydrogen cyanide. (Spanish: Cianuro de hidrógeno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0492 (synonym: hydrocyanic acid). International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); gas inhalation may lead to death. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as C): 10ppm, 11mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.3mg/m³ (skin) (USSR 1988). (66568)

CIS 96-451 Potassium chlorate. (Spanish: Clorato de potasio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0548. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the blood chemistry (haemolytic anaemia), liver and kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (66569)

CIS 96-452 1-Chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene. (Spanish: 1-Cloro-3,4 dinitrobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0722. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the blood chemistry: methaemoglobinaemia. (66570)

CIS 96-453 Benzethonium chloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de bencetonio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0387. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (66571)

CIS 96-454 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de hidroxilamonio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0709. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; may affect blood chemistry: methaemoglobinaemia (cyanosis, brain damage and renal insufficiency). (66572)

CIS 96-455 Lithium chloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de litio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0711. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin irritation; may provoke convulsions. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect renal function; may cause birth malformations. (66573)

CIS 96-456 Cresol (mixed isomers). (Spanish: Cresol puro (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0512 (synonym: cresylic acid). International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs, kidneys and liver. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 5ppm, 22mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66574)

CIS 96-457 Demeton-s-methyl. (Spanish: Demetón-s-metil) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0705 (synonym: metasystox 55). International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; eye irritation; neurotoxic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 0.1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (66575)

CIS 96-458 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene. (Spanish: Dibenzo(a,h)antraceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0431. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the skin, resulting in photosensitization and photoallergy; possible human carcinogen. (66576)

CIS 96-459 Diethylene benzyl benzoate. (Spanish: Dibenzoato de oxidietileno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0447. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: mild eye irritation. (66577)

CIS 96-460 2,4-Dichlorophenol. (Spanish: 2,4-Diclorofenol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0438. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; systemic poisoning. (66578)

CIS 96-461 Dichlorosilane. (Spanish: Diclorosilano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0442. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema and asthmatic reactions (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs. (66579)

CIS 96-462 Diethylamine. (Spanish: Dietilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0444. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm, 30mg/m³ (as TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 30mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (66580)

CIS 96-463 Diphenylamine. (Spanish: Difenilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0466. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 10ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66581)

CIS 96-464 Calcium hydroxide. (Spanish: Dihidróxido de calcio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0408. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive effect on ingestion. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66582)

CIS 96-465 Diisopropylamine. (Spanish: Diisopropilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0449. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 5ppm, 21mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66583)

CIS 96-466 N,N-Dimethylformamide. (Spanish: N,N-Dimetilformamida) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0457. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm, 30mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 10mg/m³ (skin) (USSR 1988). (66584)

CIS 96-467 Calcium cyanide. (Spanish: Cianuro de calcio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0407. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); neurotoxic effects; may affect the blood, heart and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as cyanide): 5mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66585)

CIS 96-468 3-Chlorophenol. (Spanish: 3-Clorofenol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0150. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66586)

CIS 96-469 Barium chloride. (Spanish: Cloruro de bario) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0614. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); muscular disorders; arrhythmia; paresis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as barium): 0.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66587)

CIS 96-470 Barium chloride (dihydrate). (Spanish: Cloruro de bario (dihidrato)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0615. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); muscular disorders; arrhythmia; paresis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as barium): 0.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66588)

CIS 96-471 m-Cresol. (Spanish: m-Cresol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0646. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; loss of consciousness. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the lungs, liver and kidneys; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). (66589)

CIS 96-472 Decane. (Spanish: Decano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0428. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the kidneys and blood. (66590)

CIS 96-473 Mercuric acetate. (Spanish: Diacetato de mercurio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0978. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); may affect the kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; renal dysfunction. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as mercury): 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66591)

CIS 96-474 Mercury chloride. (Spanish: Dicloruro de dimercurio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0984. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (as mercury): 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: 0.05mg/m³. (66592)

CIS 96-475 Mercuric chloride. (Spanish: Dicloruro de mercurio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0979. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); may affect the kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; renal dysfunction. Occupational exposure limit: TLV (as mercury): 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66593)

CIS 96-476 Naphthylene diisocyanate. (Spanish: Diisocianato de 1,5-naftileno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0653. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; asthmatic reactions. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma; may affect the lungs. (66594)

CIS 96-477 N,N-Dimethylaniline. (Spanish: N,N-Dimetilanilina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0877. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; haematotoxic effects: methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 25mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); STEL: 10ppm, 50mg/m³ (ACGIH 1991-1992). (66595)

CIS 96-478 Parathion. (French: Parathion) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 5p. 28 ref. (In French)

Internet:

Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: very toxic (in animal experiments, DL₅₀ = 5-30mg/kg (oral), 6.8-50mg/kg (skin)); skin absorption; delayed effects; blood cholinesterase inhibition; respiratory diseases: bronchospasm, pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system): visual function disturbances, convulsions; may affect the pancreas and the peripheral nervous system. Chronic toxicity: may cause polyneuropathy and skin diseases. (66596)

CIS 96-479 Chloronaphthalenes. (French: Chloronaphtalènes) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 4p. 19 ref. (In French)

Internet:

Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: skin absorption (limited); delayed effects; narcotic effect; skin disorders: chloracne, dermatitis, keratitis, rash; may affect the liver. (66597)

CIS 96-480 Glyoxal and aqueous solutions. (French: Glyoxal et solutions aqueuses) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 4p. 34 ref. (In French)

Internet:

Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Chronic toxicity: skin sensitization; skin allergy. (66598)

CIS 96-481 Nitric oxide - Nitrogen peroxide. (French: Monoxyde d'azote - Peroxyde d'azote) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1996. 5p. 44 ref. (In French)

Internet:

Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract: bronchospasm, pulmonary oedema. Chronic toxicity: may affect the lungs (pulmonary oedema, emphysema). (66599)

CIS 96-482 Cyclohexylamine. (French: Cyclohexylamine) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1996. 4p. 21 ref. (In French)

Internet:

Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; chemical burns; may have neurotoxic and cardiovascular effects. Chronic toxicity: irritation of the skin. (66600)

CIS 96-483 Pentachloronaphthalene. (Spanish: Pentacloronaftaleno) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 1996, Vol.58, No.4. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; skin disorders: chloracne, dermatitis; hepatotoxic effect. (66601)

CIS 96-484 Stoddard solvent. (Spanish: Solvente de Stoddard) Noticias de seguridad, Apr. 1996, Vol.58, No.4. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA (synonym: white spirit). Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract; narcotic effect; medullary hypoplasia; dermatitis; jaundice. (66602)

CIS 96-485 Octachloronaphthalene. (Spanish: Octacloronaftaleno) Noticias de seguridad, Mar. 1996, Vol.58, No.3. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; skin disorders: chloracne, dermatitis; hepatotoxic effect (jaundice). (66603)

CIS 96-486 Hafnium and compounds (as hafnium). (Spanish: Hafnio y Compuestos (como Hafnio)) Noticias de seguridad, Mar. 1996, Vol.58, No.3. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes; hepatotoxic effect. (66604)

CIS 96-487 Acrylonitrile. (Spanish: Acrilonitrilo) Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 1996, Vol.58, No.2. 5p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin; hypoxia; chemical burns; dermatitis; probable human carcinogen. (66605)

CIS 96-488 Carbaryl (Sevin (R)). (Spanish: Carbaril (Sevin (R))) Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 1996, Vol.58, No.2. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the skin; blood cholinesterase inhibition: may cause convulsions; may cause birth malformations. (66606)

CIS 96-489 tert-Butyl alcohol. (Spanish: Alcohol ter-butílico) Noticias de seguridad, Jan. 1996, Vol.58, No.1. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; dermatitis; narcotic effect. (66607)

CIS 96-490 Cyclopentadiene. (Spanish: Ciclopentadieno) Noticias de seguridad, Jan. 1996, Vol.58, No.1. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. (66608)

CIS 96-491 Allyl alcohol. (Spanish: Alcohol alilo) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1995, Vol.57, No.12. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns (eyes and skin); may affect the lungs: pulmonary oedema. (66609)

CIS 96-492 o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile. (Spanish: O-Clorobencilideno malononitrilo) Noticias de seguridad, Dec. 1995, Vol.57, No.2. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; tear drawing; eye injuries; chemical burns; dermatitis. (66610)

CIS 96-493 Occupational safety and health guidelines for chemical hazards - Supplement IV-OHG. U.S. Department of Labor, Publications Dissemination, EID, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1995. approx. 435p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Update of a collection of six to eight-page data sheets on pure substances and mixtures originally abstracted under CIS 82-1002. Revisions are given for 11 products in the original collection, and 51 new products are added: calcium (Ca) carbonate (limestone), Ca cyanamide, Ca hydroxide, Ca silicate, Ca sulfate, caprolactam dust and vapour, captafol, captan, carbon tetrabromide, carbon tetrachloride, carbonyl fluoride, catechol, cellulose, cesium hydroxide, chloroacetyl chloride, chlorodifluoromethane, chloropentafluoroethane, chlorpyrifos, o-chlorostyrene, 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, o-chlorotoluene, clopidol, cobalt carbonyl, cobalt hydrocarbonyl, crufomate, cyanogen, cyanogen chloride, cyclohexylamine, cyclonite, cyclopentane, diazinon, 2-n-dibutylaminoethanol, dichloroacetylene, 1,3-dichloropropene, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, dicrotophos, dicyclopentadiene and its iron complex, diethanolamine, diethylenetriamine, diethyl phthalate, dinitolmide, dipropyl ketone, disulfiram, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethylene glycol and ethylidene norbornene. (66900)

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CIS 96-494 Using the INTERNET to access health and safety resources. Moore C., Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton Ont. L8N 1H6, Canada, 1995. 66p. Illus. Index., ISBN 0-660-16237-7 (In English)

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Guidance document to the use of INTERNET in accessing occupational safety and health (OSH) information. Contents: scope and currency of the publication (current as of Sep. 1995; all the software described is shareware or free software for IBM-compatible computers running MS Windows^TM); general information on the Internet; E-mail discussions; mailing lists; Usenet newsgroups; Telnet; File Transfer Protocol (FTP); Gopher services and clients; World Wide Web (WWW) servers and clients; getting connected to the Internet. In annex: glossary; selected OSH resources on the Internet. (66498)

CIS 96-495 Industrial hygiene: Instructor's guide. (Spanish: Higiene industrial: Guía del monitor) Bernal Domínguez F., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 182p. Illus., ISBN 84-7425-437-X (In Spanish)

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Partially as a result of the 1995 Act on the prevention of occupational hazards (see CIS 95-1921), the teaching of the basics of occupational hygiene is becoming very widespread in Spain at all levels of vocational education. This manual is aimed at providing support for instructors of such courses, in the form of objectives, suggestions and - above all - graphic aids. Contents of Part 1 (Theory): introduction to occupational hygiene; chemical contaminants (exposure monitoring, evaluation criteria, exposure control, personal protection); noise; vibration; thermal environment; ionizing and non-ionizing radiation; biological contaminants. Contents of Part 2 (Exercises): identification of chemical contaminants in a manufacturing process; measurement and evaluation of the concentration of chemical contaminants; general ventilation as a means of exposure reduction; evaluation of noise and vibration exposure; evaluation of thermal stress. (66658)

CIS 96-496 Catalogue: Films and videos used in occupational safety and health - An overall review of international production. (French: Films et vidéos utilisés dans la sécurité et la santé au travail - Un inventaire des réalisations internationales; Spanish: Películas y videos utilizados en la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo - Una revisión general de las producciones internacionales) International Social Security Association (ISSA), Berufsgenossenschaft der Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik, Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 130, 50968 Köln, Germany, 1996. ca 280p. Indexes. (In English, French, German, Spanish)

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Catalogue of more than 250 films from 25 countries submitted to the Third International Film and Video Festival held during the XIVth World Congress on OSH (Madrid, Spain, 22-26 April 1996). For each item the following information is given: original title in the production language; country of origin; year of production; language; length; nature of media; sale price; publisher (name of organization with address), rental or distributor company; target group; title and short summary in four languages. (66686)

CIS 96-497 Be safe: The costs of accidents - A guide for small firms. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 8p. Free., ISBN 0-7176-1018-7 (In English)

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Training guide aimed at small businesses. It shows how to calculate the full costs of accidents, and explains how the introduction of safety and health management into the everyday running of a company can lead to considerable cost reductions. (66723)

CIS 96-498 General catalogue of publications - 1996. (Spanish: Catálogo general de publicaciones - 1996) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1996. 54p. (In Spanish)

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Catalogue of publications available from the Spanish National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (INHST). Classification is by broad subject area: legislation and standardization; technical publications (technical notes and studies, ILO publications, conference proceedings, sampling and analytical methods, medical surveillance, questionnaires); training materials (information sheets, data sheets, brochures, posters etc.); audiovisual materials (videos, slides); computer-based products. (66726)

CIS 96-499 Safety and health at work in small and medium-sized enterprises. (Greek: Asfaleia kai ugeia kata tēn ergasia stis mikromesaies epiheirēseis) Ellēniko Institouto Ugieinēs kai Asfaleias tēs Ergasias, Patēsiōn 89, 104 34 Athēna, Greece, 1995. 49p. Illus. (In Greek)

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Guide to basic safety and health practices, aimed at small and medium-sized enterprises (acc. to Greek definition, those with <50 employees). Contents: general principles of OSH; work equipment; personal protective equipment; manual handling; work with visual display terminals; carcinogenic agents; lead; asbestos; noise protection; work areas; survey of EEC Directives. (66728)

CIS 96-500 Poster catalogue 1996. (Spanish: Catálogo de carteles 1996) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo (INSHT), Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027, Madrid, Spain, 1996. 15p. Illus. ### (In Spanish)

Illustrated catalogue of 48 occupational safety and health posters available from the INSHT. (67020)

CIS 96-501 How to better understand hygiene. (Dutch: Verstandig omgaan met hygiëne; French: Mieux connaître l'hygiène) Nationale vereniging tot voorkoming van arbeidsongevallen (NVVA), Gachardstraat 88, Bus 4, 1050 Brussel, Belgium, 1996. 21p. Illus. 10 ref., ISBN 2-87112-038-2 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-37-0 (nld) (In Dutch, French)

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Booklet providing basic advice on how to integrate a hygienic approach to one's private life as well as on the working premises. (66685)

CIS 96-502 General hygiene risks. (Spanish: Riesgos higiénicos generales) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (15min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

General rules on occupational hygiene. Routes of entry of pollutants. Collective and localized exhaust systems. Noise and protective means. (66994)

CIS 96-503 Safety, health and working conditions - Training manual. (Portuguese: Segurança, saúde e condições de trabalho - Manual de treinamento) International Labour Office (ILO), Joint Industrial Safety Council, P.O. Box 3208, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden, 1996. 120p. Illus. (In Portuguese)

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Translation into Portuguese of the training manual "Safety, Health and Working Conditions", published in English by the Joint Industrial Safety Council of Sweden (CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organization and working time; daily activity for safety, health and well-being. In appendix: checklist for improving safety, health and working conditions. (66491)

CIS 96-504 Spanish National Centre for Protective Measures. (Spanish: Centro Nacional de Medios de Protección) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027, Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (14min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

This video describes the functions of the National Centre for Protective Measures and how the laboratories for approval of personal and collective protective equipment operate. (66991)

CIS 96-505 Occupational safety and health in Vietnam. National Institute of Labour Protection (NILP), 1 Yet Kieu, Hanoi, Vietnam. Videotape. ### (In English)

Contents of this videotape: OSH system in Vietnam; legislation; preventive measures; role of the NILP. (67014)

CIS 96-506 Posters. (French: Affiches; German: Plakate; Italian: Affissi) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Sep. 1995. 45p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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The SUVA posters listed in this brochure are classified under 3 major headings: safety at work and health protection (personal protective equipment; falls; toxic substances and gases; ladders and hand tools; traffic and transport; maintenance; ergonomics; drug addiction prevention; construction; forestry; miscellaneous); leisure safety (sports; D.I.Y. (handiwork) and gardening); safety signs (ladders; eyes; hearing; poisonous substances; alcohol; SUVA). The catalogue includes pictures of the posters and signs as well as reference numbers for ordering purposes and an order form. (66941)

CIS 96-507 First aid (Artificial respiration). (Spanish: Primeros auxilios (Respiración artificial)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (10min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Causes of cardiac or respiratory arrest. Basic revival techniques: artificial respiration and heart massage carried out by one or two people. (66995)

CIS 96-508 First aid (haemorrhages). (Spanish: Primeros auxilios (Hemorragias)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (13min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

In the case of haemorrhage emergencies, rapid first aid action can be decisive. This video shows the way to stem a haemorrhage depending on where it is located, application of a tourniquet and urgent transport of the injured person. (66996)

CIS 96-509 Occupational first aid - I. Activation of the emergency system (PAS). (Spanish: Socorrismo laboral - I. Activación del sistema de emergencia (PAS)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (10min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

Both during leisure time and at work, for one reason or another, situations arise that can lead to accidents. When this happens, the intervention of a first-aid specialist can be vital in saving the life of an accident victim. Sometimes, activating the medical emergency system alone is enough to avoid secondary risks that could produce further victims, or cause further injuries to or worsen the condition of the accident victim. The aim of this video is to give information as to what one should do at the scene of an accident immediately following its occurrence. (67005)

CIS 96-510 Farmwise: Your guide to health and safety. (Welsh: Ffermio diogel: Eich canllaw i iechyd a diogelwch) Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iii, 36p. Illus. 45 ref. Price: GBP 3.50., ISBN 0-7176-0839-5 (In Welsh)

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Translation into Welsh of a training booklet originally published in English in 1993 (see CIS 93-1246). It describes in straightforward terms the principles of health and safety on the farm. Contents: compliance with the law; safe use of machines; transport and handling of materials; farm forestry operations; safe use of electricity; guarding against fire and explosion; maintenance work; protective clothing and equipment; child safety; avoiding health problems; livestock hazards; safe use of chemicals; dangers of noise; exposure to dust and fumes; risk assessment; caring for the working environment; accidents and emergencies; legislation. (66725)

CIS 96-511 Car repair shops. (Spanish: Talleres de reparación de automóviles) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (14min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Electrical installations, location of tools, transport of heavy components, exhaust fume extraction, etc., are some of the structural measures that need to be worked on in order to avoid occupational accidents. Recommendations to be followed in chassis repair work, mechanical and electrical faults, bodywork, painting, welding and scrapping. (67001)

CIS 96-512 Electric welding. (Spanish: Soldadura eléctrica) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (17min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

Description of coated electrode arc welding and gas-shielded automatic welding systems. Effects stemming from ultraviolet radiation, fumes and gases released during the welding process. Pollutant control systems and description of personal and collective protective gear. (67002)

CIS 96-513 Oxyacetylene welding and flame cutting. (Spanish: Soldadura oxiacetilénica y oxicorte) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (17min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Description of the elements forming oxyacetylene and flame-cutting equipment: gas bottles, pressure adjusters, blow torches and rubbers. Assembly process and typical risks involved in this work and the preventive measures that should be observed. (67003)

CIS 96-514 You're part of the team: Risk assessment in construction. Workcare, Freepost CN 3145, P.O. Box 889, Mitcham, Surrey CR4 4YZ, United Kingdom, no date. Videotape (length: 22min) + trainer's guide. Price: GBP 325.00 + VAT. ### (In English)

This training package shows the role of designers, management and workers in risk assessment at all phases of a construction project. The provisions of relevant legislation, including those of the British Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CIS 95-13), are discussed. (67017)

CIS 96-515 Safety tips for professional drivers. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1993. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safe driving practices: having a positive safety attitude; knowledge of vehicle and driving conditions; using proper judgment; proper driving actions; keeping fit for driving. (66986)

CIS 96-516 Beverage manufacturing. (Spanish: Fabricación de bebidas) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (16min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

This videotape is concerned with the most common risks in the beverage manufacturing industry: machinery; cuts, both in the upper and lower limbs, due to the glass containers used in the industry; electrical risks; inhalation of carbon dioxide; exposure to noise; reception and despatch of merchandise. It also deals with preventive measures. (67010)

CIS 96-517 The fish-canning industry. (Spanish: Industrias de conservas de pescado) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (15min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

By going through the different processes and tasks in the canning, semi-preserved and frozen fish industries, the most important working conditions are shown, as are the major hazards arising from the use of machinery and tools, installations, manual handling of loads and ergonomic conditions of the workstations. (67013)

CIS 96-518 Introduction to professional foodservice. Rande W.L., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1996. x, 285p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-471-57746-4 (In English)

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This training manual provides an introduction to food-service management. Health and safety aspects include: sanitation in food-service operations (legal aspects, role of inspectors, controlling the growth of bacteria, causes of food-borne illness, assessment and control of hazards); safety and cleaning (causes of accidents, safety management programme, responsibilities of employees and management, implementation of a cleaning programme). (66454)

CIS 96-519 Occupational safety in sewage treatment plants. (French: La sécurité dans les stations d'épuration des eaux usées; German: Sichere Kläranlagen für Abwasser; Italian: Impianti di depurazione acque sicuri) von Däniken F., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Mar. 1994. 24p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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Main contents of this training brochure on the sources of mechanical hazards associated with control procedures and construction in sewage treatment plants (the chemical aspects of this type of plant are dealt with in CNA publication ref. 66055 concerning the safety of biogaz installations, CIS 94-1544); general purpose of safety; general requirements relating to technical installations and equipment; safety devices in sewage treatment plants; building components for normal operating procedures; building components for specific operating procedures; complementary information. (66947)

CIS 96-520 Baker's asthma - Does it have to be?. (French: L'asthme du boulanger - une fatalité?; German: Bäckerasthma - muss das sein?) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1995. 39p. Illus. 12 ref. (In French, German)

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Contents of this training brochure designed for people working in bakeries and pastry shops: control of dust exposure (behaviour, equipment and machinery, layout, ventilation); screening of applicants (career choice or assignment to a specific location in the plant); diseases due to flour (flour rhinitis, baker's asthma, flour asthma); action the physician can take in case of diseases caused by flour; insurance legislation; list of protective masks, filters for exhaust systems; legal framework in Switzerland. (66948)

CIS 96-521 Visual display units. (Spanish: Pantallas de visualización de datos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (8min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

The widespread use of VDUs has led to a change in working conditions. This video looks at factors such as: luminance; workplace lighting, working posture, lack of communication, etc. (67000)

CIS 96-522 The application of information technology to safety training. Slaven G., Boyle J., Charnley L., Hunt A., Murton B., Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 132p. approx. 80 ref. Price: GBP 30.00., ISBN 0-7176-1073-X (In English)

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Interviews were conducted with onshore training managers in operating and drilling companies, plus training providers and trainees on current and likely future information technology (IT) products such as computer-based training (CBT) programmes. The survey revealed a heavy reliance on conventional instructor-presented training. Few IT applications were being used with the exception of videos. This situation is changing as 9 of the 15 oil and gas companies surveyed were considering or had purchased a CBT system for permits-to-work training. A majority of trainees that underwent CBT were satisfied with the speed and content of the training they received. In the total sample, of those who had experienced both CBT and conventional training, the majority preferred CBT as a highly effective means of delivering safety-related training. Although CBT is not appropriate for all safety-related topics, its ultimate success depends on a number of factors not all related to the specific technology. Among these: credibility of the system provider, system design, interest and motivation of trainees, and management commitment. (66921)

CIS 96-523 Work at video display terminals. (French: Le travail à l'écran de visualisation) Lips W., Weickhardt U., Buchberger J., Krueger H., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Dec. 1994. 72p. Illus. 13 ref. (In French)

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Main contents of this training brochure dealing with work on visual display units: general (ergonomics, lighting, luminance, visual acuity, accommodation, eye movements); components and requirements of work on a visual display unit (screen size, keyboard, mouse, etc.); layout of workplaces with visual display units (lighting of premises, requirements, reflexion, keyboard, desk and seat, etc.); software (coding, communication, interfacing, etc.); medical aspects (radiation, heat, ophthalmological and orthopedic considerations, etc.); psychological aspects and work organization (anxiety, psychosocial stress factors, etc.); checklists (for practical purposes, for the selection of a VDU, for the selection of furniture, etc.); information and counselling; equipment. Replaces the 1991 edition (CIS 91-1825). (66949)

CIS 96-524 Local exhaust ventilation. (Spanish: Ventilación por extracción localizada) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (12min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

Many industrial processes pollute the working environment, producing dust, fog, fumes and vapours that may seriously affect the health of workers. In order to eliminate these harmful products from the working area, it is necessary to install local exhaust systems which collect the pollutant at the source, thus preventing its dispersion. Advice and guidelines are given on the design and installation of these complex systems. (67007)

CIS 96-525 Health protection during pulverization with spray guns - Two-component polyurethane varnishes. (French: Protection de la santé lors de la pulvérisation au pistolet - Vernis polyuréthane à deux composants; German: Gesundheitsschutz beim Spritzen: Zweikomponenten-Polyurethanlacke) Rossinelli L., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1st ed., Nov. 1995. 7p. Illus. (In French, German)

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Practical guide to protective measures during the use of spray guns using two-component polyurethane varnishes. Isocyanate-based hardeners are used for the treatment of this kind of varnish. These hardeners are highly reactive chemicals that can cause serious health damage in the case of exposure. Main points covered: polyurethane varnishes; health hazards; protective measures; observations (in particular, legislation in effect in Switzerland, respecting warning labels, first-aid measures in case of accidental exposure). (66340)

CIS 96-526 What you should know about the COSHH regulations. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the application in the workplace of the British Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (CIS 95-19): hazard assessment; control measures; employers' duties; proper use of labels; instruction and training programmes; other protective measures. Test for self assessment. (66982)

CIS 96-527 Cytostatic drugs (Safe handling during preparation). (Spanish: Fármacos citostáticos (Manejo seguro en la reconstitución)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (16min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

This videotape considers the following aspects concerning the preparation of cytostatic drugs: handling and risks; prevention of contamination of the drug and safety of personnel; work protocols and techniques for hospital centres; required equipment and personal protective gear; newly-developed equipment for increasing safety and simplifying working techniques. (67009)

CIS 96-528 Isocyanates. (Spanish: Isocianatos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (9min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Isocyanates are chemical substances used in many industrial processes. They form the basis for different products: foams, varnishes, paints, resins, flexible and rigid artificial fibres, etc. The products obtained are generically known as polyurethanes. This video shows some of the better-known processes and comments on the risks arising from exposure to isocyanates and the preventive measures for their control. (67012)

CIS 96-529 Health risks in pesticide formulation facilities. (Spanish: Riesgos para la salud en plantas de formulación de plaguicidas) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1994. 177p. Illus. 27 ref., ISBN 84-7425-391-8 (In Spanish)

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Training guide to the safe formulation of pesticides. Contents: generalities; types of pesticides (by application, specific effect, acute toxicity, chemical group); health hazards; relevant standards in Spain and the European Communities and exposure limits; formulation of pesticides; study of current conditions in pesticide formulation facilities; results of the study: the questionnaire study, control of hygienic conditions (ventilation, personal protection), final products (active ingredients, toxicological categories, chemical groups, toxicity, pesticidal properties, physical state of the product, labelling, formulation procedures); basic safety procedures. (66659)

CIS 96-530 Handling pesticides. (Spanish: Manejo de plaguicidas) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (16min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Contents of this video: definition of pesticides; recommendation for use; how they enter the human organism; transport and storage; preparation and application; what to do in the case of poisoning. (66997)

CIS 96-531 Use of isocyanates in flexible foam production facilities and their effects on health. (Spanish: Utilización de isocianatos en empresas de espumación flexible y su repercusión sobre la salud) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1993. 106p. Illus. 37 ref., ISBN 84-7425-380-2 (In Spanish)

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Training guide to the protection of workers against exposure to isocyanates in flexible foam production facilities. Contents: characteristics of toluene diisocyanates (TDIs) (identification, physical and chemical properties); manufacturing of flexible foams using TDIs; criteria of measurement; analysis of the effects of TDIs on the respiratory system; hypothesis and aims of a study on the effects of TDIs; material and methods of the study (population and controls chosen, design, data collection, variables studied); statistical analysis and results of the study; discussion and conclusions; recommendations for prevention of exposure. In annex: medical questionnaire used in the study. (66660)

CIS 96-532 Risks in the chemical industry. (Spanish: Riesgos en la industria química) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (12min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

General measures designed to prevent occupational hazards and disease. Safety installations and personal and collective protective equipment. (66992)

CIS 96-533 Poisoning and explosion hazards in motor car repair workshops, garages and car-wash tunnels. (French: Risques d'intoxication et d'explosion dans les ateliers de réparation d'automobiles, dans les garages et dans les tunnels de lavage; German: Vergiftungs- und Explosionsgefahren in Autoreparaturwerkstätten, Autoeinstellräumen und Autowaschstrassen; Italian: Rischi di intossicazione e di esplosione nelle officine di riparazione automobili, nelle autorimesse e nelle corsie di lavaggio automobili) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Jan. 1992. No.114, 34p. Illus. Gratis. (In French, German, Italian)

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This booklet (previous version, see CIS 74-1764) deals principally, in its first part, with the poisoning hazards of exhaust gases from running engines (composition of exhaust gases, carbon monoxide toxicology and monitoring, ventilation, etc.). The hazards inherent in cleaning engines and engine parts with soluble oils, petrol or chlorinated hydrocarbons and in operating car-wash tunnels are also discussed. The second part deals with explosion hazards and their causes (ignition of air/petrol mixtures by electrical installations, welding, heating or naked flame). Explosive mixtures are especially liable to accumulate in motor-car repair pits. (66945)

CIS 96-534 Gas cylinders. (Spanish: Botellas de gases a presión) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (12min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Videotape on the safe handling of gas cylinders. (67011)

CIS 96-535 Hazard identification and risk assessment. Wells G., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 302p. Illus. 21 ref. Index., ISBN 0-85295-353-4 (In English)

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This manual describes ways of carrying out hazard analysis in the process industries, with reference to the way in which major incidents develop. Contents: introduction to hazards and risk; concept hazard analysis; preliminary process hazard analysis; critical examination of system safety; hazard and operability studies (Hazop); fault tree analysis; task analysis and human factors; task analysis and hazard identification; risk criteria; risk assessment. In appendices; development of piping and instrumentation diagrams; Hazcheck listing; example of a Hazop study. (66672)

CIS 96-536 About electrical safety at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on electrical safety, including the prevention of fires due to electrical faults. Test for self assessment. (66981)

CIS 96-537 Electrical risks. (Spanish: Riesgos eléctricos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (19min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

General regulations for the prevention of accidents when using electric power. Description of protected installations and safety systems and components, with examples from laboratories. (66993)

CIS 96-538 Noise. (Spanish: El ruido) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (16min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Noise as an aggressive and polluting agent in everyday life: characteristics; propagation; levels and frequencies; occupational hearing loss; preventive measures to avoid or reduce the harmful effects of noise on the human organism. (66998)

CIS 96-539 Transportation of irradiation equipment for non-destructive testing. (French: Transport d'unités d'irradiation pour les essais non destructifs; German: Transport von Bestrahlungseinheiten für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung) Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Mar. 1992. 20p. Illus. (In French, German)

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This training brochure provides details on the transportation of irradiation equipment as used for non-destructive material testing. It summarizes the major safety measures that ought to be taken by people in charge of these operations in Switzerland. (66946)

CIS 96-540 The danger zone: Mechanical handling in construction. Workcare, Freepost CN 3145, P.O. Box 889, Mitcham, Surrey CR4 4YZ, United Kingdom, no date. Videotape (length: 22min) + trainer's guide. Price: GBP 345.00 + VAT. ### (In English)

This training package shows the principles of safe mechanical handling on construction sites. (67016)

CIS 96-541 Manual handling of loads. (Spanish: Manejo manual de cargas) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (13min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

This video shows different factors that could entail a risk in the manual handling of loads, such as the characteristics of the load, the necessary physical effort, the demands of the job, characteristics of the working environment and personal risk factors. All these factors must be borne in mind when evaluating workplaces involving manual handling of loads. Preventive measures are proposed in order of priority, starting with proper design of the workplace which either avoid the manual handling of loads or which render this a hazard-free activity. A series of practical tips are given on how to lift any load. (67006)

CIS 96-542 Moving people safely. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the safe movement of people in the health-care professions. Test for self assessment. (66983)

CIS 96-543 About using hoists. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the safe use of hoists for the movement of patients. Test for self assessment. (66984)

CIS 96-544 Prevention of back pain in nursing. (Spanish: Prevención del dolor de espalda en el cuidado de enfermos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (13min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

This videotape provides an overview of the essential movements in nursing work and in particular, of the moving and transporting of patients. The knowledge gained will prevent the nurse from developing back pain, allowing him or her to economize on effort, be more self-sufficient and have greater work capacity. (67004)

CIS 96-545 About shiftwork safety and health. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the safety and health aspects of shiftwork: adjustment to different biological rhythms; getting enough sleep; avoidance of stimulants or sleeping pills; safety consciousness; sensible working practices; proper eating habits; safe commuting (driving or using public transportation); importance of social life. (66985)

CIS 96-546 Safety signs. (Spanish: Señalización) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (16min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In Spanish)

Factors determining the effectiveness of adequate safety signs. Optical, acoustic, olfactory and tactile stimuli are combined for fast and easy understanding of the message. (66999)

CIS 96-547 Human error. (Portuguese: O erro humano) Faria M.G.L., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho, Pr. de Alvalade 1, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal, 1994. 23p. 5 ref., ISBN 972-704-124-8 (In Portuguese)

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Introductory manual on the role of human error in accident causation. It covers: definition of human error; causes of human error; error analysis; classification of human errors (errors of omission, execution, derivation, sequence and lateness; other classificatory schemes); management and neutralization of errors. (66652)

CIS 96-548 Stress at work: Causes, effects and prevention - A guide for small and medium sized enterprises. Kompier M., Levi L., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. 72p. 21 ref. Price: ECU 8.50., ISBN 92-826-8594-2 (In English)

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Guide to occupational stress in small and medium-sized enterprises within the European Union. It may be suitable for the training of management staff and workers' representatives in the way stress-related problems are treated. Contents: definition of stress; vulnerable portions of the workforce; reasons for stress monitoring; instruments for stress monitoring at the enterprise level; stress prevention at work. In appendices: checklists and questionnaires. (66730)

CIS 96-549 On one hand. On the other hand. Everything you need to know on alcohol and other addictive substances in the workplace. (French: D'une part. D'autre part: Tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur l'alcool et les autres substances engendrant la dépendance au poste de travail; German: Einerseits. Andererseits. Klartext über Alkohol und andere Suchtmittel am Arbeitsplatz; Italian: Da una parte. D'altra parte. Tutto quello che si deve sapere sull'alcol e sulle sostanze che generano dipendenza nel posto di lavoro) Institut suisse de prévention de l'alcoolisme et autres toxicomanies, Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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Training brochure designed to increase awareness of addictive behaviour in the workplace. Main contents: addictive substances and their effects; occupational risks associated with addiction; too much is too much; no gossiping, let's talk openly about it; help rather than rejection. Appendices: 12 illustrative posters in A4, A3 and B4 format: "12 good reasons to stop drinking as of today". (66942)

CIS 96-550 Integrate rather than exclude. Alcohol and other addictive substances in the workplace. (French: Intégrer plutôt qu'exclure. Alcool et autres substances engendrant la dépendance au poste de travail; German: Eingrenzen statt ausgrenzen. Alkohol und andere Suchtmittel am Arbeitsplatz; Italian: Integrare invece di emarginare, Alcol e altre sostanze che generano dipendenza sul posto di lavoro) Institut suisse de prévention de l'alcoolisme et autres toxicomanies, Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Oct. 1993. 20p. Illus. 4 ref. (In French, German, Italian)

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Main contents of this training brochure on the management and prevention of addictive behaviour in the workplace: basic information: why do people turn their backs when addictive substances are being discussed; substances concerned and their effects; accidents and absences; legislative aspects in Switzerland; how much is too much, potential remedial measures: what to do to deal with the situation; prevention programmes in enterprises; useful addresses. (66943)

CIS 96-551 Psychosocial factors at work and their relationship to health. (Spanish: Los factores psicosociales en el trabajo y su relación con la salud) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, ediciones y Publicaciones, C/ Torrelaguna, 73-28027 Madrid, Spain. PAL videotape (13min). Price: ESP 3000 + VAT. ### (In English, Spanish)

In order to improve working conditions it is necessary to take account of psychosocial factors, which can jeopardize the health of workers and, therefore, the company's output. This video aims to give an overview on how, by means of adequate organizational policy and the setting up of appropriate information channels, one can facilitate communication with and participation of workers in order to substantially reduce risks. (67008)

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CIS 96-552 Occupational hazards in the construction industry. Statistics. (French: Les risques professionnels dans le BTP. Statistiques) Travail et sécurité, Sep. 1995, No. 540, p.480-483. Illus. (In French)

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Extracts from the occupational accident and disease statistics for 1992 collected in France. Tables show the distribution of accidents by frequency, severity, age of victim, site of injury and principal causes. The number of lost-work-time accidents has dropped, as have the severity index and the number of deaths. Construction industry workers represent one case of occupational disease in four. Figures are given for the principal causes, consequences and costs of occupational diseases. (66305)

CIS 96-553 Safety monitors. (French: Les contrôleurs de sécurité) Ferrier V., Travail et sécurité, Nov. 1995, No. 542, p.580-590. Illus (In French)

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Description via examples of the three principal missions of the safety monitor (contrôleur de sécurité), who has the central role in matters of safety in French enterprises: monitoring safety conditions, providing advice and supplying safety training. (66307)

CIS 96-554 Accident investigation and analysis: How to discover the how and why of accidents. (French: L'enquête et l'analyse des accidents - Découvrir le comment et le pourquoi des accidents) Bigaouette M., Objectif prévention, 1995, Vol.18, No.1, p.11-25. Illus. (In French)

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This article surveys the questions to be covered after an accident in order to identify its causes. In particular, it deals with the steps to take during accident investigation and analysis (AIA), with the standardization of accident analysis and with accidental occurrences (other than accidents) that should also be investigated. Individual articles deal with: occurrences that should be subject to AIA; investigative steps during accident analysis; detailed accident investigation; ways to understand how successive "normal" events can result in an accident. (66691)

CIS 96-555 Communication of risk information to workers and managers: Do industrial hygienists differ in their communication techniques?. McMahan S., Meyer J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.186-190. 13 ref. (In English)

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A survey of 138 industrial hygienists in California, USA, highlighted differences in the methods used to communicate occupational health risks to workers and to managers. Simplified language and media were used for workers and scientific language and media for managers. Hygienists with more experience in their field and those who had attended risk communication workshops were more effective when communicating risks to workers. Components used in the risk communication process are discussed along with the influence of organizational and attitudinal factors on this process. (66779)

CIS 96-556 Project of a system for the reporting of occupational data on the health monitoring of workers exposed to lead, asbestos and noise (Decree 277/91, art. 4-21-35-49). (Italian: Schema progettuale di sistema informativo per la registrazione dei dati inerenti i levelli di esposizione e la sorveglianza sanitaria dei lavoratori esposti a piombo, amianto e rumore (D.Leg 277/91, artt. 4-21-35-49)) Scarselli R., Nesti M., Perticaroli S., Marconi M., Benvenuti F., Azzaretto E., Camillucci L., Fogli d'informazione ISPESL, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.7, No.1 (Supplement), p.1-64. (In Italian)

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The Italian Superior Institute for Prevention and Work Safety (ISPESL) describes in this study a project for data collection on the health monitoring of workers exposed to lead, asbestos and noise. Appropriate questionnaires for risk assessment have been devised and are described. This is being performed because of the requirements of Italian Decree 277/91 (CIS 93-1404). The target is to build up an Italian national registry like those already existing in Finland, the US and the UK. (66930)

CIS 96-557 Success or fictitious effects?. (German: Erfolge oder Scheineffekte?) Lenz R.R., Sicherheitsingenieur, Oct. 1995, Vol.26, No.10, p.32-38. Illus. (In German)

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The effects of nine different films to promote the use of safety gloves, safety spectacles and safety shoes on more than 2,000 employees were determined. The films used different approaches to get the message across: they informed, appealed to emotions and stressed the benefits of remaining healthy and uninjured. The films were presented in two ways: they were shown continuously at a location which was frequently passed by employees or they were presented formally in a classroom. The films did increase the use of personal protective equipment. The extent of the increase depended on the approach and presentation. (66858)

CIS 96-558 Sectoral statistics 1993. A drop in occupational accidents. (French: Les statistiques technologiques 1993. Recul des accidents du travail) Travail et sécurité, Nov. 1995, No. 542, p.591-597. Illus. (In French)

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Sectoral statistics show a sharp drop in the number of occupational accidents in France from 1992 to 1993 in terms of lost-work-time accidents (-9.9%), serious accidents (-14.4%) and fatal accidents (-16.5%). Tables showing the evolution from 1992 to 1993 of on-the-job, commuting and fatal accidents and certain occupational diseases are presented with commentaries; fatality data from earlier years are also given. Graphs show the frequency of lost-work-time accidents, degree of temporary and permanent disability and frequency of permanent disability. The distribution of 1993 accidents by sector is also shown. (66308)

CIS 96-559 Survey of working conditions in 1994 - Activities of the High Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks. Priority actions for the prevention of occupational hazards. 1995 Programme. (French: Bilan des conditions de travail 1994. Activité du Conseil supérieur de la prévention des risques professionnels. Actions prioritaires en matière de prévention des risques professionnels. Programme 95) Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1995, No.61, p.25-35 and p.37-39. Illus. (In French)

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This document reproduces excerpts from the chapter "Examination of working conditions 1994" of the Annual Report of the French Higher Council for the Prevention of Occupational Risks devoted to the Council's activities in occupational medicine. Work carried out by various committees in 1994 is presented, followed by an overview of its general policies (prevention of risks in the construction industry, prevention of risks related to manual handling, prevention of risks of exposure to asbestos) and of the action programme for 1995 (work equipment, protection of workers in precarious employment, industrial medicine). (66693)

CIS 96-560 Communication of national legislation transposing the Community Directives relating to the health and safety of workers at work: The situation to date. Janus, 1995, Vol.III, No.21, p.28. (In English)

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Tabular presentation of the status of transposition of 18 OSH-related European Community Directives into the national legislation of 15 Member States, as of 7 Dec. 1995. The highest level of adoption was that by the Netherlands (17 Directives adopted), while the lowest was that by Spain (4 adopted). (66722)

CIS 96-561 Occupational and environmental health policy: The sanitary inspection in the conditions of social and economic transformation in Poland. Skowrońska R., Dawydzik L.T., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.7, No.3, p.221-224. Illus. ### (In English)

State of medical labour inspection in Poland in recent years, taking into consideration the emergence of many small privately-owned companies. (67060)

CIS 96-562 A classification scheme for aggregating U.S. census occupation and industry codes. Schnitzer P.G., Teschke K., Olshan A.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.185-191. 3 ref. (In English)

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An occupational classification scheme was developed for use in a study of paternal occupation and risk of birth defects. The scheme aggregates workers into 56 occupational categories according to work activities and potential exposures. The categories are listed along with the U.S. occupation and industry codes included in each group. The strategy, based on a similar scheme developed in Canada, may be used in studies of the health effects of occupations. The limitations of the scheme are discussed. (66503)

CIS 96-563 Effect of recall period on the reporting of occupational injuries among older workers in the Health and Retirement Study. Zwerling C., Sprince N.L., Wallace R.B., Davis C.S., Whitten P.S., Heeringa S.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.28, No.5, p.583-590. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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Data on occupational injuries were analyzed for 7,049 subjects aged 51-61 years selected from a 1992 study on health and retirement which used a one-year recall period. A model of occupational injury rate as a function of time before the interview was developed. Based on a four-week recall period, the adjusted occupational injury rate was 36% higher than the rate based on a one-year recall period. Adjustment for recall period had less effect on the rate ratios of these injuries for nine risk factors studied. Results suggest that self-reported surveys with longer recall periods may be used to estimate occupational injury rates. (66668)

CIS 96-564 Research needs for health and safety of workers during decommissioning and removal of fixed offshore installations. Street R., Mirzoeff J., Health and Safety Executive, Offshore Technology Report, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 61p. 49 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1039-X (In English)

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A study was carried out to identify research needs in connection with the safe abandonment (decommissioning and removal) of fixed offshore installations in the UK sector of the West European Continental Shelf. The report concludes that as there is insufficient experience of the removal of large structures relevant to this area of the North Sea, some additional research into safety aspects is needed. Recommendations on research needs are presented in the areas of: explosives and other cutting methods; lifting; toppling; concrete and other gravity-based structures; remote handling; phased abandonment; management. (66370)

CIS 96-565 25 years ISSA Section Chemistry. (French: 25 ans AISS Comité Chimie; Spanish: 25 años del Comité de Química de la AISS) International Social Security Association (ISSA), International Section for the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Chemical Industry, Kurfürsten Anlage 62, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany, 1995. 79p. Illus. ### (In English, French, German, Spanish)

Main contents of this brochure published on the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the International Section of the ISSA for the Prevention of Occupational Risks due to electricity: structure of the ISSA; the Section Chemistry; Employment Accident Insurance Fund for the Chemical Industry; Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund; French National Research and Safety Institute; the history of Section Chemistry; tasks of the Chemistry Section; "permanent committees"; Standing Orders; members of the Section; permanent working groups; members of the Bureau; events of the Section; brochures of the Section; the ISSA sections. (67025)

CIS 96-566 What every manager needs to know about health and safety. Akass R., Gower Publishing Ltd, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hampshire, GU11 3HR, United Kingdom, 1994. xv, 272p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 16.95., ISBN 0-566-07734-5 (In English)

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This manual provides guidance on the main statutory health and safety requirements in the United Kingdom and the European Union. Contents: the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (see CIS 74-2099); organizing for health and safety; company safety policy; health and safety monitoring; inspection, prosecution and sanctions; safety representatives and safety committees; contractors; health and safety training; accident reporting; Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1989 (COSHH, CIS 89-1092); fire precautions; first aid; regulations giving effect to European Union directives concerning health and safety management, display screen equipment, workplace health, safety and welfare, manual handling operations, personal protective equipment, provision and use of work equipment, and the construction industry. (66464)

CIS 96-567 How occupational accidents and diseases are reported in the European Community. (French: La déclaration des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles dans les pays de la Communauté européenne) Clarke R., Glendon I., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1988. 51p. Illus. 19 ref. Price: ECU 4.60., ISBN 92-825-7575-6 (En), ISBN 92-825-7576-4 (fr) (In English, French)

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Survey of the reporting systems used for occupational accidents and diseases in the 12 countries that formed the European Community in 1988: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany (Fed.Rep. only), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom. The following aspects of reporting are covered: use of statistics; accident reporting (which accidents have to be reported, to whom and how, recording and analysis of data); reporting of occupational diseases (which diseases need to be reported, reporting procedures, under-reporting); specific examples (fatal accidents, falls from heights, occupational deafness, asbestos-related diseases); harmonization of reporting procedures within the community. In addition to English and French, this document is also available in Danish, Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. (66729)

CIS 96-568 Trade union training in health and safety - A survey of European practice in training for workers' representatives. Raulie A., Walters D., European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety, Bd. Emile Jacqmain 155, 1210 Brussels, Nov. 1995. 147p. Bibl.ref. Price: BEF 800.00., ISBN 2-930003-16-2 (In English)

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This study summarizes the findings of a European survey of trade union health and safety training provision. National reports are presented for Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Aspects covered include: trade union health and safety policy; organization of trade union health and safety training; content and structure of training; training objectives; workers' representation in health and safety; standards; evaluation and follow-up. Case-studies of training schemes are included. Response to the survey showed that training in health at work issues was a priority concern of many trade union organizations. (66782)

CIS 96-569 An investigative approach to industrial hygiene: Sleuth at work. Levin L., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Ave., New York NY 10003, USA; Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom, 1996. xiii, 274p. Illus. Index. Price (in Europe): GBP 29.95., ISBN 0-442-01925-4 (In English)

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This monograph constitutes an anecdotal and investigative approach to industrial hygiene, particularly as practised in the US. Contents: evolution of the profession (early history, chimney sweeps and the conquest of communicable diseases, the struggle for a safe and healthy workplace, the legal framework and current trends); 12 detailed case studies illustrating the painstaking detective work needed in many cases in order to diagnose the true source of industrial hygiene problems; the special case of workers who willingly assume greater than normal risks in the course of practising their profession (cosmetologists and firefighters). (66390)

CIS 96-570 The regulation of health and safety in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy - with a supplement on recent developments in the Netherlands. Martin A.B., Linehan A.J., Whitehouse I., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 279p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 60.00., ISBN 0-7176-1013-6 (In English)

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This report examines in detail the health and safety organization, including legislation and its implementation, in five Member States of the European Union (Denmark, France, Germany, Spain and Italy), with a special supplement on recent developments in a sixth (the Netherlands). Certain related issues (employment conditions, environmental control, shipping) are also covered in some cases. Topics covered under country headings (where relevant): the institutional framework (national or regional), legislation, the social partners, workmen's compensation, labour inspection, OSH research institutes, the working environment, occupational health services, environmental control, special industrial areas (offshore installations, mining, agriculture, transportation, nuclear safety). Annexes for each country cover: structure of organizations participating in OSH matters; statistical summaries on occupational accidents and diseases; list of people interviewed for the report. (66397)

CIS 96-571 Improved coverage and relevance of national occupational health and safety surveillance in Australia. Macaskill P., Mandryk J., Leigh J., National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Aug. 1995. vi, 73p. 99 ref., ISBN 0-642-24426-X (In English)

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This report describes the current procedures used in Australia for occupational health and safety surveillance by means of data collection and analysis. Major current and proposed data sources are described along with methods for obtaining estimates of the extent of occupational disorders. Strategies for making more effective use of the available data are outlined. Recommendations are made concerning the use of Worksafe Australia's National Data Set for Compensation-based Statistics, developing additional data sources and the dissemination of surveillance results. (66479)

CIS 96-572 Understanding New South Wales occupational health and safety legislation. Marks F., CCH Australia Ltd., Cnr Talavera & Khartoum Roads, P.O. Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, 2nd ed., July 1994. viii, 192p. Index. Price: AUD 55.00., ISBN 1-86264-635-X (In English)

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This manual provides the text of and comment on the New South Wales Occupational Health and Safety Act 1983 (CIS 90-1407) and Regulations made under it (CIS 92-710 et al.). Topics covered: general provisions relating to health, safety and welfare at work (duties of employers, the self-employed, manufacturers and others, health and safety committees, notification of accidents and other matters, appointment and powers of inspectors); associated health and safety legislation concerning factories, shops and industries, construction safety, mining, dangerous goods, rural workers accommodation; formulation of industry codes of practice and regulations; procedure for offences against the Act. A number of judicial decisions are included. (66767)

CIS 96-573 Labour administration in the People's Republic of China. Ministry of Labour, 12 He Ping Li Zhongjie, Beijing 100716, China, 1993. 90p. Illus. (In Chinese, English)

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This report describes the role and functions of the Chinese Ministry of Labour in the areas of: regulation and control; developing vocational skills; labour relations; social security; labour safety and health (elaborating policies, laws, regulations and technical standards, system of labour inspection); international cooperation and exchange; labour science research; and development of information systems. (66980)

CIS 96-574 Occupational health and safety: The experience according to age, Australia, 1992-93. Williams T., National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Nov. 1995. xviii, 96p. Illus. 5 ref., ISBN 0-644-45160-2 (In English)

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Workers' compensation data for 1992-93 are analyzed by industry, occupation, type of occurrence, duration of absence and cost for 5-year age groups. The 55 years and over group had the highest injury or disease incidence and frequency rates of all age groups. In terms of incidence rates, the most hazardous industries were agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (15-24 and 25-34 year olds), mining (35-44 and 45-54), and construction (55 and over). Most hazardous occupations were labourers and related workers (15-24, 25-34 and 35-44 year olds), and plant and machine operators (45-54 and 55 and over). The most frequent injury category for all groups was sprains and strains. (66374)

CIS 96-575 Strategy for the improvement of occupational safety and health and working conditions in Indonesia. ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1995. xlii, 129p. (In English)

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Report of an ILO advisory mission and proceedings of a national workshop held in Jakarta, 16-17 May 1995. The ILO report reviews the current status of occupational safety and health and working conditions in Indonesia and presents a programme of action for improving workers' welfare. The proposed strategy is based on: upgrading and effective enforcement of legislation; training, information and research; strengthening employers' and workers' organizations; and improving protection for the most vulnerable workers. Documents from the national workshop are included. Summary and recommendations in Indonesian. (66530)

CIS 96-576 The comprehensive guide to work injury management. Isernhagen S.J., Aspen Publishers, Inc., 7201 McKinney Circle, Frederick, MD 21701, USA, 1995. xxxii, 821p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 95.00., ISBN 0-8342-0558-0 (In English)

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This manual is in three parts. Part I - work injury prevention: ergonomics; role of the safety director; job analysis; prework screening; education on the control of back problems; establishing an industrial prevention programme; measurement and surveillance of carpal tunnel syndrome; industrial rehabilitation and the hand specialist. Part II - work injury management: on-site medical care and physical therapy impact; treatment for low back pain; returning injured workers to work; functional capacity evaluation; work rehabilitation. Part III - administrative concerns: developing occupational medicine programmes and systems; occupational health and rehabilitation programmes; risk management consulting; managed care and workers' compensation. (66667)

CIS 96-577 Report on activities - 1996 edition. (Dutch: Activiteitenverslag; French: Rapport d'activités. Edition 1996) Nationale vereniging tot voorkoming van arbeidsongevallen (NVVA), Gachardstraat 88, Bus 4, 1050 Brussel, Belgium, 1996. 24p. Illus. (In Dutch, French)

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The first chapter is devoted to an analysis of the statistical trends of the number (slightly decreasing) and costs (increasing) of registered occupational accidents over the period 1989-1994. A table gives the frequency and severity rates by major industry. The second chapter reviews Belgian safety and health policies pursued in 1995. The activities of ANPAT are described under the following headings: service information and documentation, publications, audiovisuals, studies and consultancy, training, financial resources of ANPAT, organization chart. (66688)

CIS 96-578 Comparative assessment of advanced techniques for the evaluation of confidence levels in calculated safety margins. Mitchell B.H., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 69p. 22 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1100-0 (In English)

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This report presents an evaluation of a mathematical technique known as the FORM/SORM method, used to quantify the confidence that a user may have in predictions of safety margins. The mathematical basis and areas of potential application of the method are reviewed and its performance in terms of speed, accuracy, reliability and generality is assessed in comparison with the Monte-Carlo technique. The assessment was carried out on five test problems including a numerical simulation of a hydrocarbon jet fire. It is concluded that the FORM/SORM method is sufficiently robust and efficient to be considered for use on a routine basis. (66789)

CIS 96-579 Health as productive potential - Occupational safety and health promotion in the context of social and corporate change. (German: Gesundheit als produktives Potential - Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitsförderung im gesellschaftlichen und betrieblichen Strukturwandel) Marstedt G., Mergner U., Edition Sigma, Karl-Marx-Strasse 17, 12043 Berlin, Germany, 1995. 208p. 145 ref. Price: DEM 24.80., ISBN 3-89404-393-8 (In German)

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Subjects covered: calculating the cost of accidents to society in general and to the individual company; cost-benefit analyses of safety programmes; present-day changes in enterprises, such as the increase in the number of women workers, highly educated employees and employees over 50yrs of age in the workforce, the use of new technologies such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and of management strategies such as lean production and team work and the impact on safety and health; safety and health problems in small and medium-sized enterprises. (66860)

CIS 96-580 Recognition and evaluation of hazards at work. (German: Erkennen und Beurteilen von Gefährdungen bei der Arbeit) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 275p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-89429-336-5 (In German)

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Proceedings of a symposium on the analysis of hazards encountered at work in Dortmund, Germany, on 23 and 24 March 1993. The papers presented at this conference addressed the following subjects: EC directives on occupational safety and conversion into German law; methods of hazard analysis; analysis of hazards which lead to occupational diseases using highway construction as an example; analysis of accident hazards within the construction industry, the production of gear boxes and the work of an engineer who has to design safe equipment; analysis of hazards in plants such as steelworks. (66906)

CIS 96-581 Annual report 1994 of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1995. x, 39 p. Price: ECU 7.00. ###, ISBN 92-827-4402-7 (In English)

This report provides an overview of the Foundation's activities in 1994. Project reference numbers are quoted to enable readers to consult further details in a separate supplement (WP/95/54/EN) which is available on request from the Foundation. Major projects related to OSH: the European Health and Safety Database (HASTE); European Survey on the working environment; the European working environment in figures; workplace assessment; European networks of product registers and registers of exposure; identification and assessment of occupational health strategies in Europe; assessing the benefits of stress prevention; ill-health and workplace absenteeism: initiatives for prevention; economic incentive models to improve the working environment in Europe; design for health; design for integration. (67024)

CIS 96-582 25 years ISSA Electricity Section. (French: 25 ans Comité AISS Electricité; Spanish: 25 años del Comité de Electricidad de la AISS) International Social Security Association (ISSA), International Section for the Prevention of Occupational Risks due to Electricity, Berufsgenossenschaft der Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik, Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 130, 50968 Köln, Germany, 1995. 47p. Illus. ### (In English, French, German, Spanish)

Main contents of this brochure issued on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the ISSA Electricity Section: the work of the Electricity Section of the ISSA (1970-1995); results of the Section's work (accident statistics; focal accident points; hazard limits of electricity; thermal hazards; cardiological problems due to electrical accidents; long-term consequences of electrical accidents; first aid; current-operated earth leakage circuit breakers; biological effects of electromagnetic fields; laser beams; ionizing radiation; basic and advanced training; occupational safety films; training programme in Kenya; international standardization. (67026)

CIS 96-583 Area site protection and detection. (French: Protection et détection périphériques des sites) CNPP, La Médiathèque du Risque, 5, rue Daunou, 75002 Paris, France, June 1994. 116p. Price: FRF 265.00. ### (In French)

Main issues dealt with at this meeting on area protection and detection in premises held in June 1994: relevance of area protection and detection; artificial and natural barriers; sensitive electrified fences, ground cables, pressure detectors; non-material, infrared, very-high-frequency, laser barriers; video surveillance; use of external detection devices; physical defences of sites; design of specifications by the user; built-in area protection and detection devices; treatment and use of information generated by internal systems (safety personal computer) or remote control systems (remote surveillance). (67028)

CIS 96-584 Preliminary analysis of safety management: Evaluation survey. (Spanish: Análisis preliminar de la gestión preventiva: cuestionarios de evaluación) Bestratén Belloví M., Gil Fisa A., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1993. 10p. (In Spanish)

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This information note presents a questionnaire survey for auditing safety management in enterprises. The areas analyzed are: role of management, safety planning, prevention professionals, workers' participation, training, information and basic preventive activities (accident statistics, accident investigation, risk analysis, emergency plan, personal protection). (66718)

CIS 96-585 Signpost to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1996. 8p. Illus. (In English)

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This leaflet provides brief guidance on the requirements of the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations (see CIS 96-392) which bring into force the EC Safety Signs Directive (92/58/EEC). Guidance is given on types of signs and when they are required, when existing signs need to be changed, duties of employers, fire safety signs and fire warning systems. Examples of commonly used signs are included. (66761)

CIS 96-586 Guideline on the involvement of industrial physicians and other safety specialists. (French: Directive relative à l'appel à des médecins du travail et autres spécialistes de la sécurité au travail; German: Richtlinie über den Beizug von Arbeitsärzten und anderen Spezialisten der Arbeitssicherheit; Italian: Direttiva concernente l'appello ai medici del lavoro e agli altri specialisti della sicurezza sul lavoro) Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit (EKAS), Richtlinienbüro, Fluhmattstrasse 1, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Aug. 1995. 23p. (In French, German, Italian)

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This directive on the role of occupational physicians and safety specialists in Switzerland explains how enterprises, while discharging their own duties, may involve occupational physicians and other safety specialists depending on the situation of the enterprise, its size, potential hazards and specific knowledge required. This process applies also for groups of enterprises and various industries. (66944)

CIS 96-587 Practical safety data sheet. Personal hygiene products in the work environment. (French: Fiche pratique de sécurité. Produits d'hygiène corporelle en milieu de travail) Pringalle C., Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1995, No.543, p.685-688. Illus. 4 ref. Also available as an offprint from the INRS. (In French)

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This data sheet presents the characteristics and conditions of use of the personal hygiene products that are most often used in the workplace (skin cleansers, soaps, handwashing detergents, antiseptics, protective creams), as well as ways of drying the hands after washing. (66952)

CIS 96-588 Legislation in practice - 7. Risk evaluation. (Dutch: Wetgeving in de praktijk: 7. Risico-evaluatie; French: Législation en pratique - 7. Evaluation du risque) De Greef M., De Gruyter R., Gebruers B., Heselmans M., Jacobs H., Van den Broek K., Eede Vanden R., Van der Steen M., Nationale verenining tot voorkoming van arbeidsongevallen (NVVA), Gachardstraat 88, Bus 4, 1050 Brussel, Belgium, 1995. 22p. 20 ref., ISBN 2-87112-036-6 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-36-2 (nl) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet contains recommendations to Belgian enterprises as to how to implement legislation concerning risk evaluation. Main topics covered: relevant European (89/391/EEC) and Belgian legislation (table presenting correspondences); practical implementation (generalities, a five-stage approach to risk evaluation). In annex: examples of potential hazards (work equipment, work habits, electricity, chemical hazards etc.); sample risk evaluation check list; survey of the main techniques used for hazard identification (safety audits, FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study), What-if, SWIFT (Structured What If Technique), Quantified Risk Assessment, TOR (Technique of Operations Review), Human Reliability Analysis, fault-tree analysis, MORT (Management Oversight and Risk Tree), STEP (Sequentially Timed Events Plotting)). (66339)

CIS 96-589 Legislation in practice - 8. The health and safety committee: Its role in prevention policy. (Dutch: Wetgeving in de praktijk - 8. Comité VGV: rol in het preventiebeleid; French: Législation en pratique - 8. Comité SHE: rôle dans la politique de prévention) Nationale vereniging tot voorkoming van arbeidsongevallen (NVVA), Gachardstraat 88, Bus 4, 1050 Brussel, Belgium, 1996. 23p. 16 ref., ISBN 2-87112-040-4 (fr), ISBN 90-70902-39-7 (nld) (In Dutch, French)

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This booklet provides Belgian enterprises with practical information as to how to implement legislation concerning the safety and health committee. The role of the committee is described with regards to the control of the hazard, the determination of the types of hazards, their evaluation and the setting up of measures to apply on a short, medium and long term basis, and the appraisal of their effects. Other requirements that the committee has to meet concerning information, cooperation with the occupational physicist, with the safety inspection and other safety experts or bodies are dealt with in detail. A separate chapter is devoted to its operation. Annexes: follow-up of the agenda items of a comittee's annual programme; summary of the legal provisions applying in Belgium to safety and health committees. (66684)

CIS 96-590 International code of ethics for occupational health professionals. (Portuguese: Código Internacional de ética para os Profissionais de Saúde Ocupacional) International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho, Pr. de Alvalade 1, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal, 1995. 42p. + poster. 15 ref., ISBN 972-8321-00-7 (In Portuguese)

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Translation into Portuguese of an International Code first issued by the ICOH in 1992 (see CIS 93-114). Duties and obligations of occupational health professionals: aims and advisory role; knowledge and expertise; development of a policy and a programme; emphasis on prevention and on prompt action; follow-up of remedial actions; safety and health information; commercial secrets; health surveillance; information to the worker; information to the employer; danger to a third party; biological monitoring and investigations; health promotion; protection of community and environment; contribution to scientific knowledge. Conditions of execution of functions: competence, integrity and impartiality; professional independence; equity, non-discrimination and communication; clause on ethics in contracts of employment; records; medical confidentiality; collective health data; relationships with health professionals; combatting abuses; relationships with social partners; promoting ethics and professional audit. (66654)

CIS 96-591 Rules concerning safety and health signals at work. (French: Signalisation de santé et de sécurité au travail - Réglementation) Menard A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Dec. 1994. 72p. Illus. Index. 36 ref., ISBN 2-7389-0342-8 (In French)

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New rules have come into effect in France on the utilization of warning signals concerning the protection of workers against safety and health hazards in the workplace. Such signals may use specific shapes and colours, sound or lights. This document lists all the relevant regulatory texts, including those found in the Labour Code, the Order of 4 Nov. 1993 (see CIS 94-1455) and more specific texts on obligatory signalling in certain situations. The target audience for the document consists of managers, safety officers, members of joint safety and health committees and construction foremen. (66751)

CIS 96-592 Nordtest register of test methods. Nordtest technical reports and general documents. Nordtest Secretariat, P.O. Box 116, 02151 Espoo, Finland, Jan. 1995. 107p. ### (In English)

Catalogue of all standards registered by the body responsible for harmonization of methods for determining the safety, quality and performance characteristics of products in the Nordic countries. (66990)

CIS 96-593 Logat 3 - Occupational accident management software. (French: Logat 3 - Logiciel de gestion des accidents du travail) CNPP, Médiathèque du risque, 5 rue Daunou, 75002 Paris, France. Minimum configuration: a microprocessor 80286, 640 Mb RAM memory, 10 Mb on hard disk, monochrome monitor, MS DOS version 3 or higher. ### (In French)

This software designed for the management of occupational accidents includes two files: an "injured persons" file (name, social security number, date of birth, firm, service, status, date of entry, etc.); an "accidents" file including all data subject to notification in France. This software includes numerous possibilities for the production of statistics (general statistics, general data, frequency and severity rate, summary table by sex, status), internal statistics, breakdown by accident factors. (66988)

CIS 96-594 EuroOSH. Neal A.C., Wright F.B., eds., Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom (E-mail: cust.serv^call.co.uk), 1996- , updated 4 times a year. CD-ROM disk for MS DOS computers (needs Windows 3.1 or Windows 95). Price: GBP 1500.00 (USD 2400.00) for initial subscription, GBP 1300.00 (USD 2100.00) for annual renewal [for single users]. ### (In English)

CD-ROM disk containing the full text of English-language occupational safety and health information from the European Union (i.e. all OSH laws and regulations in Great Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and all European Union directives and other instruments), as well as that of ILO conventions and directives. The disk also contains summaries and source references for OSH legislation in the other Member States of the European Union. HSE approved codes of practice from the United Kingdom are also included. The disk is fully searchable with up-to-date CD-ROM search software, with hypertext links throughout. (66987)

CIS 96-595 ILO-CIS: International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre. (French: BIT-CIS - Centre international d'Informations de Sécurité et de Santé au Travail; Spanish: OIT-CIS: Centro Internacional de Información de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo) Institute of Occupational Safety Engineering (Tampere University of Technology, Finland), Internet WWW pages, home-page address: http://turva.me.tut.fi/cis/home.html ### (In English, French, Spanish)

Internet pages on CIS, providing information on: CIS products and services; CIS National and Collaborating Centres; ILO publications; International Directory of OSH Institutions; databases and CD-ROMs on OSH; the ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Safety and Health; ILO Conventions and Recommendations dealing with OSH; regional programmes on OSH information in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region; chemical safety information sources; CIS staff; projects. A bulletin board is included. (67054)

CIS 96-596 Directory of sites in occupational & environmental health. Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Internet WWW pages, home-page address: http://www.ed.ac.uk/~rma/sites.html ### (In English)

Internet index to information sources on occupational safety and health on the Internet. Main sections: UK and EU departments and agencies; international and other (US, Canada) government agencies; atmospheric air pollutant emissions across Europe; air pollution information from various UK sources; weather reports from around the world and the UK; useful educational resources; other occupational and environmental resources; occupational and environmental health directories; other directories; full or partial text from relevant medical and other scientific journals; learned societies and associations; miscellaneous; conferences; information for Internet beginners; internal information on the University of Edinburgh. (67055)

CIS 96-597 International Labour Organization World Wide Web Server. (French: Organisation internationale du Travail - Serveur World Wide Web; Spanish: Servidor de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en la World Wide Web (WWW)) International Labour Organization (ILO), Internet WWW pages, home-page address: http://gatekeeper.unicc.org/ilo/ ### (In English, French, Spanish)

Internet pages presenting ILO activities and resources on various labour-related issues, including occupational safety and health. Major topics covered: mandate and history of the ILO; the ILO Constitution and the Declaration of Philadelphia; structure and programmes of the ILO; current issues (including child labour, equality for women, human rights, international labour standards); publications and information services; links to other ILO sites (including CIS and its Asian and African programmes). (67056)

CIS 96-598 OSHWEB. Uusitalo T., Institute of Occupational Safety Engineering (Tampere University of Technology, Finland), Internet WWW pages, home-page address: http://turva.me.tut.fi/~oshweb/ ### (In English)

This index, furnished with hypertext links throughout, contains references to a wide range of OSH-related information on the WWW from around the world. Main topics: chemical safety; commercial resources (consulting, publishers, safety products, software); conferences; construction safety; electrical safety; emergency management; ergonomics, human factors; fire safety; government agencies; human-computer interaction; information services; international organizations; product safety; professional organizations; publications; radiation safety; research institutes; risk management; universities; USENET newsgroups; other resource lists; occupational safety and health WWWBoard. Former title: Index of occupational safety and health resources (with a different home-page address). (67058)

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CIS 96-599 The Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in office workers: A case-referent study of personal, psychosocial and building-related risk indicators. Stenberg B., Eriksson N., Höög J., Sundell J., Wall S., International Journal of Epidemiology, Dec. 1994, Vol.23, No.6, p.1190-1197. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

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The Office Illness Project in Northern Sweden, comprising both a screening questionnaire study of 4943 office workers and a case-referent study of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in 464 subjects was recently completed. The case-referent study presented in this paper used data from the questionnaire supplemented with information from a clinical examination, a survey of psychosocial factors at work and building data from inspection and measurements taken at the work sites. Personal factors such as atopy and photosensitive skin, psychosocial conditions and physical exposure factors influencing indoor air quality (IAQ), such as outdoor air flow rates and the presence of photocopiers were related to an increased prevalence of the reported SBS symptoms. The rate response relationship between actually measured ventilation rates and the prevalence of perceived SBS symptoms presents strong evidence for the association between IAQ factors and health. (66627)

CIS 96-600 Esophageal cancer and occupation in a cohort of Swedish men. Chow W.H., McLaughlin J.K., Malker H.S.R., Linet M.S., Weiner J.A., Stone B.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.749-757. 34 ref. (In English)

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Data from the Cancer Environment Registry of Sweden were analyzed for the period 1961 to 1979. A general reduction in oesophageal cancer incidence was found among agricultural and professional workers, whereas excess incidence was found among business, sales and some craftsmen and production jobs. Elevated incidence was associated with the food, beverage and tobacco industries, vulcanizing shops within the rubber industry, and certain automotive building industries. Incidence was also increased among brewery workers and butchers and some service sector workers. The possible role of lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol drinking) in some of the occupational associations is discussed. (66318)

CIS 96-601 United States non-Hodgkin's lymphoma surveillance by occupation 1984-1989: A twenty-four state death certificate study. Figgs L.W., Dosemeci M., Blair A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.817-835. 81 ref. (In English)

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Death certificate data were analyzed for 23,890 male and female non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 119,450 noncancer controls from 24 states in the USA for the period 1984-1989. Mortality odds ratios are tabulated according to occupational code. Associations with NHL were observed for a variety of white-collar professionals (managers, teachers), although these may in part reflect socioeconomic factors. Excess risks were also observed among some blue-collar occupations including mechanics, repairmen, welders and machine operators, where exposure to solvents and metals may occur. A positive association among central region farmers was consistent with earlier findings. (66434)

CIS 96-602 Sick-building syndrome in a tropical city. Ooi P.L., Goh K.T., Lancet, 23 Mar. 1996, Vol.347, No.9004, 841-842. 4 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication describes a morbidity survey among 2856 workers in 56 air-conditioned office buildings in Singapore. After excluding health complaints with known causes, 19% of respondents had frequent mucosal and skin irritations, neurotoxic reactions and other ailments suggestive of sick building syndrome. Building-related symptoms were not found to be reliable predictors of indoor air quality or ventilation problems. Factors associated with the syndrome included thermal comfort, lighting and noise. (66444)

CIS 96-603 Prevalence and predictors of asthma in working groups in British Columbia. Siracusa A., Kennedy S.M., DyBuncio A., Lin F.J., Marabini A., Chan-Yeung M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.411-423. 46 ref. (In English)

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The prevalence of asthma and its predictors was evaluated by questionnaire and allergy skin tests among cedar sawmill, grain elevator, pulpmill and aluminium smelter workers. The overall prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 4.6% and current asthma 3%. Compared with unexposed workers, the prevalence of asthma after employment in the current industry was 3.9 times higher in cedar sawmill workers, 2.2 times higher in pulpmill and aluminium smelter workers and 1.7 times higher in grain elevator workers. The relative importance of various risk factors including atopy, parental history of asthma and smoking is discussed. (66519)

CIS 96-604 High mortality in the Thule cohort: An unhealthy worker effect. Juel K., International Journal of Epidemiology, Dec. 1994, Vol.23, No.6, p.1174-1178. 22 ref. (In English)

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The cohort consists of 4322 Danish men who were employed between 1963 and 1971 at the Thule air base in Greenland. One part of the cohort was employed during a period of radiation clean-up, the other part had been employed only outside the clean-up period. After 30 years of follow-up, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.38 for all causes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-1.49), 1.25 for cancer (95% CI: 1.07-1.45), 1.17 for circulatory diseases (95% CI: 1.01-1.34), 1.58 for other natural causes (95% CI: 1.35-1.84), and 1.46 for violent deaths (95% CI: 1.22-1.74). Marked excess mortality measured by SMR was found from lung cancer 1.70, AIDS 3.55, alcoholism 4.04, cirrhosis of the liver 2.45, symptoms and ill-defined conditions 1.93, and suicide 1.63. The high mortality and the mortality pattern shows strong evidence for selection and suggests these workers constitute a group in poor health probably caused by their lifestyle. (66626)

CIS 96-605 International variation in the size of mortality differences associated with occupational status. Kunst A.E., Mackenbach J.P., International Journal of Epidemiology, Aug. 1994, Vol.23, No.4, p.742-750. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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This study reassesses the international pattern of inequalities in mortality using an inequality index devised recently. Data on mortality by social class were obtained from longitudinal studies from seven countries. The data referred to men aged 35-64 years. The follow-up period was approximately 1971-1981. The size of mortality differences associated with occupational status was measured using a modification of the Relative Index of Inequality. The smallest inequalities in mortality are observed for Norway and Denmark. Larger inequalities are observed for Sweden (compared to Norway circa 1.5 as large), England and Wales (2 times), Finland (4-5 times) and France (6-8 times). Results of sensitivity analyses suggest that probably only a small part of this international pattern can be attributed to differences between countries with respect to occupational classification. The results of most previous international comparisons agree with the general pattern observed here. (66630)

CIS 96-606 Diadochokinesimetry: A study of patients with Parkinson's disease and manganese exposed workers. Beuter A., Mergler D., de Geoffroy A., Carrière L., Bélanger S., Varghese L., Sreekumar J., Gauthier S., Neurotoxicology, Fall 1994, Vol.15, No.3, p.655-664. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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Diadochokinesia, the ability to perform rapid alternating movements, is often impaired among patients with Parkinsonism or manganism. In the present study, patients (n=11) with Parkinson's disease are compared with workers formerly exposed to manganese (n=10) and control subjects (n=11) performing rapid alternating hand movements. Data recorded on a diadochokinesimeter were digitalized in real time. Significant differences were found between control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease, but not with manganese-exposed workers, in most variables examined. However, trajectory length (a combination of movement amplitude and velocity) indicated that manganese-exposed workers and patients with Parkinsonism were significantly different from the controls in functional asymmetries between right and left hand. In addition, workers and patients tend to have marked differences between their right and left hand performance. (66645)

CIS 96-607 Using psychological tests for the early detection of neurotoxic effects of low level manganese exposure. Iregren A., Neurotoxicology, Fall 1994, Vol.15, No.3, p.671-677. 13 ref. (In English)

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Detection of early signs of manganese exposure is fundamental to the prevention of chronic neurotoxic illness in manganese-exposed populations. Five studies and preliminary data from a sixth are reviewed which reported using behavioural measures to explore possible central nervous system effects from current industrial levels of manganese exposure in asymptomatic populations. The paper also provides a discussion of some aspects that may make a test of motor function sensitive to the effects from manganese exposure, and, finally, presents a recommendation for a core set of tests that may be efficient to use while testing for the early neurotoxic effects from low level manganese exposure. (66646)

CIS 96-608 Back pain among workers in the United States: National estimates and workers at high risk. Guo H.R., Tanaka S., Cameron L.L., Seligman P.J., Behrens V.J., Ger J., Wild D.K., Putz-Anderson V., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.28, No.5, p.591-602. 34 ref. (In English)

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Data from the Occupational Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. To derive national estimates, a weighting factor was applied to the data available for 30,074 respondents. In 1988, about 22.4 million back pain cases were responsible for 149.1 million lost workdays; 65% of cases were attributable to occupational activities. Among males, the risk was highest for construction labourers (prevalence 22.6%), and among females, for nursing aides (18.8%). Back pain is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for U.S. workers. Previously unrecognized high risk occupations include carpenters, automobile mechanics, maids, janitors and hairdressers. (66669)

CIS 96-609 Respiratory cancer and other chronic disease mortality among silicotics in California. Goldsmith D.F., Beaumont J.J., Morrin L.A., Schenker M.B., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.459-467. 23 ref. (In English)

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Mortality risks were estimated for 590 silicotics claiming workers' compensation claims in California from 1946 to 1975. Findings confirmed that these claimants had an elevated risk for all causes of death, and for tuberculosis, non-malignant respiratory diseases, cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung and malignancies of the large intestine. Mortality from heart diseases and cancers of the prostrate and lymphatic system was low. Data are tabulated for four industries: construction, mining and quarrying, metallurgy and foundries, and utilities and transportation. (66731)

CIS 96-610 Inflammatory markers in nasal lavage fluid from industrial arts teachers. Åhman M., Holmström M., Ingelman-Sundberg H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.541-550. 41 ref. (In English)

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Inflammatory markers were examined in nasal lavage fluid sampled from 24 industrial arts teachers exposed to wood dust and other irritants and from 24 controls. The arts teachers had more nasal complaints but they did not differ significantly from the controls regarding various nasal lavage fluid parameters; no evident mucosal inflammation was detected. However, subjects reporting nasal stuffiness had a higher concentration of albumin, and there was a positive correlation between the percentage of neutrophils and the number of classes during the working week. This indicates a possibility of wood-dust-related inflammatory effects on the nasal mucosa. (66737)

CIS 96-611 Towards causal inference in occupational cancer epidemiology - II. Getting the count right. Veys C.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Apr.1993, Vol.37, No.2, p.181-189. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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This paper assesses causal inference in occupational cancer epidemiology and highlights the importance of using the right data sources when examining the association between exposure and tumour incidence. At first the study was confined to a mortality analysis using death certificates but it became apparent that several cases had outlived the end-date of the study or had died of an unrelated cause not associated with tumours. The study was changed to include morbidity (incidence) data using cancer registration. Some guidelines, which derive from perusal of the five-year relative survival rates (RSR) and of the ratio of cancer registrations to deaths (R/D) are put forward to help researchers in deciding whether mortality or morbidity is the appropriate statistic for the analysis contemplated. (66743)

CIS 96-612 Occupational exposure to hydrocarbons and chronic pancreatitis - A case-referent study. McNamee R., Braganza J.M., Hogg J., Leck I., Rose P., Cherry N.M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.51, No.9, p.631-637. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that hydrocarbon exposure is a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. 102 cases of chronic pancreatitis and 204 age- and sex-matched referents were interviewed about their occupational histories, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and diet. Results support the original hypothesis but further studies are necessary to identify responsible hydrocarbons. (66823)

CIS 96-613 Chronothermobiologic study of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to a past exposure to vinyl chloride. (French: Etude chronothermobiologique de phénomènes de Raynaud secondaires à une exposition ancienne au chlorure de vinyle monomère) Fontana L., Gautherie M., Albuisson E., Fleury-Duhamel N., Meyer S., Catilina P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.9-18. Illus. 27 ref. (In French)

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The evolution of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) after the end of exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is not well understood. Sixty-two patients were studied: 44 retired patients who had been exposed to VCM (time since last exposure, at least 8 years) and 18 non-exposed controls. Twelve of the retired patients reported RP affecting the fingers. In order to identify the objective causes of these complaints, a computerized chronothermodynamic examination using the standardized cold test on the 10 fingers was used. Results of exposed patients are compared with those of controls and are analyzed according to their complaints and past exposure to VCM. The authors observed: 1. In summer, a greater incidence of vasoconstriction due to cold in exposed patients with RP than in exposed patients without RP and controls. 2. No seasonal variation of cold test results in patients with RP. 3. No identification of the role of exposure levels on chronothermodynamic results. Conclusion: RP secondary to VCM exposure may persist more than 8 years after the end of exposure. Disorders are usually moderate, but present all year round. (66831)

CIS 96-614 Effect of glove occlusion on human skin (II) - Long term experimental exposure. Ramsing D.W., Agner T., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1996, Vol.34, No.4, p.258-262. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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The effect of long-term glove occlusion on normal skin (6h/day for 14 days) was studied and, in addition, the effect of a cotton glove worn under the occlusive glove. Two studies were performed: Study A comprised 19 volunteers wearing an occlusive glove on normal skin for 6h/day for 14 days on one hand only; Study B comprised 18 volunteers wearing occlusive gloves on both hands on normal skin; a cotton glove was worn under the occlusive glove on one hand only. Skin barrier function was evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration by electrical capacitance and inflammation by erythema index. The gloves used were hypoallergenic, non-latex gloves. Results of Study A: the glove occlusion had a significant negative effect on skin barrier function, as measured by TEWL; results of Study B: the negative effect on skin barrier function from occlusive gloves was prevented by the use of a cotton glove. Gloves may be a substantial factor in the pathogenesis of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis and recommendations as to their use are important. (66842)

CIS 96-615 The occurrence and course of skin symptoms on the hands among female cleaners. Nielsen J., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1996, Vol.34, No.4, p.284-291. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Skin symptoms on the hands were studied in questionnaire-based studies conducted in 1989 and 1991 among female cleaning personnel employed at Danish nursing homes, schools and offices. A total of 1,166 participated in 1989, and 1,011 of them participated in 1991. The average age was 45 years and the average length of seniority was 10 years. One-fifth of the cleaners reported problems with cleaning agents. A total of 81% had wet hands for more than one-quarter of their working hours and 43% reported having at least one out of four skin symptoms during a one-year period. Among them, 70% reported improvement during weekends and holidays. A positive correlation was found between hours per week spent with wet hands and skin symptoms. During the follow up period, the risk of developing skin symptoms was higher among the women who remained cleaners than among those who left their cleaning jobs. Accordingly, the prognosis was better in the group that left their cleaning jobs. Retirement occurred more often among cleaners with skin symptoms than among the others. There is a future need to develop new work organization and cleaning methods to reduce the time spent with wet hands. (66844)

CIS 96-616 Arguments in favour of the occupational aetiology of Dupuytren's contracture - Two epidemiologic studies. (French: Arguments en faveur d'une étiologie professionnelle de la maladie de Dupuytren: à propos de deux enquêtes épidémiologiques) Niezborala M., Le Pors N., Teyssier-Cotte C., Tropet Y., Vichard P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.613-619. 30 ref. (In French)

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Two studies were undertaken to determine a possible link between hard physical labour and Dupuytren's contracture: a case-control study by questionnaire and an exposed-non-exposed study. In total, 126 subjects who had had surgery for Dupuytren's contracture between 1981 and 1991 were compared with 101 subjects who were hospitalized between 1990 and 1991. The exposed-non-exposed study allowed to compare 191 male subjects (35yrs +), with an occupational history of hard physical labour with 133 controls who had never done physical work. As a whole, it seems highly probable that hard physical labour is a risk factor for Dupuytren's contracture. Moreover, in addition to already known confounding factors, ethnic and genetic factors might also play a role in the aetiology of the condition. (66871)

CIS 96-617 Occupational hand dermatitis in a tertiary referral dermatology clinic in Taipei. Sun C.C., Guo Y.L., Lin R.S., Contact Dermatitis, Dec. 1995, Vol.33, No.6, p.414-418. 14 ref. (In English)

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In order to identify the important industries and causal agents for occupational hand dermatitis (OHD), patients seen in the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the National Taiwan University Medical Center were interviewed and examined. Patch testing was carried out, using the European standard series and suspected allergens on patients suspected of having allergic skin diseases. OHD was diagnosed according to medical history, work exposure, physical examination and patch test findings. Of the 448 patients with hand dermatitis seen between 1987 and 1993, 36% were diagnosed as having OHD. Electronics, hairdressing, and the medical, chemical and construction industries were the most prominent sectors associated with OHD. In the patients with OHD, 58.5% had irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 41.5% allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Dorsal fingers, nail folds and dorsal hands were most frequently involved in patients with ACD; dorsal fingers, volar fingers and fingertips were most frequently involved with those with ICD. Patients with atopic history and palm involvement were more likely to have ICD, and those with nail fold involvement more likely to have ACD. In patients with ACD, the most important allergens were dichromate, nickel, cobalt, fragrance mix, epoxy resin, thiuram mix, and p-phenylenediamine. (66899)

CIS 96-618 Epidemiology and prevention of work-related tumours. (Italian: Epidemiologia e prevenzione dei tumori professionali) Baldasseroni A., Bracci C., Comba P., Nesti M., Pirastu R., Scarselli R., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p.25-34. 38 ref. (In Italian)

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This review examines a number of experiences on both international as well as at national level in Italy. Some recommendations on priorities are briefly listed, including identification of working environments at risk, environmental control measures, increasing research on suspected carcinogens and development of exhaustive information systems and prevention activities aimed at employers and workers. (66912)

CIS 96-619 The danger of immunological contact hypersensitization in the home and job environments. (Italian: Rischio di ipersensibilizzazione immunologica da contatto nell'ambiente domestico e professionale) Bonomini V., Stefoni S., Cianciolo G, Nanni Costa A., Ceccherini R., Palmi S., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p.35-39. Illus. 14 ref. (In Italian)

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Modifications in the profiles of the main lymphocyte populations and subpopulations were studied in the peripheral blood of subjects exposed to the risk of contact dermatitis in an occupational environment (hairdressers' shops) and in the household. No significant difference was found between the group of 35 patients (19 females and 16 males) with acute phase contact dermatitis and a control group of healthy subjects. (66913)

CIS 96-620 Study of job-related toxic liver pathology. (Italian: Studio delle epatopatie tossiche professionali) Tomei F., Papaleo B., Leone M., Fantini S., Giuntoli P., Biagi M., Scarselli R., Palmi S., Baccolo T.P., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p.95-115. Illus. 153 ref. (In Italian)

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Workers in industrial waste management may be exposed in a discontinuous and unpredictable way to substances toxic to the liver. Even exposures to low doses can be harmful. 53 workers (mostly males) employed in a toxic industrial waste (including arsenic) treatment plant were studied together with a non-exposed control group of 60 subjects. For all of them a clinical case history questionnaire was filled out, in presence of a doctor, and the following laboratory tests were carried out: complete blood count, GOT, GPT and gamma GT, blood bilirubin (both direct and indirect), alkaline phosphatase, blood proteins, blood creatinine and urine. The obtained results indicate that treatment of industrial wastes may have toxic effects on the liver and that it would be useful to screen workers with procedures like those adopted. (66916)

CIS 96-621 A bibliography for occupational exposure assessment for epidemiologic studies. Stewart P.A., Dosemici M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1994, Vol.55, No.12, p.1178-1187. approx. 190 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-622 A case study of dermatitis based on a collaborative approach between occupational physicians and industrial hygienists. Percival L., Tucker S.B., Lamm S.H., Key M.M., Wilds B., Grumski K.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1995, Vol.56, No.2, p.184-188. Illus. 13 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-623 The effects of protective occlusive gloves on stratum corneum barrier properties. Graves C.J., Edwards C., Marks R., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1995, Vol.33, No.3, p.183-187. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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Data suggest that protection from gloves is paradoxically reduced because of effects of occlusion on the skin. The aim of this study was to characterize these effects on physical and functional properties of stratum corneum. Volunteer trials were conducted using patches of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) glove material on the skin. Impairment of barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Hydration and water sorption-desorption were assessed using skin conductance. The major finding was a short-term impairment of barrier function, measured as an increase in TEWL of 1.7g/m²/h. Temporary increases in hydration and water sorption were also observed. On this basis, the effects of wearing PVC gloves over two days on stratum corneum barrier properties on the dorsum of the hand were studied. TEWL measurements remained elevated by 1.5g/m²/h the day after occlusive glove removal, indicating a possible cumulative effect. These studies demonstrate a potential hazard resulting from the repeated use of protective gloves. (66895)

CIS 96-624 Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung in French dairy farmers. Dalphin J.C., Debieuvre D., Pernet D., Maheu M.F., Polio J.C., Toson B., Dubiez A., Monnet E., Laplante J.J., Depierre A., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.50, No.10, p.941-944. 15 ref. (In English)

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The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and of clinical farmer's lung was studied in 30 districts of the French Doubs département in relation to individual (age, sex, smoking habits) and geographical (altitude) factors. 5,703 dairy farmers exclusively (response rate 83%) participated in the study by answering a medical questionnaire. Prevalences of chronic bronchitis and clinical farmer's lung were 9.3% and 1.4% respectively. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate risk factors for chronic bronchitis and clinical farmer's lung. A risk of chronic bronchitis was associated with the male sex (p<10^-4), age (p<10^-4), smoker category (p<10^-4), and altitude (p<10^-4). A risk of clinical farmer's lung was associated with non-smokers (p<0.05), and linearly with altitude (p<10^-4). There was also a strong positive relation between chronic bronchitis and clinical farmer's lung (odds ratio 19.5 (95% CI: 12.1-31.4)) after adjustment for confounding variables. The main finding of this study was the highly significant increase of prevalence of the diseases in relation to altitude. (66750)

CIS 96-625 Analysis of ferruginous bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage from foundry workers. Dodson R.F., O'Sullivan M., Corn C.J., Garcia J.G.N., Stocks J.M., Griffith D.E., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.50, No.11, p.1032-1038. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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Classical ferruginous bodies in tissue samples are considered to be markers of past exposure to asbestos. Recent studies have shown that the presence of ferruginous bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid correlates with past exposure to asbestos and offers a more sensitive reference than occupational history. Lavage samples from five subjects who had worked in foundries were evaluated by light microscopy for the presence of ferruginous bodies and by transmission electron microscopy for both characterization of the uncoated fibre burden and analysis of the cores of the ferruginous bodies. All samples at lower magnification (light microscopy (200 x)) contained ferruginous bodies. At higher magnification (400 x), a separate population from this group could be identified by the presence of a thin black ribbon. Transmission electron microscopy of the core materials of ferruginous bodies and comparable uncoated particulates supported the reliability of higher magnification light microscopy for distinguishing most of these non-asbestos cores. (66813)

CIS 96-626 Endemic work-related febrile respiratory illness among construction workers. Epling C.A., Rose C.S., Martyny J.W., Zhen B., Alexander W., Waldron J.A., Kreiss K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.193-205. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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An outbreak of respiratory symptoms among construction workers at Denver International Airport, USA was investigated. In a questionnaire survey of 495 workers, 34% reported respiratory symptoms. Risk factors included exposure to fireproofing, work in tunnels and adjoining areas, length of employment at the airport, and preexisting bronchitis. Air sampling revealed the presence of alkaline dust and airborne Penicillium mould. It was concluded that the illness was associated with exposure to irritant dust from fireproofing and/or cement, with a possible contribution from Penicillium mould or associated bioaerosol. (66504)

CIS 96-627 Respiratory function and immunological reactions in jute workers. Zuskin E., Kanceljak B., Mustajbegovic J., Schachter E.N., Kern J., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.66, No.1, p.43-48. 23 ref. (In English)

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The respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity of 70 female jute workers in a textile mill in Croatia and of 40 controls were determined in 1970. Of the 70 jute workers, 19 were examined again 19 years later. Although prevalence of chronic cough, phlegm, bronchitis, asthma, dyspnoea, chest tightness and nasal catarrh was higher in the jute workers than in the controls, a statistically significant difference was found only for dyspnoea. Compared with the first study a higher prevalence of all symptoms was found in the follow-up study 19 years later. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and the one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) were significantly reduced in both studies. The reductions were higher in the second study 19 years later. Only one of the 19 jute workers with occupational asthma responded positive to a patch test with jute. (66885)

CIS 96-628 Occupational hand dermatitis in hospital environments. Stingeni L., Lapomarda V., Lisi P., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1995, Vol.33, No.3, p.172-176. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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A group of 1,301 employees (658 females and 643 males; mean age 39.3yrs) of a hospital in Perugia, Italy answered a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects with anamnestic hand dermatitis and/or atopic mucosal reactions were clinically examined and submitted to skin tests (patch and/or prick tests). Contact dermatitis of the hands and/or forearms occurred in 21.2% and was significantly more frequent in women, subjects under 31 years of age, workers in internal medicine and surgery, cleaners and nurses. In the majority of cases (94.9%), the lesions were irritant in origin and mainly related to disinfectants (especially, chlorhexidine gluconate and glutaraldehyde) and gloves (latex proteins and starch glove powder, rather than accelerators and additives of rubber). Finally, atopy seemed to favour the onset of hand dermatitis. The importance of these results for preventive measures of contact dermatitis in hospital employees is discussed. (66894)

CIS 96-629 The special study module - A novel approach to undergraduate teaching in occupational medicine. Fletcher G., Agius R.M., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.45, No.6, p.326-328. 8 ref. (In English)

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Recent changes in the General Medical Council curricular framework in the United Kingdom have permitted the development of a special study module (options course) in occupational medicine in which a small number of motivated undergraduates elected to participate and which was adequately resourced. The course laid particular emphasis on changing students' attitudes towards the specialty, self-learning techniques, problem-solving and other skills such as workplace assessment. The objectives, content and teaching methods of the course are described along with a preliminary evaluation. It is suggested that other medical schools should adopt and refine this approach. (66460)

CIS 96-630 Workers' response to risk notification. Boal W.L., Friedland J., Schulte P.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.471-483. 41 ref. (In English)

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Results of epidemiological studies were sent to 15,958 workers who participated in them. Workers were notified of their increased risk of various diseases following exposure to certain chemicals. Among the seven notifications, worker feedback by telephone ranged from 0.3% to 3.8%, feedback by postcard ranged from 8.8% to 17.6%. The majority of callers enquired about their risk of disease or reported their health status; postcard replies commented on the notification materials or reported ill health. While the system was effective in producing some input from workers, respondents may not be representative of all notified workers. (66285)

CIS 96-631 Potential genotoxic risk related to simultaneous exposure to radionuclides and cytostatics. Brumen V., Horvat D., Trošić I., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.871-876. 16 ref. (In English)

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Mutagenic testing was carried out on 12 female nurses concurrently exposed to ionizing radiation and antineoplastic drugs in a hospital nuclear medicine department. Both conventional structural chromosome aberration analysis and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests were carried out. Although neither the incidence of structural chromosome aberrations nor the mean SCE-frequency rate were significantly increased among the nurses compared to a control group, irreparable chromosomal damages and wide SCE-ranges were observed. Findings suggest the possibility of genotoxic implications of concurrent occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and antineoplastic drugs. (66437)

CIS 96-632 Implementation of a quality system for the examination of occupational diseases. Antti-Poika M., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.45, No.6, p.298-304. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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A quality system in accordance with the total quality management (TQM) principles of ISO 9004-2 was introduced at the Department of Occupational Medicine of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. The system involved participation, training and guidelines and was based on the satisfaction of the customers (patients, physicians, insurance companies) and fluency of the activities. When the duration of the completed patient examinations was used as a measure of the fluency, the study demonstrated that TQM is feasible in health care. The approach may be used to complement the traditional audit approach. (66455)

CIS 96-633 A systematic approach to health surveillance in the workplace. Bell J.G., Bishop C., Gann M., Gilbert M.J., Howe W., Lamb C.T., Leighton-Davies G., McKie N.I.P., Picton-Robinson I., Prestage A.M., Roythorne C., Turner M., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.45, No.6, p.305-310. 23 ref. (In English)

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Health surveillance activities available to occupational health professionals are categorized into occupational or non-occupational, risk-based or unfocused, and as primary, secondary or tertiary preventive measures. Procedures discussed include assessing occupational risks, assessing fitness for work, routine periodical medical examinations, disease screening, and lifestyle health risk assessment. Recommendations are made for the selection of appropriate procedures. The key proposal is to establish a minimum level of periodic health surveillance for all workers based on a lifestyle health risk assessment with the addition of targeted surveillance when appropriate. (66456)

CIS 96-634 A study of migraine and its effects in a working population. Mounstephen A.H., Harrison R.K., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.45, No.6, p.311-317. 31 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 476 employees in a chemical industry research and commercial centre revealed that migraine prevalence during the previous year was 23.2% in women and 11.6% in men. Migraine sufferers reported significantly more headache-related sickness absence than non-migraine sufferers, but did not have more recorded sickness absence overall. There was no firm evidence that the working environment had any effect on the prevalence or frequency of migraine. It is recommended that occupational health departments could assist migraine sufferers with help and advice. (66457)

CIS 96-635 Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in Tianjin, China. Wang Q.S., Boffetta P., Parkin D.M., Kogevinas M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.353-362. 29 ref. (In English)

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Occupational risk factors for lung cancer cases registered at the Cancer Registry of Tianjin, China during the period 1981-1987 were assessed; patients with cancers at other sites were used as controls. A total of 4,806 male and 3,595 female lung cancer cases were investigated. Elevated risks were found for a number of industries for both sexes, including, in particular, the textile, wood, metal and construction industries. While smoking did not explain the elevated odds ratios for lung cancer in males, a strong correlation was observed in females, suggesting a confounding effect. (66514)

CIS 96-636 Differentiation of the ILO boundary chest roentgenograph (0/1 to 1/0) in asbestosis by high-resolution computed tomography scan, alveolitis, and respiratory impairment. Harkin T.J., McGuinness G., Goldring R., Cohen H., Parker J.E., Crane M., Naidich D.P., Rom W.N., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.46-52. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 37 asbestos-exposed individuals, the 1980 ILO International Classification of the Radiographs of the Pneumoconioses for asbestosis was compared with the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan using a grid scoring system to better differentiate between normal and abnormal in the ILO boundary 0/1 to 1/0 chest roentgenograph. Clinical symptoms, bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary function tests were used to assess the presence or absence of disease. The ILO classification and HRCT grid scores were both excellent modalities for the assessment of asbestosis and its association with impaired physiology and alveolitis; their combined use provided statistical associations with alveolitis and reduced diffusing capacity. (66614)

CIS 96-637 ACOEM Reproductive Hazard Management Guidelines. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.83-90. 12 ref. (In English)

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This report describes the guidelines put forward by the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) for the management of reproductive and developmental risks. Topics covered: reproductive and developmental toxicity (known human teratogens, limited epidemiological and toxicological data); assessment of health risks (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response evaluation); management options (hazard elimination, exposure controls, risk communication, notification of pregnancy, temporary reassignment, medical surveillance, breast feeding policy, paraoccupational disease management). (66619)

CIS 96-638 International business trips. Risk analysis and prevention activity in an occupational health department: Investigations of employees of an oil company travelling abroad. (French: Déplacements professionnels internationaux. Analyse des risques, actions de prévention dans un service de médecine du travail - Enquêtes dans une société pétrolière auprès de salariés se déplaçant à l'étranger) Alquier-Bouffard E., Lagisquet C., Jakubiec H., Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 1st Quarter 1995, No.61, p.7-15. 14 ref. (2nd article: p.17-24) (In French)

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Two articles on the safety and health problems of expatriate staff. The first article deals with risk analysis (occupations and different types of business trips, lack of suitability to lead a "travelling life", health hazards); preventive action by the occupational health department of a large French oil company (in particular, primary prevention: vaccination, pre-travel advice, information, health education). The second article is a report on an investigation conducted by the occupational health department of the same company. In annex: text of two questionnaire surveys on the evaluation of the anti-malaria information campaign conducted by the company (1: retention of advice, aimed at all staff members liable to be sent on mission; 2: evaluation of the respect and impact of anti-malaria preventive action and of possible malaria-related health effects, aimed at all staff members who had actually gone on mission). (66692)

CIS 96-639 The changing face of industrial hygiene. Vasak V., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.119-127. 8 ref. (In English)

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This lecture by the winner of the 1995 William P. Yant Award covers developments in industrial hygiene during the last 40 years with emphasis on progress in the Czech Republic and Australia. Topics covered include: the development of training courses in industrial hygiene and the availability of computer databases; toxicological research and changes in toxicity rating; progress in instrumentation and analytical methods; progress in production technologies and the improvement of working conditions; international cooperation among occupational hygienists; social and ethical aspects; views on the future of industrial hygiene. (66771)

CIS 96-640 Biological monitoring today and tomorrow. Aitio A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1994, Vol.20, Special issue, p.46-58. 119 ref. (In English)

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Biological monitoring is important in the assessment of both occupational exposure to chemical agents and the health risks involved. For some chemicals, data from biological monitoring can be reliably translated into health risks, while for the majority it only indicates uptake. Several workplace chemicals can be analyzed from biological specimens, but no interpretation of health risk or exposure is possible. For such chemicals, comparing the results to data from similar industries may help to determine whether smaller levels of exposure are possible. The biggest problem with most biological monitoring is that no good interpretation is immediately available. Health-based interpretation of biological monitoring will never become possible unless biological monitoring is performed (even in the absence of immediate interpretation) and the results are stored for future analysis in a retrievable and usable form. (66816)

CIS 96-641 Prevention of lung cancer through the use of knowledge on asbestos and other work-related causes - Norwegian experiences. Langård S., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1994, Vol.20, Special issue, p.100-107. Illus. 59 ref. (In English)

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This review attempts to estimate the contribution of different known work-related causes of lung cancer among Norwegian men in order to predict the potential of prevention of work-related cases. The presented estimates are based on data from epidemiological studies made in Norway, but may be of significance for other countries with a similar work-force structure. Over the past decade asbestos-related lung cancer appears to have contributed about two-thirds of the lung cancers that have been related to work exposure in Norway. Compounds of nickel and chromium have also contributed, although to a lesser extent, along with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, radon daughters, seafaring work, and other, less significant specific and non-specific determinants of lung cancer. Prevention would be fostered by synergic actions. (66819)

CIS 96-642 Increased albumin excretion in industrial workers due to shift work rather than to prolonged exposure to low concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Boogaard P.J., Caubo M.E.J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.51, No.9, p.638-641. 9 ref. (In English)

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In order to elucidate the effect of shift work, a series of renal and hepatic variables were studied in organochlorine workers but now with two different control groups. One control group comprised shift workers and the other only workers on day duty. The exposed and both control groups had roughly equal physical workloads, although one control group comprised shift workers and the other workers who work only during daytime. There were no significant changes in the results of the liver tests between the exposed group and either of the control groups, nor between the two control groups. No significant differences for any renal test were found between the exposed workers and control shift workers, but albumin was significantly lower in the control day workers than in the exposed workers and control shift workers. The results suggest that the previously reported small increase in albuminuria in industrial workers is due to alterations in circadian rhythms due to the shift work system rather than to prolonged exposure to low concentrations of potentially nephrotoxic chemicals. (66824)

CIS 96-643 Survey of methods and statistical models used in the analysis of occupational cohort studies. Callas P.W., Pastides H., Hosmer D.W., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.649-655. 61 ref. (In English)

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Occupational cohort studies published in 1990-91 were located with Medline and Index Medicus, and the contents of several relevant journals were systematically reviewed. Each study was categorized by the methods of external or internal comparisons performed. Of 200 occupational cohort studies identified, 104 (52%) conducted only external comparisons, 46 (23%) conducted only internal and 50 (25%) presented both. Of those that used an external referent population, about two-thirds used a national standard. Forty of the studies that performed internal comparisons fitted multivariable models. The finding that logistic regression is used quite commonly, even though it does not directly model time-dependent data of the type frequently encountered in occupational cohort studies, was surprising. The reasons why investigators choose from among the available statistical and modelling techniques are likely to include familiarity, ease of use, restrictions in study population characteristics, especially study size, and others. Authors should be encouraged to be more explicit about the statistical methods used in the analysis of occupational cohort studies, as well as whether important assumptions about their data have been evaluated. (66825)

CIS 96-644 French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health - Special meeting on epilepsy of 12 December 1994. (French: Société de médecine et d'hygiène du travail - Séance spéciale, consacrée à l'épilepsie, du 12 décembre 1994) Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.647-670. Illus. (In French)

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Papers presented at the special meeting of the French Society of Occupational Medicine and Health on epilepsy and work, held on 12 Dec. 1994: the French Foundation for Research on Epilepsy; different types of epilepsy: clinical features, treatment and monitoring; French regulations on epilepsy and work; fitness for work and convulsive disorders; psychosomatic aspects of epilepsy; patients with recurrent seizures and work. (66874)

CIS 96-645 The European standard series. Bruynzeel D.P., Andersen K.E., Camarasa J.G., Lachapelle J.M., Menné T., White I.R., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1995, Vol.33, No.3, p.145-148. 16 ref. (In English)

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Changes to the European standard series which have taken place since the last officially recommended alterations in 1988, are explained. New to the series is the sesquiterpene lactone mix. The PPD black rubber mix and the quinoline mix have been replaced by single components; one of the p-hydroxybenzoates has been left out of the paraben mix. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride has been dropped from the series. (66893)

CIS 96-646 Back pain in the working population - Prevalence rates in Dutch trades and professions. Hildebrandt V.H., Ergonomics, June 1995, Vol.38, No.6, p.1283-1298. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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Data from three annual health surveys conducted by the Dutch Central Statistics Office were sampled. At least 50 respondents were identified for each of 33 trades and 34 professions. Frequent back pain was reported by 26.6% of the workers; 2% reported absence from work in the preceding 2 months. Prevalence rates ranged from 12 to 41%, with the high values found in the building materials, construction, road transport and wholesale industries. Low rates were found in banking, public administration and commercial services. Occupations with high rates were construction, supervisory production work, plumbing, driving and cleaning. Chemists, scientists, bookkeepers, secretaries and administrators had low rates. As the high rates are found in non-sedentary occupations, priority should go to preventive measures in these groups. (66430)

CIS 96-647 1,364 cases of occupational disease compensated in 1993. (French: 1.364 maladies professionnelles indemnisées en 1993) Pelé A., Bonnin C., Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, 1995, No.6, p.32-35. (In French)

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Statistical analysis of occupational diseases in the construction and civil engineering sector in France in 1993, with long-term comparisons provided for the period 1970-1993. Overall, there were 1364 cases of reported and compensated occupational diseases in 1993 in the construction-civil engineering industry, i.e. 21.3% of the 6417 total. There was no significant change from 1992. Three types of disease were the most common: periarticular problems, concrete-induced conditions and noise-induced diseases. Other diseases included those brought about by exposure to vibration, asbestos, wood dust and epoxy resins. A separate table presents the number of cases of newly declared occupational disease, broken down by hazard and agent (dusts; physical hazards; work attitudes, gestures and postures; chemicals; microorganisms; others), for all occupations and for the building industry (1970, 1980, 1985, 1991, 1992 and 1993). (66333)

CIS 96-648 Job-exposure tables. (French: Les matrices emplois-expositions) Henry L., Deschamps F., Turpin J.C., Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, 1995, Vol.32, No.4, p.241-243. 10 ref. (In French)

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Study of job-exposure tables used to evaluate occupational exposures retrospectively. These tables are a useful supplement to medical surveillance in the workplace. Their design relies on the proper collection of information concerning the hazards associated with each work station. Despite their limitations, such tables constitute the best approach to the quantification of workplace hazards. Summary in Dutch. (66335)

CIS 96-649 Chart of occupational risks relating to the reconstitution of job histories in the Lorraine coal mines. (French: Cartographie des risques professionnels au service de la reconstitution des carrières aux Houillères du Bassin de Lorraine) Mahieu B., Mayer L., Bertrand J.P., Frache A., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.32-36. 3 ref. (In French)

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Good knowledge of present and past occupational risks and estimation of workers' exposure levels allow improved prevention by occupational physicians. In France, types of work in mines requiring specific medical surveillance are regulated and cover 80% of the employees in the Lorraine coal mines. Occupational physicians have added to this list a few additional risks. To assess occupational exposure levels, two methods are used: 1) collection of occupational hazards through the telematic transmission system of daily staff checking, with automatic and individual recording of single or serial nuisances defined for a work activity; 2) creation of a chart taking into account present and former occupational risks for each worker, representing a real reconstitution of the occupational hazards history based on computerized data of the jobs and a job-exposure matrix resulting from a study of 170 activities (each activity is a job family with the same hazards). Occupational physicians can carry out personal and specific medical surveillance of a worker - or of a group of workers - exposed to detected risks and then select populations presenting the same exposure criteria for the purpose of epidemiological studies. (66834)

CIS 96-650 A comprehensive initiative to manage the incidence and cost of occupational injury and illness. McGrail M.P., Tsai S.P., Bernacki E.J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.37, No.11, p.1263-1268. 15 ref. (In English)

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A managed care programme involving an in-house preferred provider organization, medical case management and application of ergonomic principles was implemented at a large, university-based medical centre. During the period studied, 1991-1993, there was a significant decrease in injuries and illness and in average days lost per event. There was an increase in the number of restricted-duty days and an 18% reduction in workers' medical and indemnity costs. The study demonstrates the initial effectiveness of an aggressive ergonomic and managed care approach to reducing the incidence, severity and cost of occupational injury and illness. (66376)

CIS 96-651 Assessment of exposure in occupational epidemiology. Kauppinen T.P., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1994, Vol.20, Special issue, p.19-29. Illus. 83 ref. (In English)

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Recent progress in assessing exposure in occupational epidemiology studies is reviewed. Traditional methods based on surrogate and qualitative measures of exposure are no longer sufficient for searching for new risks, quantifying risks, and learning about their mechanisms. Prospective studies, case-referent studies within cohorts, and community-based case-referent studies applying interviews of the subjects or confirming exposures from workplaces are designs favouring exposure assessment. Job-exposure matrices have proved useful, especially in analyses of large studies, provided that they are applied so that misclassification does not significantly bias the results. Misclassification of exposure should be regularly assessed and controlled in epidemiological studies. Good documentation of the information used and studies on methodological validity and reliability are needed to develop exposure assessment. (66815)

CIS 96-652 Calculating cancer risk due to occupational exposure to genotoxic carcinogens. (Dutch: Berekening van het risico op kanker - door beroepsmatige blootstelling aan genotoxisch carcinogene stoffen) Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 54p. 11 ref., ISBN 90-5549-094-6 (In Dutch, English)

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In February 1994 a regulation on occupational exposure to carcinogens came into force in the Netherlands. As a result, special measures have to be taken to protect workers against exposure to carcinogenic substances. Also, legally binding occupational exposure limits will be established for these substances, based on a scientific evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of substances at the workplace. In this report the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards outlines the procedures used in deriving these values, and describes the calculation of the cancer risk resulting from occupational exposure to genotoxic carcinogens. The Committee recommends to calculate the risks using the method of linear extrapolation, unless the available scientific data would favour another method. (66400)

CIS 96-653 Hand eczema. Menné T., Maibach H.I., CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd. N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA, 1994. xiii, 334p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 89.00., ISBN 0-8493-7355-7 (In English)

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This manual comprises a series of papers on research into common varieties of hand eczema. Contents includes: definition, prevalence and classification of hand eczema; chemical skin burns; mechanical trauma and hand eczema; irritant contact dermatitis; contact allergens; risk factors for hand dermatitis in wet work; prediction of skin irritation by noninvasive bioengineering methods; general aspects of risk factors in hand eczema; epidemiological aspects; principles of occupational hand eczema; studies of eczema in hospital workers, hairdressers, fish processing workers, dental personnel, construction workers, caterers and farmers; eczema from metalworking fluids and from rubber gloves; prognosis; UV-light and X-ray treatment; selection of protective gloves. (66673)

CIS 96-654 Compensable occupational diseases - Aetiology, prevention, therapy: Introduction to their study and treatment. (German: Die entschädigungspflichtigen Berufskrankheiten - Genese, Prävention, Therapie. Einführung für Studium und Praxis) Zerlett G., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co.KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Strasse 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 1995. xxiv, 263p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 78.00 (in Switzerland)., ISBN 3-609-63400-6 (In German)

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Manual on occupational diseases, aimed primarily at occupational physicians. Contents: survey of relevant legislation in Germany; lists of occupational diseases and criteria for their diagnosis, diseases caused by chemical agents (metals, asphyxiants, solvents, pesticides etc.); diseases caused by physical agents (musculoskeletal disorders, pressurized atmosphere, noise, radiation); infectious and parasitic diseases; diseases of the respiratory system (inorganic and organic dusts); obstructive disorders; skin diseases; miners' nystagmus. (66904)

CIS 96-655 Environmental medicine. Brooks S., Gochfeld M., Herzstein J., Schenker M., Jackson R., eds., Mosby-Year Book Inc., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St.Louis, Missouri 63146, USA, 1995. xix, 780p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 69.00., ISBN 0-8016-6469-1 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: principles and basic science of environmental medicine (environmental hazards, risk and exposure assessment, toxicology, carcinogenesis); clinical environmental medicine (diagnosis, vision, hearing, dermatoses, respiratory disorders, liver and kidney toxicity, nervous system, immunologic disorders); susceptible populations (susceptibility, multiple chemical sensitivity, exposure of children); specific environmental exposure sources (air, water and soil pollution, asbestos, man-made mineral fibres, fire and pyrolysis products, radiation, vibration, heat stress, high-altitude and space medicine, chemical and biological agents, hazardous waste); preventive approaches (health surveillance, biomarkers, chemical disaster preparedness, health risk communication). (66935)

CIS 96-656 Occupational health - Decennial supplement. Drever F., Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, ed., HMSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1995. xxi, 374p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 29.00., ISBN 0-11-691618-4 (In English)

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This publication presents and comments on statistics on occupational health and mortality in the United Kingdom for various periods between 1970 and 1994. Contents: data sources; demographic and employment trends; occupational mortality of men and women and by cause of death; cancer incidence in England, 1981-1987; comparison of mortality for the 1971 and 1981 census cohorts; asbestos related diseases; monitoring occupational diseases; occupational injuries; smoking, drinking and occupation; occupation and sickness absence; occupation and fertility; outline of ad hoc occupational mortality studies; international comparisons. (66675)

CIS 96-657 International Agency for Research on Cancer - Biennial Report 1994/95. (French: Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer - Rapport biennal 1994-1995) International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, Cedex 08, France, 1995. xiii, 250p. Illus. 706 ref. Index., ISBN 92-832-1095-6 (En), ISBN 92-832-2095-1 (fr) (In English, French)

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The activities of the Agency are presented under eight headings: cancer occurrence and outcome; environmental causes of cancer (occupational causes, radiation); carcinogenesis by organ site; mechanisms of carcinogenesis; prevention and early detection of cancer; development of methods for cancer research; IARC publications, education and training; scientific support activities. (66671)

CIS 96-658 RIDDOR: Information for doctors. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1996. 19p. 3 ref. (In English)

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http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hse32.htm

This leaflet provides guidance for doctors on the requirements of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (see CIS 95-1930). Reportable diseases and occupational activities associated with them are listed from Schedule 3 of the Regulations, and guidance is given on how doctors can help in the reporting system. (66764)

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CIS 96-659 Occupational hand dermatoses of hairdressers in Tainan City. Guo Y.L., Wang B.J., Lee J.Y.Y., Chou S.Y., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.689-692. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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Hairdressers from nine establishments randomly selected in Tainan City were studied by interview, medical examination and patch testing. Patch test agents included 41 substances with common allergens, shampoo preservatives, hair dyes, and permanent waving and bleaching agents. Eighty-three percent of the 98 hairdressers examined had occupational dermatosis and 32% had scissor-induced scars or wounds. Hairdressers in Tainan City had a high prevalence of dermatosis including traumatic wounds, and allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. The rates of sensitivity to some of the common sensitizing agents were different from previous reports. (66828)

CIS 96-660 International conference: Agricultural medicine and rural health. Zagórski J., ed., AAEM - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.2, No.2, p.95-206. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Proceedings of an international conference on agricultural medicine and rural health held in Kraków, Poland, 7-8 September 1995. Papers related to agricultural operations include: evaluation of occupational exposure to noise among operators of tractors and self-propelled machines; exposure of rural inhabitants employed outside private farming to hazardous and noxious factors in the working environment; occupational risk caused by application of pesticides; contact allergy to pesticides; honey-bee venom allergy. Abstracts only: toxic substances in the rural environment; legal regulations concerning nitrates and nitrites in Poland. (66445)

CIS 96-661 Agriculture-related sprain and strain injuries, 1985-1987. Bobick T.G., Myers J.R., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1994, Vol.14, No.5, p.223-232. 17 ref. (In English)

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has expanded its research programme investigating agricultural injuries. Data from the Supplementary Data System (SDS), maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, indicate that injuries to the back and lower extremities of agricultural workers are quite common. Injury data from SDS were examined for agricultural employees for the years 1985-1987 from the 21 states that consistently provided records for each year. During this 3-year period, a total of 71,098 injuries were reported to SDS for the agricultural Industry Groups included in this study. Of these, 26,450 (37.2%) were classified as sprains and strains. Analysis of the data indicate that workers in industries within the major groupings of crop production and agricultural services have an increased potential for sustaining a sprain or strain injury. (66623)

CIS 96-662 Incidence of farm-work-related acute injury in a defined population. Nordstrom D.L., Layde P.M., Olson K.A., Stueland D., Brand L., Follen M.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.551-564. Illus. 48 ref. (In English)

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Data on 510 farm-work-related injuries in an area of central Wisconsin during a two-year period were analyzed. One farm resident in every 31 was treated annually for such an injury; eight per cent of these cases were hospitalized. Cases are tabulated by cause of injury. Animals were the most frequent source of injury, followed by machinery and falls; severity of injury did not appear to vary by source of injury. 38% of cases occurred in nonfarm residents. Injury risk was 2.5 times greater among dairy farm residents than among nondairy farm residents. (66738)

CIS 96-663 Farm-work hazard prevention efforts by school-based agricultural education instructors. Chapman L.J., Schuler R.T., Wilkinson T.L., Skjolaas C.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.565-577. 42 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of high school agricultural education instructors in Wisconsin, USA, revealed that nearly all devoted some time to health and safety related activities. Only a minority of instructors agreed that modifying the work to eliminate hazards should be emphasized over training people to work safely round hazards. Instructors faced problems of time pressures, lack of student interest, and need for materials and other resources. It was concluded that safety education alone is unlikely to reduce injuries unless unsafe conditions are modified; instructors need to emphasize teaching of skills in hazard recognition, identification and control. (66739)

CIS 96-664 Traumatic work related fatalities in commercial fishermen in Australia. Driscoll T.R., Ansari G., Harrison J.E., Frommer M.S., Ruck E.A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1994, Vol.51, No.9, p.612-616. 27 ref. (In English)

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Work-related traumatic fishing fatalities were studied as part of a larger study of all work-related traumatic fatalities in Australia from 1982 to 1984. Data on 47 cases were obtained from inspection of coroners' files. The incidence of fatality of 143/100,000 person-years was 18 times higher than the incidence of fatality for the entire workforce, and considerably higher than that of the mining and agricultural workforces. 68% of decedents drowned and 13% died from physical trauma. Rough weather, non-seaworthy vessels, inadequate use of personal flotation devices and inexperience were associated with many of the fatal incidents. Improved vessel and equipment maintenance, better training of workers, greater use of personal flotation devices and development of improved clothing and personal flotation devices are recommended. (66822)

CIS 96-665 Mortality of a cohort of U.S. workers employed in the crushed stone industry, 1940-1980. Costello J., Castellan R.M., Swecker G.S., Kullman G.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.625-640. 35 ref. (In English)

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The mortality of 3,246 males employed for one or more years during 1940-1980 at 20 crushed stone operations in the USA was evaluated. Four deaths were attributed to pneumoconiosis; at least two of these deaths were probably due to occupational dust exposures. Mortality attributed to pneumoconiosis and other nonmalignant respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive lung disease, was significantly increased overall, and especially so for a subcohort of granite workers. Lung cancer mortality was elevated overall, significantly so among granite workers, with at least a latency of 20 years. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to respirable silica dust is a risk factor for lung cancer. (66311)

CIS 96-666 Exposure-response analysis of mortality among coal miners in the United States. Kuempel E.D., Stayner L.T., Attfield M.D., Buncher C.R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.167-184. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 8,878 coal miners in the USA, significant exposure-response relationships were observed for cumulative exposure to respirable coal mine dust and mortality either from pneumoconiosis or from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Miners exposed at or below the current U.S. coal dust standard of 2mg/m³ over a working lifetime, have an elevated risk of dying from these diseases. No exposure-related increases in lung cancer or stomach cancer were observed. Pneumoconiosis mortality varied significantly according to the rank of coal dust to which the miners were exposed. (66502)

CIS 96-667 Mortality of iron miners in Lorraine (France) - Relations between lung function and respiratory symptoms and subsequent mortality. Chau N., Benamghar L., Pham Q.T., Teculescu D., Rebstock E., Mur J.M., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.50, No.11, p.1017-1031. 96 ref. (In English)

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An increased mortality from lung and stomach cancer was found in previous studies on Lorraine iron miners. In this study the cohort included 1,178 workers selected at random from all the 5,300 working miners aged between 35 and 55 at the start of the follow-up period, which ranged from 1975 to 1985. Occupational exposures and tobacco consumption, lung function tests and respiratory symptoms were assessed for each subject in 1975, 1980 and 1985. The study confirmed the excess of lung and of stomach cancer. It is considered that the risk of lung cancer in the Lorraine iron miners was mainly due to dust, diesel engine exhaust fumes and explosives although the role of low exposure to radon daughters could not be totally excluded. (66812)

CIS 96-668 Comparison of the health of the miners of underground mines and bituminous coal mines. Brhel P., Rybáková Z., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.25-30. 18 ref. (In English)

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The health of 166 underground lignite miners in the Czech Republic was compared with that of 166 age-matched bituminous coal miners in the same region. Among subjective complaints, symptoms of musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders predominated. Bituminous miners suffered a higher prevalence of dyspnoea, cough, chest pains, white finger phenomenon and hearing loss. They also showed a higher mean systolic blood pressure and lower ventilatory parameters; 12% had pneumoconiosis. Lignite miners showed no respiratory impairment but had a higher frequency of joint and back pains. The prevalence of symptoms reflects the working conditions in each type of mine. (66971)

CIS 96-669 Mortality in a cohort of antimony smelter workers. Schnorr T.M., Steenland K., Thun M.J., Rinsky R.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.759-770. 29 ref. (In English)

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A mortality study was carried out among 1,104 men, mainly Hispanics, employed between 1937 and 1971 in an antimony smelter in Texas, USA. When ethnic-specific Texas lung cancer death rates were used for comparison, mortality from lung cancer among the antimony workers was elevated and a positive trend in mortality was observed with increasing duration of employment. The data suggest some increased mortality from lung cancer and perhaps ischaemic heart and nonmalignant respiratory diseases in workers exposed to antimony. However, conclusions are limited by possible confounding factors and the difficulty of identifying appropriate referent groups. (66319)

CIS 96-670 Increased variability in bronchial responsiveness in aluminum potroom workers with work-related asthma-like symptoms. Søyseth V., Kongerud J., Boe J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.66-69. 25 ref. (In English)

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The variability in bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was studied in 26 aluminium potroom workers with work-related asthma-like symptoms. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), methacholine challenge tests and symptom assessments were carried out at regular intervals over a period of two years. Bronchial responsiveness was calculated from measurements of FEV₁. Results indicated that the variability in bronchial responsiveness in these workers was positively associated with respiratory symptoms. (66616)

CIS 96-671 Proportionate mortality among construction labourers. Stern F., Schulte P., Sweeney M.H., Fingerhut M., Vossenas P., Burkhardt G., Kornak M.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.485-509. 78 ref. (In English)

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Death certificate data were analyzed for 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA) who died between 1985 and 1988. Elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms, as well as for neoplasms of the lung, stomach, and thyroid gland. The proportionate cancer mortality ratios for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and non-white males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age of death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The occurrence of 20 mesothelioma deaths indicated previous exposure to asbestos. Elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation and other types of injuries. (66286)

CIS 96-672 The safety coordinator: Extensive but logical changes. (French: Le coordonnateur de sécurité: une évolution profonde mais logique...) Travail et sécurité, Sep. 1995, No. 540, p.461-479. Illus. (In French)

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The law of 31 Dec. 1993 (CIS 95-1941), which is the implementation in French law of the European directive on temporary or mobile worksites, requires the coordination of safety on all sites where two or more enterprises are working. The implications of this new regulation in practice, the functions of the coordinator, his powers, difficulties that may arise and the benefits in accident reduction that will result are presented. (66304)

CIS 96-673 Integration of safety measures and organization of coordination efforts in the field of safety and health protection during construction and civil engineering work. (French: Intégration de la sécurité et organisation de la coordination en matière de sécurité et de protection de la santé lors des opérations de bâtiment ou de génie civil) APAVE, Jan.-Feb.-Mar. 1995, No.269, p. 64-71. (In French)

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Law 93-1418 of 31 Dec. 1993 integrates into French legislation the provisions of Directive 92/57/EEC concerning temporary or mobile construction sites. This article provides information on the relevant regulations in effect in France and on the organization of coordination efforts concerning OSH matters in the construction and civil engineering sectors. In addition, it includes a table on the provisions of Decree 94-1159 (see CIS 95-1941) of 26 Dec. 1994. (66337)

CIS 96-674 Self-employed builders: Factors which influence the probability of work-related injury and illness. Mayhew C., Gibson G., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 1996, Vol.12, No.1, p.61-67. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Self-employed builders are not covered by workmen's compensation in the Australian state of Queensland, therefore their injuries and illnesses are not recorded in the appropriate Queensland database. This research project was designed to evaluate their occupational health and safety (OHS) status. A sample of 500 self-employed builders in the state was included in a questionnaire survey. It was found that OHS legislation was poorly understood by these builders and that the incidence of work-related illness and injury was quite high among them, particularly in areas of high population growth. On the other hand, in areas with high general OHS awareness, such as mining towns, self-employed builders also exhibited good OHS knowledge. (66383)

CIS 96-675 Improvement of the working conditions and health protection of stonecutters. (German: Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen sowie des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes für Steinmetzbetriebe) Heeg F.J., Deurer W., Feld K.H., Kleine G., Lüttke-Nymphius M., Räder K., Rodzinski H., Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Dec. 1994, Vol.48, No.4, p.205-216. Illus. 10 ref. (In German)

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Exposure to quartz dust and noise, lighting conditions and work postures were determined in 10 stone dressing plants in Germany. A questionnaire survey of the stonecutters was conducted in order to determine the subjectively perceived conditions of work. An enclosure for drawing off the quartz dust and an adjustable table to improve work posture are described. Work organization was changed. The layout of an optimized stone dressing plant is illustrated. (66849)

CIS 96-676 Industrial injury cost analysis by occupation in an electric utility. Dieterly D.L., Human Factors, Sep. 1995, Vol.37, No.3, p.591-595. 12 ref. (In English)

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Data on industrial injuries at the Southern California Edison Company for the period 1980 to 1987 were analyzed; cost data were converted to 1993 dollars. A cost model was developed based on medical costs, indemnity costs and lost productivity costs. The total average cost per injury for the 46 occupations was USD 5,173; the occupational total average injury cost ranged from USD 300 to USD 19,500. Occupations with high total average injury costs may be selected for special injury reduction programmes. The model provides a forecasting tool for generating future injury costs for current years. (66293)

CIS 96-677 Sex differences in work-related injury rates among electric utility workers. Kelsh M.A., Sahl J.D., American Journal of Epidemiology, May 1996, Vol.143, No.10, p.1050-1058. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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Injury trends were examined by type, severity and how they occurred among a cohort of 9,582 female and 26,898 male electric utility workers employed during 1980-1992. Unadjusted injury rates were higher throughout the period for male workers. However, after adjustment for occupation, job experience and age, elevated rate ratios indicate that female workers have higher injury rates. The rate ratios were slightly higher for more severe injuries. Differences between male and female workers in training, physical capacity, task assignments, as well as other factors, could explain the observed injury trends. (66923)

CIS 96-678 Mortality patterns among women in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. Beall C., Delzell E., Macaluso M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.325-337. 30 ref. (In English)

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The mortality experience of 11,271 women employed in a large motor vehicle manufacturing company in 1973 was evaluated. Follow-up was conducted to 1985. The overall mortality rate of the cohort was lower than the U.S. rate by 15% among whites and by 40% among blacks. Among whites, the low mortality rate was due primarily to deficits of noncancer deaths, although a 32% deficit was also observed for breast cancer. Despite evidence of a strong healthy worker effect among women in this industry, the study found excesses of lung cancer among white women in assembly jobs and of pancreatic cancer among white assembly workers in upholstery and trim operations. (66512)

CIS 96-679 Mortality among Icelandic seamen. Rafnsson V., Gunnarsdóttir H., International Journal of Epidemiology, Aug. 1994, Vol.23, No.4, p.730-736. 30 ref. (In English)

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In all 27,884 Icelandic seamen, both fishermen and sailors of the merchant fleet, who had been members of a pension fund between 1958 and 1986, were followed-up. Most standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were greater than 1: 1.26 for all causes, 1.13 for all malignant neoplasms, 1.80 for liver cancer, 1.19 for stomach cancer, 1.56 for lung cancer, and 1.21 for kidney cancer. The highest SMR was found for unknown causes, 3.16. There was no "healthy worker effect". For most causes of death latency time and mortality were strongly correlated. When analyzing the relation between duration of employment and mortality a correlation was found for all-causes and for stomach cancer; however, this was not statistically significant. The excess of stomach and lung cancer was high but it was not convincingly related to duration of employment and thus a relationship to occupation cannot be confirmed. (66628)

CIS 96-680 Mortality among seamen with special reference to work on tankers. Moen B.E., Riise T., Helseth A., International Journal of Epidemiology, Aug. 1994, Vol.23, No.4, p.737-741. 21 ref. (In English)

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Mortality was studied in 1687 men who were captains and mates during the period 1970-1987, and were registered by a Norwegian census in 1970. In all 181 deaths were found. Each case was age-matched at the time of death to three individuals from the rest of the population alive at this date. Information about the seamen's work on different ships was obtained for cases and controls. Seamen working on tankers had a higher mortality rate ratio (RR=2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-3.60) than seamen not working on tankers. The increased risk was especially related to death from cancer and from accidents, while no significantly increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease was found. Employment as a mate on tankers showed the highest all-causes risk of death (RR=3.14, 95% CI: 2.04-4.82) as well as for cancer (RR=4.24, 95% CI: 2.02-8.88) and accidents (RR=5.85, 95% CI: 1.66-20.60). Employment as a captain on tankers showed no significantly increased mortality. (66629)

CIS 96-681 Crashes of instructional flights. Baker S.P., Lamb M.W., Li G., Dodd R.S., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1996, Vol.67, No.2, p.105-110. 10 ref. (In English)

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Data on 638 crashes involving a student pilot or a flight for instructional purposes were analyzed. Factors associated with the crashes included loss of control on landing, crosswinds, stalls, trainees on solo flights, touch-and-go landings on solo flights, and running out of fuel. Simulated emergencies resulted in 49 crashes. Instructor-related factors were identified as contributing to one-third of crashes. Greater emphasis during flight training needs to be placed on avoiding stalls and midair collisions, managing crosswinds, and understanding the dynamics of takeoffs and landings prior to solo touch-and-go practice. (66676)

CIS 96-682 Cardiovascular diseases among French train drivers. (French: Epidémiologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires parmi les conducteurs de trains français) Cothereau C., Cambou J.P., Simon S., Bailly J.C., Conso F., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.37-40. Illus. 6 ref. (In French)

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A retrospective study of cardiovascular disease was carried out in 1991 among French train drivers. Cardiovascular problems were the fourth cause of sick leave exceeding 21 days and of 14% of the deaths. The principal pathology concerned was coronary heart disease. Eventual return to normal duties depends on the nature of the disease: train drivers with ischaemic heart disease cannot resume their normal work. (66835)

CIS 96-683 A case-control study of leukemia among petroleum workers. Sathiakumar N., Delzell E., Cole P., Brill I., Frisch J., Spivey G., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.37, No.11, p.1269-1277. 23 ref. (In English)

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The relationship between leukaemia and the work histories of active and retired employees of a large petroleum company was investigated. The study included 69 leukaemia cases and 284 matched controls. Employment in production-related work in the oil and gas division was associated with myelogenous leukaemia and particularly with acute myelogenous leukaemia. The association with the acute form was strongest for subjects with longest duration (32+ years) of production-related work, and there was a consistent trend of increasing risk for increasing duration of employment. No clear association was found between leukaemia and work in the refining division. (66377)

CIS 96-684 Mortality among workers at a plastics manufacturing and research development facility: 1946-1988. Dell L., Teta M.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.373-384. 20 ref. (In English)

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A mortality study was carried out among a cohort of 5,932 male employees at a plastics facility in New Jersey, USA. Potential exposures included asbestos, formaldehyde and polyvinyl chloride. Based on U.S. rates, mortality among hourly workers from all cancers was similar to expected. Excess mortality was seen for pancreatic cancer and for some malignancies of the respiratory system (5 deaths from pleural mesothelioma). Mortality from leukaemia among research and development workers was significantly elevated and related to assignment to process development. The study verifies the excess of pancreatic cancer among workers at the facility seen in earlier studies and highlights excesses of mesothelioma due to asbestos exposure. (66516)

CIS 96-685 Cancer morbidity among employees in a Danish pharmaceutical plant. Hansen J., Olsen J.H., Larsen A.I., International Journal of Epidemiology, Oct. 1994, Vol.23, No.5, p.891-898. 26 ref. (In English)

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The files of 10,889 people ever employed (1964-1988) at the pharmaceutical plant were followed-up in the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry. Site-specific standardized incident ratios (SIR) were estimated, based on cancer rates for the national population. Information on risk factors for breast cancer, e.g. number of children, age at menarche and first delivery, obesity, and non-occupational use of sex hormones was obtained from samples of the female employees, and compared to equivalent variables from the general population. The overall SIR for women was significantly elevated (n=5554; SIR=1.2). Excess risk was particularly seen for breast cancer (n=97; SIR=1.5). The SIR was near unity for men (n=5335); however three men with breast cancer versus 0.4 expected were found. Lifestyle components explained only about one-quarter of the excess female breast cancers. (66632)

CIS 96-686 Mortality among employees at a plastics and resins research and development facility. Cowles S.R., Tsai S.P., Gilstrap E.L., Ross C.E., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.51, No.12, p.799-803. 29 ref. (In English)

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This retrospective cohort study examined mortality from 1962 to 1992 for 257 men who were employed for at least one year during a 14-year period from 1962 to 1975 at a plastics and resins research and development facility (applications and process development for polypropylene, polystyrene, epoxy resins and, to a lesser extent, high-density polyethylene). The cohort was young and was followed up for an average of 26 years. Although mortality for all causes among employees who worked at least one year at this facility was low (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 0.74), the death rate from cancer was moderately higher than that of the general population (14 observed and 0.4 expected deaths). The increased cancer mortality was entirely due to excess deaths from pancreatic and lung cancers. No causative agent or process for these cases of pancreatic cancer has been identified. This study shows no increased colorectal cancer mortality. (66876)

CIS 96-687 Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in workers in a vegetable pickling and mustard production facility. Zuskin E., Mustajbegovic J., Schachter E.N., Rienzi N., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.64, No.6, p.457-461. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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A group of 117 women exposed to acid aerosols and spice dusts in a vegetable pickling plant in Varazdin, Croatia, was found to have significantly higher incidence of chronic cough, chest tightness, nasal catarrh and sinusitis than a control group working in a bottling plant. The prevalence of acute symptoms was greater in the pickling department than in the mustard making or packing departments. Compared with the control group, women in the pickling department with an exposure of more than one year had greater across-shift reductions of pulmonary function. (66881)

CIS 96-688 Sale of tickets for shows - The success of a specialized team. (French: La vente de billets de spectacles - La réussite d'une équipe de spécialistes) Jarzuel Y., Hagau S., Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1995, No.4, p.469-480. Illus. (In French)

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the work performed by ticket sellers in the entertainment industry in order to better understand the characteristics of the job and to find ways to reduce the increasingly heavy workload involved. Ticket selling is a complex job, requiring a thorough knowledge of constantly changing information about cultural, organizational and administrative matters. The emotional involvement of staff in the job is high, with actual selling taking up less time than the provision of advice and information and the performance of preparatory activities. Calls by telephone and MINITEL (French on-line service using the telephone network) contribute to the heavy workload by constant interruptions of regular work, particularly during rush periods. The increasing demands of this kind of work, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, tire the staff and reduce the quality of service they can provide. (66331)

CIS 96-689 Working in paradise: Health services provided for staff at island tourist resorts. Wilks J., Walker S., Wood M., Nicol J., Oldenburg B., Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 1996, Vol.12, No.1, p.41-48. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Report on a study of 1123 staff visits to health clinics at three tropical island resorts off the coast of Queensland (Australia) during the period Jan.-June 1994. Medical conditions (mostly respiratory, digestive, skin and nervous system complaints) accounted for 81% of the visits, with injuries (mostly lacerations, sprains and animal bites and stings) accounting for the other 19%. Administration of first aid and medication, with or without telephone consultation of a medical practitioner on the mainland, was sufficient treatment in most cases: only seven patients had to be evacuated to the mainland for medical reasons. The unique needs of staff in remote locations and the critical role of the resident nurse are stressed. The ICD-9-CM coding system was used uniformly for the analysis of the injuries and medical conditions. (66382)

CIS 96-690 Laboratory safety - An insurer's view. Wrightson I., Safety and Health Practitioner, Jan. 1996, Vol.14, No.1, p.20-23. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Employers liability insurance in the United Kingdom is discussed with particular reference to laboratory operators. The need for improved safety and health management in order to prevent accidents and ill-health and thus minimize insurance claims and costs is highlighted. A health and safety policy for laboratories is described based on risk assessment, training, and measuring and evaluating performance. A systematic management approach to the control of laboratory health and safety would be instrumental in preventing and defending claims under the employer's liability policy. (66478)

CIS 96-691 Development of hand eczema in junior hairdressers - An 8-year follow-up study. Majoie I.M.L., Von Blomberg B.M.E., Bruynzeel D.P., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1996, Vol.34, No.4, p.243-247. 30 ref. (In English)

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The development of hand eczema was evaluated in an eight-year follow-up study carried out in 51 junior hairdressers. Predisposing factors were investigated. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire to which there was a 74% response. None of the junior hairdressers presented with hand eczema at the start of the survey. After eight years, however, 51% had developed hand eczema. No significant difference in prevalence of hand eczema was found between practising and non-practising hairdressers (58% versus 33%). Development of hand eczema was not related to atopic constitution or nickel sensitivity. Dry skin type was associated with increased risk of developing hand eczema. (66841)

CIS 96-692 Personal radio transmitters protect employees - The life-saving call. (German: Personen-Notsignal-Anlage schützt Mitarbeiter - Der rettende Ruf) Morschheuser R., Krankenhaustechnik, Oct. 1995, Vol.21, No.10, p.29-31. Illus. (In German)

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An alarm system for the protection of hospital employees working in isolation is presented. A radio transmitter, worn during work in isolation, is capable of sensing unusual body movements such as a collapse. It automatically transmits a help signal to a manned receiving station. It can be combined with a cellular phone which automatically dials emergency numbers and plays a recorded call for help. This personal alarm system has been successfully in use for almost two years in a psychiatric hospital and in a large general hospital in Germany. (66851)

CIS 96-693 Work in operating rooms and pregnancy outcome among nurses. Saurel-Cubizolles M.J., Hays M., Estryn-Behar M., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.66, No.4, p.235-241. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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A survey of the outcome of 776 pregnancies among 418 nurses in 17 hospitals in Paris, France, during the period June 1987 and June 1989 revealed that the frequency of spontaneous abortions was significantly higher for nurses who worked in the operating room during pregnancy. It was also significantly higher for nurses exposed to a combination of anaesthetic gases, aqueous formaldehyde solution (Formol) and ionizing radiation during the first three months of pregnancy. (66890)

CIS 96-694 Skin problems among Danish dental technicians - A cross-sectional study. Mürer J.L., Poulsen O.M., Roed-Petersen J., Tüchsen F., Contact Dermatitis, July 1995, Vol.33, No.1. p.42-47. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional questionnaire study among 192 dental technicians at work was performed with an expanded version of a survey questionnaire used 10 years previously. The cumulative prevalence of skin problems on the hands was 53%. The one-year prevalence was 43%. The point prevalence was 36%. These figures were much higher than the figures reported for the general population, and they did not differ from those obtained in the study 10 years previously. The point prevalence of skin problems on the hands among individuals handling acrylates was 38% higher than among those who never worked with acrylates. No difference in the occurrence of skin problems was observed between individuals using gloves and those who did not use gloves while handling acrylates. The prevalence difference of skin problems on the fingertips was 7.3% between individuals handling acrylates daily or several times per week and individuals handling acrylates less frequently. (66892)

CIS 96-695 A descriptive study of health problems on car mechanics' hands. Moen B.E., Hollund B.E., Torp S., Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.45, No.6, p.318-322. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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In a questionnaire survey of 172 car mechanics, 14% reported white finger (Raynaud's phenomenon), 24% reported paraesthesias in the hands or arms, 41% reported dry skin on the hands, 46% reported hand eczema, and 28% had experienced more than 20 cuts on the hands during the previous year. Hand eczema, white finger and cuts on the hands were all associated with employment for less than 14 years as a car mechanic. Further surveillance of the working environment of car mechanics is required. (66458)

CIS 96-696 A detailed analysis of work-related injury among youth treated in emergency departments. Knight E.B., Castillo D.N., Layne L.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.793-805. 39 ref. (In English)

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Telephone interviews were conducted with 146 14-16 year-olds who had incurred an occupational injury during a two-month period. 32% of the injuries occurred as a result of using equipment. Over half the workers reported not having received prior training on how to avoid injury. The injury limited normal activities for at least 1 day for 68% of the subjects, and for more than a week for 25%; employment in retail trades, equipment use, lack of training and burn injuries were associated with increased limitation of normal activities. Results highlight target areas for intervention and evaluation. (66433)

CIS 96-697 Respiratory symptoms and lung function in wool textile workers. Zuskin E., Mustajbegovic J., Schachter E.N., Kanceljak B., Godnic-Cvar J., Sitar-Srebocan V., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.845-857. 33 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of respiratory symptoms among 216 wool textile workers and 130 non-exposed controls revealed a higher prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms in the wool workers. A high prevalence of acute symptoms associated with the work shift was also noted in the wool workers. Measurement of the wool workers' ventilatory capacity before and after the work shift revealed significant across-shift reductions. Dust concentrations were in general higher than those allowed by current Croatian standards. Dust exposure in wool textile mills may be associated with the development of chronic respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. (66435)

CIS 96-698 Factors in the sociocultural environment of child labourers: A study in a small scale leather goods industry in Calcutta. Mitra S., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.51, No.12, p.822-825. 7 ref. (In English)

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During a study of the occupational health of child workers in several small leather workshops, investigation was made of the sociocultural factors that made it necessary for the children, aged between 7 and 14 years, to work. The psychosocial effects of the same factors were also investigated. Personal interviews were carried out with a prepared questionnaire, and the findings were compared between the working children and a control group of the same number of non-working children from the neighbourhood, matched for age, sex and religion. The foremost cause of taking up employment by the children was poverty. The overall effects found were deprivation of education, lowering of expectations and a blunting of mental faculties. Prolonged, monotonous work in childhood that precludes education and healthy recreation is harmful to children. (66839)

CIS 96-699 Temporary workers in the nuclear industry. (French: Les intermittents du nucléaire) Doniol-Shaw G., Huez D., Sandret N., Octarès Editions, 24 rue de Nazareth, 31000 Toulouse, France, 1995. 250p. Price: FRF 180.00., ISBN 2-906769-20-7 (In French)

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This book presents the results of the first stage of an epidemiologic study on temporary workers directly exposed to ionizing radiation while performing maintenance work during shut down procedures in French nuclear plants. The results of this survey highlight the repercussions of the working conditions on workers from contracting firms in this industry and the influence that factors specific to work organization have on their psychological and physical health. These data as a whole constitute also a reference for future surveys as well as being a prevention instrument and a tool for immediate action to modify work situations. (66970)

CIS 96-700 The proposed removal of outdated agricultural health and safety legislation. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 24p. (In English)

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This consultation document invites views on the repeal/revocation of certain agricultural provisions identified during the Health and Safety Commission's review of regulations as being redundant. The legislation concerns threshers and balers, ladders, field machinery, safeguarding of workplaces and poisonous substances. The provisions to be revoked are described along with measures for the maintenance of health and safety standards by the use of more modern legislation. (66297)

CIS 96-701 Occupational health and safety performance overviews, selected industries. Issue No.9 - Agriculture and services to agriculture industries. Cole B., Foley G., National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Dec. 1995. viii, 38p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This report highlights potential safety and health problem areas in agriculture and services to agriculture industries in Australia. Statistics on occupational injuries and diseases are based on workers' compensation data for the year 1992-93 and are analyzed by agricultural sector, jurisdiction, occupation, age group and sex, and by the nature, bodily location, mechanism and agency of the injury or disease and by the time of accident. Time lost and costs are also analyzed. Safety and health performance was significantly poorer than in Australian industry in general; most occurrences were among agricultural labourers and sheep-shearers. (66373)

CIS 96-702 Marine medical research collection: Extracts from the Japanese Journals of Maritime Medicine. SEMPOS (The Seamen's Insurance Foundation), 5-6 Shibuya 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan, 1995. xvi, 744p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Translation from the Japanese of 134 research papers published during the period 1958-1994. The papers are classified according to the following topics: introduction to marine medicine; studies of the effects on the health of seamen of living on a ship; statistical studies of illnesses, injuries and accidents of seamen; studies on the health conditions of seamen's insurance pensioners; studies on medical counsel for ships at sea; studies on the care of sick and injured seamen at sea; studies of infectious diseases in seamen; studies of various issues related to illnesses, injuries and accidents among seamen; clinical studies of adult diseases among seamen; studies on the health care of seamen. In annex: future maritime medicine research topics. (66381)

CIS 96-703 Mortality patterns in chemical workers. Kielkowski D., Coombs M., Department of National Health and Population Development, P.O. Box 4788, Johannesburg 2000, Republic of South Africa, 1995. iv, 18p. 7 ref. (In English)

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Mortality patterns were investigated in 231 South African chemical workers who died between 1989 and 1993. Compared to the South African general male population, overall mortality was not elevated in either blacks or whites. In white workers, overall mortality by cause was increased for genito-urinary system diseases, circulatory diseases, lymphatic and haemopoietic tissue neoplasms and brain cancer. Black workers also showed increased mortality from genito-urinary causes and circulatory diseases. The consistent finding of increased mortality from non-malignant genito-urinary causes in both race groups warrants further investigation. (66620)

CIS 96-704 Investigation of working conditions in the dyestuff and varnish industry. (Portuguese: Avaliação de condições de trabalho na indústria de tintas e vernizes) Mayan O., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho, Pr. de Alvalade 1, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal, 1995. 31p. 11 ref., ISBN 972-704-129-9 (In Portuguese)

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Contents of this monograph on working conditions in the dyestuff and varnish industry: definition of the industrial sector; methodology of the investigation: choosing the sample of plants to be investigated, hazard identification (main hazards: inhalation of chemicals, noise, thermal stress, contact with chemicals capable of penetration through the skin); risk quantification; results (concentration of pollutants with and without exposure hazard; noise levels); impact of the hazards encountered on workers' health; basic preventive strategies. (66653)

CIS 96-705 Offshore safety research and development programme - Project handbooks 1993/94 and 1994/95. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994 and 1996. xx, 178p. and xix, 137p. Index. Price: GBP 22.00 and GBP 17.50., ISBN 0-7176-0730-5, ISBN 0-7176-1090-X (In English)

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These two handbooks provide information on research and development projects currently in progress or recently completed by the Offshore Safety Division of the Health and Safety Executive. Projects are listed under 17 programme areas. Information provided includes status, name and address of contractor, cost, and objectives and background of the project. Project keywords are indexed. (66936)

CIS 96-706 The proposed removal of outdated textile and anthrax prevention health and safety legislation. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 38p. (In English)

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This consultation document invites views on the repeal/revocation of certain textile and anthrax prevention provisions identified during the Health and Safety Commission's review of regulations as being redundant. The legislation concerns artificial humidification, use of kiers and cotton shuttles in the textile industry and the Anthrax Prevention Order 1971. The provisions to be revoked are described along with measures for the maintenance of health and safety standards by the use of more modern legislation. A cost benefit assessment of the proposed revocation is presented. (66296)

CIS 96-707 Working conditions of women in the nursing services of a hospital. (Spanish: Condiciones de trabajo de la mujer en el área de enfermería de un hospital) Algarín Fiestas M.I., Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 55p. Illus. 33 ref., ISBN 84-7425-432-9 (In Spanish)

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After an overview of the situation of women in the workforce in Europe, and in Spain in particular (proportion of women in the workforce, regional health strategy of the WHO, risk prevention and health promotion at the workplace, factors of work load - physical, mental, psychological and social), this document reviews various aspects of the work of nurses in hospitals: ergonomics of nursing work (tasks, physical environment, socio-occupational factors, secondary factors); past research into the matter). The survey itself concerned >1000 women working in a Sevilla hospital. Data were obtained from the personnel files of the hospital, answers to a questionnaire survey distributed to the women, and information obtained from interviews with about a quarter of the women. Results are presented in function of the age, job classification, professional category, married status, number of children, commuting time and availability of household help. Environmental factors that bothered more than half the women were high temperatures, standing at work >6h per day, bending down >10 times per hour; less than half were bothered by noise, inadequate lighting, conditions of the resting room and the service areas. Other areas explored by the survey included: mental and psychological stress, lack of proper training, lack of communication with superiors, dissatisfaction with the work schedule. The study ends with a list of suggested improvements. (66655)

CIS 96-708 A report into safety at outdoor activity centres. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 38p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1144-2 (In English)

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This report presents the results of a programme of visits to 311 outdoor activity centres in the United Kingdom. Findings are discussed in relation to safety policy, risk assessments, instructor qualifications and training, maintenance of equipment, emergency procedures, accident reporting, and monitoring of safety standards. Overall, safety was well managed and legal requirements were met by most outdoor activity providers. At follow-up visits, providers were found to have taken required remedial actions. The proposed licensing scheme for certain activities should further improve safety standards in this sector. (66809)

CIS 96-709 Technical rules on hazardous substances TRGS 520 - Building and operating sites for the collection of hazardous substances from households, commercial and public institutions. (German: Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoff TRGS 520 - Errichtung und Betrieb von Sammelstellen für gefährliche Abfälle aus Haushalten, gewerblichen und öffentlichen Einrichtungen) Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1993. 27p., ISBN 3-89429-367-5 (In German)

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This publication in the series "Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances" deals with the construction and operation of stationary and mobile collection stations for harmful waste, in particular safe layout and design of such installations and of related equipment. Special regard is given to fire protection and fire fighting. Required qualifications of personnel operating the collection stations and protective measures for the personnel are outlined. For example, the required protective measures for personnel include: monitoring compliance with maximum allowable workplace concentrations and the supply of personal protective equipment. (66880)

CIS 96-710 Approved code of practice for safety and health in tree work. Part 2: Maintenance of trees around power lines. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Feb. 1996. 80p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03591-4 (In English)

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This code of practice sets out safety requirements for pruning, maintaining and removing trees and for cutting scrub near electric live power lines. Contents: electrical hazards associated with tree work near overhead power lines; training of workers; general safety precautions; protective clothing; fire protection; minimum approach distances from live power lines; safe use of tools and equipment (elevating platform vehicles, ropes, ladders, safety harnesses, pruning tools); safe working methods (competent worker zone, close working zone). In appendix: basic electrical knowledge. (66803)

CIS 96-711 Escape and rescue from mines. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 60p. Illus. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-0939-1 (In English)

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This approved code of practice gives practical guidance on the Escape and Rescue from Mines Regulations 1995. Contents: general duties of owners, managers and employers; escape and emergency organization (emergency plan, emergency accommodation, emergency equipment, mine plans for emergency use, warning and other communication systems, arrangements for escape, training and information); general rescue duties; rescue team and conduct of rescue operations (selection and training of rescue team members, training in use of breathing apparatus, medical examination and fitness to undertake rescue work, role of rescue officers and manager). (66299)

CIS 96-712 High-visibility clothing. (French: Vêtements de signalisation à haute visibilité) Organisme professionnel de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Nov.-Dec. 1995, No.6, 4p. Insert. Illus. (In French)

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Safety data sheet concerning the characteristics of high-visibility work clothing to be worn for by construction workers going about on foot on construction sites in France. Such workers are in fact "obstacles" for normal drivers as well as for the operators of construction equipment and vehicles, which is why they must wear highly visible clothing. Dimensioned designs of such clothing, based on French standard NF EN 471, illustrate the text. (66332)

CIS 96-713 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994: The health and safety plan during the construction phase; The health and safety file. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 6p. 5 ref. (In English)

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These two information sheets provide guidance on specific aspects of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-13). The required content of the construction phase health and safety plan is outlined including requirements for the specification of arrangements for managing and organizing the project. The required content of the health and safety file (information for the client or end user) is also outlined along with its future use. (66342)

CIS 96-714 Workplace design: Obligations of the contractor - Regulations. (French: Conception des lieux de travail: obligations des maîtres d'ouvrage - Réglementation) Leroy A., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1st ed., 1994. 80p. Illus. Index., ISBN 2-7389-0328-2 (In French)

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This documents contains a summary of the legal responsibilities of construction contractors, architects and others in France concerning the safe design and layout of workplaces. These responsibilities include: siting, on-site traffic, fire protection, ventilation, heating, lighting, personnel welfare facilities. (66756)

CIS 96-715 Contractors in schools: Information for head teachers, school governors and bursars. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Feb. 1996. 10p. 10 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet provides guidance on health and safety aspects related to the use of contractors in schools. Duties and responsibilities of employers and contractors are outlined along with guidance on selecting the contractor, planning, organizing and controlling the work, contract completion, and the requirements of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-13). (66762)

CIS 96-716 Elements of a laboratory health and safety management system. Division of Workplace Health and Safety, Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial Relations, Forbes House, 30 Makerston Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia, 1994. 68p. 18 ref. Price: AUD 5.00., ISBN 0-7242-5799-3 (In English)

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This guide provides advice for managers and operators of laboratories on the development of an effective health and safety management system. Contents: policies and procedures; employee consultation; quality assurance in health and safety; information and training; risk management principles; types of hazard and their control; animal handling; storage and transport of hazardous substances; waste management; emergency planning; records and documentation; safety audit principles and methods. (66666)

CIS 96-717 Facts for freelances: Health and safety in broadcasting and the performing arts. Health and Safety Executive, Joint Advisory Committee for Broadcasting and the Performing Arts, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1995. 19p. 10 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet provides guidance on accident prevention in broadcasting and the performing arts where much of the work is done by freelance personnel. Contents: basic safety and health guidelines; risk assessment; legal duties of employers, the self-employed, suppliers and others; responsibilities of freelances; safety checklist. (66763)

CIS 96-718 RIDDOR offshore. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1996. 10p. 1 ref. (In English)

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This booklet outlines the requirements of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) (see CIS 95-1930) as they relate to offshore workers. Brief guidance is given on reportable events and the person responsible for reporting; the reporting procedure and time allowed for reporting; record keeping; types of major injuries, dangerous occurrences and diseases to be reported. A sample reporting form is included. (66806)

CIS 96-719 Construction handbook: Prevention of occupational accidents and diseases in the construction and civil engineering sector. (French: Aide-mémoire BTP - Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles dans le bâtiment et les travaux publics) Voisin J.C., Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 127p. Illus. Index., ISBN 2-7389-0380-0 (In French)

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The aim of this amply illustrated handbook is to help communications among all those concerned with safety and health on construction sites in France, in part by providing an overview of relevant legislation in effect at the end of 1994, with particular attention paid to the Law of 31 Dec. 1993 on temporary or mobile construction sites. Main topics covered: general safety organization (accident and disease prevention, regulations, organizations concerned, site coordination); safety measures within the enterprise (obligations, support available to management, rules relating to employment conditions, personal protective equipment, responsibilities and penalties); technical measures (construction site organization, materials and equipment, hazards, welfare facilities, first aid). (66757)

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CIS 96-720 An ergonomic design and performance evaluation of handy scanners by males. Lee Y.H., Weng J., Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1995, Vol.26, No.6, p.425-430. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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Three types of hand scanner were evaluated in terms of performance, posture used, strain on the forearm musculature and subjective ratings. The two commercially available models required a thumb-forefinger side grip or a thumb-finger grip; a proposed model, based on ergonomic design considerations, required a thumb-finger-palmar grip. Performance evaluation by 19 male subjects indicated that the proposed model resulted in a higher success rate, a shorter completion time, the smallest self-selected working area, least strain on the forearm muscles, and highest subjective ratings. Results justify the consideration of ergonomic factors in future scanner design. (66470)

CIS 96-721 Ergonomic organization of workstations equipped with a VDU terminal or a computer. (Portuguese: Organização ergonômica do posto de trabalho com terminal ou com microcomputador) de Araújo Couto H., Revista CIPA, Feb. 1996, Vol.17, No.195, p.72-74. Illus. (In Portuguese)

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Contents of this ergonomic treatment of VDU work: basic layout of VDU workstations; ergonomic issues of particular types of VDU work (data entry, word processing, computer-based information, desktop publishing); general work involving computers (e.g. managers, administrative personnel etc.). (66493)

CIS 96-722 Compensatory rest breaks for VDT operators. Henning R.A., Kissel G.V., Maynard D.C., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1994, Vol.14, No.5, p.243-249, 19 ref. (In English)

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Discomfort associated with continuous visual display terminal (VDT) use can be moderated by short rest breaks at 10 or 15-min intervals. This laboratory study evaluated an alternative break administration system in which operators only received short breaks when their spontaneous rest pauses were inadequate. Typists (n=38) were assigned to one of two conditions, regimented (20sec breaks every 5min) or compensatory (20sec breaks every 5min if spontaneous pauses totalled less than 17sec), during a 48-min period. Although the number and length of computer-administered breaks decreased in the compensatory condition, no differences in work performance, operator mood, or acceptance of the break system were found. However, back discomfort was lower in the compensatory condition. These findings suggest that a compensatory rest break system can eliminate unnecessary task interruptions and be as effective as a regimented break schedule in ensuring that operators do not perform computer work continuously. (66624)

CIS 96-723 Computer-aided design (CAD) tasks - Physical factors and ergonomic guidelines. (French: Tâches de conception assistée par ordinateur - Environnement physique et dimensionnement du poste) Cail F., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1995, No.161, Note No.2005-161-95, p.489-496. Illus. 21 ref. (In French)

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Workplaces representing different types of computer-aided design tasks were analyzed in eight firms. The data gathered concern the equipment used, data presentation, workplace dimensions and the physical environment. As a rule, the optical quality of VDU screens is good. Workplace design and layout, however, are not always suitable for CAD tasks. Specific ergonomic guidelines are proposed for CAD work. (66864)

CIS 96-724 Techno-stress: A prospective psychophysiological study of the impact of a controlled stress-reduction program in advanced telecommunication systems design work. Arnetz B.B., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.53-65. Illus. 43 ref. (In English)

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A group of advanced telecommunication systems design workers participated in one of three stress-reduction training programmes based on relaxation techniques. Psychophysiological assessments were carried out before and after the programme. Compared to a reference group, the intervention group showed a significant improvement with regard to circulating levels of the stress-sensitive hormone prolactin, an attenuation in mental strain, improvement in cardiovascular risk factors and a decrease in circulating thrombocytes. The type of programme chosen did not affect the results. While the programmes alleviated some of the stress in these workers, more attention should be paid to the design of healthy work environments. (66615)

CIS 96-725 Internet - A must for OSH specialists. (French: Internet - Voie incontournable pour les spécialistes en SST) Richards R., Travail et santé, June 1996, Vol.12, No.2, p.53-56. (In French)

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This article issued following a seminar held in March 1996 in Montreal (Canada) highlights the numerous possibilities offered by the Internet for research on prevention. Three sites are presented with relevant data (addresses, access, specialty, etc.): that of Turva in Finland, SIRI of the University of Vermont in the USA, that of the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) in Hamilton (Ontario) and an additional site specialized in ergonomics (ERGOWEB) of the University of Utah (USA). The advantages of the Internet for OSH specialists are outlined as are its drawbacks, including the fact that research on the net can be very time-consuming. (66969)

CIS 96-726 Work with robots. (Portuguese: O trabalho com robots) Faria M.G.L., Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho, Pr. de Alvalade 1, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal, 1996. 39p. 18 ref., ISBN 972-704-132-9 (In Portuguese)

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Contents of this introduction to the relationship between robots and the workplace: the position of labour unions and the attitude of workers towards automation in the workplace; types of robots and levels of automation (variations in the "teaching" of robots, principal robot control systems, characteristics of robot movement); advantages of robot use; disadvantages of robot use and methods for reducing them; safety and robot use (work areas, programming and maintenance, theoretical and practical training of workers); robots in Portugal. (66657)

CIS 96-727 Information technology in production engineering. (German: Informationstechnologie in der Fertigungstechnik) Schreiber P., Kuhn K., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. ix, 137p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: DM 27.50., ISBN 3-89429-633-X (In German)

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The influence of new hardware and software technologies on production engineering and occupational safety and health is described. The following new technologies are covered: speech recognition and speech synthesis; pattern recognition; mobile robots; neuronal networks. These technologies have made the tasks of employees more intellectually complex and demanding. Employees who can cope with new tasks are of greater value to the company. Accidents and work-related illnesses have a greater impact and make safety and health promotion in companies more important. (66902)

CIS 96-728 Computer control and human error. Kletz T., Chung P., Broomfield E., Shen-Orr C., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 120p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 32.00., ISBN 0-85295-362-3 (In English)

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This book describes incidents which have occurred in computer-controlled process plants and suggests actions for their prevention. Incidents are classified as: equipment faults; software faults; treating the computer as a 'black box' which will do what is required without the need to understand how; misjudging the way operators respond to the computer; errors in data entered in the computer; failure to tell operators of changes in data or programmes; and interference with hardware or software. The application of hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies to computer-controlled process plants is described and a final chapter examines reasons why computer-controlled systems fail. (66371)

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CIS 96-729 Neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to xylene and mixed organic solvents in shipyard spray painters. Ruijten M.W.M.M., Hooisma J., Brons J.T., Habets C.E.P., Emmen H.H., Muijser H., Neurotoxicology, Fall 1994, Vol.15, No.3, p.613-620. 33 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional study was performed in shipyard painters exposed to organic solvents and age-matched referents. The work duties of the painters mainly involved spray painting with solvent-based paints containing > 50% xylene. Results indicate that complaints regarding mood changes, equilibrium and fatigue were more severe in painters than in controls, but were not related to the estimated life-time exposure index. Decreased nerve function was observed in the lower extremities and to some extent in the upper extremities. The refractory period appeared to be a sensitive parameter in motor nerves. Most neurophysiological parameters investigated were significantly related to the exposure index. Behavioural testing revealed impairment of simple visuo-motor performance and complex perceptual coding. A relationship between effects on perceptual coding and the exposure index was also demonstrated. (66644)

CIS 96-730 Performance of painting booths equipped with down-draft ventilation. Goyer N., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1995, Vol.56, No.3, p.258-265. Illus. 14 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-731 Lead, chromium, and cadmium emission factors during abrasive blasting operations by bridge painters. Conroy L.M., Menezes Lindsay R.M., Sullivan P.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1995, Vol.56, No.3, p.266-271. 26 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-732 Sampling and analysis of isocyanates in spray-painting operations. Rudzinski W.E., Dahlquist B., Svejda S.A., Richardson A., Thomas T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1995, Vol.56, No.3, p.284-289. 26 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-733 Occupational exposures to fibers and quartz at 19 crushed stone mining and milling operations. Kullman G.J., Greife A.L., Costello J., Hearl F.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.641-660. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Occupational exposure at 19 crushed stone operations was evaluated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) during the period 1979 to 1982. Asbestos fibres were detected at one traprock facility; most samples were below permissible limits. A variety of other silicate mineral fibres were detected in traprock operations and at one granite operation. Overexposure to crystalline silica was detected at 16 of the 19 operations studied; mill operators and labourers consistently had the highest and most frequent overexposure. It is considered that a significant silicosis risk and a potential lung cancer risk exists for workers in this industry. Glossary of terms. (66312)

CIS 96-734 Orientation bias of the isolated 10-mm nylon cyclone at low stream velocity. Kar K., Gautam M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1090-1098. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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The sampling efficiency of a 10-mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone was determined in an open circuit wind tunnel. Polydispersed anthracite coal particles were fed into the tunnel and measurements were made for different sampler orientations and sampling flow rates. The bias was found to be maximum at the 0° orientation, followed by 90° and 180° orientations. A negative bias of -51% was found at a sampling flow rate of 2.0L/min. Results highlight the shortcomings of the sampler which is used extensively in dust compliance monitoring in US coal mines. (66324)

CIS 96-735 Rapid determination of metal particles on air sampling filters using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Arnold S.D., Cremers D.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1180-1186. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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A rapid method of analysis for metal particles is described. Thallium particles (in the form of thallic oxide) were collected by passing contaminated air through a filter or by wiping a contaminated surface with a filter. The mass of thallium particles on the filters was determined in less than one minute using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique: a series of laser sparks was formed across the filter surface which vaporized the particles and excited the resulting atoms; thallium was detected by temporally and spectrally resolving the spark light. The method may be developed for the analysis of other types of metal particles. (66412)

CIS 96-736 Respirable free silica: A comparison of the occupational exposure limits. Wlliams P.L., Parker M.S., Middendorf P.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1229-1231. 10 ref. (In English)

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Three commonly used occupational exposure limits for respirable (quartz) silica are compared: the ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV), the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL), and the OSHA permissible exposure level (PEL). The significance of the differences in these values at various airborne concentrations is discussed. Silica is the only substance with an established OSHA PEL that (depending on the concentration present) can be below, exceed, or equal the ACGIH TLV or NIOSH REL values. Thus, compliance with the silica TLV or REL does not always result in compliance with the OSHA PEL. (66419)

CIS 96-737 Airway responsiveness to methacholine, respiratory symptoms, and dust exposure levels in grain and flour mill workers in eastern France. Massin N., Bohadana A.B., Wild P., Kolopp-Sarda M.N., Toamain J.P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.859-869. 35 ref. (In English)

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A study of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and airway responsiveness to methacholine was carried out among 118 workers in 11 grain and flour mills in eastern France. Dust concentrations were measured by personal sampling. There was a greater prevalence of pulmonary symptoms (chronic cough/phlegm and chronic bronchitis) among the mill workers than among a non-exposed control group; the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was significantly related to cumulative dust exposure. Results of the methacholine airway challenge test revealed a significant relation between dust exposure and airway hyper-responsiveness. Mill workers exposed to grain and flour dust are at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. (66436)

CIS 96-738 Asbestos-induced visceral pleural fibrosis reduces pulmonary compliance. Valkila E.H., Nieminen M.M., Moilanen A.K., Kuusisto P.A., Lahdensuo A.H.S., Karvonen J.I., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.363-372. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 59 asbestos-exposed construction workers with asbestos-related changes on chest radiographs, visceral pleural fibrosis (VPF) was diagnosed in 29 subjects: seven had only VPF, 17 had VPF and pleural plaques and five had VPF, plaques and asbestosis. Pulmonary function testing revealed that subjects with VPF had significantly lower static and dynamic compliance values than those without VPF. Other respiratory function variables failed to show any significant differences. It was concluded that measurement of static and dynamic compliance is a useful method in assessing pulmonary function impairment caused by visceral pleural fibrosis. (66515)

CIS 96-739 Three cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with bullae seen in schoolteachers. Ohtsuka Y., Munakata M, Homma Y., Masaki Y., Ohe M, Doi I., Amishima M, Kimura K., Ishikura H., Yoshiki T., Kawakami Y., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.425-435. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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Three cases are presented of Japanese school teachers with chronic interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae throughout the lungs. Analysis of lung mineral contents revealed that the deposition of total dust, inorganic dust, non-silica inorganic dust and calcium was higher than that in four control cases with the same disease; the amount of free silica in one case and alpha-quartz in another were also higher than in the controls. Much of the chalk produced in Japan is still made from gypsum with small amounts of silica and other minerals, in addition to calcium. Findings indicate the deposition of chalk in the lungs of these patients. (66520)

CIS 96-740 Causation, impairment, disability: An analysis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis evaluations. Prince T.S., Frank A.L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.77-82. 18 ref. (In English)

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Impairment evaluation data for a group of 374 coal miners who filed for disability for coalworkers' pneumoconiosis were reviewed. Several pulmonary function variables declined in association with years mining, even after controlling for smoking and roentgenograph findings of pneumoconiosis. Of the 203 cases settled, 157 (77%) received some kind of disability payment, although only 49 (24%) had a roentgenograph positive for pneumoconiosis. Among 59 with completely normal roentgenographs and pulmonary function tests, 38 received some disability award. Findings support development of a more rational impairment/disability system for those with potential coal dust disease. (66618)

CIS 96-741 Epidemiology studies of synthetic vitreous fibers: Methods used and current studies. Chiazze L., Watkins D.K., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.3, Pt.2, p.S58-S67. 12 ref. (In English)

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Epidemiologic designs (case control, cohort, and surveillance) and measures of association are discussed in the context of studies in the synthetic vitreous fibres industry. Current investigations are described. The importance of internal validity and the need to account for confounding are demonstrated. Estimates of the prevalence of smoking have been used to adjust a previously reported statistically significant lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for an Owens-Corning company plant. After adjusting for the confounding effect of cigarette smoking, the Owens-Corning SMR based on national mortality rates is reduced to a statistically insignificant 107.7. While smoking does not account for all of the excess lung cancer mortality in this population compared to US mortality, these investigations show that plant exposures including respirable glass fibres are not responsible for the remaining excess. (66638)

CIS 96-742 A multiyear workplace-monitoring program for refractory ceramic fibers. Maxim L.D., Kelly W.P., Walters T., Waugh R., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.3, Pt.2, p.S200-S215. Illus. 46 ref. (In English)

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This paper summarizes interim results of a five-year workplace monitoring programme conducted by firms belonging to the Refractory Ceramic Fibers Coalition (RCFC) pursuant to a Consent Agreement with the US EPA. This paper reviews the refractory ceramic fibre (RCF) industry, findings of animal bioassay and epidemiological investigations, and the regulatory approach used by EPA. In brief, the programme will gather 720 time-weighted average (TWA) workplace concentration measurements annually, partitioned among eight functional job classifications, both from plants that manufacture and from those that process or use RCF. Statistical analyses reveal that: workplace airborne RCF concentration data are approximately log-normally distributed; 93% of workplace TWAs are beneath the industry's recommended exposure guideline of one fibre per cubic centimetre; there are significant differences in average workplace RCF concentrations among job types. (66639)

CIS 96-743 Dispersion of respirable aerosols in a fermenter and their removal in an exhaust system. Juozaitis A., Huang Y.L., Willeke K., Donnelly J., Kalatoor S., Leeson A., Wyza R., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1994, Vol.9, No.8, p.552-559. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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To study the potential release of aerosols from a fermenter, a measurement system was developed to explore respirable aerosol formation characteristics and controllability. The data indicated that the majority of effluent aerosol particles released were in the submicrometer range. This includes bacteria and growth products. Particle concentration counts in the exhaust system increased by a factor of 100 during the fermentation process. This dramatic increase was shown to correlate with bacterial growth, foaming, and subsequent breaking of the uppermost foam layer into small droplets by the mechanical foam breaker. The ceramic filter in the exhaust system of the fermenter removed over 98% of the aerosol particles by count larger than 0.7µm diameter, but up to 50% by count of the 0.1 to 0.3µm particles were released into the ambient air. Thus, while the exhaust removes most of the particle mass, extremely small bacteria may escape to the environment. (66649)

CIS 96-744 Exposure to asbestos and man-made mineral fibres. Nationwide investigation in the construction and civil engineering sectors. (French: Exposition à l'amiante et aux fibres minérales artificielles. Enquête nationale dans le bâtiment et les travaux publics) Abecassis J.C., Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.62, p.107-112. (In French)

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The purpose of this nationwide investigation conducted in France was to arrive at a better understanding of current levels of risk tied to the utilization of natural (asbestos) and artificial (rock wool, glass wool, brass, ceramic) fibres in the construction industry. Conclusions: the risk of asbestosis is present in various work situations; there is a real risk to workers near construction sites; work in enclosed spaces can be a hazard to workers, who are often unaware of the risk; there is a large number of workers who are habitually exposed, and there is an almost complete lack of environmental measurement data concerning such situations. The primary role of information and training in making workers aware of the risk is stressed. (66696)

CIS 96-745 Asbestos bodies in lung tissue following exposure to crocidolite. Williams V., de Klerk N.H., Whitaker D., Musk A.W., Shilkin K.B., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.489-495. 11 ref. (In English)

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Routine asbestos body counts in lung tissue from 206 autopsies in Western Australia were analyzed. Counts for 32 cases who had worked in the asbestos industry (mining and milling of crocidolite) correlated well with estimates of their cumulative airborne exposure to crocidolite fibres. No other exposure variables, including time since ceasing exposure or age, had any significant effects on body count. It is concluded that the relatively simple technique of light microscopy for counting asbestos bodies in lung tissue provides a reliable indication of past occupational exposure to crocidolite in subjects whose exposure has been only to crocidolite. (66733)

CIS 96-746 Altered partition of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy workers exposed to flour dust. Kolopp-Sarda M.N., Bene M.C., Massin N., Wild P., Faure G.C., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.497-504. 24 ref. (In English)

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Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were investigated in 34 bakers and 82 millers exposed to wheat flour dust, and in 51 unexposed controls. The mill workers showed a significantly altered partition of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Milder differences were noted between the controls and the bakers, who were exposed to lower concentrations of flour dust. Both groups of flour-exposed workers, however, appeared to have higher white blood cell counts than controls. It is suggested that these subtle adjustments of the immune system to environmental challenges could be responsible for the overall healthy state of the workers observed. (66734)

CIS 96-747 Industrial fibres - A technical and commercial review. Hodgson A.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Apr.1993, Vol.37, No.2, p.203-210. 8 ref. (In English)

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Properties, costs and availabilities are reviewed for a number of raw materials in current use, or having potential use, as replacements for asbestos fibre. These include: glass fibres and mineral wools; ceramic or refractory fibres; a number of minerals in fibrous or particulate form; some specific synthetic and natural organic fibres. The appendices summarize the comparative costs, availabilities and properties of the alternative raw materials, and a tabulation of fibrous and particulate materials used in major product groups (fibre reinforced cement, insulation materials, friction materials, reinforced plastics, etc.). (66745)

CIS 96-748 Radiographic abnormalities and mortality in subjects with exposure to crocidolite. de Klerk N.H., Musk A.W., Cookson W.O.C.M., Glancy J.J., Hobbs M.S.T., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.50, No.10, p.902-906. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Plain chest radiographs from a one in six random sample of the workforce of the asbestos industry at Wittenoom, Western Australia, between 1943 and 1966, were classified for degree of profusion and pleural thickening by two independent observers according to the 1980 UICC-ILO Classification of Radiographs. The aim was to clarify the effect of degree of radiological abnormality on survival. A total of 1,106 subjects were selected, the age, cumulative exposure to crocidolite, and time since first exposure of each being determined from employment records. The study showed that the degree of radiographic abnormality has an independent effect on mortality from malignant mesothelioma, asbestosis, and all causes even after allowing for the effects of age, degree of exposure, and time since first exposure. (66747)

CIS 96-749 Further evidence of human silica nephrotoxicity in occupationally exposed workers. Ng T.P., Lee H.S., Phoon W.H., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.50, No.10, p.907-912. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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It has previously been shown that granite workers with heavy exposure to silica had glomerular and proximal tubular dysfunction evidenced by increased urinary excretions of albumin. The investigation was replicated in another group of granite workers to further elucidate the exposure effect relation. The urinary excretion of albumin, α-1-microglobulin (AMG), β-2-microglobulin (BMG), and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) was determined in two groups of granite workers with low and high exposure to silica. Low molecular weight proteinuria and enzymuria were significantly correlated with duration of exposure in the high but not the low exposure group. These increases were most pronounced in those with 10 or more years of heavy exposure, and in those with radiological evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, particularly those with rounded small opacities denoting classical silicosis. These results provide further evidence that prolonged and heavy exposure to silica is associated with nephrotoxic effects in granite workers. (66748)

CIS 96-750 A numerical study of dispersion and local exhaust capture of aerosols generated from a variety of sources and airflow conditions. Madsen U., Fontaine J.R., Nielsen P.V., Aubertin G., Breum N.O., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.134-141. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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A numerical model was developed to describe the effect of aerosol source and airflow conditions on the dispersion and local exhaust capture of aerosol contaminants. Parameters discussed include particle diameter, density and initial velocity, the influence of obstacles and airflow patterns, particle relaxation time, aerodynamic diameter, and stopping distance. It was concluded that local exhaust capture of passively emitted particles can be described by particle relaxation time and the vertical air velocity at the emission point. The influence of particle initial velocity is limited compared to imposed airflow conditions. (66773)

CIS 96-751 Aspiration efficiency and inlet wall deposition in the fiber sampling cassette. Chen C.C., Baron P.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.142-152. Illus. 50 ref. (In English)

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Use of the 25-mm diameter sampling cassette with a 50-mm long conductive inlet may result in fibre deposits in the inlet rather than on the collection filter. A semiempirical model was used to calculate aspiration efficiency and inlet deposition for compact particles. Results of the model agreed well with laboratory measurements, but field measurements of fibres showed higher inlet deposition than predicted. Some of this additional deposition not predicted by the model may be due to extrapolation outside the model's original range, but may also be due to electrostatic effects or sample handling. Recommendations are made for sampling with this type of cassette. (66774)

CIS 96-752 Evaluation of a chemical spot-test kit for the detection of airborne particulate lead in the workplace. Ashley K., Fischbach T.J., Song R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.161-165. 19 ref. (In English)

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In an evaluation of a rhodizonate-based spot-test kit, more than 350 air samples were collected at abrasive blasting lead paint abatement sites. Filter samples were tested with the kit and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experimental data were statistically modelled to estimate the performance parameters of the kit. The identification limit of the kit was approximately 3.6µg/filter sample. 95% confidence of a positive reading was found for lead mass values above approximately 10µg Pb/filter; 95% confidence of a negative reading was found for lead masses below approximately 0.6µg Pb/filter. The kit may be used for on-site screening of lead in workplace air. (66776)

CIS 96-753 Exposure to airborne metals in the manufacture and maintenance of hard metal and stellite blades. Linnainmaa M., Kangas J., Kalliokoski P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996. Vol.57, No.2, p.196-201. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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A study of exposure to airborne metals during blade servicing (resharpening) in 16 workplaces in Finland showed that workers grinding hard metal blades may be exposed to high levels of airborne cobalt, even when airborne total dust concentrations are low. The respirable portion of the total dust was high. Most of the airborne cobalt was water-soluble, but there were also solid particles containing cobalt and other metals in the workplace air. The mean concentration of cobalt in the grinding coolants was high. Concentrations of all other metals were low. Recommendations include enclosure of grinding machines, local exhaust ventilation and use of coolants which dissolve lower amounts of cobalt. (66801)

CIS 96-754 Asbestos removal in an office building - Efficacy of personal protection. (French: Opérations de désamiantage dans un immeuble de bureaux - Efficacité de la protection individuelle) Villa M., Hubert G., Lima S., Kauffer E., Héry M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1995, No.161, Note No.2002-161-95, p.463-467. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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Workplace protection factors (WPFs) were determined for a powered respiratory protective device using four different power units in succession during the removal of sprayed asbestos in an office building. The test subjects concerned wore clothing specially designed for airtightness at the arm, leg and neck joints. The paper describes working conditions, WFP determination methods and difficulties encountered: asbestos removal methods, decontamination, air sampling (duration, flow variation, filter installation). All exposure levels measured were below the chrysotile limit value. The most conclusive test results were obtained with a power unit that gave WPFs of between 400 and 10,000, most readings being in excess of 3,000. The study highlights the importance of the right personal protection for the working conditions concerned, but no explanation was found for the poorest efficiency levels: the test procedure was identical in every case and no particular incidents were reported. (66861)

CIS 96-755 Deposition and retention of inhaled fibres: Effects on incidence of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Lippmann M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.51, No.12, p.793-798. Illus. 35 ref. (In English)

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A review of the literature on chronic inhalation studies in which rats were exposed to mineral fibres at known fibre number concentrations was undertaken to examine the specific roles of fibre length and composition on the incidence of both lung cancer and mesothelioma. For lung cancer, the percentage of lung tumours (y) could be described by a relation of the form y = a + bf + cf², where f is the concentration of fibre numbers and a, b and c are fitted constants. The correlation coefficients seemed to be independent of fibre type. By contrast, for mesothelioma, the (low) tumour yields seemed to be highly dependent upon fibre type. Combining the data from various studies by fibre type, the percentage of mesotheliomas was 0.6% for Zimbabwe (Rhodesian) chrysotile, 2.5% for the various amphiboles as a group and 4.7% for Quebec (Canadian) chrysotile. (66875)

CIS 96-756 Malignant mesothelioma: Attributable risk of asbestos exposure. Spirtas R., Heineman E.F., Bernstein L., Beebe G.W., Keehn R.J., Stark A., Harlow B.L., Benichou J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1994, Vol.51, No.12, p.804-811. 66 ref. (In English)

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A case-control study of malignant mesothelioma was evaluated through patterns of exposure to asbestos based upon information from telephone interviews with next of kin. Potential cases, identified from medical files and death certificates, included all people diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma and registered during 1975-1980 by the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program, the New York State Cancer Registry (excluding New York City), and 39 large Veterans Administration hospitals. Cases whose diagnosis was confirmed in a special pathology review as definite or probable mesothelioma (n=208) were included in the analysis. Among men with pleural mesothelioma or peritoneal cancer, the attributable risk (AR) for exposure to asbestos was 88% and 58%, respectively. For women (both sites combined), the AR was 23%. Most of the pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas in the men studied were attributable to exposure to asbestos. The situation in women was less definitive. (66877)

CIS 96-757 Comparison of aerosol sampling with shrouded and unshrouded probes. Chandra S., McFarland A.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1995, Vol.56, No.5, p.459-466. Illus. 27 ref. ### (In English)

(67052)

CIS 96-758 Numerical simulation of unflanged rectangular exhaust openings. Kulmala I., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1099-1106. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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The accuracy of computer simulations of turbulent airflows into exhaust hood openings is examined. Airflow fields generated by rectangular exhaust openings with aspect ratios 1:1, 4:3, 2:1, and 3:1 were calculated using the FLUENT computer code and a standard turbulence model. The effect of free-stream boundaries on the simulations was studied. The agreement between numerical simulations and experimental measurements was good for openings with aspect ratios 1:1 and 4:3 and satisfactory for the others under certain conditions. The model can be used to predict the flow into exhaust openings with reasonable accuracy if the modelling parameters are chosen correctly. (66325)

CIS 96-759 Evaluation of capture efficiencies of large push-pull ventilation systems with both visual and tracer techniques. Woods J.N., McKarns J.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1208-1214. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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The contaminant capture efficiencies of push-pull ventilation systems fitted to twenty large open-surface metal finishing tanks were tested using videotaped smoke testing and novel tracer gas methods. Real-time infrared detection of sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas permitted convenient adjustment of air flows for optimum capture efficiency. The careful control of cross-drafts was the most significant factor for contaminant capture at tank liquid surfaces. The ventilation systems were therefore modified to reduce air flow rates and redirect air flows. These modifications also reduced noise levels and system energy requirements. (66416)

CIS 96-760 Method for the measurement of ventilation efficiency in office buildings. (French: Méthode pour la mesure de l'efficacité de ventilation dans les édifices à bureaux) Auger M., Farant J.P., Travail et santé, June 1996, Vol.12, No.2, p.S-9 to S-12. Illus. 9 ref. (In French)

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Ventilation efficiency is a measure of the ability of a ventilation system to circulate air and to dilute pollutants. The ASHRAE standard recommends 10L/s/person as an acceptable value for fresh air to occupants. This rate however must be increased if the air does not circulate adequately. A new method has been developed in a test chamber to measure efficiency by simulating the CO₂ generated by the occupants. The method consists of a 0.3L/minute injection of CO₂ towards a CO₂ monitor. This corresponds to the average production rate of CO₂ from a sedentary human being. The efficiency is calculated by taking the difference between the maximum concentration obtained during the injection and the concentration before the injection. Results are presented for room/supply temperature difference of 6°C and 9°C and for air velocities of 0.07m/s and 0.45m/s. In all cases, the ventilation rate was fixed at 19L/s. Efficiencies varied by a factor of 1.5 for supply temperature changes and by a factor of 6 for air velocities. Since the method is different from existing methods, results are compared on a relative basis. This method responds to the mixing conditions in the room but additional research needs to be done by varying air flow rates. It is easy to use and can be easily applied in field conditions. (66869)

CIS 96-761 Occupational exposure of deck crews to carcinogenic agents on crude oil tankers. Moen B.E., Hollund B.E., Berntsen M., Flo R., Kyvik K.R., Riise T., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.555-564. 23 ref. (In English)

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Exposure to carcinogenic agents was examined on the decks of six Norwegian crude oil tankers in harbours in Norway and the USA. Technical arrangements and the work on deck were observed during loading and unloading. Air monitoring of benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and some aldehydes showed that the levels of these carcinogens were low, probably because of the closed loading systems in use on all tankers. A questionnaire survey of the crewmen revealed irritative and central nervous system symptoms which were probably due to other chemical agents. Painting with paint that contained lead chromate (a known carcinogen) was frequently carried out without protective clothing. (66289)

CIS 96-762 Relationship between locations of chromosome breaks induced by vinyl chloride monomer and lymphocytosis. Fučić A., Hitrec V., Garaj-Vrhovac V., Barkovic D., Kubelka D., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.565-571. 33 ref. (In English)

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The distribution of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)-induced chromosome breaks was studied in cultured lymphocytes of 20 workers in a polyvinyl chloride plant. VCM concentration was 1ppm, periodically reaching 300ppm for a short period. The examined workers had considerably higher values of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges than did a non-exposed control group. Exposure to VCM caused lymphocytosis together with disturbances of mitogenic activity in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. Results of G-banding showed that sites of chromosome breakpoints caused by VCM can be related to lymphatic tissue disorders. Lymphomas and leukaemias can be expected even with a VCM concentration of 1ppm. (66290)

CIS 96-763 Benzene exposure assessment in rubber hydrochloride workers: A critical evaluation of previous estimates. Utterback D.F., Rinsky R.A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.661-676. 35 ref. (In English)

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Many risk assessments for leukaemia associated with benzene exposure have been based on a 1981 mortality study among a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers. A re-examination of this study in 1992 resulted in retrospective benzene exposure estimates far greater than those previously reported; this suggests that calculated risk estimates for benzene were lower than previously estimated. The 1992 reanalysis is critically examined and it is concluded that the approach falls short of the claim of providing more plausible exposure estimates for the cohort. The original exposure estimates remain the most consistent with all the information available on rubber hydrochloride manufacturing. (66313)

CIS 96-764 A transient model of mass transfer and kinetics in a passive vapor sampler. Williams C.E., Pintauro P.N., Rando R.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1074-1082. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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A transient model of vapour contaminant diffusion and homogeneous reaction was formulated for a passive sampler containing two compartments: a stagnant air chamber and a chamber containing an absorbing medium. The model was evaluated using experimentally measured chlorine uptake rates in a series of samplers of different dimensions containing an aqueous sulfamic acid solution in the absorbing medium chamber. The model accurately predicted the effects of sampler diameter, stagnant air chamber path length, and sampler orientation on chlorine uptake, with an average error of less than 10%. Effects of wind speed and direction are discussed. (66322)

CIS 96-765 Exposures while applying commercial disinfectants. Popendorf W., Selim M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1111-1120. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Exposure to disinfectants was assessed for 40 workers using various methods of application in different occupational settings. Exposure estimates for each type of application are tabulated. The primary route of exposure was by skin deposition; airborne levels were low. Dermal dose rates for aerosol spray, wipe and mop applications were low compared with liquid pour and pump methods, but longer application times for wipe and mop methods resulted in higher total doses. High-pressure sprayers received the highest exposure outside their clothing, but heavy protective clothing reduced dermal dose rates. Low-pressure sprayers with no protective clothing had the highest dose rates. (66327)

CIS 96-766 Asbestos - Recommendation No.347 of the National Health Insurance Fund concerning work on or repair of sprayed asbestos or on building components containing asbestos. (French: Amiante - Recommandations n°347 de la Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie relatives aux travaux ou interventions sur flocage d'amiante ou matériaux contenant de l'amiante) Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, 1995, No.6, p.36-39. Illus. (In French)

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Principal features of these recommendations: scope; measures concerning demolition work; asbestos removal (choice of removal method, areal and individual methods of protection, work organization, decontamination of the work area); work on sprayed asbestos or asbestos-containing materials; commentary. A one-page document, aimed at owners and foremen, is appended on the evaluation of asbestos-related risks in a building and on how to eliminate these hazards. (66334)

CIS 96-767 Is the European standard series suitable for patch testing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia?. El-Rab M.O.G., Al-Sheikh O.A., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1995, Vol.33, No.5, p.310-314. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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Patch testing was carried out on 240 dermatitis patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 136 (57%) showed one or more positive results; positive reactions were found for 21 of the 22 items in the test series. Sensitization was most common to nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, and cobalt chloride; less than 1% of patients reacted to benzocaine and none to primin. The European standard series is suitable for patch testing dermatitis patients in this region, with the exception of benzocaine and primin. The addition of three allergens that could be of local relevance is discussed. (66348)

CIS 96-768 Permeability of commercial solvents through living human skin. Ursin C., Hansen C.M., Van Dyk J.W., Jensen P.O., Christensen I.J., Ebbehoej J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.651-660. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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A procedure was developed for measuring the steady state rate of permeation of commercial solvents through living human skin. Variation in permeability for each skin specimen was measured using [³H]water as a calibrating permeant. Permeability was measured for 11 solvents: either highly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (known to be a rapid skin permeant), or commonly used industrial solvents such as toluene and ethanol. Data are tabulated for each solvent and for mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and octyl acetate. Results show a significant variation in magnitude. (66351)

CIS 96-769 Maintenance of stellite and tungsten carbide saw saw tips: Determinants of exposure to cobalt and chromium. Teschke K., Marion S.A., van Zuylen M.J.A., Kennedy S.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.661-669. Illus. 32 ref. (In English)

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Personal air sampling among saw filers at eight lumber mills in British Columbia, Canada indicated very low exposures to cobalt and chromium. Cobalt exposure was related mainly to wet and dry grinding of tungsten carbide but not to grinding of stellite, despite the higher concentration of cobalt in the latter parent material. Chromium concentrations were associated with wet grinding of chipper knives made of chromium-containing steel, and with welding of stellite and saw steel. Airborne exposures may not be predicted by the amount of metal in the parent material and, in addition, standard hygiene measures like wet grinding may not reduce exposures. (66352)

CIS 96-770 A field method for sampling benzene in end-exhaled air. Ljungkvist G.M., Nordlinder R.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.693-697. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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A simple and reliable field method is presented for sampling and analysis of benzene in end-exhaled air. The sample is collected directly on an adsorbent tube while the subject exhales through a sampling device consisting of a modified peak expiratory flow meter. The analytes are thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography. When the method was applied to the monitoring of benzene, the separation of benzene from other components of exhaled air was good and the detection limit was low (0.5µg/m³). The combined precision in sampling and analysis was excellent, with a coefficient of variation of 13%. (66356)

CIS 96-771 Managing material safety data sheets world-wide. Ignatowski A.J., Weiler E.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.698-705. 36 ref. (In English)

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The development of a centralized system for the world-wide management of material safety data sheets (MSDSs) within multinational enterprises is described. Problems related to differences in national MSDS requirements are discussed, including the definition of "hazardous chemical" and disclosure requirements for component chemicals in mixtures, treatment of trade secret information, and format and language requirements. The scheme is based on a concept of core and noncore data elements along with a centralized computer network. The system is operative in the USA, Canada, Latin America and Europe; MSDSs are provided in six languages and contain locally required data in the appropriate format for the country. (66357)

CIS 96-772 Occupational and environmental exposure of automobile mechanics and nonautomotive workers to airborne manganese arising from the combustion of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). Sierra P., Loranger S., Kennedy G., Zayed J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.713-716. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Air sampling studies showed that the average workplace manganese concentration for a group of garage mechanics (0.45µgm^-3) was 10 times higher than that of a nearby control group of nonautomotive workers (0.04µgm^-3). Workplace concentrations of aluminium, iron and zinc were also higher for the mechanics. The nonautomotive workers had similar manganese concentrations at work and at home; both groups had significantly higher concentrations of the other three metals at the workplace than at home. Particle size investigation suggests that at least 90% of the manganese in garage air was from a source other than methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. (66359)

CIS 96-773 Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): A 17-year reassessment of testicular function and reproductive performance. Potashnik G., Porath A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.37, No.11, p.1287-1292. 18 ref. (In English)

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15 men with DBCP-induced testicular dysfunction, and whose last contact with DBCP (nemagon) was 17 to 22 years ago, were periodically evaluated since initial diagnosis in 1977. Sperm count recovery was evident within 36 to 45 months of the last exposure in 3 of the 9 azoospermic and in 3 of the 6 oligozoospermic men with no improvement thereafter. An increase in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and a decrease in testosterone level were detected in the severely affected individuals. There was no increase in the rate of spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations among pregnancies conceived during or after exposure. (66379)

CIS 96-774 Monitoring of dinitrotoluene and its metabolites in urine by spectrophotometry of their coupled aryldiazonium salts. Smith E.F., Smith H.J., Kuchar E.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1175-1179. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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A method for monitoring employee absorption of dinitrotoluene (DNT) is described. DNT and its metabolites in urine are reduced to primary arylamines and diazotized with nitrous acid. The diazo compounds are coupled with N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine to produce a coloured complex for spectrophotometric analysis. In a six-month monitoring programme at a DNT manufacturing facility, control samples from non-exposed individuals were used to define an exposure indication level. This level was used to correlate DNT exposure with job description or individual activity. Job descriptions were ranked according to a rational evaluation of exposure potential and correlated well with monitoring data. (66411)

CIS 96-775 Autocorrelation of interday exposures at an automobile assembly plant. George D.K., Flynn M.R., Harris R.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1187-1194. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Serial 8-hr TWA exposures were obtained for six automobile assembly plant workers performing tasks involving the use of either isopropyl alcohol or hexane. Exposures were monitored for periods ranging from 20 to 110 consecutive days. Relatively little autocorrelation in the values was observed. The study highlights potential difficulties in autocorrelation analysis. In particular, nonrandom events, such as ventilation and process changes and extended down times, should be considered in any such analysis. Since exposure distributions vary over time, samples collected across the full range of procedures, activities and environmental conditions should be included when developing an exposure assessment strategy. (66413)

CIS 96-776 Formaldehyde levels based on bulk and elevated temperature evolution rate measurements of silicone materials. Filsinger D.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1201-1207. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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A method was devised to measure the evolution of formaldehyde from certain silicone materials at high temperatures. The method involves the use of a modified thermogravimetric analyzer in conjunction with a hydrazine-polarographic electrochemical test. The method is specific to formaldehyde and there is no interference from other aldehydes. Elevated temperature formaldehyde evolution rate data and their possible impact on the workplace exposure level are presented for several silicone materials. The data suggest that substances such as lubricating oils, gaskets, etc., generally considered to be innocuous, may also be sources of formaldehyde at high temperatures. (66415)

CIS 96-777 The problem of variable ingredients and concentrations in solvent thinners. Winder C., Ng S.K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1225-1228. 14 ref. (In English)

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The contents of 20 proprietary thinner products used in automotive spray-painting establishments were identified using product material safety data sheets. Individual ingredients and their proportions were often not specifically described. The 20 products contained a total of 83 solvent ingredients consisting of 32 different solvents which came under 6 classes: alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones and mixtures. Users should be informed that some thinners still contain hazardous ingredients whose proportions can vary significantly. (66418)

CIS 96-778 On strategies for comparing occupational exposure data to limits. Lyles R.H., Kupper L.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.6-15. Illus. 34 ref. (In English)

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Methods for assessing workplace exposure are reviewed. Typical approaches are based on the probability that a single measurement exceeds a limit or on whether the long-term mean exposure for a population of workers exceeds a limit. A new procedure is developed for tests concerning the mean exposure level. Appropriate sample size calculations are emphasized and computer simulation is used to compare competing methods for assessing mean exposure. The importance of employing an exposure assessment strategy that is in accordance with aetiologic considerations is stressed. (66481)

CIS 96-779 Variability in biological exposure indices using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation. Thomas R.S., Bigelow P.L., Keefe T.J., Yang R.S.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.23-32. 56 ref. (In English)

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Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling coupled with Monte Carlo simulation, the interindividual variability in the concentrations of chemicals in a worker's exhaled breath and urine were estimated and compared with existing biological exposure indices. Based on model predictions incorporating interindividual variability, the percentage of population protected was derived using TLVs as the basis for worker protection. Results for six industrial solvents (benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, methyl chloroform and trichloroethylene) showed that current biological exposure indices may not protect the majority or all of the workers in an occupational setting. (66483)

CIS 96-780 Performance-based exposure control limits for pharmaceutical active ingredients. Naumann B.D., Sargent E.V., Starkman B.S., Fraser W.J., Becker G.T., Kirk G.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.33-42. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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A performance-based approach for setting exposure limits for pharmaceutical products is described. The method involves assigning materials to one of five hazard categories according to their inherent toxicological and pharmacological properties. The criteria used to assign compounds into these control limit categories focus on the degree to which exposure impacts on human health. These assignments dictate the level of containment required to assure employee safety through the use of engineering controls and safe handling practices. Containment options for materials of low, moderate and high toxicity are summarized. (66484)

CIS 96-781 Case study: Control of methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping. Estill C.F., Spencer A.B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.43-49. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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High exposures to dichloromethane (methylene chloride) (600 to 1150ppm) at a furniture stripping operation prompted the design and installation of a modified ventilation system. Three configurations within the modified system were evaluated. Personal exposures to methylene chloride were reduced to 34ppm for a slot hood configuration, 30ppm for a downdraft hood, and 28ppm for a combination slot and downdraft hood. Although exposures are above the proposed OSHA permissible exposure level of 25ppm, results show a substantial improvement over the original ventilation system. (66485)

CIS 96-782 Volatile hydrocarbon exposure during in situ burning of crude oil at sea. Bowes S.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.62-67. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Personal exposure of emergency response workers and other personnel to volatile hydrocarbons and benzene was monitored in a major oil spill combustion trial organized by Environment Canada. Although exposures were generally very low during the burning experiments, in situ burning of unweathered crude oil at an accidental oil spill would probably result in higher exposures if the oil had a higher benzene content than that used in the experiments, if it was less weathered or it had a larger evaporating surface area. The hazards of each oil spill scene need to be evaluated individually. (66488)

CIS 96-783 Evaluation of personal continuous paper-tape monitors for toluenediisocyanate. Dharmarajan V., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.68-71. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The performance of nine personal continuous monitors (PCMs) was evaluated in dynamically generated toluenediisocyanate (TDI) atmospheres at two concentrations and at five relative humidities. The TDI concentrations were also measured using an OSHA reference method. Results are tabulated for each PCM. Compared with the reference method, the PCMs generally underestimated the higher TDI concentration at higher humidities; the lower TDI concentration was underestimated by a wider margin by the PCMs. There were significant inter-PCM differences when measuring simultaneously the same atmosphere with constant TDI concentration. (66489)

CIS 96-784 Selenium levels in the serum of workers at a rubber tire repair shop. Sánchez-Ocampo A., Torres-Pérez J., Jiménez-Reyes M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.72-75. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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Selenium analysis by neutron activation was performed on serum samples from 20 workers at a rubber tyre repair shop. The mean selenium level was significantly higher than that of a non-exposed control group. A high correlation was obtained between selenium level and seniority for those values higher than the control group range. None of the shop workers showed evidence of selenosis. (66490)

CIS 96-785 Alert on benzene; The Benzene Agreement. (Portuguese: Alerta para o benzeno; Acordo Benzeno) Revista CIPA, Feb. 1996, Vol.17, No.195, p.38-56. Illus. 5 ref. (In Portuguese)

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The first article discusses the production and uses of benzene in Brazil, as well as its toxicology: paths of entry, absorption, poisoning symptoms, effects on the central nervous system, possible factor in the development of leukaemia, biological monitoring, effects on the environment). Other topics treated: spills; the ILO Benzene Convention and Recommendation (CIS 89-1766); the Brazilian legislative framework; statistical data on workers exposed to benzene in Brazil; utilization, storage and handling of benzene; first aid recommendations. The Benzene Agreement, signed recently by all the major employers' and workers' organizations concerned as well as by relevant government agencies, has the following roles: it assigns responsibilities regarding the prevention of risks due to exposure to benzene; it establishes a National Permanent Commission for Benzene (CNP-Benzeno) for the purpose of discussion, negotiation and implementation of this Agreement; it outlines the involvement of workers in prevention efforts; it provides deadlines for enterprises to comply with the Technical Reference Value (TRV) of 1.0ppm; the Certificate of Controlled Benzene Use; penalties. (66492)

CIS 96-786 Balancing cost and precision in exposure assessment studies. Lemasters G.K., Shukla R., Li Y.D., Lockey J.E., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.39-45. 13 ref. (In English)

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An approach to balancing two objectives in exposure assessment studies is described: increasing precision and decreasing the cost by manipulating the number and pattern of sample collections. The strategy involves: design of a small pilot study to obtain an optimum sampling scheme for exposure assessment; use of a nested random effects model to obtain variance components for each subject; estimation of the population variance components; calculation of standard errors and expenses of all possible alternative designs; and comparison of sampling cost and relative accuracy of each design. Data is provided from a study examining health effects of workers exposed to solvents. (66613)

CIS 96-787 Unit risk estimates for airborne arsenic exposure: An updated view based on recent data from two copper smelter cohorts. Viren J.R., Silvers A., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Oct. 1994, Vol.20, No.2, p.125-138. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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The current unit risk for chronic lifetime exposure to airborne arsenic 4.29 x 10^-3, was established by the US EPA in 1984. Using updated results from a cohort mortality study on Tacoma, Washington, smelter workers and recent findings from a cohort study of 3619 Swedish smelter workers, new unit risk estimates were developed for the respective cohorts. Methods were analogous to those used by the EPA in 1984, and all estimates were derived under an absolute risk model. A new unit risk 1.28 x 10^-3, was estimated for the Tacoma smelter cohort which was a factor of five less than the EPA's earlier estimate, and a direct result of radically revised exposure estimates. A unit risk of 0.89 x 10^-3 was estimated from the Swedish study. Pooling these new risk estimates with the EPA's earlier estimates yielded a composite unit risk of 1.43 x 10^-3. Based on this estimate, the present unit risk may overestimate the effects of airborne arsenic by a factor of 3. (66637)

CIS 96-788 Measurement of perchloroethylene indoor air levels caused by fugitive emissions from unvented dry-to-dry dry cleaning units. Moschandreas D.J., O'Dea D.S., Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Feb. 1995, Vol.45, p.111-115. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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The large emissions of perchloroethylene (PERC), a potential carcinogen, from dry cleaning establishments led the fabricare industry to redesign dry cleaning machines. State-of-the-art facilities now employ nonvented self-contained machines that do not emit vapours directly to the outside air. However, fugitive emissions in indoor environments continue to be emitted from these new machines. An indoor air quality study was conducted in six Chicago, Illinois, dry cleaning establishments that use nonvented self-contained machines. PERC concentrations were investigated by collecting 46 air samples with 150mg charcoal tubes and subsequently conducting gas chromatograph analysis. Indoor PERC concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 52.3ppm. A relationship was developed between the weight of clothes cleaned and the emission rate of each facility. This relationship may be used to estimate PERC indoor air concentrations in other facilities. (66641)

CIS 96-789 Acute exposure to acetone in a factory and ratings of well-being. Kiesswetter E., Blaszkewicz M., Vangala R.R., Seeber A., Neurotoxicology, Fall 1994, Vol.15, No.3, p.597-601. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Eight workers occupationally exposed to acetone and eight nonexposed controls were investigated on 9 shift days both during work and leisure. The mean exposure to acetone was near 1000ppm (2400mg/m³). Acetone in urine was moderately correlated to acetone in the air. Ratings on scales of well-being and acute symptoms (SPES) correlated significantly with concentrations of acetone in urine but not with concentrations of acetone in the air. (66643)

CIS 96-790 Evaluation of the adequacy of the threshold limit value for cyclonite. James R.C., Roberts S.M., Williams P.L., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1994, Vol.9, No.7, p.485-492. 32 ref. (In English)

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The current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 8-h, time-weighted average threshold limit value (TLV) for cyclonite (RDX) is 1.5mg/m³. The present study has reviewed the human and animal toxicity literature available for RDX for the purpose of assessing the current RDX standard. Although the only available health study of occupational exposure to RDX finds no evidence of chronic toxicity in areas where the current TLV level was achieved, the evidence for the reported effectiveness of this TLV is of a very limited nature. The animal data are more extensive, and several chronic studies have been completed. When no observed adverse effect levels identified from the chronic animal studies are used to derive a TLV for RDX, and these derivations adopt relatively standard safety factors for this type of animal-to-human dosage extrapolation, the calculations suggest permissible air exposure levels for RDX between 0.03 and 0.3mg/m³. (66648)

CIS 96-791 Health hazards of antiviral agents. (French: Les risques pour la santé lors de la manipulation des antiviraux) Carruel F., Falcy M., Ministère du Travail (France), Documents pour le médecin du travail, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.62, p.95-102. 30 ref. (In French)

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The number of antiviral drugs has greatly increased in recent years. Before the middle 1980s, amantadine was the only such product on the market. Since then a number of new antiviral agents have appeared as a result of research into new therapeutic molecules as a response to the AIDS epidemic. Main points covered by this article: known toxic effects, with information for each substance on mutagenicity, reproductive effects and recommendations for safe handling. The following products are discussed: acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir, zidovudine (AZT), 2,3-dideoxycytidine (DDC, HIVID), dideoxyinosine (DDI, didanosine), pyrophosphate derivatives, interferons and antisense oligonucleotides. (66695)

CIS 96-792 Glycol ethers. Job-exposure matrix. (French: Ethers de glycol - Matrice emplois-expositions) Vincent R., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1996, No.162, Note No.2009-162-96, p.5-17. 18 ref. (In French)

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A campaign to assess exposure to glycol ethers was conducted by INRS from 1988 to 1993 in 55 firms, covering 63 workshops or work situations. Exposure was measured by atmospheric and biological sampling. A total of 944 employees took part in the survey; 1,746 atmospheric samples and 2,315 urine samples were taken. Based on the results, a job-exposure matrix for glycol ethers was drawn up. For each occupational activity the likelihood, intensity and frequency of exposure were codified. (66701)

CIS 96-793 Approved laboratories and organizations for the assessment of benzene exposure. Results of the approval tests carried out by INRS from 1987 to 1994. (French: Laboratoires et organismes agréés pour l'évaluation de l'exposition au benzène - Bilan et résultats des essais organisés de 1987 à 1994 pour l'obtention de l'agrément) Jargot D., Oury B., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1996, No.162, Note No.2012-162-96, p.41-46. Illus. (In French)

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Contents include: description of testing programmes; reference values; classification of laboratories; procedure for Ministry of Labour approval. Results for the period 1987-1994: assessment of participation, test results. (66704)

CIS 96-794 Mineral oils and the DMSO-UV method: Various applications. (French: Huiles minérales et méthodes DMSO-UV - Applications diverses) Lafontaine M., Morele Y., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 1st Quarter 1996, No.162, Note No.2013-162-96, p.47-53. Illus. 12 ref. (In French)

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The purpose of this paper is to define the field of application of the DMSO-UV method used to assess the potential dermal carcinogenicity of mineral oils, after consideration of the following points: influence of main additives on the UV absorbance index of DMSO extract; relevance of the recommendations of French organizations in charge of occupational risk prevention (CNAM recommendations), with the recommendations of the petroleum industry, based on the IP 346 method; relationship between the UV absorbance index and benzo(a)pyrene concentration; different types of oils and their uses. (66705)

CIS 96-795 Development of a questionnaire in Spanish on neurotoxic symptoms. Rodezno R.A., Lundberg I., Escalona E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.505-520. 29 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire in Spanish was developed to study the effects of neurotoxic agents in groups of workers in Nicaragua. The initial 34 questions were reduced to 16 after studying whether the questions were interpreted in the intended way, whether the answers were reasonably reproduced over a three-week period, and whether the questions discriminated between groups exposed to different neurotoxic agents (mercury, lead, organic solvents and organophosphate insecticides) and unexposed groups. In total, 851 workers participated in the evaluation. Further evaluation of the questionnaire is welcomed. (66735)

CIS 96-796 Chromatographic characterization of adsorbents for selective sampling of organic air pollutants. Stanetzek I., Giese U., Schuster R.H., Wünsch G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.128-133. 25 ref. (In English)

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Seven adsorption materials were investigated by inverse gas chromatography for 25 different organic compounds. Specific retention volume and adsorption enthalpy were calculated. According to retention ability, the materials were characterized as follows: Amberlite XAD-4 (styrene-divinyl-benzene-copolymer) and Porapak R (N-vinyl pyrrolidine-polymer) were useful for sampling polar and nonpolar low-volatility compounds; Amberlite XAD-8 (methacrylic acid polymer) retained only polar high-melting substances. Quantitative sampling of high-melting nonpolar pollutant was possible with Tenax GC (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylenoxide-polymer). The retention ability of these polymers for volatile compounds was very small; highly volatile polar compounds can be adsorbed on silica gel and highly volatile nonpolar compounds on activated charcoal. (66772)

CIS 96-797 Comparison between solid sampler and impinger for evaluation of occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate polyisocyanates during spray painting. Maître A., Leplay A., Perdrix A., Ohl G., Boinay P., Romazini S., Aubrun J.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.153-160. 36 ref. (In English)

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Two air sampling methods were used to monitor the level and variability of a painter's exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) polyisocyanates while spraying Tolonate-based paints in a paint booth. Personal air samples were collected by midget impingers containing 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MPP) absorber solution and by MPP-impregnated filters. Potential exposure to HDI polyisocyanates measured by impinger devices ranged from 0.25 to 3mg/m³. Impregnated filters significantly underestimated atmospheric concentrations of HDI polyisocyanates in the painter's breathing zone. Use of an appropriate half-face mask with 90% efficiency is recommended to reduce residual exposure to below the recommended STEL (1mg/m³). (66775)

CIS 96-798 Neurotoxic effects of selected metals. Wennberg A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1994, Vol.20, Special issue, p.65-71. Illus. 70 ref. (In English)

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A substance is considered to be neurotoxic if it is capable of inducing a consistent pattern of neural dysfunction or lesion in the nervous system. Several metals are known as neurotoxic. Among them, four were selected as being especially important from the occupational point of view: lead, manganese, aluminium and mercury. All four have proved to be neurotoxic even though the toxic mechanisms may be unclear or unknown. This paper reviews the recently published documentation on the neurotoxic properties of these metals, from the general as well as the occupational point of view. (66817)

CIS 96-799 Longitudinal study of workers exposed to mercury vapour at low concentrations - Time course of inorganic and organic mercury concentrations in urine, blood, and hair. Ishihara N., Urushiyama K., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.660-662. 19 ref. (In English)

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Seven Japanese female workers exposed to mercury vapour at a concentration of <0.02mg Hg/m³ (8h/day, 44h/week) were examined for inorganic (I-Hg) and organic (O-Hg) mercury concentrations in urine, blood, and hair after 0, 4, 8, 17, and 23 months of exposure. Neither I-Hg nor O-Hg concentrations in urine and hair increased significantly, even after 23 months of exposure. However, the concentration of I-Hg and O-Hg in plasma and O-Hg in erythrocytes increased significantly after four months of exposure, and the high concentrations were maintained until the end of the study. Absence of a significant increase in the concentration of O-Hg in hair indicates that changes in concentrations of I-Hg and O-Hg in blood could be caused by the occupational exposure to mercury vapour. These results show clearly that mercury concentration in blood indicates the uptake of mercury compared with data from before employment with mercury contrary to urinary mercury concentration which remained unaffected, even after a 23-month exposure. (66827)

CIS 96-800 Upper airway irritation and small airways hyperreactivity due to exposure to potassium aluminium tetrafluoride flux - An extended case report. Hjortsberg U., Ørbaek P., Arborelius M.J., Karlsson J.E., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.706-709. 15 ref. (In English)

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Twenty-two workers, exposed to potassium aluminium tetrafluoride used as flux for soldering aluminium, were studied as clinical outpatients for symptoms of irritation of the nose, eye, skin and airways. Sixteen volunteered for spirometry with methacholine provocation test including a test for small airways function by volume of trapped gas (VTG). Symptoms of airways irritation diminished in all subjects after flux exposure ended. The FEV₁ was within the normal range in 16 of 17 subjects before the methacholine provocation test. The FEV₁ decreased by ≥20% in two out of 16 subjects after the 0.1% methacholine provocation and after inhalation of methacholine, eight out of 16 subjects (50%) had an abnormal increase of VTG indicating hyperreactivity in small airways. Potassium aluminium tetrafluoride flux seems to induce an increase of bronchial reactivity in small airways. A setting of an occupational standard is proposed. (66830)

CIS 96-801 Prevalence of respiratory risk among workers exposed to enzyme-free detergents. (French: Prévalence du risque professionnel respiratoire chez les ouvriers exposés aux détergents sans enzyme) Laraqui C., Belamallem I., Harourate K., El Meziane A., Moutammil Z., Benhaymoud N., Verger C., Curtès J.P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.19-25. 17 ref. (In French)

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There is little information on respiratory hazards in the enzyme-free detergent manufacturing industry. This study (98 exposed for at least 2 years vs 54 controls) evaluates the prevalence of respiratory complaints in this industry. A standardized questionnaire, a clinical examination and a lung function test at the beginning and end of the working day showed that the physical characteristics of the 2 groups are comparable and the prevalence of coughing (35.9%), chronic bronchitis (22.4%), asthma (16.6%), dermatitis (32%), rhinitis (27.2%) and conjunctivitis (21%) was significantly higher among exposed workers. Respiratory function tests showed lower values for certain parameters among exposed subjects. FEV₁ and VC were significantly lower among 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, of the exposed versus 11.1% and 7.4% of the non-exposed. The variation in respiratory function during work showed a reduction in FEV₁ among the exposed workers. Smoking is associated with increased morbidity. It is recommended that exposure limits (TWA, STEL) be introduced for enzyme-free detergents. (66832)

CIS 96-802 Perturbations of the sense of smell caused by chemicals at work. (German: Störungen des Riechvermögens durch und für Arbeitsstoffe) Muttray A., Konietzko J., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Oct. 1994, Vol.29, No.10, p.409-413. 43 ref. (In German)

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The work and exposure histories and results of the medical examinations of three victims of anosmia (loss of smell) are described. The chemicals involved in causing the loss of smell were acetone, cyclohexanone, dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran in the case of a plumber whose work involved installing and repairing plastic pipes in water treatment plants. Mixtures of organic solvents and non-occupational factors led to loss of smell in the case of a painter. Chromates or solvents were involved in the case of a worker in the chromium plating department of a shock-absorber manufacturing plant. (66856)

CIS 96-803 Biennial stoppage at a chemical plant - Assessment of exposure of outside contractor employees to chemical substances. (French: Arrêt biennal d'un site de l'industrie chimique - Exposition aux produits chimiques des salariés d'entreprises extérieures) Héry M., Diebold F., Hecht G., Gerber J.M., Hubert G., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1995, No.161, Note No.2004-161-95, p.477-487. Illus. 15 ref. (In French)

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During the biennial stoppage of a major chemical plant producing isocyanates, chlorine, soda and other substances, a study was carried out on the exposure of employees of outside contractors to various chemicals. The highest exposures were recorded for employees of mechanical engineering firms responsible for assembling and dismantling the reactors, and employees of industrial cleaning contractors working on a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) production unit. Numerous other pollutants were measured: crystalline silica, metals (welding fumes), organic solvents (nitrotoluenes, chlorobenzenes), acids, alkalis, mineral fibres. Examples of coactivity were also detected, but in small numbers and at generally low levels. (66863)

CIS 96-804 Determination of the emission rate of a gas source - Development of a helium tracer method. (French: Traçage à l'hélium - Mise au point d'une méthode de mesure du débit d'émission d'une source gazeuse) Bémer D., Dessagne J.M., Aubertin G., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 4th Quarter 1995, No.161, Note No.2007-161-95, p.509-518. Illus. 11 ref. (In French)

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The tracer gas method for determining the emission rate of a pollutant gas source consists of using a tracer gas along with the pollutant emitted by a constant flow source in order to establish the mass flow rate. The study demonstrates the validity of the tracer gas method for determining the emission rate of a pollutant source comprising a solvent bath placed in the open air. Limitations were noted, however, when the source was placed in very still air (air velocity above the bath <10cm/s approx.). But this situation is by no means the most common in industry, where average air velocity is generally of the order of 30cm/s or more. It is planned to extend this method to particulate pollutant sources, which are very frequent in industry (wood dusts, oil mists, welding fumes, etc.). (66866)

CIS 96-805 Assessment of benzene exposure among automobile and gardening machine repair workers by the measurement of urinary muconic acid. (French: Evaluation par le dosage de l'acide muconique urinaire de l'imprégnation par le benzène, chez les mécaniciens en réparation automobile et motoculture) Vallée P., Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.620-623. 8 ref. (In French)

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Evaluation of exposure to benzene among car mechanics requires a reliable analytical method in order to define specific criteria for medical supervision. Previous studies took only atmospheric exposure into account. Exposure was evaluated by measuring urinary phenol, a method that was not sensitive enough when atmospheric concentrations were at the ppm level. The measurement of urinary muconic acid, a specific metabolite of benzene, by HPLC chromatography is sensitive enough to reveal low levels of exposure. A study conducted of the exposure of employees over a one-week period showed that there was no overexposure. Only the seasonal activities of servicing and repairing garden machinery would lead to a global exposure greater than 1ppm. (66872)

CIS 96-806 Evaluation of an exposure setup for studying effects of diesel exhaust in humans. Rudell B., Sandström T., Hammarström U., Ledin M.L., Hörstedt P., Stjernberg N., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.66, No.2, p.77-83. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Diesel exhaust fumes from an idling truck were fed into an exposure chamber through a flexible metallic tube where they were diluted with air. Evaluation of the exposure set-up revealed that predetermined constant pollutant concentrations can be created in the chamber. The exposure of eight healthy non-smokers to diluted exhaust fumes for one hour produced the same acute symptoms as those reported by workers occupationally exposed to exhaust fumes from idling diesel vehicles. All subjects experienced irritation of the mucous tissue of the eyes, nose and throat, dizziness, nausea, cough, unpleasant odour, fatigue and headache. The median concentrations of the major components of diesel exhaust were: nitrogen dioxide 1.6ppm, nitrogen oxide 3.7ppm, carbon monoxide 27ppm, formaldehyde 0.5mg/m³ and particles 4.3 x 10⁶/cm³. (66887)

CIS 96-807 Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates. Baur X., Marek W., Ammon J., Czuppon A.B., Marczynski B., Raulf-Heimsoth M., Roemmelt H., Fruhmann G., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.66, No.3, p.141-152. Illus. 131 ref. (In English)

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Isocyanates have various applications including those in the production of plastics, polyurethane foams and insecticides. Recent results of experimental, immunological and clinical studies of the respiratory diseases caused by isocyanates are summarized. Special consideration is given to findings among 1,780 workers exposed to isocyanates. The case histories and clinical data of 625 of these workers who were exposed during the production of polyurethanes revealed that 247 had respiratory symptoms. The majority of these were diagnosed as suffering from bronchial asthma. Chronic bronchitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and allergic alveolitis followed. The risk of developing chronic airway disorders such as bronchial asthma was found to depend on the concentration of isocyanates. Immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization and irritative effects were identified as the main pathophysiological mechanisms. (66888)

CIS 96-808 Risks connected to mineral oil exposure in working environments. (Italian: Rischi connessi all'esposizione ad oli minerali negli ambienti di lavoro) Rimatori V., Salerno A., Di Pietro M., Benvenuti F., Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p. 3-10. Illus. 15 ref. (In Italian)

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Procedures to sample and analyze mineral oils in working environments and to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are described. The results, obtained in the Italian textile, mechanical and printing industries, show that the levels allowed by ACGIH can be controlled by the described methods. The TLV-TWA (5mg/m³) assigned by ACGIH in 1991-92 was not reached in the monitored environment. (66911)

CIS 96-809 Risk control in activities linked to battery charging. (Italian: Il controllo dei rischi nell'attività di carica batterie) Baracco A., D'Allio G., Mercurio G., Leante E., Berra A., Prevenzione oggi, July-Sep. 1992, Vol.4, No.3, p.13-24. Illus. 10 ref. (In Italian)

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Occupational exposure of 158 male workers assigned to the charging of lead batteries was monitored and their health was compared with 295 controls (285 men + 10 women), in order to evaluate the risks connected with lead as required by Italian Decree No.277/91 (CIS 93-1404). No environmental lead pollution was observed, these activities being performed in conformity with CEI (Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano) Regulations 21-4 and 64-2. Since blood lead levels in the exposed workers was below the OSHA (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standard, it was suggested to re-evaluate the hazard values of various activities listed in the Italian Decree and to delete the "battery handling" work category as a hazardous occupational activity. (66917)

CIS 96-810 Biological indices of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. (Italian: Indici biologici di esposizione ad idrocarburi aromatici) Colombi A., Buratti M., Benvenuti F,, Spagnoli G., Salerno A., Prevenzione oggi, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.6, No.4, p.3-67. Illus. 165 ref. (In Italian)

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Biological exposure indices of the most widespread organic solvents, namely, toluene, xylene, styrene, benzene and ethylbenzene are provided. For each of these hydrocarbons, professional exposure sources, absorption pathways, metabolism and excretion are shown, besides the most common dose and effect indexes adopted in biological monitoring. Possible criteria of choice of listed indices together with their limitations of use are also presented. For each solvent, chemical/physical characteristics and analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids are fully described and reported. (66925)

CIS 96-811 The highest permissible values for chemical pollutants in the work environment. (Italian: I valori limite degli inquinanti chimici negli ambienti di lavoro) Benvenuti F., Giambattistelli S., Scarselli R., Palmi S., Prevenzione oggi, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.6, No.4, p.69-84. (In Italian)

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This survey reviews the history of various Italian legislative proposals to define the highest acceptable levels for concentrations of chemical substances used in industrial production processes. In recent years the Italian Superior Institute for Prevention and Work Safety (ISPESL), in collaboration with various Italian universities, planned a series of research projects resulting in the definition of the highest acceptable levels for about 70 substances. A comparison with ACGIH values has shown either an overlapping or even a lower level of values proposed in Italy. A new described ISPESL initiative aims at continuing this research with university institutes, coordinating it with programmes of the European Community. (66926)

CIS 96-812 An evaluation of toxic and genotoxic risk from work-related exposure to chemical compounds. (Italian: Valutazione del rischio tossico e genotossico da eposizione professionale a composti chimici) Scassellati Sforzolini G., Moretti M., Villarini M., Angeli G., Pasquini R., Monarca S., Scarselli R., Crea M.G., Leonardis C., Prevenzione oggi, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.6, N°4, p.125-138. Illus. 45 ref. (In Italian)

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A series of investigations was conducted to test the genotoxic and enzyme-inducing activity of deltamethrin (decamethrin), in order to contribute to its risk assessment in occupational exposure to pesticides. Using in-vitro methods, its mutagenic activity was tested on procaryotic cells (Ames test) and eucaryotic cells (cytogenetic tests, DNA damage). With in-vivo experiments on rats, various enzyme activities were determined to investigate the capability of deltamethrin to act as "co-mutating/co-cancerogenous" agent and/or "promoter" of carcinogenic processes. The results allow to state that pure deltamethrin, while negative in the Ames test, is capable of damaging the DNA and increasing the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes, requiring therefore the monitoring of such an indicator in the exposed workers. Both the pure and commercial product are able to alter cell metabolism in various ways, with a potential "indirect" genotoxic risk. (66927)

CIS 96-813 Short and long-term respiratory effects of exposure to low concentrations of diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the production of expanded polyurethane. (Italian: Effetti respiratori, a breve e lungo termine, della esposizione a basse concentrazioni di MDI, difenilmetan diisocianato, nella produzione di manufatti in poliuretano espanso) Sulotto F., Romano C., Chiesa A., Piolatto G., Coggiola M., Botta G., Serra A., Scarselli R., Palmi S., Scansetti G., Prevenzione oggi, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.6, No.4, p.163-175. 17 ref. (In Italian)

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Spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV₁ and FEF_25-75) readings were assessed in a group of 27 foam skimmers with a low environmental exposure level to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (DMD) at the beginning and at the end of their work shifts. A control group consisted of workers not exposed to DMD of similar age. The observed decrease in the parameters at the end of the shift overlapped in the two groups, but a greater weekly decrease in FEF_25-75 was observed in the skimmer group. In 11 of the 27 skimmers, for whom previous spirometric data were available, a higher decrease was observed for FVC. Smoking in either group did not have a clear influence on the results. (66929)

CIS 96-814 Safe handling of asbestos. (French: Dossier: La prévention face à l'amiante) Gout D., Laforest J.C., Brochard P., Le Bacle C., Huré P., Travail et sécurité, Dec. 1995, No.543, p.640-672. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In French)

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This round-up is intended for anyone involved with asbestos. It includes a review of asbestos-related disease, an interview with a specialist from the French Research and Safety Institute (INRS) on three kinds of hazard due to asbestos, an article on the INRS asbestos laboratory, advice to occupational physicians together with a list of the principal operations that can liberate asbestos, the recommendation of the French National Health Insurance Fund concerning removal of sprayed asbestos, a bibliography of relevant INRS publications and a summary of the most important legal texts regarding asbestos. (66951)

CIS 96-815 Combined effects of binary solvent mixtures. Frantík E., Vodičková L., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.31-37. 13 ref. (In English)

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Experimental rats were exposed to vapours of the following solvent mixtures and to the individual solvents: trichloroethylene and styrene; toluene and ethyl acetate or 1-butanol; and m-xylene and ethylbenzene. Neurotropic effects and blood and brain levels of solvents were measured. In no case was a more than additive effect or an atypical interaction of solvents reproduced. Strong or atypical interactions previously reported for these types of mixtures, which would invalidate the summation formula for the assessment of hazard, appear not to be specific for these particular combinations. (66972)

CIS 96-816 Biological monitoring in lead exposure. Timár M., Groszmann M., Hudák A., Náray M., Szépvölgyi E., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.53-62. 31 ref. (In English)

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Blood lead levels (PbB) and erythrocyte zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations were measured in populations living in residential areas and/or working in factories differently polluted by lead. Reference values for rural and urban populations were established. Based on the relationship between PbB and ZPP, different ZPP values may be used for pre-screening of workers (i.e. selection of those workers in whom PbB determination is necessary), depending on the PbB value chosen as a limit or action level. A system for periodical health surveillance of lead exposed workers is outlined. (66973)

CIS 96-817 Contact allergy to colophony and hand eczema: A follow-up study of patients with previously diagnosed contact allergy to colophony. Färm G., Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1996, Vol.34, No.2, p.93-100. 30 ref. (In English)

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A follow-up study of 83 individuals in whom contact allergy to colophony had been diagnosed 9-13 years earlier showed that at least 30% had current hand eczema. 72% still showed positive results on patch-testing with colophony, and more than 50% had additional positive reactions to other allergens. 12 subjects reported occupational exposure to wood, paint, lacquers, soaps or soldering flux; 24 reported intense exposure to paper. Factors influencing the prognosis of hand eczema in individuals with contact allergy to colophony include intervention, onset location of dermatitis, patch test results, sex, occupational exposure to colophony and atopy. (66978)

CIS 96-818 ELPAT Program Report: Background and current status (July 1995). Schlecht P.C., Groff J.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.1034-1040. 22 ref. ### (In English)

Progress report on the US Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program, administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), NIOSH and the EPA. (67015)

CIS 96-819 Characterization of gas mixing in an exhaust stack. Wood G.O., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.788-793. Illus. 4 ref. ### (In English)

(67018)

CIS 96-820 Evaluation of optical source-detector configurations for tomographic reconstruction of chemical concentrations in indoor air. Todd L., Ramachandran G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1994, Vol.55, No.12, p.1133-1143. Illus. 11 ref. ### (In English)

(67031)

CIS 96-821 Acute exposure to acid fog: Influence of breathing pattern on effective dose. Bowes S.M., Francis M., Laube B.L., Robert F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1995, Vol.56, No.2, p.143-150. Illus. 42 ref. ### (In English)

(67035)

CIS 96-822 Desorption isotherms of volatile organic compounds adsorbed on activated charcoal. Pérez Ballesta P., González Ferradás E., Miñana Aznar A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1995, Vol.56, No.2, p.171-177. Illus. 20 ref. ### (In English)

(67036)

CIS 96-823 Sample size formulae for estimating the true arithmetic or geometric mean of lognormal exposure distributions. Hewett P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1995, Vol.56, No.3, p.219-225. 18 ref. ### (In English)

(67038)

CIS 96-824 A solid sorbent personal air sampling method for aldehydes. Wu L.J., Que Hee S.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1995, Vol.56, No.4, p.362-367. 26 ref. ### (In English)

(67048)

CIS 96-825 Blood lead surveys of communities in proximity to lead-containing mill tailings. Danse I.H.R., Garb L.G., Moore R.H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1995, Vol.56, No.4, p.384-393. 124 ref. ### (In English)

Literature survey. (67049)

CIS 96-826 Substitution of dangerous chemicals - The solution to problems with chemical health hazards in the work environment?. Antonsson A.B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1995, Vol.56, No.4, p.394-397. Illus. 8 ref. ### (In English)

(67050)

CIS 96-827 Irritant dermatitis among workers cleaning up a pesticide spill - California 1991. Koo D., Goldman L., Baron R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.545-553. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Among a group of 42 county jail inmates who removed dead fish from a river following a spill of metam sodium, 27 had dermatitis involving the feet and ankles. Dermatitis was associated with lower extremity water contact; attack rate increased with time spent in the water. Workers who changed to dry clothing after the clean-up did not report dermatitis. The river concentration of methylisothiocyanate (the decomposition product of metam sodium and a known skin irritant) measured 20-40ppb at the time of exposure. It is suggested that prolonged wetness, occlusive boots, friction and heat contributed to the irritation at this low concentration. (66288)

CIS 96-828 Reduced fertility among women exposed to organic solvents. Sallmén M., Lindbohm M.L., Kyyrönen P., Nykyri E., Anttila A., Taskinen H., Hemminki K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.699-713. 39 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey was carried out among 197 women biologically monitored for exposure to organic solvents between 1965 and 1983. Time to pregnancy was used a measure of fertility. The women were classified into exposure categories on the basis of work descriptions and the use of solvents and on biological monitoring measurements. Daily or high solvent exposure was significantly associated with reduced fertility. Risks were observed among shoe factory, dry cleaning and metal workers. Women exposed to tetrachloroethylene or highly exposed to aliphatic hydrocarbons seemed to have prolonged times to pregnancies. (66315)

CIS 96-829 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and contact urticaria caused by polyfunctional aziridine hardener. Kanerva L., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Tarvainen K., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1995, Vol.33, No.5, p.304-309. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Two case studies of allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to a polyfunctional aziridine (PFA) hardener are described. Positive allergic patch test reactions to the PFA hardener and negative reactions with other chemicals in the product (acrylates, propyleneimine and dimethylethanolamine) indicated that PFA caused the allergic contact dermatitis. Skin prick tests on one of the subjects indicated contact urticaria. For patch testing, 0.5% PFA hardener in pet. is recommended; skin prick tests may be of help in detecting contact urticaria. (66347)

CIS 96-830 Warts in aquarium industry workers. Tong D., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1995, Vol.33, No.5, p.348-349. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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Case studies of two marine aquarium shop workers with common warts on the hands are described. Both workers handled aquarium gravel and sharp-edged coral skeletons, and the hands were frequently wet with cuts and abrasions. Possible causes of the warts in these workers and workers in other industries are discussed. (66350)

CIS 96-831 Lead-induced nephropathy: Relationship between various biological exposure indices and early markers of nephrotoxicity. Chia K.S., Jeyaratnam J., Lee J., Tan C., Ong H.Y., Lee E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.883-895. 37 ref. (In English)

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Current blood lead levels were determined in 128 lead-exposed workers and in 93 non-exposed controls. For the exposed workers, time-integrated blood indices were derived from serial blood lead measurements taken during the years of exposure. Urinary α₁-microglobulin, urinary β₂-microglobulin and urinary retinol-binding protein were also measured as markers of lead-induced kidney damage. In the exposed workers, all the effect markers had better correlation with the time-integrated blood lead indices than with current blood lead levels; urinary α₁-microglobulin was the only marker that was significantly higher in the exposed group, with a good dose-response and dose-effect relationship with the time-integrated blood lead indices. (66439)

CIS 96-832 Bronchiolitis obliterans in an animal feed worker. Spain B.A., Cummings O., Garcia J.G.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.437-443. 18 ref. (In English)

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A case study is presented of a nonsmoking animal feed production worker who developed severe irreversible airflow obstruction during a 2-year occupational exposure to organic matter, microorganisms, proteolytic enzymes and both amorphous and synthetic silicates. Open lung biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans; silicate particles in biopsy specimens suggested a potential link between silicate exposure and pathologic findings. Findings should be considered when evaluating symptomatic patients with occupational exposure to animal feed dusts, in particular amorphous and synthetic silicates. (66442)

CIS 96-833 Wood dust and sino-nasal cancer: Pooled reanalysis of twelve case-control studies. Demers P.A., Kogevinas M., Boffetta P., Leclerc A., Luce D., Gérin M., Battista G., Belli S., Bolm-Audorf U., Brinton L.A., Colin D., Comba P., Hardell L., Hayes R.B., Magnani C., Merler E., Morcet J.F., Preston-Martin S., Matos E., Rodella S., Vaughan T.L., Zheng W., Vainio H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.151-166. 36 ref. (In English)

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Data from 12 case-control studies conducted in seven countries were pooled and reanalyzed. A high risk of adenocarcinoma among men was associated with employment in wood-related occupations; there was also some evidence of an increased risk among women in these jobs. Women in wood dust-exposed jobs appeared to have an excess of squamous cell carcinoma; an increased risk of this disease in men was seen only among those employed for 30 or more years in jobs with exposure to fresh wood. Results support the association between exposure to wood dust and the risk of sino-nasal adenocarcinoma. Evidence regarding squamous cell carcinomas is ambiguous. (66501)

CIS 96-834 Occupational respiratory cancer and exposure to asbestos: A case-control study in a cohort of workers in the electricity and gas industry. Imbernon E., Goldberg M., Bonenfant S., Chevalier A., Guénel P., Vatré R., Dehaye J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.339-352. 36 ref. (In English)

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In a study of male workers in the French electricity and gas industry between 1978 and 1989, cases of cancer of the pleura (12), lung cancer (310) and cancer of the larynx (116) were matched with controls from within the same company. Exposure to asbestos and other substances was estimated using a job-exposure matrix specific to the company. There was a clear association between asbestos exposure and pleural cancer. Some association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer was observed in the two highest cumulative exposure categories. Occupational exposure to asbestos could increase the risk of pleural and lung cancer even at relatively low exposure levels. (66513)

CIS 96-835 Postural stability assessment in sewer workers. Kuo W., Bhattacharya A., Succop P., Linz D., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1996, Vol.38, No.1, p.27-34. 23 ref. (In English)

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In a study to assess central nervous system effects in workers at a wastewater treatment plant, postural stability was measured in 28 workers performing postural sway tests on a microcomputer-based force platform. Exposure to airborne organic solvents was determined by means of a photo-ionization detector. A positive correlation was demonstrated between postural sway and organic solvent exposure. The workers also had increased postural sway compared with a nonexposed population. Given the very low exposures measured, it is possible that solvent exposure may not be the causative agent, but that the solvent levels may correlate with some other causative exposure. (66612)

CIS 96-836 Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the risk of bladder cancer: A French case-control study. Clavel J., Mandereau L., Limasset J.C., Hémon D., Cordier S., International Journal of Epidemiology, Dec. 1994, Vol.23, No.6, p.1145-1153. 30 ref. (In English)

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A hospital-based case-control study of 658 male cases of bladder cancer and 658 male controls was carried out in 5 areas of France from 1984 to 1987. For each subject, occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined through questionnaires. The overall odds ratio for PAH exposure, adjusted for smoking, coffee drinking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines was estimated at 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.7, p<0.05). A slight but clear dose-response relationship was observed, and the trend remained significant after adjustment for cumulative smoking, with odds ratios of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9-1.7), 1.4 (95% CI: 0.9-2.2) and 1.8 (95% CI: 0.8-3.9) for low, medium and high average exposures respectively compared to subjects unexposed to PAH (p<0.05). Moreover, a stronger association between bladder cancer and PAH exposure was detected in a heavy-smoker group. (66625)

CIS 96-837 Effects of occupational lead exposure on motor and somatosensory evoked potentials. Lille F., Margules S., Fournier E., Dally S., Garnier R., Neurotoxicology, Fall 1994, Vol.15, No.3, p.679-683. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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In order to determine the exact effects of inorganic lead compounds on the nervous system, 17 occupationally exposed men were tested for Motor Electric Potentials (MEPs) of the abductor policis brevis muscles with transcranial, cervical root and peripheral electrical stimulations, for Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) of the median and tibial posterior nerves, and for electromyography (EMG). Sixteen of the 17 subjects exhibited electrophysiological abnormalities, occurring at both peripheral and central levels for the somatosensory as well as for the motor systems. Lead exposure was also related to decreased sensory and motor peripheral conduction velocities, increased motor central conduction time, and delayed cortical P22 SEPs component that could be interpreted as a sensory-motor cortical dysfunction. The respective contributions of MEPs and SEPs are compared to clinical, biological and EMG examinations in the evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of inorganic lead compounds. (66647)

CIS 96-838 Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases. Steenland K., Goldsmith D.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.28, No.5, p.603-608. 24 ref. (In English)

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Epidemiologic evidence of an association between silica exposure and autoimmune diseases is summarized and some plausible mechanisms are briefly discussed. Diseases considered include sclerosis, scleroderma, arthritis, lupus and chronic renal disease. The link between silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have been missed in cohort mortality studies because such diseases are rarely underlying causes of death. Similarly, case-control studies of autoimmune diseases have often failed to consider occupational exposure to silica. Further research is required to verify this association. (66670)

CIS 96-839 Cross-sectional follow-up of a flu-like respiratory illness among fiberglass manufacturing employees - Endotoxin exposure associated with two distinct sequelae. Milton D.K., Amsel J., Reed C.E., Enright P.L., Brown L.R., Aughenbaugh G.L., Morey P.R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.28, No.4, p.469-488. 60 ref. (In English)

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Employees at a glass fibre manufacturing plant experienced sporadic flu-like symptoms following exposure to a recirculated washwater mist containing high concentrations of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins. Among 20 subjects reporting a history of severe flu-like episodes, diffusion capacity was significantly lower than for other workers; the illness was more common among workers with intermittent exposure (19 cases) rather than daily exposure (1 case). Asthma was prevalent in the study population, particularly among employees with daily rather than intermittent exposure. Endotoxin exposure was associated with two distinct sequelae depending on the temporal pattern of exposure. (66732)

CIS 96-840 Incidence of cancer and exposure to toluene diisocyanate and methylene diphenyldiisocyanate - A cohort based case-referent study in the polyurethane foam manufacturing industry. Hagmar L., Strömberg U., Welinder H., Mikoczy Z., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.50, No.11, p.1003-1007. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to assess the association between occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate or methylene diphenyldiisocyanate and the risk of cancer. The study group comprised 7,023 subjects employed during the period 1958 to 1987 in nine Swedish polyurethane foam manufacturing plants. The tentative associations, derived from a previous cohort study, between isocyanate exposure and excess risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rectal cancer were not confirmed. Instead, non-significant associations with prostate cancer, and possibly colon cancer, were observed. (66811)

CIS 96-841 Study of occupational lung cancer in asbestos factories in China. Huilan Z., Zhiming W., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1993, Vol.50, No.11, p.1039-1042. 7 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective cohort study (1972-81) of occupational cancers in asbestos (chrysotile) factories was previously published. In this paper the results of continued tracing and interviewing of members of this cohort, comprising 5,893 persons, between 1982 to 1986, is reported. Malignant tumours played an important role in causes of death (36.9%). There were 183 cancers and 67 lung cancers among 496 deaths. The mortality due to lung cancer had a tendency to increase. By comparison with a control group, the RR of lung cancer was 5.32 (p<0.01), and the SRR of lung cancer was 4.2 (p<0.01), significantly higher than those of the control group. Among 148 cases of death from asbestosis there were 33 cases complicated with lung cancer (22.3%). The dose-response relations between exposure to asbestos and incidence of asbestosis and lung cancer were also studied in one asbestos factory. There was a positive correlation. A synergistic effect was found between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. (66814)

CIS 96-842 Dental health in workers previously exposed to mercury vapour at a chloralkali plant. Holland R.I., Ellingsen D.G., Olstad M.L., Kjuus H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.656-659. 12 ref. (In English)

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The dental health of 73 workers previously exposed to mercury vapour at a chloralkali plant was studied and compared with that of 51 non-exposed referents. A record of oral, periodontal, gingival and mucosal conditions, including teeth, restorations, prostheses and oral hygiene, was established during a 30min examination. There was no significant difference between the exposed workers and the referents with respect to the number of remaining teeth, amount of amalgam restorations, crowns, bridges, or endodontically treated teeth. The oral hygiene among the exposed workers was significantly better than among the referents, but the periodontal health conditions did not significantly differ between the two groups, nor from those of another Norwegian population. The present results seem to contradict previous reports claiming tooth loss as a possible result of exposure to mercury vapour. (66826)

CIS 96-843 Outcome of job change in patients with occupational chromate dermatitis. Lips R., Rast H., Elsner P., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1996, Vol.34, No.4, p.268-271. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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Patients with allergic contact dermatitis due to dichromate are reputed to have a bad prognosis. Under the Swiss Law on Accident Insurance, the Swiss National Accident Insurance Organization may issue a declaration of medical incapacity (DMI) in cases of severe occupational dichromate dermatitis. With such a DMI, an employee is not allowed to perform any further work bringing him into contact with dichromate or cement. In this study, medical records from 88 construction workers with such DMIs between 1986 and 1989 were reviewed. Follow-up was performed by standardized questionnaire: 63 patients (72%) recovered in the first few years after DMI. The majority of these patients had changed industry and strictly avoided all contact with cement or chromium salts and a few had retired early. The outcome of the study was favourable in comparison with studies from other countries without the DMI mechanism. Strict allergen avoidance, enforced by authorities, and financial support in the case of job change are crucial in improving the prognosis in occupational dichromate dermatitis. (66843)

CIS 96-844 Use of biologic markers for toxic end-points in assessment of risks from exposure to chemicals. Mercier M.J., Robinson A.E., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.65, No.1 (supplement), p.S7-S10. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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The National Research Council in the US defines biological markers as "indicators signalling events in biological systems or samples". Examples of biological markers are carboxyhaemoglobin in carbon monoxide exposure, pulmonary function change in response to exposure to the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen or to formaldehyde, cholinesterase inhibition due to exposure to organophosphorus compounds and measurement of DNA- or haem-adducts to assess the effects of exposure to carcinogens. The factors which influence the selection of a biological marker are discussed. Recommendations for use in quantitative risk assessment are given. (66884)

CIS 96-845 Ethylene glycol ethers and risks of spontaneous abortion and subfertility. Correa A., Gray R.H., Cohe R., Rothman N., Shah F., Seacat H., Corn M., American Journal of Epidemiology, Apr. 1996, Vol.143, No.7, p.707-717. 38 ref. (In English)

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Occupational exposures to ethylene glycol ethers (EGE) are of concern since their reproductive toxicity has been well documented in animal studies. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among workers at two semiconductor manufacturing plants in the eastern United States in 1980-1989. Assessment of potential exposure to mixtures containing EGE was based on reported processes and company records. Among female workers potential exposure to mixtures containing EGE was associated with increased risks of spontaneous abortion and subfertility. Both of these risks exhibited a dose-response relation. Among spouses of male worker potentially exposed to mixtures containing EGE, there was no increased risk of spontaneous abortion, but a nonsignificant increased risk of subfertility was ascertained. (66924)

CIS 96-846 Contribution to the definition of neurobehavioural methods for occupational medicine: From a rigid physiognomy to a variable geometry structure. (Italian: Contributo ad una definizione di metodi neurocomportamentali per la medicina del lavoro: da una fisionomia rigida ad una struttura a geometria variabile) Camerino D., Cassito M.G., Fanelli C., Fattorini E., Giglioli R., Prevenzione oggi, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.6, No.4, p.139-162. 43 ref. (In Italian)

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The International Network for Computer-Based Neurobehavioural Evaluation of Toxicity (INCNET), working since many years in the field of behavioural neurotoxicology, has developed a questionnaire software, based on a string of neurobehavioural tests called EUNES (European Neurobehavioural Evaluation System). The target is the multi-centre evaluation of the effects on the central nervous system of subjects occupationally exposed to solvents. (66928)

CIS 96-847 Acute and subchronic neurotoxicity studies with tri-N-butyl phosphate in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Healy C.E., Beyrouty P.C., Broxup B.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1995, Vol.56, No.4, p.349-355. Illus. 17 ref. ### (In English)

This study showed that tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), a liquid phosphate ester used as a component in the production of airline hydraulic fluids, has no appreciable neurotoxic effect on rats. (67046)

CIS 96-848 Development of a new qualitative test for fit testing respirators. Mullins H.E., Danisch S.G., Johnston A.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1068-1073. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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A qualitative fit test was developed using Bitrex¿ (denatonium benzoate) as the test agent. It was validated by running a series of paired fit tests on subjects wearing NIOSH-approved half mask respirators fitted with high efficiency filters. Quantitative tests were conducted with a small corn oil aerosol. Qualitative fit tests were run with Bitrex and saccharin, following the established protocol for the saccharin fit test. The Bitrex and saccharin tests were found to have virtually the same performance. Bitrex is a good alternative to consider for qualitative fit testing. (66321)

CIS 96-849 The assigned protection factor of 10 for half-mask respirators. Nelson T.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1995, Vol.56, No.7, p.717-724. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Studies on the performance of half-mask air purifying respirators were analyzed. Using data from seven selected studies, 1.5% of the workplace protection factor (WPF) values were less than 10, the best estimate of the fifth percentile was 13, with a 95% confidence interval of 10 to 18. This appears to support the assigned protection factor of 10 for this class of respirators. Differences between the mean WPF based on the type of filter were found, but no difference was found between the mean performance of elastomeric and disposable respirators equipped with dust/mist and dust/fume/mist filters. (66360)

CIS 96-850 Evaluation of proposed methods to update human testing of self-contained breathing apparatus. Turner N., Beeckman D., Hodous T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1995, Vol.56, No.12, p.1195-1200. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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Proposed use test protocols for the human testing of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) were evaluated. Unlike the current NIOSH tests, the proposed tests use a continuous monitoring technique and provide the ability to test apparatus at consistent absolute work rates regardless of the body weight of the subject. The proposed tests were evaluated for four different SCBAs worn by seven subjects in three body weight categories. The proposed test protocols could form the basis for eventual recommendations to revise the current tests for SCBA performance evaluation. (66414)

CIS 96-851 Field performance measurements of half-facepiece respirators - Paint spraying operations. Zhuang Z., Myers W.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1996, Vol.57, No.1, p.50-57. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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Workplace protection factors were measured for three half-facepiece respirators fitted with combination high-efficiency filter/organic vapour cartridge air-purifying elements. Exposures to aluminium, chlorine, chromium, silicon, strontium and titanium were estimated during aircraft paint-spraying operations. Ambient and in-facepiece concentrations of all elements combined and of titanium and chromium are tabulated along with workplace protection factors by shift, location, worker, respirator and type of paint application. When these respirators were conscientiously worn, used in conjunction with existing controls, and were properly maintained, they ensured an effective protection of workers. (66486)

CIS 96-852 Field measurements of half-facepiece respirators - Foundry operations. Myers W.R., Zhuang Z., Nelson T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.166-174. 13 ref. (In English)

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Workplace protection factors provided by elastomeric and disposable half-facepiece respirators were calculated from the ratio of ambient and in-facepiece concentrations of dust and fume exposures at three foundries. The main components of the airborne exposures were zinc, lead and silicon. The main components of the in-facepiece samples were zinc, chlorine and lead. While significant differences were observed in ambient zinc and lead concentrations among foundries, no significant difference was observed in the in-facepiece concentrations of these elements among foundries. The in-facepiece penetration data clearly indicate that these respirators, when conscientiously used and maintained, and in conjunction with existing controls, provide effective worker protection. (66777)

CIS 96-853 Self-reported use of respiratory protection among a cohort of underground bituminous coal miners. Jennison E.A., Odencrantz J.R., Sembower K., Petsonk E.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1996, Vol.57, No.2, p.191-195. 17 ref. (In English)

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Patterns of self-reported respirator use were analyzed in a cohort of 193 underground bituminous coal miners who were followed for five years. Based on 1370 responses, the mean percentage of time that a respirator was worn was 18.9% for all subjects; 39.8% reported no respirator usage. Face workers reported wearing respirators a mean of 28.1% of the time compared with 9.8% for nonface workers and 3.0% for supervisors. Higher tenure was associated with lower respirator use. Further studies are needed to relate patterns of respirator use to temporal changes in coal mine dust exposure. (66780)

CIS 96-854 Welding helmet airborne fume concentrations compared to personal breathing zone sampling. Liu D., Wong H., Quinlan P., Blanc P.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1995, Vol.56, No.3, p.280-283. Illus. 14 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-855 Characterization of emission sources in buildings and HVAC systems: Quantification and uncertainty. Batterman S.A., Luoma M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1083-1089. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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The use of in situ mass balance techniques to characterize emission sources in buildings and heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is described. The techniques use flow and concentration measurements taken in the building or HVAC system from which contaminant fluxes and emissions are computed. Uncertainties in results caused by measurement errors and variability in observed concentrations and flows are discussed, and the accuracy of emission estimates derived in this way is evaluated. Results show the required measurement accuracies for various source and building conditions. (66323)

CIS 96-856 The sensitive individual and the indoor environment: Case study. Martin J.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1121-1126. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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An environmental investigation was carried out in an office building following occupant reports of health problems suspected of being associated with the indoor environment. No conditions likely to cause the reported health problems were indicated. One occupant was experiencing a fairly severe reaction only upon entering the building but no specific explanation was identified; a possible allergic reaction to materials within the building was suggested. The case highlights the role of the occupational physician in environmental investigations and the need to consider the possible presence of sensitive individuals. (66328)

CIS 96-857 Evaluation of chemical exposures in the hazardous waste industry. Pedersen B.A., Higgins G.M., Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Feb. 1995, Vol.45, p.89-94. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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The assessment of personnel exposure to volatile solvent vapours is an important aspect in any comprehensive health and safety programme. This is particularly true at Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) and for industries dealing with volatile solvents. This paper presents organic vapour monitoring data from seven TSDFs and from several routine small business and household activities. It shows that proper controls at TSDFs effectively reduce personnel vapour exposure. Through an examination of data from a specialized business such as a TSDF, along with data from more routine activities, a different perspective arises regarding potential hazards associated with hazardous waste disposal activities. (66640)

CIS 96-858 Sensory irritation in mice exposed to emissions from indoor products. Muller W.J., Black M.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.794-803. Illus. 22 ref. ### (In English)

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CIS 96-859 Urinary excretion of tetrahydropht[h]alimide in fruit growers with dermal exposure to captan. de Cock J., Heederik D., Hoek F., Boleij J., Kromhout H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.245-256. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Uptake of captan by pesticide applicators was measured by urinary monitoring of its metabolite, tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI). Respiratory and dermal exposures were estimated by personal air sampling and skin patches. Dermal exposure showed a clear relation to THPI in urine when exposure was estimated from skin pads on the ankles and neck. No relation was found for total dermal exposure or for respiratory exposure. Protection of the skin by using a cabin on the tractor and wearing rubber boots resulted in a lower uptake of captan. Results indicate that the skin is the major route of absorption and that there is an apparent contribution of specific body areas. (66508)

CIS 96-860 Determinants of disability in illnesses related to agricultural use of organophosphates (OPs) in California. Weinbaum Z., Schenker M.B., O'Malley M.A., Gold E.B., Samuels S.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.257-274. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Data on reported occupational illness related to organophosphate (OP) exposure in California were examined for the period 1984-1988. 878 cases of systemic illness and 199 cases of skin disease or eye injury were identified. Factors associated with severe systemic illness were identified as: contact with OP residue on commodities or in the field; mixing, loading and application activities; increased numbers of OPs per exposure; exposure to diethyl rather than dimethyl compounds. Results highlight factors to be targeted in the prevention or reduction of OP exposures. (66509)

CIS 96-861 Pesticide exposure during greenhouse applications. Part I: Dermal exposure reduction due to directional ventilation and worker training; Part II: Chemical permeation through protective clothing in contact with treated foliage. Methner M.M., Fenske R.A., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1994, Vol.9, No.8, p.560-574. Illus. 49 ref. (In English)

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Workers conducted benchtop handgunning spray operations in commercial greenhouses with the ventilation system either on or off. Both video-imaging analysis and patch sampling indicated that when spray painting occurred with ventilation on rather than off, dermal exposure was reduced for experienced applicators, but increased for inexperienced applicators. No difference was observed between the two groups with ventilation off. Protective clothing performance was evaluated with particular reference to the hazard of contact with wet or treated foliage. Breakthrough times for four commercially available garments are reported. It was concluded that none of the garments can be considered chemical resistant under the use conditions observed. Contact with treated foliage represents a special hazard during greenhouse applications, and many chemical protective clothing products in current use are inadequate for worker protection. These products should be redesigned and field-tested. (66650)

CIS 96-862 Time to pregnancy and occupational exposure to pesticides in fruit growers in the Netherlands. de Cock J., Westveer K., Heederik D., Te Velde E., Van Kooij R., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1994, Vol.51, No.10, p.693-699. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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This explorative study investigates the relation between exposure of the fruit grower to pesticides and fecundability (probability of pregnancy) in a population of fruit growers. The analysis was based on self-reported data and included 91 pregnancies during 1978-1990 of 43 couples. Cox' proportional hazards model was used to analyze time to pregnancy after correction for gravidity and consultation with a physician for fertility problems. Application of pesticides solely by the owner was associated with a long time to pregnancy, resulting in a fecundability ratio of 0.46. Similarly a low spraying velocity resulted in a fecundability ratio of 0.47 and was associated with the use of older spraying techniques and tractors without a cabin. The effect of high exposure was mainly apparent if the couple had intended to become pregnant in the period from March-November (fecundability ratio 0.42). In the high exposure group 28% of the pregnancies had been preceded by consulting a physician because of fertility problems, compared with 8% in the low exposure group. These findings indicate that an adverse effect of exposure to pesticides on fecundability is likely. (66829)

CIS 96-863 Contact dermatitis due to a new fungicide used in the tulip bulb industry. Bruynzeel D.P., Tafelkruijer J., Wilks M.F., Contact Dermatitis, July 1995, Vol.33, No.1, p.8-11. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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An outbreak of contact dermatitis in a tulip bulb processing company is described. Shortly after the introduction of a new pesticide, the fungicide fluazinam, employees started to complain of dermatitis of the arms and the face. Eight employees were investigated and showed positive patch tests to fluazinam. The dermatitis disappeared quickly when they stopped work, but returned as soon as they restarted. Subsequent investigations showed that the fungicide had not been used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Fluazinam was shown to be a strong sensitizer under these circumstances. (66891)

CIS 96-864 Longitudinal and cross sectional analyses of exposure to coal mine dust and pulmonary function in new miners. Seixas N.S., Robins T.G., Attfield M.D., Moulton L.H., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.50, No.10, p.929-937. 30 ref. (In English)

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The association between exposure to dust and pulmonary function was studied by longitudinal and cross-section analyses in a group of US underground coal miners beginning work in or after 1970. The cohort included 977 miners examined both in round two (R2)(1972-75) and round four (R4)(1985-88) of the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. The results indicated a rapid initial (at R2) loss of FVC and FEV₁ in association with cumulative exposure of the order of 30mL per mg/m³-years. After some 15 years since first exposure (at R4), a statistically significant association of cumulative exposure with FEV₁ of about -5.9mL per mg/m³-years was found. These results indicate a significant non-linear effect of exposure to dust on pulmonary function at dust concentrations present after regulations took effect. The initial responses in both the FVC and FEV₁ are consistent with inflammation of the small airways in response to exposure to dust. (66749)

CIS 96-865 Lead exposure during removal of old paint from wood. (German: Bleigefährdung bei der Entfernung älterer Holzanstriche) Elliehausen H.J., Böhm R., Feikert G., Gross D., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, Oct. 1995, Vol.30, No.11, p.499-502. Illus. 8 ref. (In German)

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Lead-containing paint on wooden window frames and doors is usually removed with pressurized hot air or by propane gas flame cleaning followed by sanding. Following a case of acute lead intoxication during this kind of work, the lead concentrations in personal air samples taken at the workplace of 17 workers were determined as well as the lead concentrations in the blood of some of these workers. Lead concentrations exceeded the exposure limit regardless of the paint removal method used. It is recommended that respirators be worn for this kind of work. (66855)

CIS 96-866 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in construction workers. Congé-Salazar L., Guimaraens D., Villegas C., Romero A., Gonzalez M.A., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1995, Vol.33, No.4, p.226-230. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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The patch test results of 449 construction workers who came as patients to the Occupational Dermatology Service of the Instituto Nacional de Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo in Madrid between 1989 and 1993 are reported. Of these, 90.8% were patch tested because they had cutaneous lesions or a clinical history suggestive of occupational dermatitis. Of those patch tested 65.5% (268) showed one or more reactions connected with their work. Chromate at 41.1% was the main allergen, followed by cobalt: 20.5%, nickel: 10%, and epoxy resin: 7.5%. 25.9% (106) of patients showed sensitization to rubber components, the majority at 23.7% to thiuram mix, with TETD being the main allergen. (66897)

CIS 96-867 Pancreatic cancer among workers processing synthetic resins. Selenskas S., Teta M.J., Vitale J.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.385-398. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

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An excess of pancreatic cancer identified at a plastics facility in New Jersey, USA was investigated. Workplace exposures were compared for 28 male pancreatic cancer cases and 140 controls. Workers assigned to a work area that processed vinyl resins and polyethylene were at increased risk. Men assigned more than 16 years to this department had a significantly increased risk; no excess was seen with shorter duration assignments. Average latency was 32 years. It is likely that the pancreatic cancer is associated with prolonged exposure to the products of vinyl processing. (66517)

CIS 96-868 Occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the sour gas industry - Some unresolved issues. Guidotti T.L., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994, Vol.66, No.3, p.153-160. Illus. 54 ref. (In English)

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This literature survey deals with the effects of exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the natural gas industry. It is stressed that the acute toxicity of hydrogen sulfide is well known. However, exposure-response data are confined to lethal doses. There is some evidence that long-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide causes eye irritation. Further studies are needed for confirmation. (66889)

CIS 96-869 Investigative industrial hygiene: Airborne lead concentrations during arc gouging in confined spaces. Harris M.K., Carter S.R., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1994, Vol.55, No.12, p.1188-1192. 10 ref. ### (In English)

Determination of airborne lead concentrations during arc gouging in confined spaces in a petroleum refinery. (67034)

CIS 96-870 Upper airway symptoms and function in wood surface coating industry workers. Holmström M., Granstrand P., Nylander-French L.A., Rosén G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.207-220. 55 ref. (In English)

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Respiratory and ocular symptoms were investigated in workers employed in the surface coating of wood products using either ultraviolet radiation curing (UV) or acid curing (AC). Symptoms were investigated by questionnaire and medical examination among surface coating line workers, finishing workers and a control group. Nasal, pharyngeal and ocular symptoms of discomfort were common among all exposed groups. Symptoms were most frequent in UV line workers and finishers of UV coated wood products. Mucociliary clearance was significantly slower in UV line workers. Low levels of organic solvents and coating dusts were measured in the workers' breathing zones. (66505)

CIS 96-871 Neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic mixed-solvent exposure in the screen printing industry. White R.F., Proctor S.P., Echeverria D., Schweikert J., Feldman R.G., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.221-231. 32 ref. (In English)

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Neuropsychological assessments were carried out on 30 workers in a screen printing business. Air sampling indicated the presence of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, mineral spirits, β-ether, methylene chloride and acetic acid. Exposure levels varied throughout the plant but were all were below recommended threshold limit values. Workers with higher acute exposure demonstrated impaired test performance on tasks involving manual dexterity, visual memory and mood. Those with chronic exposure demonstrated poorer performance on visual memory tasks and mood. Results suggest that the mixed solvents used in the screen printing industry have an effect on central nervous system functioning in the absence of obvious clinical disease. (66506)

CIS 96-872 Autonomic and central nervous system effects of lead in female glass workers in China. Murata K., Araki S., Yokoyama K., Nomiyama K., Nomiyama H., Tao Y.X., Liu S.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1995, Vol.28, No.2, p.233-244. Illus. 47 ref. (In English)

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Autonomic and central nervous system functions were measured in 36 female lead-exposed workers and in a nonexposed control group. Measurements included electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV_RR) and visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (VEP and BAEP). All parameters of autonomic nervous system function except heart rate were significantly depressed in the exposed workers compared with the nonexposed group. The exposed group also had more complaints of subjective symptoms. No significant differences in either VEP or BAEP latencies were found between the two groups. It is suggested that autonomic nervous function is more susceptible to lead than are visual and auditory nervous functions; lead affects sympathetic activity more strongly than parasympathetic activity. (66507)

CIS 96-873 Contact sensitization to organosilane solution in glass filament production. Heino T., Haapa K., Manelius F., Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1996, Vol.34, No.4, p.294. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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Following recent reports of sensitization to silanes used as bonding agents between glass and resin in the coating of glass filaments, 61 workers in a glass fibre factory were exposed to a new coating mixture which contained polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, acetic acid and organosilane solution. At the same time, six other coating solutions were also in use. Eight workers developed an itchy erythematous papular dermatitis on parts of the body directly in contact with coating solutions. All had dermatitis on the hands, wrists and forearms, and, in addition, three on the face and the neck. All eight patients were patch tested with the standard series, a series of plastics and glues, and 20 substances in the coatings. Six out of eight patients tested were positive to one or more substances and, in all of these, occupational allergic contact dermatitis was confirmed. Five reacted to epoxy resin and two to formaldehyde, present in one coating solution as preservative. Organosilane solution is an important source of contact sensitization in the production of glass filaments. (66845)

CIS 96-874 Immediate allergic reaction to latex. (German: Soforttypallergie auf Naturlatex) Fuchs T., Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, Sep.-Oct. 1995, Vol. 43, No.5, p.230. 4 ref. (In German)

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The following immediate allergies have been reported to be caused by protective gloves made of latex: contact dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and anaphylactic shock. The frequency rates of immediate allergic reactions to latex among medical personnel are between seven and 10%. Protective gloves made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rarely cause any immediate allergies. However, due to its carcinogenic properties and for ecological reasons, protective gloves made of PVC are not recommended for use as a substitute for latex gloves. Protective gloves made of synthetic rubbers such as neoprene are recommended instead for use by medical personnel. (66852)

CIS 96-875 High exposures to organic solvents among graffiti removers. Anundi H., Lind M.L., Friis L., Itkes N., Langworth S., Edling C., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.65, No.4. p.247-251. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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The average 8h exposure to dichloromethane of 12 graffiti removers in underground stations in Sweden ranged from 18 to 1,200mg/m³. For 50% of the workers, the average exposure was above the limit of 120mg/m³. The breathing zone concentrations of other solvents such as glycol ethers, trimethylbenzenes and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone were low or not detectable. While irritative symptoms of the eyes and upper respiratory tract were more prevalent than in the general population, neither exposure-related deviations of the indicators of liver damage nor acute effects on the central nervous system were found. The workers were advised to use half-mask respirators and to avoid skin contact by wearing protective clothing. (66882)

CIS 96-876 Guidelines for management of health care wastes in Hungary. Horváth A., Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.87-99. 19 ref. (In English)

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Guidelines for the management of health care waste in Hungary are outlined: definition and classification of different waste types; requirements for collection, packaging, marking, storage and transport of wastes; incineration; pretreatment (disinfection); accident prevention and use of personal protective equipment; contents of a waste management plan for hospitals. (66975)

CIS 96-877 Occupational skin diseases in dental laboratory technicians. (I) Clinical picture and causative factors. Rustemeyer T., Frosch P.J., Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1996, Vol.34, No.2, p.125-133. 39 ref. (In English)

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In a questionnaire survey of 173 dental technicians, 29% reported work-related skin symptoms. Among the 55 technicians who were examined, allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 63.6%, and irritant contact dermatitis in 23.6%. Most of the allergens identified were found in plastic materials, in particular, acrylates and methacrylates. A computer data base of dental materials was developed with information on product ingredients. The main irritant factors included wet work, contact with plaster, mechanical friction and thermal changes. Strategies for prevention should focus on reduction of irritant factors and safer use of (meth)acrylates. (66979)

CIS 96-878 Tumor markers in serum, polyamines and modified nucleosides in urine, and cytogenic aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Buchet J.P., Ferreira M., Burrion J.B., Leroy T., Kirsch-Volders M., Van Hummelen P., Jacques J., Cupers L., Delavignette J.P., Lauwerys R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1995, Vol.27, No.4, p.523-543. 60 ref. (In English)

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The concentration of several tumour markers in blood, the excretion of polyamines and modified nucleosides in urine, and the presence of cytogenic aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes (sister-chromatid exchanges, high frequency cells (HFC), and micronuclei) were measured in 149 workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results were related to PAH exposure parameters. HFC was the biomarker most consistently associated with the intensity of current exposure to PAHs. Based on the prevalence of abnormal HFC values, it is suggested that the concentration of PAHs in air should be kept below 6.4µg/m³ and the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in postshift urine below 2.7µg/g creatinine. Associations between other biomarkers and exposure parameters were weak. (66287)

CIS 96-879 Work-site clinical and neurobehavioral assessment of solvent-exposed microelectronics workers. Broadwell D.K., Darcey D.J., Hudnell H.K., Otto D.A., Boyes W.K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1995, Vol.27, No.5, p.677-698. Illus. 83 ref. (In English)

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Clinical and neurobehavioural assessments were carried out among 25 microelectronics workers and a matched control group. Retrospective exposure assessments in the study group suggested chronic low-level exposure to solvents, with intermittent acute exposures. Results of neurobehavioural tests indicated that the exposed group had measurable deficits in sensory, motor and cognitive function. They also reported more medical symptoms and altered mood states. Three workers had findings consistent with a solvent-induced encephalopathy. Results support an association between chronic low-dose solvent exposure and measurable neurobehavioural changes. (66314)

CIS 96-880 Patch test results in hairdressers with contact dermatitis in Greece (1985-1994). Katsarou A., Koufou B., Takou K., Kalogeromitros D., Papanayiotou G., Vareltzidis A., Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1995, Vol.33, No.5, p.347-348. 12 ref. (In English)

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Hairdressers referred to a contact dermatitis clinic were patch tested with the European standard series and with a hairdressers' series. One or more positive reactions to hairdressers' allergens were seen in 50 (47%) of the 106 patients. 32 (30%) were reactive only to non-hairdressers' allergens, and 24 (23%) were negative to all allergens tested. The predominantly young female hairdressers studied had a high frequency of nickel sensitivity compared to other females at the clinic. Of the hairdressers' allergens, the most positive patch test reactions were to p-phenylenediamine and ammonium persulfate. (66349)

CIS 96-881 Decreases of CD4- and CD8-positive T lymphocytes in retired chromate workers. Tanigawa T., Araki S., Araki T., Minato N., Yokoyama K., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.877-882. 20 ref. (In English)

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To investigate the effects of chromates on the human immune system, total T lymphocytes and their two major subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes) were measured in the peripheral blood of 19 retired chromate-exposed chemical workers. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower than in a non-exposed control group; total T lymphocytes and total lymphocytes were also lower. Results indicate significant decreases in T lymphocytes in this population considered to be at high-risk of occupational lung cancer, prior to clinical diagnosis of the disease. (66438)

CIS 96-882 Effect of lead on blood pressure in occupationally nonexposed men. Wolf C., Wallnöfer A., Waldhör T., Vutuc C., Meisinger V., Rüdiger H.W., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1995, Vol.27, No.6, p.897-903. 18 ref. (In English)

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In a survey of 507 males with no occupational exposure to lead, the effects of age, weight, height, alcohol intake, nicotine consumption and blood lead on blood pressure were investigated. Both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significantly influenced by the body mass index, age and alcohol. A significant effect of lead could only be found for diastolic blood pressure. Results indicate that even in low concentrations, the influence of lead on diastolic blood pressure may be significant in this group of middle-aged men. (66440)

CIS 96-883 Immunological reactions and respiratory function in wool textile workers. Zuskin E., Kanceljak B., Mustajbegovic J., Godnic-Cvar J., Schachter E.N., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.445-456. 31 ref. (In English)

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Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in a group of 64 wool textile workers and in 46 unexposed controls. Skin testing was performed with different wool allergens and with common allergens. Compared to the control group, the wool workers showed a higher prevalence of positive skin tests to all allergens, increased serum IgE levels and a higher prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms. Significant across-shift reductions in ventilatory capacity were recorded in the wool workers, as well as abnormal baseline lung function. In general, the prevalence of symptoms and the lung function abnormalities did not correlate with the results of specific (wool) skin tests. (66443)

CIS 96-884 Cancer risk due to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nadon L., Siemiatycki J., Dewar R., Krewski D., Gérin M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.303-324. 52 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 3,730 cancer patients and 533 controls in Montreal, Canada, associations were analyzed between 14 cancer types and exposure to six types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A detailed job history was obtained from each subject along with information on potential confounders. For most types of cancer evaluated, there was no evidence of excess risk due to PAHs at the levels encountered. For a few cancer sites (oesophagus, pancreas and prostate gland), there were suggestions of excess risk. For lung cancer, there appeared to be an increased risk due to PAHs among nonsmokers and light smokers, but not among heavy smokers. Limitations of the study are discussed. (66511)

CIS 96-885 Update of the mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Olsen G.W., Bodner K.M, Stafford B.A, Cartmill J.B., Gondek M.R., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1995, Vol.28, No.3, p.399-410. 36 ref. (In English)

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The mortality experience of a cohort of 548 workers involved in the production of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane from 1957 to 1975 was followed to 1989. There were 68 total observed deaths (compared with 72.1 expected), 19 deaths from all malignancies (19 expected), and seven deaths from lung cancer (6.6 expected); among the 81 workers with direct exposure direct for one or more years, there were three lung cancer deaths (0.9 expected). While the study does not suggest an increased risk for all malignant neoplasm mortality, conclusions are limited by the size of the cohort and duration of follow-up. (66518)

CIS 96-886 Bronchial symptoms and respiratory function in workers exposed to methylmethacrylate. Marez T., Edmé J.L., Boulenguez C., Shirali P., Haguenoer J.M., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1993, Vol.50, No.10, p.894-897. 21 ref. (In English)

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This study aimed to investigate the pulmonary effects of methylmethacrylate (MMA) in a group of occupationally exposed workers. In the exposed group 20% had chronic cough compared with 1% in controls. Spirometric values at the beginning of the workshift were similar in both groups, but a mild airways obstruction appeared during the workshift. The maximum expiratory flow when 50% of the forced vital capacity remained to be exhaled (MEF₅₀) and the ratio of MEF₅₀ to maximal expiratory flow (MEF₅₀/MEF) decreased significantly during the workshift among exposed workers compared to controls (p = 0.04 and 0.01 respectively). Results remained unaffected after adjustment for smoking. Exposure to MMA seems to be responsible for a mild airways obstruction but further study on a larger population would be useful. (66746)

CIS 96-887 Primary sensitization to a single accidental exposure to a flame retardant and subsequent allergic contact dermatitis. Parslew R., King C.M., Evans S., Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1995, Vol.33, No.4, p.286. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Case report of a worker who suffered blistering of the skin after contact with a flame retardant containing 2,3-dibromocresylglycidyl ether. Corticosteroid treatment was effective. Patch testing verified sensitization to this compound. Primary sensitization resulting from a single exposure has been reported for several other substances, but not for this compound. (66898)

CIS 96-888 Man made mineral fibers (MMMF): Health based recommended occupational exposure limits. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 152p. approx. 210 ref., ISBN 90-5549-085-7 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the effects of occupational exposure to man-made mineral fibres (MMMF). The committee distinguishes six groups of MMMF depending on composition: continuous filament fibre glass, glass wool fibres, rock wool fibres, slag wool fibres, refractory ceramic fibres (RCF), and special purpose glass fibres. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; occupational guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, reproduction toxicity, carcinogenicity); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk. Based on the data available the committee recommends the following health-based occupational exposure limits: continuous filament fibre glass: reduction of skin and mucous membrane contact as far as possible; glass wool, rock wool, slag wool and special purpose glass fibres: for all types a HBR-OEL of 3 respirable fibres/mL, 8h TWA; refractory ceramic fibres: based on a non-genotoxic mechanism for their carcinogenicity a HBR-OEL of 1 respirable fibre/mL, 8h TWA. Summary in Dutch. (66403)

CIS 96-889 The asbestos hazards handbook - A guide to safety at work, in the community and at home. London Hazards Centre, Interchange Studios, Dalby Street, London NW5 3NQ, United Kingdom, Dec. 1995. 144p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 12.00 (GBP 5.00 to trade unions and community groups)., ISBN 0-948974-13-3 (In English)

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This guide describes the health hazards of asbestos exposure, explains current regulations and urges further action to improve awareness of the risks and to control exposure. Contents: asbestos-related disease in the United Kingdom; exposure among construction workers and other high risk groups; health hazards (asbestosis, cancer); types of asbestos and their uses; legal requirements, employers' responsibilities and prosecutions for asbestos offences; safe removal of asbestos; waste disposal and contamination; compensation for asbestos victims; international activities. (66281)

CIS 96-890 Update on benzene. Imbriani M., Ghittori S., Pezzagno G., Capodaglio E., eds., Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Edizioni, PI-ME Press, Viale Sardegna 64, Pavia 27100, Italy, May-Aug. 1995. xi, 265p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 88-7963-038-5 (In English)

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Collection of 22 papers concerning benzene exposure and monitoring. Among the topics covered: literature survey of recent studies on benzene exposure in various workplaces; factors influencing biological levels of benzene in humans; benzene-induced leukaemia; haematological changes due to benzene exposure; biological monitoring of low levels of benzene exposure; benzene determination in blood by gas chromatographic headspace analysis; biomarkers of benzene exposure in blood and urine; effect of smoking on biological monitoring of benzene exposure; investigation of benzene residues in chemical products. (66388)

CIS 96-891 Chlorine dioxide: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1996. 57p. 41 ref., ISBN 90-5549-099-7 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to chlorine dioxide and recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, short-term toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity); previous evaluations by other national and international bodies; hazard assessment. Based on the data available the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for chlorine dioxide of 0.3mg/m³ (0.1ppm). Since the gas's critical effects are related to its locally corrosive characteristics, the committee recommends that this limit be applied to the concentration averaged over a fifteen-minute period. Summary in Dutch. (66401)

CIS 96-892 Formamide and dimethylformamide: Health based recommended occupational exposure limits. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 128p. Illus. 84 ref., ISBN 90-5549-098-9 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to formamide and dimethylformamide (DMF) and recommends health-based occupational exposure limits for these substances. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, short-term toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity); previous evaluations by national and international bodies; evaluation of human health risk. Based on the data available the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for formamide of 16mg/m³ (9ppm) as an 8h TWA concentration. For dimethylformamide the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit of 15mg/m³ (5ppm) as a 8h TWA concentration. Since skin absorption can contribute substantially to total body burden, a skin notation is recommended. Summary in Dutch. (66402)

CIS 96-893 Cadmium and inorganic cadmium compounds: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 92p. 98 ref., ISBN 90-5549-092-X (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to cadmium (Cd) and its inorganic compounds. This assessment is an update of the criteria document published by the committee in 1980 (RA 5/80). Attention is given to: present guidelines and standards; chemical and physical characteristics; environmental and biological monitoring; toxicodynamics (including: non-tumorigenic effects on the respiratory tract, lung cancer risks, effects on the kidneys, and miscellaneous effects); previous evaluations by national and international bodies; evaluation of human health risk; recommendations for research. Based on the data available the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for cadmium and its inorganic compounds of 5µg/m³ (as Cd) as an eight-hour TWA. Epidemiological data show that below this level no increased lung tumour incidence is to be expected. For biological monitoring purposes, the committee recommends to use a concentration of 4µg Cd/g creatinine in urine as an upper limit. Summary in Dutch. (66404)

CIS 96-894 Acetone cyanohydrin: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 96p. Illus. 88 ref., ISBN 90-5549-093-8 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to acetone cyanohydrin (ACNH) and recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for this substance. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, short-term toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity); previous evaluations by national and international bodies; evaluation of human health risk. Based on the data available the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for acetone cyanohydrin of 3.5mg/m³ (1ppm) as an eight-hour TWA. For short-term exposure a fifteen minute health-based occupational exposure limit of 35mg/m³ (10ppm) is recommended. A skin-notation is recommended. Summary in Dutch. (66405)

CIS 96-895 1,1,1-Trichloroethane: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 62p. 44 ref., ISBN 90-5549-084-9 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane and recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit. The report is an update of the committee's report on the same substance that was published in 1981 (RA 3/81). Attention is given to: existing guidelines, standards and evaluations; biological limit values; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity); evaluation of human health risk. Based on the data available the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for 1,1,1-trichloroethane of 555mg/m³ (100ppm, 8 hours TWA). A biological exposure limit based on the 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration in urine of 235µg/L urine is recommended. However, this BAT value should be interpreted with caution and be used as an indication only, as corroboration (and validation) is needed. Summary in Dutch. (66406)

CIS 96-896 1- and 2-Propanol: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1994. 117p. approx. 160 ref., ISBN 90-5549-061-X (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the effects of exposure to 1-propanol and 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol). Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity, irritation and sensitization); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk. The committee concludes that it cannot recommend a health-based occupational exposure limit for 1-propanol based on the available data. Based on an animal study in which no effects were observed at a concentration of 1925mg/m³ (770ppm) the committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit of 650mg/m³ (250ppm) for 2-propanol, to be averaged over an 8-hour working day (8h TWA). Summary in Dutch. (66407)

CIS 96-897 Methyl-t-butylether: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1994. 75p. 34 ref., ISBN 90-5549-062-8 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the effects of exposure to methyl-t-butylether (MTBE). Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity, irritation and sensitization); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk. The assessment of health risk of occupational exposure to MTBE is difficult because of the limited human data available and the lack of long-term animal exposure studies. Three organ systems are found to be a target in exposure by inhalation: the upper respiratory tract, the central nervous system and the liver. Based on the data available the Committee recommends a health-based occupational exposure limit for MTBE of 180mg/m³ (50ppm), to be averaged over an 8-hour working day (8h TWA). Also, a short term exposure limit of 360mg/m³ (100ppm), 15min TWA is recommended. Summary in Dutch. (66408)

CIS 96-898 Methyl chloride: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1995. 70p. 3 ref., ISBN 90-5549-082-2 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the effects of exposure to methyl chloride (chloromethane). The committee has worked closely with the Nordic Expert Group, a body which advises the governments of the Scandinavian countries. The joint report of the health implications of exposure to methyl chloride published in Sweden in 1992 is included in its entirety in Part 2 of this document (Arbete och hälsa 1992:27, see also CIS 93-2003). In part 1, various other data are discussed; based on the data available a health-based occupational exposure limit is recommended of 52mg/m³ (25ppm), averaged over an eight-hour working day (8h TWA). Summary in Dutch. (66409)

CIS 96-899 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden), Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1994. 91p. 88 ref., ISBN 90-5549-065-2 (In English)

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In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the effects of exposure to 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TriCP) and presents a risk estimate of the chance of cancer on exposure to the substance. Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards; toxicokinetics; effects in animals and man (acute toxicity, long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproduction toxicity); previous evaluations by (inter)national bodies; evaluation of human health risk. The committee uses linear extrapolation to calculate the additional risk of tumour development. It takes as starting point a study in which rats were exposed orally to 1,2,3-TriCP. Based on the tumour incidence in the lowest dose group and using linear extrapolation, a life-long risk for exposure at work was estimated. An additional incidence of tumours can be expected: 0.00004 at a 1,2,3-TriCP concentration of 1.08µg/m³ (0.18ppb), and 0.004 at a 1,2,3-TriCP concentration of 108µg/m³ (17.7ppb). The committee recommends a skin notation. Summary in Dutch. (66410)

CIS 96-900 Proposals for amendments to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 and the Approved Code of Practice: Control of substances hazardous to health (General ACOP). Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1996. 117p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This consultative document sets out proposals by the Health and Safety Commission for amendments to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1994 (see CIS 95-19) and to the supporting Approved Code of Practice. The main proposals relate to 18 new and revised maximum exposure limits (MELs). A cost benefit assessment methodology for these proposals is presented along with toxicity data and proposed MELs for each substance. Other proposals relate to presentational changes, updating cross-references to COSHH in other regulations, and consequential amendments to the General ACoP. Comments on the proposals are invited. (66450)

CIS 96-901 Existing chemicals of environmental relevance III - Priority setting and classified existing chemicals of the third priority list. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. 119p. Price: DEM 72.00., ISBN 3-7776-0689-8 (In English)

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This document, translation of a report finalized in June 1992, describes the German Chemical Society's procedure for the classification and priority setting of existing chemicals requiring toxicity evaluation and presents summary toxicity data for some 130 substances in the third priority list. The substances are arranged in four chemical groups: sulfonic acid compounds, phosphoric acid esters, acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters (acrylates), and methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters (methacrylates). Data relate to acute toxicity, irritation, sensitization, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. (66461)

CIS 96-902 Monochloroacetic acid, sodium monochloroacetate. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xiii, 125p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 72.00., ISBN 3-7776-0705-3 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in August 1993: monochloroacetic acid causes irritation, burning (with blister formation) and corrosion on contact with human skin; similar damage is to be expected on contact with the eyes. The substance is rapidly absorbed through the skin and, if a sufficiently large area of the skin is contaminated, can lead to breathing difficulties, convulsions, vomiting, shock and death. (66462)

CIS 96-903 Supplementary reports II - m-Dichlorobenzene; Bromomethane; 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene; N,N-Diethylaniline; Styrene; Biphenyl; o/m-Chloroaniline; Nitrobenzene. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xxiv, 157p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-7776-0706-1 (In English)

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This document comprises translations of supplementary reports, finalized between June 1993 and April 1994, relating to eight substances evaluated in earlier BUA reports. The new data relate mainly to the results of animal studies carried out following recommendations in the original reports. No human effects are reported. (66463)

CIS 96-904 The assessment of respiratory and dermal exposure to pesticides: A review of current practice. Findlay A., National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Oct. 1995. xiii, 67p. Illus. 126 ref., ISBN 0-642-23521-X (In English)

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This literature survey reviews current pesticide application technology and methods for the assessment of respiratory and dermal exposures. Contents: properties and behaviour of airborne particulates; particulates generated by different methods of pesticide application; particulates generated during harvesting; factors likely to increase the inhalation hazard; sampling of airborne particulate matter; assessment of dermal exposure to pesticides; the process of skin absorption; assessing dermal exposure. (66480)

CIS 96-905 Dichloromethane. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiv, 82p. 334 ref., ISBN 3-527-28559-8 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in November 1986: the main effects of acute exposure to dichloromethane in humans are central nervous system depression and an increase in the carboxyhaemoglobin level in the blood; these affects are reversible. Chronic exposure also causes central nervous system depression. Carcinogenic effects have been observed in experimental animals, but there is no indication of carcinogenicity in humans. (66521)

CIS 96-906 Chloromethane. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiv, 55p. 177 ref., ISBN 3-527-28558-X (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in November 1986: chloromethane causes depression of the central nervous system; in higher concentrations it can also affect the liver, kidneys, heart and the haemopoietic system. Numerous cases of poisoning due to chloromethane have been described. A small cohort study among chloromethane-exposed workers at a rubber factory gave no indication of an increased tumour rate. (66522)

CIS 96-907 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany 1993. xii, 90p. 200 ref., ISBN 3-527-28557-1 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in December 1987: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene has a low acute toxicity. Very little data is available on the effects of the substance in humans. Mild irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract has been reported. (66523)

CIS 96-908 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (3,3'-dichloro-biphenyl-4,4'-diyldiamine). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiii, 79p. 179 ref., ISBN 3-527-28590-3 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in March 1989: dermal absorption is the principal route of uptake of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine; occupational exposure has been monitored by determination of the substance in urine. Most frequent health effects include gastrointestinal problems, infections of the upper respiratory tract, caustic burns and allergic dermatitis. While genotoxic and carcinogenic effects have been observed in animals, epidemiological studies have so far provided no firm evidence of a carcinogenic effect in humans; the substance is classified as one which may cause cancer. (66524)

CIS 96-909 Benzenedicarbonitriles. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xii, 38p. 44 ref., ISBN 3-527-28606-3 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in December 1988: the main effects of phthalodinitrile (o-PDN) are on the central nervous system. The isomers isophthalodinitrile (m-PDN) and terephthalodinitrile (p-PDN) appear to be less toxic than o-PDN. Cases of acute human intoxication have been reported following dust inhalation and skin absorption; symptoms may be delayed for up to 48 hours after exposure. Reported effects include skin and mucous membrane irritation, nausea, unconsciousness and epileptoid convulsions. (66525)

CIS 96-910 Triethyl phosphate (phosphoric acid triethyl ester). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xii, 60p. 106 ref., ISBN 3-527-28555-5 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in March 1989: no data are available on the effects of triethyl phosphate in humans. Animal studies indicate that the substance has a low acute toxicity; at high doses it affects mainly the central nervous system. The substance may cause eye irritation. (66526)

CIS 96-911 N,N-Diethylaniline (N,N-diethylaminobenzene). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xi, 40p. 56 ref., ISBN 3-527-28556-3 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1989: no data are available on the effects of N,N-diethylaniline in humans. Animal studies indicate that it is a strong methaemoglobin-forming agent, with cyanosis being the predominant symptom of acute poisoning. It is a slight skin irritant. (66527)

CIS 96-912 Nitrotoluenes (methylnitrobenzenes). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xv, 104p. 146 ref., ISBN 3-527-28591-1 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in April 1989: no reliable data are available on the effects of nitrotoluenes in humans; there are some reports of poisoning among workers exposed to mixtures of nitrotoluenes and other substances. Animal studies indicate that nitrotoluenes have a low level of acute toxicity; main effects are methaemoglobin formation and central nervous system depression. No reliable data are available on mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. (66528)

CIS 96-913 Styrene (ethenylbenzene). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xvii, 161p. 288 ref., ISBN 3-527-28608-x (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in March 1980: the main effects of styrene reported in humans are irritation of the mucous membranes and disorders of the central nervous system. Styrene is metabolized to styrene-7,8-oxide, which has proved to be mutagenic and carcinogenic both in vitro and in animal experiments. Studies of industrial workers exposed to mixtures including styrene have revealed an increased incidence of leukaemia and lymphomas. (66529)

CIS 96-914 Cancer and workplace chemicals. Duffus J.H., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd, P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1995. v, 75p. 69 ref. Index. Price: GBP 18.00., ISBN 0-948237-26-0 (In English)

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This handbook reviews current thinking relating to the role of workplace chemicals in causing cancer and the regulation and control of known carcinogens. Contents: list of established human carcinogens and their target organs; list of industrial processes classified as carcinogenic in humans; carcinogenesis; identification and classification of carcinogens; assessment of carcinogenic potency. In annexes: United Kingdom and European legislation; list of substances which may be carcinogenic in humans. Glossary. (66663)

CIS 96-915 Surface and dermal monitoring for toxic exposures. Ness S.A., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA, 1994. x, 561p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 52.50., ISBN 0-442-01465-1 (In English)

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This manual is in three parts. Part I - chemical hazards: identifying chemicals as hazards; factors affecting chemical permeation; chemical protective clothing. Part II - developing strategies for sampling: assessment of workplace exposures and community exposures. Part III - surface monitoring: surface sampling for chemicals, microorganisms and low level radiation; decontamination. Part IV - dermal sampling techniques: skin sampling; pad dosimetry methods; clothing for dosimetry and protection. In appendices: monitoring of amines, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, tetrachlorodibenzodioxins and pesticides. (66674)

CIS 96-916 Review of exposure to carcinogenic substances at the workplace. (German: Zur Expositionssituation krebserzeugender Gefahrstoffe am Arbeitsplatz) Bock W., Breuer D., Hahn J.U., Kleine H., Pfeiffer W., Pflaumbaum W., Stückrath M., Blome H., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Alte Heerstasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1996. 68p. Illus. 14 ref., ISBN 3-88383-397-5 (In German)

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Exposure concentrations were determined for 16 carcinogenic substances in 3,576 industrial enterprises in Germany between 1989-1992. On this basis three groups of substances could be established with respect to exposure levels: 1 - no measurement exceeded the exposure limit (1,3-butadiene, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, acrylonitrile and chloroethylene); 2 - 90% of the measurements were below the exposure limit (arsenic compounds, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, chromium VI compounds, diantimony trioxide, nickel and its compounds); 3 - 50% of the measurements were below the limit (all other substances analyzed). There has been a significant reduction in exposure levels since the period 1981-84. Detailed summary in German, English, French and Spanish. (66687)

CIS 96-917 Acid anhydrides - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Ridgway P., Morris L., Ogunbiyi A.O., Brown R.H., Cocker J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 73p. 160 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1059-4 (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: phthalic, trimellitic and maleic anhydride are all irritating to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Phthalic anhydride may cause skin sensitization, asthma and rhinitis in some exposed individuals. Clinical syndromes associated with exposure to trimellitic anhydride dust or fume include asthma and rhinitis, late onset respiratory system syndrome, and a pulmonary disease/anaemia syndrome; late asthma and late arthralgia-myalgia may also occur. Maleic anhydride may cause asthma. Proposed maximum exposure limits: phthalic anhydride 4mg.m^-3 (8h TWA), 12mg.m^-3 (15min reference period); trimellitic anhydride 0.04mg.m^-3 (8h TWA), 0.12mg.m^-3 (15min reference period); maleic anhydride 1mg.m^-3 (8h TWA), 3mg.m^-3 (15min reference period). (66783)

CIS 96-918 Antimony and antimony compounds - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Ball E., Smith A., Northage C., Smith M.M., Bradley S.D., Gillies C., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 63p. 81 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1054-3 (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: antimony (III) oxide is known to cause skin lesions in exposed workers; cases of skin sensitization have been reported. On the basis of animal studies and physico-chemical characteristics, it is expected that the chlorides will be corrosive on contact with the skin or eyes. Investigations among antimony-exposed workers are inadequate, although several studies have reported respiratory tract inflammation and pneumoconiosis. Other effects include conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Antimony metal and antimony compounds are known to be carcinogenic in experimental animals. Proposed maximum exposure limit: 0.5mg.m^-3 (8h TWA). (66784)

CIS 96-919 Azodicarbonamide - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Ball E.M., Saleem A., Oogunbiyi A.O., Wiley K., Groves J.A., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 34p. 41 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1092-6 (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: the health effects of azodicarbonamide in humans have not been fully evaluated. The most frequently reported effects of repeated exposure are respiratory symptoms. There is evidence that the compound can cause both respiratory and skin sensitization in humans. There are no reports of other systemic effects. Proposed maximum exposure limit: 1.0mg.m^-3 (8h TWA); 3.0mg.m^-3 (15min reference period). Notation: sensitizer. (66785)

CIS 96-920 Hydrazine - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Brooke I., Cain J., Topping M., Groves J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 57p. 139 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1099-3 (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: exposure to hydrazine, even for short periods, can have local irritant and severe systemic effects. Inhalation of the vapour affects the nervous system; drinking small amounts of hydrazine solution rapidly damages the nervous system, liver and kidneys. The substance causes irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and is a skin sensitizer. Little information is available on the effects of repeated exposure. The carcinogenic potential has not been adequately investigated. Proposed maximum exposure limit: 0.02ppm (8h TWA). Notation: skin. (66786)

CIS 96-921 Platinum metal and soluble platinum salts - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Meldrum M., Northage C., Howe A., Gillies C., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 41p. 89 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1055-1 (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: no data are available on the potential human health effects arising from exposure to platinum metal. There is clear evidence that exposure to platinum chloride salts leads to skin and respiratory sensitization. Symptoms include scaly erythematous dermatitis on the hands, face and neck, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and cyanosis; some individuals have shown extreme sensitivity. Proposed maximum exposure limit: 0.002mg.m^-3 (8h TWA). (66787)

CIS 96-922 Propylene oxide - Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. James D., Cain J., White J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 38p. 83 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1056-X (In English)

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Main conclusions of this criteria document: there is evidence that propylene oxide can produce severe eye irritation and skin sensitization in humans. No other conclusions can be drawn regarding toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. Proposed maximum exposure limit: 5ppm (8h TWA). (66788)

CIS 96-923 NIOSH Alert - Request for assistance in preventing asthma and death from diisocyanate exposure. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Mar. 1996. 13p. 33 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet describes the health effects of diisocyanates (irritation, sensitization and asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cancer) and current exposure limits. Seven case reports of disease and death following occupational exposure to diisocyanates are presented. Recommendations to reduce worker exposure include product substitution, closed systems and ventilation, worker isolation, protective clothing and equipment, respiratory protection, worker and employer education, and exposure monitoring. (66810)

CIS 96-924 Simple toxicological laboratory methods in cases of acute poisoning. (German: Einfache toxikologische Laboratoriumsuntersuchungen bei akuten Vergiftung) Gibitz H.J., Schütz H., DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, eds., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 1995. xxviii, 553p. Illus. approx. 500 ref. Index. Price: DEM 172.00., ISBN 3-527-27562-2 (In German)

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Simple, rapid methods for identifying the substance and amount involved in cases of acute poisoning are described. Methods which determine the effects of poisons, for example on the activity of the enzyme cholinesterase, are included. Most substances implicated in accidental or suicidal poisonings, such as antihistamines, analgesics, tranquillizers, stimulants, salicylates, hydrocyanic acid, iron, thallium and ethanol, are covered. (66907)

CIS 96-925 IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Printing processes and printing