CIS 96-1921 Design of personal protective equipment [Sweden]. (Swedish: Utförande av personlig skyddsutrustning) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1993. 35p., ISBN 91-7930-185-1 (In Swedish)

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This ordinance was adopted on 28 Oct. 1993. It covers: scope and definitions; basic provisions; technical documentation; type approval; manufacturers responsibilities for quality control; EEC marks; special rules. In annex: general requirements for personal protective equipment (PPE) (design principles, equipment should be risk free, comfort and effectiveness, information to be provided by the manufacturer); additional requirements of specific types of PPE; special requirements for specific hazards (mechanical hazards, overuse, scrapes, prick injuries, cuts, drowning, noise, heat, fire, cold, electricity, radiation, dangerous substances, diving); technical documentation from manufacturers; type approval; control by the manufacturer; standard form for the manufacturers declaration of conformity; advice for the implementation of the ordinance. After the ordinance comes into effect, a number of provisions of older circulars and all of ordinance AFS 1987:10 (CIS 88-41) are abrogated. (67871)

CIS 96-1922 Design of personal protective equipment [Sweden]. (Swedish: Utförande av personlig skyddsutrustning) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 6p., ISBN 91-7930-285-8 (In Swedish)

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This amendment of ordinance AFS 1993:11 (CIS 96-1921) came into force on 1 January 1995. It covers: EEC marking; information to be provided by the manufacturer. (67872)

CIS 96-1923 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 - General Administrative Regulations [South Africa]. Department of Labour, Government Gazette - Staatskoerant, 6 Sep. 1996, Vol.375, No.17403 (Regulation Gazette No.5763), p.1-5. (In English)

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These Regulations were made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (CIS 94-1451). Contents: definitions of construction work and provincial director; role of health and safety committees; arbitration procedures; reporting of incidents and occupational diseases; handling of hazardous chemical substances (provision of material safety data sheets); recording and investigation of incidents; witnesses at inquiries; removal of intoxicated persons from premises; prohibition of admittance of persons at risk to workplaces; notices of carrying out construction work. (68055)

CIS 96-1924 Decree No.96-725 of 14.8.1996 on the technical rules and the homologation procedures for work equipment and the means of protection subject to Art. L233-5 of the Labour Code, modifying the Labour Code (Part 2: Decrees by the Council of State) and transposing various European directives [France]. (French: Décret n° 96-725 du 14.8.96 sur les règles techniques et procédures de certification de conformité applicables aux équipements de travail et moyens de protection soumis à l'art. L. 233-5 du code du travail, ... et portant transposition de diverses directives européennes [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 18 Aug. 1996, 128th Year, No.192, p.12476-12481. (In French)

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This Decree concerning work equipment and means of protection was issued to make French legislation conform to some of the provisions of European Directives 93/44/EEC (CIS 93-1435) [modifying 89/392/EEC (CIS 89-1442)] and 93/68/EEC (CIS 94-751) and 93/95/EEC (CIS 94-778) [both modifying various Directives, including 89/686/EEC (CIS 90-381)]. The following parts of the Labour Code are modified by the Decree: Chapter III, Title III of Book II; Annex I defining technical rules foreseen by Article R 233-84; Annex II defining the technical rules foreseen by Article R 233-151; measures concerning transitory periods applying to lifting equipment and safety components. (68094)

CIS 96-1925 Order[s] of 26 Feb. 1996 by the Minister of Social Affairs establishing the notification forms for processes potentially leading to occupational diseases in the public sector, and for occupational accidents and diseases in the public sector [Tunisia]. (French: Arrêté[s] du ministre des affaires sociales du 26 févr. 1996, fixant la formule des déclarations de procédés pouvant provoquer des maladies professionnelles dans le secteur public..., des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles dans le secteur public [Tunisie]) Journal officiel de la République tunisienne, 5 Mar. 1996, 139th Year, No.19, p.416-422. (In French)

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Two orders setting up the specifications for notification forms to be used for (a) manufacturing processes and chemical substances liable to give rise to occupational diseases; (b) occupational accidents (accident agent, accident type, site and nature of lesion); and (c) occupational diseases. (68099)

CIS 96-1926 List of substances, products, industrial processes, domestic and natural factors that are carcinogenic for humans [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Perečen' veščstv, produktov, proizvodstvennyh processov, bytovyh i prirodnyh faktorov, kancerogennyh dlja čeloveka) State Committee for Health and Epidemiological Inspection, Russian Federation, 8 June 1995. [3], 10p. (In Russian)

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This official publication (Ordinance No.7 of 8 June 1995) replaces list No.6054-91 established by the former Ministry of Health of the USSR in 1991. It names 23 substances, 11 processes, 16 drugs and 5 domestic or natural factors as demonstrably carcinogenic, and 29 substances and 12 drugs as probably carcinogenic in humans. It also specifies prophylactic measures to prevent exposure to these agents. In annexes: rules for evaluating agents and including them in the list; a table naming the compounds and products from the main list which have official occupational exposure limits (PDKs) in the Russian Federation. The introduction states that the findings of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the provisions of ILO Convention 139 and Recommendation 147 were taken into account in the drafting of the document. (68090)

CIS 96-1927 Regulation for the construction industry [Argentina]. (Spanish: Reglamento para la industria de la construcción [Argentina]) Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina, 14 Aug. 1996, Year 104, No.28,457, p.2-16. (In Spanish)

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This Regulation replaces the 1991 health and safety standards relating to construction (see CIS 93-1413). Contents: persons covered by the Regulation; responsibilities of employers; responsibilities and rights of workers; OSH services and benefits; technical documentation; site OSH and welfare infrastructure; general safety standards; health and environment standards; safety standards at different stages of construction work; safety standards affecting installations and equipment (including, among others, list of permitted and prohibited combinations for the storage of compressed gases). (68100)

CIS 96-1928 Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 [South Africa]. Government Gazette - Staatskoerant, 14 June 1996, Vol.372, No.17242, p.1-112 (whole issue). (In English)

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This Act was assented to on 14 June 1996, and comes into operation on a date fixed by proclamation by the President. It covers: health and safety at mines (owner's responsibility; appointment of manager, whose responsibilities include the maintenance of a healthy and safe environment, the ensuring of the supply of health and safety equipment, the staffing of mines with due regard to OHS and the establishment of OHS policy; codes of practice; manager's responsibilities for training, risk assessment and response, conduct of occupational hygiene measurements and the establishment of a system of medical surveillance; safety and medical records; exit certificates; employers' rights to information and to the disputing of expertise; manufacturer's, supplier's and employee's duties for OSH; employee's right to leave dangerous workplaces); health and safety representatives and committees; tripartite institutions (Mine Health and Safety Council, Mining Qualifications Authority); inspection of mines (establishment of Inspectorate, appointment of Chief Inspector, inspection procedures and records); powers of the Minister; legal proceedings and offences; general provisions (including definition of terms). The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (CIS 94-1451) is not applicable to any matter in respect of which any provision of this Act is applicable. (68048)

CIS 96-1929 Regulations under the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act 1986 [Australia - South Australia]. South Australian Government Gazette, 22 Aug. 1996, No.101, p.761-792. (In English)

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These Regulations (effective: 1 Sep. 1996) were made under the 1986 Act (see CIS 90-1404), complementing the principal regulations of 1995. They contain safety regulations for petroleum work and mining operations. For petroleum work, they require the use of blowout prevention equipment, regulate the sue of well drilling fluids and prohibit certain kinds of night operation. For mining operations, they provide regulations concerning the use of diesel engines, lifting equipment, shafts, electricity, ventilation and explosives. (68049)

CIS 96-1930 Order of 25 Sep. 1996 establishing special health and safety committees in penitentiary institutions [France]. (French: Arrêté du 25 sept. 1996 portant création de comités d'hygiène et de sécurité spéciaux dans les établissements pénitentiaires [France]) Journal officiel de la République française, 24 Oct. 1996, 128th Year, No.249, p.15546. (In French)

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Order establishing special OSH committees in seven French penitentiaries (detention centres etc.). (68054)

CIS 96-1931 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 [New Zealand]. Government Printer, P.O.Box 12,411, Wellington, New Zealand, 1996. 252p. (In English)

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http://www.legislation.govt.nz/browse_vw.asp?content-set=pal_statutes

This Act (dated 10.6.1996, commencement: at a later date) aims at the protection of the environment, people and communities by controlling the adverse effects of hazardous substances and new organisms. Contents: definitions; administrative aspects, including the establishment of the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA); assessment of hazardous substances and new organisms (these include both species not present in New Zealand and genetically modified organisms); controls (Hazard Classification System, test certification, transferable permits); inspection and enforcement; emergencies; transitional provisions (expiry: 1.1.2000; they concern general matters, pesticides, toxic substances, dangerous goods, explosives, new organisms). In annex: provisions relating to ERMA; list of prohibited new organisms (plants and animals; among the latter, e.g. all snakes); containment control measures for development and field testing of genetically modified organisms; lists of substances relevant to transitional provisions (controlled pesticides, toxic substances, dangerous goods, explosives). A number of Acts and other legal instruments are repealed, among which: the Explosives Act 1957 (CIS 88-30), the Dangerous Goods Act 1974 (CIS 94-765), various Regulations under this Act (CIS 94-773), the Toxic Substances Act 1979 (CIS 90-708) and the Pesticides Act 1979 (CIS 89-1080). (68060)

CIS 96-1932 Synthetic inorganic fibres [Sweden]. (Swedish: Syntetiska oorganiska fibrer) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 22p. 5 ref., ISBN 91-7930-119-3 (In Swedish)

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This ordinance came into force on 1 January 1991 and supersedes AFS 1982:4 (CIS 82-1274) of the same title. It applies to work with materials containing more than 5% synthetic inorganic fibres. It covers: definitions; general provisions; marking; equipment and premises; insulation and demolition work; cleaning; personal protective equipment; monitoring of air contamination; commentaries. (67876)

CIS 96-1933 Pesticides [Sweden]. (Swedish: Bekämpningsmedel) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 11p., ISBN 91-7930-143-6 (In Swedish)

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This amendment came into force on 1 April 1992 and supersedes ordinance 1986:20 (CIS 87-36) on antifouling paint. It covers: antifouling products; general information on pesticides; greenhouse spraying; seed disinfection, treatment of coniferous trees; planting of coniferous trees; commentaries. (67879)

CIS 96-1934 Decree-Law of 22 Apr. 1995 transposing into internal legislation European Community Directives concerning the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei ... transpõe para a ordem jurídica interna as Directivas ... que alteram e adaptam ao progresso técnico a Directiva ... relativa à aproximação das disposições legislativas ... respeitantes à classificação, embalagem e rotulagem das substâncias perigosas) Diário da República, 22 Apr. 1995, No.95, I Série-A, p.2318-2320. (In Portuguese)

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This Decree transposes into Portuguese legislation the provisions of Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 92-23), together with its various modifications through 1993. It covers all dangerous chemicals with the following exceptions: foodstuffs, animal feed, medicinal drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, radioactive substances, waste, other substances when subject to transportation, when in transit or under customs control. In addition, packaging and labelling rules do not apply to munitions, explosives and (until 30.4.1997) liquefied petroleum gases. Contents of the Decree: sale of substances; issuing of an appropriate regulation (Portaria) by the joint action of the Ministries of Health, Industry and Energy, Trade and Tourism and the Environment and Natural Resources; competent authorities; obligations to supply information; obligation to provide warning in advertising for substances belonging to certain hazard categories. Decree-Laws 280-A/87 (CIS 95-15), 46-A/89 (CIS 94-764), 124/88 (CIS 90-1770) and 247/90 are abrogated on the date the regulation comes into effect. (68052)

CIS 96-1935 Decree-Law of 9 Feb. 1990 on the limitation of use of certain dangerous substances and preparations [Portugal]. (Portuguese: Decreto-Lei...[que] tem por objectivo limitar o uso, nos produtos ou artigos definidos no artigo subsequente, das ... substâncias ou preparações perigosas) Diário da República, 9 Feb. 1990, No.34, I Série, p.550-551. (In Portuguese)

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This Decree (effective 10 May 1990) prohibits the manufacturing and sale of certain dangerous chemicals for specific kinds of use. These are: liquid substances or products considered as dangerous, for use in decorative light-producing or colouring agents; vinyl chloride in aerosols; tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, triaziridinylphosphine oxide and polybrominated biphenyls in textiles that might be in contact with skin; benzene exceeding 5mg/kg in toys and their accessories; the following entertainment products (in quantities > 1.5mL) normally used during the carnival season: Panama powder (Quillaja saponaria); rice powder (Helleborus viridis, H. niger, Veratrum album, V. nigrum); benzidine; o-nitrobenzene aldehyde; wood dust; ammonium sulfides; methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl bromoacetates. (68053)

CIS 96-1936 Official Standard. Establishes the health protection requirements for the processing and use of asbestos [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana. Que establece los requisitos sanitarios para el proceso y uso de amianto [México]) Secretaría de Salud, Diario Oficial de la Federación, 8 Oct. 1996, Vol.517, No.6, p.28-34. 20 ref. (In Spanish)

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Effective date of this standard: 6 Jan. 1997. Contents: aims and scope; references to relevant standards already in force; definitions and abbreviations; specifications for preventive action; determination of methods for sanitary control; criteria for the health surveillance of workers occupationally exposed to asbestos; procedures for the evaluation of health hazards. Background information: 95% of asbestos used in Mexico is chrysotile. (68056)

CIS 96-1937 Official Standard. Establishes Maximum Permissible Biological Exposure Limits for organic solvents in occupationally exposed personnel [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana. Que establece los limites biológicos máximos permisibles de disolventes orgánicos en el personal ocupacional expuesto [México]) Secretaría de Salud, Diario Oficial de la Federación, 23 Sep. 1996, Vol.516, No.15, p.101-106. 16 ref. (In Spanish)

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Effective date of this standard: 22 Mar. 1997. Contents: aim of the standard; scope (all establishments in Mexico where solvents "of the type benzene, toluene and xylene" are handled); references to relevant standards already in force; definitions; abbreviations and symbols; procedures for the evaluation of health hazards; biological exposure limits (benzene - total phenols in end-of-shift urine: 50mg/g creatinine; toluene - hippuric acid in end-of-shift urine: 2.5g/g creatinine, toluene in end-of-shift venous blood: 1mg/L; xylene - methylhippuric acid in end-of-shift urine: 1.5g/g creatinine); criteria for the monitoring of workers' health. The values in this standard agree with those in the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposures Indices of the ACGIH in the US (latest in CISDOC: CIS 95-1956). (68057)

CIS 96-1938 Annexes A and B to Council Directive 94/55/EC of 21 Nov. 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road [European Communities]. (French: Annexes A et B de la Directive 94/55/CE du Conseil, du 21 nov. 1994, relative au rapprochement des législations des Etats membres concernant le transport des marchandises dangereuses par route [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 28 Oct. 1996, Vol.39, No.L 275, p.1-711. Price: ECU 105.00. (In English, French)

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Annexes to the 1994 EC Directive on the transport of dangerous goods by road (see CIS 95-22). It contains: definitions; general provisions; list of substances and special provisions for the various classes (explosive substances and articles; gases; flammable liquids; flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, when in contact with water, emit flammable gases; oxidizing substances; organic peroxides; toxic substances; infectious substances; radioactive material; corrosive substances; miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles). Appendices relating to: stability and safety conditions; testing; list of substances described under their chemical names or under collective headings which are given a specific "substances identification number"; various other matters. (68097)

CIS 96-1939 Order No.157 of 3 Oct. 1995 implementing government policy on a safety reporting policy for industrial installations [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Prikaz 03 oktjabra 1995 g. v celjax vypolnenija postanovlenija Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii "O deklaracii bezopasnosti promyšlennogo ob"jekta Rossiiskoj Federacii" i Plana vnedrenija deklarirovanija) Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1995, No.10, p.39-44. (In Russian)

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Practical instructions for carrying out the provisions of the ordinance confirmed by Order No.675 of 1 July 1995 (see CIS 96-1940). Annexes include the form to be used for listing major hazard installations, a plan for the implementation of the safety certification system showing the steps, target dates and responsible organizations, and a temporary list of substances and classes of substances with the quantities that cause an installation to be considered to present a major hazard. (68084)

CIS 96-1940 Order of 1 July 1995, No.675, on the declaration of safety of an industrial installation of the Russian Federation; Ordinance on the declaration of safety of an industrial installation [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii "O deklaracii bezopasnosti promyšlennogo ob"ekta Rossijskoj Federacii" ot 1 ijulija 1995 g. No.675; Položenie of deklaracii bezopasnosti promyšlennogo ob"ekta Rossijskoj Federacii) Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1995, No.10, p.6-7, 13-14. (In Russian)

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Industrial installations in which the processes that are carried out can cause major accidents must submit safety reports that include: descriptions of the installations and processes; a hazard analysis; descriptions of safety measures, monitoring systems, emergency response systems and the material and financial resources needed to deal with an emergency situation; a plan for notifying the local population and civil defense authorities in the event of an emergency. Copies must be filed with the Ministry of Civil Defense, the Federal Mine and Industrial Inspectorate (Gosgortehnadzor) and the local government at the location of a given installation. The reports must be updated at least once every five years. (68088)

CIS 96-1941 Act No.170-FZ of 21 Nov. 1995 on the use of nuclear energy [Russian Federation]. (Russian: Federal'nyj zakon ob ispol'zovanii atomnoj ėnergii) Sobranie Zakonodatel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii, 27 Nov. 1995, No.48, p.8458-8491. (In Russian)

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This Act (effective: 27 Nov. 1995) provides for the regulation of the use of nuclear energy, as it relates to the protection of workers and the environment, and to the strengthening of international cooperation in the matter. (68096)

CIS 96-1942 Lighting [Sweden]. (Swedish: Belysning) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 14p., ISBN 91-7930-142-8 (In Swedish)

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The ordinance came into force on 1 July 1992. It covers: scope; basic provisions; light sources and workplace planning; investigation and evaluation of lighting; advice for the implementation of the ordinance. (67878)

CIS 96-1943 Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation [Euratom]. (French: Directive 96/29/EURATOM du Conseil du 13 mai 1996 fixant les normes de base relatives à la protection sanitaire de la population et des travailleurs contre les dangers résultant des rayonnements ionisants [Euratom]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 29 June 1996, Vol.39, No.L 159, p.1-114. Illus. (In English, French)

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Contents of this directive (to be implemented by Member States (MS) by 13.5.2000): definitions; scope (excludes exposure to radon in buildings or to natural levels of radiation); reporting and authorization of practices; justification, optimization and dose limitation for practices; dose limitation (min. age limit in gen.: 18yrs; limits for effective dose: 100mSv over 5yrs, maximum 50mSv in any single year; limits for equivalent dose: 150mSv/yr for the lens of the eye, 500mSv/yr/cm² for the skin, 500mSv/yr for limb extremities); special protection during pregnancy and breastfeeding; dose limits for young persons; specially authorized exposures; dose limits for members of the public; exposure of the population as a whole; estimation of effective dose; fundamental principles governing operational protection of exposed persons at work (measures for the restriction of exposure, exposure assessment, medical surveillance, tasks of MS, operational protection of apprentices and students); significant increases in natural radiation exposure; radiation protection for the population in general; interventions. Annexes. (68059)

CIS 96-1944 Ladders and trestles [Sweden]. (Swedish: Stegar och arbetsbockar) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 5p., ISBN 91-7930-116-9 (In Swedish)

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This amendment of ordinance AFS 1985:15 (CIS 86-1229) came into force on 22 August 1990. It lays down the rules for type approval and marking of ladders and trestles. (67873)

CIS 96-1945 Power chain saws [Sweden]. (Swedish: Motorkedjesågar) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 25p. Illus., ISBN 91-7930-117-7 (In Swedish)

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This ordinance came into force on 1 January 1991 and supersedes a number of older regulations. It covers: scope; type approval; delivery; work with power chain saws; control and supervision; special rules for tree felling and handling of trees uprooted by storms; personal protective equipment; power saw rooms and stores for fuel. In annex: type approval, advice for the implementation of the ordinance. (67874)

CIS 96-1946 Hand-held circular saws for woodworking [Sweden]. (Swedish: Handcirkelsågar för trä) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 3p., ISBN 91-7930-118-5 (In Swedish)

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This amendment of ordinance AFS 1986:30 (CIS 87-54 and CIS 89-1101) came into force on 1 July 1990. It covers testing on the guideplate. (67875)

CIS 96-1947 Combine harvesters [Sweden]. (Swedish: Skördetröskor) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 12p., ISBN 91-7930-120-7 (In Swedish)

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This ordinance came into force on 1 January 1991 and supersedes the Board's Directions Nos. 85 and 120. It applies to self-propelled, towed and tractor-borne machines. It covers: design and equipment; work with combine harvesters. The ordinance is an extension and specification of AFS 1985:6 (CIS 86-1434) on tractors and self-propelled working machines. (67877)

CIS 96-1948 Inspection to detect rot in utility poles [Sweden]. (Swedish: Rötskadebesiktning av ledningsstolpar) Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, Box 1300, 171 25 Solna, Sweden, 1992. 11p. 5 ref., ISBN 91-7930-147-9 (In Swedish)

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This ordinance supersedes ordinance AFS 1979:3 (CIS 80-234) of the same title and applies to utility poles which workers have to climb. It covers: definitions; inspection for rot; marking of dangerous poles and measures after inspection; employers' information to workers; preventive measures; advice for the implementation of the ordinance. (67880)

CIS 96-1949 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 - Vessels Under Pressure Regulations [South Africa]. Department of Labour, Government Gazette - Staatskoerant, 4 Oct. 1996, Vol.376, No.17468 (Regulation Gazette No.5775), p.1-11. (In English)

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These Regulations were made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (CIS 94-1451). They cover: definitions; scope of application (all users of vessels under pressure, except for certain vessels in use before 1992); design, construction and manufacture; manufacturer's data plate; registration of boilers; appurtenances; automatic controls and indicators; access; door interlocks; portable gas containers; hand-held fire extinguishers; gas fuel use, equipment and systems; inspections and testing; record keeping; maintenance; modification and repair; approved inspection authorities; penalties. (68058)

CIS 96-1950 Decision No.1/95 of 1995 on the necessary conditions and requirements for increasing safety in scaffold work [Kuwait]. (Arabic: Qarār raqm (1/95) li-sena 1995 bi-shurūt wa motatlibāt al-salāma al-wājib tawāfara-ha fi ⁽amāl al-saqālāt) Al-Kuwait al-Yawm, 23 July 1995, Vol.41, No.216, p.23. (In Arabic)

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Decision by the President of the Kuwait Safety Commission in pursuance of Law No.15 of 1972, Ordinance No.18 of 1978, Ordinance No.56 of 1980 and the Ordinance of 5 July 1980. Effective 23 Oct. 1995. It is addressed to officials with responsibility for safety in all scaffold work, and requires that scaffolding be used in any work carried out more than 2m above ground level. All construction enterprises must use metal scaffolding, but wooden scaffolds are permitted for work on private homes. Specifications adopted by the Safety Commission are cited. (68081)

CIS 96-1951 Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) (National Standards) Regulations (Amendment) [Australia]. Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1996. 78p. Notified in: Commonwealth of Australia Gazette on 28 June 1996., ISBN 0-644-44149-6 (In English)

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These Regulations (commenced on 1.6.1996) add Part 4 (Plant) to the provisions of the original 1994 Regulations (see CIS 96-393). The concept of plant, as defined here, includes any machinery, equipment or tool, and any component thereof. The following matters are covered (general duties are related to some or all of the following: hazard identification, risk assessment, elimination or control of risk, provision of information): duties of manufacturers, suppliers, erectors or installers of plant; duties of an employer regarding design, installation, commissioning, use, repair, storage and disposal of plant, and concerning training, information, instruction, supervision and record keeping; specific duties of an employer for control of risk (plant under pressure, plant with moving parts, powered mobile plant, plant with hot or cold parts, electrical plant (incl. plant exposed to electrical hazards), plant designed for lifting or movement, industrial robots and other remotely or automatically energized equipment, lasers and laser products, scaffolds, amusement rides); duties of an employee; licences to operate plants (applications, granting, renewal, conditions, notification of maintenance); registration requirements; special licences; miscellany. In annex: registration and notification requirements. (68095)

CIS 96-1952 Canada Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, amendment [Canada]. (French: Règlement canadien sur la sécurité et la santé au travail - Modification [Canada]) Canada Gazette - Gazette du Canada, 21 Aug. 1996, Part II, Vol.130, No.17, p.2616-2632. (In English, French)

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This amendment (dated 7 Aug. 1996) replaces Part XIV of the 1986 Regulations (see CIS 86-1483) by a new part XIV entitled Materials Handling. Contents: interpretation; design and construction of materials handling equipment; maintenance, use and operation; manual handling of materials; storage of materials. In annex: regulatory impact analysis statement (alternatives, costs and benefits, compliance and enforcement). This part does not apply to the use and operation of tackle in the loading and unloading of ships, and to the underground workings of mines. (68098)

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CIS 96-1953 Stannic oxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs causing benign pneumoconiosis (stannosis). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ as tin (ACGIH 1990-1991). (67971)

CIS 96-1954 Stannous chloride (anhydrous). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. May affect the central nervous system and the blood when ingested. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver when ingested. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ as tin (ACGIH 1990-1991). (67972)

CIS 96-1955 Stannous oxide. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the lungs, causing benign pneumoconiosis (stannosis). Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 2mg/m³ as tin (ACGIH 1990-1991). (67973)

CIS 96-1956 Sulfur monochloride. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; inhalation may cause lung oedema; corrosive effects on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; tear drawing. Long-term exposure effects: may cause dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: (ceiling) 5.5mg/m³, 1ppm (ACGIH 1990-1991). (67974)

CIS 96-1957 Tetryl. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the kidneys, liver and blood. Long-term exposure effects: may cause skin sensitization and asthma. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 1.5mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (67975)

CIS 96-1958 Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: irritates the skin. Long-term exposure effects: no data available. (67976)

CIS 96-1959 Acetylene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. When inhaled, acetylene can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and loss of consciousness; very high levels can cause suffocation and death from lack of oxygen. May be contaminated with arsine, phosphine and hydrogen sulfide. Highly flammable and reactive. (67977)

CIS 96-1960 Acrylamide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Can be absorbed by inhalation and through the skin. Should be handled as a carcinogen, with extreme caution. May affect the nervous system. Irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. (67978)

CIS 96-1961 Aluminum (dust and fume). New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May cause pulmonary fibrosis when inhaled. The dust may irritate the skin and eyes. Heating aluminium can release aluminium oxide and cause metal fume fever. Extremely reactive metal. The powder is flammable. (67979)

CIS 96-1962 Cadmium. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Cadmium is a carcinogen and a teratogen; it may cause reproductive damage. When inhaled, cadmium may irritate the lungs; may cause lung oedema. Repeated low exposure may affect the kidneys, cause anaemia and loss of smell. High exposure may cause nausea, salivation, vomiting, cramps and diarrhoea. May cause a flu-like illness. (67980)

CIS 96-1963 Chloroacetyl chloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Chloroacetyl chloride can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. Corrosive effects on the eyes and the skin. Irritates the respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema. (67981)

CIS 96-1964 Chlorobenzene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1992. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Chlorobenzene can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and loss of consciousness. May damage the lungs, liver and kidneys. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Flammable liquid. (67982)

CIS 96-1965 Chloroform. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Chloroform can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and a teratogen. May cause dizziness, lightheadedness and unconsciousness. May affect the heart, liver, kidneys and the nervous system. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May damage the eyes. (67983)

CIS 96-1966 Chloromethyl methyl ether. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Chloromethyl methyl ether can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a carcinogen. Irritates the lungs and the respiratory tract. May cause oedema and chronic bronchitis. Corrosive effects on the eyes and skin. It is flammable and reactive. (67984)

CIS 96-1967 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane can enter the body by inhalation. May cause lung oedema. It irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May damage the liver and the heart. It is reactive and explosive. (67985)

CIS 96-1968 3-Chlorophenol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. 3-Chlorophenol may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. It has corrosive effects on the eyes and the skin. May damage the kidneys, the liver and the central nervous system. (67986)

CIS 96-1969 2-Chlorophenol. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. 2-Chlorophenol may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. May damage the kidneys, liver and central nervous system. Burns the skin and eyes. (67987)

CIS 96-1970 Chromic acetate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause skin allergy. (67988)

CIS 96-1971 Chromium. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation. Chromium ore may cause skin and lung allergy. Chromium fume may cause metal fume fever. (67989)

CIS 96-1972 Chrysene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. May cause mutations. If skin contaminated with chrysene is exposed to sunlight, a rash or sunburn effect can occur. Chrysene occurs in coal tar products (coal, tar, pitch, asphalt etc.). (67990)

CIS 96-1973 Cumene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Cumene may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. May affect the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. It is flammable. (67991)

CIS 96-1974 Cyanogen. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. Irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause cyanide poisoning with headache, dizziness and coma. Cyanogen is flammable and reactive. (67992)

CIS 96-1975 Cyclohexane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation. Affects the central nervous system. Irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May damage the skin, liver and kidneys. It is flammable. (67993)

CIS 96-1976 Diborane. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation. Irritates the eyes and respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema. May affect the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. It is highly flammable and reactive. (67994)

CIS 96-1977 1,3-Dichloropropene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. May cause severe burns on the eyes with permanent damage. Irritates the respiratory tract. May affect the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. It is a flammable liquid. (67995)

CIS 96-1978 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: pyrocatechol. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a mutagen. It should be handled with extreme caution. May cause skin and eye burns, headaches, nausea, muscle twitching and convulsions. Skin allergy with rash may occur. May cause methaemoglobinaemia and damage to the kidneys and liver. (67996)

CIS 96-1979 Dimethylaniline. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May cause methaemoglobinaemia. Irritates the eyes and skin. May damage the kidneys and liver and affect the nervous system. (67997)

CIS 96-1980 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Contact with molten 2,4-dinitrotoluene may cause severe skin and eye irritation and burns. May cause methaemoglobinaemia. It is a highly reactive chemical and is an explosion hazard. (67998)

CIS 96-1981 Ethyl mercuric chloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: chloroethylmercury. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is an extremely toxic chemical that can cause permanent brain damage weeks after exposure with little or no warning during exposure. May cause mutations. Poisoning causes a "pins and needles" feeling, clumsiness and weakness, hearing loss, abnormal walking, tremors, personality changes and brain damage. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May damage the kidneys. (67999)

CIS 96-1982 N-(Ethylmercuric)-p-toluene sulfonanilide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is an extremely toxic chemical that can cause permanent brain damage weeks after exposure with little or no warning during exposure. Poisoning causes a "pins and needles" feeling in the tongue or fingers, clumsiness and weakness, hearing loss, loss of vision, abnormal walking, tremors, slurred speech and personality changes. Irritates the lungs. May damage the kidneys. (68000)

CIS 96-1983 Formaldehyde. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme care. Irritates and burns the eyes and skin, leading to permanent damage. May cause skin and lung allergy. Irritates the respiratory tract and may cause lung oedema. Formaldehyde is a highly flammable gas. (68001)

CIS 96-1984 Furfural. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May cause mutations and should be handled with extreme caution. Exposure to high concentrations may cause dizziness, lightheadedness and loss of consciousness. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause lung oedema and skin allergy. May cause loss of sense of taste, numbness of the tongue and liver damage. (68002)

CIS 96-1985 Glutaraldehyde. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. The liquid and its vapour severely irritate the eyes. May burn and irritate the skin. May irritate the respiratory tract. May cause skin allergy. (68003)

CIS 96-1986 Hydrogen sulfide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. Exposure to high levels can cause immediate death. May cause eye irritation, pain, redness and blurred vision. May irritate the lungs and cause oedema. May affect the central nervous system. It is a highly flammable gas. (68004)

CIS 96-1987 Isophorone. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1994. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Affects the central nervous system. May burn the eyes, causing permanent damage. Irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May lead to chronic irritation with eye and nasal discharge. May damage the kidneys. (68005)

CIS 96-1988 Mercuric acetate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Can enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. It is a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Mercury poisoning can cause the "shakes", irritability, sore gums, increased saliva, personality changes and permanent brain and kidney damage. May irritate the lungs. May irritate the skin and cause skin allergy and grey skin colour. May irritate and burn the eyes and cause permanent damage. (68006)

CIS 96-1989 Mercuric nitrate. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May damage the kidneys. Mercury poisoning can cause the "shakes", irritability, sore gums, increased saliva, personality changes and brain damage. May irritate the eyes and lungs. May irritate and burn the skin and cause skin allergy and grey skin colour. (68007)

CIS 96-1990 Mercuric iodide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1992. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. Synonym: mercury diiodide. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May irritate the lungs. May damage the kidneys. Mercury poisoning can cause the "shakes", irritability, sore gums, memory loss, increased saliva, metallic taste, personality changes and brain damage. May irritate and burn the eyes causing permanent damage. May irritate and burn the skin and cause skin allergy and grey skin colour. (68008)

CIS 96-1991 Mercuric cyanide. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May damage the kidneys. Mercury poisoning can cause the "shakes", irritability, sore gums, memory loss, increased saliva, metallic taste, personality changes and brain damage. May irritate and burn the eyes. May irritate the skin and cause skin allergy and grey skin colour. May irritate the lungs. (68009)

CIS 96-1992 Mercuric chloride. New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p. (In English)

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Data sheet. May enter the body by inhalation and through the skin. May cause mutations and reproductive damage. May damage the kidneys. Mercury poisoning can cause the "shakes", irritability, sore gums, personality changes and brain damage. May cause skin allergy. May irritate and burn the eyes causing permanent damage. May irritate the lungs and cause lung oedema. (68010)

CIS 96-1993 N,N'-Dimethyl-p-toluidine. (Spanish: N,N,-Dimetil-p-toluidina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0456. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia causing cyanosis, brain damage and renal insufficiency); exposure to high concentrations may lead to death. (68161)

CIS 96-1994 Mercury (II) nitrate. (Spanish: Dinitrato de mercurio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0980. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the skin and respiratory tract; corrosive effects on the eyes; renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: renal damage causing nephrotic syndrome. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (mercury): 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: 0.05mg (mercury)/m³. (68162)

CIS 96-1995 Dinitrobenzene (isomer mixture). (Spanish: Dinitrobenceno (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0725. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lung diseases; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage; damage of the reproductive system. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm, 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68163)

CIS 96-1996 1,2-Dinitrobenzene. (Spanish: 1,2-Dinitrobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0460. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lung diseases; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage; damage of the reproductive system. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm, 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: III B. (68164)

CIS 96-1997 1,3-Dinitrobenzene. (Spanish: 1,3-Dinitrobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0691. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lung diseases; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage; damage of the reproductive system. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm, 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68165)

CIS 96-1998 1,4-Dinitrobenzene. (Spanish: 1,4-Dinitrobenceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0692. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; lung diseases; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage; damage of the reproductive system; possible carcinogenic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm, 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68166)

CIS 96-1999 2,4-Dinitrophenol. (Spanish: 2,4-Dinitrofenol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0464. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; metabolic disturbances (high fever). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; haematotoxic effects; eye damage (cataract); polyneuropathy; granulocytopenia. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 0.05mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (68167)

CIS 96-2000 2,6-Dinitrotoluene. (Spanish: 2,6-Dinitrotolueno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0728. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: possible carcinogenic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1.5mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68168)

CIS 96-2001 Dinocap (isomer mixture). (Spanish: Dinocap (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0881. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin irritation. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitization; birth malformations. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 0.2mg/m³ (USSR 1984). (68169)

CIS 96-2002 Dipentylamine. (Spanish: Dipentilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0537. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68170)

CIS 96-2003 Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide. (Spanish: Disulfuro de di(benzotiazol-2-ilo)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0505. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68171)

CIS 96-2004 EPTC. (Spanish: EPTC) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0469. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 2mg/m³ (USSR 1976). (68172)

CIS 96-2005 Ethane (liquefied gas). (Spanish: Etano (gas licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0266. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas; frostbite. (68173)

CIS 96-2006 Ethanethiol. (Spanish: Etanotiol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0470. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; respiratory insufficiency. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.5ppm, 1.3mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (68174)

CIS 96-2007 Ethylene, pure. (Spanish: Etileno, puro) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0475. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: risk of suffocation in confined areas. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 100mg/m³ (USSR 1988). (68175)

CIS 96-2008 2-Ethylhexanol. (Spanish: 2-Etilhexan-1-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0890. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (68176)

CIS 96-2009 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene. (Spanish: 5-Etiliden-2,9,10-trinorborn-2-eno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0473. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic and renal damage. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 25mg/m³ (Ceiling) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68177)

CIS 96-2010 Fenamiphos. (Spanish: Fenamifos) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0483. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: cumulative effects; blood cholinesterase inhibition. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68178)

CIS 96-2011 p-Phenylenediamine. (Spanish: p-Fenilendiamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0805. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; asthmatic reactions (may be delayed); haematotoxic effects (methaemoglobinaemia). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; asthma. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68179)

CIS 96-2012 2-Phenylethanol. (Spanish: 2-Fenil etanol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0936. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); damage to the reproductive system. (68180)

CIS 96-2013 2-Phenylpropene. (Spanish: 2-Fenil propeno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0732. International chemical safety card. Synonym: α-methylstyrene. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68181)

CIS 96-2014 Fenitrothion. (Spanish: Fenitrotión) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0622. International chemical safety card. Synonym: metathion. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects; blood cholinesterase inhibition. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 0.1mg/m³ (USSR 1984). (68182)

CIS 96-2015 2-Phenoxyethanol. (Spanish: 2-Fenoxietanol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0538. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (68183)

CIS 96-2016 Fenthion. (Spanish: Fentión) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0655. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects. Occupational exposure limits: TLV (total dust): 0.2mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68184)

CIS 96-2017 Ferbam. (Spanish: Ferbam) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0792. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: contact dermatitis; sensitization dermatitis; neurotoxic effects; thyroid disorders. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68185)

CIS 96-2018 Sodium fluoroacetate. (Spanish: Fluoroacetato de sodio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0484. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); convulsions; arrhythmia; respiratory insufficiency. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.05mg/m³ (TWA); STEL: 0.15mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68186)

CIS 96-2019 Butyl formate. (Spanish: Formiato de butilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0402. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin; corrosive effect on the eyes and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); chemical pneumonitis; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic and renal damage. (68187)

CIS 96-2020 Trimethyl phosphate. (Spanish: Fosfato de trimetilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0686. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); genetic effects. (68188)

CIS 96-2021 tris(2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate. (Spanish: Fosfato de tris(2-etilhexilo)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0968. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin irritation. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68189)

CIS 96-2022 Phosphorus. (Spanish: Fósforo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0628. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive effect on ingestion; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); hepatic and renal damage. Long-term exposure effects: bone disorders. (68190)

CIS 96-2023 Phosmet. (Spanish: Fosmet) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0543. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); visual disturbances; muscular cramps. (68191)

CIS 96-2024 Dicyclohexyl phthalate. (Spanish: Ftalato de diciclohexilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0651. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (68192)

CIS 96-2025 Diisodecyl phthalate. (Spanish: Ftalato de diisodecilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0875. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage. (68193)

CIS 96-2026 Graphite (natural). (Spanish: Grafito (natural)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0893. International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: lung diseases; graphite pneumoconiosis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 2.5mg/m³ (respirable dust) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68194)

CIS 96-2027 alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane. (Spanish: α-Hexaclorociclohexano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0795. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: haematotoxic effects; hepatic damage. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68195)

CIS 96-2028 Sulfur hexafluoride (liquefied). (Spanish: Hexafluoruro de azufre (licuado)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0571. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: frostbite; corneal damage; risk of suffocation in confined areas. (68196)

CIS 96-2029 1,6-Hexanediol. (Spanish: Hexano-1,6-diol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0491. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; unconsciousness. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68197)

CIS 96-2030 2-Hexanol. (Spanish: Hexan-2-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0488. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects; liquid defats skin. (68198)

CIS 96-2031 2-Hexanone. (Spanish: Hexan-2-ona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0489. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (disturbances of coordination; muscular weakness); narcotic effects; damage of the reproductive system. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm; 20mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68199)

CIS 96-2032 1-Hexene. (Spanish: Hex-1-eno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0490. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the mucous membranes; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); unconsciousness; risk of suffocation in confined areas. (68200)

CIS 96-2033 Aluminium hydroxide. (Spanish: Hidróxido de aluminio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0373. International chemical safety card. Long-term exposure effects: decrease of blood phosphate. Occupational exposure limits: MAK: 6mg/m³ (1991). (68201)

CIS 96-2034 Lithium hydride. (Spanish: Hidruro de litio) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0813. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.025mg/m³ (TWA) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68202)

CIS 96-2035 1,1'-Iminodi-2-propanol. (Spanish: 1,1'-Iminidipropan-2-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0493. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68203)

CIS 96-2036 Iodoethane. (Spanish: Iodoetano) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0479. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and on ingestion; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); neurotoxic effects; renal damage; thyroid disorders; hepatic damage; unconsciousness. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (68204)

CIS 96-2037 Ioxynil. (Spanish: Ioxinil) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0900. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (68205)

CIS 96-2038 Isophorone diisocyanate. (Spanish: Isocianato de 3-isocianatometil-3,5,5-trimetilciclohexilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0499. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; asthmatic reactions (may be delayed). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; lung diseases (sensitization). Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.005ppm, 0.045mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68206)

CIS 96-2039 Isoprene. (Spanish: Isopreno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0904. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; unconsciousness. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. Occupational exposure limits: PDK: 40mg/m³ (USSR 1977). (68207)

CIS 96-2040 Bisphenol A. (Spanish: 4-4'-Isopropilidendifenol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0634. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (68208)

CIS 96-2041 2-Methyl-1-butanol. (Spanish: 2-Metilbutan-1-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0506. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. (68209)

CIS 96-2042 trans-beta-Methylstyrene. (Spanish: trans-beta-Metilestireno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0736. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; skin irritation. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 484mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (68210)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 96-2043 In the office...Beware of carelessness!. (Spanish: En la oficina ... ¡cuidado con los descuidos!) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. 19p. Illus. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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Safety booklet aimed at workers. It covers: causes of accidents; most common accidents; safe use of work tools; fire safety; accidents with electrical equipment. (68134)

CIS 96-2044 Prevention is life. (Spanish: Prevenir es vivir) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. Illustrated brochures. (In Spanish)

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A series of brochures (4 p. each). Some of the topics covered: important recommendations for personal hygiene; precautions against falling objects; thinking before acting; lifting and transport of loads; safe behaviour; the three most common causes of commuting accidents (crossing a street without looking, jumping on buses, driving under the influence of alcohol); electric safety; safe use of ladders. (68136)

CIS 96-2045 Multivariable analysis - An introduction. Feinstein A.R., Yale University Press, 23 Pond Street, London NW3 2PN, United Kingdom, 1996. xvi, 613p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 45.00., ISBN 0-300-06299-0 (In English)

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This manual provides an introduction to the uses of multivariable analysis for health professionals. The focus is on four methods common in the medical literature: multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, discriminant function analysis, and the proportional hazards procedure (Cox regression). The basic strategies of these methods are explained and their strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. Some new methods of analysis are also described. Includes numerous examples and an accompanying computer diskette to facilitate learning. (67814)

CIS 96-2046 Occupational health and safety regulation - Standards for health and safety inspectors. Level 4. Occupational Health and Safety Lead Body, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 69p. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1214-7 (In English)

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These standards form the basis of the National and Scottish Vocational Qualifications in Occupational Health and Safety Regulation for health and safety enforcement personnel. The ten units include: planning and implementation of inspections and investigations; identifying the need for improved risk control; securing compliance with legislation; promotion and development of health and safety awareness; establishing productive working relationships; and evaluating information for action. (67966)

CIS 96-2047 Protecting your health at work. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1996. 15p. 12 ref. (In English)

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This booklet is issued as part of the Health and Safety Executive's 'Good Health is Good Business' campaign. It describes some of the common causes of work-related illness and provides advice for workers on how to protect their health. Topics include: responsibilities of employers and employees; protecting the back, muscles and joints, hands and arms, skin, lungs and hearing; prevention of stress; and precautions during pregnancy. (67955)

CIS 96-2048 An employer's guide to Good Health is Good Business. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk, CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1996. 29p. Illus. (In English)

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This booklet is issued as part of the Health and Safety Executive's 'Good Health is Good Business' campaign. It provides guidance for employers on: work-related illness and managing health risks; control of noise-induced hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and asthma caused by respiratory sensitizers. Includes illustrative case studies and advice on obtaining further information. (67956)

CIS 96-2049 Textbook of occupational medicine and insurance medicine. (French: Précis de Médecine du travail et médecine des assurances) Rey P., Editions Médecine et Hygiène, case 456, 1211 Genève, Switzerland, 1991. x, 450p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.00., ISBN 2-88049-060-X (In French)

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Part 1 of this manual, aimed at university students, occupational physicians and others concerned by occupational medicine, discusses the legal aspects and the organization of workers' protection in Switzerland. It also covers the principal occupational diseases (together with their causes), primary prevention at the workplace (industrial hygiene), secondary prevention (medical surveillance) and working conditions (ergonomics, new technologies, the thermal environment, night work and women at work). Part 2 is devoted to insurance medicine (expertise) as it applies to workmen's compensation, and other aspects of medical, accident and invalidity insurance (privately run) in Switzerland. Other systems of social security are discussed as well, and the Swiss situation is analyzed in light of the possible eventual integration of the country in the European Communities. (68076)

CIS 96-2050 Better protection against asbestos in the workplace. OSHA Publications Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room N3101, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 1993 (also: INTERNET http://www.osha.gov/oshpubs/oshfacts/osha93-06.html). 1 doc. (In English)

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Contents of this educational fact-sheet: basic facts about asbestos (definition, est. 1.3 million exposed workers in the US, dangers of exposure, mandatory protection measures); permissible exposure limit (0.2 fibres/cm³, 8h TWA; 1 fibre/cm³ 30min STEL); exposure monitoring requirements; methods of compliance; use of respirators; regulated areas; labels; recordkeeping; protective clothing; hygiene facilities and practices; medical examinations. (68140)

CIS 96-2051 MbOCA and you. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1996. 2p. (In English)

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This leaflet briefly describes precautions in the use of MbOCA (methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (a potential carcinogen): legal requirements for hazard assessment and control of exposure; prevention of skin contact (protective clothing, personal hygiene); safe working practices (exhaust ventilation, respirators); medical checks and determination of MbOCA in urine. (67953)

CIS 96-2052 Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work. A training manual. (Chinese: Gongzuo zhong huasuepin de shiyong anquan yu weisheng: peixun shouce) Bakar Che Man A., Gold D., International Labour Office (ILO), Occupational Safety and Health Training Centre, Ministry of Labour, Beijing, China, [no date]. 82p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 92-2-506470-5 (In Chinese)

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Chinese translation of a training manual originally published in English (see CIS 93-789). Contents: health hazards due to chemical exposure (factors contributing to hazardous situations, toxic effects of chemicals); fire and explosion hazards; basic principles of prevention (elimination or substitution, organizational control); chemical emergency procedures (emergency plan, evacuation, first aid, fire fighting, spill and leak procedures); management of a chemical control programme. Annexes include a training checklist for safe use of chemicals at work, text of the ILO Chemicals Convention and Recommendation, and guidance on the classification, identification and labelling of chemicals. (68051)

CIS 96-2053 Chemical substances - Theme: Chemical substances that contaminate the working environment. (Spanish: Sustancias químicas - Tema: sustancias químicas contaminantes del ambiente de trabajo) Montoya Serrano J.J., Instituto Nacional de Seguros, Dirección de Seguros Solidarios, Depto. de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1994. 24p. Illus. 11 ref. (In Spanish)

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This practical guide to chemical safety is aimed at workers. Contents: definition; how chemicals can contaminate the environment; presence of contaminants in the workplace air; occupational diseases caused by chemicals; poisoning; toxicity classification; exposure evaluation; preventive action; sources of information and help. (68120)

CIS 96-2054 Carbon monoxide poisoning. OSHA Publications Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room N3101, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 1992 (also: INTERNET http://www.osha.gov/oshpubs/oshfacts/92-11.html). 1 doc. (In English)

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Fact sheet on carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning: workers at risk; toxicity of CO (high concentrations are lethal); prevention of poisoning; US federal standards (35ppm 8h-TWA; 15min ceiling: 200ppm). (68138)

CIS 96-2055 Practical guide to the relevant legislation concerning the storage, handling and transportation of dangerous materials in workplaces. (Spanish: Guía práctica de reglamentación aplicable en el almacenamiento, manejo y transporte de materiales peligrosos en los centros de trabajo) Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Doctor Vértiz 96, 06720 México D.F., Mexico, 1993. 19p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Practical guide to the application of Mexican standards relating to the storage, handling and transportation of various types of dangerous materials. The relevant standards refer to: flammable and combustible substances (see CIS 94-1111); explosives (see CIS 94-1112); corrosive, irritant and toxic substances (see CIS 95-1945); solid, liquid and gaseous contaminants. Contents: definition of dangerous materials; general instructions for the storage, handling and transportation of dangerous materials; check list for compliance; contents of warning labels and material safety data sheets (MSDSs). (68118)

CIS 96-2056 Practical guide for workers concerning the storage, handling and transportation of dangerous materials in workplaces. (Spanish: Guía práctica para los trabajadores aplicable en el almacenamiento, manejo y transporte de materiales peligrosos en los centros de trabajo) Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Doctor Vértiz 96, 06720 México D.F., Mexico, 1993. 12p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Practical guide for workers relating to the safe storage, handling and transportation of various types of dangerous materials. (68119)

CIS 96-2057 Storing and handling ammonium nitrate. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1996. 12p. 10 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet describes the fire and explosion hazards of ammonium nitrate and provides safety precautions for the storage and handling of ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate fertilizers: design and location of storage areas; size of stacks and separation from other substances; housekeeping; fire precautions; bulk products. Legislation relating to storage of large quantities is outlined. (67954)

CIS 96-2058 Fiiire! Learn to fight it! Fire prevention and fire fighting. (Spanish: ¡Fueegooo! ¡Aprenda a controlarlo! Prevención y combate de incendios) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. 14p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Safety booklet aimed at workers. Contents: necessary conditions for fires; classification of fires (classes A, B, C, D); location of fire-fighting equipment; how to fight fires of various classes; handling of fire extinguishers; general recommendations. (68135)

CIS 96-2059 Major hazard control: A practical manual. (Korean: Cungtay sanepsa-ko yeypang maynyuel) Korea Industrial Safety Corporation, 34-6 Gusandong, Bukyong, Inchon, Rep. of Korea, 1996. [6], vi, 389p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In Korean)

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Korean translation of a manual originally published in 1988 (CIS 89-118), written primarily for government officials, labour inspectors, management and labour union officials and emergency personnel in developing countries. Contents: introduction (description of major types of hazards; explosions, fires, toxic releases; components of major hazard control systems); identification of major hazard installations; role of management (assessment of hazards; causes of major industrial accidents; safe operation of major hazard installations; mitigation of consequence; reporting to authorities); role of authorities; role of workers and of workers' organizations; emergency planning; implementation of major hazard control systems; prerequisites for a major hazard control system. Appendices contain: list of dangerous substances and threshold quantities (derived from EC Directive 82/501/EEC); example of a rapid ranking method for the classification of units/plant elements; guide to hazard and operability studies; consequence calculation methods; storage of LPG at fixed installations; safety advice for bulk chlorine installations; storage of anhydrous ammonia under pressure in the United Kingdom; example of a safety report; example of an accident report form; land use near major hazard works. (68086)

CIS 96-2060 Maintaining portable electrical equipment in offices and other low risk environments. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 8p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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This booklet replaces the 1994 document on the same subject (see CIS 94-1040). It is a brief practical guide to the inspection and testing of portable electrical equipment in offices and similar environments. The various hazards and corresponding testing are covered in a question-and-answer form. A check list is provided for the kind of testing necessary for various kinds of equipment. (68111)

CIS 96-2061 Safety in electrical installations. (Spanish: Seguridad en instalaciones eléctricas) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. 19p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Safety booklet aimed at workers. It covers safe working practices during the installation and repair of electrical equipment and connections. (68133)

CIS 96-2062 Slips, trips & falls. Coastal Video Communications Corp., 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA, 1993. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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Training booklet aimed at workers. Contents: slipping (wet indoor surfaces, traction and footwear, inclement weather, other hazards); tripping (lighting, clutter); falls (proper equipment, ladders, stairs). Quiz for testing whether readers have understood the message. (68115)

CIS 96-2063 Prevention of accidents during the lifting of heavy loads. (Spanish: Prevención de accidentes por levantamiento de cargas pesadas) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. 15p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Safety booklet aimed at workers. The mechanics of manual lifting and the safe operation of lifting equipment are covered. (68132)

CIS 96-2064 Commuting accidents are also occupational accidents. (Spanish: También los accidentes en trayecto son accidentes laborales) Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Departamento Difusión, Av. de la República No.134, 4o piso, Col. Tabacalera, México D.F., C.P.06030, Mexico, [no date]. 15p. Illus. (In Spanish)

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Information booklet on safe driving practices and safe pedestrian behaviour. (68131)

CIS 96-2065 Bloodborne pathogens final standard: Summary of key provisions. OSHA Publications Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Room N3101, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 1992 (also: INTERNET http://www.osha.gov/oshpubs/oshfacts/92-46.html). 1 doc. (In English)

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Fact sheet issued in connection with the issuing of the US Bloodborne Pathogens Final Standard (CIS 93-371). It explains in simple language the following: scope of the standard; preparation of exposure control plans; methods of compliance; special rules for HIV and HBV research laboratories and production facilities; provision of hepatitis B vaccination; post-exposure evaluations and follow-ups; hazard communication; information and training; recordkeeping. (68139)

CIS 96-2066 Tuberculosis awareness. Coastal Video Communications Corp., 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA, 1994. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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Training booklet aimed at workers. Contents: general information on tuberculosis (TB); infection sources (including at the workplace); latent and active TB; diagnosis; drug-resistant TB; people at risk; TB and immunocompromised people. Quiz for testing whether readers have understood the message. (68114)

CIS 96-2067 Picking up the pieces - Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the ceramics industry. Health and Safety Commission, Ceramics Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 26p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-0872-7 (In English)

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This guide outlines the nature and causes of musculoskeletal disorders and provides advice on how to identify and control hazards in three problem areas in the ceramics industry: posture and seating, work-related upper limb disorders, and manual handling. Includes check lists for assessing musculoskeletal problems. (67965)

CIS 96-2068 Ergonomics course book - For design engineers. DuPont, Leeds, United Kingdom, 1996. 1 Vol. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Manual on ergonomics, designed for in-house training of workers within a multinational chemical company. Four sections: definition of ergonomics; site assessment procedures; the six sciences (anthropometry, biomechanics, physiology, cognition, environment, kinesiology); guide to project implementation. Check lists throughout. (68093)

CIS 96-2069 Ergonomics. Coastal Video Communications Corp., 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA, 1992. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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This training booklet aimed at workers covers, essentially, Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) caused by workplace factors. Contents: definition of CTDs; risk factors; prevention; workstation improvement to prevent CTDs; tips when using tools; standing or sitting and CTDs; ergonomic suggestions for computer operators; physical fitness and micro-breaks; review. Quiz for testing whether readers have understood the message. (68116)

CIS 96-2070 Ergonomic checkpoints: Practical and easy-to-implement solutions for improving safety, health and working conditions. International Ergonomics Association, ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. xxii, 273p. Illus. Price: CHF 25.00., ISBN 92-2-109442-1 (In English)

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This practical manual contains 128 "checkpoints", each consisting of one page of important points to remember about an ergonomic issue (including many OSH subjects as well), grouped under the headings WHY, HOW, SOME MORE HINTS and POINTS TO REMEMBER, together with one page of illustrations. The checkpoints themselves are grouped under the following headings: materials storage and handling; hand tools; productive machine safety; improving workstation design; lighting; premises; control of hazardous substances and agents; welfare facilities; work organization. An overall ergonomic check-list, with one recommendation for each of the checkpoints, is also provided. (68137)

CIS 96-2071 Pro-active safety attitudes: Looking out for number one - Prevention, Responsibility, Protection. Coastal Video Communications Corp., 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA, 1995. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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Training booklet aimed at workers. It defines "pro-active safety" as the taking of responsibility to act safely before being told to or whenever the situation demands safe behaviour. The three key concepts are: prevention, responsibility, protection. Examples of everyday incidents are given throughout. Quiz for testing whether readers have understood the message. (68112)

CIS 96-2072 Workplace violence: Awareness, Prevention, Response. Coastal Video Communications Corp., 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23452, USA, 1994. 16p. Illus. (In English)

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Training booklet on how to deal with violence in the workplace. Contents: awareness (understanding workplace violence, causes); prevention (warning signs, reporting, stress management, conflict resolution, personal safety tips); responses (handling a crisis). Quiz for testing whether readers have understood the message. (68113)

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CIS 96-2073 Warnings in research and practice. Edworthy J., Hellier E., Stanton N., eds., Ergonomics, Nov. 1995, Vol.38, No.11, p.2145-2445. (In English)

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Entire issue on the factors that make warnings effective or that impair their effectiveness. Article titles: warnings, a supplement not a substitute...; risk and effectiveness criteria...; analysis of methylene chloride product labelling; warning signal words...; interaction of signal word and colour on warning labels...; quantifying and predicting the effects of basic text display variables...; ...consumer advisement warning information embedded within written instructions...; effectiveness of glue odour as a warning signal; a user-centred approach to the design and evaluation of auditory warning signals...; audibility of reverse alarms...; human probability matching behaviour in response to alarms of varying reliability; perceived urgency and response time to ... signals...; a psychophysical evaluation of the perceived urgency of auditory warning signals; the semantic associations of acoustic parameters...; integrating multiple information sources...; the alarm problem and directed attention...; development of a situation awareness measure...; ...analysis of alarm handling by operators using text-based alarm systems...; aircraft warning systems.... (68082)

CIS 96-2074 Research on the strategy for controlling occupational hazards in township industries in China. Tao Y.X., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Jan. 1995, Vol.71, No.1, p.13-22. (In English)

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In 1992, there were 21 million township and village enterprises in China. They employed 105 million workers; 80% had < 100 workers. Industrial enterprises accounted for about 40% of the township enterprises and 60% of the workers. 80% of the township factories and mines had jobs that could be considered harmful and 34% of the workers were engaged in harmful jobs. Women accounted for 56.7% of all workers and 47.2% of those engaged in harmful jobs. Airborne lead, benzene, chromium, silica dust, coal dust and asbestos dust were measured at a number of sites, as was noise; values exceeding Chinese standards were frequently found. Examination of 1742 workers exposed to these agents showed 4.5% to be suffering from occupational diseases; this figure agrees with the 4.6% found in a ministerial survey of 18,947 workers in township, village and cooperative enterprises. Of 1780 factories and mines surveyed, only 42% had labour protection facilities, some not used or maintained. Only 8.7% had labour protection departments, while 61.2% had safety officers. Only 72.9% of the managers were aware that jobs in their enterprises could be harmful, and only 56.2% of the workers engaged in harmful jobs were aware of the hazards. Management must be strengthened; existing programmes and policies must be implemented and regulations enforced; engineering controls must be introduced; OSH services must be strengthened; OSH training must be promoted. (68158)

CIS 96-2075 Industrial health risk assessment: Industrial hygiene for technology transition. Claycamp H.G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.423-435. 33 ref. (In English)

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A model for industrial health risk assessment is proposed which combines several elements of classical risk assessment with certain risk management goals. Elements of the model include: hazard inventory, identification and prioritization; qualitative exposure assessment, exposure modelling and monitoring; risk assessment, characterization and communication; and interfacing risk assessment with risk management. The principal goal of the model is to incorporate risk assessments early in the development of new industrial manufacturing and maintenance processes. (67851)

CIS 96-2076 Hazards according to occupation: Relevance for the health care system. Avni A., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.137-145. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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A project of "hazard cards by occupation" for hospital and related personnel is described, together with feedback data collected from Israeli hospital safety officers and other professionals. (68075)

CIS 96-2077 New regulations on safety officers. (Hebrew: Im pirsum hatakana hachadasha bidvar memunim al habetichut) Schwartz M., Betichut, Aug. 1996, No.243, p.4. (In Hebrew)

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According to new regulations (in force from 18.07.1996) a safety officer must be appointed by the management of almost all factories employing 50 people or more. The definition of factory has thereby been extended to include local authorities, hospitals, research institutions, hotels, etc. The appointed officer must be a qualified technician, practical engineer or equivalent, and must complete an 300-hour instruction course. The duties of a safety officer have been defined in great detail. (68071)

CIS 96-2078 Changes in the Asbestos and Harmful Dust Regulations. (Hebrew: Shinuyim betaqanot asbest veavaq meziq) Naim L., Betichut, Aug. 1996, No.243, p.20-21. (In Hebrew)

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These changes in the regulations came into force on 26 May 1996, the main ones being: the STEL for asbestos is abolished; the list of asbestos products the manufacture or import of which are allowed has been shortened; new rules concerning the environmental and medical supervision of workers exposed to asbestos and harmful dust have been issued. (68072)

CIS 96-2079 Report on mission to Khartoum [Sudan], 26 August - 5 September 1996. Shaikh K., International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996 [wordprocessed document, microfiche copy available from CIS]. 21p. (In English)

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Contents of this report written subsequent to a visit to the Sudan by members of the ILO Multidisciplinary Team based in Cairo (Egypt): background information; economic conditions in the Sudan; the structural adjustment programme the Sudan is undergoing; survey of labour legislation in the Sudan; the Labour Administration system; survey of inspection services (federal and state levels); industrial safety officers; handling of accidents and occupational diseases; role of the Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation; child labour issues; UNDP activities; recommendations and follow-up. (67836)

CIS 96-2080 UK information network to support the European Agency for Health and Safety at Work. Simmons S., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 88p. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1141-8 (In English)

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This report summarizes the results of a survey carried out in 1995 to ascertain interest by United Kingdom organizations in participating in a potential health and safety information network. This network would support the work of the European Agency for Health and Safety at Work in the collection and dissemination of information in Member States of the European Union. Data was collected on the size, nature and scope of current information services, and their willingness to participate in the network. A directory listing more than 90 potential network members is included as an appendix. (67819)

CIS 96-2081 The health and safety implications of changing patterns of employment. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 20p. 16 ref. (In English)

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This discussion document invites comments on the implications for the regulation of health and safety of recent changes in the structure of the United Kingdom labour market; in particular the increase in self-employment, part-time and temporary employment, and the use of contractors. Duties of employers, employees, the self-employed and others under health and safety law are outlined, and issues relating to the flexible labour market are discussed. Includes a questionnaire for response to the document. (67828)

CIS 96-2082 Fifteen years of occupational-accident research in Sweden. Menckel E., Kullinger B., eds., Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Box 1122, 111 81 Stockholm, Sweden, 1996. 208p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 91-88530-47-7 (In English)

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This book provides a review of Swedish research and development activities in the field of occupational accidents during the last 15 years. Research perspectives, approaches, theoretical models, methods and results are summarized in the areas of: concepts of accident, accident event and injury; injury registration as a preventive aid; thematic studies (the human factor, accidents and technological development, integrated safety management, prevention of accidents in construction and agriculture, cost of injuries); prevention and intervention; and Nordic occupational accident research from an international perspective. (68062)

CIS 96-2083 Recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases: An ILO Code of Practice. (French: Enregistrement et déclaration des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles: recueil de directives pratiques du BIT; Spanish: Registro y declaración de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales: resumen de directivas prácticas de la OIT) International Labour Office (ILO), ILO Publications, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. xxi, 97p. 8 ref. Index. Price: CHF 20.00., ISBN 92-2-109451-0 (En), ISBN 92-2-209451-4 (fr), ISBN 92-2-309451-8 (es) (In English, French, Spanish)

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This Code of Practice was adopted by a tripartite Meeting of Experts held in Geneva from 3 to 11 Oct. 1994. Its purpose is to help with the international harmonization of the procedures for the collection, recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases. Contents: extracts from the Report of the Meeting of Experts; general provisions; policies and principles for the recording, notification and investigation of occupational accidents and diseases, dangerous occurrences and related statistics (at the national and enterprise level); legal, institutional and administrative arrangements for setting up reporting, recording and notification systems; reporting at the enterprise level; arrangements for recording; arrangements for notification; extension of systems to self-employed persons; compilation and publication of statistics; classification and investigation of occupational accidents and diseases and of dangerous occurrences. In annex: relevant ILO Conventions and Recommendations; schedules, lists and classification systems for occupational injuries and diseases, economic activities, occupations, status in employment and accidents. (67835)

CIS 96-2084 A guide to the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 29p. 35 ref. Price: GBP 8.00., ISBN 0-7176-1234-1 (In English)

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This document provides the text of the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 with accompanying guidance. Provisions relate to: duty of the employer to consult and issues on which employees should be consulted; persons to be consulted; direct consultation and consultation through elected representatives; duty of employer to provide information; and functions and training of employee safety representatives. In appendices: requirements for information, instruction and training in existing legislation. (67948)

CIS 96-2085 Workplace health, safety and welfare - Approved Code of Practice. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vii, 51p. 76 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0413-6 (In English)

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This document provides the text of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-351) with accompanying guidance. Contents: interpretation and application of the Regulations; responsibilities of employers and others; maintenance of the workplace, equipment, devices and systems; ventilation; indoor temperature; lighting; cleanliness and waste materials; room dimensions and space; workstations and seating; conditions of floors and traffic routes; prevention of falls or falling objects; safety of windows, doors, gates and walls, escalators and moving walkways; provision of welfare facilities. Replaces CIS 93-813. (67964)

CIS 96-2086 Occupational safety and health standards system, Part 1. (Russian: Sistema standartov bezopasnosti truda, čast' 1) IPK Izdatel'stvo Standartov, Kolodeznyj per. 14, 107076 Moskva, Russian Federation, 1996. 269p. + 3 inserts. (In Russian)

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Reissue of 13 State Standards of the former USSR that have been reconfirmed by the authorities of the Russian Federation: GOST 12.0.001-82 (main principles); 12.0.002-82 (terms and definitions); 12.0.003-74 (dangerous and harmful industrial factors - classification); 12.0.004-90 (organization of safety and health training - general rules); 12.0.005-84 (metrological support of occupational safety and health - main principles); 12.1.001-89 (ultrasound - general safety requirements); 12.1.002-84 (power-frequency electrical fields - permissible levels of field strength and workplace monitoring); 12.1.003-83 (noise - general safety requirements); 12.1.004-91 (fire safety - general requirements); 12.1.005-88 (general hygienic requirements for workplace air), which includes the official list of occupational exposure limits (PDKs); 12.1.006-84 (radiofrequency electromagnetic fields - permissible levels in the workplace and monitoring methods); 12.1.007-76 (toxic substances - classification and general safety requirements); 12.1.010-76 (biological safety - general requirements). Tables from GOST 12.0.004-91 that show potentially hazardous materials which can and cannot be stored together are annexed. (68151)

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CIS 96-2087 On the relationship between activation and breakdown of macrophages in the pathogenesis of silicosis (An overview). Privalova L.I., Katsnelson B.A., Sharapova N.Y., Kislitsina N.S., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1995, Vol.86, No.6, p.511-521. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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While considering that many other authors have suggested that macrophage activation plays a key role in the development of immunopathological phenomena in silicosis, asbestosis and other pneumoconioses, this study underlines the importance exerted on pulmonary macrophages by macrophage breakdown products (MBPs) as well. Experiments conducted have shown that most of the activation phenomena could be reproduced, either in vitro or in vivo, by exposing macrophages to MBPs. Though not denying that small silica doses may be able to exert a direct activating influence upon the macrophages, the conclusion is that the primary role in the pathogenesis of silicosis is played by the damage to and the breakdown of these cells. (67886)

CIS 96-2088 The effect of the working environment on occupational skin disease development in workers processing rockwool. Kieć-Swierczyńska M., Szymczak W., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1995, Vol.8, No.1, p.17-22. 13 ref. (In English)

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A total of 259 workers manufacturing insulation matting of rockwool and phenol-formaldehyde resin were examined. All subjects and a control group of 529 workers were patch-tested. Dermatitis was found in roughly every fourth subject examined, oil acne in every tenth. The development of dermatitis is attributed to the irritating effects of rockwool and the sensitizing action of phenol-formaldehyde resin and metals present in the working environment. Regarding the latter, the risk of nickel allergy appears to be six times higher, and that of cobalt allergy five times higher, in people exposed to rockwool as opposed to controls. (67867)

CIS 96-2089 Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Alberts W.M., do Pico G.A., Chest, June 1996, Vol.109, No.6, p.1618-1626. 72 ref. (In English)

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This review outlines the condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), which has been recognized in recent years as a distinct subset of occupational nonimmunologic asthma. It may be induced by different irritants (e.g. frequently by tolylene diisocyanate). The diagnostic criteria are reported together with several published cases of patients with RADS. The epidemiology, controversial aspects, pathology and mechanisms of this syndrome are also discussed. (67884)

CIS 96-2090 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and occupational history: A pilot case-control study. Strickland D., Smith S.A., Dolliff G., Goldman L., Roelofs R.I., Archives of Neurology, Aug. 1996, Vol.53, p.730-733. 11 ref. (In English)

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In this study 25 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 25 controls were assessed. The strongest association with ALS was exposure to welding or soldering materials (OR=5.0) and work in the welding industry (OR=5.3). Perhaps the most obvious candidate for causing agent from materials used in welding and soldering is lead. Other suggestions of risk were seen in paint and pigment manufacturing, shipbuilding, electroplating and the dairy industry. More research is needed to obtain more definite conclusions. (67865)

CIS 96-2091 Cardiac arrhythmia in women performing heavy physical work. Bortkiewicz A., Pałczyński C., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Górski P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1995, Vol.8, No.1, p.23-31. 49 ref. (In English)

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The response of the circulatory system to heavy physical work was assessed in 35 women employed as printing machine operators. Heart rates during work, leisure time and sleep were evaluated with Holter ECG recordings. In nine of the women, heart rhythm disturbances (in particular, supraventricular extrasystoles) were found, which occurred in connection with the physical tasks performed. Conduction disturbances were observed at night in three cases. Elevated blood pressure was found in five of the subjects, but without ECG alterations. Among those with ECG changes, only one had abnormal blood pressure. Sixty percent of the examined women were overweight and many of them were habitual cigarette smokers. (67868)

CIS 96-2092 Occupational health in laboratories: Cancer, effects on reproduction and Israeli legislation. Lemesch C., Magnus P., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.119-121, 15 ref. (In English)

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A statistically significant increase in breast cancers was found among laboratory workers. Israeli regulations for work in laboratories include bans on a number of hazardous substances with possible carcinogenic or reproductive effects. In order to improve the protection of workers, new codes of practice are now in preparation. (68078)

CIS 96-2093 Some recent developments in occupational epidemiology. Axelson O., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1994, Vol.20, Special issue, p.9-18. 82 ref. (In English)

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Occupational epidemiology underwent much growth in the period subsequent to the late 1970s. Case-referent studies were prominent, but the latest emphasis has been on analysis of cohort data, with the possibility of adjustment for length of follow-up and employment status. Another recommended factor for analysis is that of "time windows" for relevant exposure, in cancer studies and elsewhere. In the case of cross-sectional studies of common diseases, the prevalence rate ratio should be used rather than the currently popular (but unintelligible) odds ratio (OR) obtained by logistic regression. Exposure assessment should involve measures that would best reveal an existing risk and dose-response relationships. The development of occupational epidemiology is also affected by current findings in molecular biology. These include the use of DNA (or protein) adducts as markers of exposure or early effect, the use of data on metabolic polymorphism to identify genetically susceptible individuals, and the identification of activated oncogenes and inactivated tumour suppressor genes for the subspecification of various cancer types so as to obtain more sensitive studies. (68091)

CIS 96-2094 Empirical assessment of the effect of different summary worklife exposure measures on the estimation of risk in case-referent studies of occupational cancer. Suarez-Almazor M.E., Soskolne C.L., Fung K., Jhangri G.S., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1992, Vol.18, No.4, p.233-241. 25 ref. (In English)

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The effect of different summary worklife exposure measures (i.e. measurements attributing weightings to either duration or concentration of exposure or both) on the estimation of risk in case-referent studies of occupational cancer was analyzed by comparing two matched case-referent studies (from southern Ontario, Canada, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA) associating exposure to sulfuric acid with cancer. Five summary exposure measures were converted to discrete exposure levels through the use of sophisticated statistical methods. The Ontario data set exhibited only minor differences across the 5 exposure measures. The Louisiana data set, however, produced different results, and the time-dependent measures appeared to underestimate the risk. It is possible, therefore, to obtain different estimates of risk from different exposure measures. It is recommended that, in the absence of proved models for assessing exposure, a variety of summary measures be used to estimate risk. This approach would facilitate the comparison of findings across studies. (68092)

CIS 96-2095 Asthma due to isocyanates: A mail survey in a 1% sample of furniture workers in the Veneto Region, Italy. Mastrangelo G., Paruzzolo P., Mapp C., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1995, Vol.86, No.6, p.503-510. 14 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional survey was performed by means of a questionnaire mailed to a sample of 1430 workers in the wooden furniture industry in northern Italy, which uses large quantities of isocyanate paints. The aim was to ascertain the prevalence of isocyanate-induced asthma in the work place. Completed questionnaires represented about 1% of the total number (70,000) of these workers in the region under consideration (Veneto). A significantly higher asthma prevalence with increasing duration of exposure to isocyanates was observed in the workers (ranging from 2.2% in workers with 11-20 years of exposure to 27.3% in those with over 20 years of exposure). Other factors such as smoking habits and the lower prevalence of asthma observed in larger enterprises are also discussed. (67885)

CIS 96-2096 Some statistical procedures for analytical method accuracy tests and estimation. Fischbach T., Song R., Shulman S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.440-451. 21 ref. (In English)

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Statistical procedures for method evaluation in relation to permissible exposure limits are discussed. The NIOSH accuracy criterion and statistical protocol for evaluating fulfilment of that criterion by an analytical method are outlined. A new approach to accuracy analyses is presented which emphasizes: flexibility in custom designing accuracy evaluation research to fit unique objectives and requirements; and more direct information on the accuracy of the methods studied, not merely whether an accuracy criterion is fulfilled. (67852)

CIS 96-2097 Corrections to the target and critical values for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health validation tests. Fischbach T., Kennedy E., Shulman S., Busch K., Eller P., Song R., Doemeny L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.452-455. 15 ref. (In English)

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Corrections to NIOSH statistical procedures relating to permissible exposure limits are presented. The NIOSH accuracy criterion and statistical protocol are widely used as references for method accuracy studies. The corrections concern the target and critical coefficient of variation values published as part of the statistical protocol. The corrected values are more restrictive than the previously published ones. (67853)

CIS 96-2098 Occupational disease surveillance in Taiwan. Wu T.N., Liou S.H., Shen C.Y., Hsu C.C., Chao S.L., Chang P.Y., Lancet, 21 Sep. 1996, Vol.348, No.9030. p.827. 4 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication describes a surveillance system set up by the Ministry of Health in Taiwan in 1993 to increase the reporting of occupational diseases and to improve occupational medicine and industrial hygiene in the country. The three programmes established so far cover monitoring blood lead levels in lead-exposed workers, noise-induced hearing loss, and work-related diseases. Results indicate a substantial improvement in the reporting of occupational diseases. (68020)

CIS 96-2099 The perceptions of line and senior managers in relation to occupational health issues. Falconer L., Hoel H., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.151-156. 15 ref. (In English)

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Perceptions of managers in relation to their role in managing workplace injury and illness were investigated in a large British manufacturing company. Injury reports and sickness absence reports were analyzed, and interviews were carried out with 63 line and senior managers at eight sites. Managers had a much sounder understanding of their role in injury prevention than of that related to illness prevention. The way in which injury and illness data are presented to managers to aid decision making was identified as an area for further research. (68026)

CIS 96-2100 Prevalence of small opacities in chest radiographs of nickel sinter plant workers. Muir D.C.F., Julian J., Jadon N., Roberts R., Roos J., Chan J., Maehle W., Morgan W.K.C., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.50, No.5, p.428-431. 12 ref. (In English)

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Radiographs from 745 nickel sinter plant workers were taken and classified by five readers using the International Labour Office (1980) protocol. Each reader worked independently and the films were randomly mixed with films from a non-dust exposed office population and also with films from subjects known to have silicosis or asbestosis. The prevalence of small irregular opacities was selected as the outcome of interest. In the sinter workers this was within the range identified in cigarette smokers or in workers exposed to dusts of low fibrogenicity. Only minimal evidence of small round opacities was noted. There was no evidence from the chest radiographs that exposures to high concentrations of dusts containing compounds of nickel caused an inflammatory or fibrogenic response in the lungs of the exposed population. (68032)

CIS 96-2101 Some communicable diseases and reproductive disorders in selected Negev kibbutzim: Occupational and other environmental factors. Kordysh E., Goldsmith J.R., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.155-159. 13 ref. (In English)

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Significant positive correlation was found between work with animals and the frequency of spontaneous abortions as well as acute upper respiratory tract infections. Women with field or orchard work history had more frequent ectopic pregnancies; such work increased also the incidence of jaundice. (68073)

CIS 96-2102 Analysis of correlated data: Problems and examples from occupational medicine. (Italian: Problemi ed esempi di analisi di dati correlati in medicina del lavoro) Zocchetti C., Biggeri A., Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1995, Vol.86, No.1, p.50-60. 2 ref. (In Italian)

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This paper has two aims: to highlight practical situations in which data are not statistically independent, and to show the differences between an analysis which does consider the correlation appropriately and one which does not. Four examples are mentioned: repeated measurements in the same subject (e.g. measurements of sister chromatide exchanges); health effects observed in multiple organs (e.g. visual impairment in both eyes); evaluation of prevention programmes (e.g. evaluation of exposure to styrene, before and after environmental improvement); longitudinal studies of health effects (e.g. changes over time of pulmonary function parameters). This discussion is followed by an extensive description of a practical exercise, i.e.: the measurements of exposure to a toxic substance in two different departments, before and after environmental recovery. This topic is evaluated by means of statistical tools. Statistical aspects are explored in detail, stressing the need of taking into account data correlation analysis. (67889)

CIS 96-2103 WHODOC - Current bibliography of WHO documentation. (French: WHODOC - Liste des publications et documents OMS récents; Spanish: WHODOC - Lista de las últimas publicaciones y documentos de la OMS) World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, 1995. ix, 307p. Indexes. (In English, French, Spanish)

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This annual catalogue (1995) provides details of WHO publications, articles in WHO periodicals, WHO technical and policy documents, press releases, and books and articles arising from WHO programmes published outside the Organization. Entries cover a range of medical and health topics including occupational health and medicine. Ordering details are included. (67850)

CIS 96-2104 Workplace health - Employee fitness and exercise. Kerr J., Griffiths A., Cox T., eds., Taylor & Francis, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1996. xiv, 193p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 17.95., ISBN 0-7484-0143-1 (In English)

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This manual examines the role of workplace fitness and exercise programmes in the promotion of employee health and well-being. Contents: organizational and individual perspectives of employee exercise programmes; financial aspects; assessing the relationship between exercise and employee mental health; role of activity and fitness in mental health; psychological benefits of physical exercise for women; exercise programmes and the promotion of health; exercise as a method of stress management; exercise, shiftwork and sleep; alcohol abuse, physical fitness and the prevention of relapse; employee fitness programmes and reduced absenteeism. (68061)

CIS 96-2105 Occupational cancers. Veys C.A., British Medical Journal, 7 Sep. 1996, Vol.313, p.615-619. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This information note is part of the series ABC of Work Related Disorders. It covers: characteristics of occupational cancer (mechanisms, sites, natural course (often long latency period), effective dose of carcinogens); recognition and diagnosis (history taking, signal tumours, age, clustering); prevention measures (primary and secondary); legislative provisions in the UK; specific carcinogens (metals, aromatic amines, asbestos, ultraviolet radiation, mineral oils, etc.). (67870)

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CIS 96-2106 Lymphocytopenia and occupational exposures among pattern and model makers. Demers P.A., Schade W.J., Demers R.Y., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1994, Vol.20, No.2, p.107-112. 24 ref. (In English)

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This study was performed to examine the relationship between a high prevalence of lymphocytopenia observed during a cancer screening programme for pattern and model makers, and 15 occupational exposures. Elevated risks were associated with exposure to epoxy resins and plastic dusts after adjustment for age and smoking status. No clear associations were found with duration of exposure or percentage of time potentially exposed. While firm conclusions cannot be drawn, the strongest associations observed in this study were for exposure to epoxy resins, wood and plastic dusts coming way behind. (68108)

CIS 96-2107 Age and occupational accidents in the light of fluctuations on the labor market: The case of Swedish non-ferrous ore miners. Laflamme L., Menckel E., Work, 1996, Vol.6, p.97-105. 34 ref. (In English)

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Non-specific and specific age-related accident frequencies among Swedish non-ferrous ore miners were examined with a retrospective statistical analysis of national registers over a ten-year period (1980-1990). Three time periods of five years and five age categories were used, studying age-related accidents frequencies, characteristics and severity. Age-related accident ratios (ARs) were employed as indicators and calculated for all accidents. The AR is calculated from the ratio of all accidents that occurred during a given period and the average number of employed workers during the same period. ARs tended to be lower among older workers, with differences between age groups for almost all accident types. It is plausible that this is explained by lower risk exposure. In the middle-age cohort (25-34 years) an increase in ARs was seen by the end of the period for all accident types. Age-related risks are also influenced by other factors, such as labour-market conditions. In certain more demanding jobs, reduction in personnel may expose younger workers to higher risks, because their basic capacities are exceeded and/or because of lack of relevant experience. (67831)

CIS 96-2108 The age-related risk of occupational accidents: The case of Swedish iron-ore miners. Laflamme L., Menckel E., Lundholm L., Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, Vol.28, No.3, p.349-357. 26 ref. (In English)

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Age-related accident risks faced by Swedish male iron-ore miners were studied with a retrospective longitudinal analysis of national registers over a ten-year period (1980-1990). Three time periods of five years and five age categories were used examining age-related accident frequency, characteristics and severity. Among older miners high accident ratios were found to be rare whatever the time period, but some accident patterns became substantially more frequent in some older age cohorts over the years. Injuries tended to be more severe in older age groups. The tentative conclusions are: inequality in risk exposure between age groups may explain the lower accident ratios found among older workers, but also that the aging of a working population may lead to the application of task-assignment principles that penalize older workers, at least with regard to certain specific accident risks. Age is a good predictor of accident severity, provided that differences in risk exposure are controlled for, but further studies are needed to test these hypotheses in different occupations. (67832)

CIS 96-2109 The 1891-1920 birth cohort of Quebec chrysotile miners and millers: Mortality 1976-88. McDonald J.C., Liddell F.D.K., Dufresne A., McDonald A.D., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1073-1081. 17 ref. (In English)

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A cohort of some 11,000 men born 1891-1920 and employed for at least one month in the chrysotile mines and mills of Quebec, was established in 1966 and has been followed ever since. This paper presents the results of analysis of mortality for the period 1976 to 1988 inclusive compared to that of the general public in Quebec. In many respects the standard mortality ratios (SMRs) 20 years or more after first employment were similar to those for the period 1951-75. The SMR for lung cancer, however, rose from 1.25 to 1.39 and deaths from mesothelioma increased from eight (before review) to 25. Of the 33 deaths from mesothelioma in the cohort to date, 28 were in miners and millers and five were in employees of a small asbestos products factory where commercial amphiboles had also been used. Preliminary analysis also suggests that the risk of mesothelioma was higher in the mines and mills at Thetford Mines than in those of Asbestos. (68036)

CIS 96-2110 Incidence of cancer among welders of mild steel and other shipyard workers. Danielsen T.E., Langård S., Andersen A., Knudsen Ø., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1097-1103. 24 ref. (In English)

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The incidence of cancer among 4,571 shipyard workers with first employment between 1940 and 1979, including 623 welders of mild steel, was investigated in a historical cohort study. The loss to follow up was 1.1%. The total number of deaths was 1,078 (974.5 expected) and there were 408 cases of cancer v 361.3 expected. Sixty-five cases of lung cancer were found v 46.3 expected based on the national rates for males. Four pleural mesotheliomas had occurred (1.2 expected), none among the welders. An excess of lung cancers was found among the welders (nine cases v 3.6 expected). There were six cases of lung cancer v 1.6 expected in a high exposure group of 255 welders. A survey of the smoking habits as of 1984 indicated 10-20% more daily smokers among the shipyard production workers than among Norwegian males. Exposure to smoking and asbestos were confounding variables in this study. (68038)

CIS 96-2111 Mechanisms of cardiac risk among professional drivers. Belkić K., Savić C., Theorell T., Rakić L., Ercegovac D., Djordjević M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1994, Vol.20, No.2, p.73-86. Illus. 153 ref. (In English)

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This literature review indicates that professional drivers have excess cardiac risk that is not fully explained by standard risk factors. The contribution of occupation is suggested by two independent methods and by psychophysiological studies during on-the-job driving. Driving has been conceptualized as a threat-avoidance task. Stimuli encountered in traffic are not inherently aversive but become so by association with driving experiences, a formulation corroborated by laboratory studies in which stimuli such as car headlights elicit cardiovascular hyperreactivity and electroencephalographic signs of arousal in professional drivers. More advanced neurophysiological methods (event-related potentials) show higher cortical electronegativity to imperative signals among professional drivers than among non-driver referents. These data are viewed in light of reports of possible associations between event-related slow potentials and cardiac risk. A clinically and ecologically relevant neurocardiological model is proposed, and preventive strategies, including workplace interventions, are suggested. (68107)

CIS 96-2112 A protocol for systematic workplace investigation in the rubber manufacturing industry. Van Tongeren M., Kromhout H., Swuste P., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1995, Vol.39, No.1, p.55-61. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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A protocol for systematic workplace investigation in the Dutch rubber manufacturing industry has been developed. The protocol, based on results and experiences of an industry-wide hygiene study, makes it possible to evaluate and control hazardous working conditions in rubber manufacturing facilities not included in the hygiene survey. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of exposure to particulates, rubber fumes, solvents and noise, and of dermal exposure to contaminants, but also of exposure to vibration, extreme climate conditions, deleterious working postures, accident risks and unhealthy working habits. Data were collected by using questionnaires and check-lists with the analysis being performed using a large number of decision trees which are based on the best technical means of controlling hazardous working conditions. A test was carried out to compare the results of the protocol with results of the hygiene study. Although this test indicated that the protocol does not generate quantifiable results, it was concluded that it could be a very useful tool for evaluating control measures, for indicating better means of controlling hazardous working conditions and for setting priorities for exposure monitoring and workplace improvement. (67926)

CIS 96-2113 Teachers and occupational pathology. (Italian: Insegnanti e patologia professionale) Tomei F., Persechino B., Proietti M., Archivio di Scienze del Lavoro, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.11, No.1, p.41-47. 15 ref. (In Italian)

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This review deals with the occupational risk factors of teaching professionals. Among the most frequent recognised disorders of this class of workers the following are mentioned: cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthropathies, stress-related conditions, disorders of the upper respiratory system, visual function disorders and infectious diseases. Microclimate factors present in schools are also reviewed and considered as relevant. (67893)

CIS 96-2114 Respiratory symptoms, lung function and pneumoconiosis among self employed dental technicians. Choudat D., Triem S., Weill B., Vicrey C., Ameille J., Brochard P., Letourneux M., Rossignol C., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.50, No.5, p.443-449. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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From the registry of self-employed workers living in Paris, a group of 105 dental technicians (divided into 2 age groups) was studied to evaluate occupational exposure, to determine respiratory manifestations, and to investigate immune disturbances and compared to a control group. The findings contrast with previous reports on the occurrence of autoantibodies and even of connective tissue diseases in dental technicians. In conclusion, the study confirms an increased risk of pneumoconiosis among dental technicians. Moreover, there may be other lung disorders such as impairment of lung function, especially in association with cigarette smoking. These findings emphasize the need for control of the work environment and medical surveillance even after retirement. (68033)

CIS 96-2115 Mortality and incidence of cancer in a cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps: An extended follow up study. Evanoff B.A., Gustavsson P., Hogstedt C., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.50, No.5, p.450-459. 56 ref. (In English)

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Mortality and incidence of cancer were examined in a cohort of 5542 Swedish chimney sweeps employed between 1918 and 1980. Previous studies of this cohort found increased risks of ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disease, accidental deaths, and various neoplasms. By increasing follow up, the power of the study was to be increased and disease time trends examined. All risks remained significantly raised. Exposure-response analyses showed significant positive associations between duration of employment and risks for mortality from lung, oesophageal, and total cancer. This study supports a causal role for exposure to chimney soot, which contains carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Extended follow up of this cohort now shows increased risks of prostate and haematolymphatic cancers. (68034)

CIS 96-2116 Laboratory workers in Israel as an occupational hazard group. Israeli E., Gitelman J., Azor M., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.147-152. 5 ref. (In English)

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Adherence to biosafety and hygienic precautions in Israeli biological and medical laboratories is in many cases below the accepted international guidelines, and 25% of the laboratory personnel have had no vaccination against hepatitis B. Basic knowledge about biohazards, decontamination, hazardous waste disposal, etc. seems to be inadequate. (68074)

CIS 96-2117 Health circles in the service sector: A pilot project in the context of an occupational medical service. (German: Gesundheitszirkel im Dienstleistungsbereich: ein Modellprojekt im Rahmen eines Betriebsärztlichen Dienstes) Pressel G., Slesina W., Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Umweltmedizin, 1994, Vol.29, No.9, p.387-392. Illus. 8 ref. (In German)

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The work of three safety and health committees for 12,000 employees of an airport administration in Germany is described. Committee 1 was concerned with the employees in the vehicle repair shop. Committee 2 was assigned to the employees dealing with passenger safety. Committee 3 took care of lower levels of management. The committees comprised eight to ten participants. In addition to the industrial physician, representatives of the affected employees participated in identifying all stress factors, physical responses to stress, and in finding improvements. In all three groups stress caused by time pressure and uncooperative colleagues was highest. Unfavourable environmental conditions were next, followed by heavy physical workload and accidents. (67929)

CIS 96-2118 Fatal injuries investigated by HM Agricultural Inspectorate 1995-1996. Health and Safety Executive, Field Operations Division, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 49p. Illus. (In English)

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This report presents and analyses statistics on fatal injuries occurring in the agricultural, forestry and associated industries in the United Kingdom during the period 1995/96. Details are provided of total fatalities, trends, cause and type of injury, and numbers of injuries by geographical area, employment status, month and age. Includes some accident descriptions and analyses of fatal and non-fatal injuries from 1986/87 to 1994/95. (67845)

CIS 96-2119 Maintaining a safe railway infrastructure. Health and Safety Executive, HM Railway Inspectorate, HM Railway Inspectorate, Rose Court, 2 Southwark Bridge, London SE1 9HS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1996. 34p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This report presents the findings of an investigation into the management systems put in place by Railtrack to secure the safety of Britain's national railway infrastructure. The focus is on the selection, monitoring and control of contractors. Weaknesses in the system are identified and recommendations and key actions required are put forward. (67967)

CIS 96-2120 CONCAWE Review 5:1. CONCAWE, Madouplein 1, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, Vol.5, No.1, Apr. 1996. 24p. Illus. (In English)

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Topics covered in this review of CONCAWE's activities include: development of the European Union Air Quality Framework Directive; air quality standards and ozone exposure; vehicle emissions and fuel specifications; alternative fuels for road transport; health and safety data on gas oils; European oil industry accident statistics; oil pipelines database enlargement. (68030)

CIS 96-2121 Occupational health and safety performance overviews, selected industries. Issue No.10 - Meat products industries. Foley G., Davis M., Worksafe Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, May 1996. viii, 24p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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This report highlights potential health and safety problem areas in the Australian meat products industries for 1993-94. Statistical data are analyzed by occupation, age group, nature and cause of the injury or disease, time of accident and compensation costs. The health and safety performance of these industries remains poor, showing little change from 1992-93 (see Issue No.3 of this series, CIS 95-1367). (67860)

CIS 96-2122 Child labour: Targeting the intolerable. (French: Le travail des enfants: l'intolérable en point de mire) ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1221 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1996. 123p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 15.00., ISBN 92-2-110328-5 (En), ISBN 92-2-210328-9 (fr) (In English, French)

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Report on child labour, prepared as a report to the 86th Session of the International Labour Conference. Only certain parts of the report are relevant to safety and health (only these are microfiched by CIS), in particular the following: hazardous work; national legislation concerning hazardous activities (prohibited employment); labour inspection issues; examples of projects to assist children in forced and hazardous work. Publication also available in Arabic, Chinese, German, Russian and Spanish. (68230)

CIS 96-2123 The industrial truck operator. (French: Le cariste) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1992, Vol.32, No.1. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to industrial truck operators: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (health problems affecting the spine, hearing, exposure to carbon monoxide) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France (including AFNOR standards); collective agreements; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: doctors should watch out for spine troubles and disturbances of the sensory system. (68225)

CIS 96-2124 The elevator (lift) installer. (French: Le monteur en ascenseurs) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1993, Vol.33, No.2. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to persons in charge of the installation of elevators (lifts): definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, products used, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (affecting the musculoskeletal system and the skin) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and blood disorders; drug addiction). (68226)

CIS 96-2125 The elevator (lift) serviceman. (French: L'agent de maintenance et de réparation d'ascenseurs) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1994, Vol.34, No.4. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to service personnel working on elevators (lifts): definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (musculoskeletal and skin problems) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (chronic and metabolic health conditions, poorly-controlled cardiovascular and neurological problems, drug addictions, musculoskeletal problems). (68227)

CIS 96-2126 The HVAC technician. (French: L'agent d'exploitation en génie climatique) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1992, Vol.32, No.4. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) technicians: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, products used, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures - safety plans, emergency preparedness, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: this is a job involving, in general, solitary work, high-level of technical knowledge and cognitive strain; it is recommended to provide postural training and to prepare plans for emergency response. (68228)

CIS 96-2127 Deer farming. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1996. 4p. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides practical advice on health and safety in deer farming. Topics covered: deer handling and restraint; using veterinary products and tranquillizers; removing antlers; managing stock stags and hinds at calving time; slaughter; precautions against disease; risks to the public. Replaces CIS 93-879. (68063)

CIS 96-2128 A guide to the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 14p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This booklet summarizes the main requirements of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 and explains who has duties under them. Outlines requirements for safe places of work, precautions against falls and falling objects, work on structures, excavations, traffic routes, prevention and control of emergencies, welfare facilities, training and inspection. (67813)

CIS 96-2129 Provision of welfare facilities at fixed construction sites. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1996. 3p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet describes the minimum welfare facilities which should be made available on fixed construction sites to comply with the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996. Guidance is given on the duties of the principal site contractor, planning the welfare arrangements, and the provision of toilets, washing facilities, arrangements for storing and changing clothing, rest facilities, drinking water and heating. (68066)

CIS 96-2130 The ready-to-wear garment trades in Paris. (French: Les métiers parisiens de la confection) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1994, Vol.34, No.2. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to ready-to-wear dress makers (cutters, machine operators, pressers, particularly those in the Paris area): definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (musculoskeletal and cardiovascular problems) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures - mostly relating to hand injuries); regulations applicable in France. Final remarks: it is the role of the occupational physician to provide guidance on the ergonomic layout of workplaces and the improvement of the thermal environment of ironing workers; it is also his/her responsibility to increase safety consciousness among cutters and machine operators, and to educate workers in proper handling techniques. (68229)

CIS 96-2131 Health surveillance - A ceramics industry booklet. Health and Safety Commission, Ceramics Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 19p. 22 ref. (In English)

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This booklet outlines the legal requirements for health surveillance in the ceramics industry and provides guidance on action to be taken. Includes a listing of potential hazards (harmful substances, noise, repetitive work) along with information on how and where the exposure may occur, possible health effects, and minimum health surveillance requirements. (67812)

CIS 96-2132 The janitor. (French: Le gardien d'immeuble) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1991, Vol.31, No.4. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to janitors: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, products used, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: it is recommended to diminish the physical workload, improve training and prepare a "safety booklet" (with essential safety and health information) for persons new to the job. (68211)

CIS 96-2133 The refuse collector. (French: Le ripeur) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1992, Vol.32, No.2. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to refuse (garbage) collectors: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, products used, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (aptitude advice). Final remarks: it is recommended not to jump off moving garbage trucks (dust lorries), to respect the local hygiene regulations and to develop cooperation between enterprises and local government. (68212)

CIS 96-2134 The veterinary assistant. (French: L'auxiliaire vétérinaire) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1992, Vol.32, No.3. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to veterinary assistants: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, machinery, products used, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, vaccination schedules, blood monitoring for toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age, specific first aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: it is recommended that the occupational physician should monitor first-aid recommendations, enforce vaccination schedules, and ensure the testing of radiological equipment, the wearing of protective equipment and the systematic use of restraining apparatus. (68213)

CIS 96-2135 The dental assistant. (French: L'assistante dentaire) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1993, Vol.33, No.1. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to dental assistants: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, products used, hand movements and postures, personal equipment; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, ionizing radiation, the physical workload, lighting conditions, the working hours, the mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures, environmental protection); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (work aptitude). Final remarks: it is recommended that each assistant have a specially adapted seat, that they be vaccinated against the infections they are exposed to and that they learn how to handle their own risks (in particular, those of infection). (68214)

CIS 96-2136 The sales assistant in newspaper, tobacco and gift shops [situated in train stations]. (French: Le vendeur en kiosque de librairie, tabac, cadeaux) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1993, Vol.33, No.3. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to assistants in small shops in train stations: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, normal activities, particular job environment, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the merchandise sold, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures); regulations applicable in France (no special legislation exists); particular health conditions to watch (work aptitude). Final remarks: it is recommended to improve the collaboration of the enterprises involved and to improve the workstations. (68215)

CIS 96-2137 The cashier. (French: La caissière de libre-service) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1994, Vol.34, No.1. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to cashiers in supermarkets: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, equipment, products handled, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: it is recommended for occupational physicians to monitor changing technologies as they affect the working conditions of cashiers. (68216)

CIS 96-2138 The dental technician. (French: Le prothésiste dentaire) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1994, Vol.34, No.3. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to dental technicians: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: products used, production techniques, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, risks of infection, mental workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures); regulations applicable in France. Final remarks: this work requires a heavy postural and visual workload and a significant amount of personal protection. The actual risks due to exposure to atmospheric contaminants at the workplace are usually underestimated by the workers because of the slow development of clinical symptoms. (68217)

CIS 96-2139 The dry-cleaning worker. (French: L'employé(e) de pressing) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1995, Vol.35, No.1. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to dry-cleaning workers: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: equipment, products handled, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with lighting, the thermal environment and toxic substances); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: particular attention must be paid to the products used, in light of the provisions of the Montreal Protocol on chlorinated hydrocarbons. (68218)

CIS 96-2140 The waiter/waitress. (French: Le serveur en restauration) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1995, Vol.35, No.2. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to waiters and waitresses: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (mostly those affecting the musculoskeletal system) and accidents (falls, cuts); prevention of hazards (collective, personal (wearing highly adhering shoes)); regulations applicable in France. Final remarks: ergonomic recommendations for improving the layout of restaurants; training in hygiene and in the correct handling of trays, cutlery etc. (68219)

CIS 96-2141 The sewer worker. (French: Le travail en égout) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1995, Vol.35, No.3. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to sewer workers: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: products used, working methods, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the working hours, the mental workload (claustrophobia, fear of rodents and insects)); occupational diseases (infectious, parasitic and musculoskeletal diseases) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal (vaccinations recommended)), OSH measures, specific first-aid measures (presence of a qualified first-aider recommended, first-aid kit should be present in the vehicles); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (when checking for work aptitude, taking into consideration the demands of the job (carrying heavy loads; work in a confined, humid and unhealthy underground environment)). (68220)

CIS 96-2142 The retail store demonstrator. (French: La démonstratrice) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1995, Vol.35, No.4. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to demonstrators (sales people demonstrating a new product/brand in supermarkets, department stores etc.): definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (nervous fatigue, blood circulation problems, backache) and accidents (falls and slips); prevention of hazards (collective, personal, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: working conditions vary a great deal among products and shops, which makes the task of the occupational physician difficult. (68221)

CIS 96-2143 The after-sales service technician. (French: Le technicien de service après-vente) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1996, Vol.36, No.1. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to after-sales service technicians: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (musculoskeletal, skin, allergic, respiratory, neuropsychological, liver and kidney complaints) and accidents (traffic acccidents, falls, injuries); prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures, specific first-aid measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch (health conditions to take into consideration for aptitude evaluation). Final remarks: the trend for this occupation, originally of a technical nature, is to require more commercial skills. (68222)

CIS 96-2144 The laboratory technician working in cytology and histology laboratories. (French: La laborantine en cytologie-histologie) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1996, Vol.36, No.2. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to laboratory technicians: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the workload); occupational diseases and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal); regulations applicable in France. (68223)

CIS 96-2145 The chambermaid. (French: La femme de chambre) Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 1996, Vol.36, No.3. Insert. (In French)

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Contents of this occupational data sheet devoted to chambermaids in hotels: definition; characteristics of the occupation; description of activities: normal work areas, tools, equipment, machinery, working methods, hand movements and postures; risks and stresses of the job (connected with the environment, the equipment, the products used, the working hours, the physical and mental workload); occupational diseases (including, theoretically, infectious diseases) and accidents; prevention of hazards (collective, personal, OSH measures); regulations applicable in France; particular health conditions to watch. Final remarks: this kind of work must be properly organized, job tasks must be delimited, room layout and cleaning equipment must be ergonomically designed and personnel must be properly trained. (68224)

CIS 96-2146 Safety in broadcasting sports events. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1996. 2p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet gives general guidance for broadcasting activities at sports grounds. The advice is directed at pitch-side filming and events with high-level commentary boxes or observation platforms within a stadium complex. Contents: hazards and risk assessment; precautionary measures for access and egress routes, fire hazards, working at heights, crowd violence, use of pitch-side cameras and noise. (68067)

CIS 96-2147 Violence to workers in broadcasting. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1996. 2p. 1 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides guidance on dealing with violent or aggressive behaviour for workers in broadcasting. Contents: potential hazards during broadcasting or filming; risk assessment; precautionary measures during public disorders or civil disturbance; dealing with a violent confrontation; the consequences of violence and the need for counselling and stress management; reporting violent incidents. (68068)

CIS 96-2148 Smoke and vapour effects used in entertainment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1996. 2p. 6 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides advice on the safe use of smoke and vapour effects which use dry ice, oil mist, glycol or mineral oil smoke, or pyrotechnic smoke effects. Contents: potential hazards (freeze burns, skin irritation, asphyxiation, obscuring visibility); compliance with exposure standards; risk assessment; preventing and controlling exposure; use of personal protection; minimizing risks to the audience. (68069)

CIS 96-2149 Working with animals in entertainment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1996. 2p. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides advice for production activities involving animals on stage, in a studio or on location. Potential hazards are identified (bites, stings, kicking or crushing, infection, allergy, exposure to harmful veterinary products), legal requirements for risk assessment are outlined and basic precautionary measures are suggested. (68070)

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CIS 96-2150 Computer-aided ergonomics and safety - A challenge for integrated ergonomics. Mattila M., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.17, p.309-314. 25 ref. (In English)

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This study is an overview of the applications of computer-aided design (CAD) to the field of ergonomics, in order also to improve the quality of safety. There are many CAD applications in the area of ergonomics, but there is potential for its even more extensive use in everyday practice. European Union requirements in this area are mentioned as well as other aspects such as product and work system simulation and computer models of human beings. (67898)

CIS 96-2151 Approaches to the evaluation of the effectiveness and reliability of research-production complexes. Ambartsumian K. A., International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.1, No.4, p.374-376. 2 ref. (In English)

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This brief article considers the principles to optimize CINT (creation and implementation of new technology) processes. Each stage of the latter (research, design, technology, organization and production) may be presented in graphic form, in order to describe algorithms of functioning and determine total values characterizing process effectiveness in research production complexes. (68050)

CIS 96-2152 Categories of large-scale containment for manufacturing processes with recombinant organisms. Turner M.K., In: Biotechnology and genetic engineering reviews (Volume 7) (editors: Russell G.E. & Tombs M.P.), Intercept Ltd., P.O. Box 716, Andover, Hants SP101YG, United Kingdom, 1989 (ISBN 0-946707-22-7, price: GBP 95.00), p.1-43. Illus. 61 ref. (In English)

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Chapter 1 of a major collection of articles on advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Contents: relevant discussions in the Robens' Report (1972) on safety at work, at the Gordon Research Conference on Nucleic Acids held in the US in 1973 and at the Asimolar Conference on recombinant DNA molecules (1975); the 1986 OECD Guidelines for recombinant DNA safety practices (see also CIS 87-550); definitions of containment systems (open and closed (primary and secondary containment) systems; containment of micro-organisms; temporal and biological containment); closed systems in practice; standards of primary and secondary containment; containment in open systems which "minimize release"; comparison of OECD, US and UK guidelines; validation of containment; classification of organisms and processes by categories. (67882)

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CIS 96-2153 Health problems associated with hardwood dust. Beardmore D., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1996, Vol.14, No.7, p.21-25. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A range of detrimental effects of hardwood dust is reported in this review. These effects include: skin allergies, respiratory tract changes (impairment of nasal clearance and asthma), cancers (sino-nasal cancers, possibly ethmoidal bone cancer, Hodgkin's disease, lung cancer and leukaemia), poisonings (a list of toxic effects by wood species is given) etc. The need for appropriate preventive measures, including the wearing of respiratory protective equipment, is emphasized. A personal sampling device of wood dusts is described. (67861)

CIS 96-2154 Occupational asbestos exposure in the removal and protective treatment of asbestos cement roof coverings. (Italian: Esposizione professionale ad amianto in operazioni di rimozione o trattamento conservativo di coperture in eternit) Maino A., Gianelle F., Onida F., Albiero S., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1995, Vol.86, No.6, p.546-554. Illus. 6 ref. (In Italian)

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This study reports results of occupational asbestos exposure monitoring during the removal and protective treatment of asbestos cement roofs in the province of Varese (northern Italy). The concentration of asbestos fibres which can be inhaled by operators was assayed by phase-contrast microscopy and electronic microscopic analyses: the latter showed the presence of mixtures of chrysotile and amosite in varying proportions. The asbestos fibres can be released also from fragments produced during unskilled handling of cement materials and therefore can be inhaled later on as well. It is essential that personal protective equipment be supplied and used during these operations. (67888)

CIS 96-2155 Mortality for cancer and other causes in asbestos cement workers in Casale Monferrato (Italy). (Italian: Mortalità per tumori e altre cause tra i lavoratori del cemento-amianto a Casale Monferrato) Magnani C., Terracini B., Ivaldi C., Mancini A., Botta M., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1966, Vol.87, No.2, p.133-146. 28 ref. (In Italian)

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This report updates a previous cohort study on the mortality of workers in the largest Italian asbestos cement plant (see CIS 89-1856). The plant had been active in Casale Monferrato (Piedmont) from 1907 to 1986. Raw material included both chrysotile and crocidolite, but not amosite. Airborne asbestos concentrations were measured for the first time in 1971 (over 20 fibres/cm³ in most areas). Regular monitoring started in 1978, when the concentrations in most samples were below 1 fibre/cm³. The cohort included 3367 blue-collar workers, employed between 1950 and 1980. At the end of the follow-up in 1993, 57% were alive, 41% were dead and 2% were lost or had moved abroad. Mortality rates were compared with local rates in the region. Both sexes showed a statistically significant increase in mortality for lung cancer, malignant neoplasm of the pleura and the peritoneum, and asbestosis. No excesses were observed for laryngeal or digestive tract cancers. Women showed a statistically significant increase in malignant neoplasms of the ovary and the uterus. Mortality from lung cancer increased with latency and, in men, showed the highest standard mortality rate after 10 years of employment. A review of epidemiological studies on mortality among asbestos cement workers is also included. (67897)

CIS 96-2156 Does the wearing of sampling pumps affect exposure?. Cherrie J.W., Lynch G., Bord B.S., Heathfield P., Cowie H., Robertson A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.38, No.6, p.827-838. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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Paper describing a controlled pilot study designed to test the hypothesis that the wearing of personal sampling pumps may affect workers' exposure. Comparisons were made using pump-based systems and diffusive samplers to measure organic vapours. Diffusive samplers were chosen as controls due to the fact that they are less bulky and therefore less likely to affect behaviour. A carefully constructed sampling strategy, involving measurements on 13 to 20 workers on six working days, was used at five sites. On alternative days both sampling methods were used, side-by-side, on the workers and on the remaining days only diffusive samplers were worn. The sites chosen had minimal day-to-day variation in environmental conditions. Results showed that at one site the concentrations were approximately 50% higher on the days when pumps were worn compared with other days. At the remaining sites no significant differences were found. From the characteristics of the work at the site where differences were observed it is suggested that pumps may affect measured concentrations when people have flexible work patterns and spend part of their time seated and/or the work is in quiet areas. (67921)

CIS 96-2157 A review of the durability of inhaled fibres and options for the design of safer fibres. Searl A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.38, No.6, p.839-855. 67 ref. (In English)

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The hazards associated with inhaled fibres are linked with fibre shape, size, composition and durability. In general the asbestos minerals are more durable than most man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF), although some ceramic fibres may be more durable than chrysotile. The most soluble of the MMVF have relatively high alkali (Na and K) and alkali earth (Ca, Mg) contents, and low alumina and boron contents. The least soluble MMVF are the high alumina silicate glasses (the ceramic fibres). The relative durability of different fibre types is governed by the physical and chemical environment which contains the fibres. The effective assessment of fibre durability is an important aspect in fibre safety and requires the development of better and more coordinated experimental design. It may ultimately be possible to design vitreous fibres which have low durabilities in the lung but are adequately durable in the intended environment of use. (67922)

CIS 96-2158 Field performance of a new design of a total inhalable dust sampling head. Marley K.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.38, No.6, p.895-902. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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The performance of an open-faced, total inhalable dust, sampling head incorporating a 13mm dia. filter was compared with the 25mm dia. seven-hole sampling head recommended by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for total inhalable dust sampling. Side-by-side static measurements were carried out in a pharmaceutical factory using six sampling heads of each design. The results did not show a significant difference between the performance of the two designs when used as static samplers at low ambient air velocities. The 13mm dia. total inhalable dust sampling head has some practical advantages over the larger 25mm dia. seven-hole sampling head both in use and in worker acceptability. However, further studies are necessary to validate its performance as an inhalable dust sampler. (67923)

CIS 96-2159 Airborne aerosols in application of polyfluoro polymer-based ski waxes. Liesivuori J., Kiviranta H., Laitinen J., Hesso A., Hämeilä M., Tornaeus J., Pfäffli P., Savolainen H., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.38, No.6, p.931-937. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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During the heat-assisted application (160-190°C) of polyfluoro polymer-based ski waxes, the aerosol given off amounted to 4.26±2.80mg/m³ (±SD, N=5) in personal air samples and 3.97±2.09mg/m³ (±SD, N=5) in stationary samples. The major part (85%) of the aerosol was respirable. Inorganic fluoride was found only in trace amounts while the mass chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of fluorine-containing aliphatic chains. It seems that the exposure to fluoro compounds is high enough to contribute to respiratory symptoms experienced by waxers. The work should be carried out under well ventilated fume cupboards of the waxers should wear respiratory protection during the active application of the waxes. (67924)

CIS 96-2160 Determination of the variability in elemental composition of asbestos fibres by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Clark N.E., Verma D.K., Julian J.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1995, Vol.39, No.1, p.79-88. Illus. 16 ref. (In English)

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An investigation was carried out to assess the variability in the elemental composition of asbestos fibres as determined using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) attached to an analytical transmission electron microscope. UICC reference standards of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite asbestos were analyzed at five locations along the length of each fibre to observe within- and between-fibre variability. A total of 355 analyses were carried out on 71 fibres. No statistically significant differences were found among the results obtained at the various locations along each fibre. (67928)

CIS 96-2161 Lung retention of cerium in humans. Pairon J.C., Roos F., Iwatsubo Y., Janson X., Billon-Galland M.A., Bignon J., Brochard P., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.195-199. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate lung retention of particles containing cerium in subjects with and without previous occupational exposure to mineral dusts. Analytical transmission electron microscopy was performed on samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and of lung tissue. The proportion of subjects with particles containing cerium in their biological samples was not different between controls and subjects with previous occupational exposure to fibrous or non-fibrous mineral dusts. This was considered as the background level of lung retention of cerium in the general population. By contrast, determination of the absolute concentration of particles containing cerium in BAL fluid and lung tissue samples showed that 1.2% (from lung tissue) of subjects with previous exposure to mineral particles had high lung retention of particles containing cerium. This study is believed to be the first one in which lung retention of cerium was estimated in the general population. (68105)

CIS 96-2162 Retention patterns of asbestos fibres in lung tissue among asbestos cement workers. Albin M., Pooley F.D., Strömberg U., Attewell R., Mitha R., Johansson L., Welinder H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.205-211. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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Retention patterns in lung tissue (determined by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry) of chrysotile, tremolite, and crocidolite fibres were analyzed in 69 dead asbestos cement workers and 96 referents. Collected data indicate that chrysotile has a relatively rapid turnover in human lungs, whereas the amphiboles, tremolite and crocidolite, have a slower turnover. Further, chrysotile retention may be dependent on dose rate. Chrysotile and crocidolite deposition and retention may be increased by tobacco smoking; chrysotile and tremolite by fibrosis. (68106)

CIS 96-2163 Silica dust exposure and lung cancer. Koskela R.S., Klockars M., Laurent H., Holopainen M., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.407-416. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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This study evaluated the possibility of a direct association between silica dust exposure and lung cancer. Cancer morbidity and mortality were followed in 1940-1989 in a cohort of 1,026 granite workers employed at three main sites in Finland and compared with that of census-based target populations from the same regions. The cytotoxicity of different granite fractions and their capacity to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human leucocytes were studied in vitro. The cancer morbidity and mortality figures of the three different granite areas, combined with the found differences in biological activity of granite dusts and a hypothesis that there is a cancer-inducing mechanism for ROS, point to a direct role for quartz in cancer induction. (68121)

CIS 96-2164 Changes in ventilatory function in grain processing and animal feed workers in relation to exposure to organic dust. Tielemans E., Heederik D., van Pelt W., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.435-443. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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Data from a cross-sectional study on 390 male workers in the animal feed industry in the Netherlands were analyzed, in order to investigate acute and chronic effects of organic dust on lung parenchyma and function. A multivariate technique was used to facilitate a more comprehensive description of relationships between several indices of organic dust exposure and ventilatory function as a whole, and a comparison of these effects among non smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. The major finding of this study was an independent effect of overall mean organic dust exposure and the number of years of organic dust exposure. The effect of current organic dust exposure was more evident for nonsmokers than for ex-smokers and current smokers. (68123)

CIS 96-2165 Atrazine and/or triazine herbicides exposure and cancer: An epidemiologic review. Neuberger J.S., Journal of Agromedicine, 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.9-30. 18 ref. (In English)

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Ten case studies concerning exposure to atrazines and/or triazines and cancer in occupational (agricultural) settings are summarized. Based on the limited data available, there is no convincing evidence of a causal association between atrazine and/or triazine and colon cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma or leukaemia. There is a suggestion of a possible association between these compounds and ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. While animal studies indicate that atrazine is a potential human carcinogen, current epidemiologic evidence is not conclusive. (67821)

CIS 96-2166 Experimental and numerical studies on the impact of work practices used to control exposures occurring in booth-type hoods. Flynn M.R., Lackey B.D., Muthedath P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.469-475. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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Wind-tunnel experiments using a mannequin and tracer gas techniques were carried out to measure differences in breathing zone concentrations for two configurations representing two work practices for the same task: worker in front of the airflow, and worker sideways to the airflow in a booth-type hood. Smoke-wire, flow-visualization techniques were used to correlate the exposures with airflow patterns. Numerical predictions using computational fluid dynamics were in reasonable agreement with measured values and correctly identified the preferred worker position. The technique may be used to estimate the impact of individual work practices on worker exposure. (67856)

CIS 96-2167 Closed-circuit apparatus for specific inhalation challenges with an occupational agent, formaldehyde, in vapor form. Lemière C., Cloutier Y., Perrault G., Drolet D., Cartier A., Malo J.L., Chest, June 1996, Vol.109, No.6, p.1631-1635. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Since occupational agents responsible for asthma are frequently present in the workplace as vapours, an apparatus was developed for bronchial provocation tests on subjects exposed to formaldehyde and other chemicals in vapour form. This apparatus was assessed in four subjects suspected of having formaldehyde-induced asthma or alveolitis. The instrument consists of four parts: a gas generator, an exposure chamber, a monitor and an automated regulatory system. The concentrations of formaldehyde were increased from 0.5-1mg/m³ to 3mg/m³, without overshooting the concentration of 3mg/m³ (STEL in Canada). It was observed that target concentrations took a few minutes to be reached, but, once they were obtained, delivered concentrations were stable. The described method should be further validated and extended to other occupational agents. (67883)

CIS 96-2168 Relationship between exposure to environmental toxic factors and motoneuron disease: A case report. (Italian: Rapporto tra l'esposizione a fattori tossici ambientali e malattia del neurone di moto: osservazioni su un caso) Vanacore N., Corsi L., Fabrizio E., Bonifati V., Meco G., Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1995, Vol.86, No.6, p.522-533. 50 ref. (In Italian)

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The analysis of one case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is reported. Due to the fact that the patient had worked as a solderer for about 15 years, while being exposed to metal fumes (including lead) and solvents from varnishes, it is suggested that there is a direct relationship between these exposures and his subsequent motor-neuron disease. This interpretation is supported by other literature data, which are reviewed and discussed. (67887)

CIS 96-2169 Assessment of agricultural pesticides for potential carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity. (Italian: Antiparassitari agricoli valutati per potenziali effetti cancerogeni, mutageni e tossico-riproduttivi) Petrelli G., Mucci N., Siepi G., Pace F., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1996, Vol.87, No.2, p.110-121. 23 ref. (In Italian)

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The aim of this study was to present a review of core information issued by Italian and international sources on the toxicity of pesticide products used in Italy. A comprehensive table on the carcinogenic, mutagenic and anti-fertility effects of active ingredients and their concentration ranges in commercially available products, as given by the Commissione Consultiva Tossicologica Nazionale (CCTN, an Italian toxicological agency), the European Union, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), together with CAS numbers, is presented. This information can be useful for the carrying out of risk assessments of the listed pesticides and their solvents in occupationally exposed populations. (67895)

CIS 96-2170 Estimating the contribution of individual work tasks to room concentration: Method applied to embalming. Bennet J.S., Feigley C.E., Underhill D.W., Drane W., Payne T.A., Stewart P.A., Herrick R.F., Utterback D.F., Hayes R.B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.599-609. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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An approach for estimating emission rates from continuous concentration data was applied to formaldehyde measurements during 25 embalmings. Exposure evaluation of individual work tasks contributing to the formaldehyde concentration in the workroom was analyzed by means of a mathematical model. The largest contributions were found for specific embalming tasks. The ranking and characterization of these emissions may be used to identify those work tasks that require the application of control measures and the determination of exposure limits most likely to be exceeded. (68041)

CIS 96-2171 The relationships between urinary elimination, airborne concentration, and radioactive hand contamination for workers exposed to uranium. Yu R.C., Sherwood R.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.615-620. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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This study was based on records taken from a gaseous diffusion plant for enriching natural uranium in 1956. The relationship between uranium concentration in workers' urine and the concentration of uranium dust and the incidence of hand contamination was investigated. The workers eliminated uranium at relatively constant rates per unit air concentration (0.67 to 1.27µg/L per µg/m³). In addition to airborne uranium, hand contamination significantly contributed to the elimination among maintenance crew, but not among production workers. (68042)

CIS 96-2172 Errors in derivations of the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation for predicting carboxyhemoglobin. Smith S.R., Steinberg S., Gaydos J.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.621-625. 28 ref. (In English)

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This study is an investigation of derivations of the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (CFKE, for original derivation see NIOSH publication HMS 73-11000, see CIS 73-530) for predicting carboxyhaemoglobin levels. Errors in different derivations of the equation are identified and the effect of the errors is discussed in view of the relevance to control carbon monoxide production inside military vehicles. (68043)

CIS 96-2173 A screening method for occupational reproductive health risk. Jankovic J., Drake F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.641-649. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of this study was to provide a reproductive health risk assessment for a large number of chemicals (213). Searching the literature for no observed adverse effect levels and lowest observed adverse effect levels for the reproductive toxicants, occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) were developed in the dose-response evaluation step. The majority of the chemicals (85%) have had a screening level dose-response assessment completed. Of these, 13% are greater than or equal to a threshold limit value (TLV). The remaining 87% do not have a TLV or ORGs below the TLV. (68046)

CIS 96-2174 Chemical safety information for developing countries. Takala J., Science of the Total Environment, 1996, No.188, Suppl. 1, p.S111-S129. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

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Survey of the hazards due to exposure to chemicals in developing countries, with particular attention paid to recent studies conducted in Africa and Thailand. Different types of chemical hazard are ranked by order of importance. Discussion of the role of information in reducing chemical hazards, with emphasis on the following information systems: harmonized labelling systems; chemical safety data sheets in locally understandable languages and formats; large-scale transfer of information within information networks; new methods for the collection, processing and dissemination of information (microcomputers, CD-ROMs etc.). The particular role of the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS) of the International Labour Office (ILO) is stressed. (68117)

CIS 96-2175 Familial clusters of green tobacco sickness. McKnight R.H., Koetke C.A., Donnelly C., Journal of Agromedicine, 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.51-59. 26 ref. (In English)

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Three case studies are presented of clusters of three to five members of an immediate or extended family who became ill after working together on tobacco farms in Kentucky, USA. Symptoms included vomiting, nausea, weakness, dizziness, pallor, headache and diaphoresis. Factors contributing to the clustering of green tobacco sickness in this area include the predominance of family-based work crews, manual harvesting methods involving considerable dermal contact with the tobacco plants, and the high nicotine content of the tobacco. (67823)

CIS 96-2176 Sensitizing and irritant properties of 3 environmental classes of diesel oil and their indicator dyes. Fischer T., Bjarnason B., Contact Dermatitis, May 1996, Vol.34, No.5, p.309-315. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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Three dyes (Solvent Yellow 124 and Solvent Blue 79 or Solvent Blue 98) were added to diesel oils in Sweden for identification of their particular uses in late 1993. Thirty-six men reporting skin disease supposedly caused by dyes had irritant reactions, irritant contact dermatitis or exacerbation of other skin disease. Tests on 15 individuals from this group and 20 healthy volunteers failed to demonstrate contact allergy or contact urticaria to the dyes or dyed diesel oil. Patch tests with dyes in pet. did not cause irritation. Tests of irritant properties of the diesel oils showed that: a) the old type of oil, with high viscosity, high content of aromatic compounds and moderately high sulfur content, caused little irritation, and b) newer, lighter qualities of diesel oil, with low concentrations of aromatic compounds and low sulfur content, which cause less pollution to the environment when burnt, were significantly more irritant to the skin and probably a cause of the skin problems. (67931)

CIS 96-2177 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and airborne contact dermatitis from 5 fungicides in a vineyard worker - Cross-reactions between fungicides of the dithiocarbamate group?. Koch P., Contact Dermatitis, May 1996, Vol.34, No.5, p.324-329. 36 ref. (In English)

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In February 1995, a case of a vineyard worker with occupational contact dermatitis due to sensitization to mancozeb and perhaps metiram was reported. Patch testing showed strong allergic reactions to two of the commercially available preparations used. Further patch tests showed allergic reactions to mancozeb (0.5 and 1% pet.), a weak reaction to metiram (1% pet.), as well as to four other fungicides of the dithiocarbamate group (maneb, nabam, propineb and zineb), which had never been used in the vineyard. (67932)

CIS 96-2178 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants. Lamminpää A., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Kanerva L., Contact Dermatitis, May 1996, Vol.34, No.5, p.330-335. 35 ref. (In English)

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Twelve cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants were diagnosed in a 14-year period. The patients were middle-aged and their average exposure time was 13 years. The plant families and pants causing allergic contact dermatitis were: Compositae (5 patients; chrysanthemum, elecampane, gerbera, feverfew), Alstroemeriaceae (5 patients; alstroemeria), Liliaceae (4 patients; tulip, hyacinth), Amaryllidaceae (2 patients; narcissus) and Caryophyllaceae (2 patients; carnation, cauzeflower). The known chemical allergens causing dermatitis were tuliposide-A and sesquiterpene lactones in the Compositae and Liliaceae families. Seven of the 12 patients were able to continue their work. The other five were not because of severe relapses of skin symptoms. The plant allergen and extract series currently available are of great help in the diagnosis. (67933)

CIS 96-2179 Occupational vitiligo following allergic contact dermatitis. Riordan A.T., Nahass G.T., Contact Dermatitis, May 1996, Vol.34, No.5, p.371-372. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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Occupational leukoderma may be clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic vitiligo. The case of a 40-year old fire fighter is reported. He had a previous history of localized vitiligo and thiuram contact sensitivity, and developed dermatitis due to contact with fire-fighting gear. Widespread depigmentation developed in areas affected by the dermatitis, suggesting that the progression of his vitiligo was precipitated by allergic contact dermatitis. This contrasts with previous reports of repigmentation in patients with vitiligo after allergic contact dermatitis. It is possible that the heat and sweat of fire-fighting released chemical depigmenting agents from protective clothing, initiating both the dermatitis and its progression to vitiligo. The lack of reaction to protective clothing on patch testing suggests that these materials were biologically unavailable under normal conditions. (67935)

CIS 96-2180 Chromium allergy in consecutive patients in a country where ferrous sulfate has been added to cement since 1981. Zachariae C.O.C., Agner T., Menné T., Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1996, Vol.35, No.2, p.83-85. 10 ref. (In English)

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Cement eczema used to be a common occupational disease in Denmark. Since 1981, ferrous sulfate has been added to all cement produced in Denmark to reduce the amount of soluble hexavalent chromate to below 2mg/kg (2ppm). The aim of this study was to analyze a sample of consecutive chromate-sensitive patients in an urban tertiary referral centre with respect to primary cause of sensitization, in a geographical area where the risk of chromate exposure from cement had been reduced. In the 6-year period January 1989 to December 1994, a total of 4,511 patients were patch tested with the European standard series, including chromate. Seventy nine patients were diagnosed as chromate sensitive. Relevant chromate exposure was established in 34 of these patients. Leather was the most frequent source of chromate sensitization (47%). Chromate sensitization from cement was considered likely in 10 out of 34 subjects. Of these, seven had been sensitized before 1981, two had been sensitized by non-occupational exposure to cements, and only one had been sensitized from occupational cement exposure in the 6-year period. (67936)

CIS 96-2181 Contact dermatitis among cashew nut workers. Diógenes M.J.N., Morais S.M., Carvalho F.F., Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1996, Vol.35, No.2, p.114-115. 14 ref. (In English)

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Anacardic acid and cardol, the main cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) components are the main cause of occupational contact dermatitis in cashew nut workers, acting as both irritants and sensitizers. A study was carried out at the Cashew Nut Exportation Company of Fortaleza, Brazil. The workers, all female, were interviewed and examined. Those with hand dermatitis were selected for patch testing with a standard and an additional series. The following additional substances were applied: cardol, cardanol, o-methyl-cardanol, anacardic acid, and hydrogenated cardanol, all at 1% and 2% pet. Readings were made at four days. Ten control subjects were also tested. The results confirm the sensitizing power of cardol and indicate that positivity to cardol is present only in patients who touch natural CNSL before it is heated. (67937)

CIS 96-2182 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Kanerva L., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1996, Vol.35, No.3, p.157-162. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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About 1,000 patients were investigated for occupational skin disease in Finland during 1991-1995. Five of them had occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. The patients were chefs or kitchen, coffee room and restaurant workers. All patients had hand dermatitis. The causative spices were garlic, cinnamon, ginger, allspice and clove. The same patients also had allergic patch test reactions to some food, such as tomato, lettuce and carrot. Paprika elicited a weak allergic patch test reaction in two patients. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices is relatively rare, but needs to be taken into consideration in patients who have hand dermatitis and work with spices and food. Patch testing with spices as is is useful, but testing with dilutions in pet. may be needed to confirm that the patch test reactions are allergic. Patients also need to be prick tested with spices and food. (67938)

CIS 96-2183 Transient re-emergence of oil of turpentine allergy in the pottery industry. Lear J.T., Heagerty A.H.M., Tan B.B., Smith A.G., English J.S.C., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1996, Vol.35, No.3, p.169-172. 16 ref. (In English)

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Allergy to oil of turpentine has diminished largely due to the use of cheaper substitutes in many occupations. This study reports 24 cases of hand dermatitis in pottery workers involved in ceramic decoration, namely paintresses, liners, gilders, enamellers and a fine china painter, seen in a 6-month period following a change from Portuguese to Indonesian turpentine, of whom 14 were sensitive to Indonesian turpentine, eight to α-pinene, four to delta-3-carene and two to turpentine peroxides. Turpentine allergy continues to be a problem in the pottery industry and is more common than allergy to the heavy metals of the colours used in ceramic decoration. Reversion to Portuguese turpentine seems to have alleviated the problem. (67939)

CIS 96-2184 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from sunflower. Gómez E., García R., Galindo P.A., Feo F., Fernández F.J., Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1996, Vol.35, No.3, p.189-190. 8 ref. (In English)

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A 62-year old cowherd, with a previous history of hay fever, presented forehead dermatitis of two months standing. He had frequently handled cattle fodder over the previous six months and was also exposed to Helianthus (sunflower) plants while taking care of the livestock. Topical corticosteroids gave complete relief with rapid relapse when stopped. He was patch tested with the European standard series, an additional Compositae plant series, a cosmetics series, Helianthus pollen, the cattle fodder (composed of sunflower plants) and sunflower leaves. Only sunflower leaves and the cattle fodder gave positive results. The leaves were tested in seven controls with negative results. The patient showed negative prick tests to sunflower pollen. Specific Ig E for pollens was positive, whereas total Ig E was normal. (67940)

CIS 96-2185 Lung cancer mortality among workers in formaldehyde industries. Callas P.W., Pastides H., Hosmer D.W., Sterling T.D., Weinkam J.J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.747-750. 28 ref. (In English)

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Data from a National Cancer Institute (USA) study of workers exposed to formaldehyde are reanalyzed and discrepancies between this and earlier analyses are discussed. Despite different types of analysis and data management choices, most studies conducted using this dataset have found a similar pattern of results: a small, usually nonsignificant, elevated risk of lung cancer for some subsets of workers exposed to formaldehyde, but no clear dose-response relationship across cumulative exposure categories. A response by earlier researchers agrees with this conclusion and emphasizes the dubious role of confidence intervals and significance testing in scientific decision making. (68011)

CIS 96-2186 Study of employees with anhydride-induced respiratory disease after removal from exposure. Grammer L.C., Shaughnessy M.A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.771-774. 21 ref. (In English)

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A 4-year surveillance study was conducted on 28 workers who had developed an immunologic respiratory disease following exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride and who had been removed from exposure for at least one year. Diseases included asthma, haemorrhagic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. Clinical evaluation and immunologic studies showed that none of the individuals with haemorrhagic rhinitis or allergic rhinitis had symptoms or physical findings of their original diagnosis at follow-up. Only one employee was on medication for mild asthma, and no employee had spirometry consistent with asthma at follow-up. There was also a general decline in antibody levels at follow-up. (68015)

CIS 96-2187 A study of lung function and chest radiographs in men exposed to zirconium compounds. Marcus R.L., Turner S., Cherry N.M., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.109-113. 8 ref. (In English)

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Chest radiographs and lung function measurements were carried out from 1975 to 1988 among 178 men potentially exposed to low levels of zirconium compounds (mainly <10mg/m³) at one site in the north of England. Cumulative exposure was estimated from job title and likely exposures in each era. No evidence was found that zirconium exposure resulted in abnormal chest radiographs or impaired pulmonary function. (68021)

CIS 96-2188 Serum laminin, hydrocarbon exposure, and glomerular damage. Hotz P., Thielemans N., Bernard A., Gutzwiller F., Lauwerys R., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1104-1110. 30 ref. (In English)

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It has been postulated that occupational exposure to hydrocarbons may damage the kidney and lead to glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure. As laminin is a ubiquitous basement membrane component that seems to play a central part in the structure and function of basement membranes and as the normal renal filtration process is highly dependent on an intact glomerular basement membrane, the serum laminin concentration was examined in a population of workers exposed to hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon exposure was assessed by exposure surrogates (exposure duration and exposure score). An interaction between occupational exposure to hydrocarbons and hypertension increased the laminin concentration whereas the laminin concentration decreased in workers exposed for a long time probably because of a selection effect. In a subgroup of printers exposed to toluene whose hippuric acid excretion had been recorded for several years this interaction was confirmed when the hippuric acid excretion was substituted for the other exposure indices. In the exposed group, the age-related decline in creatinine clearance was accelerated. These results seem to confirm that occupational exposure to hydrocarbons is a non-specific factor that may promote a deterioration of renal function. (68039)

CIS 96-2189 Occupational exposure to water based paint and symptoms from the skin and eyes. Wieslander G., Norbäck D., Edling C., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.181-186. 18 ref. (In English)

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Water-base paints contain organic solvents and many additives, some of them in small quantities. This complexity can lead to many new hazards in house painters, particularly of an allergic and irritative nature. This case-control study compares the health status of painters who have used water-base and oil-base paints, in order to find out if exposure to water-base paints increases the risks of mucous membrane and skin symptoms. It is shown that the introduction of water-base paints has actually improved the working environment of house painters, and that these paints cause less discomfort and airways irritation than the earlier solvent-based paints. Some dermal symptoms, however, might be due to exposure to components of water-base paints. (68103)

CIS 96-2190 Pesticide poisonings in the lawn care and tree service industries. Gadon M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.794-799. 12 ref. (In English)

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28 cases of suspected or confirmed pesticide poisonings among lawn care and tree service workers reported to the New York State Pesticide Poisoning Registry from 1990 to 1993 are reviewed. The most common classes of pesticide applied were organophosphates (71%) and herbicides (43%). Approximately 70% of the affected workers experienced some symptoms around the time of exposure, in particular, neuromuscular symptoms. 19 of the 24 workers tested had significant depression of serum cholinesterase activity. Data suggest that exposure was not completely controlled by use of protective measures, possibly because of inadequate training or poor compliance with training procedures. (68018)

CIS 96-2191 Occupational dermatoses in a Swedish aircraft plant. Bruze M., Edenholm M., Engström K., Svensson G., Contact Dermatitis, May 1996, Vol.34, No.5, p.336-340. 24 ref. (In English)

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A survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination and patch testing, was carried out among 341 workers in a Swedish aircraft plant. The questionnaire was answered by 330 workers (96.8%). Present or previous skin disease was reported by 92 employees, who were all subjected to physical examination and patch testing. Patch testing was conducted with a standard series, as well as with a series of substances and products representing the work environment, including anticorrosion paints, adhesives, sealants and detergents. Occupational contact allergies were established in 12 employees. In total, the figure for occupational skin diseases was 16.1% (55 workers), when calculated for all employees. (67934)

CIS 96-2192 Analysis of response parameters in small and medium-size plants using high-quality steel welders as an example. (German: Analyse von Beanspruchungsparametern in Klein- und Mittelbetrieben am Beispiel von Edelstahlschweissern) Betz B., Die BG, May 1994, No.5, p.341-344. Illus. 7 ref. (In German)

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The results of urine analyses performed once a year in 1990, 1991 and 1992 in a small plant with aprox. 160-200 employees are used to illustrate what kind of information industrial physicians can gain from such sporadic, low-cost medical supervision. The urine samples came from the 10 to 17 gas and electric welders and polishers of chromium and nickel alloyed sheet metal. Through comparison, plausibility checks, and descriptive statistical evaluation of the results, information was obtained on the individual extent of the exposure to chromium and nickel and the sources of the pollutants. Ventilation was improved and welders' helmets fed with fresh unpolluted air were introduced for workers with high exposure to chromium and nickel. (68127)

CIS 96-2193 Cleanup of asbestos: Safety criteria for personal protection. (German: Asbestentsorgung: Sicherheitskriterien für Körperschutz) Petri J., Nagel A., Die BG, Nov. 1994, No.11, p.678-682. Illus. 3 ref. (In German)

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For the removal of asbestos from buildings, disposable overalls made of polyethylene are recommended for the protection of the personnel. If overalls are used only once, no harmful asbestos fibres will be carried home by the worker, thus avoiding exposure by the family. Polyethylene is recommended as the best material for protective overalls. It is impermeable to asbestos fibres, water and chemicals but permits the exchange of air. (68144)

CIS 96-2194 Neuropsychological symptoms among tanker drivers exposed to gasoline. Hakkola M., Honkasalo M.L., Pulkkinen P., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.125-130. 12 ref. (In English)

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Standardized interviews were carried out among 101 Finnish road tanker drivers and a control group of 100 milk delivery drivers to investigate the occurrence of symptoms possibly related to gasoline exposure (methyl-tert-butyl ether 10%). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of neuropsychological symptoms between the two groups of drivers. The age of the drivers, chronic diseases and perceived health were associated with the occurrence of symptoms. Results do not exclude the possibility that vulnerable groups exhibit an increased sensitivity to gasoline. (68022)

CIS 96-2195 Emissions from processing thermoplastics. Forrest M.J., Jolly A.M., Holding S.R., Richards S.J., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1995, Vol.39, No.1, p.35-53. 12 ref. (In English)

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A two-year study of the emissions produced during the processing of thermoplastic materials. A wide range of bulk commercial thermoplastic materials were covered, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Nylon 6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Two principal fabrication methods were studied, namely injection moulding and extrusion-based processes. Emission data were obtained both by personal exposure monitoring and from a number of static monitors positioned around the process equipment. This revealed the important effect that the monitoring position had on the data generated. The results obtained also showed how the choice of sampling adsorbent could influence the data obtained. Tenax was found to be a satisfactory general-purpose adsorbent material for this type of study. (67925)

CIS 96-2196 An investigation of the composition of the vapour evolved from aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions. Scobbie E., Groves J.A., Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1995, Vol.39, No.1, p.63-78. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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The composition of the vapour evolved from aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions has been studied using gas chromatography, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. This included a study of commercial sterilizing products at concentrations of about 2% glutaraldehyde, both with and without added activator. The main component evolved is monomeric glutaraldehyde with smaller amounts of methanol and butyraldehyde. An investigation of the atmosphere above an activated sterilizing solution suggests that concentrations of up to 2ppm glutaraldehyde can be formed. (67927)

CIS 96-2197 Tumours of the urinary bladder in workmen engaged in the manufacture and use of certain dyestuff intermediates in the British chemical industry. Case R.A.M., Hosker M.E., McDonald D.B., Pearson J.T., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.50, No.5, p.389-411. Illus. (In English)

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Editor's choice: reprint of a classic paper originally published in 1954 (BJIM 11: 75-96). It presents the results of a follow up on more that 4600 men in the British chemical industry from 1920 to 1949. The overall risk of dying from bladder cancer was about 30 times that of the general population and contact with benzidine, alpha-naphthylamine or beta-napthylamine (but not aniline) in either manufacture or use was liable to cause an excess number of tumours. Furthermore, this study confirms what was known for other occupational tumours, that is, that both onset and death occurred at an earlier age than in non-occupational cases. (68031)

CIS 96-2198 Application of the urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid test as a biomarker for low levels of exposure to benzene in industry. van Sittert N.J., Boogaard P.J., Beulink G.D.J., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, vol.50, No.5, p.460-469. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Recently, the determination of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in urine has been proposed as a suitable biomarker for the monitoring of low-level exposures to benzene. In the study reported here, the test was validated in 12 separate studies in chemical manufacturing plants, oil refineries and natural gas production plants. A strong correlation was found between eight hour exposure to airborne benzene of 1mg/m³ (0.3ppm) and higher and urinary S-PMA concentrations in end-of-shift samples. A strong correlation was also found between urinary phenol and S-PMA concentrations. In conclusion, with the current sensitivity of the test, eight hour time-weighted-average benzene exposures of 1mg/m³ (0.3ppm) and higher can be measured. (68035)

CIS 96-2199 Respiratory health effects of carbon black: A survey of European carbon black workers. Gardiner K., Trethowan N.W., Harrington J.M., Rossiter C.E., Calvert I.A., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1082-1096. Illus. 50 ref. (In English)

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A study population of 3086 employees was identified in 18 carbon black production plants in seven European countries. Respiratory health questionnaires, spirometry, and chest radiographs were used to measure current exposure to inspirable and respirable dust along with sulfur and carbon monoxide. Pulmonary symptoms (cough, sputum) and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were found to be associated with increasing indices of current exposure and small opacities were strongly associated with indices of cumulative dust exposure. The findings are consistent with a non-irritant effect of carbon black dust on the airways combined with dust retention in the lungs. Further studies are planned to investigate whether long term exposure to carbon black dust causes damage to the lung parenchyma. (68037)

CIS 96-2200 Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate: Measurement of toluenediamine in hydrolysed urine and plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Persson P., Dalene M., Skarping G., Adamsson M., Hagmar L., British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1993, Vol.50, No.12, p.1111-1118. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was studied during 48 hours and biological samples were taken in a factory producing flexible polyurethane (PUR) foam. Five PUR workers, two white-collar workers and two volunteers were studied. The concentrations of TDI in air were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Urine and plasma samples were collected, and TDI-related amines, 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-DTA) and 2,6-toluenediamine (2,6-TDA) were determined by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The environmental concentration of TDI was within the range of 1-10% of the Swedish TLV (40mg/m³). The relationship between 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI varied in atmospheric samples from 3:2 to 1:19. The PUR workers showed TDA plasma concentrations in the range of 1-8ng/mL, significantly higher than the concentration of 0.2-1ng TDA/mL plasma seen in the white-collar workers only rarely exposed to TDI. The concentration of 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA in PUR workers' plasma was stable. No relationship could be established between urinary excretion and TDA plasma concentration. It seems to be possible therefore to monitor TDI exposure by measuring TDA plasma concentration. (68040)

CIS 96-2201 Assessment of exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the chemical industry - Results of a five year biological monitoring study. Knopp D., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.152-159. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

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There is little information on individual exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the herbicide manufacturing industry. In general, the only method used for exposure evaluation is air monitoring, which cannot provide an exact measurement of personal absorption of the product, some of which is through the skin. This study is a report on the measurement of urinary excretion of 2,4-D in 27 men and 18 women who had been exposed to the herbicide during its manufacturing process for 5 years. It is shown that immunochemical determination of 2,4-D in urine is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method for evaluating human exposure to this product. (68102)

CIS 96-2202 Intaglio printing: Reducing the toluene exposure. (German: Tiefdruck: Toluolbelastung verringern durch neue Konzeptionen) Tag für Tag, Mar.-Apr. 1995, No.2, p.18-21. Illus. (In German)

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The exposure limit to toluene established in 1994 in Germany is of 50mL/m³. The measures taken in the printing industry to reduce the exposure to toluene, in particular in intaglio printing shops to comply with the limit are described. These measures include: enclosure of the machines during operation, use of exhaust ventilation during standstill of the machine and automation of cleaning operations of machine parts. (68159)

CIS 96-2203 Health and social concerns of restaurant/bar workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Akbar-Khanzadeh F., Greco T.M., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1996, Vol.87, No.2, p.122-132. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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Smoking (22) and non-smoking (21) workers were surveyed by means of interviews to assess their reactions to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in three restaurant settings. There was a significant difference between the non-smokers and the smokers in their attitudes towards ETS in workplace (non-smokers showed more health symptoms and anti-smoking attitudes than smokers). Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations ranged from 1 to 23ppm; carbon dioxide (CO₂) from 100 to 6,000ppm and nitrogen oxides were in practice non detectable. Levels of CO increased during the entire workshift, CO₂ levels increased when workplaces were more crowded. Designation of non-smoking sectors did not seem to reduce workers' exposure. (67896)

CIS 96-2204 A medical-center-wide, multidisciplinary approach to the problem of natural rubber latex allergy. Hunt L.W., Boone-Orke J.L., Fransway A.F., Fremstad C.E., Jones R.T., Swanson M.C., McEvoy M.T., Miller L.K., Majerus E.T., Luker P.A., Scheppmann D.L., Webb M.J., Yunginger J.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.765-770. 21 ref. (In English)

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Allergic reactions among health care staff at a medical centre were associated with the use of natural rubber latex gloves. A multidisciplinary task force was established to identify latex-sensitized employees and to reduce the risk of further sensitization. Diagnosis of latex allergy was based on a suggestive clinical history plus either a positive skin prick test to a prepared latex extract or a positive latex-specific IgE measurement. Gloves with a high allergen content were phased out and replaced by low-allergen rubber or synthetic gloves. Latex aeroallergen levels subsequently declined and expenditure on gloves was reduced. (68014)

CIS 96-2205 Monitoring of exposure to benomyl in nursery workers. Hoekstra E.J., Kiefer M., Tepper A., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.775-781. 18 ref. (In English)

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Urinary levels of the metabolite methyl-5-hydroxy-2-benzimidazole carbamate (5-HBC) were measured in 10 workers exposed to the fungicide benomyl at 5 nurseries. Environmental exposures were evaluated from gloves, body patches, and air samples were collected with area and personal monitors. The median concentration of 5-HBC for the exposed workers was 23.8µmol per mole of creatinine; no 5-HBC was detected in 9 unexposed controls. Weighing, mixing and application activities involved the highest exposures. Dermal contact appeared to be the primary route of exposure. (68016)

CIS 96-2206 Enamel erosion related to winemaking. Ferguson M.M., Dunbar R.J., Smith J.A., Wall J.G., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.159-162. Illus. 38 ref. (In English)

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A winemaker presented with general discomfort of the teeth when eating anything cold. There was extensive erosion of the teeth consistent with the regular swilling of wines around the mouth. Topical fluoride applications and alkaline mouth washes during the working day are suggested. (68028)

CIS 96-2207 Ethanol induced modification of m-xylene toxicokinetics in humans. Tardiff R., Sato A., Laparé S., Brodeur J., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.187-191. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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This study was undertaken to determine whether previous subacute treatment with ethanol could modify the kinetics of m-xylene in humans. A group of six volunteers was exposed twice to either 100 or 400ppm of m-xylene during two hours. Ethanol was given orally in the early evening on each of two consecutive days before exposures (total ethanol intake of 137g). Overall, this study showed that the effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism of m-xylene, after ethanol ingestion, depends on the exposure concentration and is not likely to occur as long as the exposure concentrations remain under the current maximum allowable concentration (100ppm) in the workplace. (68104)

CIS 96-2208 Exposure-response relationships in the formation of specific antibodies to hexahydrophthalic anhydride in exposed workers. Welinder H.E., Jönsson B.A.G., Nielsen J.E., Ottosson H.E., Gustavsson C.A., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.459-465. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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The relationship between exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and the levels of specific immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G antibodies was investigated in a cross-sectional study on 95 workers from two plants producing epoxy resin with HHPA as a hardener (mean exposure 7 years). Results indicate that HHPA is a sensitizing compound even at low exposure levels and that short-time peak exposures may have an impact on immunoglobulin E sensitization. (68125)

CIS 96-2209 Effects of 5ppm hydrogen sulfide inhalation on biochemical properties of skeletal muscle in exercising men and women. Bhambhani Y., Burnham R., Snydmiller G., MacLean I., Martin T., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.464-468. 38 ref. (In English)

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13 men and 12 women completed exercise tests while breathing 0ppm (control) or 5ppm hydrogen sulfide (50% of its occupational exposure limit). Immediately after exercising, skeletal muscle samples were taken and analyzed for concentrations of markers of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. The only significant finding was a decrease in citrate synthase in men exposed to hydrogen sulfide. In women, no significant changes were observed in any of the markers measured. Exposure to hydrogen sulfide at 50% of its exposure limit might inhibit aerobic metabolism during exercise in healthy men. (67855)

CIS 96-2210 Studies of the indoor pollution by fibrous dust from mineral wool installations. (German: Untersuchungen zur Innenraumbelastung durch faserförmige Feinstäube aus eingebauten Mineralwolle-Erzeugnissen) Umweltbundesamt, Werbung und Vertrieb, Ahornstrasse 1-2, 10787 Berlin, Germany, 1994. 109p. 85 ref. Price: DEM 15.00. (In German)

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Indoor fibre counts in 134 offices, homes and educational institutions in Germany yielded an average of 3184 inorganic fibres/m³. Of these, 621 fibres/m³ had diameters below 1µm. No asbestos was found. 20% of man-made mineral fibres with diameters below 1µm came from mineral wool products in the room where the fibres were counted. 18% of the fibres with diameters below 3µm came from mineral wool products in the rooms. Parallel counts outside the windows yielded an average of 2133 fibres/m³ with diameters below 3µm. Of these 429 fibres/m³ had diameters below 1µm. (68142)

CIS 96-2211 Dust exposure years. (German: Staubjahre) Bauer H.D., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1995. 129p. Illus. approx. 90 ref., ISBN 3-88383-384-3 (In German)

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In determining if dust is responsible for a disease (e.g. chronic bronchitis or emphysema among coal miners), "dust exposure years" should be taken as a yardstick. The term "dust exposure year" is an expression of the cumulative dose of dust, taken as the product of the level and duration of a particular person's exposure to dust. One year is taken to be 220 shifts, so if more than 220 shifts are worked per year, a factor of >1 is used in the calculation. The relevant data for calculating dust exposure years may be obtained from the documents detailing "proof of work and dust exposure" which all operations in Germany are required to keep and update monthly in accordance with mining authority regulations. This report details a method for determining dust exposure years for workers. Summaries in German, English, French and Spanish. (68147)

CIS 96-2212 Handbook of ecotoxicology. Hoffman D.J., Rattner B.A., Burton G.A., Cairns J., eds., Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Boulevard, N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 1995. x, 755p., Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 85.00., ISBN 0-87371-585-3 (In English)

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This book provides comprehensive information about the relatively new but rapidly expanding field of ecotoxicology, which may be defined as the science of predicting effects of potentially toxic agents on natural ecosystems and not target species. It contains 34 chapters written by more than 50 international experts. Divided into four major sections (Quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects; Contaminant sources and effects; Case histories and ecosystem surveys; Methods for making estimates and predictability in ecotoxicology), the book provides new concepts and methodology for many aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity test protocols. Other topics covered includes sediment and soil ecotoxicity, landscape indicators, biomonitoring and bioindicators. The role of deforestation and global warming, pathogens and disease in ecotoxicology, abiotic factors, urban runoff, predictive ecotoxicology, population modelling and restoration ecology is also discussed. (67899)

CIS 96-2213 CRC handbook of laboratory safety. Furr A.K., ed., CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Boulevard, N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 4th ed., 1995. xxiii, 783p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 99.50., ISBN 0-8493-2518-8 (In English)

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This manual is a comprehensive reference tool covering safety in different kinds of laboratories. Contents: emergencies; laboratory facilities: design and equipment; laboratory operations (including new OSHA laboratory safety standards); nonchemical laboratories: radiation, lasers, microbiological and biomedical laboratories, recombinant DNA laboratories, handling and care of research animals (including 1994 NRC radiation safety standards, guidelines for X-ray use in hospitals, enforcement of the standard for dealing with blood-borne pathogens, EPA action on the release of radioactive materials into the environment, OSHA actions covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response, new CDC guidelines for research with microbiological hazards); personal protective equipment; laboratory checklist. (67900)

CIS 96-2214 Toxicological profile for endosulfan. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 186p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: neurotoxic effects (convulsions). (67901)

CIS 96-2215 Toxicological profile for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine (F). Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 244p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: strong irritation of the skin, eyes and lungs; lung diseases; skeletal fluorosis; chemical burns on the skin and eyes; dental fluorosis. (67902)

CIS 96-2216 Toxicological profile for aldrin/dieldrin: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 184p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: neurotoxic effects and renal damage. (Update of CIS 89-1992). (67903)

CIS 96-2217 Toxicological profile for arsenic: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 175p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin and respiratory tract; skin disorders (hyperkeratosis); haematotoxic effects (blood-cell anomalies); cardiovascular disorders; arrhythmia; neurotoxic effects; carcinogenic effects (skin, liver, bladder, renal and lung cancer). (Update of CIS 90-1975). (67904)

CIS 96-2218 Toxicological profile for benzene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 205p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects; bone marrow disorders (blood-cell anomalies); immunotoxic effects; mutagenic effects (chromosome changes); damage to the female reproductive system; carcinogenic effects (leukaemia). (67905)

CIS 96-2219 Toxicological profile for beryllium: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 129p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: lung damage (pneumonia); sensitization (allergic reactions); skin rashes and ulceration; possible carcinogenic effects. (67906)

CIS 96-2220 Toxicological profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 151p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: possible carcinogenic effects. However, data are insufficiently available on the harmful health effects of this substance. (67907)

CIS 96-2221 Toxicological profile for cadmium: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 171p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation; lung damage; renal damage; osteoporosis; probable carcinogenic effects (lung cancer). (67908)

CIS 96-2222 Toxicological profile for chloroform: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 151p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: skin irritation; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); liver and renal damage; possible carcinogenic effects. (67909)

CIS 96-2223 Toxicological profile for chromium: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 227p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation; skin diseases; perforation of the nasal septum; lung cancer. (Update of CIS 89-1982). (67910)

CIS 96-2224 Toxicological profile for cyanide: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 123p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation; skin diseases; neurotoxic effects; cardiovascular disorders; respiratory diseases; thyroid disorders. (Update of CIS 90-1978). (67911)

CIS 96-2225 Toxicological profile for 1,4-dichlorobenzene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 111p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract; skin blotches; hepatic toxicity; haematotoxic effects (blood-cell anomalies, like anaemia). (67912)

CIS 96-2226 Toxicological profile for heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 131p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards may include hepatic disorders and neurotoxic effects. However, insufficient data are available on the harmful health effects of these substances. (67913)

CIS 96-2227 Toxicological profile for lead: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 307p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: brain damage (neurotoxic effects, encephalopathy); renal damage; haematotoxic effects (anaemia); damage to the male reproductive system; retarded development of the new born. (Update of CIS 91-571). (67914)

CIS 96-2228 Toxicological profile for methylene chloride: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 111p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: skin irritation; chemical burns; neurotoxic effects; possible carcinogenic effects. (67915)

CIS 96-2229 Toxicological profile for nickel: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1996. 151p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: lung diseases; heart diseases; haematotoxic effects; renal diseases; skin rashes; skin sensitization; asthma; carcinogenic effects (lung and nasal cancer). (67916)

CIS 96-2230 Toxicological profile for n-nitrosodiphenylamine: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 84p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Data are insufficiently available on the health hazards of this substance. (67917)

CIS 96-2231 Toxicological profile for selected PCBs (Aroclor-1260, -1254, -1248, -1242, 1232, -1221, and -1016): Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 209p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin and respiratory tract; skin eruption; chloracne; possible carcinogenic effects. (Update of CIS 89-1971). (67918)

CIS 96-2232 Toxicological profile for tetrachloroethylene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 151p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: skin irritation; narcotic effect; neurotoxic effects; possible carcinogenic effects. (Update of CIS 91-564). (67919)

CIS 96-2233 Toxicological profile for trichloroethylene: Update. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 155p. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: skin rashes; narcotic effect; neurotoxic effects. (Update of CIS 90-1634). (67920)

CIS 96-2234 4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xvi, 50p. 91 ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0721-5 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in Apr. 1994: exposure to 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane has caused sclerotic skin changes in humans; indications of liver damage have also been reported. Animal studies show that it has a severely irritating to corrosive effect on the skin and eyes. (67951)

CIS 96-2235 Dipropylene glycol. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xiv, 58p. 120 ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0724-X (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in Dec. 1993: dipropylene glycol causes skin irritation in humans. Animal studies indicate a low acute toxicity after oral application; repeated oral application has caused damage to the central nervous system, liver and kidney. (67952)

CIS 96-2236 Toxicology of metals. Chang L.W., Magos L., Suzuki T., eds., CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 1996. xxiv, 1198p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 85.00., ISBN 1-56670-803-6 (In English)

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Part 1 of this manual covers general and clinical aspects, risk assessment and genotoxicity of metals: monitoring and assessment of metal contaminants in air; human health risk assessment; bioresponses and reactivities in metal toxicity; carcinogenesis and genotoxicity (chromium, arsenic cadmium, nickel, lead, beryllium); clinical aspects of metal toxicity (mercury, cadmium, copper, aluminium, lead, manganese, arsenic, bismuth, lithium, and others, chelation therapies). Part 2 covers target organ toxicity: neurotoxicology; renal toxicology; immunomodulation; effects on other organ systems (liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory and haematopoietic systems, bone metabolism); reproductive and developmental toxicology. (67962)

CIS 96-2237 Analysis of dangerous substances. (German: Gefahrstoff-Analytik) Leichnitz K., Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 37. Ergänzungslieferung, May 1996. 255p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-609-73297-0 (In German)

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Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and antipollution laws, and for analysis of process gases. It includes: updated descriptions of the analytical methods of the German Research Association; German Ministry of Labour guidelines for the accreditation of analytical laboratories; new or updated Technical Rules for Dangerous Substances (TRGS) 552 (N-nitrosamines), 554 (diesel motor emissions) and 557 (dioxins); the new German Environmental Auditing Law; rules for the certification of environmental auditors; European Standard EN 1231 for detector tube equipment. Full texts of the Technical Rules are available from the publisher. (68089)

CIS 96-2238 Cooling lubricants. (German: Kühlschmierstoffe) Pfeiffer W., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1995. 212p. Illus. 90 ref. Index., ISBN 3-88383-379-7 (In German)

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This report presents a very detailed account of the personal protective measures to be implemented in conjunction with the use of cooling lubricants and provides recommendations for the design of technical protection facilities. Contents: uses of cooling lubricants; types and compositions of cooling lubricants; physical and chemical properties; toxicological and microbiological properties; legal requirements and technical rules; analytical methods applicable to the use of cooling lubricants; composition of water-based cutting fluids; analysis of cooling lubricant concentrates and their alkanolamine contents; results of analysis; reporting and evaluating results; protective measures; disposal. Summaries in English, French, German and Spanish. (68146)

CIS 96-2239 1996 list of limit values - Occupational safety and health. (German: Grenzwerteliste 1996 - Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Arbeit) Blome H., Pflaumbaum W., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, eds., Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1995. 213p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-88383-429-7 (In German)

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This list contains tables of the limit values for hazardous substances applicable in Germany (maximum workplace concentration [MAK], technical guidelines for exposure [TRK] and tolerance levels of exposure to biological agents [BAT] from the following directives (TRGS): TRGS 900 "Limit values relating to air in the workplace", TRGS 903 "Biological Tolerance values" and also the classifications of TRGS 905 "Index of substances which can cause cancer, genetic changes or have reproductive effects". Also included are limit values for air contaminants defined in other standards, noise, vibration, thermal stress, radiation, electricity, biomechanical stress and notes on the effects of biological agents. (68149)

CIS 96-2240 Report for 1990 of a study committee for testing the toxicity and other aspects of dangerous exotic chemicals used in the IC industry and elsewhere. (Japanese: Heisei 2 nendo - IC sangyō-ra de sayō sareru yūgaisei michi kagaku busshitsu ni taisuru dokusei shiken-ra no chōsa kenkyū i-inkai hōkokusho) Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Industrial Hygiene Inspection Centre, 5-35-1 Chiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, no date. 360p. Illus. (In Japanese)

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Report of a committee of academic and industrial experts. In 1990, its tasks were to determine the toxicity of phosphine and to conduct a questionnaire survey in the workforce involved in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). Because of its high toxicity, a 4h LC₅₀ (mouse) for phosphine could not be established directly; extrapolation from lethality at lower doses gives an estimate of 26.5-33.4ppm. Of 156 firms that received the questionnaire, 68 (120 sites, 47,000 workers) responded. Enterprises that provide equipment and gases to IC manufacturers were included as well as IC manufacturers themselves. The structures of the workforces by age, sex, type of contract and size of enterprise were determined. The identities and quantities of 50 chemicals used (silanes, compounds of arsenic, boron, rare earth elements, etc.) were tabulated. The existence of data sheets for these products and of systems for disposing of them as waste were also determined. Blood analyses were performed on a sample of the respondents and on controls employed outside the IC industry; all IC employees showed higher red blood cell counts, haemoglobin levels and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities, while those over 40 years of age also had elevated cholesterol and neutral fats. Facts on 251 accidents that occurred between Jan. 1985 and Oct. 1990 were collected. (68152)

CIS 96-2241 Workplace effectiveness of respiratory protective equipment for asbestos removal work. Howie R.M., Johnstone J.B.G., Weston P., Aitken R.J., Groat S., Institute of Occupational Medicine, HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 84p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1201-5 (In English)

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This study is a literature review and report of field surveys on the wearing of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) during asbestos removal work. During the surveys, sampling filters were fitted in the RPE facepieces of workers and investigators at different sites. Main findings: the sampling probe may affect the integrity of the facepiece; the probe is not sampling in the correct position; the sampling filter and the samples were contaminated during the fitting and removal of the facepiece. Materials removed included chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite and their combinations. No apparent relationship was observed between ambient fibre concentrations and material type. Fibre concentrations were measured in both dry and wet stripping operations. The consequences of the use of different asbestos removal techniques (manual, power tools, grid blasting) were assessed. In-facepiece fibre concentrations were below the Clearance Limit (0.01 fibres/mL) in 163 out of 182 measurements. A series of recommendations in order to obtain more information on: conditions inside stripping enclosures; areas where airborne fibre concentrations are unacceptably high; prevailing levels of the wearing of respiratory protection equipment; the influence of human factors on the performance of respirators; problem areas where RPE is either not worn at all or is worn improperly. (67834)

CIS 96-2242 Guidance document on collection and preparation of sediments for physicochemical characterization and biological testing. Environmental Protection Publications, Technology Transfer Office, Environmental Technology Advancement Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada, Dec. 1994. xxix, 132+12p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CAD 34.95., ISBN 0-660-16297-0 (In English)

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Methods recommended in Canada for the selection of sampling stations for eco-toxicological studies are described together with those for the collection, storage, transportation and manipulation of whole sediment samples from marine, estuarine and freshwater environments. Procedures are outlined for monitoring and assessment purposes and for permit requirements for open-water disposal of dredged materials. This publication is also available in French. (67862)

CIS 96-2243 Hazardous substances in spark machining - Measurements, evaluation, preventive measures. (German: Gefahrstoffe beim Funkenerodieren (Senkerodieren) - Messungen, Beurteilungen, Schutzmassnahmen) Pfeiffer W., Schenk C., Stockmann R., Willert G., Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitssicherheit, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG), Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany, 1995. 43p. Illus. 15 ref., ISBN 3-88383-383-5 (In German)

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In spark machining, an electric arc is formed between two electrodes - the tool and the workpiece - immersed in an insulating fluid. Hazardous substances can be given off from the machined part, the tool or from the substances or reaction products contained in the insulator. This report presents the results of a series of measurements of the hazardous substances in spark machining processes and provides recommendations for assessing exposure at work stations. It also contains advice on safety measures. Appendix: tables. Summaries in English, French, German and Spanish. (68148)

CIS 96-2244 Report to OSHA on hazard communication. NACOSH Hazard Communication Workgroup, National Advisory Committee of Occupational Safety and Health, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor, Directorate of Health Standards, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 12 Sep. 1996. 93 + 3 + 15 + 7 + 21 + 6p. (In English)

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Report by a workgroup organized at the request of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), to provide recommendations on ways of simplifying material safety data sheets (MSDSs), reducing paperwork, improving the effectiveness of worker training and revising enforcement policies. The workgroup determined that the complexity of MSDSs and the paperwork involved in their management were not caused by or under the control of OSHA, but several ways of facilitating the use of MSDSs were suggested. OSHA should endorse and promote the American National Standards on MDSDs and labelling, ANSI Z400.1-1993 and ANSI Z129.1-1994. Symbols and colour coding should not be mandated until their effectiveness had been validated. OSHA should develop model employee training programmes. Criteria for evaluating programmes should be included in the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS, 29 CFR 1910.1200, CIS 89-1417). Enforcement of the HCS should concentrate on communication with enterprises and rectification of deficiencies rather than punishment. OSHA should pursue harmonization of the classification and labelling of products, and of MSDS format, at the domestic and international levels. (68085)

CIS 96-2245 Guide for collection stations for harmful wastes. (German: Leitfaden für Problemabfall-Annahmestellen) Landesamt für Umweltschutz und Gewerbeaufsicht, Landesamt für Umweltschutz und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz, Amtsgerichtplatz 1, 55276 Oppenheim, Germany, 1994. 20p. + 40p. Illus. (In German)

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In Germany, stations to which small amounts of harmful wastes from households can be delivered need a license. The requirements placed by the German State of Rhineland-Palatinate on the site for such buildings, their layout and the measures to protect against fire and explosion are outlined. In addition, the requirements to be met by the personnel accepting and handling the harmful waste and the measures required for their protection are addressed. The rules and regulations which need to be complied with are listed. (68143)

CIS 96-2246 Review of fibre toxicology. Meldrum M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 72p. 133 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1205-8 (In English)

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This review focuses on those properties of fibres that influence their toxicological hazard; it does not address the question of the tendency of fibres to become airborne. Contents: property and uses of fibres (natural and man-made mineral fibres, synthetic organic fibres); human health effects from exposure to asbestos (pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma); lung deposition and clearance; animal studies in fibre toxicity; mechanisms of fibre toxicity; fibre toxicity testing strategy; relationship between fibre size and toxicity. (67818)

CIS 96-2247 Ozone: Health hazards and precautionary measures. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 5p. 11 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-7176-1206-6 (In English)

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Contents of this guidance note: occurrence and properties of ozone; effects on health (airway irritation, lung damage); uses (odour suppresser, disinfectant); incidental production of ozone by ultraviolet radiation and electrical discharges; advice on complying with the COSHH Regulations (current occupational exposure limit: 0.2ppm in air, 15min TWA); prevention and control of exposure (engineering controls, respirators); maintenance, examination and testing of control measures; monitoring exposure; health surveillance; first aid; information, instruction and training; emergency procedures; consultation with safety representatives. Replaces CIS 84-1950. (67841)

CIS 96-2248 Chromium and inorganic compounds of chromium in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1996. 16p. 27 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1181-7 (In English)

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This method updates and replaces MDHS 12 (see CIS 81-1964). The principal changes are to describe additional dissolution techniques that are effective for chromium-containing dusts that are difficult to take into solution, and to recommend the use of filters that are soluble using the dissolution techniques described. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a filter mounted in an inhalable dust sampler; the sample is taken into solution according to one of five methods described, and is analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Detection limits are given for each of the dissolution procedures. (67842)

CIS 96-2249 Beryllium and beryllium compounds in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1996. 12p. 24 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1130-2 (In English)

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This method updates and replaces MDHS 29 (see CIS 90-2007). The principal changes are to recommend the use of filters that are soluble using the dissolution technique described, and to describe the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the analysis of sample solutions with a low beryllium concentration. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a filter mounted in an inhalable dust sampler; the sample is taken into solution by treatment with nitric acid and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry or (for low beryllium concentrations) electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Detection limits are given for each procedure. (67843)

CIS 96-2250 Cobalt and cobalt compounds in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1996. 8p. 24 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1128-0 (In English)

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This method updates and replaces MDHS 30 (see CIS 84-1637). The principal changes are to modify the dissolution technique to make it more consistent with other methods described in the MDHS series, and to recommend the use of filters that are soluble using the dissolution technique described. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a filter mounted in an inhalable dust sampler; the sample is taken into solution by treatment with nitric acid and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. (67844)

CIS 96-2251 Approved requirements and test methods for the classification and packaging of dangerous goods for carriage. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 183p. 17 ref. Price: GBP 12.75., ISBN 0-7176-1221-X (In English)

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These Approved Requirements have been approved for the purposes of regulations 5,6 and 8 of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations 1996. They replace the Approved Methods for the Classification and Packaging of Dangerous Goods for Carriage by Road and Rail (see CIS 94-2041). The principal changes relate to: new test methods for oxidizing substances; classifying self-reactive substances and organic peroxides; packaging methods for peroxides; classification and packaging criteria for environmentally hazardous substances not otherwise dangerous for carriage; and test methods for determining the chemical compatibility of plastics packaging using standard liquids. (67941)

CIS 96-2252 Approved vehicle requirements. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 10p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-1222-8 (In English)

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These Approved Requirements have been approved for the purposes of regulation 5(1)(b) of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996. They specify detailed vehicle requirements in relation to electrical equipment, prevention of fire risks, specific requirements for refrigerated vehicles, construction of the body of the vehicle, rear-end protection, and vehicle stability. (67942)

CIS 96-2253 Approved carriage list - Information approved for the carriage of dangerous goods by road and rail other than explosives and radioactive material. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1996. iv, 249p. Illus. 16 ref. Price: GBP 13.50., ISBN 0-7176-1223-6 (In English)

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This Approved Carriage List was approved for the purposes of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and Use of Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations 1996, the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996, and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996. For each dangerous substance in the list, information is provided on: shipping name; UN number; classification for carriage; packing group; emergency action code; whether or not the substance can be carried in tanks or in bulk; and any special provisions. This edition replaces the Approved Carriage List 1994 (CIS 95-695) and the Road Tanker Approved List 1992 (CIS 93-30). Updated entries are identified. (67943)

CIS 96-2254 Suitability of vehicles and containers and limits on quantities for the carriage of explosives. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 9p. 13 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-1224-4 (In English)

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This Approved Code of Practice gives practical guidance on regulations 10 and 13 of the Carriage of Explosives by Road Regulations 1996. These Regulations require operators to ensure that any vehicle or container used for the carriage of explosives is suitable for the safe and secure transportation of those explosives, and that full account is taken of the type and quantity of the explosives. Requirements relate to: safe working limits; provision of a screen or gap to prevent fire spread; protection from the fuel or electrical system; lining of the load-carrying compartment; prevention of unauthorized access. (67944)

CIS 96-2255 Approved requirements for the construction of vehicles intended for the carriage of explosives by road. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 7p. Illus. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1225-2 (In English)

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These requirements have been approved for the purposes of regulation 11 of the Carriage of Explosives by Road Regulations 1996. They set out construction requirements for various types of vehicle which may be used for the carriage of explosives. Requirements relate to: the safety of electrical equipment (wiring, batteries); prevention of fire risks (vehicle cab, fuel tanks, engine, exhaust system); the design of the body of the vehicle. (67945)

CIS 96-2256 Approved tank requirements - The provisions for bottom loading and vapour recovery systems of mobile containers carrying petrol. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 10p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-1226-0 (In English)

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These requirements have been approved for the purposes of regulation 5(1)(c) of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996 and regulation 3(1)(b) of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996. They provide a minimum specification for bottom loading and vapour recovery systems to ensure compatibility between the road tanker equipment and installations at terminals and service stations. Requirements relate to: design of the liquid loading and discharge system and the vapour recovery system; overfill detection and vehicle earth; location of the adaptors and connector; safety interlocks and emergency shut-off valves; provision of an information plate; loading; testing of valves. (67946)

CIS 96-2257 Approved requirements for the packaging, labelling and carriage of radioactive material by rail. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 47p. 3 ref. Price: GBP 7.75., ISBN 0-7176-1227-9 (In English)

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These requirements relate to the Packaging, Labelling and Carriage of Radioactive Material by Rail Regulations 1996. They set out detailed provisions for: packages and packaging; test procedures for radioactive materials and packages; information requirements concerning the preparation of radioactive materials; the operation of tank containers and tank wagons. (67947)

CIS 96-2258 Handbook of paint and coating raw materials. Ash M., Ash I., eds., Gower Publishing, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU11 3BR, United Kingdom, 1996. 2 vols. xvi, 1000p. and xvi, 589p. Index. Price: GBP 195.00 (Vol.1), GBP 125.00 (Vol.2), GBP 275.00 (2 vol. set)., ISBN 0-566-07787-6 (2 volume set), ISBN 0-566-07823-6 (volume 2), ISBN 0-566-07824-4 (volume 1) (In English)

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Volume 1 of this handbook contains approximately 9,000 alphabetical entries of trade name paint and coating raw materials with information on manufacturer, chemical composition, CAS and EINECS numbers, general properties, applications and functions, toxicology, and regulatory information. Volume 2 provides information on approximately 2,000 paint and coating chemical products with a trade name cross-reference. Both volumes include a manufacturers' directory and cross-references by functional category and CAS and EINECS numbers. Also available on computer diskette. (67960)

CIS 96-2259 List of Hazardous Substances and preparations under para. 4a of the Ordinance on Hazardous Substances [Germany]. (German: Bekanntmachung der Liste der gefährlichen Stoffe und Zubereitungen nach par. 4a der Gefahrstoffverordnung) Bundessanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1996. xii, 389p., ISBN 3-89429-771-9 (In German)

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List of hazardous substances and preparations published in accordance with the German Ordinance on Hazardous Substances. The list follows the 21st adaptation to technical progress of European Directive 67/548/EEC on the harmonization of rules for the classification, packaging and labelling of hazardous substances (see CIS 95-809). (68150)

CIS 96-2260 Dyes and chemicals in textile finishing. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 12p. 5 ref. (In English)

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These four data sheets cover: an introduction to dyes and chemicals in textile finishing (health hazards, risk assessment, legal requirements); safe handling of non-dyestuff chemicals (bulk delivery, storage and transport, addition of sodium hydrosulfite to process vessels); safe handling of dyestuffs (control measures, identifying sources of exposure, local exhaust ventilation, special precautions for benzidine-based dyes); and a brief guide for employees on the hazards from dyes and chemicals (chemical burns, irritation, dermatitis, sensitization, cancer). (67847)

CIS 96-2261 Hazardous substances - TRGS 616 on the substitution and limitation of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls. (German: Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 616 Ersatzstoffe, Ersatzverfahren und Verwendungsbeschränkungen für Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB)) Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Bundesarbeitsblatt, May 1994, No.5, p.43-49. Illus. (In German)

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This directive provides information on the physicochemical properties of the polychlorinated biphenyls, their health and environmental hazards, and their applications in capacitors, transformers and hydraulic fluids used in underground mining equipment. It lists possible replacement substances and groups of replacement substances and evaluates their suitability for the applications mentioned. (68126)

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CIS 96-2262 Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing. Mallonee S., Shariat S., Stennies G., Waxweiler R., Hogan D., Jordan F., Journal of the American Medical Association, 7 Aug. 1996, Vol.276, No.5, p.382-387. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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The Oklahoma City bombing in April 1995 resulted in the largest number of fatalities (167) of any terrorist act in the United States, and there were 4 times as many nonfatal injuries as fatalities. Most of the dead and injured were office workers. Conclusions of this article examining the medical effects of the blast: disaster management plans should include the possibility of terrorist bombing, and medical preparedness should anticipate that most injuries will be nonfatal; the role of building collapse in fatal injuries and the role of glass and other flying debris in minor to moderate injuries should be considered in the design of buildings at high risk of being bombed so as to reduce injuries. (67863)

CIS 96-2263 Guideline for clean-up after a fire. (German: Leitlinie zur Brandschadensanierung) Verband der Sachversicherer e.V., Cologne, Germany, Tiefbau, Apr. 1994, Vol.106, No.4, p.218-224, 226, 228-229. Illus. (In German)

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For clean-up after a fire, this recommendation from the German insurance industry defines four hazard classes. Small fires are classified as hazard class 0. Fires in kitchens, offices or workshops belong to hazard class 1. Fires involving larger amounts of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride belong to class 2. Fires in which polychlorinated biphenyls are produced (such as transformer fires) belong to hazard class 3. For fires belonging to hazard classes 2 and 3, clean-up firms with special know how need to be employed. The temperatures and conditions of a fire which lead to the development of harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are given. (68145)

CIS 96-2264 The global effects of volcanic eruptions on human health and agriculture: A review. Glaser A.N., Journal of Agromedicine, 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.31-43. 46 ref. (In English)

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Effects of volcanic hazards are reviewed by first considering the direct human health effects of each of the physical phenomena produced by volcanoes and then by considering their broader secondary consequences. Hazards include: production of tephra (rock fragments, dust and ash), volcanic gas, volcanic blasts and atmospheric shock waves, lahars or mudflows, pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, lava flows, floods and earthquakes. Agricultural workers are especially vulnerable to the effects of eruptions, in particular exposure to airborne and deposited volcanic ash and dust. (67822)

CIS 96-2265 The epidemiology of aircraft fire in commuter and air taxi crashes. Li G., Baker S.P., Dodd R.S., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, May 1996, Vol.67, No.5, p.434-437. 18 ref. (In English)

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Data on commuter air carrier and air taxi crashes for the period 1983-1988 were examined. Aircraft fire was recorded in 153 (17%) of the 888 crashes identified. Factors associated with increased likelihood of fire were non-airport location, twin-engine aircraft and nighttime flying. The majority of fires occurred during impact sequence and the most frequent source of ignition was the engine. Fire sensing and extinguishing systems were installed in only 19% of aircraft. Rescue and firefighting efforts were hampered most commonly by terrain, weather and darkness. (67859)

CIS 96-2266 Development of a safety reporting procedure for industrial installations in Russia. (Russian: Razvitie procedury deklarirovanija bezopasnosti promyšlennyh ob"ektov v Rossii) Krasnyh B. A., Šatalov A. A., Sablin V. S., Pečerkin A. S., Sidorov V. I., Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, 1995, No.10, p.3-6. (In Russian)

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Description of the steps leading up to the adoption of the directives abstracted under CIS 96-1940. The point of departure was ILO Convention No.174, Prevention of major industrial accidents (see CIS 93-1763), which requires that the management of any potentially hazardous industrial installation submit to the competent authorities a report that describes the potential hazards as well as the measures that have been taken to keep accidents from happening and to limit their effects if they should occur. Before such a system was introduced at the national level, an experiment was made in 1994 by implementing a safety reporting system in Moscow. The system covered 11 sites. The reporting forms were filled out by the enterprises independently or in consultation with experts recognized by the Federal Mine and Industrial Inspectorate. The greatest shortcomings were in risk assessment. This was due to the lack of official standards and methods, and to lack of experience in such quantitative risk assessment. In response, three methodological guidelines will be drafted. (Temporary guidance is given in annexes to the directives cited above.) (68087)

CIS 96-2267 1995 Firefighter fatalities. Washburn A.E., LeBlanc P.R., Fahy R.F., NFPA Journal, July-Aug. 1996, Vol.90, No.4, p.63-77. Illus. (In English)

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In 1995, 88 firefighters died on duty in the USA, a decrease of 15% from the 104 deaths recorded in 1994. The trend has been downward since 1977. The main article breaks down the statistics by circumstances of death, cause, age of victim, career versus volunteer status and length of service. Sidebars describe fatal fires due to arson, death and disability benefits offered by the US Federal Government and examples of fatal incidents occurring in 1995. (68083)

CIS 96-2268 The use of small scale fire test data for the hazard assessment of bulk materials. Foley M., Drysdale D.D., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iii, 80p. Illus. 34 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-1202-3 (In English)

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Fire tests were carried out on 16 materials using both a test protocol based on a one-third scale room corridor assembly (third scale rig (TSR) test) and a Cone Calorimeter. No simple relationship was found between the ranking order derived in the TSR protocol and the Cone Calorimeter results; general trends were apparent but correlation coefficients were poor. While the Cone Calorimeter could act as a preliminary screening test to identify those materials which perform badly, the TSR test should remain as a hazard assessment test. (67820)

CIS 96-2269 Guidelines for chemical transportation risk analysis. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1995. xviii, 382p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 140.00 North America, USD 195.00. elsewhere., ISBN 0-8169-0626-2 (In English)

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This manual provides an introduction to the concerns and techniques of transportation risk analysis (TRA). Contents: general framework of TRA (definitions, similarities to and differences from fixed facility evaluations); hazard identification and frequency analysis for pipelines, road and rail transport, barges, ocean-going vessels and intermodal containers; special topics (including release scenarios, population densities, transloading operations); sources of data; measurement, calculation and presentation of risk estimates; application examples; case studies; future developments. (67958)

CIS 96-2270 Guidelines for safe storage and handling of reactive materials. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1995. xx, 364p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 130.00 North America, USD 180.00 elsewhere., ISBN 0-8169-0629-7 (In English)

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This manual describes current practices for the safe design and operation of facilities storing and handling reactive materials. Contents: chemical reactivity hazards and classification systems; evaluation of chemical reactivity; consequence analysis; design considerations (compatibility with other substances, storage time and shelf life, storage quantity and configuration, air and moisture exclusion, storage monitoring and temperature control, manual handling and transfer piping, safety features, mitigation systems, loss-of-containment detection and isolation, fire protection); plant safety management; design considerations for specific chemicals. (67959)

CIS 96-2271 The chemical release and fire at Associated Octel Company Limited. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 51p. Illus. 5 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-0830-1 (In English)

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Report of the investigation by the Health and Safety Executive into a chemical release and fire at an ethyl chloride plant at Ellesmere Port, United Kingdom in February 1994. While the immediate technical cause of the incident was the failure of a pipework component, the underlying cause was a failure on the part of the company to identify the risk of a major release in this part of the plant. The company was fined for putting at risk the health and safety of employees and others. Lessons to be learned from the incident are discussed. (67816)

CIS 96-2272 Safe use and storage of cellular plastics. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 36p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-1115-9 (In English)

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This guide concentrates mainly on process fire risks from the storage and use of cellular plastics. Contents: general safety principles (design and positioning of stores); types of storage accommodation and positioning of stock; housekeeping; sources of ignition and related fire hazards; special hazards and precautions for flexible polyurethane foam, expanded and extruded polystyrene, and rigid urethane and polyisocyanurate foam; fire precautions (means of escape, fire-resisting buildings, automatic fire detection and sprinkler systems, smoke ventilation, maintenance involving hot work). (67815)

CIS 96-2273 The essential pocket book of emergency chemical management. Quigley D.R., CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Boulevard, N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA, 1996. 134p. Price: GBP 12.95., ISBN 0-8493-8989-5 (In English)

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This book provides an alphabetical listing of over 600 substances with chemical safety data for use in emergency response situations. Data include: chemical name, Department of Transport and CAS numbers, form of the substance, fire protection codes, vapour pressure, water solubility, level of personal protective equipment required, incompatibilities with other chemicals, spill cleanup and recommended decontaminants, fire fighting agents and methods, and first aid. Data on isolation distances and reportable quantities are provided for some 300 substances. (67811)

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CIS 96-2274 Continuous exposure to noisy work environments does affect preferred leisure noise levels. Yearout R., Kwiatkowski C., Lisnerski D., Sprague K., Davis S., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.17, p.499-511. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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This is a two-phase study comparing leisure noise preferences for workers who were exposed to either a 'loud' (greater than or equal to 85dB(A)) or 'not loud' (< 85dB(A)) work environment. Phase 1 examined 110 subjects' noise level preferences that were recorded before and after work during a one-day period. Phase 2 recorded 12 additional subjects' preferences for five consecutive days. Results determined that leisure noise levels prior to work were not significantly different. Those exposed to the 'loud' environment preferred noise levels significantly higher than their noise levels before work. The authors' conclusion is that 'loud' work environments and consecutive daily exposure to these environments do influence preferred leisure noise levels. It is essential for any organization safety awareness programme to educate employees about hearing loss due to leisure as well as work activities. (67838)

CIS 96-2275 Adjusting the evaluation limit for broad-band whole-body vibration. Hong C., Yong-kui M., Jie W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.476-479. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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The vibration levels of 87 axes in 29 conventional industrial, agricultural and civil vehicles were measured, recorded and analyzed. The vehicle vibrations were broad-band vibrations. The mean deviation of the overall frequency-weighted vibration levels and the greatest single one-third octave band frequency-weighted vibration levels were calculated. It is suggested that 6dB is an appropriate adjustment of the evaluation limit when a broad-band whole-body vibration is characterized by a single quantity. (67857)

CIS 96-2276 Effect of occupational noise on the course and outcome of pregnancy. Hartikainen A.L., Sorri M., Anttonen H., Tuimala R., Läärä E., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.444-450. 20 ref. (In English)

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A prospective cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of occupational noise exposure on the course and outcome of pregnancy, especially on maternal blood pressure, preterm birth, birthweight and malformations. The exposed group consisted of 111 pregnant women, and the reference group comprised 181 pregnant women with approximately similar work conditions but without noise exposure. Despite of the problems with interpreting results, it seems that working in an environment of high noise exposure can be considered a form of risk during pregnancy. (68124)

CIS 96-2277 Trends in noise control for construction machinery. (Japanese: Kensetsu kikai no sōon taisaku gijutsu dōkō) Kitagawara T., Nishigaya T., Yamada M., Journal of the INCE of Japan, Aug. 1995, Vol.19, No.4, p.8-12. Illus. 3 ref. (In Japanese)

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In Japan, the average level of noise produced by construction machines or operations has decreased by more than 20dB in the last 25 years. Diesel hammer pile drivers have been replaced by augers, resulting in a 30dB decrease. The use of hydraulic crushers instead of impact breakers in demolition work has resulted in a 20dB decrease. Design improvements in excavators, compressors and diesel-powered generators gave a 20dB reduction. These changes reflected the passage of noise control laws and the promotion of a "Designation system of low-noise machinery" by the Ministry of Construction. This rating system identifies construction machinery that meets noise standards for given applications. The Ministry has also encouraged the use of low-noise machinery in public works. Further improvements will require more than the reduction of engine noise and enclosure of noisy parts that were practiced in the past; low-noise designs will be found for some kinds of construction equipment that pose special problems. (68153)

CIS 96-2278 Essential acquired cold urticaria: Stimulated only by systemic as well as local cooling. Cooke R.A., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.157-158. 9 ref. (In English)

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A food processing worker with a long history of eczema developed acute urticarial rash on the face following work in a chilled part of the factory during a spell of cold weather. A cold provocation test resulted in a pronounced urticarial rash. At warmer ambient temperatures, there was no reaction to the cold provocation test and the facial rash had improved. The report illustrates a case of essential acquired cold urticaria in which systemic cooling was necessary to produce a reaction to local cold provocation. (68027)

CIS 96-2279 Validation of a personal heat stress monitor. Reneau P.D., Bishop P.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.650-657. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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This study is an evaluation of the validity of a personal heat strain monitor in predicting body-core temperature. The rational basis for development of such a monitor is due to the large interindividual variability of workers' responses to heat and because working in heat is hard to manage safely, taking also into account differences in the protective suits. The results are that the validated monitor underestimates rectal temperature prediction for both vapour permeable and vapour barrier suits, but with the latter clothing it is more effective in alerting workers to incipient danger. (68047)

CIS 96-2280 Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers. Miller A.B., To T., Agnew D.A., Wall C., Green L.M., American Journal of Epidemiology, July 1996, Vol.144, No.2, p.150-160. 33 ref. (In English)

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Report on a nested case-control study of 1,484 cancer cases and 2,179 matched controls from a cohort of 31,543 Ontario Hydro (electrical utility for the province of Ontario, Canada) male employees. Associations of cancer risk with electric field exposure were evaluated and compared with previously reported findings for magnetic fields. Pensioners and active workers were followed for 18 years and 15 years, respectively. Exposures to electric and magnetic fields and to potential occupational confounders (such as ionizing radiation and known carcinogens) were estimated through job exposure matrices. Odds ratios were elevated for haematopoietic malignancies (all leukaemias) with cumulative electric field exposure. For cumulative magnetic field exposure, there were similar elevations. Evaluation of the combined effect of electric and magnetic fields for leukaemia showed significant elevations of risk for high exposure to both, with a dose-response relation for increasing exposure to electric fields and an inconsistent effect for magnetic fields. There was some evidence of a nonsignificant association for brain cancer and benign brain tumours with magnetic fields. For lung cancer, the odds ratio for high exposure to electric and magnetic fields was 1.84 (95% CI 0.69-4.94). (67890)

CIS 96-2281 Radon exposure. Radiological Protection Bulletin, Sep. 1996, No.181, p.8-35. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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These 13 articles cover: the hazards of exposure to radon; radon policy around the world; geology of radon; domestic radon surveys; radon at work (measurement programmes, reduction of exposure, underground workplaces); local authority radon campaigns; remedial measures (radon sump, sealing, ventilation); passive etched track detectors; quantities and units; metrology; thoron in indoor air; radon in drinking water; and doses from radon to tissues other than lung. (67957)

CIS 96-2282 A cognitive-behavioral treatment of patients suffering from "electric hypersensitivity". Andersson B., Berg M., Arnetz B.B., Melin L., Langlet I., Lidén S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.752-758. 28 ref. (In English)

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17 patients with "electric hypersensitivity" were randomly assigned to a psychological treatment group or a non-treatment control group. Subjective ratings of symptoms were recorded, levels of stress-related variables in blood were measured, and provocation tests using an electromagnetic field source were carried out. Patients in the treatment group reduced their disability ratings more than the control group, indicating that these individuals could benefit from cognitive-behavioural treatment. No biological effects of the electromagnetic fields were found and no correlation between subjective and objective measures. (68012)

CIS 96-2283 Electric power consumption and leukaemia death rate in Japan. Sokejima S., Kagamimori S., Tatsumura T., Lancet, 21 Sep. 1996, Vol.348, No.9030, p.821-822. 5 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication describes an investigation into the correlation between electric power consumption per person and male death rates in 47 prefectures in Japan. An inverse correlation was noted between consumption of electric power per person and death rate from leukaemia; an inverse correlation was also noted for all cancers. No correlation was noted for all causes of death. Results suggest a possible non-linear relation between electromagnetic fields and leukaemia which may explain the discrepant results of epidemiological investigations. (68019)

CIS 96-2284 Chronic damage to the eye caused by exposure to UV radiation - The epidemiological evidence. (Hebrew: Nezaqim chroniim laayin hanigramim al-yadei qrina ultra-sgula - haedut haepidemiologit) Belqin M., Idqun Ayin, 1995, No.5, p.4-8. 19 ref. (In Hebrew)

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Contents of this review article: At least part of the damage to the eyes associated with aging should in fact be attributed to environmental and occupational factors, e.g., to exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the case of welders. Epidemiological evidence for the chronic adverse effects to the eyes caused by UV radiation is presented. (68077)

CIS 96-2285 Occupational exposure of water-plant operators to high concentrations of radon-222 gas. Fisher E.L., Fuortes L.J., Field R.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.759-764. 19 ref. (In English)

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Aeration of water in water treatment plants may lead to the release of dissolved radon-222 gas inside the plant. Measurement of average annual air concentrations of radon-222 in 31 water plants in Iowa, USA revealed that some plants exceeded the maximum permissible concentration established for underground mines. 4 plants were monitored continuously for 3 to 6 days, and weekly exposures for the plant operators were estimated. Because of the short exposure time, none of the exposures examined exceeded the OSHA standard of 4 working-level months. Recommendations include avoiding aeration of ground water inside new and existing plants, ventilation, and monitoring airborne concentrations of radon-222. (68013)

CIS 96-2286 IRID: Specifications for the Ionising Radiations Incident Database. Thomas G.O., Croft J.R., Williams M.K., McHugh J.O., National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 39p. 18 ref. (In English)

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This document describes the development and operation of a national Ionising Radiations Incident Database (IRID) containing information on radiation incidents in industry, medicine, research and training. The personal computer based system includes a description of each incident with causes, consequences, follow-up actions and lessons to be learned. The scope of the database is described along with organizational arrangements, the database structure, and quality assurance. In appendix: data element dictionary, proforma for provision of incident data, and examples of incident reports. (67849)

CIS 96-2287 NRPB etched-track detectors for area monitoring of radon. Hardcastle G.D., Howarth C.B., Naismith S.P., Algar R.A., Miles J.C.H., National Radiological Protection Board, HMSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, Apr. 1996. 9p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-85951-393-9 (In English)

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An etched-track system for the production and processing of a large number of radon detectors each year is described. The operation of the detector is outlined along with procedures for quality control, issue and receipt of detectors, chemical etching, track counting, blind testing, record keeping and processing of results. The detectors are used for the assessment of population exposure, for epidemiologic studies, and in workplaces and dwellings to determine levels of radon. (67950)

CIS 96-2288 A guide to the Work in Compressed Air Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 81p. Price: GBP 10.50., ISBN 0-7176-1120-5 (In English)

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This document provides the text of the Work in Compressed Air Regulations 1996 with accompanying guidance. Provisions relate to appointment of compressed air contractor; notification of work; safe system of work; plant and equipment; appointment of contract medical adviser; medical surveillance; compression and decompression procedures; medical treatment; emergencies; fire precautions; information, instruction and training; fitness for work; intoxicating liquor and drugs; welfare facilities; identification of compressed air workers. Appendices include: use of portable electronic atmospheric gas monitoring equipment in compressed air workings; outline syllabus for a course in hyperbaric medicine. (67949)

CIS 96-2289 Approved code of practice for the management of noise in the workplace. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Sep. 1996. 70p. Illus. 59 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03593-0 (In English)

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This code of practice provides practical guidance on meeting legal requirements for the identification and management of occupational noise hazards. Contents: health effects of noise; noise hazard identification checklist; noise hazard assessment; planning and implementation of control measures; hearing protection and marking of noise areas and machinery; training and education; audiometric testing; responsibilities of designers, manufacturers and suppliers of plant and hearing protectors. Appendices include: noise assessment techniques; engineering controls; selection and maintenance of hearing protectors. (67969)

CIS 96-2290 Acoustics - Reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment - Part 7: Reference threshold of hearing under free-field and diffuse-field listening conditions. (French: Acoustique - Zéro de référence pour l'étalonnage d'équipements audiométriques - Partie 7: Niveau liminaire de référence dans des conditions d'écoute en champ libre et en champ diffus) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. iv. 9p. 20 ref. (In English, French)

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Standard in several parts on the reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment. This part, which pertains to the reference threshold of hearing under free-field and diffuse-field listening conditions, specifies a reference threshold of hearing for the calibration of audiometric equipment used under specific conditions. Main contents: scope; normative references; definitions (threshold of hearing; otologically normal person; reference threshold of hearing; diffuse sound field); specification. Tables and two informative annexes. (68129)

CIS 96-2291 Acoustics - Method for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by small air-moving devices. (French: Acoustique - Méthode de mesurage du bruit aérien émis par les petits équipements de ventilation) International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. iii, 23p. 5 ref. Illus. (In English, French)

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This international standard specifies a method for measuring airborne noise emitted by small air-moving devices such as those cooling electronic, electrical and mechanical equipment. It describes a method and the test apparatus for determining and reporting the airborne noise emitted by small air-moving devices (AMD) as a function of the airflow and the fan static pressure developed by the air-moving device on the test apparatus. Contents: scope; normative references; definitions (sound power level, air-moving device, fan, test plenum, air-moving device performance curve, point of operation, overall static efficiency of air-moving device, standard air density, frequency range of interest); measurement uncertainty; design and performance requirements for test plenum; installation; operation of air-moving device; measurement procedure; information to be recorded; information to be reported. Illustrations; informative annexes (data formats for presentation, test report). (68130)

CIS 96-2292 The management of radioactive waste in laboratories. McLintock I.S., H and H Scientific Consultants Ltd, P.O. Box MT27, Leeds LS17 8QP, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 108p. 50 ref. Index. Price: GBP 27.00 (overseas GBP 35.00, USD 75.00, CAD 90.00)., ISBN 0-94237-30-9 (In English)

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Contents of this handbook: organization of radioactive waste management in the United Kingdom; forms of waste and categorization according to activity; legislation; requirements under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993; waste minimization; management of solid, liquid, gaseous, and clinical radioactive wastes; storage; measurement of activity; records of waste management and disposal; transport of wastes. In appendices: units used in radiation protection; current and possible future dose limits; examples of measurements of radionuclides in waste. (67968)

CIS 96-2293 The selection, use and maintenance of molten metal protective clothing. Health and Safety Commission, Foundries Industry Advisory Committee, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iii, 30p. Illus. 9 ref. Price: GBP 8.50., ISBN 0-7176-1162-0 (In English)

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This guide describes the hazards of molten metal processes and outlines methods for controlling the risk. Detailed guidance is given on the choice of correct protective clothing: garments required (typical minimum requirements); type of material (flame resistance, transmission of heat); garment labelling; and clothing design (style, fit, comfort and reliability). Additional protective equipment is briefly described along with training in its use and maintenance, care of clothing, supervision, and financial costs. (67817)

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CIS 96-2294 Safety in high pressure water jetting. French M.A., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1996, Vol.14, No.8, p.18-22. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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Hazards associated with the use of high pressure water jets are described, in particular their use by contractors working on sites with which they are unfamiliar. Hazard prevention measures include: risk assessment of the site; safe procedures for shutting off the water jet; use of appropriate hoses and connections; enclosure of the work area; protective clothing (wet suit, safety boots, safety helmet with a high impact-resistant visor); avoidance of physical fatigue; protection against flying debris and noise; disinfection of clothing and equipment; operator training; adequate waste disposal. (67825)

CIS 96-2295 A population-based study of tractor-related injuries: Regional Rural Injury Study-I (RRIS-I). Lee T.Y., Gerberich S.G., Gibson R.W., Carr W.P., Shutske J., Renier C.M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.38, No.8, p.782-793. 24 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of farm-related accidents was carried out among 3939 farm households in 5 states of the USA in 1990. Injury rates were calculated for sociodemographic variables and various exposures. Among the total of 764 injury events, 65 (8.4%) were related to regular tractor use (495 injuries per 100,000 persons per year). Rates increased incrementally for persons working between 20 to 39 and 60 to 79 hours per week. The majority of injury events occurred while workers were mounting or dismounting the tractor. Specific design characteristics of the tractors associated with these events need to be investigated. (68017)

CIS 96-2296 Shoring - Success through safety. (German: Schalarbeiten - Erfolg durch Sicherheit) Fellner E., Tiefbau, Apr. 1995, Vol.107, No.4, p.286-288, 290-297. Illus. (In German)

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Safe working methods in shoring of concrete are outlined. Great emphasis is placed on tools, scaffolds and cranes. Essential design features which make the equipment safe are presented. (68160)

CIS 96-2297 Road safety improvement in large companies. An experimental comparison of different measures. Gregersen N.P., Brehmer B., Morén B., Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, Vol.28, No.3, p.297-306. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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This study compares four different measures for reducing accident involvement through changed driver behaviour: i.e. driver training, group discussions, campaigns and bonuses for accident-free driving. Five groups of approximately 900 Swedish professional drivers were used in the experiment and followed for two years. Four of the groups were test groups, where each took part in one of the measures. The fifth group was a control group. Group discussions and driver training succeeded in reducing the accident risk in the test groups, when compared with the control group. Accident costs were reduced in all four test groups, but not in the control group. (67839)

CIS 96-2298 Wire rope grip terminations. Corden C.H.H., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iv, 83p. Illus. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1132-9 (In English)

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This report presents results of performance tests on wire rope terminations using BS 642 wire rope grips; a small number of tests were also made using other grips for comparison purposes. The test method is described and results of tests in each phase of the programme are discussed. In general, the tests indicated a rapid loss of torque with time on BS 462 grips. As a result of this research, BS 642 was eventually withdrawn in 1991. Recommendations for the use of terminations currently made with BS 462 wire rope grips are put forward. (67848)

CIS 96-2299 Pipeline leak detection study. Stafford M., Williams N., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. iii, 54p. Illus. 40 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1167-1 (In English)

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This report reviews current and emerging methods of detecting leaks in pipelines in order to determine best practices in use today. Features of different commercial leak detection systems are examined and legislative requirements in different countries are outlined. The major conclusion is that automatic leak detection is heavily dependent on leak size, and that reasonable expectations of performance may fall far short of operational or supplier claims. Guidelines for the selection of a leak detection system are put forward. (67829)

CIS 96-2300 Maintenance related incidents in topside systems. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vii, 63p. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1125-6 (In English)

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This report describes the development of a database containing information on 1,971 maintenance related incidents on offshore installations during the period 1989 to 1991. 290 incidents occurred during maintenance activities; 599 were possibly related to maintenance being incorrectly or inadequately carried out. The computer based system allows for ongoing data storage and automatic data analysis for use in trend monitoring and cluster analysis. (67830)

CIS 96-2301 Controlling the risk of steel-framed farm buildings collapsing during erection. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. 2p. Illus. (In English)

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This data sheet describes the hazards associated with the erection of steel-framed farm structures and provides guidance on compliance with current legislation. Advice is given on: appointment of a competent person to plan and oversee the work; appropriate site procedures; and preferred systems of erection to ensure temporary stability of the structure. (67846)

CIS 96-2302 Manual handling operations: Baggage handling at airports. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1996. 4p. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides guidance on avoiding injury during baggage handling operations at airports. Legal requirements under the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 are described: avoiding manual handling of loads where there is a risk of injury; risk assessment of manual handling operations; reducing the risk by considering the task, the load, the working environment, the individual's capacity, provision of training, and the possible use of lumbar support belts. (68065)

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CIS 96-2303 Protection of workers exposed to biological agents. Study on the prevention of hepatitis B by means of vaccination in a cohort of such workers. Consideration after a 5-year follow-up. (Italian: Protezione dei lavoratori dagli agenti biologici. Una esperienza di vaccinoprofilassi contro l'epatite B in una popolazione di professionalmente esposti a rischio. Considerazioni dopo 5 anni di follow-up) Romano C., De Luca G., Archivio di Scienze del Lavoro, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.11, No.1, p.17-21. 20 ref. (In Italian)

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The results are reported of a cohort study conducted for 5 years in 82 workers exposed to biological hazards (manipulation of sera in a pharmaceutical plant). The workers were vaccinated at scheduled intervals (three doses) against hepatitis B. The effectiveness of their immunization was repeatedly checked in subsequent years by means of an anti-HBs titre assay. In 96.3% of the subjects the result of the assay was positive (HBsAb >10mUI/mL serum level, i.e. the generally accepted cut-off value for a specific positive response). Only three subjects (3.66%) showed no response. To protect these workers, a further administration of vaccine is proposed by some experts. Booster doses 1-2 months after the third dose of vaccine are suggested for workers with anti-HB titres below 10mUI/mL, in order to prolong their immunity against HBV. Repeated serum controls are recommended for all workers every 4-5 years. (67892)

CIS 96-2304 Quantitation of free-living amoebae and bacterial populations in eyewash stations relative to flushing frequency. Bowman E.K., Vass A.A., Mackowski R., Owen B.A., Tyndall R.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.626-633. Illus. 28 ref. (In English)

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This study investigated amoebic and bacterial populations in eyewash station water relative to various flushing regimens. Amoeba concentrations (of genus Hartmannella and Acanthamoeba) averaged approximately 200 amoebae/100mL in 13 of 15 stations. Bacterial concentrations ranged from 0 to more than 100.000 colony forming units per mL. Weekly 3-minute flushes appeared to be more effective in maintaining lowered bacterial, but not amoebic, concentrations. (68044)

CIS 96-2305 Air quality in an animal facility: Particulates, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Kacergis J.B., Jones R.B., Reeb C.K., Turner W.A., Ohman J.L., Ardman M.R., Paigen B., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1996, Vol.57, No.7, p.634-640. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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This study measured concentrations of ammonia, volatile organic compounds, particles and mouse allergen in an animal facility. Ammonia concentrations averaged less than 1ppm; volatile organic compounds were in the 5-15µg/m³ range (only the terpenes a-pinene and a-terpinol were consistently present in concentrations greater than in outdoor air). The primary air contaminant of known pathological significance was the mouse allergen Mus mI. A particle counter was used effectively in this animal facility to identify specific activities that generate high levels of both particles and allergens. To reduce exposure to allergen during cage changing, which is the major activity for an animal caretaker, a capture-type ventilated changing table was designed and tested. Exposure to allergen was thus reduced in the workers' breathing zone from 4.9±1.1 to 2.1±0.3ng Mus mI/m³, a level comparable to background levels. (68045)

CIS 96-2306 Assessment of worker exposure to airborne molds in honeybee overwintering facilities. Sigler L., Abbott S.P., Gauvreau H., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.484-490. 39 ref. (In English)

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Air samples were collected inside ten overwintering buildings at different beekeeping facilities in Alberta (Canada) both before and during routine beekeeping activities. Samples were also collected from 15 sites used for annual equipment cleaning. High levels of airborne moulds were identified, especially during cleaning activities; potentially toxic, pathogenic or allergenic moulds were recovered at all sites. Measures to help minimize worker exposure are outlined. (67858)

CIS 96-2307 Hay treatment with lactic bacteria (Pediococcus pentosaceus) does not seem to protect the respiratory health of agricultural workers. (French: Le traitement du foin avec des bactéries lactiques (Pediococcus pentosaceus) ne semble pas protéger la santé respiratoire des travailleurs agricoles) Duchaine C., Bédard G., Mériaux A., Cormier Y., Travail et santé, Dec. 1996, Vol.12, No.4, p.S-20 to S-23. 15 ref. (In French)

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In the province of Quebec (Canada), lyophilized lactic bacteria (Pediococcus pentosaceus) are added to hay in order to prevent the development of farmer's lung and other respiratory diseases among exposed farmers. A study was conducted on 19 farms of the Quebec City area that had used this kind of treatment for at least 2 years and on 18 "control" farms that had not. The study relied on answers to a questionnaire survey concerning respiratory symptoms and on the evaluation of specific serum IgG in blood samples (in particular, against P. pentosaceus and 3 common air contaminants). Spirometry was used to measure ventilatory capacity. The proportion of farmers with specific serum IgE against the antigens in question was similar in the two groups, while the respiratory health indices did not differ significantly either. It appears therefore that P. pentosaceus does not protect the health of farm workers, even though almost one half (47%) of users rely on this microorganism for this purpose. (68128)

CIS 96-2308 Biological substances used at work from the viewpoint of the fire brigade. (German: Biologische Arbeitsstoffe aus der Sicht der Feuerwehr) Petter F., Brandschutz, Jan. 1995, Vol.49, No.1, p.49-55. Illus. 9 ref. (In German)

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In some laboratories microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, hazardous cell cultures and radioactively marked substances are used. The local fire brigade needs to be informed of the biological agents used in all laboratories in its district. This information enables the fire brigade to determine the hazard posed in each case with the help of the classification of biological hazards in the European directive 90/679/EEC. All actions and protective measures by the fire brigade in case of a laboratory fire need to be based on the worst hazard that the particular laboratory poses. (68141)

CIS 96-2309 Occupational asthma in greenhouse tomato growing. Erlam A.R., Johnson A.J., Wiley K.N., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.163-164. 9 ref. (In English)

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An employee in a commercial tomato growing greenhouse developed asthma of increasing severity over a period of eight years. Occupational asthma was diagnosed. Initial allergy testing was negative, but further investigation of the workplace gave rise to suspicion of arthropod allergy. Immunological testing confirmed sensitization to red spider mite. (68029)

CIS 96-2310 Prevention of infection in dentistry and dental staff habits: Results of a field survey. (Italian: Prevenzione delle infezioni e comportamenti del personale in odontoiatria: risultati di un'indagine sul campo) Ficarra M.G., Deli G., Di Liso G., Berloco F., Rizzelli R., Archivio di Scienze del Lavoro, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.11, No.1, p.1-6. 7 ref. (In Italian)

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This study is based on a questionnaire self administered by dental professionals in order to assess their knowledge of the risks of catching an infectious disease and of preventive measures to be adopted in the work place. Only 47% of the interviewed staff claimed to have a good knowledge of AIDS; while 46% considered their knowledge to be barely sufficient. About 1/4 of the subjects thought it was understandable that some health workers could decline to treat HIV-positive patients. Utilization of protective devices (gloves, masks, goggles) was satisfactory. However, a significant number of these workers had not been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Basic rules of hygiene were observed by a limited number of nurses (only 7% of them washed their hands after each single treatment). A low percentage of workers used an antibacterial preparation after washing their hands. The importance of adequate health training for all health staff is stressed. (67891)

CIS 96-2311 Occupational infections. Snashall D., British Medical Journal, 31 Aug. 1996, Vol.313, p.551-554. Illus. (In English)

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This information note is part of the series ABC of Work Related Disorders. The following conditions are surveyed: anthrax, glanders, ankylostomiasis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis (B and C), HIV infection, diseases spread from farm animals, non-agricultural diseases (due to contaminated oil, ear infections in divers, legionellosis, infections transmitted to health workers, Lyme disease in forestry workers). Because of their increased risk of infection, workers in certain occupations need specific immunizations. (67869)

CIS 96-2312 BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) - Background and general occupational guidance. Health and Safety Commission, Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk, CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1996. 10p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-1212-0 (In English)

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This booklet describes the nature and causes of BSE, occupational risks, possible routes of transmission and control measures. Basic precautions for occupational groups at risk (farmers, veterinary surgeons, slaughterhouse workers) include avoidance of cuts, abrasions or puncture wounds, use of protective clothing, face protection, personal hygiene, cleaning of work areas and equipment, and appropriate waste disposal. (67963)

CIS 96-2313 Occupational health risks from cattle. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Sep. 1996. 3p. 1 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet describes occupational risks from the cattle disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and from zoonoses. Contents: occurrence of BSE and limiting the spread of the disease; the risk to humans (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease); exposure to BSE and zoonoses at work; precautions against zoonoses (avoiding cuts or puncture wounds, use of personal protective equipment); safe cleaning of bins which have contained meat and bone meal. (68064)

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CIS 96-2314 Knee pathology among seafarers: A review of 299 patients. Pearce M.S., Buttery Y.E., Brueton R.N., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.137-140. Illus. 10 ref. (In English)

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A study of 299 actively serving or retired seafarers with knee problems revealed 51% with knee osteoarthritis and 31% with genu varus [sic] or bow legs. It is suggested that these problems resulted from repetitive minor trauma to the medial compartment of the knee and frequent climbing of stairs within the vertical environment of a moving ship. Improvements in ship design and the application of sound work practices are proposed. (68024)

CIS 96-2315 Night and shift work conditions and health in the Japanese chemical and allied industries: Results of a questionnaire study. (Japanese: Kagaku kōgyō kanren rōdōsha no shin'ya kōtai kimmujōken to kenkō: shitsumonshi chōsahō ni yoru kentō) Nishiyama K., Fukutome K., Yamashita H., Taoda K., Kitahara T., Watanabe S., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Aug. 1995, Vol.71, No.8, p.311-333. Illus. 10 ref. (In Japanese)

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Survey of members of a union representing about 7% of the regular workers in the sector. Data were obtained from the union, and from 4045 male workers, including 1844 shift workers, and 873 women, including 16 shift workers. Because of the small sample of female shift workers, the study focused on the male group. There were 79 rotating shift systems and 4 regular night duty systems. Although shift workers complained more frequently than day workers of cumulative fatigue and expressed more anxiety about their health, there was no difference between the groups in health status. Shift workers complained more often of problems with work schedules and of shortcomings in the work environment. The proportion of smokers was higher among the shift workers. Both shift and day workers averaged 6.7h/day of sleep at home, but the former reported poor environments for daytime sleeping after a night shift. Those who could nap for more than 2h during a night shift reported less fatigue than other shift workers. Workers in the 5-team, 3-shift system promoted by the Japanese union movement did not necessarily enjoy better health or better working conditions. Where such systems were adopted without increasing the number of shift workers, increases were reported in work intensity, working hours, double shifts and duty calls on days off. (68156)

CIS 96-2316 Job task and psychosocial risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among newspaper employees. Bernard B., Sauter S., Fine L., Petersen M., Hales T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Dec. 1994, Vol.20, No.6, p.417-426. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and work-related factors among employees using video display terminals at a large metropolitan newspaper. A total of 973 workers completed the survey on their symptoms, job tasks, and psychosocial and work organization conditions. The results suggest a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities among newspaper employees and they provide additional evidence that increased work load, time pressure, and more hours of computer use are related to the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among these workers, particularly for disorders in the hand or wrist area. (68122)

CIS 96-2317 The work load of warehouse workers in three different working systems. Braam I.T.J., van Dormolen M., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.17, p.469-480. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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The purpose of this study was to compare three working systems (highly mechanized (HM), moderately mechanized (MM), and slightly mechanized (SM)), concerning the time spent on tasks, activities during the working day, postures that occurred, physiological work load, perceived exertion and recovery from work. In the SM system more time was spent with the trunk flexed more than 75° than with the other two systems. This posture was very common during the lifting of objects, and lifting was done more often in this system than in the others. In the MM system the warehouse workers had the highest estimated oxygen uptake and reported the highest perceived exertion at the end of the working day. The workers in the HM system had a shorter working day and had less problems with recovery from work than the workers of the other two systems. Poor working postures like rotation and lateroflexion were commonly found in the HM working system. In conclusion, the HM system was considered most favourable when it concerned work load and recovery from work. The appliances used in the HM system, and especially the electric car, need to be designed according to ergonomic guidelines to avoid poor working postures. (67840)

CIS 96-2318 Guidelines - A review of ISO and CEN standards on ergonomics. Dul J., de Vlaming P.M., Munnik M.J., International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.17, p.291-297. 4 ref. (In English)

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Standards in the field of ergonomics contain much relevant knowledge for the design and evaluation of industrial workplaces, visual displays etc. An increasing number of official ergonomic standards has become available. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), have published 28 ergonomic standards, with another 69 in preparation (most of these will be published within 2-3 years). The titles of all these standards are listed in this review. Best-covered areas are VDU work, danger signals, thermal stress, manual material handling and mental workload. A computer database, called PERI-NORM, including national standards from many countries, is also described. (67881)

CIS 96-2319 Working time around the world. Conditions of Work Digest, 1995, Vol.14, xi, 398p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 50.00., ISBN 92-2-109510-X (In English)

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This report provides an overview of working time legislation throughout the world, and focuses on trends in regulation and practice in 16 countries. Basic legal provisions in 151 countries are tabulated with a summary of the main findings. Potential health hazards of some flexible working time measures which allow long hours in a day or during one or two weeks are outlined. (67970)

CIS 96-2320 Performance analysis of keyboard operations. Gilad I., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.101-110. 11 ref. (In English)

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Among data-entry operators of both sexes, the split computer-keyboard was preferred for comfort over conventional keyboards; in addition, the use of a split, adjustable keyboard reduced the number of typing errors and increased productivity. (68079)

CIS 96-2321 Geometrical considerations in keyboard design. Gilad I., Israel Journal of Occupational Health, 1996, Vol.1, No.2, p.111-118, 14 ref. (In English)

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Evidence collected from professional typists indicates that in touch-typing work the use of a negative-slope computer-keyboard design decreased musculoskeletal effort, increased typing performance and improved postural comfort. (68080)

CIS 96-2322 An isoinertial predictor for maximal acceptable lifting weights of Chinese male subjects. Lee Y.H., Chen Y.L., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1996, Vol.57, No.5, p.456-463. 40 ref. (In English)

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The practicality of using restrained as well as standard isoinertial strength tests in predicting the maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) of Chinese male subjects was examined. MAWLs were determined for 22 subjects performing various lifting tasks; standard and restrained isoinertial strength tests were conducted on an incremental weight lifting machine. The restrained knuckle height isoinertial strength was significantly related to the MAWL for all tasks, indicating that this test is a valid predictor for the MAWLS in these subjects. The low cost and simplicity of the test render it useful and effective in an industrial setting. (67854)

CIS 96-2323 Occupation and risk for the occurrence of low-back pain (LBP) in Danish employees. Xu Y., Bach E., Ørhede E., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.131-136. 27 ref. (In English)

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Based on data from a nation-wide cross-sectional survey carried out in 1990, the risk for the occurrence of low back pain in various occupations was investigated among 5185 Danish workers. After adjusting for age and sex, significantly increased risks of low back pain were observed in three out of nine major occupational categories: health care and social work; mining, quarrying and construction work; and manufacturing and machine operation work. Skilled and unskilled manual workers appeared to experience increased risk. The study highlights key populations for intervention. (68023)

CIS 96-2324 Normal cholesterol measurements in white collar workers still at cardiovascular risk?. Berg J.E., Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1996, Vol.46, No.2, p.141-145. 34 ref. (In English)

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In a study of cardiovascular risk among 229 employees in a non-manufacturing firm in Norway, total cholesterol levels were compared with two compound indices of blood lipid components. Cut-off values to separate between high- and low-risk subjects were based on current clinical guidelines. Among subjects classified as low-risk based on total cholesterol measurements alone, between 12% and 23% would have been classified as high-risk using one of the two compound indices. Although further studies are needed to confirm these findings, results suggest avoidance of measurements of some single lipid factors. (68025)

CIS 96-2325 Work-related factors of low back pain among nursing aides in nursing homes for the elderly. Fujimura T., Yasuda N., Ohara H., Journal of Occupational Health, Mar. 1995, Vol.37, No.2, p. 89-98. Illus. 45 ref. (In English)

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Questionnaire survey of the working conditions and health of 555 nursing aides employed in Special Nursing Homes for the Elderly in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. (These facilities care for bedridden elderly persons, or those with physical or mental disabilities.) Of the 463 responses, only those from women (443) were analyzed. An additional questionnaire concerning the dependence of patients on nursing aides was sent to the chief nursing aide in each facility. The one-month prevalence of low back pain (LBP) was 77.0% among the subjects, and 24.5% of those suffering LBP were themselves under medical care. LBP victims reported more difficulty in caring for patients and submitted more complaints about working conditions and the work environment than did the other subjects. The higher the dependence of patients on nursing aides, the higher the prevalence of LBP. (68154)

CIS 96-2326 Relationship of task strain and physical strength to end-of-work fatigue among nurses at social welfare facilities. Shimaoka M., Hiruta S., Ono Y., Yabe K., Journal of Occupational Health, 20 July 1995, Vol.37, No.4, p. 227-233. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Ninety-nine nurses who performed night duty at the public social welfare facilities of a Japanese city underwent physical examinations and interviews. Their ages were 20-49 years. The 40-49-year age group had the highest indices of muscle strength, in contrast to the decline in strength with age seen in standard values for the Japanese population. Maximal oxygen uptake, flexibility of the body and skinfold thickness were used in addition to strength as measures of fitness. When the nurses were divided into high-fatigue and low-fatigue groups on the basis of reported post-shift symptoms, there was general correlation of lower fatigue with higher fitness. However, when the subjects were asked to rate the fatigue associated with individual patient-care tasks the correlation was not consistent. This shows that promoting fitness among nursing staff will not be sufficient to combat fatigue: ergonomic measures to reduce the strain of some tasks will also be necessary. (68155)

CIS 96-2327 Inventory of health promotion at work - with special attention paid to physical strain. (German: Bilanzierung belastungsorientierter Gesundheitsförderung im Betrieb - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der körperlichen Belastungen) Prior A., Renner A., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 183p. approx. 320 ref., ISBN 3-89429-971-1 (In German)

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A survey of the physical fitness programmes offered in German enterprises is given. As far as available, information is provided on the initiators, costs, sponsors and the success of the programmes. The majority of programmes offered at present aim to prevent back trouble. A general evaluation of the physical fitness programmes is presented. Experiences with setting up the fitness programmes are described. (67930)

CIS 96-2328 Occupational ergonomics - Theory and applications. Bhattacharya A., McGlothlin J.D., eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA, 1996. xiv, 832p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-8247-9419-2 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: principles of ergonomics (anthropometry, body mechanics, neuromuscular function, physical work capacity); application of ergonomic principles in job analysis, evaluation and design of workstations and tools, manual materials handling, office work, shiftwork, and fall prevention using slip resistance testing; medical surveillance for ergonomics programmes; case studies in the automotive, health care and construction industries and in warehousing; recent developments in upper extremity cumulative disorders, human vibration, manual lifting, legal aspects, and exposure assessment; and ergonomic research in Sweden, India, China and Taiwan. In appendices: ergonomics checklists; information and software sources. Glossary. (67961)

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CIS 96-2329 Associations between organizational factors and safety and contingency measures on offshore petroleum platforms. Rundmo T., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1994, Vol.20, No.2, p.122-127. Illus. 15 ref. (In English)

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The study determined the associations between organizational factors and safety and contingency measures among employees on the Norwegian continental shelf. Substantial correlations were found between management and employee commitment and involvement in safety work, social support, attitudes towards safety measures, and the personnel's satisfaction-dissatisfaction with the safety and contingency measures. Employee perceptions of greater management commitment, social support, and subjective evaluations of priorities of safety versus production goals were all important predictor variables for employee satisfaction with safety and contingency measures. (68109)

CIS 96-2330 Bogus behaviour. Gilby R., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1996, Vol.14, No.8, p.13-15. 12 ref. (In English)

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Criticisms of the behaviour-based approach to safety are discussed. It is argued that this approach seems to ignore feelings, attitudes and expectations and other cognitive variables that are known to impact on or initiate behaviour. An alternative approach is put forward based on organization development and safety culture. Organizations with a positive safety culture are characterized by communications founded on mutual trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of safety and by confidence in the efficacy of preventive measures. (67824)

CIS 96-2331 Coping with aggression and violence at work. Brennan W.J., Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 1996, Vol.14, No.8, p.46-48. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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Techniques for coping with aggression and violence at work are described: recognizing the signs and symptoms of aggression; responding to violence (stress management); allowing adequate personal space for potentially violent individuals; appropriate posture, body language, eye contact and verbal interaction; management of violence (physical environment, dealing with high risk groups, developing interpersonal skills); victim support. (67826)

CIS 96-2332 Battling the stress monster. Bateman P., Safeguard, July/Aug. 1996, No.38, p.17-22. Illus. (In English)

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The nature of occupational stress is discussed with particular reference to four stressors: workload, uncertainty, lack of autonomy and conflict. It is argued that stress should be considered as a human resources issue rather than as a medical problem; managers need to be trained in the detection and measurement of stress and in its management. A draft document covering stress, fatigue and shift work issued by the New Zealand Occupational Safety and Health Service has been generally well-received by employers and will be finalized and issued as a guideline. (67827)

CIS 96-2333 Accident locus of control and risk taking among forestry and construction workers. Salminen S., Klen T., Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1994, Vol.78, p.852-854. 15 ref. (In English)

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A total of 228 forestry and 45 construction workers completed the questionnaire for the Accident Locus of Control Scale. Subjects who perceive that events are contingent on their own behaviour or personal qualities they are said to have an internal locus of control, and have been found to take fewer risks than externally-oriented subjects. Forestry workers had a higher score on the external locus of control scale than construction workers. The results support a two-dimensional view of control rather than a unidimensional view. (67837)

CIS 96-2334 Work and mental health: High-risk groups. (French: Travail et santé mentale: les groupes à risque) Vézina M., Gingras S., Canadian Journal of Public Health - Revue canadienne de santé publique, Mar.-Apr. 1996, Vol.87, No.2, p.135-140. 38 ref. (In French)

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Quebec industrial sectors in which workers (blue collar and professionals) are at risk of higher psychological distress and lower psychological well-being were analyzed by means of two questionnaires. Risk levels were measured by looking at the following indicators: health status, sex, social support and stressful life events. Blue collar workers and less qualified workers in traditional economic sectors were found to be at risk, especially in the following industrial sectors: leather, chemicals, paint and varnish industries; urban bus transport and taxi driving; shoe, clothing and textile retail stores; department stores; restaurant services; insurance and public administration (excluding defence). Among occupations, increased risks of mental health problems were found in the following categories: road transport (excluding truck drivers); textile, leather, fur manufacturing and repair; housekeeping and maintenance; painters, tapestry-workers, insulation and waterproofing; food and beverages sector; data processors; editors and university professors. (67866)

CIS 96-2335 Validation of the Italian version of the Kjellberg & Iwanowski "Mood Scale". (Italian: Validazione della versione italiana della Mood Scale di Kjellberg & Iwanowski) Camerino D., Ferrario M., Merluzzi F., Origgi G., Barducci M., Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1996, Vol.87, No.2, p.99-109. Illus. 18 ref. (In Italian)

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Two questionnaires were administered to 1652 office workers of Milan City Council, in order to assess their cardiovascular health status and the impact of stress factors on it. For the first aspect the WHO Mopsy Questionnaire, while for the other the Swedish Kjellberg & Iwanowski Mood Scale were utilized. This method is used for the measurement of stress and arousal conditions in neurotoxicology. The aim of the study was to validate the Italian translation of the original Mood Scale questionnaire, correlating it with other questionnaires, such as the above mentioned Mopsy scale. This questionnaire has possible uses in health surveillance and for investigations of stress and arousal changes in the workplace. A good surface and construct validity and good internal consistency were observed. (67894)

CIS 96-2336 Cognitive-behavioural treatment for workers with chronic spinal pain - A matched and controlled cohort study in Sweden. Jensen I.B., Nygren Å., Lundin A., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1994, Vol.51, No.3, p.145-151. 15 ref. (In English)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate an ambulatory multimodal cognitive-behavioural treatment programme by assessing its positive and negative impact both physically and psychologically. A distinctive feature of the strategy was that the workplace supervisors of the employees were taught to reinforce the behavioural changes of employed patients. This strategy was also designed to augment supervisors' understanding of pain and to teach them how to reintegrate employees who had participated in a cognitive-behavioural programme of rehabilitation. All primary outcome variables assessed (absenteeism, disability, pain, and depression) showed clinically important and significant beneficial changes. However, the benefits were only among women in the study. (68101)

CIS 96-2337 Psychosocial stressors at work and musculoskeletal problems. Houtman I.L.D., Bongers P.M., Smulders P.G.W., Kompier M.A.J., Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1994, Vol.20, No.2, p.139-145. 30 ref. (In English)

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The relationship between work stressors and health indicators such as psychosomatic complaints, health behaviour and musculoskeletal problems was investigated. Psychosocial stressors are not only associated with psychosomatic complaints and health indicators, but also with musculoskeletal problems, both acute and chronic. Especially the relation between intellectual discretion and musculoskeletal problems can be partly attributed to physical load. Even after adjustment for physical stressors and personal characteristics, the relationship between the psychosocial stressors and musculoskeletal problems remained significant and comparable in strength to the relationship between psychosocial stressors and several other health outcomes, such as psychosomatic complaints. (68110)

CIS 96-2338 The relation between job characteristics, job-related stress, and health related symptoms among middle-aged male workers in Japan. Sakano J., Yamazaki Y, Sekiya E., Uehata T., Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, Jan. 1995, Vol.71, No.1, p.1-12. 33 ref. (In English)

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Data from a questionnaire survey covering 30,610 workers (23,690 respondents) in 10 sectors of the economy. The questions bore on three variables: job characteristics, perceived occupational stress and health-related symptoms of stress. The job characteristics (stress factors) measured were level of demands, scope for decision-making and support from co-workers. The 16,363 responses from men in the 30-59-year age group were analyzed. In general, stress increased with increasing job demands, decreasing scope for decision making and decreasing social support, as predicted by models originally developed in Europe and North America. However, the data did not support the hypotheses that high demands and low decision latitude produce the highest stress, and that increasing decision latitude is effective in maintaining a healthy work environment. The correlation of symptoms with perceived stress was stronger than that between symptoms and stress factors, which shows that perception has a greater effect on well-being than the objective work environment. (68157)

CIS 96-2339 Alcohol and occupational injuries among older workers. Zwerling C., Sprince N.L., Wallace R.B., Davis C.S., Whitten P.S., Heeringa S.G., Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, Vol.28, No.3, p.371-376. 14 ref. (In English)

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In this study the relationship between alcohol use and occupational injuries was examined in a nationally representative sample of older American workers (i.e. a cohort of 6,857 subjects 51-61 years old). The association between responses to four questions of the CAGE alcoholism screening test, a self-report of average daily alcohol consumption (0-5+ drinks per day) and the occurrence of an occupational injury within the last year was assessed. It was found that moderate drinkers (1-2 drinks per day) had lower injury rates than either heavy drinkers or teetotallers. For the CAGE questions, the proportion of injuries increased in most cases with the number of positive responses. Data from other investigations are also compared. (67833)

CIS 96-2340 Increasing claims for soft tissue injuries in workers' compensation: Cost shifting and moral hazard. Butler R.J., Durbin D.L., Helvacian N.M., Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1996, Vol.13, p.73-87. 33 ref. (In English)

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During the last decade, the distribution of workers' compensation claims has exhibited a marked shift towards soft tissue injuries such as sprains, strains, and low back claims. There are three possible explanations for this trend: (1) safety incentives induced by workers compensation or OSHA may have reduced other, traumatic claims; (2) the movement away from heavy manufacturing and the 1980 construction recession may have changed the underlying risk of a workplace injury; and (3) there has been moral hazard behaviour (misclassification of injuries as occupational, overdiagnosis of disabilities, longer than necessary stays on disability leave, more risk taking) on the part of workers and health care providers. Moral hazard arises whenever the difficult-to-monitor activities of the participants of the disability system increase the insurance liability of the firm owners. Using a new data source and estimation framework, the authors find evidence that moral hazard response explains most of the 30% increase in the proportion of soft tissue injuries during the 1980s. (67864)

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