CIS 96-1 Ordinance No.2/1995 (6 Jan.) of the Minister of Labour concerning the rules for the issuing of certificates for personal protective equipment [Hungary]. (Hungarian: A munkaügyi miniszter 2/1995. (I. 6.) MüM rendelete az egyéni védőeszközök minősítő bizonyítványa kiadásának szabályairól) Munkaügyi Közlöny, 25 Jan. 1995, Vol.39, No.1, p.24-69. Illus. (In Hungarian)

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This ordinance (effective 21 Jan. 1995) was issued under Hungarian Act No.93 concerning occupational safety and health (CIS 94-1). It defines personal protective equipment (PPE) (excluding those used for the protection of military and police forces and athletes). The ordinance is not concerned with equipment providing protection against ionizing radiation. Certification of PPE is the responsibility of the OMMF (the National OSH and Labour Inspectorate). Certificates are normally issued for 3 years. However, should relevant regulations change or the PPE be significantly altered, its certification will be withdrawn. All PPE must bear its approval mark in a prominent place. Costs of certification are to be met by the requestor. PPE are also subject to control tests in certain situations. In annex: sample certificate request forms; general health and safety requirements of PPE (based on directive 89/686/EEC); PPE testing methods not regulated by existing standards; list of PPE subject to manufacturer's suitability declarations; list of PPE that does not need health testing; the approval mark; list of relevant standards of legal force. The ordinance (but not its annexes) was also published in Magyar Közlöny, 6 Jan. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.16-19. (66041)

CIS 96-2 Factories Act [Guyana]. In: The Laws of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana, 1977, 28p. (In English)

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The basic law (Act 30 of 1947) relating to factories in Guyana, as amended to 1974. Contents: definitions and scope (the Act applies, in addition to factories, to docks, building operations and engineering construction works); registration of factories with the Labour Authority; administration (powers and duties) of the Act by the Labour Authority, inspectors and examining surgeons (i.e. medical inspectors of labour); safety in factories (including prohibition of the employment of children); hours of work and holidays; power to issue regulations; penalties; keeping of registers. In schedule: list of premises where persons are employed in manual labour. (66042)

CIS 96-3 Factories Ordinance [Trinidad and Tobago]. In: Revised Ordinances of Trinidad and Tobago, 1950, p.113-182. (In English)

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This Ordinance was issued on 18 Dec. 1948. In Trinidad and Tobago, factories are defined as workplaces where manual labour is carried out for manufacturing and most other purposes. Contents: general provisions concerning health (cleanliness, overcrowding, ventilation, lighting, sanitation) and safety (machine guarding, passageways and means of access, lifting equipment, steam boilers, pressure vessels, fire escapes, power of courts to make orders as to dangerous conditions and practices); special provisions (prohibition of white phosphorus, laundries, prohibition of the lifting of excessive weights by young persons); right to issue regulations and orders; prohibition of importation and sale of prohibited materials; right of inspector to take samples; notification and investigation of accidents and industrial diseases; special provisions relating to the employment of women and young persons (prohibition of the employment of children); special applications and extensions (electrical stations, institutions, ships and port facilities, building operations and engineering construction); home work; registers; rights and duties of inspectors and examining surgeons; penalties. (66045)

CIS 96-4 Regulation on industrial hygiene [Costa Rica]. (Spanish: Reglamento sobre higiene industrial [Costa Rica]) In a booklet published by the Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1993, p.3-14. (In Spanish)

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This Regulation dated 22 April 1980 replaces Decree No.3 of 18 May 1945 on the same subject. It applies to all industrial establishments (defined as workplaces where materials are prepared, handled, repaired, transformed or utilized by way of physical, chemical, biological, manual or mechanical means, and including reception and storage areas, bus stations and truck depots). Contents: classification of industrial workplaces as harmless, uncomfortable, unhealthy and dangerous; obligations to reduce or eliminate hazards and offensive agents; environmental and neighbourhood protection; need for authorization for the establishment of industrial workplaces; basic dimensions and welfare and hygiene requirements of workplaces; role, rights and duties of inspectors. Decree No.18209 dated 23 June 1988 introduces further noise control measures into the Regulation. (66016)

CIS 96-5 Presidential decree concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers, in conformity with Directive 89/655/EEC [Greece]. (Greek: Elahistes prodiagrafes asfaleias kai ugeias gia tē hrēsimopoiēsē exoplismou ergasias apo tous ergazomenous kata tēn ergasia tous se summorfōsē me tēn odēgia 89/655/EOK) Efēmeris tēs Kubernēseos tēs Ellēnikēs Dēmokratias, 19 Dec. 1994, No.220, p.3973-3977. (In Greek)

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This Decree (effective 17 Dec. 1994) implements into Greek legislation the provisions of Directive 89/655/EEC (CIS 90-357). It specifies the employer's general obligations, the rules concerning work equipment, work equipment involving specific risks and the measures necessary to ensure the workers' information, training, consultation and participation. (66047)

CIS 96-6 Presidential decree concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace, in conformity with Directive 89/656/EEC [Greece]. (Greek: Elahistes prodiagrafes asfaleias kai ugeias gia tē hrēsē apo tous ergazomenous exoplismōn atomikēs prostasias kata tēn ergasia se summorfōsē pros tēn odēgia tou Sumbouliou 89/656/EOK) Efēmeris tēs Kubernēseos tēs Ellēnikēs Dēmokratias, 19 Dec. 1994, No.220, p.3977-3984. (In Greek)

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This Decree (effective 17 Dec. 1994) implements into Greek legislation the provisions of Directive 89/656/EEC (CIS 90-385). It applies to all workers, with the exception of police forces and domestic employees. It defines the employer's general obligations with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as measures relating to assessment of PPE, and the information, consultation and participation of workers. In annex: list of PPE, by type; list of activities that may require the wearing of PPE. (66048)

CIS 96-7 Factories Act - Subsidiary legislation [Guyana]. In: The Laws of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana, 1977, [107]p. (In English)

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Collection of Regulations issued under the Factories Act (CIS 96-2). The Regulations are: Notices designating officers of the Labour Authority and labour inspectors (1974); Hours of Work (Saw Mill Workers; Printing Trade Workers) (1956 et seq.); Factories Act (Exemption) Order (1961) [exemption of certain dock workers from certain provisions of the Act]; Factories (Prescribed Forms) (12/1949 et seq.) [covering registration and accident notification forms]; Factories (Fire Escapes) (1/1951); Factories (First Aid) (2/1951); Docks (Safety) (2/1951, 12/1953); Distilleries (Safety) (7/1951); Factories (Health and Welfare) (16/1951, 36/1953) [covering: cleanliness, overcrowding, temperature, ventilation, lighting, sanitation, welfare facilities, industrial diseases, hours of work]; Factories (Examining Surgeons) (18/1952); Factories (Woodworking Machinery) (Safety) (4/1953); Factories (Safety) (14/1953) [covering: fencing of machinery and other aspects of machine safety; floors, passages and stairs; lifting equipment; dangerous fumes]; Building (Safety) (4/1955) [covering: scaffolds and means of access; raising and lowering; excavations; demolition; health and welfare; miscellaneous - vehicles, explosives, generation of steam and smoke, protection against falling materials, lighting, temporary structures, safety nets, safety supervision]. (66043)

CIS 96-8 Mines Rescue Act 1994 [Australia - New South Wales]. In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 4p. (pages numbered 59,021 - 59,024). (In English)

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Among the provisions of this Act (assented to on 10 May 1994, commenced on 8 July 1994) the following are of relevance to OSH (the only parts microfiched by CIS): establishment of a Mines Rescue Board of New South Wales for coal mines; establishment of a Mines Rescue Brigade for the State; role of the Board in the staffing and training of rescue personnel; notification of dangerous events in coal mines. Mines Rescue Act 1925 is repealed. (66015)

CIS 96-9 Safety, health and the working environment on building sites and in construction workplaces: Regulations for builders [Norway]. (Norwegian: Sikkerhet, helse og arbeidsmiljø på bygge- og anleggsplasser: Byggherreforskriften) Arbeidstilsynet, Tiden Norsk Forlag, Postboks 8813 Youngstorget, 0028 Oslo, Norway, 1995. 8p. (In Norwegian)

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This regulation (introduced 21 Apr. 1995, in agreement with Directive 92/57/EEC (CIS 93-1062) on mobile construction sites) concerns the responsibilities of builders (project foremen, employers) regarding occupational safety on construction sites. These responsibilities cover: designation of safety responsibilities; preparation of a safety and health plan; written notification of construction safety details to Arbeidstilsynet; safety during different project and construction stages (responsibilities of the safety coordinator and others). (66012)

CIS 96-10 Decree No.95-543 of 4 May 1995. Occupational safety and health and working conditions on building sites. Inter-company occupational health, safety and working conditions groups [France]. (French: Décret n°95-543 du 4 mai 1995. Sécurité, santé et conditions de travail sur les chantiers. Constitution du Collège interentreprises [France]) Ministère du Travail et de l'Emploi, Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.2001-160-95, p.421-423. Also in: Journal officiel, 6 May 1995. (In French)

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This decree makes additions to the French Labour Code which lay down the conditions under which inter-company occupational health, safety and working conditions groups must be set up: building sites in excess of 10,000 worker-days and involving more than ten firms (including sub-contractors) and/or self-employed workers. The new articles also set forth the modus operandi of the inter-company groups: membership, chairmanship, periodicity and convening of meetings, agenda, minutes, rules of procedure. They also define the sanctions incurred in the event of violation of these measures. The new provisions are applicable to building and civil engineering sites on which design work started on or after 6 May 1995; for operations commenced prior to this, they are applicable from the beginning of the building phase to projects on which construction work is not due to commence before 1 Jan. 1996. Section II of the decree of 19 Aug. 1977 (CIS 78-864) on inter-company health and safety groups, and the decree of 9 June 1977 (CIS 77-2069) on special health and safety committees are revoked. (66198)

CIS 96-11 Presidential decree concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment, in conformity with Directive 90/270/EEC [Greece]. (Greek: Elahistes prodiagrafes asfaleias kai ugeias kata tēn ergasia me othones optikēs apeikonisēs se summorfōsē me tēn odēgia tou Sumbouliou 90/270/EOK) Efēmeris tēs Kubernēseos tēs Ellēnikēs Dēmokratias, 19 Dec. 1994, No.221, p.3987-3992. (In Greek)

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This Decree (effective 17 Dec. 1994) implements into Greek legislation the provisions of Directive 90/270/EEC (CIS 90-1069). Contents: definitions; obligations related to workstation analysis; information, training, consultation and participation of the workers; protection of workers' eyes and eyesight. In annex: minimum requirements for the equipment, the environment and the operator/computer interface. (66050)

CIS 96-12 Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals Control Act 1992 [Guyana]. Georgetown, Guyana, 1992. 22p. (In English)

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The purpose of this Act is to regulate the manufacture, importation, transportation, storage, sale, use and disposal of pesticides and other toxic chemicals in Guyana. It also establishes the Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals Control Board, charged with the registration of such substances and the carrying out of inspections. Provision is made for the issuing of regulations. (66044)

CIS 96-13 Official Standard. Filling and packaging. Requirements for storage of pesticides in containers [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana. Envase y embalaje. Requisitos para contener plaguicidas [México]) Secretaría de Salud, Diario Oficial de la Federación, 23 Aug. 1995, p.63-66. 3 ref. (In Spanish)

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This Standard came into effect in Feb. 1996. Contents: definitions; requirements for filling pesticide containers (general, liquid pesticides, solid pesticides); requirements for packaging. (66018)

CIS 96-14 Official Standard. Pesticides. Products for agricultural, forestry, stockkeeping, gardening, urban and industrial use. Labelling [Mexico]. (Spanish: Norma Oficial Mexicana. Plaguicidas. Productos para uso agrícola, forestal, pecuario, de jardinería, urbano e industrial. Etiquetado [México]) Secretaría de Salud, Diario Oficial de la Federación, 20 Oct. 1995, p.23-30. 6 ref. (In Spanish)

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This Standard (dated 22 Aug. 1995, effective Apr. 1996) contains information on the appropriate labelling of pesticides for occupational use. Summary: definitions; general characteristics of labels (colour coding: red for extremely toxic, yellow for very toxic, blue for moderately toxic, green for lightly toxic; other symbols and proportions of labels); particular characteristics of labels for pesticides for agricultural, forestry, stockkeeping, urban, gardening or industrial use; dimensions of labels. (66019)

CIS 96-15 Regulation for the registration and control of toxic substances and of toxic and dangerous products [Costa Rica]. (Spanish: Reglamento de registro y control de sustancias tóxicas y productos tóxicos y peligrosos [Costa Rica]) La Gaceta - Diario Oficial (Costa Rica), 21 Mar. 1995, Year 117, No.57, p.4-10. (In Spanish)

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This Regulation of Costa Rica (No.24099-S, dated and effective 22 Dec. 1994) concerns the importation, manufacturing, rebottling, sale, distribution or administration of substances, products and objects judged to be dangerous due to their radioactive, flammable, corrosive or irritant nature or for any other reason. Defined are: role of the Department for the Control and Registration of Toxic Substances and for Occupational Medicine of the Ministry of Health, and of the Department of Environmental Control; information to be provided by importers, manufacturers etc. of toxic and dangerous substances and products (name and address of the company; name, properties and toxicity information of the substance or product; first aid and other emergency instructions); labelling requirements; updating of information on chemicals; importation, handling, use and storage requirements; emission of permits; technological emergencies; technical advisory services; prohibitions. (66046)

CIS 96-16 Commission Directive 93/72/EEC of 1 Sept. 1993 adapting to technical progress for the 19th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws... relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances [European Communities]. (French: Directive 93/72/CEE de la Commission du 1.9.1993 portant 19e adaptation au progrès technique de la Dir.67/548/CEE concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives ... relatives à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 16 Oct. 1993, Vol. 36, No.L 258, p.29-30, No.L 258 A, Vol.I and II, 1408p. Illus. Price of the 2 volumes: ECU 128.00. (In English, French)

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Annex I of this Directive replaces Annex I to Directive 67/548/EEC. It is an index of dangerous substances for which harmonized classification and labelling have been agreed at Community level in accordance with the procedure laid down by Article 4.3 of Directive 67/548/EEC. Entries are listed according to the atomic number of the element most characteristic of the substances properties: Vol.I covers substances Nos. 001-001-9 to 603-076-00-9 and Vol. II, Nos 603-077-00-4 to 650-015-00-7. (66161)

CIS 96-17 Commission Directive 93/105/EC of 25 Nov. 1993 laying down Annex VII D, containing information required for the technical dossier referred to in Article 12 of the 7th amendment of Council Directive 67/548/EEC [European Communities]. (French: Directive 93/105/CE de la Commission du 25 nov. 1993 établissant l'annexe VII D contenant les informations requises pour les dossiers techniques visés à l'article 12 de la directive portant 7e modification de la Directive 67/548/CEE du Conseil [Communautés européennes]) Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 30 Nov. 1993, Vol.36, No.L 294, p.21-28. (In English, French)

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These provisions specifically apply to polymers. For Directive 92/32/EEC amending Directive 67/548/EEC for the 7th time, see CIS 92-726. (66162)

CIS 96-18 Regulation for noise and vibration control [Costa Rica]. (Spanish: Reglamento para el control de ruidos y vibraciones) In a booklet published by the Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1993, p.15-20. (In Spanish)

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This decree is dated 14 Sep. 1979. Contents: definition of different kinds of noise and of noisy workplaces; obligations to reduce or dampen noise levels if they exceed 85dB(A); obligation to provide hearing protection to workers if they are exposed to noise levels >90dB(A) (intermittent or impact noise) or >85dB(A) (continuous noise); obligation to provide warning signs for workplaces where noise levels exceed the levels noted above; limitation of installing noisy workplaces in industrial zones only; measures pertaining to the wearing of hearing protectors; penalties. (66017)

CIS 96-19 Combine harvesters [Norway]. (Norwegian: Skurtreskere) Arbeidstilsynet, Tiden Norsk Forlag, Postboks 8813 Youngstorget, 0028 Oslo, Norway, 1995. 10p. Illus. (In Norwegian)

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Safety regulation introduced on 17 Oct. 1974 (effective 1 July 1975), with introduction and commentary amended to 1995. Contents: technical provisions common to all combine harvesters; provisions affecting automated harvesters and towed harvesters. In annex: selected safety rules for mechanical power transmission between motor-driven vehicles and machinery, equipment or transport vehicles. (66013)

CIS 96-20 Presidential decree concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the manual handling of loads where there is a risk particularly of back injury to workers, in conformity with Directive 90/269/EEC [Greece]. (Greek: Elahistes prodiagrafes asfaleias kai ugeias kata tēn heirōnaktikē diakinēsē fortiōn pou sunepagetai kinduno idiōs gia tē rahē kai tēn osfuïkē hōra tōn ergazomenōn se summorfōsē pros tēn odēgia tou Sumbouliou 90/269/EOK) Efēmeris tēs Kubernēseos tēs Ellēnikēs Dēmokratias, 19 Dec. 1994, No.221, p.3985-3987. (In Greek)

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This Decree (effective 17 Dec. 1994) implements into Greek legislation the provisions of Directive 90/269/EEC (CIS 90-1101). Contents: definition of terms; employers' obligations relating to the organization of workstations; information, training, consultation and participation of workers. In annex: reference and individual risk factors. (66049)

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CIS 96-21 1,1-Dichloropropane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin. (66061)

CIS 96-22 1,3-Dichloropropane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed); may affect the blood, the central nervous system and the liver. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (66062)

CIS 96-23 Dinitrobenzene (mixed isomers). Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the lungs and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: liver damage; may impair male fertility. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.15ppm, 1.0mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66063)

CIS 96-24 2,3-Dinitrotoluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. (66064)

CIS 96-25 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen; may impair fertility. (66065)

CIS 96-26 2,6-Dinitrotoluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. Long-term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1.5mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); MAK: Class III A2 (1990). (66066)

CIS 96-27 3,4-Dinitrotoluene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; may affect the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the blood; methaemoglobinaemia. (66067)

CIS 96-28 Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption. Long-term exposure effects: possible human carcinogen. (66068)

CIS 96-29 2-Methylheptane. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; skin irritation. (66069)

CIS 96-30 alpha-Methyl styrene. Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p. (In English)

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International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm, 242mg/m³ (TWA), 100ppm, 483mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66070)

CIS 96-31 1-Amino-2-propanol. (Spanish: 1-Aminopropan-2-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0905. International chemical safety card. Synonym: isopropanolamine. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed). (66071)

CIS 96-32 Maleic anhydride. (Spanish: Anhídrido maleico) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 9-0799. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; asthmatic reactions (may be delayed); chemical burns. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; asthma. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.25ppm, 1mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66072)

CIS 96-33 Binapacryl. (Spanish: Binapacril) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 10-0835. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); exposure to high concentrations may lead to death. (66073)

CIS 96-34 o-Anisidine. (Spanish: o-Anisidina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0970. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; may affect the blood: methaemoglobinaemia; cyanosis. Long-term exposure effects: haematotoxic effects; methaemoglobinaemia; possible human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm, 0.50mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1970). (66074)

CIS 96-35 p-Anisidine. (Spanish: p-Anisidina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0971. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; may affect the blood; methaemoglobinaemia; cyanosis. Long-term exposure effects: haematotoxic effects; methaemoglobinaemia. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.1ppm, 0.50mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1970). (66075)

CIS 96-36 Anthracene. (Spanish: Antraceno) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0825. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization. (66076)

CIS 96-37 Methyl acrylate. (Spanish: Acrilato de metilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0625. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; may affect the liver, kidneys and lungs. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm, 35mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 20mg/m³ (USSR 1980). (66077)

CIS 96-38 Alachlor. (Spanish: Alacloro) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0371. International chemical safety card. Synonym: lasso. Short-term exposure effects: eye irritation. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; hepatic damage; blood-cell anomalies; possible human carcinogen. (66078)

CIS 96-39 Isodecyl alcohol (mixed isomers). (Spanish: Alcohol isodecílico (mezcla de isómeros)) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0495. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. (66079)

CIS 96-40 Isophorone diamine. (Spanish: 3-Aminodimetil-3,5,5-trimetilciclohexilamina) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 7-0498. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; tear drawing; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis; skin burns. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; may affect the lungs. (66080)

CIS 96-41 Amitrole. (Spanish: Amitrol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0631. International chemical safety card. Synonym: aminotriazole. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver, kidneys and thyroid activity; possible human carcinogen. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 0.2mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991). (66081)

CIS 96-42 Benzyl benzoate. (Spanish: Benzoato de bencilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0390. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. (66082)

CIS 96-43 Benzophenone. (Spanish: Benzofenona) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 6-0389. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. (66083)

CIS 96-44 2-Phenylphenol. (Spanish: Bifenil-2-ol) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0669. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66084)

CIS 96-45 Trimethyl borate. (Spanish: Borato de trimetilo) Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p. (In Spanish)

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Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0593. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. (66085)

CIS 96-46 Ozone. (French: Ozone) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 4p. 39 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; respiratory disorders (pulmonary oedema); visual function disorders; renal damage; neurotoxic effects. Chronic toxicity: respiratory disorders; neurotoxic effects. (66086)

CIS 96-47 Sodium hydrosulfite. (French: Hydrosulfite de sodium) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 3p. 10 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. (66087)

CIS 96-48 Phthalic anhydride. (French: Anhydride phtalique) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 4p. 28 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; respiratory disorders. Chronic toxicity: allergic reactions (asthma, dermatitis). (66088)

CIS 96-49 Ferric chloride and aqueous solutions. (French: Trichlorure de fer et solutions aqueuses) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 3p. 16 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; gastrointestinal disorders; metabolic disturbances; may affect the kidneys, blood coagulation and liver; dermatitis. (66089)

CIS 96-50 Trimellitic anhydride. (French: Anhydride trimellitique) Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1995. 4p. 32 ref. (In French)

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Chemical safety information sheet. Acute toxicity: strong irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; allergic reactions: lung diseases, asthma and dyspnoea (may be delayed), respiratory insufficiency, haemolytic anaemia. (66090)

CIS 96-51 Boron trifluoride. (Spanish: Trifluoruro de boro) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1995, Vol.57, No.11. 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and nasal mucosa; nasal haemorrhage; may cause pneumonia, renal damage and chemical burns. (66091)

CIS 96-52 Chlorinated diphenyl ether. (Spanish: Oxido de difenilo clorinado) Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1995, Vol.57, No.11. 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin irritation: chloracne; hepatic damage. (66092)

CIS 96-53 Fluoride powder. (Spanish: Polvo de fluoruro) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1995, Vol.57, No.10. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Synonym: sodium fluoride. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; osteosclerosis; exostosis; dermatitis. (66093)

CIS 96-54 Methyl cellosolve. (Spanish: Celosolve de metilo) Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1995, Vol.57, No.10. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Synonym: methoxyethanol. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract; haematopoietic system disturbances; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); encephalopathy; haematotoxic effects; anaemia. (66094)

CIS 96-55 Ethyl silicate. (Spanish: Silicato de etilo) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1995, Vol.57, No.9. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes and nose; may affect the lungs (pulmonary oedema), liver and kidneys; dermatitis. (66095)

CIS 96-56 Heptachlor. (Spanish: Heptacloro) Noticias de seguridad, Sep. 1995, Vol.57, No.9. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects: convulsions; hepatic and renal damage; may cause cataract; possible human carcinogen. (66096)

CIS 96-57 Dimethyl phthalate. (Spanish: Dimetilftalato (ftalato de dimetilo)) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1995, Vol.57, No.8. 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. (66097)

CIS 96-58 Anisidine (o and p isomers). (Spanish: Anisidina (isómeros o y p)) Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1995, Vol.57, No.8. 3p. Insert. (In Spanish)

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Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; haematotoxic effects: methaemoglobinaemia, hypoxia, blood-cell anomalies. (66098)

CIS 96-59 Yttrium and compounds. (Spanish: Itrio y sus compuestos) Noticias de seguridad, July 1995, Vol.57, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the respiratory tract; lung diseases; pulmonary oedema; hepatic damage; eye and corneal damage. (66099)

CIS 96-60 Isoamyl alcohol. (Spanish: Alcohol isoamílico) Noticias de seguridad, July 1995, Vol.57, No.7. 4p. Insert. (In Spanish)

Internet:

Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; respiratory diseases; dermatitis; diplopia. (66100)

[ Top of page ]

CIS 96-61 What you should know about PPE (personal protective equipment). Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the correct use of personal protective equipment against mechanical, chemical and physical hazards. Test for self assessment. (66278)

CIS 96-62 Essentials of health and safety at work. (Welsh: Hanfodion iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith) Health and Safety Executive (HSE), HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 60p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 5.95., ISBN 0-7176-0838-7 (In Welsh)

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Translation of an illustrated training manual published in 1994 (see CIS 94-830) aimed principally at small enterprises. Contents: organizing for safety (basic information, legislative requirements, labour inspection); premises (workplaces, building work); plant and machinery (machines, gas- and oil-fired equipment, maintenance, pressurized plant and systems, handling and transport, noise, vibration, radiations, electricity); substances (harmful, flammable and explosive substances); procedures (safe systems, accidents and emergencies); people (health care, personal protective equipment, selection and training). Highlights, checklists and references to UK legislation and other HSE publications throughout. List of HSE area offices. (66051)

CIS 96-63 Five steps to successful health and safety management: Special help for directors and managers. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. (In English)

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Booklet outlining the main steps management should take in order to reach a satisfactory level of safety and health in their enterprise: setting a policy; organization of the staff; planning and setting standards; measurement of performance; auditing and review. (66054)

CIS 96-64 About risk assessment. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on risk assessment in the workplace: what will be assessed (OSH management, workplace conditions, manual handling, work equipment and work practices, personal protective equipment, VDUs); how assessment is carried out; risk assessment in special situations (hazardous substances, manual handling, use of equipment, use of PPE, noise, VDUs). Test for self assessment. (66260)

CIS 96-65 You and safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safety awareness in the workplace (and elsewhere). Test for self assessment. (66277)

CIS 96-66 What you should know about occupational health. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on general aspects of occupational hygiene: willingness to cooperate with occupational health programmes; hazard awareness; common hazards (air contaminants, chemicals, physical and biological hazards), effects of workplace hazards; cleanliness; stopping smoking; use of personal protective equipment. Test for self assessment. (66243)

CIS 96-67 What you should know about the Health and Safety at Work Act. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the application of the British Health and Safety at Work Act (CIS 74-2099) in the workplace. Test for self assessment. (66259)

CIS 96-68 Safety made easy: A checklist approach to OSHA compliance. Davis W., Grubbs J.R., Nelson S.M., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, 1995. xiv, 175p. 5 ref. Index., ISBN 0-86587-463-8 (In English)

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This series of checklists provides practical guidance on compliance with the USA Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970. Topics are arranged alphabetically and include: accident prevention signs; bloodborne diseases; compressed gas cylinders; confined spaces; cranes; electrical safety; emergency and evacuation plans; employee records; fire protection; flammable and combustible liquids; fork trucks and tractors; guarding floor and wall openings; hand and portable power tools; hazardous waste operations; ladders; machine guarding; management of hazardous chemicals; material handling; medical services; noise; personal protective equipment; radiation; record keeping; hazard communication; sanitation; scaffolding; training; ventilation; welding and cutting. (65919)

CIS 96-69 The danger within: An activity book for students on occupational health hazards. Alkazi F., Farrell M., Kalyanwala S., Creative Learning for Change, Society for Participatory Research in Asia, 42 Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi 110062, India, 1995. 108p. Illus. (In English)

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An introduction to the concepts of occupational safety and health, aimed primarily at schoolchildren in India. Main topics covered: coal mining; textile industry; pesticides; working with glass (including the manufacturing of glass bangles); child labour (carpets, matchsticks and fireworks, locks, gems); chemicals; silicosis and asbestosis; construction work; municipal workers; office work; home accidents. Imaginative games, puzzles and many illustrations and case histories are used to teach children about the many hazards present in workplaces. (66060)

CIS 96-70 1996 Catalogue. (Dutch: Catalogus 1996; French: Catalogue 1996) Association nationale pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail, 88 rue Gachard, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1996. 43p. Illus. (In Dutch, French)

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Directory of the activities and publications of the ANPAT. Contents: services and conditions for membership; information and documentation; audiovisual materials; posters; publications; training programmes. (66163)

CIS 96-71 Safety at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the most common hazards present in the workplace. Test for self assessment. (66261)

CIS 96-72 About Hepatitis B. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the dangers of exposure to hepatitis B virus: transmission of hepatitis B; dangers of exposure (particularly in the health-care environment); symptoms; protective measures at work; protection during routine procedures; what to do in the case of an accident; vaccination. Test for self assessment. (66270)

CIS 96-73 About first aid. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on first aid: general procedures in emergencies; the recovery position; what to do when breathing stops; control of bleeding; what to do for choking; heart attacks; shock; burns; poisoning; fractures; other common injuries; first aid for children. Test for self assessment. (66245)

CIS 96-74 Health and safety in engineering workshops. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. vi, 106p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-0880-8 (In English)

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Illustrated training manual aimed at people who manage and work in small engineering workshops that manufacture, maintain and repair plant, machinery and products. Contents: management of health and safety; how most accidents and cases of work-related illness arise; instant action checklist; five steps to risk assessment; general safety in workshops (workplace organization, working conditions, manual handling and lifting, machine operation, vehicles, hazardous substances, electricity, pressurized systems); detailed machine safety (including computer controls, metalworking fluids, noise and vibration, different kinds of machine operation, cleaning and degreasing); welding and flamecutting; radiography; painting and spraying; personal protective equipment; offices; organization of OSH (legislation, accident and emergency handling, first aid). In appendices: lifting and handling assessments; metalworking fluid questionnaires, key British and European standards; fire-resistant materials for spray booths; record of examination and test of local exhaust ventilation plant. (66052)

CIS 96-75 What you should know about welding safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the hazards of welding and cutting operations and their prevention: fires and explosions; electrical shock; compressed gas cylinders; personal protective equipment; eye protection; protective clothing; respiratory protection; first aid. (66269)

CIS 96-76 Construction and mining industry. Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1995, Vol.2, No.1, whole issue (27p.) Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This whole issue is devoted to safety and health issues in the Asian construction and mining industries. Articles cover: safety and health in construction (Gold D.); safety management at construction sites - the Singapore experience (Wong H.K.C.); ergonomics in construction work: physical load and means of affecting it (Lappalainen J., Oksa P., Kaukiainen A.); cost of construction site accidents and optimal safety investment in Hong Kong (Tang S.L., Lee H.K., Chiu C.C.K., Ngai B.W.B.); a new safety audit and feedback system for construction sites (Laitinen H.); the ILO perspective on mining in Asia and the Pacific (Jennings N., Eskov V.). (66053)

CIS 96-77 What you should know about safety in the store. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet about safety in shops: avoiding slips, trips and falls; safe movements and handling of objects; working at heights; fire safety; machinery and tools; emergency preparedness. Test for self assessment. (66241)

CIS 96-78 What every employee should know about retail security. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet about retail security: shoplifting; other criminal activity (theft, fraud, robbery, burglary); prevention of retail crime; what to do in case of robbery. Test for self assessment. (66242)

CIS 96-79 Hospital job safety - How to prevent accidents at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the prevention of occupational accidents in hospitals: safety attitudes; manual handling; moving and lifting patients; fire safety; falling accidents; electrical safety; prevention of cuts and punctures; machine safety. Test for self assessment. (66248)

CIS 96-80 About office safety and health. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on office safety: negative safety attitudes and bad habits; fire safety; avoiding slips, trips and falls; doors, drawers etc.; good housekeeping; office machines; visual display terminals; lifting and manual handling; physical exercise. Test for self assessment. (66258)

CIS 96-81 About safety for hotel and catering employees. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safety for hotel and catering employees: manual handling; prevention of slips and falls; personal hygiene on the job; safe work in kitchens; avoiding burns; safety in bathrooms, laundries and changing beds; fire prevention; protection of guests. (66279)

CIS 96-82 About working with display screen equipment. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the proper use of visual display terminals. Test for self assessment. (66256)

CIS 96-83 About working safely in confined spaces. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safe work in confined spaces: types of confined spaces; hazards during routine and emergency situations; types of hazards (toxic gases and vapours, explosions and fires, oxygen deficiency, heat, noise, contact with irritating substances in tank, mechanical hazards, falls); safety procedures before and during entry; special safety tips; personal protective equipment; what to do in case of an emergency. Test for self assessment. (66274)

CIS 96-84 Occupational hazards due to mercury and its compounds. (French: Risques professionnels dus au mercure et à ses composés; German: Gesundheitliche Gefährdung am Arbeitsplatz durch Quecksilber) Hofer L., Meier J.R., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung Arbeitsmedizin, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 31p. 26 ref. (In French, German)

Internet:

Practical guide to the hazards of occupational exposure to mercury (Hg) and its compounds, as well as to their prevention. Contents: general chemical and physical properties of Hg and its compounds; techniques, products and occupations involving potential exposure to Hg; absorption, distribution in the body, metabolism and elimination of Hg and its compounds; pathologies due to exposure to Hg and its compounds (general aspects of occupational diseases caused by Hg; chronic and acute effects of Hg poisoning by inhalation; poisoning by inorganic Hg salts, by mercury oxide and by organic Hg compounds; treatment of Hg poisoning); prevention of occupational diseases due to Hg; exposure limits; skin reactions and allergies induced by Hg; investigations when Hg poisoning is suspected; protection of the environment against Hg pollution. (66055)

CIS 96-85 About chemical safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on chemical safety. Contents: the 7 main types of hazardous chemicals; three ways of exposure; how to get information on hazards (labels, safety data sheets); safe working practices; personal protective equipment; good personal hygiene; emergency procedures; how British legislation (COSHH) works. Test for self assessment. (66271)

CIS 96-86 What you should know about lab safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1993. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safety in laboratories. Test for self assessment. (66273)

CIS 96-87 What you should know about flammable liquid safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safe work with flammable liquids: causes of accidents; special risks due to flammable liquid vapours; safe storage of flammable liquids; dispensing and disposal of flammable liquids; protective clothing; what to do in case of fire; reading of labels and safety data sheets. Test for self assessment. (66272)

CIS 96-88 About fire safety at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on fire prevention and protection in the workplace. Test for self assessment. (66280)

CIS 96-89 Fire safety in health care premises. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on fire safety in hospitals and similar establishments: common causes of fires; preventive measures; what to do in the case of fires; fire safety policies; removing patients in the case of fire. Test for self assessment. (66244)

CIS 96-90 What you should know about workplace emergencies. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Rd., Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on how to handle workplace emergencies: emergency plans; preparedness; (fires, explosions, chemical spills, exposure to toxic fumes and gases, weather emergencies, civil disturbances); first aid; general safety awareness. (66262)

CIS 96-91 About fork truck safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on fork truck safety: know your truck; safety steps before operation; equipment checking; safe driving; loading, unloading and stacking; refuelling and battery charging. Test for self assessment. (66268)

CIS 96-92 What everyone should know about portable tool safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on portable tool safety (both manual and power tools). Test for self assessment. (66251)

CIS 96-93 About locking off. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on locking off equipment. Checklist. Test for self assessment. (66266)

CIS 96-94 What you should know about working safely with machines. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the hazards of machinery: types of machine hazards; causes of accidents; safety attitudes; safe work with machinery; risk assessment by employers; personal protective equipment; first aid. Test for self assessment. (66267)

CIS 96-95 About safety off the ground. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on working safely at heights: causes of falls from heights; main means of prevention; proper use of ladders; safe work on scaffolds; proper use of other climbing and lifting equipment; what to do if a fall occurs. Test for self assessment. (66275)

CIS 96-96 About trench and excavation safety. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on safety in trenching and excavation. Test for self assessment. (66276)

CIS 96-97 Tilting table for circular saws (instructions for construction). (French: Table inclinable pour scie circulaire (instructions de fabrication); German: Schrägtisch für die Tischkreissäge; Italian: Piano di lavoro inclinato per seghe circolari a tavola) Arnold O., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1989. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

Internet:

Detailed instructions (with dimensions shown) for the construction of a tilting table designed for the safe use of circular saws. (66056)

CIS 96-98 Bevelling gauge for surface-planing machines (instructions for construction). (French: Gabarit à chanfreiner pour dégauchisseuse (instructions de fabrication); German: Faslehre für die Abrichthobelmaschine; Italian: Dima per smussare su piallatrici a filo) Arnold O., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1989. 4p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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Detailed instructions (with dimensions shown) for the construction of bevelling gauges for the safe use of surface planing machines. (66057)

CIS 96-99 A workpiece guide for notching (instructions for construction). (French: Guide pour exécuter les queues droites (instructions de fabrication); German: Anschlag zum Kehlen von Fingerzinken; Italian: Guida per la sagomatura di incastri a pettine) Arnold O., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1989. 6p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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Detailed instructions (with dimensions shown) for the construction of workpiece guides for notching. (66058)

CIS 96-100 Divided gauges for the fluting and shaping of workpieces with spindle moulders (instructions for construction). (French: Gabarit avec diviseur pour canneler et façonner à la toupie (instructions de fabrication); German: Einspannlehre mit Teilscheibe für Kehlmaschine; Italian: Dima di fissaggio con disco divisore per toupie) Arnold O., Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1989. 6p. Illus. (In French, German, Italian)

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Detailed instructions (with dimensions shown) for the construction of holding devices for spindle moulders. (66059)

CIS 96-101 What you should know about infection control. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1993. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on infection control for health care staff in hospitals. Test for self assessment. (66246)

CIS 96-102 HIV and AIDS in health care. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the prevention of HIV infection among health-care staff: symptoms and results of HIV infection; transmission of HIV; precautions for health-care and laboratory personnel; protective measures for post-mortem work. Test for self assessment. (66249)

CIS 96-103 What you should know about injuries from sharps. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1992. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the prevention of injuries from sharp objects in health-care establishments. The dangers of exposure to hepatitis B and HIV are particularly stressed. Test for self assessment. (66247)

CIS 96-104 What you should know about safe manual handling. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on common problems due to incorrect manual handling practices and their prevention. Test for self assessment. (66254)

CIS 96-105 About work-related upper limb disorders. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on work-related upper limb disorders (repetitive strain syndrome) and their prevention. Test for self assessment. (66257)

CIS 96-106 The ergonomics of workspaces and machines - a design manual. Corlett E.N., Clark T.S., Taylor & Francis, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1995. xv, 128p. Illus. 72 ref. Index. Price: GBP 14.95., ISBN 0-7484-0320-5 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: introduction to the ergonomics of machines; methods of workspace design; environmental design (auditory, thermal, visual and vibratory environment); control design (choice of control type, location and layout); displays and information (graphic symbols, visual coding); maintainability (identification of critical maintenance operations); designing for safety. (See CIS 85-266 for previous edition). (65970)

CIS 96-107 About ergonomics. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on common applications of ergonomic principles in the workplace. Test for self assessment. (66253)

CIS 96-108 About preventing back problems - How to prevent injury and maintain health. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on how to prevent back problems due to work: poor physical condition, bad posture, chronic strain, incorrect manual handling practices. Advice on what to do in an emergency involving back pain. Test for self assessment. (66255)

CIS 96-109 What everyone should know about stress at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on stress at work: who is affected; causes of stress; effects of stress; symptoms; avoidance of exhaustion; reduction of stress at work; proper use of time; improving work habits; changing of stress-causing personal habits; learning to relax. Test for self assessment. (66250)

CIS 96-110 About coping with stress. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on coping with stress: symptoms of mental stress; effects of stress on the body and the mind; sources of stress at work, in the environment and in personal life; personal stress reduction programmes; ways to reduce stress (exercise, deep breathing, hobbies, etc.); some other tips for managing stress; avoidance of "substitutes" (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, drugs); sources of help. (66252)

CIS 96-111 About violence at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on how to handle violence in the workplace (verbal and physical abuse or attacks; racial or sexual harassment): factors affecting workplace violence; professions at particular risk; what employers can do to combat violence or its threat; how to deal with the public; specific suggestions (in one-to-one confrontations, when making home visits, when dealing with disorderly people, how to use self-defence); reporting of incidents; follow-up. (66263)

CIS 96-112 What everyone should know about smoking at work. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on how to deal with smoking in the workplace. Main topics: hazards of active and passive smoking; positive results of reducing or elimination of smoking in the workplace (including organizational savings); tips on how to quit smoking. (66264)

CIS 96-113 About alcohol in the workplace. Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ### (In English)

Training booklet on the dangers associated with alcohol abuse in the workplace: hazards brought about by alcohol consumption; performance reduction; how to find help; self-assessment and supervisor's checklist. (66265)

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CIS 96-114 Risk prevention in chemical laboratories. (French: Prévention des risques dans les laboratoires de chimie) Leleu J., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1995-160-95, p.341-354. 16 ref. (In French)

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Contents: information to be found on safety data sheets and labels; brief data on activities and techniques (vapour emissions and ventilation, equipment, chemical operations); specific risks and preventive measures; safety recommendations (unsupervised isolated work, substance ageing, contaminated atmospheres, fire, first aid). (66192)

CIS 96-115 Safety climate. Coyle I.R., Sleeman S.D., Adams N., Journal of Safety Research, Winter 1995, Vol.26, No.4, p.247-254. 28 ref. (In English)

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Safety climate, i.e., attitudes and perceptions relating to occupational health and safety (OHS) issues, has been largely ignored and measures such as lost time and frequency rates have been used to determine the efficacy of OHS programmes. It is clear that objective measurement of the precursors of accidents identified in a safety climate analysis provides a powerful proactive management tool. This paper reports on safety climate factors found in clerical and service organizations in Australia, and concurrent validity studies. Contrary to published studies, safety climate factors seem not to be stable across organizations. The significance of this for planning and assessing the efficacy of OHS programmes is discussed. Although safety climate factors are not stable, the safety climate factor pattern identified in organizations provides a powerful management tool for designing OHS programmes. (66132)

CIS 96-116 Approaches to accident prevention - A comparative study of eleven Swedish authorities. Harms-Ringdahl L., Ohlsson K., Safety Science, Nov. 1995, Vol.21, No.1, p.51-63. 18 ref. (In English)

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A comparison was made between 11 Swedish authorities involved in accident prevention in the fields of industry, transportation, the environment, and medical care. Approaches to and methods for the prevention of accidents were examined. Representatives from the authorities participated in three seminars and responded to a questionnaire. Issues and problems of common concern to the authorities were: inciting workers to take responsibility, act in a committed manner and work systematically; overcoming safety problems with computer-controlled equipment; problems related to demands imposed on individuals, e.g. skills. Method for investigation of accidents, surveillance and inspection, and scrutiny of results of safety analyses were stated to be in progress. There did not seem to be any appreciable collaboration between authorities across sectoral boundaries with regard to safety issues. Few authorities placed importance on contacts with the international scientific community as a means for improving their approaches and working methods in relation to safety. (66135)

CIS 96-117 A century of accidents in the Italian industry - Relationship with the production cycle. Fabiano B., Parentini I., Ferraiolo A., Pastorino R., Safety Science, Nov. 1995, Vol.21, No.1, p.65-74. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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In the Italian industrial sector during the period 1890-1989, the number of accidents was never lower than 110 cases per year per 1000 workers, in spite of changing social, economic and technical conditions. There was close parallelism between the economic cycle and the trend of accidents. This relationship shows that factors influencing human safety conditions in industrial activities do not depend on technological development. (66136)

CIS 96-118 A multilevel analysis of organisational factors related to the taking of safety initiatives by work groups. Simard M., Marchand A., Safety Science, Dec. 1995, Vol.21, No.2, p.113-129. Illus. 41 ref. (In English)

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Empirical data were collected by questionnaire from 1,061 workgroups drawn from a random sample of 97 manufacturing plants. A model combining micro and macro organizational factors was developed and tested by a multilevel analysis. Micro-level factors are variables measuring work processes and hazards, workgroup cohesiveness and cooperation, supervisors' experience and approach to safety management, while macro-level factors consist of variables measuring top management commitment to occupational safety and socio-economic characteristics of firms. Micro organizational factors are the primary determinants of the propensity of workgroups to take safety initiatives, with supervisory participative management of safety being the best predictor. Many micro-level predictors can be substantially influenced by managerial action, particularly the top management commitment to develop the safety programme and joint regulation mechanisms. However, the socio-economic context of the secondary labour market for the firm may act as a structural constraint on such a management commitment and the other shopfloor predictors of workers' safety initiative behaviour. (66138)

CIS 96-119 A non-linear defence and a quality agenda for health and safety regulation. Tudor O., Journal of Health and Safety, May 1995, special issue, p.15-20. (In English)

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The objectives of health and safety regulation are discussed: prevention of accidents and ill-health, removal of safety standards from micro-economic considerations, provision of guidance to employers, and the introduction of objective criteria to legal obligations. It is argued that these objectives, taken together, make a linear model of reform unsatisfactory and that instead of deregulation, efforts should be focused on improving compliance through clearer guidance, better training, wider coverage and broader commitment. (66002)

CIS 96-120 Burdens on business - Review of regulation. Asherson J.L., Journal of Health and Safety, May 1995, special issue, p.21-31. (In English)

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The views and priorities of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) concerning the deregulation of health and safety are presented. The CBI welcomes the review of regulation instigated by the Government and supports the focus of the review which is to address first those regulations which place the greatest burden on the largest sector of industry. Topics discussed include the enforcement of health and safety law, implementation of European directives, maintenance of standards, cost-benefit assessment of existing legislation, application of legislation to the self-employed and small businesses, and consolidation of legislation in a structured framework. (66003)

CIS 96-121 Legislation regarding alcoholism and its prevention. (French: Législation se rapportant à l'alcoolisme et à sa prévention) Girre C., Hispard E., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.108. 4p. 5 ref. (In French)

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French legislation regarding alcohol is often not well known by doctors. It includes legislative texts developed at various times and whose objectives range from the care of the sick to the protection of public order. Legislation of a particularly medical nature is addressed in this article along with provisions concerning driving and the prevention of alcohol consumption at work. Two texts in particular are examined: the law of 6 March 1917 (in Jan. 1980, recourse to an alcohol test in the absence of an industrial physician was limited to workers whose execution of tasks or operation of certain machines could seriously compromise the health and safety of the enterprise) and the decree of 5 Oct. 1960 which requires employers to make fresh drinking water available to workers and which specifies the role of the medical service and the social partners of the enterprise in the prevention of risks associated with the consumption of alcohol. (66159)

CIS 96-122 Audit of sickness absence and fitness-for-work referrals. Agius R.M., Seaton A., Lee R.J., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.125-130. Illus. 11 ref. (In English)

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A study was made of 162 referral records relating to sickness absence or fitness to continue work received by Scottish occupational health services over a 26-month period. The quality of information provided and of explicit questions posed in these referrals was often poor. However, occupational physicians frequently provided 'added value' both in their response to questions and in addressing other relevant issues. There was no correlation between response times and the quality of the physicians' recorded responses. It is recommended that a validated standard of communication and assessment be established for managers and occupational physicians. (65942)

CIS 96-123 A study of absence rates in male and female employees working in occupations of equal status. Sharp C., Watt S., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.131-136. Illus. 25 ref. (In English)

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Data on absences of one or more days were collected for 2561 workers in three occupational groups in organizations with equal work status for men and women. During the three months of the study, more women than men took time off work. Both men and women took fewer but longer spells of absence with increasing age. Professional staff took less absence than support staff. Differences in absence rates between men and women were removed by standardization of age and occupational status, thus highlighting the importance of age standardization in such studies. (65943)

CIS 96-124 Financial evaluation of environmental investments. Moilanen T., Martin C., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1996. xii, 177p. Illus. 24 ref. Index. Price: GBP 38.00., ISBN 0-85295-365-8 (In English)

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This manual presents a methodology for evaluating the risk, returns and costs associated with various investment options for improving environmental performance. Investments are considered in the areas of research and development, product and process design, product marketability, and corporate image. The basic model and methodology are described along with existing models and approaches to investment analysis. Two case studies illustrate the use of the technique: a pilot plant for non-chlorine bleaching of pulp and an environmental improvement project on a chemical site in the United Kingdom. (66125)

CIS 96-125 Developing effective safety systems. Wallace I.G., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 165p. Illus. Index. Price: GBP 29.00., ISBN 0-85295-358-5 (In English)

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This book is based on the experiences of an industrial safety specialist. It describes key factors for achieving a high standard of safe operations in the workplace. Contents: management commitment to safety; principles, standards and policies; safety training; workforce involvement and motivation; safe design, construction and maintenance of the workplace and equipment; safe systems of work; occupational hygiene; hazard awareness; contractor operations; accident investigation and reporting; emergency organization; safety auditing; safety management systems. (65921)

CIS 96-126 Health and safety training. Cooper M., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 67p. 6 ref., ISBN 1-85953-005-2 (In English)

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This management report looks at how training can improve health and safety performance and shows how training fits into a systematic approach to health and safety management. Contents: training as a barrier to danger (training activity and attitudes in the United Kingdom); consequences of not training (human reliability, accident case studies); legal requirements; training as a risk control measure (health and safety culture, human behaviour); mechanisms for identifying training needs; getting started (training planning, selection of training methods, training evaluation). (65958)

CIS 96-127 Safety representatives and safety supervisors handbook. Freeman N.T., Paramount Publishing Ltd, Paramount House, 17-21 Shenley Road, Borehamwood WD16 1RT, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1995. v, 138p. Index. Price: GBP 15.00 (discount for bulk purchases)., ISBN 0-947665-19-6 (In English)

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This book provides an overview of the law relating to safety and health in the United Kingdom and guidance on the requirements of specific legislation including the Factories Act 1961, the Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988, and regulations resulting from EC Directives. Further chapters cover: the working environment; noise, industrial diseases and compensation; safety organization; workplace inspections; accident investigation; permits-to-work; protective equipment; checking safety performance; safety considerations in laboratories and offices; acquiring and communicating information. (65981)

CIS 96-128 Health and safety statistics 1994/95. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1995. viii, 155p. 17 ref. Price: GBP 12.50., ISBN 0-7176-1019-5 (In English)

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This report analyses United Kingdom health and safety statistics for the year 1993/1994 with provisional figures for 1994/95. Statistics cover: injuries to employees, to the self-employed and to members of the public (by industrial sector, type of accident and severity); dangerous occurrences; gas safety (incidents relating to the supply and use of flammable gas and dangerous gas fitting notifications); enforcement action; occupational ill-health; causes and kinds of diseases (chemical, physical, biological and other hazards). (66040)

CIS 96-129 The health and safety system in Great Britain. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 30p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-0892-1 (In English)

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This guide describes the organization of health and safety in Great Britain based on the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (see CIS 74-2099). Topics covered: functions of the Health and Safety Commission and the Health and Safety Executive; role of government; the legal framework; inspection and enforcement; control of risks at the workplace; insurance and compensation. (65917)

CIS 96-130 Health and safety for busy managers - Law, risks and liabilities. Holder A.T., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995. x, 82p. Illus. 17 ref., ISBN 1-85953-025-7 (In English)

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This report explains the legal requirements for the management of health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises. Contents: fundamentals of English and European law; health and safety law (outline of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and regulations made under it); duties of employers; management of health and safety (including requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 - see CIS 92-1754); safe plant; safety of articles and substances; information, instruction, training and supervision; safe place; working environment; emergencies; case study. (65956)

CIS 96-131 How to handle a health and safety inspection - When the health and safety inspector calls. Falconer E., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995. viii, 53p. 16 ref., ISBN 1-85953-020-6 (In English)

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This report provides guidance for managers, employers and the self-employed on the legal requirements for workplace inspection. Contents: outline of the United Kingdom Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and how the requirements are enforced; role of the manager (health and safety policy, risk assessment); role of inspectors (enforcing authorities, powers of inspectors, enforcement statistics); planned inspections (frequency of inspections, what the inspector is looking for); accident investigation and other visits (reporting of accidents and diseases). (65960)

CIS 96-132 Occupational health and safety legislation in India. D'Souza R., Forurensende Industri-Lokalisering, Department of Human Geography, P.O. Box 1146 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway, 1995. 61p. 34 ref. (In English)

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Study of occupational health and safety (OHS) legislation in India, with particular reference to workmen's compensation. Three basic pieces of legislation are in effect: the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 and the Factories Act, 1948 (CIS 89-701). Three main kinds of legislative impact are considered: how workers may be excluded from benefits offered by law, what the conceptual limitations are to proper compensation and how legislation is administered. Further chapters cover: the occupational health situation in India; international standards and standards in the North (i.e. the developed world); the political economy of OHS. In annex: some statistics on reported occupational diseases in India; comparison of schedules of occupational diseases as defined by different pieces of legislation; estimates of the true incidence in India of certain occupational diseases, based on sample surveys. (66011)

CIS 96-133 Health and Safety Commission annual report 1994/95. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, 1995. xix, 156p. Illus. 99 ref. Index. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-1009-8 (In English)

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This report describes the role and activities of the Health and Safety Commission and Health and Safety Executive and the main influences on their activities during 1994/95. The main achievements against priorities and targets are outlined. Legislative proposals on which progress was made during the year are summarized along with examples of guidance published, inspection and enforcement initiatives, research projects and financial management. Includes a summary of statistics on occupational injuries, ill health, dangerous occurrences and gas safety for 1994/95. (66039)

CIS 96-134 Prevention: The golden path to social policy - Towards a key role for prevention. (French: La prévention: voie privilégiée de la politique sociale - Vers une position clé de la prévention; Spanish: La prevención: vía privilegiada de la política social hacía una posición clave de la prevención) International Social Security Association (ISSA), Case Postale 1, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, [c1995]. 22p. (In English, French, German, Spanish)

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This booklet addresses the concept of prevention as an integral part of the overall concept of social security. Prevention in the world of work is discussed and a prevention strategy is put forward based on technical measures, behavioural change and organizational measures. Objectives and action plans of the ISSA and its International Sections are outlined. (65905)

CIS 96-135 Economic incentives to improve the working environment: Summary and conclusions of an international study. Bailey S., European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, ed., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. 47p. 8 ref. Price: ECU 8.50., ISBN 92-826-7685-4 (In English)

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This report examines the use of legal instruments (eg laws, regulations and standards) and market-based instruments (levies, charges, incentives, subsidies) as a means of improving the levels of safety and health in the workplace. Existing incentive schemes in a number of countries are described and their benefits, adverse effects and effectiveness are discussed. Insurance-based systems are also described. Evidence suggests that such schemes do have a beneficial effect. (65909)

CIS 96-136 Catalogue of economic incentive systems for the improvement of the working environment. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1994. xiii, 46p. Illus. Price: ECU 8.50., ISBN 92-826-2705-5 (In English)

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This catalogue provides details of 21 economic incentive systems in 14 European countries and Canada. The schemes are aimed at improving the working environment beyond the minimum level required by legislation. A general description of each scheme is provided along with administrative details, risk assessment techniques and the method of calculation of the incentives. (65910)

CIS 96-137 Principles of environmental health and safety management. West G.A., Michaud R.W., eds., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, 1995. xix, 359p. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-86587-478-6 (In English)

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This manual provides advice on developing an environmental management programme within an enterprise. Contents: understanding the company that the environmental health and safety (EH&S) programme is to serve; advantages of an EH&S programme; establishing the scope of corporate policies and programmes; organization of an EH&S management programme; environmental education and training; information management; cost accounting; effective workplace communications; strategic planning; process safety; pollution prevention and waste minimization; environmental concerns in business transactions; role of auditing and benchmarking. In appendix: comparative discussion of ISO standards 9000 (total quality management) and draft 14000 (environmental management). (65911)

CIS 96-138 The role of the safety and health manager. Watterson A., Wright L., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 56p. 16 ref., ISBN 1-85953-015-X (In English)

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Guide to the role and functions of the health and safety manager (HSM). Contents: the need for health and safety management and for an HSM (reducing the impact of enforcement action, avoiding costs of accidents and ill-health, efficiency gains); requirements of HSMs (competence, training, qualifications, use of consultants); key functions of HSMs (development of management strategy, communication, workforce consultation, hazard evaluation, monitoring health and safety performance); resources required by HSMs; examples of the type of HSM needed in various workplaces; programme of action for a new HSM. (65957)

CIS 96-139 Total quality for safety and health professionals. Pierce F.D., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA, 1995. xiv, 229p. 135 ref. Index., ISBN 0-86587-462-X (In English)

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This manual explains how the concept of total quality management may be applied to the management of health and safety. Topics covered include: definition of the concepts and components of total quality; just-in-time manufacturing and its application to safety and health programmes; blocks to total quality and the process of change; management responsibility; employee participation; proactive versus reactive safety management; control programs; setting goals and objectives; training, information and communication; the multifunctional professional; safety and health rules and their enforcement; program evaluations; the concept of continuous improvement. (65962)

CIS 96-140 Learning from failure - the systems approach. Fortune J., Peters G., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom, 1995. xi, 262p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 19.99., ISBN 0-471-94420-3 (In English)

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This manual discusses the nature of failure and examines various approaches to the understanding of failure based on both individual and organizational behaviour. The systems failures method is described and applied to an aircraft fire at Manchester Airport, United Kingdom, the chemical plant disaster at Bhopal, India, the failure of electronic medical records in the health care systems of the United Kingdom, Canada and the USA, and to the Channel Tunnel. A final chapter looks at the contribution of the systems failures method to risk analysis and disaster prevention. (65971)

CIS 96-141 Insurance and prevention: Some thoughts on social engineering in relation to externally caused injury and disease. Larsson T.J., Clayton A., eds., Institute for Human Safety and Accident Research (IPSO), Peter Myndes Backe 12, 118 46 Stockholm, Sweden, 1994. 368p. Illus. (In English)

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This book is based on a symposium held in Bergerac, France in September 1993 and considers how accident prevention activities can be conducted in conjunction with insurance-based schemes. The focus is on the compensation and rehabilitation of accident victims and the financing of these arrangements. Topics covered include: the recording, collection and analysis of information related to injury and disease (examples of systems in some European countries); use of insurance material in injury prevention; compensation and rehabilitation schemes; financing, levies and premiums; restructuring of workers' compensation schemes in Sweden, New Zealand and the USA; new technology and large-scale risks and disasters. (65972)

CIS 96-142 Use of risk assessment within government departments. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vii, 46p. 6 ref. (In English)

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This report by the Interdepartmental Liaison Group on Risk Assessment describes current risk assessment practices used by government departments in decision-making related to health, safety and the environment in the United Kingdom. A review of the principles and practice of risk assessment is presented and its use within each department is analyzed, including that of the Health and Safety Commission and Executive. Common approaches are identified and recommendations are made for increasing coherence and consistency in certain areas. (66129)

CIS 96-143 National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA) annual report 1995. National Occupational Safety Association, Nosa Safety Centre, 508 Proes Street, Arcadia, Pretoria 0083, South Africa, 1995. 28p. Illus. (In English)

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This report describes the activities of the South African National Occupational Safety Association (Nosa) during 1995. These include developments in specific industrial sectors, improvements in training, Nosa publications, development of new safety and health auditing procedures, and international cooperation. Annual financial statements are included. (66130)

CIS 96-144 Occupational safety and health guide. (French: Guide de la santé sécurité au travail) Bender H., Editions Tissot, B.P. 93, 74003 Annecy Cedex, France, 2nd Quarter 1995. 607p. + Update inserts. (In French)

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This loose-leaf file with regular updates is a guide to the management of occupational safety and health in France. There are seven chapters: legal safety requirements (labour code, new penal code, social security code, European directives); preventive measures (risk assessment requirements and methodology, assessment of specific risks, safety audit); organization of safety at the workplace (ergonomics, safety at work, first aid, fire safety); training and safety (the law "training for safety", required safety training, texts of the labour code relative to training and safety); safety and health personnel (labour inspector, safety officer, industrial physician, etc.); safety procedures (subcontractors, large works, noise, dangerous substances, work at height, machines); safety measures (signage and signalling, data sheets on equipment and tasks, safety rules, company standards, verification and control, delegation of safety and health responsibilities). (66160)

CIS 96-145 Health and safety in small firms - Discussion document. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1995. ii, 19p. 14 ref. (In English)

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This discussion document explains the plans of the Health and Safety Commission for improving the awareness and understanding of occupational safety and health in small firms. The Commission's views are presented on attitudes of small firms towards the costs and benefits of safety and health, the regulatory system, the role of inspection, contact between the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and small firms, working with other organizations to help small firms, and improving HSE information services. The views of small firms on these issues are invited. (66210)

CIS 96-146 A guide to the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 84p. 10 ref. Price: GBP 6.95., ISBN 0-7176-1012-8 (In English)

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This guide provides the full text of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995 and schedules (see CIS 95-1930) along with detailed guidance notes. Key changes from RIDDOR 1985 are summarized. Contents: interpretation of the Regulations and notes on selected definitions; requirements for notification and reporting of injuries and dangerous occurrences; reporting the death of an employee, cases of disease and gas incidents; record keeping and availability; additional provisions relating to mines and quarries and offshore workplaces. Notes on the schedules are provided and sample report forms are included. (66174)

CIS 96-147 Everyone's guide to RIDDOR '95. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1996. 10p. (In English)

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This leaflet provides a simple guide to the responsibilities of employers and the self-employed under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995 (see CIS 95-1930). Guidance is given on the requirements for reporting a death or major injury, an over-three-day injury, a disease or a dangerous occurrence. Definitions of these incidents are provided and a sample report form is included. (66175)

CIS 96-148 Guidelines for the provision of facilities and general safety and health in commercial and industrial premises. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 70p. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and its Regulations 1995 in all commercial and industrial premises; extracts from the legislation are included along with references to further information. Contents: provision of welfare facilities and a safe work environment; general safety provisions (control of physical, mechanical and electrical hazards); precautions during the use of hazardous substances and materials; identification and management of occupational health problems. (65892)

CIS 96-149 Occupational accidents - Legal and statutory aspects. (French: Accidents du travail - Aspects législatifs et réglementaires) Zakia T., Goulfier C., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, 4th Quarter 1995, No.109. 6p. 9 ref. (In French)

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Summary note on the legal and statutory aspects of occupational accidents (OA) in France. Contents: historical background; definition of OA; recognition of the accident; imputation of the initially reported injuries to an OA; contamination by the AIDS virus; death and OA; full or partial recovery; special problems (treatment); compensation; permanent partial disability (PPD), medical confidentiality and the PPD report, review of the level of PPD, calculation of compensation, "inexcusable fault of the employer". (66152)

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CIS 96-150 New occupational risk factors for chronic renal failure. Nuyts G.D., Van Vlem E., Thys J., De Leersnijder D., D'Haese P.C., Elseviers M.M., De Broe M.E., Lancet, 1 July 1995, Vol.346, No.8966, p.7-11. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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Occupational histories of 272 men and women with chronic renal failure were compared with those of 272 matched controls. Significantly increased risks of chronic renal failure were found for exposure to lead, copper, chromium, tin, mercury, welding fumes, silicon-containing compounds, grain dust and oxygenated hydrocarbons. The frequencies of various occupational exposures were high among patients with diabetic nephropathy. The study confirms previously identified risk factors and suggests that additional occupational exposures, for which there is some other experimental evidence, may be important in the development of chronic renal failure. (65935)

CIS 96-151 Stomach cancer risk among black and white men and women: The role of occupation and cigarette smoking. Burns P.B., Swanson G.M., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.37, No.10, p.1218-1223. 35 ref. (In English)

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A telephone interview survey was carried out to determine occupational and tobacco-use histories for 739 stomach cancer cases and 3750 population controls. Cigarette smokers had a 50% increase in stomach cancer risk; risk increased with increasing levels of smoking. The majority of occupations with significant increases in stomach cancer risk were among white men and included agricultural workers, driver sales, assembly workers, mechanics and material movers. Black women assembly workers and white women food workers were also at increased risk. No association was found between dust exposure and stomach cancer. (65998)

CIS 96-152 Occupation and stomach cancer in a cohort of Swedish men. Chow W.H., McLaughlin J.K., Malker H.S.R., Weiner J.A., Ericsson J.L.E., Stone B.J., Blot W.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1994, Vol.26, No.4, p.511-520. 43 ref. (In English)

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Using the Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry, a population-based assessment of stomach cancer incidence by industry and occupation for men in Sweden was carried out for the years 1961 to 1979. Nearly 17,000 stomach cancer cases were diagnosed during this period. Incidence was elevated among miners and quarrymen, farmers and fishermen, and craftsmen and production workers. There was a reduced incidence among white collar workers. Examination of specific jobs revealed generally elevated rates of stomach cancer among men exposed to dusty work environments. Findings add to the evidence of a small but significant occupational role in stomach carcinogenesis. (66106)

CIS 96-153 Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis. Ford J.G., Felton C.P., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.561-574. 67 ref. (In English)

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Emerging molecular biologic technologies hold the promise of more rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and more definitive epidemiologic linkages of cases of TB. In addition to reviewing the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, this chapter covers a variety of methods for the rapid detection of the disease, including the acid-fast smear, conventional culture, the BACTEC system, immunodiagnostic methods, and DNA-based techniques. (66219)

CIS 96-154 The relationship between TB and HIV infections. Rose D., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.575-587. 89 ref. (In English)

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AIDS is widely believed to be the strongest influence on the spread of tuberculosis, one of the most common opportunistic infections in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In this chapter, the author details the unique interrelationship between these two widespread infections as well as their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prevention, and treatment. (66220)

CIS 96-155 Epidemiology of tuberculosis among health care workers. Markowitz S.B., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.589-608. 53 ref. (In English)

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Factors such as poor environmental, hygienic, and infection controls responsible for the excessive conversion rates found among health care workers in numerous studies are explored. The role of outbreak investigations, surveillance studies, and current epidemiologic studies in efforts to control the hazard of airborne tuberculosis in the workplace are reviewed. (66221)

CIS 96-156 Control of tuberculosis in the workplace: Engineering controls. Nagin D., Pavelchak N., London M., DePersis R.P., Melius J., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.609-630. 32 ref. (In English)

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In this review of engineering controls that can be used to check the spread of tuberculosis in health care settings, types of ventilation and supplements to ventilation such as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation are addressed. Engineering controls for use during medical procedures that pose an increased risk for transmission of TB are specifically covered. (66222)

CIS 96-157 The role of respiratory protective devices in the control of tuberculosis. Hodous T.K., Coffey C.C., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.631-657. Illus. 83 ref. (In English)

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This comprehensive review describes various types of respirators and the major issues in their application to TB control, including the degree of protection they offer and cost. Recent recommendations regarding the use of respiratory protective devices also are discussed. (66223)

CIS 96-158 Tuberculosis in the workplace: A labor perspective. Cohen J., Kenny L., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.659-670. 9 ref. (In English)

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It was not until several health care unions petitioned the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for a bloodborne pathogen standard in 1986 that OSHA began to play a major role in regulating the health care industry. The authors examine the Service Employees International Union's current effort to urge OSHA to develop a standard to protect workers from occupational exposure to TB. They also cover ramifications of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revised guidelines for preventing the transmission of TB in health care settings. (66224)

CIS 96-159 Regulatory considerations of occupational tuberculosis control. McDiarmid M., Gillen N.A., Hathon L., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.671-679. 25 ref. (In English)

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According to this study, the classic hierarchy of industrial hygiene controls may be successfully used to control TB. Various elements of hygiene control programmes reviewed here include TB exposure control programmes, identification and isolation of patients, respiratory isolation, local source capture ventilation, laboratory procedures, employee surveillance programmes, reporting of occupational illnesses, labelling requirements, and respiratory protection. (66225)

CIS 96-160 Educating workers about tuberculosis. Watson L.H., Rosen J.D., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.681-694. 22 ref. (In English)

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Following an outline of the basics of workplace training programmes regarding tuberculosis, the experiences of Hunter College, the New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health, and the New York State Public Employees Federation in developing TB education programmes are described. A resource guide lists agencies and organizations that can be contacted for information on tuberculosis control, educational programmes, and training curricula. (66226)

CIS 96-161 Medical surveillance for workers exposed to tuberculosis. Moline J.M., Markowitz S.B., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.695-721. 77 ref. (In English)

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This detailed discussion of medical surveillance techniques addresses such issues as the administration and interpretation of the tuberculin skin test, the importance of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, preventive therapy with isoniazid, the identification of groups at high risk for TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and regulatory requirements for purified protein derivative (PPD) testing, including Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. (66227)

CIS 96-162 Control of tuberculosis in the workplace: Toward an integration of occupational health and public health. Klitzman S., Kellner P., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.723-734. 32 ref. (In English)

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Current efforts at and obstacles to forging a link between public health and occupational health in the control of tuberculosis in the USA are discussed. The historical roots of TB in the workplace as well as the current crisis that has resulted from the emergence of both the AIDS and tuberculosis epidemics are traced and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) guidelines which embody a comprehensive approach to TB control are detailed. (66228)

CIS 96-163 Future needs: Research, education, and service. Melius J., Nagin D., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.735-740. 9 ref. (In English)

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Sections on research, education, and service summarize efforts that are needed to control the workplace transmission of TB and measures that can be taken while research is being carried out. Topics include ways to identify infectious patients, techniques for measuring the airborne concentration of TB, and the need for surveillance programmes. (66229)

CIS 96-164 Tuberculosis in office settings: The anxiety and the reality. Anselm E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Oct.-Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.4, p.741-747. 7 ref. (In English)

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Using three case studies as examples, the director of a major insurance carrier's employee health service shares his perspective on the importance of the early identification of potential exposures, screening for tuberculosis, and communicating to employees. The director emphasizes that "an appropriate level of vigilance" can prevent or minimize a significant number of workplace exposures. (66230)

CIS 96-165 Introduction: Rationale for an update. Gold E.B., Lasley B.L., Schenker M.B., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.363-372. 79 ref. (In English)

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More than 104,000 chemical and physical agents have been identified in the workplace, but the effects on reproduction of at least 95% of them have not been assessed. Changes in the workforce, which underscore the need for evaluating potential hazards to reproduction are described. Findings regarding occupational reproductive hazards to men and women that have been reported over the past decade are reviewed. (66231)

CIS 96-166 Issues in regulatory protection of reproductive health in the workplace. Golub M.S., Chernoff G.F., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.373-386. 52 ref. (In English)

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Provisions of US federal laws that protect reproductive health in the workplace and information on recent federal actions that seek to enhance such protection are reviewed. The state of California's Birth Defects Prevention Act and its Proposition 65, regulatory programmes that specifically address reproductive toxicity, also are described. (66232)

CIS 96-167 Clinical approach to male reproductive problems. Overstreet J.W., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.387-404. 124 ref. (In English)

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This review of the currently recommended clinical and laboratory approach to the evaluation of male reproductive problems describes history-taking, physical examination, evaluation of semen, evaluation of abnormalities of the endocrine system, and specialized laboratory tests such as bioassays, biochemical tests of sperm function, and tests for antisperm antibodies. (66233)

CIS 96-168 Occupational hazards to male reproduction. Schrader S.M., Kanitz M.H., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.405-414. 77 ref. (In English)

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Since the field of reproductive toxicology was firmly established a generation ago, various approaches have been used to study toxicologic effects. This report details the reproductive effects that have been observed in a number of population-based studies, case-control studies, standardized fertility ratio studies, cohort studies, and clinical studies. (66234)

CIS 96-169 Clinical approach to female reproductive problems. Cheung A.P., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.415-422. 14 ref. (In English)

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Conditions of infertility addressed here include ovulatory dysfunction, tubal and pelvic factors, uterine and cervical factors, immunologic factors, and unexplained infertility. A discussion of recurrent loss of pregnancy and antenatal diagnosis completes the chapter. (66235)

CIS 96-170 Methods for evaluating reproductive health of women. Lasley B.L., Shideler S.E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.423-433. 28 ref. (In English)

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As opposed to the clinical approach, the authors here focus on largely subclinical events of importance to reproductive health that may occur without the awareness of the woman or her physician. Urinary assays that can detect early fetal loss, monitor ovarian function, and pituitary function are described in detail. (66236)

CIS 96-171 Occupational hazards to fertility and pregnancy outcome. Gold E.B., Tomich E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.435-469. 101 ref. (In English)

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Many diverse substances and other factors encountered in the workplace that have been associated with infertility and spontaneous abortion are addressed in this chapter, including toluene, mercury, organic solvents, noise, shift work, irregular work schedules, stress, dry cleaning chemicals, antibiotics, and others. Extensive tables detail the results of numerous studies that have assessed the reproductive effects of occupational exposures. (66237)

CIS 96-172 Congenital malformations related to occupational reproductive hazards. Sever L.E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.471-494. 82 ref. (In English)

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Occupational and environmental agents are the suspected cause of at least some of the approximately 60% of birth defects whose aetiology is unknown. Studies of birth defects published since 1988 are reviewed, including those that examine associations between congenital malformations and both maternal and paternal exposures. (66238)

CIS 96-173 Childhood cancers associated with parental occupational exposures. Gold E.B., Sever L.E., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.495-539. 67 ref. (In English)

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Statistics suggest that environmental and occupational exposures may be at least partially responsible for an increased incidence of cancer in children. The latest findings in this area of research are described including the methodological concerns that arise and how they affect the derivation of causal inferences from such studies. (66239)

CIS 96-174 Incidence of cancer among Finnish airline cabin attendants, 1967-92. Pukkala A., Auvinen A., Wahlberg G., British Medical Journal, 9 Sep. 1995, Vol.311, p.649-652. 18 ref. (In English)

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Follow-up, cancer-registry based, cohort study of cancer incidence in all Finnish airline attendants up to 31 Dec. 1992 who had not died before 1 Jan. 1967 (187 men, 1577 women). The radiation dose (primarily due to cosmic radiation) that airline cabin crews are exposed to was estimated at 2-3mSv/yr. Female cabin attendants had a significant 1.9-fold increase of breast cancer. Breast cancer incidence, even when social class and reproductive factors were taken into account, was significantly higher (almost 2-fold) in those who had worked for >15yrs in the profession. Several other cancers, including melanoma (3 cases), bone cancer (2 cases) and leukaemia (2 cases) had a higher than expected incidence in female cabin attendants, but it did not reach statistical significance in any of these cases. The observed increase in risk ratios is much higher than expected on the basis of present estimates of health hazards due to radiation. A letter in The Lancet ("Breast cancer in female flight attendants", by Stewart T. and Stewart N., 25 Nov. 1995, Vol.346, No.8987, p.1379, 9 ref.), attempts to explain the increased risk ratio for breast cancer by attributing it to immune promotion of oncogenesis brought on by exposure to low-level radiation. (66014)

CIS 96-175 A review of certification programs of occupational hygiene professionals in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy and the Netherlands. Burdorf A., Kortsha G., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1147-1151. 16 ref. (In English)

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Comparison of certification schemes in five countries showed fair agreement on the qualifications required for the designation of professional occupational hygienist. These include an academic degree in natural sciences, medicine or engineering, five years experience in the comprehensive practice of occupational hygiene, and successful passing of examinations. The main characteristics of the schemes are summarized. The need for international collaboration on the mutual recognition of national designations and the interchangeability of current schemes is discussed. (66202)

CIS 96-176 Recent trends and developments in occupational health policies and professional practices of company doctors. Current developments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Bieneck H.J., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1995, Vol.8, No.2, p.81-87. 3 ref. (In English)

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Regulations and initiatives arising from the Company Doctors, Safety Engineers and Other Safety Specialists Act 1974 are described and compared with European Union recommendations. The main initiatives concern the availability of company doctor and safety specialist services for all workers, improved training of safety specialists, and the establishment of quality parameters for company doctor services. The status of each of these objectives is reviewed along with the outlook for the future. (66004)

CIS 96-177 Development of an ISO 9000 compatible occupational health standard: Defining the issues. Dyjack D.T., Levine S.P., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.599-609. Illus. 58 ref. (In English)

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Investigations were carried out to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of developing an international occupational safety and health management standard (OSHMS) compatible with the ISO 9000 series of quality management and assurance standards and the draft 14000 series of environmental management standards. The scope and registration procedure of the ISO 9000 series are described. Major advantages of an ISO OSHMS include the harmonization of national standards and increased emphasis on employee-driven health and safety programs. Disadvantages include program development costs and the logistics of developing an acceptable standard. Development of an ISO 9000 compatible OSHMS merits further discussion and debate. (66116)

CIS 96-178 Reversal of the healthy-worker effect. Archer V.E., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.33-36. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The healthy-worker effect (HWE) and its possible reversal at advanced ages are discussed. The HWE deficit of deaths at younger ages must be compensated for by extra deaths at advanced ages. A hypothesized distribution of these compensating deaths illustrates how they may increase age-specific mortality rates. This can probably produce spurious associations with occupational exposures when cohort follow-up is long. This point is illustrated for lung cancer by data from a reported study of beryllium workers. While the data give strong support to the concept of HWE reversal, they are not conclusive. (66145)

CIS 96-179 Occupational health research in developing countries - The experience in Ecuador. Cullen M.R., Harari R., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.39-46. 12 ref. (In English)

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Based on 15 reports of occupational health research conducted in Ecuador between 1980 and 1993, persistent themes are identified: the preponderance of cross-sectional study designs, the limited availability of quantitative exposure measures, and the utilization of nonstandard clinical measures of outcome. These limitations highlight the potential value of cooperation between local investigators and collaborators from developed countries. The review also revealed a predominance of studies designed to confirm established relationships between well-known toxicants and health, rather than to explore new hypotheses. Summaries of the studies are presented. (66146)

CIS 96-180 Workplace policy on hazards to reproductive health. Saiki C.L., Gold E.B., Schenker M.B., Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, July-Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.3, p.541-549. 26 ref. (In English)

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This chapter on workplace policy pays particular attention to the paradox that the worker's right to be free of discrimination in the workplace may conflict with the right to be free of hazards to reproduction. Legal and ethical concerns are discussed, as are issues such as employee counselling, job transfers and reassignments, and screening, monitoring, and surveillance. (66240)

CIS 96-181 Application of two secondary documentary sources to identify the underreporting of fatal occupational injuries in Cape Town, South Africa. Lerer L.B., Myers J.E., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1994, Vol.26, No.4, p.521-527. 18 ref. (In English)

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Data on fatal occupational injuries from the medical examiner's records in the state mortuary in Cape Town, South Africa were compared with those of the occupational safety inspectorate of the Department of Manpower. 28% of fatalities had not been reported in terms of statutory regulations. Unreported deaths accounted for 25% of all fatal occupational injuries in the construction industry; none of the fatal injuries in agriculture and fishing had been reported. Falls constituted 45% of the unreported fatalities. High levels of under-reporting indicate deficiencies in current occupational safety surveillance and enforcement in South Africa. (66107)

CIS 96-182 Occupational health in China: 'Rising with force and spirit'. Guidotti T.L., Levister E.C., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.117-124. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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The occupational health system in China is described. The development and role of occupational health in Chinese socialist ideology are discussed and ten priority categories of occupational disease are identified: lung disease, metal poisoning, pesticide poisoning, organic compound poisoning, toxic inhalation, dermatitis and chemical burns, noise-induced hearing loss, vibration disease, cancer and arc-welder's eye-flash. The role and activities of occupational health and safety institutions are outlined along with education and research, workplace conditions, the role of the dan wei (work unit), the setting of occupational standards, and the outlook for the future. (65941)

CIS 96-183 Occupational health care and work incapacity: Recent developments in the Netherlands. van Dijk F.J.H., Prins R., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.159-166. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Recent developments in occupational health care in the Netherlands are discussed. Prevention of work incapacity has until now played a minor role in employers' policies. However, comparatively high sickness absence rates and large numbers of disability benefit recipients have fostered preventive policies and measures regarding unfavourable working conditions. Topics discussed include: the socio-political context of preventive policy; changing priorities in occupational health and safety; changes in legislation on working conditions; methods and instruments in occupational health care. (65948)

CIS 96-184 Aviation medicine. Ernsting J., King P., eds., Butterworth-Heinemann, Lineacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1988 (paperback edition 1994). xii, 738p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBR 65.00., ISBN 0-7506-2275-X (In English)

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This manual provides a basic reference book on occupational medicine related to aviation. Contents: the pressure environment (effects of pressure change, decompression sickness, oxygen equipment and pressure clothing, toxic gases and vapours in flight); biodynamics (long duration acceleration, head injury and protection, vibration); thermal stress and survival; special senses (spatial disorientation, motion sickness, vision in flight, noise and communication); aviation psychology (cognitive processes, stress and workload, ergonomics); special types of flight; commercial aviation and health; health and hygiene (international health regulations, health of airline ground staff, transport of animals); clinical aspects of aviation medicine (sleep and wakefulness, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and other diseases); accident investigation. (65951)

CIS 96-185 Occupational health. Pantry S., ed., Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom, 1995. xiv, 290p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 14.99., ISBN 0-412-60410-8 (In English)

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This book comprises a collection of articles by specialists in occupational health topics. Part 1 provides an introduction to occupational health trends: worldwide view of occupational health; health concepts and issues to be considered by employers (global and national health strategies, implementation and evaluation of health promotion activities); insurance and liability. Part 2 focuses on specific health issues in the workplace: rehabilitation for work; diseases of occupations; toxicology; ergonomics; occupational hygiene; first aid and paramedics. Part 3 highlights current and future research and training requirements for health personnel. Part 4 describes recent legislation and information sources and services. (65901)

CIS 96-186 Health surveillance at work - A comprehensive review of health surveillance procedures for regulatory compliance and good management practice. Deacon S., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 83p. 7 ref., ISBN 1-85953-000-1 (In English)

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Contents of this report: types of occupational health practitioners and services; United Kingdom legislation (role of management control of harmful substances, reporting of injuries and diseases); health surveillance arrangements (pre-employment medical assessment, periodical examinations, health promotion, sickness absence monitoring); administration of health records; ethical and legal aspects; hazards, fitness criteria and surveillance associated with the use of display screen equipment, manual handling operations, mental health, pregnancy, skin disease, drug abuse and travel and work abroad; vocational medical fitness for food handlers, health care workers and drivers; specific occupational hazards. (65959)

CIS 96-187 Textbook of respiratory medicine. Murray J.F., Nadel J.A., Harcourt Brace & Company Ltd, Foots Cray High Street, Sidcup, Kent DA14 5HP, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1994. 2 vols. ci, 2739p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 211.00., ISBN 0-7216-3890-2 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: scientific principles of respiratory medicine (anatomy and development of the respiratory tract, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, defence mechanisms and immunology); manifestations of respiratory diseases and diagnostic evaluation; types of respiratory diseases, including environmental and occupational disorders (pneumoconiosis, occupational asthma and byssinosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, air pollution, acute pulmonary response to toxic exposures, high altitude, disorders associated with diving, drug-induced pulmonary disease). (65991)

CIS 96-188 Occupational and environmental neurology. Rosenberg N.L., Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington Street, Newton, Boston, MA 02158, USA, 1995. xiii, 374p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 55.00., ISBN 0-7506-9515-3 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: overview of occupational neurology; recognition and evaluation of work-related neurologic disorders; determination of causality and the impairment rating process; neurotoxicity of organic solvents; neurobehavioural disorders in workers; paroxysmal disorders and occupational neurology; movement disorders; chemically induced toxic neuropathy; cumulative trauma disorders; brain and spinal cord injuries in the workplace; work-related low back pain; neurologic disorders in performing artists; occupational and environmental exposures and the risk of developing "naturally occurring" neurologic disorders. (66141)

CIS 96-189 Occupational injuries - Evaluation, management and prevention. Herington T.N., Morse L.H., Mosby-Year Book Inc., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146, USA, 1995. xxi, 579p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 61.00., ISBN 0-8016-6805-0 (In English)

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Contents of this manual includes: epidemiology of work injury; occupational health care and workers' compensation; operation of an occupational health clinic; administrative aspects; legal and ethical issues in occupational medicine; management of disorders of the hand, shoulder, elbow, neck, spine, knee, foot, brain, eyes and skin; management of burns, respiratory injuries, and chest and abdominal pain; patient management; pain management; injuries related to repetitive motion, chemical exposures, temperature, noise, vibration, radiation, electricity and lightning; building-related and infectious disorders; injuries to divers and compressed air workers; psychiatric issues; resources for the physician treating injured workers; personal protective equipment; ergonomics; vocational rehabilitation; drug testing. (66142)

CIS 96-190 Occupational and environmental respiratory disease. Harber P., Schenker M.B., Balmes J.R., Mosby-Year Book Inc., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146, USA, 1996. xviii, 1038p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 110.00., ISBN 0-8016-7728-9 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: history of occupational and environmental respiratory disease; clinical and epidemiologic methods; exposure assessment methods; general disease categories; agents causing various respiratory diseases (asbestos, man-made fibres and nonasbestos fibrous silicates, nonfibrous inorganic dusts, coal, silica, cotton dust, organic solvents, metals, acute gaseous exposure, ionizing radiation, infectious organisms, diesel exhaust); industries associated with respiratory disease (agriculture, forestry products, mining, foundries and steelmaking, petroleum, electric power generation, welding, electronics and semiconductors, hospitals and laboratories, diving, aerospace); environmental health effects (environmental tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor air pollution); clinical programmes; regulatory and policy issues; workplace control strategies (respirators, exposure control). (66180)

CIS 96-191 Report of activities 1994. (German: Jahresbericht 1994) Sozialversicherungsanstalt der Bauern, Ghegastrasse 1, Postfach 313, 1031 Wien, Austria, 1994. approx. 300p. Illus. (In German)

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Among the information provided by the Austrian health insurance fund of the agricultural sector, statistics are given on the number of accidents and diseases in relation with the most frequent causes of accidents in agriculture: number of reported accidents and diseases by province (Land), number of fatal accidents. Breakdown is provided by accident cause (falls, machinery, animals, mechanical hazards), by job carried out when the accident occurred, and by sex of the victim. Compensation figures by Land. (66164)

CIS 96-192 Medical-legal aspects of work injuries. Alder S., Goldburg M., Gotman M.S., eds., Multi-Science Publishing Co., 107 High Street, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4RX, United Kingdom, 1994. xv, 319p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-906522-15-3 (In English)

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Proceedings of a congress on the medical-legal aspects of work injuries, held in Jerusalem, Israel, 15-18 February 1993. Papers are presented under the following headings: heart attack as a work-related accident (role of stress); back injuries and other orthopaedic problems; noise-induced hearing loss; fundamentals and trends of the social welfare system; asbestos dust and work-related injuries; workplace health promotion and pre-employment medical tests; general legal problems concerning work injuries. (65922)

CIS 96-193 A guide to occupational skin disease. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 18p. 16 ref., ISBN 0-477-03580-9 (In English)

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This guide provides information on the causes, diagnosis and management of the following occupational skin diseases: contact dermatitis, contact irritant dermatitis, contact allergic dermatitis, contact urticaria, occupational infections, dermatoses due to physical agents and miscellaneous occupational dermatoses. (65899)

CIS 96-194 Occupational asthma. (French: Asthme professionnel) Pauli G., Bessot J.C., Kopferschmitt M.C., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, 4th Quarter 1995, No.109. 6p. 48 ref. (In French)

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Summary note on occupational asthma (asthma caused specifically by repeated exposure to agents in the occupational environment). Requirements for diagnosis include: anamnesis; skin and biological tests; functional respiratory tests; non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity tests; specific bronchial provocation tests. Many substances cause occupational asthma: substances of animal origin (allergens from mammals and arthropods); substances of vegetable origin (roots, flowers, seeds and flours, wood and derivatives); chemical products. The physiopathological mechanisms of occupational asthma are not well understood. IGE-mediated immunological mechanisms probably play an important role, notably for occupational asthmas caused by glycoproteins. In France, a recent law allows for higher compensation for adverse effects suffered. (66151)

CIS 96-195 Occupational diseases - Legal and statutory aspects. (French: Maladies professionnelles - Aspects législatifs et réglementaires) Zakia T., Goulfier C., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, 4th Quarter 1995, No.109. 5p. 8 ref. (In French)

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Summary note on the legal and statutory aspects of occupational diseases (OD) in France. Main points: definition of OD; statutory aspects (compensation schedules of OD, presumption of the occupational origin of the disease, occupations and jobs involving an occupational risk, notification and time limit for consideration of an OD, duration of exposure to the risk); recognition of an OD according to the schedule (recognition procedure, duties of those concerned); the complementary Regional Committee for the Recognition of Occupational Diseases (role, composition and function of the Committee, recognition procedure for the complementary system, constituent elements of the case presented to the Committee); the specific case of pneumoconioses; compensation of OD. (66153)

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CIS 96-196 Defining farm safety research priorities by a cost-risk approach. Zhao W., Hetzel G.H., Woeste F.E., Journal of Agromedicine, 1995, Vol.2, No.1, p.7-19. 13 ref. (In English)

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Based on a risk analysis of farm-related injury data, priority areas for farm safety research and education were identified. Risk was identified as the Expected Injury Cost (EIC) index per farm worker per year. The expected costs of farm-related injuries were correlated with risk factors of employment status, gender and age of farm worker, hours of exposure, type of agricultural operation, and common hazards on the farm. Since the EIC index combines the probability of injuries with the severity of injuries, it provides a scientific basis for defining agricultural safety research and educational priorities. (66031)

CIS 96-197 Analysis of serious occupational accidents in Swedish fishery. Törner M., Karlsson R., Sæthre H., Kadefors R., Safety Science, Dec. 1995, Vol.21, No.2, p.93-111. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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The present study analyses causes and effects of severe accidents in the Swedish fishing industry during 1986 and from 1988 to 1990, to serve as a basis for preventive measures at a later stage. Hauling of the trawl stood out as the most accident-prone activity, followed by shooting of the trawl and repair work/dockside work. The most common direct cause of injury was falling. Jamming between part of the ship and the otter boards was a predominant cause of injury, as were pricks and cuts. Getting caught in mechanical equipment, musculo-skeletal overload, or getting caught in the trawl and pulled up on the trawl drum were other important hazards. Hands and wrists were the most exposed body parts followed by lower legs or knees and lower arms or elbows. A predominant primary cause of accidents was motion of the ship. Being engaged in unfamiliar work tasks or working with high levels of noise did not seem to have contributed to a significant degree to accidents. Safety equipment to avoid the accident was usually lacking and must be identified as a serious problem. (66137)

CIS 96-198 Traumatic work-related fatalities in forestry and sawmill workers in Australia. Driscoll T.R., Ansari G., Harrison J.E., Frommer M.S., Ruck E.A., Journal of Safety Research, Winter 1995, Vol.26, No.4, p.221-233. Illus. 36 ref. (In English)

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Work-related traumatic forestry and sawmill fatalities in Australia from 1982 to 1984 were studied. Data on 79 cases were obtained from inspection of coroners' files. The fatality incidence per 100,000 person-years was extremely high for loggers (396), and high for forest service workers (52) and workers employed in sawmills (30), compared to the entire Australian workforce (8.1). Felling/trimming trees, traffic-related activities and operating heavy machinery (forestry workers) and loading/unloading logs and operating bench saws (sawmill workers) were the most common tasks being performed at the time of the fatal injury. Being struck by a falling tree, often one that had been disturbed by the tree being felled, was the most common mechanism of fatal injury. Isolation, poor work practice, errors of judgement and equipment problems were the most common factors contributing to the fatal incidents. Emphasis on correct work practice and training (especially in felling), equipment maintenance, and availability of communication and medical retrieval in isolated areas are recommended. (66131)

CIS 96-199 Hidden accident rates and patterns in the Swedish mining industry due to involvement of contractor workers. Blank V.L.G., Andersson R., Lindén A., Nilsson B.C., Safety Science, Nov. 1995, Vol.21, No.1, p.23-35. 19 ref. (In English)

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According to official statistics on occupational injuries, mining accident rates have declined in recent years. However, mining accidents involving workers employed by subcontractors are not recorded in the statistics for the mining industry, but rather in the statistics for those branches of industry within which their own employer is classified. Using data from the Swedish National Information System on Occupational Injuries, this cross-sectional study covers 2397 accidents occurring during a five-year period. The official statistics do not reflect the real risk situation in the branch due to the involvement of contractor workers. Despite the lack of valid exposure data, this category of worker seems to incur more frequent and more severe injuries. These workers also seem to be performing different tasks and to be working under conditions other than those of mining company employees at the time of injury. (66134)

CIS 96-200 Lung cancer among steelworkers in Ontario. Finkelstein M.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1994, Vol.26, No.4, p.549-557. 11 ref. (In English)

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All deaths from lung cancer in two cities in Ontario among men aged 45-74, during 1979-1988 were matched with control subjects who died of other causes. Work histories were provided for individuals identified as steelworkers. Compared to the controls, the relative risk of death from lung cancer for steelworkers was 0.85 in one city and 1.10 in the other. There was increased risk among foundry, coke oven and pouring pit workers. Retrospective hygiene assessment suggested that the increased risk among steel pourers might be related to the use of tar-based mould coating agents (now discontinued) or to exposure to mineral fibres. (66108)

CIS 96-201 Review of regulation - The Construction Sector Task Group. Norton B., Journal of Health and Safety, May 1995, special issue, p.11-14. (In English)

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The work of the Health and Safety Commission's Construction Sector Task Group is described. The group is one of seven set up following the Commission's announcement in May 1993 to review over 400 sets of health and safety regulations as part of the Government's deregulation initiative. Problems with the existing regulations were identified and the following general recommendations were made: rationalization and simplification of the mass of regulation to make it easier to understand and comply with, and a better structure of regulations, approved codes of practice and guidance. (66001)

CIS 96-202 Common accidents among airport ground personnel. Ribak J., Cline B., Froom P., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.66, No.12, p.1188-1190. 9 ref. (In English)

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During the five-year period 1988-1992, 523 work-related accidents resulting in three or more days of absence from work were reported among 2,000 ground personnel at a major airline in Israel. Most common accidents were due to slips, trips and falls (40.3%), lifting and carrying (20.4%), and machinery (18.7%). Work transport accidents and chemical exposures were less common. The accident rate decreased from 71 accidents/1,000 worker-years in 1988 to 40-56 accidents/1,000 worker-years in the subsequent four-year period. (66038)

CIS 96-203 Case reports: Epidemic eye and upper respiratory irritation in poultry processing plants. Sanderson W.T., Weber A., Echt A., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 1995, Vol.10, No.1, p.43-49. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Case studies conducted at 6 US poultry processing plants revealed that processors and inspectors experienced acute eye and upper respiratory irritation associated with their work. More than 90% of the workers reported having symptoms in the hanging, evisceration, and inspection areas at one plant. These outbreaks were all associated with problems or changes in the plants' water chlorination and super-chlorination processes. The inception of complaints at three of the plants was closely associated with the switch to chloramination as a method of disinfection by the local water companies. Chloramination has been reported to produce and release the gas trichloramine, a mucous membrane irritant. Chlorine levels were also measured in water and at times were found to range well above the 20ppm concentration required by the US Department of Agriculture for sanitizing the evisceration machines. Methods used by the companies to control or eliminate the complaints are described. (66218)

CIS 96-204 Health hazards among veterinarians - A survey and review of the literature. Langley R.L., Pryor W.H., O'Brien K.F., Journal of Agromedicine, 1995, Vol.2, No.1, p.23-52. 93 ref. (In English)

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Results of a questionnaire survey of 701 veterinary practitioners in North Carolina, USA showed that 67.8% of respondents had sustained a major animal related injury and 8.2% had been hospitalized for a work-related injury. Hazards included zoonotic infections, animal allergies, and accidental exposure to pesticides, vaccines, pharmaceutical products, anaesthetic gases, and radiation during radiographic examinations. The use of exposure monitors and personal protective equipment was also evaluated. Recommendations for risk reduction are presented. (66032)

CIS 96-205 Aging and occupational accidents - A review of the literature of the last three decades. Laflamme L., Menckel E., Safety Science, Dec. 1995, Vol.21, No.2, p.145-161. 37 ref. (In English)

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This paper deals with age-related accident risks (mainly in industrial settings) and draws on selected studies reported in English or French in the last three decades. It is concerned with large-scale and intra-occupational studies that have investigated age-related accident frequency, severity or characteristics. The findings so far shed little light on the expected direction and magnitude of the relation between aging and occupational accidents. A framework is outlined for the identification of jobs in which aging has either a preventive or an aggravating effect on accident occurrence. The safety problems of older workers may well be restricted to activities that are specifically "age-impaired". Age-related accident problems can also be specific in terms of injury type. Further research would greatly benefit from longitudinal designs, proper exposure measurements, intra-occupational investigations, consideration of the positive effect of relevant experience on occupational safety, and greater precision with regard to the type of accident in focus. (66140)

CIS 96-206 Education and motivation for safety and health protection in agriculture - Illustrated by concrete examples. (French: Formation et sensibilisation à la santé et à la sécurité dans l'agriculture - Exemples concrets) ISSA-Section Agriculture, Bundesverband der landwirtschaftlichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Weissensteinstrasse 72, 34131 Kassel, Germany, 1994. 159p. Illus., ISBN 92-843-1088-1 (En), ISBN 92-843-2088-7 (fr) (In English, French)

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Proceedings of a conference held in Angers, France, 12-14 October 1994. Papers include: promoting awareness of risks in agriculture among school children; tasks of female farm workers; safety of children on farms; role of trade unions and employers' organizations; responsibilities of social security institutions; special hazards at fruit-growing enterprises (seasonal workers). (65908)

CIS 96-207 Occupational health and safety performance overviews, selected industries: Issue No.8 - Construction industry. Foley G., National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Oct. 1995. viii, 30p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This report highlights potential safety and health problem areas in the Australian construction industry. Statistics on occupational injuries and diseases are based on workers' compensation data for the year 1992-93 and are analyzed by construction industry sector, jurisdiction, occupation and age group, and by the nature, bodily location, mechanism and agency of the injury or disease and by the time of accident. Compensation costs are analyzed. The analysis confirms the poor safety and health performance of the industry relative to others. Falls, slips and being hit by an object accounted for a high proportion of injuries and diseases. (66205)

CIS 96-208 Update of the UKCS risk overview. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 241p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 50.00., ISBN 0-7176-1003-9 (In English)

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An updated risk overview of the offshore industry on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) is presented. The annual fatality rate (AFR) is predicted to lie in the range 8-40; the main contributory factors being process events, occupational accidents, structural events and helicopter crashes. It is estimated that 75% of major hazard fatalities are associated with evacuation, escape and rescue. In terms of installation type, large, old-style integrated platforms and flotels are the most significant contributors to the AFR. Risks of environmental damage, economic loss and uncertainties in the analysis are also discussed. (66008)

CIS 96-209 A methodology for hazard identification on EER assessments. Gould G.W., Au S.Y.Z., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 85p. 45 ref. Price: GBP 20.00., ISBN 0-7176-0968-5 (In English)

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A study was carried out to investigate the possibility of applying a "HAZOP" type approach to the assessment of evacuation, escape and rescue (EER) from offshore installations. A model of the EER process was defined based on: alarm, access, muster, egress, evacuation, escape and rescue. For each stage, potential hazards due to design, physical conditions, command and control errors, and human failures were identified. A trial HAZOP was carried out for the first three stages. Overall, it is considered that identification of hazards during the EER process can be significantly improved by applying a HAZOP type technique. (66010)

CIS 96-210 Risk assessment in the process industries. Pitblado R., Turney R., eds., Institution of Chemical Engineers, Davis Building, 165-189 Railway Terrace, Rugby, Warwickshire CV21 3HQ, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1996. viii, 138p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 28.00., ISBN 0-85295-323-2 (In English)

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This manual describes techniques of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) in the process industry with emphasis on developments during the past decade. Contents: the need for risk assessment; hazard identification procedures; consequence analysis (modelling the effects of dispersion, vapour cloud explosions, thermal radiation); quantification of event probabilities; application of risk assessment (limitations of QRA, tolerability and acceptability of risk, cost-benefit analysis); specific applications (offshore QRA, transport risks, safety management systems, chemical warehouse storage, environmental effects of accidents, safety-critical computing systems). (66124)

CIS 96-211 Guidelines for the provision of facilities and general safety and health in forestry work. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 29p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-477-03584-1 (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and its Regulations 1995 as they relate to forestry work; extracts from the legislation are included along with references to further information. Contents: provision of amenities and welfare facilities; precautions during work at heights, earthmoving and excavation, maintenance and repair of machinery and use of mobile plant; noise control; duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers of plant and protective equipment; restriction of the employment of young persons. (65894)

CIS 96-212 Operating from or on trees. (German: Arbeiten auf Bäumen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 1995. 12p. Illus. (In German)

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Work at heights in trees requires the operators to wear belts and harnesses which are described in details. These guidelines apply to logging operations as well as to work performed on electric or telephone lines and to tasks by road and rail maintenance workers. (66166)

CIS 96-213 Guidelines for the provision of facilities and general safety in the construction industry. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 76p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-477-03585-X (In English)

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This booklet provides guidance on compliance with the requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and its Regulations 1995 as they relate to construction workplaces; extracts from the legislation are included along with references to further information. Contents: provision of amenities and welfare facilities; protection during work at heights; electrical safety; precautions for the use of hazardous chemicals and materials; safe use of machinery; special precautions during work in confined spaces, work on roads, excavations, underwater diving and demolition; public and general safety; sample safety and health checklist. (65893)

CIS 96-214 Priorities for health and safety in the bakery and flour confectionery industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 2p. 12 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet uses an analysis of reported accidents in the bakery and flour confectionery industry to highlight the most significant risks. The main causes of accidents are tabulated with indications of the situations and equipment involved and precautionary and preventive measures. Slips, trips and manual handling present the main hazards. (65967)

CIS 96-215 Priorities for the fruit and vegetable industry. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 4p. 7 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet uses an analysis of reported accidents in the fruit and vegetable processing industry to highlight the most significant risks. The main causes of accidents are tabulated with indications of the situations and equipment involved and precautionary and preventive measures. Manual handling and slips and trips present the main hazards. (65968)

CIS 96-216 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 - Guidance for the education sector. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1995. 14p. 20 ref. (In English)

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This booklet outlines key requirements of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (see CIS 93-351) as they relate to employers and managers in the education sector. Brief guidance is given on maintenance of the workplace and equipment, the quality of the working environment, floors and traffic routes, prevention of falls and falling objects, arrangement of windows, doors, gates and walls, and provision of welfare facilities. (66206)

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CIS 96-217 Clean room safety and health management. (Japanese: Kurīn rūmu no anzen eisei kanri) Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, Sep. 1990. 128p. Illus. 36+3 ref. (In Japanese)

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Clean rooms are especially important in four sectors of Japanese industry: precision instruments, electronics, food and pharmaceuticals. In addition describing the environmental conditions that must be met for a clean room to meet applicable criteria in Japan and elsewhere, this report explains the physical, chemical and biological hazards due to the clean-room environment and to the processes conducted in clean rooms, presents typical management structures for clean-room operations in the four industrial sectors, summarizes applicable Japanese safety and health regulations and lists hazardous substances and their properties. Annexes list (1) hazardous reactions of substances used in the processes typical of clean rooms, and (2) permissible levels of contaminants in wastes for land fill or disposal at sea. (66199)

CIS 96-218 Safety in the remote diagnosis of manufacturing plant and equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 39p. 8 ref. Price: GBP 12.00., ISBN 0-7176-0932-4 (In English)

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This guidance concerns remote diagnostic systems fitted to computer-controlled machinery and associated equipment in the manufacturing industry; it does not cover telemetry or remote control. Contents: hazards from remote diagnosis; risk assessment; potential sources of danger, safeguards and procedures for remote passive diagnostics, remote active diagnostics and remote interactive diagnostics; example of a remote diagnostics facility; flow chart of remote diagnostics operating procedures. Glossary. (65976)

CIS 96-219 VDT workstations: Layout and lighting. (French: Postes de travail avec terminal à écran de visualisation: disposition et éclairage) Publications Section, Ontario Ministry of Labour, 400 University Avenue, 9th Floor, Toronto M7A 1T7, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 1995. 10p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English, French)

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These guidelines address the factors affecting physical and visual demands on people working with video display terminals (VDTs). Contents: workstation layout (position of keyboard and monitor, use of hand-held input devices, spectacle wearers, adjustable seating and working surfaces); lighting levels and the reduction of glare; task design; checklist for VDT workstations. (65907)

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CIS 96-220 Silicon carbide whiskers: Characterization and aerodynamic behaviors. Cheng Y.S., Powell Q.H., Smith S.M., Johnson N.F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.970-978. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Aerosols of silicon carbide fibres were generated in the laboratory. The diameter-length distribution of fibres from filter samples was determined using electron microscopy. This value was used to predict the aerodynamic diameter based on bivariate analysis. An aerosol centrifuge and cascade impactor were used to determine the aerodynamic diameters and flow orientation of the fibres. Both the aerodynamic size distribution and the respirable fraction obtained from the impactor were consistent with the predicted values. Results indicate that bivariate analysis of fibre dimensions can be used to predict the aerodynamic size distribution and the size-selective fraction for fibre aerosols from filter samples. (65923)

CIS 96-221 Exposure to particulates and fluorides and respiratory health of workers in an aluminium production potroom with limited control measures. Akbar-Khanzadeh F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.1008-1015. Illus. 44 ref. (In English)

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Air sampling at an aluminium reduction plant in Iran showed that, on average, breathing zone respirable and total particulates in the potroom were 0.98 and 1.82mg/m³ respectively; stationary air sampling showed 0.93mg/m³ of total fluoride, 2.09mg/m³ of respirable particulates and 7.59mg/m³ of total particulates. Potroom workers reported a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms than did a control group and also showed a greater increase in urinary fluoride and a greater decrease in their ventilatory function parameters during the shift. Exposure to airborne particulates was generally higher in this plant than in similar operations in developed countries. The advantages of engineering controls are outlined. (65928)

CIS 96-222 Exposures to airborne fiber and free crystalline silica during installation of commercial and industrial mineral wool products. Koenig A.R., Axten C.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.1016-1022. 6 ref. (In English)

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Air monitoring studies were carried out at 18 US locations where various rock and slag wool products were being installed. Task specific samples were collected to determine which aspects of the installation process contributed most significantly to individual exposures. Exposures to both mineral wool and free crystalline silica were consistently below established or recommended exposure levels at all sites; the installation technique introduced the greatest variability in exposure levels. Tables show respirable fibre and respirable crystalline silica exposures for various tasks involved in the installation of different products. (65929)

CIS 96-223 Particle collection efficiency of two personal respirable dust samplers. Tsai C.J., Shih T.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.911-918. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Flow rates to match the new American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) criteria were determined for two commonly used personal respirable dust samplers: a 10mm nylon cyclone and an SKC cyclone. Monodisperse particles were used to evaluate the relationship between particle collection efficiency and particle aerodynamic diameter using a fluorometric technique. For solid particles, the ACGIH criteria were matched at flow rates of 1.3 and 2.2L/min for the 10mm nylon cyclone and the SKC cyclone respectively. While the collection efficiency of the 10mm nylon cyclone was lower for liquid particles than for solid particles, this difference was insignificant for the SKC cyclone. (65989)

CIS 96-224 Comparison of four methods for the determination of asbestos fiber concentrations in workplace atmospheres by phase contrast microscopy. Dion C., Perrault G., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Oct. 1994, Vol.9, No.10, p.707-711. 24 ref. (In English)

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To study the comparability of results of airborne fibre concentrations with field samples using the phase contrast optical microscopy methods, samples were collected in four workplaces that use asbestos. The results were compared between counts on the same sample for four methods [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400; International Organization for Standardization (ISO); modified P&CAM 239; and Institut de Recherche en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST) 243], and between counts of paired samples for all four methods. The geometric averages of the results in field samples of individual observations with their geometric standard deviations were in the following order: the modified P&CAM 239: 61% (1.19) larger, NIOSH 7400: 28% (1.23) larger, and ISO: 26% (1.23) lower than the IRSST 243 method. These results indicate the need for an international consensus in the details of the phase contrast optical microscopy method. (66214)

CIS 96-225 Proceedings of operations and maintenance programs in buildings containing asbestos - A workshop organized by the Health Effects Institute - Asbestos Research. Lippmann M., Samet J., Shaikh R., eds., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Nov. 1994, Vol.9, No.11 (Special issue), p.773-926. Illus. Bibl.ref. (In English)

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The topics of the several papers are grouped under the following headings: criteria for effectiveness of asbestos operations and maintenance; recommended practices and procedures for operations and maintenance; asbestos exposure during operations and maintenance procedures; asbestos measurement and analytical techniques; poster presentations; roundtable discussions. Several authors describe observational studies on airborne asbestos levels generated during specific activities carried out in the course of operations and maintenance programmes. Others address the measurement of indoor asbestos in relation to implementation of operations and maintenance programmes. Several authors describe the development of public policy and guidance related to asbestos management. (66215)

CIS 96-226 Fractional mercury levels in Brazilian gold refiners and miners. Aks S.E., Erickson T., Branches F.J.P., Naleway C., Chou H.N., Levy P., Hryhorczuk D., Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, 1995, Vol.33, No.1, p.1-10. Illus. 33 ref. (In English)

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A study of 30 subjects working in or living near a gold mining and refining region of Brazil revealed that those with recent exposure (less than 2 days since last exposure) had higher blood and urine mercury levels than those with intermediate exposure (less than 60 days) or remote exposure (greater than 60 days). The remote exposure group showed the highest fraction of organic mercury and also reported more symptoms than the other groups. Results indicate a significant exposure to mercury; symptoms may be persistent and low levels of blood and urine mercury do not exclude remote or cumulative toxicity. (65915)

CIS 96-227 Control of paint overspray in autobody repair shops. Heitbrink W.A., Wallace M.E., Bryant C.J., Ruch W.E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.1023-1032. Illus. 39 ref. (In English)

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Controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Respirator usage was also studied. Of the three types of spray-painting booths studied, downdraft spray-painting booths appeared to provide the lowest worker exposure to paint overspray. Ventilated vehicle preparation stations did not control paint overspray. Switching from a conventional spray-painting gun to a high-volume low-pressure gun reduced particulate overspray exposure by 50%. Respirator usage was generally inappropriate; respirators were poorly maintained and/or did not fit. Proper use of engineering controls and respirators is recommended. (65930)

CIS 96-228 Environmental and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Tay P., Pinnagoda J., Sam C.T., Ho S.F., Tan K.T., Ong C.N., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.147-150. Illus. 26 ref. (In English)

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A study of 50 workers involved in various degreasing and cleaning processes using 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) showed that open/manual degreasing processes generated the highest environmental solvent levels, followed by jet-spray cleaning, vapour degreasing and ultrasonic degreasing. Personal exposure levels were well correlated with concentrations of 1,1,1-TCE in end-of-shift expired air and venous blood samples, but only moderately correlated with concentrations of its metabolites in urine. Static (area) samples were poorly correlated with the biological exposure indices studied. (65946)

CIS 96-229 Skin-prick tests for hypersensitivity to α-amylase preparations. Moneo I., Alday E., Sanchez-Agudo L., Curiel G., Lucena R., Calatrava J.M., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.151-155. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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25 asthmatic subjects with suspected α-amylase hypersensitivity were given various tests including skin-prick tests and bronchial provocation tests. Of the eight patients showing a positive bronchial response to amylase, seven also had positive skin-prick tests, this method being the most sensitive approach for diagnosis. In four cases, skin tests were positive while provocation tests were negative, demonstrating that skin tests are not specific. Consideration of these and other facts arising from the study suggests that skin-prick tests are sensitive but unspecific tools for the diagnosis of α-amylase hypersensitivity and should thus be interpreted with care. (65947)

CIS 96-230 Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Hammond S.K., Sorensen G., Youngstrom R., Ockene J.K., Journal of the American Medical Association, 27 Sep. 1995, Vol.274, No.12, p.956-960. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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A survey was carried out to measure the average weekly concentration of environmental tobacco smoke in 23 worksites in Massachusetts, USA. Approximately 25 samplers were placed in each worksite for a week. Nicotine concentrations fell from a median of 8.6µg/m³ in the open offices at worksites that allowed smoking to 1.3µg/m³ in sites that restricted smoking, and to 0.3µg/m³ in worksites that banned smoking. Non-office workspaces were similarly affected. Results indicate that occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke presents a substantial risk to workers in the absence of a policy restricting or banning smoking. (65975)

CIS 96-231 Relationships between phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results of samples from occupational exposure to airborne chrysotile asbestos. Verma D.K., Clark N.E., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.866-873. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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A study was carried out to derive relationships between transmission electron microscope (TEM) and phase contrast microscope (PCM) fibre counts that could be used in the extrapolation of risk estimate from occupational exposure to low-level (nonoccupational or paraoccupational) exposure to asbestos. A total of 65 filter samples (10,318 fibres) were analyzed from chrysotile mining sites and asbestos end-use sites. Ratios of TEM-PCM equivalent to PCM counts varied from 1.4 to 3.2. The proportion of long thin fibres increased as the asbestos operation moved from the primary sector (mining) to the end-use sector (manufacturing). (65984)

CIS 96-232 On-site screening for benzene in complex environments. Burroughs G.E., Woodfin W.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.874-882. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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A commercially available gas chromatograph (GC), shown to be capable of resolving benzene from a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, was compared in the field with other portable GCs, sorbent tube samples and detector tubes. During three field tests carried out in marine vessels, the portable GCs had a total analysis time of less than 10 minutes and detected concentrations of benzene below the OSHA permissible exposure limit of 1ppm (in most samples below 0.1ppm). While benzene concentration measurements using detector tubes were less precise, they agreed with other techniques regarding whether the space was within the 1ppm "safe for entry" concentration. (65985)

CIS 96-233 Biological monitoring of commercial pesticide applicators for urine metabolites of the herbicide alachlor and evaluation of inhalation and skin exposure. Sanderson W.T., Biagini R., Tolos W., Henningsen G., MacKenzie B., Ringenburg V., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.883-897. Illus. 42 ref. (In English)

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Urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the work shift and the morning after exposure from 20 herbicide applicators and seven hauler-mixers. Similar urine metabolite concentrations were observed for both groups, suggesting similar exposures to alachlor. Inhalation exposure, measured using personal air samplers, ranged from 0.32 to 6.4µg/m³. Skin deposition, estimated by patch sampling, hand- and glove-washes and surface wipes inside application vehicles, was highly variable; the hands were frequently exposed. Results indicate that commercial pesticide applicators encounter substantial exposures to alachlor and that proper precautions for reducing exposures are not always followed. (65986)

CIS 96-234 Exposure assessment and hazard evaluation of a polyoxyalkylene glycol aerosol released from a non-CFC mobile air-conditioning system. Chan T.L., Olson M.J., Baker J.A., Farley D.L., Hutchins H.F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.898-904. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Four scenarios were chosen to simulate worst-case exposures to drivers, mechanics or test engineers during an unintentional release of an aerosol containing polyoxyalkylene glycol (PAG). The time-averaged total airborne particulate concentration over a 20-min period ranged from 0.1 to 42mg/m³. Given the measured concentrations, the remote likelihood of the four release scenarios, and the relatively low toxicity of a PAG aerosol with this molecular weight (1700), an adverse pulmonary response in humans exposed to PAG aerosols in actual conditions is unlikely. Similarly, an unexpected exposure of less than 0.1mg/m³ to mechanics while servicing an mobile air conditioning system represents a minimal health risk. (65987)

CIS 96-235 Alternative guideline limits for chemicals without environmental response planning guidelines. Craig D.K., Davis J.S., DeVore R., Hansen D.J., Petrocchi A.J., Powell T.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.919-925. 13 ref. (In English)

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Since Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values are currently available for relatively few chemicals, a methodology was developed for the selection of reasonable interim values for chemicals without ERPG values. A hierarchy of alternative exposure-limit parameters is presented based on a detailed analysis of all the concentration-limit parameters found for 86 extremely hazardous chemicals. Use of this hierarchy, in the order presented and on the basis of availability of parameters for the chemicals of interest, is recommended when ERPG values are not available. A summary of ERPG or ERPG-equivalent values for 30 chemicals derived using this methodology is included. (65990)

CIS 96-236 Latex allergy. Stankiewicz J., Ruta U., Górski P., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1995, Vol.8, No.2, p.139-148. 32 ref. (In English)

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The clinical manifestations of latex allergy are described along with the characteristics of latex allergens and their immunologic mechanisms, and laboratory testing in the diagnosis of latex allergy. Two case studies are presented in which the allergy was diagnosed using a nasal challenge test. Ways of reducing the allergenicity of latex products and of preventing hypersensitivity reactions are outlined. (66006)

CIS 96-237 Changes in the distribution of short-term exposure concentration with different averaging times. Kumagai S., Matsunaga I., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.24-31. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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For ten workers exposed to organic solvents, the distributions of 7.5-min TWA (time-weighted average) concentrations, 15-min TWAs, 30-min TWAs, and 60-min TWAs were examined by the Shapiro-Wilk W test and by plotting the TWA values and logarithmic values on probability paper. Results indicated that the short-term exposure concentrations were distributed lognormally for any averaging time. Thus statistical methods for evaluating exposure conditions based on lognormal distribution can be useful regardless of averaging time. It was also shown that the geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of TWA values with different averaging times could be estimated using Larsen's equations. (66023)

CIS 96-238 Adsorption capacity and thermal desorption efficiency of selected adsorbents. Vahdat N., Swearengen P.M., Johnson J.S., Priante S., Mathews K., Neidhardt A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.32-38. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Four solid sorbents (Tenax GR, Carbotrap, Carboxen 569, and Carbosieve S-III) were evaluated for possible use in a long-term personal chemical-exposure monitor. Different amounts of organic vapours were collected on adsorbent tubes at various flow rates, followed by thermal desorption and analysis using gas chromatography. Average recoveries for n-hexane, methylene chloride and methyl ethyl ketone ranged from 95 to 107%; recovery for toluene was about 85%. Breakthrough times were also measured. No single adsorbent was capable of trapping all four chemicals. Carbosieve makes an ideal adsorbent for long-term personal exposure monitoring of methylene chloride and methyl ethyl ketone. (66024)

CIS 96-239 Occupational exposure and indoor air quality monitoring in a composting facility. Heida H., Bartman F., van der Zee S.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.39-43. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Air sampling was carried out in a covered enclosure used for the aerobic composting of organic wastes originating from vegetable, fruit and garden refuse. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds and hydrogen sulfide encountered in the exhaust air of the facility were relatively low; the limonene level was elevated, but was still below the Dutch threshold limit value. Air concentrations of microbial agents were extremely high; both total bacteria and gram-negative bacterial counts exceeded the provisional Dutch guideline of 10,000cfu/m³ for indoor working environment air. The number of fungi, especially those known to cause respiratory tract disorders, approached the hazardous exposure level. (66025)

CIS 96-240 Sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas evaluations on hood exhaust reductions. Mosovsky J.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.44-49. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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Reductions in exhaust hood fan speed, and corresponding reductions in exhaust volume, as a means of reducing facility operating costs demand evaluations of exhaust hoods to ensure adequate containment efficiencies. Sulfur hexafluoride tracer tests were conducted on various designs of exhaust hoods in order to evaluate their performance in an exhaust-reduction mode. Results confirmed accepted hood design standards and showed that exhaust reductions can be safe but are highly dependent on design, manufacturer, and the operating environment. Administrative controls are required for any hood exhaust reduction programme, along with education on the proper use of the hood. (66026)

CIS 96-241 Validation and evaluation of a lightweight portable device for measuring VO₂. Bishop P.A., Lee S.M.C., McBrine J.J., Siconolfi S.F., Greenisen M.C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.50-54. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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The accuracy and utility of a portable, lightweight, battery-powered telemetry system (PMS) for measuring the oxygen uptake (VO₂) of humans were evaluated. Measures of VO₂ (78 observations, 13 subjects) using the PMS were compared with those from a calibrated reference system based on a mass spectrometer. The PMS values of VO₂ were sufficiently accurate for many research and monitoring applications. The PMS was also highly portable, mechanically reliable, comfortable in use, and potentially useful in many industrial situations. (66027)

CIS 96-242 TVOC and CO₂ concentrations as indicators in indoor air quality studies. Batterman S., Peng C., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.55-65. Illus. 67 ref. (In English)

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An indicator for use in investigations of indoor air quality (IAQ) is formulated based on the relationship between the levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and volatile organic compound (VOC). The indicator is evaluated by case studies involving continuous monitoring in two contrasting office buildings and by a review of published air-quality studies. Results show that bioeffluent and occupation-related emissions often account for a large share of VOC emissions; the suggested indicator clearly shows when other sources are significant. Factors influencing the interpretation of IAQ indicators are discussed. (66028)

CIS 96-243 A sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of primary and secondary alkanolamines in air. Serbin L., Birkholz D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, vol.56, No.1, p.66-69. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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The method described involves sampling a known volume of air by pumping through a silicon gel tube. Analysis is performed by desorbing and derivatizing the analytes with 9-fluorenyl methyl chloroformate in a basic alcohol aqueous media. The resulting derivative is analyzed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. Overall, the method demonstrates a 50 to 100-fold increase in sensitivity over existing procedures. (66029)

CIS 96-244 A simple method for vapor dosing of charcoal sorbent tubes. Thomas M.L., Cohen B.S., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.70-73. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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A method for vapour-dosing of charcoal sorbent tubes that does not require the expense and effort of a test chamber was used to test the desorption efficiency of seven solvent vapours. The experimental system consisted of a loaded filter cassette connected directly to a charcoal sorbent tube. Vapour was generated by injecting liquid solvent onto the glass fibre filter and drawing air through the system. The solvent was desorbed from the filter and charcoal for analysis. The measured desorption efficiencies were similar to those reported for liquid dosed charcoal. The method is suitable for low solvent concentrations (0.2 to 10ppm). (66030)

CIS 96-245 Experimental considerations for the study of contaminant dispersion near the body. Rodes C.E., Kamens R.M., Wiener R.W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.535-545. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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Studies of contaminant dispersion near a body were carried out using a mannequin in a modified wind tunnel capable of simulating a range of indoor velocities and turbulence characteristics; sulfur hexafluoride was used to simulate gaseous contaminants. The results of validation testing for selected experimental components are reported: velocity of flow, mannequin blockage, turbulence intensity, turbulence spectra and measurements of scale, and contaminant profiles. A deceleration zone was noted that extended 50cm upstream from the mannequin, with freestream velocities reduced 50 to 60%, 2.5cm from the chest. (66111)

CIS 96-246 A simple quantitative vapor spiking technique for adsorption tubes. Salkin A.E., Calpin J.A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.568-572. Illus. 2 ref. (In English)

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A procedure for spiking charcoal tubes using a vapour headspace technique for generating in-house quality control samples is described. Adsorption tubes were weighed on a relatively high capacity microbalance both before and after moisture-free vapour saturated air samples (headspace) were drawn through them. Spiking levels were varied by changing the volume of air used in the spike or by changing the temperature of the solvent reservoir. Three different approaches were used, all of which resulted in recoveries averaging from 95-106%. The apparatus used and the results of laboratory analysis are discussed. (66113)

CIS 96-247 Critical review of methods of sampling, analysis and monitoring for TDI and MDI. Levine S.P., Hillig K.J.D., Dharmarajan V., Spence M.W., Baker M.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.581-589. Illus. 49 ref. (In English)

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A review of widely-used methods for the sampling, analysis and monitoring of toluene diisocyanate and methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) is presented. Basic definitions and principles and procedures of quality control and metrology are discussed followed by a critical review of specific air sampling and analysis methods and air monitoring instruments. Recommendations for future work are included. (66114)

CIS 96-248 In-vitro biological study to evaluate the toxic potentials of fibrous materials. Fujino A., Hori H., Higashi T., Morimoto Y., Tanaka I., Kaji H., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.21-28. Illus. 27 ref. (In English)

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The potential toxicities of five man-made mineral fibres and five natural mineral fibres were investigated. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-glucuronidase (BGU) release from alveolar macrophages exposed to potassium octatitanate, magnesium sulfate whiskers, and ceramic fibre correlated with pathologic changes in the lung according to inhalation studies. The solubility of the man-made fibres also correlated with the half-life of clearance in an in-vivo study. Results suggest that measured values of TNF production, LDH and BGU release in-vitro, and fibre solubility combined are a good indicator of the pathogenic potential of fibres in-vivo. (66144)

CIS 96-249 A global ban on lead mining and primary smelting. LaDou J., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.70-71. 3 ref. (In English)

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This editorial considers lead exposure to be a worldwide environmental problem and urges a global ban on lead mining and smelting. While regulations have resulted in reduced lead exposure in the United States, much of the reduction is matched by increased exposure in developing countries to which lead is exported. Although the short-term economic impact of a global ban on mining would probably be severe, the health consequences of lead exposure justify source reduction. Such a ban would stimulate efforts to find substitute products. (66148)

CIS 96-250 Biopersistence of cerium in the human respiratory tract and ultrastructural findings. Pairon J.C., Roos F., Sébastien P., Chamak B., Abd-Alsamad I., Bernaudin J.F., Bignon J., Brochard P., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.349-358. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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Mineralogical analysis was performed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue from a patient previously exposed to asbestos and rare earth dusts. No significant retention of asbestos was demonstrated in lung tissue. Particles containing rare earth (cerium, lanthanum) and phosphorus were identified in alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cerium-containing particles were observed in lung tissue. Ultrastructural analysis of lung tissue revealed particles containing cerium and phosphorus in interstitial macrophages and elastic fibres. Since exposure to cerium oxide had ceased at least 15 years earlier, cerium should be considered as biopersistent in the human respiratory tract. (66183)

CIS 96-251 Biological exposure indices. (French: Indices biologiques d'exposition) Hesbert A., Schneider O., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1996-160-95, p.355-367. (In French)

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Biological exposure indices are reference values corresponding either to concentrations of chemicals or their metabolites in biological fluids or exhaled air or to biological response to a chemical substance. These indices can be used to assess workers' exposure to chemicals and must be considered as complementary to occupational exposure limits in the air. This paper presents the definitions of biological exposure indices given by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in the United States (BEI) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Germany (BAT), describes their advantages and limitations; adopted 1994-1995 values are given in table form. It cancels and replaces the previous one (CIS 93-1944). (66193)

CIS 96-252 Formaldehyde exposure in the funeral industry. Korczynski R.E., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 1994, Vol.9, No.8, p.575-579. 29 ref. (In English)

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An assessment of formaldehyde exposure was conducted at 36 embalmings in 18 funeral chapels in Manitoba, Canada. The occupational exposure limit is defined by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists' threshold limit value-ceiling of 0.37mg/m³ (0.3ppm). Personal exposures of embalmers during an intact body preparation (<1 hour) ranged from 0.12 to 5.64mg/m³. During an autopsy preparation (<2 hours>), exposures ranged from 0.11 to 4.13mg/m³. Concentration for area samples ranged from 0.05 to 8.37mg/m³. Health effects identified by some embalmers included irritation of the mucous membranes and chest tightness. Most embalmers are immunized with the hepatitis B vaccine. Universal precautions against infectious agents were not strictly adhered to in most embalmings. An upgrading of engineering controls, improved work practices, and use of personal protective equipment was required in the majority of chapels. (66211)

CIS 96-253 Health-based occupational exposure levels to chemicals: Interpretation of human data. Lauwerys R.R., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Oct. 1994, Vol.9, No.10, p.689-692. 38 ref. (In English)

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Health-based occupational exposure levels (OELs) to chemicals are mainly derived from three types of information: animal studies; epidemiologic studies; and, rarely, studies on volunteers. The aim of the paper is not to comment upon all the possible methodological biases involved in the different approaches, but to underline two particular aspects of human studies that require careful attention when setting up OELs. The first one concerns the identification of the causal agent and the second the health significance of the effect biomarkers. An approach combining appropriate experimental and epidemiologic studies may help interpret the human data. The paper is the 1994 Herbert E. Stokinger Lecture. (66213)

CIS 96-254 An epidemic of occupational allergy to latex involving health care workers. Hunt L.W., Fransway A.F., Reed C.E., Miller L.K., Jones R.T., Swanson M.C., Yunginger J.W., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.37, No.10, p.1204-1209. Illus. 23 ref. (In English)

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Over a three-year period, 342 employees of a medical centre who reported symptoms suggestive of latex allergy underwent puncture skin testing with extracts of rubber gloves. 104 employees (30%) were latex-allergic. Risk factors for sensitization included frequent use of disposable gloves, presence of prior atopic disease, and prior or current hand dermatitis. Reported effects included contact urticaria, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and rubber-induced anaphylaxis. Findings indicate a local epidemic of latex allergy. (65996)

CIS 96-255 Predictors of blood lead levels in organolead manufacturing workers. McGrail M.P., Stewart W., Schwartz B.S., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.37, No.10, p.1224-1229. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Estimates of recent and cumulative exposure to lead and blood lead levels were examined for 222 workers in an organolead manufacturing plant. Recent exposure to organic lead and recent and combined exposure to organic and inorganic lead were associated with increased blood lead levels. Alcohol use was associated with lower blood lead levels. The data suggest that organic lead exposure affects blood lead levels, probably after dealkylation to inorganic lead; the association with alcohol consumption may be evidence of differences in enzyme-mediated metabolism of organolead compounds. Recent lead exposure and internal lead stores both influenced blood lead levels in these workers. (65999)

CIS 96-256 Acute changes in the EEG of workers exposed to mixtures of organic solvents. Muttray A., Lang J., Mayer-Popken O., Konietzko J., International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1995, Vol.8, No.2, p.131-137. Illus. 22 ref. (In English)

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Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were made of 11 workers before and after exposure to mixtures of organic solvents during the cleaning of printing rolls. Inhalation exposure was quantified by personal air sampling and was considered to be low to moderate. Results indicated that even a relatively short exposure to certain mixtures of organic solvents may cause acute changes in the EEG. (66005)

CIS 96-257 Occupational asthma induced by ethylene oxide. Verraes S., Michel O., Lancet, 25 Nov. 1995, Vol.346, No.8987, p.1434-1435. 2 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication describes a case of occupational asthma in a surgeon following the use of sterile powdered latex gloves. Sensitivity testing showed no allergic reaction to the latex or the glove powder but suggested sensitization to ethylene oxide gas which was used to sterilize the gloves and was probably absorbed by the glove powder. (66033)

CIS 96-258 Impairment of color vision among workers exposed to low concentrations of styrene. Chia S.E., Jeyaratnam J., Ong C.N., Ng T.P., Lee H.S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1994, Vol.26, No.4, p.481-488. 19 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 21 male workers exposed to styrene concentrations below 30ppm in a fibre-reinforced plastic boat manufacturing plant, mean end-of-shift urinary mandelic acid and phenylglycoxylic acid were 84mg/g creatinine and 66mg/g creatinine respectively. Tests revealed that the exposed workers had significantly poorer colour discrimination ability than a non-exposed control group. Results of neurobehavioural tests were also poorer for the exposed workers. Low exposure to styrene could affect psychometric performance and may impair colour vision. (66105)

CIS 96-259 Cadmium-associated renal disease. Savolainen H., Renal Failure, 1995, Vol.17, no.5, p.483-487. 30 ref. (In English)

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The metabolism, toxicity and renal effects of cadmium are reviewed. The long half-life of cadmium in the human organism causes its accumulation in the liver and kidneys. Renal effects include early tubular dysfunction manifested by proteinuria, amino aciduria, glucosuria, phosphaturia and calcium wastage. Chronic effects include decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and increased rate of kidney stone disease. Biological monitoring of cadmium absorption includes determination of urinary cadmium and of low molecular weight marker proteins. (66126)

CIS 96-260 Darkroom hepatitis after exposure to hydroquinone. Nowak A.K., Shilkin K.B., Jeffrey G.P., Care G.L., Lancet, 6 May 1995 and 13 Jan. 1996, Vol.345, No.8958, p.1187. 5 ref. and Vol.347, No.8994, p.121. 3 ref. (In English)

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A communication by Nowak et al, The Lancet, 6 May 1995, reports a case of toxic hepatitis in a hospital radiographer thought to be caused by exposure to hydroquinone fumes and dust from a radiographic developer. A reply by Care, The Lancet, 13 January 1996, describes how hydroquinone dust, vapour and aerosols may form near developers and thus present an inhalation risk. (66127)

CIS 96-261 Silicosis in Brazilian pit diggers - Relationship between dust exposure and radiologic findings. Holanda M.A., Martins M.P.S., Felismino P.H., Pinheiro V.G.F., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.367-378. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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A study of 366 pit diggers in northeastern Brazil, including a questionnaire and chest X-ray, revealed 121 (33.306%) silicotics and possible silicotics. Since the study population comprised itinerant workers performing occasional digging activities, a dust exposure index was developed to determine the exact duration of dust exposure; the mean value of the index was 391.4 days. A clear association was revealed between duration of exposure and the incidence of silicosis. The geoclimatic conditions of the area resulted in very high dust concentrations and the silicosis occurred in its accelerated form. (66185)

CIS 96-262 Determinations of known respirator leakage using controlled negative pressure and ambient aerosol QNFT systems. Crutchfield C.D., Park D.L., Hensel J.L., Kvesic M.K., Flack M.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.16-23. Illus. 18 ref. (In English)

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A study was carried out to assess how well a controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit-test system and an ambient aerosol fit-test system could measure known sources of leakage into a respirator. In repeated measurements of respirator fit for five subjects, the CNP system's measurements of leakage averaged 105% of the known leakage rate (mean coefficient of variation 10%). The ambient aerosol system detected an average of 21% of the known leakage (mean coefficient of variation 62%). The CNP system measurements were substantially more accurate than those reported by the ambient aerosol system. (66022)

CIS 96-263 Methods for assessing the resistance of gloves to chemical substances. (French: Méthodes d'évaluation de la résistance des gants aux produits chimiques) Barat F., Castets M.C., Mahieu J.C., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1998-160-95, p.373-388. Illus. 10 ref. (In French)

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This data sheet shows the results of a study on methods for assessing glove resistance to chemical substances. It presents the testing equipment used and the results which were obtained with thirteen models of gloves. The results of the current study compare well with those of another one previously conducted by the INRS in more than 50% of the cases. Appended are details on the automation of the testing equipment, an example of two recordings, the diagrams of the permeation cells used (according to European and international standards) and the results of the tests with common solvents and some glycol ethers. (66195)

CIS 96-264 Chinese-language labeling of cartridges for air-purifying respirators. Lo W., Levine S.P., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.12, p.961. (In English)

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Cartridges for air-purifying respirators almost always have a label printed in English only. Therefore, non-English speakers may be at a disadvantage in the correct application of these cartridges. This brief article contains packaging recommendations for manufacturers of personal protective equipment. A sample label in English for a chemical cartridge with the proposed Chinese-language translation is included. (66216)

CIS 96-265 Use of ozone generating devices to improve indoor air quality. Boeniger M.F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.590-598. Illus. 69 ref. (In English)

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A literature survey was carried out on the use of ozone to remove organic contaminants from the air and the health effects of overexposure to ozone. Health effects of ozone exposure are outlined along with its occurrence, olfactory detection and gaseous-state chemistry. Reports on the use of indoor ozone generators evaluate their potential for excess exposure and their effectiveness in removing air pollutants. It is concluded that ozone is not a practical or effective means of improving indoor air quality, especially in the light of its potentially serious risk to health. (66115)

CIS 96-266 A cross-sectional survey of workers and their training needs at 29 hazardous waste sites. Cole B.L., Shatkin J.P., Delp L., Brown M.P., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 1994, Vol.9, No.9, p.605-611. Illus. 12 ref. (In English)

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To better understand hazardous waste remediation workers and their training needs, interviews were conducted with personnel (n=115) from 29 sites. Personnel included project managers, prime contractors, subcontractors, safety officers, and on-line workers. All of the prime contractors reported having an emergency response plan, 96% reported having a medical surveillance programme, and 89% reported having a site- specific health and safety plan. Reported inconsistencies in responses from respondents at the same site indicate possible gaps in training and communication. Almost all respondents had received the required 40 hours of off-site training, but 20% reported that hands-on field exercises were not included. Participation in the required 3 days of on-site training was reported by 66%. Lack of experience, the sporadic nature of hazardous waste site cleanup work, and high turnover present special challenges to the implementation of an effective health and safety training programme. (66212)

CIS 96-267 Exposure while applying industrial antimicrobial pesticides. Popendorf W., Selim M., Lewis M.Q., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.993-1001. Illus. 17 ref. (In English)

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Assessments were made of dermal and/or inhalation chemical exposure while applying industrial antimicrobial pesticide products. Inhalation exposure was usually below the chemical limit of detection. Dermal exposure was assessed using dermal gauze dosimeters. Geometric mean total daily equivalent doses deposited on the skin were 1.8mg of product while pouring liquids, 3.4mg while pumping liquids, and 5.4mg while pouring solids (powder or flake products). Just as in the case of agricultural pesticides, the dermal route of exposure for these industrial pesticides is more important than the inhalation route; hand exposure can play a major role in dermal dose. (65926)

CIS 96-268 A history of process and chemical changes for fungicide application in the western Canadian lumber industry: What can we learn?. Teschke K., Hertzman C., Fenske R.A., Jin A., Ostry A., van Netten C., Leiss W., Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Dec. 1994, Vol.9, No.12, p.984-993. 34 ref. (In English)

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The article examines historical changes in anti-sapstain fungicide application in the western Canadian lumber industry. Modifications have included (1) changes in fungicide formulations, (2) substitution with new fungicides, and (3) changes in application technology. The data were collected during three related epidemiologic studies. It was discovered that chlorophenate formulations and application technology were changed without systematic collection of data to evaluate their impact on worker exposure. It was also found that substitution of new fungicide active ingredients occurred before a full package of toxicological data was available about the substitutes. Active targeting of chemicals requiring substitution, establishing systematic rules for the introduction of new chemicals into the workplace, and inclusion of all affected stakeholders in the decision-making process may help to ensure that future substitutions are made on the most rational basis possible. (66217)

CIS 96-269 Quartz exposure levels in the underground and surface coal mining industry. Ainsworth S.M., Gero A.J., Parobeck P.S., Tomb T.F., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.1002-1007. Illus. 4 ref. (In English)

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Occupational quartz exposure data gathered by the US Mine Safety and Health Administration during the period 1988 to 1992 were analyzed. In underground mines, a substantial number of samples contained greater than 5% quartz; some samples represented quartz exposures exceeding 100µg/m³. Occupations with a high frequency of excessive quartz exposure included the roof bolter and the continuous-miner operator and helper. In surface coal mines, the highwall drill operator and helper, the bulldozer operator, scraper operator and truck driver were frequently exposed to high quartz concentrations. (65927)

CIS 96-270 Estimation of risk of developing bladder cancer among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles in the primary aluminum industry. Tremblay C., Armstrong B., Thériault G., Brodeur J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.335-348. 20 ref. (In English)

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In a study of aluminium production workers in a plant using the Soderberg process, 69 cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed between 1980 and 1988. A previous study had identified 69 cases between 1970 and 1979. Smoking habits were determined and exposure to benzene-soluble matter (BSM) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was assessed. Men who had worked in the Soderberg potrooms were at higher risk of developing the disease, the risk increasing with time spent in these departments. The magnitude of risk was of the same order as in the previous study. A strong association was found between risk and cumulative exposure to BSM or BaP. (66182)

CIS 96-271 Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in flour processing workers in the baking industry. Shamssain M.H., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.359-365. 18 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 63 flour processing bakery workers in Southern Africa, ventilatory capacity was significantly lower than in a non-exposed control group. The prevalence of forced expiratory ratio less than 70% was 37% in the exposed group and 8% in the control group; prevalence of peak expiratory flow rate less than 5L/s was 32% in the exposed group and 11% in the control group. Exposed workers also reported more respiratory symptoms. Exposure to flour dust is associated with lower pulmonary functions and a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction. (66184)

CIS 96-272 Results of a survey to assess curriculum needs for academic training programs in hazardous substances. Brosseau L.M., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, vol.56, No.9, p.905-910. 6 ref. (In English)

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A curriculum needs assessment survey was completed by professionals in the areas of hazardous materials and hazardous waste in the USA. Results from 50 completed surveys indicated that the courses considered the most required were those covering relevant regulations, worker training in health and safety, waste management technology, pollution prevention, and treatment technology. Education was also recommended in other areas including communications, property inspection, government relations, and air pollution modelling. Strongest research needs were considered to be in the areas of direct reading instruments, and heat stress management of personnel wearing protective clothing. (65988)

CIS 96-273 Evaluation of an information campaign about working safely with carcinogenic substances. Moonen I.P.P., Van der Rijt G.A.J., Van Koppen K.F.C.J., Van der Gulden J.W.J., Safety Science, Dec. 1995, Vol.21, No.2, p.131-144. 12 ref. (In English)

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An information campaign organized in the Netherlands to foster safer working conditions for those exposed to carcinogenic substances was evaluated. Posters, leaflets and booklets had been distributed to both managers and workers liable to be at risk. A random sample of employees who actually handled carcinogens was interviewed by telephone before the start of the campaign and again three months after its inception. A similar sample from the target group was approached for a post-test only, to control for potential measurement effects. The reach and respondents' opinions of the campaign materials were also charted. An inventory was made of the resulting changes in knowledge, attitude, behavioural intentions and interpersonal communication concerning work involving carcinogens. People who had had the opportunity to study the information became more aware of the risks involved in working with carcinogenic substances and were better able to take preventive action. A further positive effect of the campaign was that it appeared to have encouraged people to communicate on the subject with colleagues, management and others (including the occupational health officer). (66139)

CIS 96-274 Possible genotoxicity in low level benzene exposure. Karačić V., Skender L., Bosner-Cucančić B., Bogadi-Sare A., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.379-388. 30 ref. (In English)

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Structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood were studied in female workers in the shoe-making industry in Croatia in 1987 and 1992. Occupational exposure to benzene and toluene were determined. Levels of atmospheric benzene and benzene absorption were higher in 1987 (a period of intensified production) than in 1992 (reduced production), but still lower than permissible levels. There was an increase in dicentric chromosomes in both groups compared to a non-exposed control group; higher SCE frequencies were observed in the 1987 group. Genotoxicity may occur in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. (66186)

CIS 96-275 Respiratory dysfunction in swine production facility workers: Dose-response relationships of environmental exposures and pulmonary function. Donham K.J., Reynolds S.J., Whitten P., Merchant J.A., Burmeister L., Popendorf W.J., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.405-418. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 207 swine producers using intensive housing systems, positive correlations were observed between change in pulmonary function over a work period and exposure to total dust, respirable dust, ammonia, respirable endotoxin and the interactions of age-of-producer and dust exposure and years-of-working-in-the-facility and dust exposure. Correlations between exposure and response were stronger after six years of exposure. Total dust and ammonia were identified as the two primary environmental predictors of pulmonary function decrements. Exposure concentrations of no greater than 2.8mg/m³ for dust and no greater than 7.5ppm for ammonia are recommended. (66188)

CIS 96-276 Guide to asbestos removal. (German: Handbuch der Asbestsanierung) Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG, Rudolf-Diesel-St. 3, 86899 Landsberg, Germany, 1994. approx. 320p. Illus., ISBN 3-609-75850-3 (In German)

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After a description of the properties of the mineral and its health effects, the guide is devoted to: sampling methods, coordination of work, work plan, guidelines for the workers, personal protective equipment, construction worksites, removal of insulations, decontamination, exhaust ventilation, work on heating or air conditioning installations, floors, fire prevention. The second part deals with the removal of asbestos disposal: legal aspects, information of workers, disposal requirements, transportation, disposal sites. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to the management of enterprises involved in this type of work; German directives on asbestos removal are discussed. (66169)

CIS 96-277 Low-dose extrapolation of cancer risks: Issues and perspectives. Olin S., Farland W., Park C., Rhomberg L., Scheuplein R., Starr T., Wilson J., eds., International Life Sciences Institute, 1126 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-4804, USA, 1995. xiv, 355p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 50.00., ISBN 0-944398-33-2 (In English)

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This book considers the methodologies used in assessing the carcinogenic potential of a compound by administration of large doses of the compound to experimental animals and extrapolation of the results to predict the risks to human health at lower exposure levels. The first six chapters provide an overview of the subject: historical perspective and current practice; mathematical dose-response models; use of biological data in cancer risk assessment; estimation and evaluation of dose; uncertainty characterization and expert judgment. A further 15 papers provide details of specific modelling techniques and applications. (65912)

CIS 96-278 Toxic substances management policy. Enquiry Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada, June 1995. 3 vols. 56p. 19 ref., ISBN 0-662-23524-X, ISBN 0-662-23525-8, ISBN 0-662-61860-2 (In English)

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These three documents describe the Canadian federal policy for the management of toxic substances in the environment. The key objectives of the policy are described and methods of implementation and accountability are outlined. Persistence and bioaccumulation criteria for the identification of substances targeted for virtual elimination from the environment are presented along with a report on public consultations concerning the policy. (65920)

CIS 96-279 Formic acid, formates. Diethylene glycol bis(chloroformate). Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. vi, 99p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-7776-0685-5 (In English)

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Conclusions of these criteria documents, translations of reports finalized in June 1991: formic acid on the skin and in the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, larynx and gastrointestinal tract may cause hyperaemia, oedema, blistering, necrosis and corneal clouding in the eyes in humans. Severe local corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract and systemic effects have been described following oral intake. Textile factory employees exposed to mean airborne levels of 15ppm suffered nausea. Diethylene glycol bis(chloroformate) is of moderate acute toxicity in mammals; the liquid causes irritation of the skin and eyes. (65931)

CIS 96-280 1,5-Naphthylenediamine. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xiv, 53p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0663-4 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1992: no information is available on the effects of 1,5-naphthylenediamine in humans. Animal studies indicate that it is of moderate acute toxicity. The substance does not irritate the skin or eyes; some sensitizing potential has been observed. (65932)

CIS 96-281 Ethylene oxide. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xviii, 103p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 3-7776-0686-3 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in February 1993: ethylene oxide may be absorbed by inhalation or through the skin. Acute exposure may cause irritation, erythema, oedema, blistering, corneal opalescence and respiratory obstruction. Inhalation and skin absorption may also cause systemic effects such as disorders of the central nervous system, breathing difficulties and dysrhythmia. Chronic exposure has also been reported to cause irritation and central nervous system symptoms. An increased rate of leukaemia and gastric carcinoma has been demonstrated in isolated studies but has not been verified in others. Several cases of sensitization have been reported. (65933)

CIS 96-282 Products evolved during hot gas welding of plastics. Taylor H.J., Troughton M.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. v, 28p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1017-9 (In English)

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This report presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the pollutants produced from the hot gas welding of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide 6 (PA6) (nylon), and polycarbonate (PC). Air sampling and analysis was carried out during experimental welding of each material. Significant amounts of particulate matter were only encountered with PVC and PP, where concentrations close to the welding operation ranged from 0.5 to 4.7mg/m³. Other pollutants were detected in personal samples at concentrations substantially less than their occupational exposure limits: caprolactam from PA6, methyl methacrylate from PMMA, chlorobenzene and phenol from PP. (65939)

CIS 96-283 Products evolved during laser cutting of plastics. Taylor H.J., Troughton M.J., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. vii, 43p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-1025-X (In English)

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This report presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the pollutants produced from the laser cutting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and an epoxy/glass composite. Air sampling and analysis were carried out during experimental laser cutting of each material. For all plastics except the epoxy/glass composite, high concentrations of volatile components and particulate material were produced; particulate matter was most abundant from PVC and PC. Pollutants that exceeded their occupational exposure limits included inhalable particulate, benzene, hydrogen chloride, 1,1'-biphenyl, benzyl chloride and formaldehyde. (65940)

CIS 96-284 Human toxicology of pesticides. Kaloyanova F.P., El Batawi M.A., CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA, 1991. x, 196p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 104.00., ISBN 0-8493-5192-8 (In English)

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This manual presents toxicological data on the following types of pesticides: organophosphorous compounds; carbamates; organochlorine compounds; synthetic pyrethroids; organotin compounds; organomercurial compounds; dithiocarbamates; benzimidazoles; chlorphenoxy compounds; and dipyridyls. Information provided includes: properties, uses, metabolism, toxicity (mechanisms of action), dose-effect relationship, effects on humans, and exposure prevention. Further chapters cover miscellaneous pesticides, health effects of combined exposure, epidemiology of acute pesticide intoxication and re-entry periods. (65964)

CIS 96-285 Mercury and its inorganic divalent compounds: criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. Cross H.J., Smillie M.V., Chipman J.K., Fletcher A.C., Levy L.S., Spurgeon A., Fairhurst S., Howe A., Mason H., Northage C., Wright A., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. v, 96p. approx. 230 ref. Price: GBP 25.00., ISBN 0-7176-1014-4 (In English)

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Acute toxicity (respiratory tract irritation and feverish symptoms) has been observed following exposure to high concentrations of elemental mercury vapour. Elemental mercury vapour has produced both non-allergic and allergic dermatitis in exposed individuals; divalent mercury compounds have produced skin sensitization. Psychomotor effects indicative of central nervous system toxicity have been reported for mercury levels of 20µmol/mol creatinine in urine and 45nM in blood. Kidney toxicity has been reported in workers following long-term exposure to high levels of elemental mercury. No clear conclusions can be drawn regarding mutagenic, carcinogenic or antifertility effects. Recommended exposure limit: 25µ/m³ (8-h TWA). (65978)

CIS 96-286 Chlorinated paraffins. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xxvi, 210p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 96.00., ISBN 3-7776-0694-4 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in June 1992: no epidemiological studies are available on the effects of chlorinated paraffins in humans. No cases of poisoning or contact allergies are known following occupational exposure; skin tests on human volunteers produced no symptoms of irritation or sensitization. Animal studies indicate that the acute toxicity of these compounds is low. In studies of chronic toxicity, the frequency and severity of toxic effects decreases with increasing chain length of the paraffins; target organs in mice and rats are the liver, kidneys and thyroid gland. Carcinogenic effects and reproductive toxicity have been observed in animals. (66101)

CIS 96-287 Aminofen. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xv, 52p. Illus. 57 ref. Price: DEM: 48.00., ISBN 3-7776-0690-1 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1992: no data are available on the effects of aminofen (4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)aniline) in humans; no sensitization effects have been observed during its manufacture. Animal studies indicate that it is of low to moderate toxicity. (66102)

CIS 96-288 Phenylhydrazine. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xv, 112p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 72.00., ISBN 3-7776-0691-X (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in October 1993: acute phenylhydrazine intoxication in humans causes methaemoglobinaemia, cyanosis and haemolysis; severe intoxication results in changes to the pupils, motor unrest and convulsions. Phenylhydrazine vapour is highly irritating (dry cough). The substance is readily absorbed through undamaged skin and is a skin irritant. All clinical symptoms are reversible. There is evidence of a sensitizing effect. Carcinogenic effects have been observed in experimental animals. (66103)

CIS 96-289 Tetrachloroethylene. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA), S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. xxiii, 351p. Bibl.ref. Price: 120.00., ISBN 3-7776-0692-8 (In English)

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Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in August 1993: acute intoxication by inhalation of tetrachloroethylene causes irritation of the mucosa, respiratory tract and eyes and depression of the central nervous system. Chronic exposure also causes effects on the central nervous system and there is some evidence of liver damage. Epidemiological data from studies of dry cleaning workers are presented. There is insufficient evidence for the carcinogenic potential or antifertility effects of tetrachloroethylene in humans. (66104)

CIS 96-290 Calculated risks - the toxicity and human health risks of chemicals in our environment. Rodricks J.V., Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbuury Road, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom, 1992 (paperback edition 1994). xxvi, 256p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 9.95., ISBN 0-521-42331-7 (In English)

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This book provides an introductory guide to the toxic properties of chemicals and the assessment of chemical risks. Contents: fundamentals of chemistry; natural and industrial sources of chemicals; human exposure (exposure routes, dose, concentration, sampling); absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of chemicals in the body; toxicity and toxic risk; acute toxicity of highly toxic chemicals; subchronic and chronic toxicity of slow poisons and their effects on target systems; carcinogens; mechanisms of toxicity; dose and response; assessing risks; regulation of toxic substances; recommended improvements and new challenges. (66122)

CIS 96-291 Pesticide incidents investigated in 1994/95. Health and Safety Executive, Crop and Pesticides National Industry Group, Birkbeck House, Trinity Square, Nottingham NG1 4AU, United Kingdom, 1995. 73p. (In English)

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This report describes incidents involving pesticides investigated by the Field Operations Division of the Health and Safety Executive in 1994-1995. Details provided include the activity in progress, the chemical being used, the number of people affected and a summary of the nature of the incident or complaint, including adverse health effects where applicable. Details of enforcement action are also provided. (65937)

CIS 96-292 Environmental audits. Cahill L.B., Kane R.W., eds., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA, 6th ed., 1989. xiv, 559p. Illus. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-86587-776-9 (In English)

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This manual provides guidance on conducting an environmental audit as a means of ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and to identify any environmental management deficiencies. Topics covered include: government policy and legal issues; elements of a successful programme; review of some typical programmes; training of auditors; information management; programme management; pre-audit and on-site activities; typical problems faced by auditors; report writing and follow-up; special audits (property transfer audits, waste contractor audits, management audits and international audits). (65961)

CIS 96-293 Environmental science and technology handbook. Ayers K.W., Government Institutes Inc., 4 Research Place, Suite 200, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA, 1994. xxiii, 389p. Bibl.ref. Index., ISBN 0-86587-362-3 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: environmental processes; human health risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; environmental chemistry and analysis of regulated compounds; air quality; air pollution control technologies; solid and hazardous waste treatment and disposal; underground and aboveground storage tank technology; geology and groundwater hydrology; groundwater pollution control technologies; pollution prevention through total quality management. (65963)

CIS 96-294 Toxic air pollution handbook. Patrick D.R., ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA, 1994. xx, 588p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 75.00., ISBN 0-442-00903-8 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: introduction to sources of air pollutants and legal requirements for their control; health assessment (evaluation of toxicological data, risk assessment and management of inhaled toxic air pollutants, cancer risk assessment); exposure assessment (source sampling and analysis, emissions estimation, air dispersion and deposition models, atmospheric transformation and removal of air toxics, human intake, population and activity analysis, ecological risk assessment); regulatory strategies (legal considerations, ambient concentration limits, technology standards, risk assessment and management, cost-benefit approaches); control methods; special sources of toxic air pollutants; risk communication. (65965)

CIS 96-295 Guidelines for aid agencies on pest and pesticide management. (French: Lignes directrices établies à l'intention des organismes d'aide pour la lutte contre les parasites et la gestion des pesticides) OECD Publications, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, 1995. 48p. Bibl.ref. (In English, French)

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Contents of these guidelines: current situation on pesticide use, side-effects, pesticide management capabilities and the role of aid agencies in developing countries; promoting integrated pest management as the preferred approach to pest control; strengthening pesticide management policies and capabilities; ensuring good practices when providing pesticides under aid programmes. In annex: background information on integrated pest management and pesticide management. (65906)

CIS 96-296 Dispersion of subsea releases - Review of prediction methodologies. Rew P.J., Gallagher P., Deaves D.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 59p. Illus. 63 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-0991-X (In English)

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This report presents a review of methods used for the modelling of subsea gas releases and assesses the implications of using the modelling within a risk assessment. While simple empirical approximations tend to be used in risk assessment, computer modelling based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used in a research context. Lack of full-scale data has meant that the models have not been validated for high release rates common for blowouts or the rupture of subsea pipelines. In general, the assumptions commonly used in modelling the effects of subsea gas releases lead to conservative estimates of risk. (66009)

CIS 96-297 Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Vol.B7. Environmental protection and industrial safety I. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, P.O. Box 10 11 61, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, rev.ed., 1995. xvii, 728p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 625.00., ISBN 3-527-20137-8 (In English)

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Continuation of the collection abstracted under CIS 93-953, 95-265 and 95-693. The two volumes devoted to environmental protection and industrial safety examine the relationship between chemical technology and the environment and workplace. Contents: ethics and industrial chemistry; ecology and ecotoxicology; human toxicology (metabolic processes of toxic substances, mechanisms of toxicity and chemical carcinogenesis, toxicological methods, evaluation of toxic effects); legal aspects (European, US and Japanese legislation); environmental management; noise and vibration (sources, measurement, effects on humans); causes, effects and control of air and soil pollution. Industrial safety issues are addressed in several articles. (66190)

CIS 96-298 Asbestos fibres in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1995. 20p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0913-8 (In English)

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This data sheet describes a method for the sampling and evaluation of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations; it replaces MDHS 39/3 of June 1990 (see CIS 91-231). The principle of the method remains the same. Major changes are: control limits and action levels now apply to two distinct groups of asbestos (all amphibole asbestos minerals, and chrysotile alone); the action level for chrysotile is now 96 fibre-hours/mL; the clearance level indicator is now <0.01 fibres/mL of air; guidance is given on the situations where discrimination of fibre types is allowed; DMF/Euparal for clearing fibres is no longer supported; and flow rates up to 16l/min may be used for static sampling. (66172)

CIS 96-299 Practical ventilation guide. 18. Laboratory fume hoods. (French: Guide pratique de ventilation n°18 - Sorbonnes de laboratoire) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1994-160-95, p.321-339. Illus. 13 ref. (In French)

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Contents: definitions and descriptions of fume hoods and systems for ensuring both energy efficiency and constant face velocity; regulations; safety specifications; rules governing procurement (site analysis, information to be exchanged, installation, acceptance), operation and maintenance; upgrading of existing fume hood installations. Details of French regulations on fume hoods and test methods are appended. (66191)

CIS 96-300 Safety data sheets for substances and preparations dangerous for supply. Health and Safety Commission, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., 1994. v, 14p. Price: GBP 3.95., ISBN 0-7176-0859-X (In English)

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This code of practice provides guidance to manufacturers, importers, distributors and other suppliers of substances and preparations dangerous for supply on their responsibilities to provide safety data sheets as set out in Regulation 6 of the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-23). The circumstances under which such data sheets should be provided are explained. Obligatory headings within the data sheet are listed and guidance is given on the information to be provided under each one. (See CIS 94-340 for previous edition). (65916)

CIS 96-301 Toxicokinetics of chemical substances. (French: Toxicocinétique des substances chimiques) Thomas G., Sandouk P., Girre C., Scherrmann J.M., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.107. 10p. Illus. 29 ref. (In French)

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Information note on the toxicokinetics of chemical substances (CS). The effects of a CS on the body depend on the concentration of the substance in the target organ. These concentrations are determined not only by the amount of CS to which the body is exposed, but also by the processes of absorption, distribution and elimination. Contents: experimental aspects (determination in biological matter and optimization of sampling); principles of deterministic modelling; clearance; compartmental models; statistical aspects of risk modelling (statistical regression models, stochastic models); additional methodology (mixed effect models, models involving time-dependent parameters, toxicodynamic models). (66154)

CIS 96-302 Bromine. (French: Brome) Lévy D., Baud F., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 2nd Quarter, 1995, No.107. 2p. 8 ref. (In French)

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Bromine has numerous uses in industry: in the production of fire retardants and fireproof materials; as an intermediate in the production of films, colorants and inks; its principal use is in the production of antiknock agents and disinfectants and the manufacture of ethylene dibromide. Contents: acute toxicity (conjunctivitis, cough, suffocation, headache, vertigo, digestive disorders, skin burns); chronic toxicity (skin injuries); metabolism and mechanism of action; preventive measures; first aid. Occupational exposure limits: France VLE = 0.1ppm (0.7mg/m³); USA STEL = 0.3ppm (2mg/m³), ACGIH TWA = 0.1ppm (0.7mg/m³). (66155)

CIS 96-303 Chlorine. (French: Chlore) Lévy D., Baud F., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.107. 4p. 39 ref. (In French)

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Chlorine is one of the main primary materials in modern industry. It has a characteristic odour; however, following chronic and repeated exposure, a progressive olfactory inhibition occurs, which explains why chlorine workers suffer more frequent and more severe exposures during the last months or years before retirement. Main points of this note: sources of chlorine and circumstances leading to intoxication; pathological findings; mechanism of toxic action; acute toxicity; consequences of a single exposure; chronic intoxication; mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; prevention and treatment. (66156)

CIS 96-304 Chlorofluorocarbons. (French: Chlorofluorocarbures) Pellissier C., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 2nd Quarter 1995, No.107. 3p. 39 ref. (In French)

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are used as refrigerants, blowing agents for foamed plastics, aerosol gas propellants, cleaning, fluids, solvents, etc. They are generally considered to have a low toxicity. Toxic effects have been reported following industrial accidents or medical overdoses. Main effects are on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Main points of the summary: definition, nomenclature, sources of human and environmental exposure; physical and chemical properties; kinetics and metabolism; toxicity (in particular in occupational exposure); substitution products. (66157)

CIS 96-305 Toxicity of ethanol. (French: Toxicité de l'éthanol) Girre C., Hispard E., Tuszynski T., Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie, Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.108. 8p. 42 ref. (In French)

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Ethanol toxicity is seen at both the somatic and the psychological level. Contents: absorption, distribution and elimination of ethanol in the body; ethanol-xenobiotic interactions; effects of ethanol on the liver (pathology, physiopathology of hepatic changes due to alcohol, clinical aspects), digestive tract, central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiovascular system, endocrine glands, the foetus, the haematopoietic system, the metabolism, bones and muscles; ethanol and antioxidants. (66158)

CIS 96-306 Occupational exposure limits 1996. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. v, 60p. 26 ref. Index. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-1021-7 (In English)

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This annual guidance note replaces EH 40/95 (CIS 95-282). It lists maximum exposure limits (MELs) for 42 substances, and occupational exposure standards (OESs) for approximately 500 substances for use with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1994 (see CIS 95-19). Values are given for both long-term exposure (8-hour TWA reference period) and short-term exposure (15-minute reference period). Main changes to the previous edition include: the addition of biological monitoring guidance values for six substances; a revised list of carcinogens; withdrawal of an OES for carbaryl; and a list of proposed reductions in the OESs for respirable dusts. (66177)

CIS 96-307 Control of workplace hazardous substances: Part 2. Scheduled carcinogenic substances - National model regulations and national code of practice. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia), Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, Oct. 1995. viii, 44p. 10 ref., ISBN 0-644-45154-8 (In English)

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   …NOGENIC_SUBSTANCES_MODEL_REGS.pdf
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   …NOGENIC_SUBSTANCE_COP_NOHSC2014_1995.pdf

These National Model Regulations for the Control of Scheduled Carcinogenic Substances concern the management of identified high risk workplace carcinogens. They cover the prohibition and notification of scheduled carcinogenic substances, response of the relevant public authority, record keeping and reporting of occupational exposure. Two schedules list prohibited and notifiable carcinogenic substances. The accompanying National Code of Practice for the Control of Scheduled Carcinogenic Substances provides guidance on compliance with the Regulations and further advice on the assessment and control of health risks: elimination or substitution of the carcinogen, isolation of work processes, engineering controls, safe work practices, monitoring, health surveillance. (66203)

CIS 96-308 Asbestos - Exposure limits and measurement of airborne dust concentrations. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Rev.ed. Nov. 1995. 10p. 16 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-0907-3 (In English)

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This revised guidance note (see CIS 91-232 for previous edition) concerns employers' responsibilities under the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 1987 (see CIS 89-1418). Contents: Outline of the Regulations and approved codes of practice; asbestos control limits and action levels; when monitoring of airborne asbestos is necessary; approved measurement method as detailed in MDHS 39/4; air monitoring during asbestos removal; selecting laboratories for sampling and analysis. Current control limits: for chrysotile alone, 0.5 fibres/mL air averaged over any continuous period of four hours; 1.5 fibres/mL for a period of 10 minutes; for any other form of asbestos, either alone or in mixtures, 0.2 fibres/mL (4 hours), 0.6 fibres/mL (10 minutes). (66207)

CIS 96-309 Arsenic and inorganic compounds of arsenic (except arsine) in air. Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1995. 16p. Illus. 24 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1008-X (In English)

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This method updates and replaces MDHS 41 (see CIS 85-1616). Principle: particulate arsenic and arsenic compounds are collected on a membrane filter with a sodium carbonate-impregnated back-up paper pad. Arsenic trioxide vapour is collected by reaction with the sodium carbonate on the pad. The filter, pad and sample are digested in acid and the solution is prepared for hydride generation in a continuous flow or flow injection analysis hydride generation system. Gaseous arsine and hydrogen are separated and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Scope: suitable for sampling over periods from 15 minutes to eight hours; not suitable for the determination of certain metal arsenides or in the presence of transition metals. (66208)

CIS 96-310 Safe management of ammonia refrigeration systems. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1995. 16p. 5 ref. Price: GBP 5.00., ISBN 0-7176-1066-7 (In English)

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This guidance note applies to industrial and commercial refrigeration plant in the food and other industries; it does not cover transport refrigeration. Common refrigerants and legal restraints on their use are described along with the hazards of ammonia and of ammonia refrigeration systems. Risk control measures include: hazard evaluation; appropriate selection, installation, operation and maintenance of plant; emergency arrangements in the event of a gas escape; organization of the measures and their monitoring and review. In appendix: safety critical aspects of simple ammonia refrigeration systems; protection of electrical apparatus; schedule for inspection and maintenance. (66209)

CIS 96-311 Respiratory protective equipment - Legislative requirements and lists of HSE approved standards and type approved equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 4th ed., 1995. iii, 94p. Price: GBP 5.50., ISBN 0-7176-1036-5 (In English)

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This guidance document describes legislative requirements for respiratory protective equipment in the United Kingdom. Approved standards are listed and approved equipment is listed according to type. Addresses of manufacturers and suppliers are also provided. Replaces previous edition (See CIS 92-2012). (65949)

CIS 96-312 The control of fire-water run-off from CIMAH sites to prevent environmental damage. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 8p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 4.00., ISBN 0-7176-0990-1 (In English)

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This guidance note provides advice to operators of sites subject to the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1984 (CIMAH) (see CIS 89-1436). It concerns measures for the control of fire-water which may have been contaminated with chemicals stored at the site. Fire precautions are outlined along with emergency planning and environmental hazard identification, containment of fire-water run-off (lagoons and lakes, bunded areas, temporary containment), and alternatives to containment (controlled burning). An appendix summarizes legal requirements. (66118)

CIS 96-313 Silage clamp hazard - Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 2p. (In English)

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This data sheet explains how nitrogen dioxide may be generated under certain conditions at silage clamps and provides guidance on reducing the risk: pre-mowing analysis to predict the level of nitrate nitrogen in the silage, effective consolidation of silage, adequate clamp sealing, ventilation, and prevention of access. (65992)

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CIS 96-314 Comprehensive wellness for firefighters - Fitness and health guide for fire and rescue workers. Pearson J., Hayford J., Royer W., Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom, 1995. x, 358p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 29.95., ISBN 0-442-02068-6 (In English)

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Contents of this guide: the need for high levels of fitness for fire and rescue work; risk factors for heart disease; fitness assessment; physiology of the musculoskeletal system and stretching exercises to increase flexibility; aerobic exercises and cardiovascular fitness; strength training; nutrition; body composition and weight control; abuse of alcohol, drugs and tobacco; managing stress; maintaining wellness through lifestyle management. (65954)

CIS 96-315 Studies on the intrinsic safety of fieldbus systems. (German: Untersuchungen zur Eigensicherheit bei Feldbus-Systemen) Johannsmeyer U., Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, Mar. 1993. 38p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: DEM 18.55., ISBN 3-89429-310-1 (In German)

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Fieldbus systems provide, within an industrial facility, communication links between programmable control devices and sensors providing information on the actual state of industrial processes. This report investigates the safety of such systems in explosive atmospheres. Contents: basic theory (fieldbus and plant layouts, explosionproof electric equipment, danger zones, intrinsic safety involving sparkproof equipment); international fieldbus standards (FIP Bus, PROFIBUS, IEC Fieldbus); basic characteristics of the fieldbus equipment and aims of the investigation; investigation into ignition conditions; certification of fieldbus equipment. (66020)

CIS 96-316 Dispersion of releases of hazardous materials within buildings. Hall R.C., Gallagher P., Harris M.T.G., Deaves D.M., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iii, 58p. 151 ref. Price: GBP 15.00., ISBN 0-7176-0928-6 (In English)

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This report reviews the current status of airflow modelling within buildings, in particular, the dispersion of gases or other contaminants. Current research in a number of organizations is summarized along with the results of a literature survey. Information is presented for both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of the problem and for full scale and model scale tests. The potential and limitations of CFD modelling are discussed and requirements for future development of the method are proposed. (65938)

CIS 96-317 An interim evaluation of the Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 1992. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. ii, 48p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 6.50., ISBN 0-7176-1060-8 (In English)

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This report is based on the results of five studies undertaken to evaluate the impact of the Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 1992. The overall conclusion is that the Regulations are having a positive impact on the offshore industry's approach to the management of safety. Benefits include a more focused awareness of risk, better targeting of safety-related expenditure and improvements in safety management systems. The research indicates that managers in general support the safety case concept and that workers feel more confident about offshore safety. (65950)

CIS 96-318 Study of the safe operation of topdrive units in hazardous areas in offshore drilling operations on the UKCS. Shore T.E., Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 25p. Illus. Price: GBP 10.00., ISBN 0-7176-0922-7 (In English)

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Top drive systems providing rotational drilling power on a drilling rig often include an electric motor and thus require suitable explosion protection arrangements. A review was carried out of the various recommended methods for the classification of hazardous areas and of the suitability and reliability of methods for providing explosion protection to topdrive units. The Codes of Practice used to provide guidance on area classification have some differences in their recommendations, but in general, the guidance is consistent. Recommendations are made for improving the reliability of topdrive units. (66007)

CIS 96-319 Guidelines for technical planning for on-site emergencies. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA, 1995. xix, 358p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 130.00., ISBN 0-8169-0653-X (In English)

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This manual provides guidance on emergency planning based on prevention, preparedness and response. Contents: prevention through process safety management; principles of prevention and mitigation of chemical releases, fires and explosions; identification of credible incidents; conceptual approach to emergency response (capability and resource assessment, emergency operations); developing response tactics; physical facilities and systems; response equipment and supplies (extinguishing agents, personal protective equipment); developing a workable plan; using modelling for emergency planning, training requirements; key response functions and support systems; recovery and cleanup of facilities. (66123)

CIS 96-320 Dispensing petrol: Assessing and controlling the risk of fire and explosion at sites where petrol is stored and dispensed as a fuel. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. ix, 58p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: GBP 7.50., ISBN 0-7176-1048-9 (In English)

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This guidance applies to petrol filling-stations, farms, commercial goods vehicle depots, private businesses and other premises where petrol is kept as a fuel. Contents: fire and explosion hazards of petrol; risk factors associated with the storage and dispensing of petrol and key precautions to prevent fire and explosion; detailed risk assessment and identification of control measures for delivery and venting, storage, pipework systems and dispensing. In appendix: systems of work; training; risk assessment examples; relevant legislation. (66176)

CIS 96-321 A guide to the Borehole Sites and Operations Regulations 1995. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 56p. 14 ref. Price: GBP 9.50., ISBN 0-7176-1007-1 (In English)

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This guide contains the text of the Borehole Sites and Operations Regulations 1995 (see CIS 95-1187) with accompanying guidance. Contents: appointment and general duties of the operator; notice of the commencement of drilling operations and the abandonment of boreholes; preparation of the health and safety document (risk assessment, health and safety measures, design, use and maintenance of workplace and equipment, co-ordination of health and safety measures among contractors, emergency plans for escape and rescue, site access for emergency services, prevention of fires, explosions, blowouts and gas escapes, detection and control of toxic gases); health surveillance. (65977)

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CIS 96-322 Oil-filled electrical distribution and other switchgear. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1995. 18p. Illus. 14 ref. (In English)

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This document provides information on the potential electrical risks in the use of high-voltage and low-voltage oil-filled electrical distribution and other switchgear manufactured before 1970. Potential problems include: lack of knowledge of the equipment, overstressed switchgear, non-implementation of recommended safety modifications, use of dependent manually-operated switchgear, poor maintenance, and use of operating handles which are not the anti-reflex type. Guidance on the identification of such switchgear is provided along with precautions to reduce the risks. (66117)

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CIS 96-323 Equal vibrotactile sense thresholds of the fingers and its diagnostic significance for hand-arm vibration syndrome. Hong C., Xiang-chun Z., Li D., Yongkui M., Jian-xin W., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1995, Vol.56, No.1, p.11-15. Illus. 19 ref. (In English)

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The vibrotactile sense thresholds (VSTs) of the middle fingers of 60 healthy persons and 97 patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) or subclinical HAVS were measured quantitatively. There were significant differences in VST among all three groups; the VST values of the patient groups were significantly elevated at higher frequencies. The vibrotactile sense had the largest sensitivity loss at 125Hz and 250Hz; this appeared as a "V"-type hollow on the vibrotactilegram. The method provides a valuable auxiliary detection method for HAVS; the "V"-type hollow in the VST is an early clinical manifestation of HAVS. (66021)

CIS 96-324 Hand skin temperature variations for work in moderately cold environments and the effectiveness of periodic warming. Ceron R.J., Radwin R.G., Henderson C.J., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1995, Vol.56, No.6, p.558-567. Illus. 40 ref. (In English)

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Hand skin temperature variations were studied among 15 workers performing jobs under different thermal conditions in a turkey processing plant. Averaged over all jobs, the mean temperature of the third finger (17.7°C) was significantly cooler than that of the hand (28.9°C). In the cold environment, hand temperatures were recorded both with and without periodic warming of the hands under hot running water. Warming the hands did not appreciably raise minimum finger skin temperature after subjects rewarmed the hands for as long as 2min and then worked for more than 10min without a rewarming session. (66112)

CIS 96-325 Epidemiologic evidence of radiofrequency radiation (microwave) effects on health in military, broadcasting and occupational studies. Goldsmith J.R., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.47-57. 26 ref. (In English)

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Selected studies on the possible health effects of microwave or radar exposure are reviewed. Possible outcomes considered include: blood count changes; evidence of somatic mutation; impairment of reproductive outcomes, especially increased spontaneous abortion; and increase in cancer incidence and mortality, especially of the haematopoietic system, brain and breast. Evidence suggests that sufficient microwave exposures are associated with all four of these outcomes. It is concluded that the possible effects are qualitatively similar to those of ionizing radiation. It is recommended that more protection be provided for exposed workers. Since no negative studies were included, this review has a positive reporting bias. (66147)

CIS 96-326 Beyond air quality - Factors that affect prevalence estimates of sick building syndrome. Mikatavage M.A., Rose V.E., Funkhouser E., Oestenstad R.K., Dillon K., Reynolds K.D., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1141-1146. Illus. 29 ref. (In English)

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In an investigation of sick building syndrome (SBS), workers in 39 offices completed one of two questionnaires; one described the SBS study, the other did not. SBS was defined as a symptom in the previous 24-hour or seven-day recall period that was more severe at work and not related to suspected confounding factors (allergy, cold or flu). SBS prevalence was 5%. It was higher among workers aware of the SBS study relative to those who were not and higher for the seven-day relative to the 24-hour recall period. A standardized methodology is required for the assessment of SBS prevalence. (66201)

CIS 96-327 Breast cancer among radiologic technologists. Boice J.D., Mandel J.S., Doody M.M., Journal of the American Medical Association, 2 Aug. 1995, Vol.274, No.5, p.394-401. 42 ref. (In English)

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A study was made of 528 subjects with breast cancer who had been certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists for 29 years. Each subject was matched to five control subjects based on age, year of certification and follow-up time. More than 50% of the reported breast cancers could be explained by established, non-occupational risk factors. Employment as a radiological technologist was not found to increase the risk of breast cancer. The contribution of prolonged exposure to relatively low doses of ionizing radiation to breast cancer risk was too small to be detectable at this time. (65952)

CIS 96-328 Balance testing in saturation diving. Nordahl S.H.G., Aasen T., Molvær O.I., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 1995, Vol.66, No.11, p.1031-1036. Illus. 13 ref. (In English)

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Measurements of postural control were made in four divers using a static balance platform before, during and after an onshore experimental saturation heliox chamber dive lasting 32 days. Reduced postural control was detected in all four divers from approximately 200msw and deeper. Body sway showed a distinct increase during compression, reaching a maximum during the bottom phase. All sway parameters returned to pre-dive values after surfacing. Results indicate that deep heliox diving influences postural control and the vestibular system. (66000)

CIS 96-329 Prevention of accidents caused by failure to hear warning signals - The case of workers on foot on civil engineering or railway worksites. (French: Prévention des accidents dus à la non-perception des signaux sonores de danger - Cas du personnel à pied travaillant sur les chantiers de travaux publics ou sur les voies ferrées) Damongeot A., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1999-160-95, p.389-398. 19 ref. (In French)

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The characteristics of danger signal recognition in noisy environments are reviewed, as are two situations where failure to hear warning signals is believed to cause several fatal accidents every year: civil engineering worksites, where workers fail to hear vehicle reversing signals, and railway worksites, where they fail to hear signals warning of approaching trains. In each case the following topics are discussed: working conditions in which accidents occur; main features of existing regulations; recommendations and solutions for reducing the number of accidents, instead of or in addition to improving auditory warning signals. (66196)

CIS 96-330 Acoustic design of offices with VDUs. (German: Schalltechnische Gestaltung von Büroräumen mit Bildschirmen) van den Brulle P., Bundesanstalt für Arbeitschutz, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH., Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 176p. Illus. Price: DEM 32.00, ISBN 3-89429-643-7 (In German)

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Working at visual display units requires high concentration, which is often disrupted by high noise levels. The acoustic parameters influencing the noise level in offices have been analyzed and measured as well as the noise produced by the equipment attached to visual display workstations in 82 offices. Recommendations are given for the selection of quieter equipment and for an ergonomic layout ensuring a more favorable acoustic environment. (66200)

CIS 96-331 Human thermal environments: The effects of hot, moderate and cold environments on human health, comfort and performance - The principles and the practice. Parsons K.C., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1993. xviii, 359p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 24.50., ISBN 0-7484-0041-9 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: basic parameters affecting human response to thermal environments (human heat balance equation); human thermal physiology and thermoregulation; psychological responses; measurement methods and assessment techniques; metabolic heat production; thermal properties of clothing; thermal comfort; heat stress; cold stress; interference with activities, performance and productivity; human skin contact with hot surfaces; international standards; thermal models and computer aided design. In appendix: computer program listings for the assessment of heat stress, thermal comfort and cold stress. (65891)

CIS 96-332 Radiation exposure and high-altitude flight. National Council on radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095, USA, July 1995. v, 25p. Illus. 38 ref. Price: USD 15.00., ISBN 0-929600-44-4 (In English)

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This report reviews current knowledge about ionizing radiation levels expected in high-altitude flight and the risk of radiation-induced cancer and developmental effects in the embryo-foetus. Dose rates at different altitudes are discussed along with biological effects, limitations on current risk estimates, estimates of risk to crew and passengers, and radiation protection philosophy. Equivalent dose rates at higher altitudes are two to three times those received at current aircraft altitudes. Recommendations are made for further research into levels of radiation exposure, potential biological effects and the development of appropriate protection guidelines. (65918)

CIS 96-333 Health consequences of the Chernobyl accident. World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1995. vi, 38p. Illus. Price: CHF 11.00 (CHF 7.70 in developing countries)., ISBN 92-4-156181-5 (In English)

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This report summarizes the results of international investigations into the health consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident (26 Apr. 1986). It concentrates on findings from the International Programme on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPHECA). Contents: causes of the accident and the extent of radioactive contamination; response by national authorities and international organizations; establishment and role of IPHECA; types of health consequences (radiation effects and psychological problems); results of IPHECA pilot projects on health consequences (dosimetry, thyroid disorders, leukaemia and related blood disorders, brain damage in utero, oral health); future work. (65934)

CIS 96-334 Central index of dose information - Summary of statistics for 1993. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. v, 26p. 12 ref. (In English)

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This annual report provides an analysis of radiation doses reported for classified radiation workers in Great Britain for 1993. Tables show whole body doses, variation with age and sex, and doses for specific organs and tissues for each occupational category. The mean dose averaged over all occupational categories was 1mSv. The highest mean dose (14.2mSv) was for underground miners in non-coal mines, for whom the principal source of exposure is radon-222. 34% of classified persons received no dose at all, 80% received 1mSv or less, and 96% received 5mSv or less. (65969)

CIS 96-335 Safety of the storage of liquid high-level waste at BNFL Sellafield. Health and Safety Executive, HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. vi, 37p. Illus. 8 ref. Price: GBP 10.75., ISBN 0-7176-1045-4 (In English)

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This report describes the production and storage of high level waste at the Sellafield Works of British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) and discusses potential fault conditions which might give rise to releases of radioactivity: loss of cooling, leakage, failure of the vessel ventilation system, external hazards, fire and explosion. Safety aspects of the vitrification process and the highly active storage tanks are also discussed. The legislative framework for the regulation of operations is outlined. The report concludes that the current storage conditions for high level waste are acceptably safe. (66120)

CIS 96-336 Principles and application of collective dose in radiation protection. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095, USA, Nov. 1995. vi, 106p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 25.00., ISBN 0-929600-46-0 (In English)

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This report reviews the historical development and current applications of the concept of the collective radiation dose. Scientific bases for collective dose are described with reference to cellular, animal and human studies on the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of radiation. Limitations of the concept are also discussed. The meaning and utility of the concept are examined in relation to risk assessment, risk management and radiation protection for workers and the general public. (66121)

CIS 96-337 Central index of dose information - Summary of statistics for 1994. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1996. iii, 27p. 13 ref. (In English)

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This annual report provides an analysis of radiation doses reported for classified radiation workers in Great Britain for 1994. Tables show whole body dose, variation with age and sex, and doses to specific organs and tissues for each occupational category. The mean dose averaged over all occupational categories was 1mSv. The highest mean dose (17.7mSv) was for underground miners in non-coal mines, for whom the principal source of exposure is radon-222. 34% of all classified persons received no dose at all, 79% received 1mSv or less, and 96% less than 5mSv or less. Mean skin dose was 4.5mSv. (66173)

CIS 96-338 Radiation doses - Assessment and recording. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 2p. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet provides advice on the requirements of the Ionizing Radiations Regulations 1985 (see CIS 89-1100) regarding the assessment of radiation doses. Contents: selection of an approved dosimetry service; care and use of dosimeters; procedure for lost or damaged dosimeters; assessment of internal dose; dose records; incorrect recorded dose; investigation of overdoses; outside workers and short term and self-employed workers. (65993)

CIS 96-339 Controlling health risks from the use of UV tanning equipment. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 4p. 6 ref. (In English)

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This leaflet provides advice for operators of ultraviolet (UV) tanning facilities and their customers on minimizing the health risks of exposure to UV radiation. Health hazards include sunburn, skin irritation, conjunctivitis, premature ageing of the skin, skin cancer and cataracts. (66119)

CIS 96-340 Recommendations for limiting exposure to ionizing radiation (1995) and national standard for limiting occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, June 1995. xviii, 65p. 10 ref. Index., ISBN 0-644-35659-6 (In English)

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http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/57EA4B92-E8FD-491A-AD60-A8EA4A3C52FD/0/Ioniz…
   …ingRadiation.pdf
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/8BF4737E-D2E0-4B31-A64E-432D05BC2C6B/0/Recom…
   …mendationsLimitingExposureIonizingRadiation.pdf

The National standard for limiting occupational exposure to ionizing radiation covers: duties of employers and employees; planning and design of the workplace and work procedures; authorization of work involving ionizing radiation; training of employees; implementation of control measures; radiation monitoring and dose assessment; assessment of compliance with the Standard; emergency organization; record keeping. The accompanying Recommendations describe the principles and practice on which the Standard is based and provide guidance on the implementation of a program of radiation protection. (66204)

CIS 96-341 Protective helmets. (German: Schutzhelme) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 1995. 9p. Illus. (In German)

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This practical leaflet provides information on the characteristics, selection criteria, uses, maintenance and possible adaptations of safety helmets. (66165)

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CIS 96-342 Safeguarding of lathes and occupational accidents. Varonen U., Safety Science, Nov. 1995, Vol.21, No.1, p.15-22. Illus. 7 ref. (In English)

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To determine whether better guarding of metal cutting lathes had affected the number of occupational accidents occurring during work with the lathes, a study was conducted from 1 July 1981 to 30 June 1982, and again from 1 January to 31 December 1986. Each round consisted of two parts: (1) determining the nature and number of safety devices on lathes and analyzing the lathe accidents which occurred throughout the entire province of Häme (Finland); (2) performing similar assessments in 12 target enterprises. During the periods studied, the number of occupational accidents involving lathes decreased in the province of Häme by almost half, from 194 to 103. The accident frequency fell from 81 to 46. In the 12 target enterprises, the number of occupational accidents decreased also, from 60 to 22. The accident frequency fell from 164 to 55. Although the number of lathe accidents decreased as the guarding of lathes improved, this number did not correlate directly with the quality of lathe guarding. While it seems obvious that safeguards have a significant effect on lathe accidents, safety cannot be merely guaranteed by safeguards. Attention must also be paid to safe working practices. (66133)

CIS 96-343 Safety requirements for fall-arrest devices for suspended access equipment. (French: Conditions nécessaires de sécurité des dispositifs parachutes d'échafaudages volants) Paureau J., Jacqmin M., Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.1997-160-95, p.369-372. Illus. 3 ref. (In French)

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Following an analysis of the safety conditions specific to each fall-arrest device, the point is made that in order to function safely suspended scaffolds and similar access equipment must be properly equipped with the following: a speed-lock fall-arrest device triggered at a maximum speed of 1m/s, a system functioning at an angle between 8 and 13° with a shock absorber mounted in series with the safety cable/fall-arrest system (which when elastic should not stretch more than 0.033m under the effect of the weight component acting on the stirrup). The feasibility of this combination has been demonstrated experimentally and proved to be effective. (66194)

CIS 96-344 Farm-tractor-related fatalities - Kentucky, 1994. Journal of the American Medical Association, 27 Sep. 1995, Vol.274, No.12, p.936-937. 5 ref. (In English)

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Tractor-related fatalities identified by the Kentucky Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Project (USA) in 1994 are analysed. Of the total 28 fatalities, the most common cause was rollover (82%) followed by runover (18%); the most common activity at the time of injury was mowing with a rotary mower trailing a tractor (32%). An editorial comment considers that most of the rollover fatalities could have been prevented if the tractors had been equipped with roll-over protective structures and the operators secured with seat belts. (65974)

CIS 96-345 Soft tissue injury in resistance welding. Shanahan E.M., Hanley S.D., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.137-140. Illus. 6 ref. (In English)

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The process of electrical resistance welding is described and case studies are presented to illustrate the nature of the injuries which may result from the production of high-velocity metal-fragment projectiles. The difficulties in preventing these injuries are discussed. Preventive measures considered include personal protective equipment, guarding, automation, maintenance of welding tips and worker training. (65944)

CIS 96-346 Hazard to pathologists and anatomists from vena-caval (Greenfield) filters. Abraham J.L., Greenfield L.J., Lancet, 21 Oct. 1995, Vol.346, No.8982, p.1100. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication highlights the hazard of skin puncture injury for pathologists and anatomists handling an autopsy patient with a metal wire filter inserted into the inferior vena cava. The filter contains sharp anchoring hooks and grasping of the device during organ removal may result in skin puncture wounds. Screening before autopsy and education of pathologists is recommended. (65900)

CIS 96-347 Mechanical stability and driver visibility of construction site dumpers: results of processed survey data. Heenan K., Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May. 1995. iv, 66p. 3 ref. (In English)

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Following a survey of 38 models of construction site dumpers from six manufacturers, mathematical models were developed to assess and compare the static and dynamic stabilities of the dumpers and driver vision. The lateral and backward static and dynamic stabilities of the dumpers were generally satisfactory. A significant number of dumpers could become unstable in a forward direction under extreme operating conditions of load, gradient and braking. The driver's visibility varied considerably. The results of the survey form a reasonable basis for bringing the lower performance dumper models up to the norm. (66179)

CIS 96-348 Railway accident at Cowden. Health and Safety Executive, HM Railway Inspectorate, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. vi, 39p. Illus. Price: GBP 9.95., ISBN 0-7176-1076-4 (In English)

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This report describes the investigation into a head-on collision between two passenger trains on a single line track near Cowden, United Kingdom in October 1994. Post-accident testing proved that one train had passed the signal protecting the entry to the single line track. There appeared to be no reason for the disregard of the signal other than distraction of the driver, who was considered to be wholly responsible for the accident. (66178)

CIS 96-349 Temporarily suspended access cradles and platforms. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Dec. 1995. 4p. 7 ref. (In English)

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This information sheet outlines the causes of accidents during the installation, use and dismantling of temporary cradles and platforms and provides guidance on preventive measures: pre-use equipment checks, protection against falls, safe operating and dismantling procedures, and legal requirements. A safety checklist is included. (66171)

CIS 96-350 Guidelines for guarding principles and general safety for machinery. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 35p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-477-03587-6 (In English)

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These guidelines apply to machinery in places of work covered by the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and its Regulations 1995; extracts from the legislation are provided along with references to further information. Contents: machine hazards and general guarding principles; design and construction of machinery and guards (power controls, duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers); safe operation of machinery and other requirements (minimum age of operators, machinery maintenance, training and supervision of operators, lock-out devices). (65895)

CIS 96-351 Foundry machine guarding. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 10p. Illus. 9 ref. (In English)

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These four data sheets provide guidance on determining the type and standard of guarding required for various foundry machines and plant. The first sheet provides introductory information on relevant standards, accident statistics, guarding and risk assessment, and training requirements. The remaining three sheets describe the hazards and guarding requirements for mould and core-making machinery, sand handling equipment (belt conveyors), shakeouts, sand mixers and shotblasts. (65994)

CIS 96-352 Grinding operations. (German: Schleifen) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 1995. 24p. Illus. (In German)

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This information note is an update of Merkblatt M 5 (1987, CIS 90-2059). It provides guidelines on the safe operation of grinding wheels. Aspects covered: handling and storage, maximum working speed, marking, mounting, protective devices, exhaust ventilation of dust, personal protective equipment for the eyes and body, protection of the working environment. (66167)

CIS 96-353 Safety footwear. (German: Schutzschuhe) Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 1995. 11p. Illus. (In German)

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This practical leaflet provides information on the characteristics, selection criteria, uses and maintenance of safety footwear. (66168)

CIS 96-354 Personal buoyancy equipment on inland and inshore waters. Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 4p. Illus. 5 ref. (In English)

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This data sheet concerns the use of personal buoyancy equipment at fish farms, floating cage units, estate fisheries and similar establishments. Contents: causal factors in accidental drowning; legal requirements for hazard evaluation and risk control; selecting, using and maintaining personal buoyancy equipment; operating automatic inflation mechanisms; role of management; worker training; care of equipment (pre-wear checks, inspection and testing, storage). (65966)

CIS 96-355 Practical guide to safety and health - Aluminium smelting plants - Analysis and prevention of risks linked to handling. (French: Guide pratique de prévention dans les fonderies d'aluminium - Analyse et prévention des risques liés aux manutentions) Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.160, Note No.2000-160-95, p.399-414. Illus. 28 ref. (In French)

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The handling of materials and objects involves the equipment and operations listed in this guide. Equipment malfunctions or breakdowns can produce hazards. The guide provides basic information, including a review of risks for each type of function, handling equipment and product, useful in implementing specific, evolutive and participatory approaches to risk prevention in handling operations. (66197)

CIS 96-356 Approved code of practice for the safe erection and use of scaffolding. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, PO Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Sep. 1995. 80p. Illus. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03550-5 (In English)

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Contents of this code of practice: general safety requirements (certificates of competency, responsibilities of contractors and others, access to working platforms, work near electric power lines); design requirements (loads, supporting structure); standing scaffolds; timber scaffolding; tube scaffolding in steel or aluminium; scaffolding with proprietary equipment; free-standing scaffolds; suspended scaffolds; special scaffolds. In appendix: scaffold inspection registers; technical data for scaffolding materials; rigging and knotting; performance requirements for scaffold planks. (65897)

CIS 96-357 Approved code of practice for safety in excavation and shafts for foundations. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Sep. 1995. 50p. Illus. 7 ref. Price: NZD 10.00., ISBN 0-477-03578-7 (In English)

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Part 1 of this code of practice covers trenches and open excavations: general safety provisions (modes of failure, excavations requiring shoring, angle of slope, protection of the public and employees, surface water and drainage, harmful gases); recommended safe practices for excavations; methods of shoring; open excavations. Part 2 covers shafts and drives for foundations: precautions during construction of drilled large-diameter shafts for piling and other purposes; ventilation, gas hazards, symptoms and effects. (65898)

CIS 96-358 Guidelines for the safe use of woodworking machinery. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, Oct. 1995. 39p. Bibl.ref., ISBN 0-477-03586-8 (In English)

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These guidelines apply to woodworking machinery in places of work covered by the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and its Regulations 1995; extracts from the legislation are provided along with references to further information. Contents: general requirements for the construction and guarding of woodworking machinery; duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers; guards for saws, planers, shapers and sanders; safe operation of machinery and other requirements (power hand tools, minimum age of operators, machinery maintenance, training and supervision of operators, lock-out devices). (65896)

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CIS 96-359 Factors affecting microbiological colony count accuracy for bioaerosol sampling and analysis. Chang C.W., Grinshpun S.A., Willeke K., Macher J.M., Donnelly J., Clark S., Juozaitis A., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.979-986. Illus. 44 ref. (In English)

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The effects of the following variables on the occurrence of colony masking (the indistinguishable merging or overlap of sufficiently close colonies) were evaluated experimentally using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis: spore density on a collection surface, concentration of nutrients in the culture medium, sample incubation time, and ability of an observation system to distinguish overlapped colonies. Increasing spore surface density and incubation time increased colony masking, whereas lowering nutrient concentration decreased colony diameter and masking, but also limited spore germination and growth. Appropriate collection times were determined for two widely-used bioaerosol impactor samplers to minimize colony masking. (65924)

CIS 96-360 Occupational flour exposure and screening for coeliac disease. Kolopp-Sarda M.N., Béné M.C., Gobert B., Massin N., Faure G.C., Lancet, 1 July 1995, Vol.346, No.8966, p.57-58. 5 ref. (In English)

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This communication briefly describes a study of IgG and IgA antigliadin antibody levels in 158 millers and bakers exposed to flour dust and having no diagnosed or reported signs of coeliac disease. IgG and IgA were positive in 37% and 21% of exposed subjects respectively (2% and 5% in a control group). Data indicate that the occupational status of individuals with such serum antibodies should be considered when interpreting screening tests for coeliac disease. (65936)

CIS 96-361 Salmon, ventilation and mycotoxin inhalation. Leon S.F.E., Lancet, 23/30 Dec. 1995, Vol.346, No.8991/8992, p.1707. 5 ref. (In English)

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This communication briefly comments on an earlier study of occupational asthma among workers at a salmon processing factory with an enclosed ventilation system (see CIS 95-000). The clinical picture resembles respiratory problems associated with the grain industry, poultry-processing, and silo unloading, and can be compared with old-book disease, sick-building syndrome and baker's asthma, all of which are thought to be promoted by closed environments. Such environments contain bacterial endotoxins and also allow moulds to grow easily. (66035)

CIS 96-362 Laboratory evaluation of airborne microbial reduction by an ultraviolet light positioned in a modified hollow ceiling fan blade. Salie F., Scarpino P., Clark S., Willeke K., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1995, Vol.56, No.10, p.987-992. Illus. 30 ref. (In English)

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A laboratory-scale system was constructed to simulate the airflow through a rotating hollow ceiling fan blade containing a germicidal UV light unit through which selected aerosolized test microorganisms were passed. Air sampling was conducted using modified glass impingers. For a single pass (26 msec) of the aerosol, reductions of 72.8, 3.8 and 8.6% were achieved for E.coli, M.luteus and B.subtilis bacteria, respectively. No significant reductions were observed in control runs with the UV light turned off. Results indicate that the application of UV light in this way may be used for the reduction of indoor microbial populations. (65925)

CIS 96-363 Respiratory protection and the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nicas M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.317-333. 38 ref. (In English)

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Several types of respirator were compared with respect to efficacy against penetration of infectious droplet nuclei capable of carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) with elastomeric halfmask facepieces and high efficiency (HEPA) filters provided substantially better protection than did surgical masks and disposable dust/mist particulate respirators. This greater protection is related to the PAPR's relatively high filtration efficiency and the low degree of facial leakage. When droplet nuclei source control is inadequate, healthcare workers may need to wear highly protective respirators for protection against tuberculosis infection. (66181)

CIS 96-364 Occupational asthma caused by automated salmon processing. Douglas J.D.M., McSharry C., Blaikie L., Morrow T., Miles S., Franklin D., Lancet, 16 Sep. 1995, Vol.346, No.8977, p.737-740. Illus. 24 ref. (In English)

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A survey of all 291 employees at a newly-opened salmon processing plant in the United Kingdom revealed 24 (8.2%) with occupational asthma. The employees worked near machines which generated respirable aerosols containing salmon-serum proteins. Following reallocation to a low-exposure worksite and improvement of factory ventilation, 11 subjects showed improvement in pulmonary function and continued in employment; the remaining 13 regained normal respiratory function after leaving the plant. Early action avoided the long-term reduction in pulmonary functions often associated with occupational asthma. (65953)

CIS 96-365 Laboratory-acquired Helicobacter pylori infection. Matysiak-Budnik T., Briet F., Heyman M., Mégraud F., Lancet, 2 Dec. 1995, Vol.346, No.8988, p.1489-1490. 4 ref. (In English)

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This brief communication describes a case of accidental ingestion of Helicobacter pylori in the laboratory. Symptoms included severe epigastric cramp, nausea and epigastric fullness, followed by heartburn, nausea and upper abdominal pain. The patient was successfully treated; immunological response developed three months after treatment, and was weak. The case provides some insight into the clinical course of H pylori infection. (66034)

CIS 96-366 Streptococcus suis as threat to pig-farmers and abattoir workers. Bartelink A.K.M., van Kregten E., Lancet, 23/30 Dec. 1995, Vol.346, No.8991/8992, p.1707. 4 ref. (In English)

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This communication briefly reports two cases of septic shock following infection with Streptococcus suis in man: an abattoir worker who died following the infection, and a pig farmer who suffered multiple organ failure and recovered after intensive therapy. Human beings usually develop meningitis following S. suis infection. Septic shock is rare but commonly fatal; early recognition in pig farmers and abattoir workers is essential. (66036)

CIS 96-367 A labourer with a spot on his chest. Breathnach A.S., Turnbull P.C.B., Eykyn S.J., Twort C.H.C., Lancet, 13 Jan. 1996, vol.347, No.8994, p.96. Illus. 1 ref. (In English)

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A case study is presented of a casual labourer with a chest lesion which was attributed to a sting or bite during recent work in a ventilation shaft. Despite treatment, the lesion progressed and the patient also developed jaundice and renal impairment. The initial diagnosis was a streptococcal infection but blood cultures later yielded an organism identified as Bacillus anthracis. Enquiries revealed that the labourer had recently worked in a leather firm and had removed his shirt while lifting hides. The rarity of anthrax in the United Kingdom and the misleading occupational history resulted in misdiagnosis. (66128)

CIS 96-368 Cancer mortality among workers in abattoirs and meatpacking plants: An update. Johnson E.S., Dalmas D., Noss J., Matanoski G.M., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.389-403. 71 ref. (In English)

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A follow-up study was carried out of a previously studied group of 5,522 abattoir workers and 4,589 meatpacking workers potentially exposed to bovine leukaemia virus and bovine papilloma viruses (known to be oncogenic in cattle), and to human papilloma viruses and certain chemical carcinogens. Excess risk of all cancers combined, and cancers of the lung, mouth and pharynx, oesophagus, colon, bladder, kidney and bone was observed. Since factors such as smoking, alcohol and diet were not taken into account, the significance of these findings is not known, except for lung cancer, for which occupational factors are probably involved. (66187)

CIS 96-369 Control of infection in clinical laboratories. Rhodes K.M., Safety and Health Practitioner, July 1995, Vol.13, No.7, p.23-25. Illus. 8 ref. (In English)

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The infection risks to workers in clinical pathology laboratories are described. Common routes of exposure to microorganisms found in clinical samples and artificially grown cultures are by absorption ('sharps' injuries), inhalation and ingestion. Good laboratory practice and the appropriate use of containment and local exhaust ventilation can reduce these risks. An effective clinical waste disposal strategy is also outlined. The role of the safety practitioner is described along with legislative requirements. (66110)

CIS 96-370 Food preservation - An executive guide. Booth P., Technical Publications (Publishing) Ltd., P.O. Box 6, Hitchin SG5 2DB, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, 1993. iii, 42p. 24 ref., ISBN 0-946655-80-4 (In English)

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Contents of this guide: the need for food preservation; pathogenic and food spoilage organisms; general principles of microbiological control; methods of food preservation; legislation for food preservation; hygiene in food processing plants; management commitment to food quality and safety. (65955)

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CIS 96-371 Incidence and risk factors of low-back pain in middle-aged farmers. Manninen P., Riihimäki H., Heliövaara M., Occupational Medicine, June 1995, Vol.45, No.3, p.141-146. 49 ref. (In English)

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Middle-aged farmers who did not report any low-back or neck-shoulder pain during the previous year in a 1979 questionnaire were included in a follow-up study in 1992 (363 farmers). In 1992, the one-year prevalence rates of unspecified low-back pain and sciatic pain were low. Full-time farmers had a higher prevalence of sciatic pain than did part-time or retired farmers. A strong association was found between smoking and the prevalence of sciatic pain; other known risk determinants failed to have any predictive significance. Farmers with no low-back pain in middle-age remain well without low-back pain despite heavy work. (65945)

CIS 96-372 Regional muscle loss after short duration spaceflight. LeBlanc A., Rowe R., Schneider V., Evans H., Hedrick T., Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1995, Vol.66, No.12, p.1151-1154. 25 ref. (In English)

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Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the regional muscle volume changes of the calf, thigh and back in two male and two female crewmembers of an eight-day Shuttle flight. The soleus-gastrocnemius, anterior calf, hamstrings, quadriceps, and intrinsic back muscles were all decreased compared to baseline. After two weeks, the hamstrings and intrinsic lower back muscles were still below baseline. Even short duration spaceflight can result in significant muscle atrophy; appropriate exercise countermeasures may be required. (66037)

CIS 96-373 Can cardiovascular load in ergonomic epidemiology be estimated by self-report?. Hjelm E.W., Winkel J., Nygård C.-H., Wiktorin C., Karlqvist L., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.37, No.10, p.1210-1217. Illus. 37 ref. (In English)

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In a study of 97 men and women representing a total of 53 different occupations, self-reported ratings of physical exertion and physical activity at the end of a work shift were correlated with average heart rate measured during the same shift. In the male population, ratings of both physical exertion and physical activity correlated with the average heart rate; no such correlation was observed among the women. Results suggest that cardiovascular load could be estimated by retrospective self-reports in the men, but not the women, selected in this study. (65997)

CIS 96-374 Physiological criteria for functioning of hands in the cold. Heus R., Daanen H.A.M., Havenith G., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1995, Vol.26, No.1, p.5-13. 57 ref. (In English)

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In this literature review, the physiological processes in manual dexterity are described and the influence of a cold environment on these processes is studied. Implications for manual dexterity are discussed. Factors influencing dexterity are reaction time, sensibility, nerve conduction, grip strength, time to exhaustion and mobility. Minimum criteria are given for separate physiological components of dexterity. The most important are a local skin temperature of 15°C, a nerve temperature of 20°C, and a muscle temperature of 28°C. During maximum dynamic work a muscle temperature of 38°C is recommended. (66149)

CIS 96-375 Climatic stress in the workplace - Its effect on thermoregulatory responses and muscle fatigue in female workers. Chad K.E., Brown J.M.M., Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1995, Vol.26, No.1, p.29-34. 12 ref. (In English)

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Thermoregulatory responses and levels of muscle fatigue were investigated in a group of seated women performing a light manual task (typing) and a group of standing women performing a more strenuous manual task (lifting) in different climatic conditions (neutral and hot, humid). Environmental heat significantly influenced the cardiovascular and regulatory systems in both groups. Although the lifters generally showed greater levels of thermal stress and muscle fatigue, the typists showed greater evidence of temperature-related muscle fatigue. Results suggest that the effects of environmental heat may be of secondary importance to the nature of the task on the levels of muscle fatigue experienced. (66150)

CIS 96-376 Detecting cumulative trauma disorders in workers performing repetitive tasks. Young V.L., Seaton M.K., Feely C.A., Arfken C., Edwards D.F., Baum C.M., Logan S., American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1995, Vol.27, No.3, p.419-431. Illus. 60 ref. (In English)

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Clinical measures to assess the physical status of the upper extremity were carried out among 157 poultry processors. Criteria that indicated abnormal findings were established for 12 measures. 50% of workers had three or more abnormal findings; the average worker had five to six abnormal findings. Impaired pinch strength, decreased vibration sensitivity in the fingertips, and reports of current numbness were the most prevalent. Of workers with signs, 25% reported no symptoms; 8% of workers reported symptoms but had no signs. The method may be used to determine prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders and for preclinical detection of these disorders. (66189)

CIS 96-377 Driving and fatigue: Driver impairment, driver fatigue and driving simulation. Hartley L., ed., Taylor & Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1995. xi, 278p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 34.95., ISBN 0-7484-02624 (In English)

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Proceedings of a conference held in Fremantle, Australia, 16-17 September 1993. Papers are presented under the following headings: fatigue in the transport industry (managing driver fatigue in long-distance road transport, driver fatigue and alertness, role of fatigue research in setting driving hours regulations); the epidemiology of fatigue-related crashes (Australian accident statistics, drugs, driving and enforcement, interaction between driver impairment and road design in the causation of accidents); preventive measures (vehicle deceleration indicators, alcohol and drugs education programme, profile line-marking and noise, detecting fatigued drivers with vehicle simulators); empirical analysis of the impact of fatigue; theoretical considerations in research into driving. (65973)

CIS 96-378 Hard facts about soft machines: The ergonomics of seating. Lueder R., Noro K., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1994. xv, 457p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 59.50., ISBN 0-85066802-6 (In English)

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This manual comprises a series of papers on the ergonomics of seating. Contents: adjustability of seating (chair and work-surface heights); anthropometrics; posture; low back pain and seating; biomechanics; seat pressure distributions (assessment and prediction of seat comfort); chairs for school children; users with special needs; design applications; industry perspectives (evaluating office chairs, office seating and movement); ergonomics standards and legislative trends for VDTs. (65902)

CIS 96-379 Person-centred ergonomics: A Brantonian view of human factors. Oborne D.J., Branton R., Leal F., Shipley P., Stewart T., eds., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1993. x, 237p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 39.00., ISBN 0-74840-0051-6 (In English)

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This book is based on the writings of the late ergonomist Paul Branton. The focus is on the application of the concept of person-centred solutions to ergonomic problems. Contents: the man-machine system and the person-centred approach; human values; unselfconscious behaviour; measuring behaviour; main features of the Brantonian approach. Includes some papers by Paul Branton: behaviour, body mechanics and discomfort; fatigue and vigilance of train drivers; skills of train driving; stress and fatigue in process control operators and transport operators; VDU stress. (65903)

CIS 96-380 Contemporary ergonomics 1994. Robertson S.A., ed., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 8PR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1994. 518p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 44.00., ISBN 0-7484-0203-9 (In English)

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Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's Conference held in Warwick, England, 19-22 April 1994. Topics covered include: function allocation in manufacturing; ergonomic problems among construction workers and orchestral players and in tropical agriculture; user involved design; railway ergonomics; situation awareness in process control; lifting tasks; military and aerospace ergonomics; drivers and driving; manual handling; upper limb assessment; simulation; accidents and human errors; auditory alarm signals; physiological response to exercise and sports ergonomics; ergonomics in industry (factory layout, job design, robots); human-computer interaction. (65913)

CIS 96-381 Contemporary ergonomics 1995. Robertson S.A., ed., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 8PR, Hants., United Kingdom, 1995. 580p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 44.00., ISBN 0-7484-0328-0 (In English)

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Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's Conference held in Canterbury, England, 4-6 April 1995. Topics covered include: mechanisms of musculoskeletal injury at work; quantifying and qualifying the value of ergonomics to business; organizational ergonomics and worker participation; introduction of new technology; developments in ergonomic methodology; speech communication; workload assessment and musculoskeletal strain; built environment (sick building syndrome, access for the disabled); risk assessment; control rooms; personnel training; drivers and driving; human-computer interfaces; manual handling; posture; human performance; controls; visual depth perception in keyhole surgery. (65914)

CIS 96-382 Making shiftwork tolerable. Monk T.H., Folkard S., Taylor & Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1992. vi, 94p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 11.50., ISBN 0-85066-822-0 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: introduction to the nature and prevalence of shift work; sleep and the biological clock; social challenges to the shift worker; stress and strain (strain from the circadian system and sleep problems, social and domestic strain); health consequences (cardiovascular, psychiatric and gastrointestinal effects); performance and safety consequences; inter-individual differences; coping strategies for the worker; strategies for the employer (shift work schedules, bright lights at the workplace, shift work awareness programmes). (65979)

CIS 96-383 A guide to the ergonomics of manufacturing. Helander M., Taylor & Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1995. xii. 210p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 14.95., ISBN 07484-0122-9 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: introduction to ergonomics; case studies of implementation of ergonomics in manufacturing; anthropometry in workstation design; physical work and heat stress; manual lifting; choice of work posture; repetitive motion injury; hand tool design; illumination at work; design of VDT workstations; design of controls; design of symbols, labels and visual displays; development of training programmes and skill development; noise; shift work; whole-body vibration; design for manufacturing assembly; design for maintainability; machine and robot safety; use of an ergonomics checklist in manufacturing. (65980)

CIS 96-384 Ergonomic design of mobile equipment and machinery. (German: Ergonomische Gestaltung mobiler Maschinen) Sachs, Teichert, Rentzsch, Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG, Rudolf-Diesel-St. 3, 86899 Landsberg, Germany, 1994. 310p. Illus., ISBN 3-609-69510-2 (In German)

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Basic information for manufacturers, for those who plan the workshops layout, for designers, ergonomic experts and all safety specialists involved. (66170)

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CIS 96-385 Occupational stress and dysmenorrhea in women working in cotton textile mills. Christiani D.C., Niu T., Xu X., International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.9-15. Illus. 20 ref. (In English)

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A questionnaire survey of 895 female workers in three cotton textile mills in China was carried out to determine levels of occupational stress during pregnancy and symptoms of dysmenorrhoea when not pregnant. Proportions of no/low, moderate and high levels of stress were reported as 56%, 23% and 21% respectively; overall prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 59.7%. After adjusting for age, job, mill location and other factors, the findings suggest a positive association between high levels of occupational stress and dysmenorrhoea. (66143)

CIS 96-386 Quality in laboratory safety management. Boyle K.J., Safety and Health Practitioner, June 1995, Vol.13, No.6, p.18-22. Illus. 3 ref. (In English)

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Development of a behaviour-based approach to safety management at a paint research and development laboratory in the United Kingdom is described. The method uses quality assurance principles and involves standard setting, identification of causes of poor safety performance, changing management systems and organizational culture, and the measurement and correction of unsafe behaviour. Implementation of the process, including early involvement of laboratory staff, is described, along with initial problems, reports of unsafe behaviour and follow-up action, management support, and the resulting downward trend in injuries. (66109)

CIS 96-387 Influence of anxiety level on work performance with and without a respirator mask. Johnson A.T., Dooly C.R., Blanchard C.A., Brown E.Y., American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1995, Vol.56, No.9, p.858-865. Illus. 21 ref. (In English)

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Twenty subjects were tested for trait anxiety levels and performed on a treadmill at 80-85% of their maximum heart rates until they reached voluntary end-point. Physiological, metabolic and subjective measurements were taken every minute. While there was extreme variability in subject responses, performance times with the mask averaged less than without the mask. Anxious subjects experience more discomfort, perform for shorter times, and accomplish less total work than their lower anxiety counterparts, even when rate of work can be adjusted. (65983)

CIS 96-388 Occupational injury and stress. Johnston J., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1995, Vol.37, No.10, p.1199-1203. 25 ref. (In English)

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A review of the literature concerning stress and occupational injury identified 20 studies that provided a quantitative measure of stress and occupational injury and a quantitative assessment of the relationship between these two factors. Of the 11 occupations examined in these studies, transportation and mining were the industries with the highest risk of injury. Limitations of the studies are discussed. (65995)

CIS 96-389 Human factors in alarm design. Stanton N., ed., Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1994. x, 238p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 35.00., ISBN 0-7484-0109-1 (In English)

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Contents of this manual: overview of the human factors approach; experimental research into alarm design (urgency mapping in auditory warning signals, design of VDU-based alarm lists for power plant operators); considerations of the human operator (cognitive demands and activities in dynamic fault management, alarm initiated activities, supervisory control behaviour and the implementation of alarms in process control); design and evaluation of alarm systems; applications of alarm systems (alarms in nuclear power plant control rooms, in-car warning devices, intensive therapy unit alarms, key topics in alarm design). (65904)

CIS 96-390 A guide to practical human reliability assessment. Kirwan B., Taylor & Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke RG24 8PR, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 1994. v, 592p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 60.00 (cloth), GBP 25.00 (paper)., ISBN 0-7484-0052-4 (cloth), ISBN 0-7484-0111-3 (paper) (In English)

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This guide describes techniques for the estimation and reduction of human error in systems. The risk assessment process is described and the role of human reliability assessment (HRA) in this process is discussed. Details of the HRA process are then described: problem definition, task analysis, human error analysis, representation issues, human-error quantification, impact assessment, error reduction analysis, quality assurance and documentation, practical framework for HRA, management and organizational issues. Future directions in HRA are outlined. Appendices include brief reviews of forms of human error in recent accidents, a human factors checklist, and a number of HRA case studies. (65982)

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